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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1945–1952:_Florida,_Los_Angeles,_and_Seattle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945–1952:_Florida,_Los_Angeles,_and_Seattle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1945–1952: Florida, Los Angeles, and Seattle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945–1952:_Florida,_Los_Angeles,_and_Seattle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1952–1959:_Atlantic_Records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1952–1959:_Atlantic_Records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1952–1959: Atlantic Records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1952–1959:_Atlantic_Records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1959–1971:_Crossover_success" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1959–1971:_Crossover_success"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1959–1971: Crossover success</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1959–1971:_Crossover_success-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1971–1983:_Commercial_decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1971–1983:_Commercial_decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1971–1983: Commercial decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1971–1983:_Commercial_decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1983–2004:_Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1983–2004:_Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1983–2004: Later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1983–2004:_Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influence_on_music_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_music_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Influence on music industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_music_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contribution_to_civil_rights_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contribution_to_civil_rights_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Contribution to civil rights movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contribution_to_civil_rights_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Ray_Charles_Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Ray_Charles_Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>The Ray Charles Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Ray_Charles_Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relationships_and_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships_and_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Relationships and children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationships_and_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug_abuse_and_legal_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_abuse_and_legal_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Drug abuse and legal problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_abuse_and_legal_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chess_hobby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chess_hobby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Chess hobby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chess_hobby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Discography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Filmography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ray Charles</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2" title="ري تشارلز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ري تشارلز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rey_%C3%87arlz" title="Rey Çarlz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rey Çarlz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2" title="ری چارلز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ری چارلز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7" title="Рэй Чарлз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэй Чарлз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7" title="Рэй Чарлз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэй Чарлз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Рей Чарлс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рей Чарлс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7" title="Рэй Чарльз – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рэй Чарльз" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AD%CE%B9_%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BB%CF%82" title="Ρέι Τσαρλς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρέι Τσαρλς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2" title="ری چارلز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ری چارلز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4_%EC%B0%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="레이 찰스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레이 찰스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B5_%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%A6" title="Ռեյ Չարլզ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեյ Չարլզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="ריי צ'ארלס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריי צ'ארלס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="რეი ჩარლზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რეი ჩარლზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejs_%C4%8C%C4%81rlzs" title="Rejs Čārlzs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rejs Čārlzs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%98_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Реј Чарлс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Реј Чарлс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="റേ ചാൾസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റേ ചാൾസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="रे चार्ल्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रे चार्ल्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="რეი ჩარლზი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რეი ჩარლზი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2" title="رى تشارلز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رى تشارلز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA" title="レイ・チャールズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レイ・チャールズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%85_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8" title="ਰੇਅ ਚਾਰਲਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੇਅ ਚਾਰਲਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Carles" title="Ray Carles – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ray Carles" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7" title="Рэй Чарльз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рэй Чарльз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2" title="ڕای چارلز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕای چارلز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%98_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Реј Чарлс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Реј Чарлс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="ரே சார்ல்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரே சார்ல்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เรย์ ชาลส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรย์ ชาลส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7" title="Рей Чарльз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рей Чарльз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%92_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3" title="رے چارلس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رے چارلس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="雷·查尔斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="雷·查尔斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ray Charles" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%96%AF" title="利查理斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="利查理斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="雷·查尔斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雷·查尔斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American musician (1930–2004)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Ray Charles, see <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ray Charles (disambiguation)">Ray Charles (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ray Charles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg/220px-Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg/330px-Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg/440px-Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1002" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Charles in 1969</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Ray Charles Robinson<sup id="cite_ref-name_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1930-09-23</span>)</span>September 23, 1930<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Albany,_Georgia" title="Albany, Georgia">Albany, Georgia</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 10, 2004<span style="display:none">(2004-06-10)</span> (aged 73)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Inglewood_Park_Cemetery" title="Inglewood Park Cemetery">Inglewood Park Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Singer</li><li>musician</li><li>songwriter</li><li>composer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1947–2004</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Eileen Williams</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1951; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1952)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Della Beatrice Howard</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1955; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1977)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">12</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Musical career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Florida" title="Greenville, Florida">Greenville, Florida</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist nowraplinks"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Vocals</li> <li>piano</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles_discography" title="Ray Charles discography">Ray Charles discography</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist nowraplinks"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Records" title="ABC Records">ABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Records_(1962)" title="Tangerine Records (1962)">Tangerine/Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Records">Warner Bros.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_Time_Records" title="Swing Time Records">Swing Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord_Records" title="Concord Records">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhino Records">Flashback</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist nowraplinks"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Raelettes" title="The Raelettes">The Raelettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_for_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="USA for Africa">USA for Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://raycharles.com/">raycharles<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ray_Charles_autograph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ray_Charles_autograph.svg/150px-Ray_Charles_autograph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ray_Charles_autograph.svg/225px-Ray_Charles_autograph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ray_Charles_autograph.svg/300px-Ray_Charles_autograph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="69" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ray Charles Robinson</b><sup id="cite_ref-name_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (September 23, 1930 – June 10, 2004) was an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. He is regarded as one of the most iconic and influential musicians in history, and was often referred to by contemporaries as "The Genius". Among friends and fellow musicians, he preferred being called "Brother Ray".<sup id="cite_ref-RollingStone_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RollingStone-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPR_death_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_death-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles was blinded during childhood, possibly due to <a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">glaucoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Unterberger_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unterberger-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles pioneered the <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a> genre during the 1950s by combining elements of <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a> into his music during his time with <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Unterberger_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unterberger-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VH1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VH1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-popc_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He contributed to the integration of <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a>, rhythm and blues, and <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a> during the 1960s with his crossover success on <a href="/wiki/ABC_Records" title="ABC Records">ABC Records</a>, notably with his two <i>Modern Sounds</i> albums.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tyrangiel_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyrangiel-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While he was with ABC, Charles became one of the first black musicians to be granted artistic control by a mainstream record company.<sup id="cite_ref-VH1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VH1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles' 1960 hit "<a href="/wiki/Georgia_on_My_Mind" title="Georgia on My Mind">Georgia on My Mind</a>" was the first of his three career No. 1 hits on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His 1962 album <i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Sounds_in_Country_and_Western_Music" title="Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music">Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music</a></i> became his first album to top the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200"><i>Billboard</i> 200</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles had multiple singles reach the <a href="/wiki/Top_40" title="Top 40">Top 40</a> on various <i>Billboard</i> charts: 44 on the <a href="/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs" title="Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs">US R&B</a> singles chart, 11 on the Hot 100 singles chart, and two on the <a href="/wiki/Hot_Country_Songs" title="Hot Country Songs">Hot Country</a> singles charts.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles cited <a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a> as a primary influence, but his music was also influenced by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Jordan" title="Louis Jordan">Louis Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brown_(musician)" title="Charles Brown (musician)">Charles Brown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Autobio_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autobio-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a lifelong friendship and occasional partnership with <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> called Ray Charles "the only true genius in show business", although Charles downplayed this notion.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a> said, "This may sound like sacrilege, but I think Ray Charles was more important than <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For his musical contributions, Charles received the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Polar_Music_Prize" title="Polar Music Prize">Polar Music Prize</a>. He was one of the inaugural inductees at the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> in 1986. He has won 18 Grammy Awards (five posthumously),<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a> in 1987, and 10 of his recordings have been inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame" title="Grammy Hall of Fame">Grammy Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> ranked Charles No. 10 on their list of the "<a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_100_Greatest_Artists_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time">100 Greatest Artists of All Time</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-RollingStone_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RollingStone-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and No. 2 on their list of the "100 Greatest Singers of All Time".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, he was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Country Music Hall of Fame">Country Music Hall of Fame</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Black_Music_%26_Entertainment_Walk_of_Fame" title="Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame">Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles was born on September 23, 1930, in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_Georgia" title="Albany, Georgia">Albany, Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-name_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the son of Bailey Robinson, a laborer, and Aretha (or Reatha) Robinson (née Williams), a laundress, of <a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Florida" title="Greenville, Florida">Greenville, Florida</a>. </p><p>During Aretha's childhood, her mother died. Her father could not keep her. Bailey, a man her father worked with, took her in. The Robinson family—Bailey, his wife Mary Jane, and his mother— informally adopted her and Aretha took the surname Robinson. A few years later Aretha became pregnant by Bailey. During the ensuing scandal, she left Greenville late in the summer of 1930 to be with family back in Albany. After the birth of the child, Ray Charles, she and the infant Charles returned to Greenville. Aretha and Bailey's wife, who had lost a son, then shared in Charles' upbringing. The father had left Greenville and married another woman elsewhere. By his first birthday, Charles had a brother, George.<sup id="cite_ref-Autobio_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autobio-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles was deeply devoted to his mother and later recalled, despite her poor health and adversity, her perseverance, self-sufficiency, and pride as guiding lights in his life. </p><p>In his early years, Charles showed an interest in mechanical objects and often watched his neighbors working on their cars and farm machinery. His musical curiosity was sparked at Wylie Pitman's Red Wing Cafe, at the age of three, when Pitman played <a href="/wiki/Boogie_woogie" class="mw-redirect" title="Boogie woogie">boogie woogie</a> on an old <a href="/wiki/Upright_piano" class="mw-redirect" title="Upright piano">upright piano</a>; Pitman subsequently taught Charles how to play the piano. Charles and his mother were always welcome at the Red Wing Cafe and even lived there when they were in financial distress.<sup id="cite_ref-Autobio_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autobio-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pitman also cared for Ray's younger brother George, to take some of the burden off their mother. George accidentally drowned in his mother's laundry tub when he was four years old.<sup id="cite_ref-Autobio_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autobio-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SwingMusicBio_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SwingMusicBio-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles started to lose his sight at the age of four<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_death_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_death-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or five,<sup id="cite_ref-60min_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60min-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was blind by the age of seven, likely as a result of <a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">glaucoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-boheme_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boheme-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Destitute, uneducated, and mourning the loss of her younger son, Aretha Robinson used her connections in the local community to find a school that would accept a blind African-American pupil. Despite his initial protest, Charles attended school at the <a href="/wiki/Florida_School_for_the_Deaf_and_the_Blind" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind">Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a> from 1937 to 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Autobio_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autobio-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles further developed his musical talent at school<sup id="cite_ref-boheme_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boheme-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was taught to play the <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a> piano music of <a href="/wiki/J.S._Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="J.S. Bach">Bach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a>. His teacher, Mrs. Lawrence, taught him how to use <a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">braille music</a>, a difficult process that requires learning the left hand movements by reading braille with the right hand and learning the right hand movements by reading braille with the left hand, then combining the two parts. </p><p>Charles' mother died in the spring of 1945, when he was 14. Her death came as a shock to him; he later said the deaths of his brother and mother were "the two great tragedies" of his life. Charles decided not to return to school after the funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-Autobio_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autobio-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945–1952:_Florida,_Los_Angeles,_and_Seattle"><span id="1945.E2.80.931952:_Florida.2C_Los_Angeles.2C_and_Seattle"></span>1945–1952: Florida, Los Angeles, and Seattle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1945–1952: Florida, Los Angeles, and Seattle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After leaving school, Charles moved to <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville</a> to live with Charles Wayne Powell, who had been friends with his late mother. He played the piano for bands at the <a href="/wiki/Ritz_Theatre_(Jacksonville)" title="Ritz Theatre (Jacksonville)">Ritz Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/LaVilla,_Jacksonville,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="LaVilla, Jacksonville, Florida">LaVilla</a> for over a year,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> earning $4 a night (US$46, in 2023 value<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). He joined <a href="/wiki/Local_union" title="Local union">Local 632</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Musicians" title="American Federation of Musicians">American Federation of Musicians</a>, in the hope that it would help him get work,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was able to use the union hall's piano to practice, since he did not have one at home; he learned piano licks from copying the other players there.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He started to build a reputation as a talented musician in Jacksonville, but the jobs did not come fast enough for him to construct a strong identity, so, at age 16, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a>, where he lived in borderline poverty and went without food for days.<sup id="cite_ref-Winski_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winski-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles eventually started to write arrangements for a pop music band, and in the summer of 1947, he unsuccessfully auditioned to play piano for <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Millinder" title="Lucky Millinder">Lucky Millinder</a> and his sixteen-piece band.<sup id="cite_ref-Lydon_Riverhead_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lydon_Riverhead-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1947, Charles moved to <a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a>, where he held two jobs, including one as a pianist for Charles Brantley's Honey Dippers.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his early career, Charles modeled himself on <a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a>. His first four recordings—"Wondering and Wondering", "Walking and Talking", "Why Did You Go?" and "I Found My Baby There"—were allegedly done in Tampa, although some discographies claim he recorded them in Miami in 1951 or else Los Angeles in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-Lydon_Riverhead_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lydon_Riverhead-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles had always played piano for other people, but he was keen to have his own band. He decided to leave Florida for a large city, and, considering Chicago and New York City too big, followed his friend Gossie McKee to <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington, in March 1948, knowing that the biggest radio hits came from northern cities.<sup id="cite_ref-Lydon_Riverhead_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lydon_Riverhead-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-boheme2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boheme2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There he met and befriended, under the tutelage of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blackwell" title="Robert Blackwell">Robert Blackwell</a>, the 15-year-old <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With Charles on piano, McKee on guitar, and Milton Garred on bass, <i>The McSon Trio</i> (named for <i><b>Mc</b></i>Kee and Robin<i><b>son</b></i>) started playing the 1–5 A.M. shift at the Rocking Chair.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Publicity photos of this trio are some of the earliest known photographs of Charles. In April 1949, he and his band recorded "<a href="/wiki/Confession_Blues" title="Confession Blues">Confession Blues</a>", which became his first national hit, soaring to the second spot on the Billboard R&B chart.<sup id="cite_ref-Lydon_Riverhead_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lydon_Riverhead-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While still working at the Rocking Chair, Charles also arranged songs for other artists, including <a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a>'s "Ghost of a Chance" and <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a>'s "Emanon".<sup id="cite_ref-Winski_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winski-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the success of his first two singles, Charles moved to Los Angeles in 1950 and spent the next few years touring with the blues musician <a href="/wiki/Lowell_Fulson" title="Lowell Fulson">Lowell Fulson</a> as Fulson's musical director.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_death_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_death-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1950, Charles' performance in a Miami hotel impressed <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stone" title="Henry Stone">Henry Stone</a>, who went on to record a Ray Charles Rockin' record, which did not achieve popularity. During his stay in Miami, Charles was required to stay in the <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">segregated</a> but thriving black community of <a href="/wiki/Overtown_(Miami)" title="Overtown (Miami)">Overtown</a>. Stone later helped <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Wexler" title="Jerry Wexler">Jerry Wexler</a> find Charles in <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After signing with <a href="/wiki/Swing_Time_Records" title="Swing Time Records">Swing Time Records</a>, Charles recorded two more R&B hits under the name Ray Charles: "Baby, Let Me Hold Your Hand" (1951), which reached No. 5, and "Kissa Me Baby" (1952), which reached No. 8. Swing Time folded the following year, and <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Ertegun" title="Ahmet Ertegun">Ahmet Ertegun</a> signed Charles to <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-boheme_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boheme-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to being a musician, Charles was also a record producer, producing <a href="/wiki/Guitar_Slim" title="Guitar Slim">Guitar Slim</a>'s number 1 hit, "<a href="/wiki/The_Things_That_I_Used_to_Do" title="The Things That I Used to Do">The Things That I Used to Do</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1952–1959:_Atlantic_Records"><span id="1952.E2.80.931959:_Atlantic_Records"></span>1952–1959: Atlantic Records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1952–1959: Atlantic Records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aankomst_Ray_Charles_(kop)_op_Schiphol,_Bestanddeelnr_921-7410.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aankomst_Ray_Charles_%28kop%29_op_Schiphol%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-7410.jpg/250px-Aankomst_Ray_Charles_%28kop%29_op_Schiphol%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-7410.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aankomst_Ray_Charles_%28kop%29_op_Schiphol%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-7410.jpg/375px-Aankomst_Ray_Charles_%28kop%29_op_Schiphol%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-7410.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Aankomst_Ray_Charles_%28kop%29_op_Schiphol%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-7410.jpg/500px-Aankomst_Ray_Charles_%28kop%29_op_Schiphol%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-7410.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3684" data-file-height="2437" /></a><figcaption>Charles in 1968</figcaption></figure> <p>In June 1952, Atlantic bought Charles' contract for $2,500 (US$28,684 in 2023 dollars<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first recording session for Atlantic ("The Midnight Hour"/"Roll with My Baby") took place in September 1952, although his last Swing Time release ("Misery in My Heart"/"The Snow Is Falling") would not appear until February 1953. </p><p>In 1953, "<a href="/wiki/Mess_Around" title="Mess Around">Mess Around</a>" became his first small hit for Atlantic; during the next year, he had hits with "<a href="/wiki/It_Should%27ve_Been_Me_(Memphis_Curtis_song)" title="It Should've Been Me (Memphis Curtis song)">It Should've Been Me</a>" and "Don't You Know".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also recorded the songs "Midnight Hour" and "Sinner's Prayer" around this time. </p><p>Late in 1954, Charles recorded "<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Got_a_Woman" class="mw-redirect" title="I've Got a Woman">I've Got a Woman</a>". The lyrics were written by bandleader Renald Richard. Charles claimed the composition. They later admitted that the song went back to <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Southern_Tones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Southern Tones (page does not exist)">the Southern Tones</a>' "It Must Be Jesus" (1954). It became one of his most notable hits, reaching No. 2 on the R&B chart.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "I've Got a Woman" combined <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> elements. In 1955, he had hits with "<a href="/wiki/This_Little_Girl_of_Mine" title="This Little Girl of Mine">This Little Girl of Mine</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/A_Fool_for_You" title="A Fool for You">A Fool for You</a>". In upcoming years, hits included "<a href="/wiki/Drown_in_My_Own_Tears" title="Drown in My Own Tears">Drown in My Own Tears</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Hallelujah_I_Love_Her_So" title="Hallelujah I Love Her So">Hallelujah I Love Her So</a>". </p><p>Charles also recorded jazz, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Ray_Charles" title="The Great Ray Charles">The Great Ray Charles</a></i> (1957). He worked with vibraphonist <a href="/wiki/Milt_Jackson" title="Milt Jackson">Milt Jackson</a>, releasing <i><a href="/wiki/Soul_Brothers" title="Soul Brothers">Soul Brothers</a></i> in 1958 and <i><a href="/wiki/Soul_Meeting" title="Soul Meeting">Soul Meeting</a></i> in 1961. By 1958, he was not only headlining major black venues such as the <a href="/wiki/The_Apollo_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="The Apollo Theater">Apollo Theater</a> in New York, but also larger venues such as <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Newport_Jazz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="The Newport Jazz Festival">Newport Jazz Festival</a>, where his first live album was recorded in 1958. He hired a female singing group, <a href="/wiki/The_Cookies" title="The Cookies">the Cookies</a>, and renamed them <a href="/wiki/The_Raelettes" title="The Raelettes">the Raelettes</a>. In 1958, Charles and the Raelettes performed for the famed <a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_of_Jazz" title="Cavalcade of Jazz">Cavalcade of Jazz</a> concert produced by <a href="/wiki/Leon_Hefflin,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Leon Hefflin, Sr.">Leon Hefflin Sr.</a> held at the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_Auditorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine Auditorium">Shrine Auditorium</a> on August 3. The other headliners were <a href="/wiki/Little_Willie_John" title="Little Willie John">Little Willie John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Freeman" title="Ernie Freeman">Ernie Freeman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bo_Rhambo" title="Bo Rhambo">Bo Rhambo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a> was also there to crown the winner of the Miss Cavalcade of Jazz beauty contest. The event featured the top four prominent disc jockeys of Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles reached the pinnacle of his success at Atlantic with the release of "What'd I Say", which combined gospel, jazz, blues and Latin music. Charles said he wrote it spontaneously while he was performing in clubs with his band. Despite some radio stations banning the song because of its sexually suggestive lyrics, the song became Charles' first top-ten pop record. It reached No. 6 on the <i>Billboard</i> Pop chart and No. 1 on the <i>Billboard</i> R&B chart in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, he released his first country song (a cover of <a href="/wiki/Hank_Snow" title="Hank Snow">Hank Snow</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Moving_On_(Hank_Snow_song)" title="I'm Moving On (Hank Snow song)">I'm Movin' On</a>") and recorded three more albums for the label: a jazz record (<i>The Genius After Hours</i>, 1961); a blues record (<i>The Genius Sings the Blues</i>, 1961); and a big band record (<i>The Genius of Ray Charles</i>, 1959) which was his first Top 40 album, peaking at No. 17. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1959–1971:_Crossover_success"><span id="1959.E2.80.931971:_Crossover_success"></span>1959–1971: Crossover success</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1959–1971: Crossover success"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/What%27d_I_Say" title="What'd I Say">What'd I Say</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_Sounds_in_Country_and_Western_Music" title="Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music">Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music</a></div> <p>Charles' contract with Atlantic expired in 1959, and several big labels offered him record deals. Choosing not to renegotiate his contract with Atlantic, he signed with <a href="/wiki/ABC_Records" title="ABC Records">ABC-Paramount</a> in November 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-linernotes_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linernotes-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He obtained a more liberal contract than other artists had at the time, with ABC offering him a $50,000 (US$522,603 in 2023 dollars<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) annual advance, higher royalties than before, and eventual ownership of his <a href="/wiki/Master_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Master tape">master tapes</a>—a very valuable and lucrative deal at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his Atlantic years, Charles had been hailed for his inventive compositions, but by the time of the release of the largely instrumental jazz album <i><a href="/wiki/Genius_%2B_Soul_%3D_Jazz" title="Genius + Soul = Jazz">Genius + Soul = Jazz</a></i> (1960) for ABC's subsidiary label <a href="/wiki/Impulse!_Records" title="Impulse! Records">Impulse!</a>, he had given up on writing in favor of becoming a <a href="/wiki/Cover_band" title="Cover band">cover artist</a>, giving his own eclectic arrangements of existing songs.<sup id="cite_ref-times_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With "<a href="/wiki/Georgia_on_My_Mind" title="Georgia on My Mind">Georgia on My Mind</a>", his first hit single for ABC-Paramount in 1960, Charles received national acclaim and four <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Awards</a>, including two for "Georgia on My Mind" (<a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Vocal_Performance,_Male" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Vocal Performance, Male">Best Vocal Performance Single Record or Track, Male</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Contemporary_Song" title="Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Song">Best Performance by a Pop Single Artist</a>). Written by <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Gorrell" title="Stuart Gorrell">Stuart Gorrell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hoagy_Carmichael" title="Hoagy Carmichael">Hoagy Carmichael</a>, the song was Charles' first work with <a href="/wiki/Sid_Feller" title="Sid Feller">Sid Feller</a>, who produced, arranged and conducted the recording.<sup id="cite_ref-times_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles' rendition of the tune helped elevate it to the status of an American classic, and his version also became the state song of Georgia in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ray_Charles_260971neu000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ray_Charles_260971neu000.jpg/250px-Ray_Charles_260971neu000.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ray_Charles_260971neu000.jpg/375px-Ray_Charles_260971neu000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ray_Charles_260971neu000.jpg/500px-Ray_Charles_260971neu000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3907" data-file-height="2524" /></a><figcaption>Charles in 1971</figcaption></figure> <p>Charles earned another Grammy for the follow-up track "<a href="/wiki/Hit_the_Road_Jack" title="Hit the Road Jack">Hit the Road Jack</a>", written by R&B singer <a href="/wiki/Percy_Mayfield" title="Percy Mayfield">Percy Mayfield</a>. </p><p>By late 1961, Charles had expanded his small road ensemble to a <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a>, partly as a response to increasing royalties and touring fees, becoming one of the few black artists to cross over into mainstream pop with such a level of creative control.<sup id="cite_ref-times_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cooper20_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cooper20-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This success, however, came to a momentary halt during a concert tour in November 1961, when a police search of Charles' hotel room in Indianapolis, Indiana, led to the discovery of heroin in the medicine cabinet. The case was eventually dropped, as the search lacked a proper <a href="/wiki/Warrant_(law)" title="Warrant (law)">warrant</a> by the police, and Charles soon returned to music.<sup id="cite_ref-cooper20_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cooper20-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1960s, on the way from Louisiana to <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a>, Charles faced a near-death experience when the pilot of his plane lost visibility, as snow and his failure to use the defroster caused the windshield of the plane to become completely covered in ice. The pilot made a few circles in the air before he was finally able to see through a small part of the windshield and land the plane. Charles placed a spiritual interpretation on the experience, claiming that "something or someone which instruments cannot detect" was responsible for creating the small opening in the ice on the windshield which enabled the pilot to eventually land the plane safely.<sup id="cite_ref-Autobio_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autobio-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1962 album <i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Sounds_in_Country_and_Western_Music" title="Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music">Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its sequel, <i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Sounds_in_Country_and_Western_Music_Volume_Two" title="Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume Two">Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, Vol. 2</a></i>, helped to bring <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> into the musical mainstream. Charles' version of the <a href="/wiki/Don_Gibson" title="Don Gibson">Don Gibson</a> song "<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Stop_Loving_You" title="I Can't Stop Loving You">I Can't Stop Loving You</a>" topped the Pop chart for five weeks, stayed at No. 1 on the R&B chart for ten weeks, and gave him his only number-one record in the UK. In 1962, he founded his record label, <a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Records_(1963)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangerine Records (1963)">Tangerine</a>, which ABC-Paramount promoted and distributed.<sup id="cite_ref-Autobio_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autobio-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 248">: 248 </span></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Lydon_Riverhead_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lydon_Riverhead-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 213–16">: 213–16 </span></sup> He had major pop hits in 1963 with "<a href="/wiki/Busted_(Harlan_Howard_song)" title="Busted (Harlan Howard song)">Busted</a>" (US No. 4) and "<a href="/wiki/Take_These_Chains_from_My_Heart" title="Take These Chains from My Heart">Take These Chains from My Heart</a>" (US No. 8).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1964, <a href="/wiki/Margie_Hendrix" title="Margie Hendrix">Margie Hendrix</a> was kicked out of the Raelettes after a big argument. </p><p>In 1964, Charles' career was halted once more after he was arrested for a third time for possession of heroin.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He agreed to go to a rehabilitative facility to avoid jail time and eventually kicked his habit at a clinic in Los Angeles. After spending a year on parole, Charles reappeared in the charts in 1966 with a series of hits composed with <a href="/wiki/Ashford_%26_Simpson" title="Ashford & Simpson">Ashford & Simpson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jo_Armstead" title="Jo Armstead">Jo Armstead</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the dance number "<a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Need_No_Doctor" title="I Don't Need No Doctor">I Don't Need No Doctor</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Go_Get_Stoned" title="Let's Go Get Stoned">Let's Go Get Stoned</a>", which became his first number-one R&B hit in several years. His cover version of "<a href="/wiki/Crying_Time" title="Crying Time">Crying Time</a>", originally recorded by country singer <a href="/wiki/Buck_Owens" title="Buck Owens">Buck Owens</a>, reached No. 6 on the pop chart and helped Charles win a Grammy Award the following March. In 1967, he had a top-twenty hit with another ballad, "<a href="/wiki/Here_We_Go_Again_(Ray_Charles_song)" title="Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)">Here We Go Again</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1971–1983:_Commercial_decline"><span id="1971.E2.80.931983:_Commercial_decline"></span>1971–1983: Commercial decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1971–1983: Commercial decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nixon_meeting_with_Ray_Charles_in_the_oval_office_-_NARA_-_194452.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Color photo of Nixon and Ray Charles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Nixon_meeting_with_Ray_Charles_in_the_oval_office_-_NARA_-_194452.tif/lossy-page1-250px-Nixon_meeting_with_Ray_Charles_in_the_oval_office_-_NARA_-_194452.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Nixon_meeting_with_Ray_Charles_in_the_oval_office_-_NARA_-_194452.tif/lossy-page1-375px-Nixon_meeting_with_Ray_Charles_in_the_oval_office_-_NARA_-_194452.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Nixon_meeting_with_Ray_Charles_in_the_oval_office_-_NARA_-_194452.tif/lossy-page1-500px-Nixon_meeting_with_Ray_Charles_in_the_oval_office_-_NARA_-_194452.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2958" data-file-height="1971" /></a><figcaption>Charles meeting with President Richard Nixon, 1972 (photo by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_F._Atkins" title="Oliver F. Atkins">Oliver F. Atkins</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Charles' renewed chart success, however, proved to be short lived, and by the 1970s his music was rarely played on radio stations. The rise of <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelic rock</a> and harder forms of rock and R&B music had reduced Charles' radio appeal, as did his choosing to record pop standards and covers of contemporary rock and soul hits, since his earnings from owning his master tapes had taken away the motivation to write new material. Charles nonetheless continued to have an active recording career. Most of his recordings between 1968 and 1973 evoked strong reactions: either adored or panned by fans and critics alike.<sup id="cite_ref-boheme_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boheme-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His recordings during this period, especially 1972's <i><a href="/wiki/A_Message_from_the_People" title="A Message from the People">A Message from the People</a></i>, moved toward the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_soul" title="Progressive soul">progressive soul</a> sound popular at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>A Message from the People</i> included his unique gospel-influenced version of "<a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful" title="America the Beautiful">America the Beautiful</a>" and a number of protest songs about poverty and civil rights. Charles was often criticized for his version of "America the Beautiful" because it was very drastically changed from the song's original version. On July 14, 1973, <a href="/wiki/Margie_Hendrix" title="Margie Hendrix">Margie Hendrix</a>, the mother of Ray's son Charles Wayne Hendrix, died at 38 years old, which led to Ray having to care for the child. The official cause of her death is unknown. </p><p>In 1974, Charles left ABC Records and recorded several albums on his own label, Crossover Records. A 1975 recording of Stevie Wonder's hit "<a href="/wiki/Living_for_the_City" title="Living for the City">Living for the City</a>" later helped Charles win another Grammy. In 1977, he reunited with Ahmet Ertegun and re-signed to Atlantic Records, for which he recorded the album <i><a href="/wiki/True_to_Life_(Ray_Charles_album)" title="True to Life (Ray Charles album)">True to Life</a></i>, remaining with his old label until 1980. However, the label had now begun to focus on rock acts, and some of their prominent soul artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a>, were starting to be neglected. In November 1977 he appeared as the host of the NBC television show <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1979, his version of "Georgia on My Mind" was proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/State_song" class="mw-redirect" title="State song">state song</a> of Georgia, and an emotional Charles performed the song on the floor of the state legislature. In 1980 Charles performed in the musical film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blues_Brothers_(film)" title="The Blues Brothers (film)">The Blues Brothers</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-boheme_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boheme-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he had notably supported the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Civil Rights Movement">American Civil Rights Movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> in the 1960s, Charles was criticized for performing at the <a href="/wiki/Sun_City,_North_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun City, North West">Sun City</a> resort in South Africa in 1981 during an international boycott protesting that country's <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> policy. He later defended his choice of performing there, insisting that the audience of black and white fans would integrate while he was there.<sup id="cite_ref-boheme_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boheme-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1983–2004:_Later_years"><span id="1983.E2.80.932004:_Later_years"></span>1983–2004: Later years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1983–2004: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1983, Charles signed a contract with <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a>. He recorded a string of country albums and had hit singles in duets with singers such as <a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/B._J._Thomas" title="B. J. Thomas">B. J. Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Gilley" title="Mickey Gilley">Mickey Gilley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams_Jr." title="Hank Williams Jr.">Hank Williams Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dee_Dee_Bridgewater" title="Dee Dee Bridgewater">Dee Dee Bridgewater</a> ("Precious Thing") and his longtime friend <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a>, with whom he recorded "<a href="/wiki/Seven_Spanish_Angels" title="Seven Spanish Angels">Seven Spanish Angels</a>". </p><p> In 1985, Charles participated in the musical recording and video "<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_World" title="We Are the World">We Are the World</a>", a charity single recorded by the supergroup United Support of Artists (USA) for Africa.</p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ray_Charles_FIJM_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ray_Charles_FIJM_2003.jpg/250px-Ray_Charles_FIJM_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ray_Charles_FIJM_2003.jpg/375px-Ray_Charles_FIJM_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ray_Charles_FIJM_2003.jpg/500px-Ray_Charles_FIJM_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>Charles at the 2003 <a href="/wiki/Montreal_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreal International Jazz Festival">Montreal International Jazz Festival</a>, one of his last public performances</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1990 he participated for the first time in the <a href="/wiki/Sanremo_Music_Festival" title="Sanremo Music Festival">Sanremo Music Festival</a> with song <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Love_Gone_Bad" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Love Gone Bad">Good Love Gone Bad</a></i>, written by <a href="/wiki/Toto_Cutugno" title="Toto Cutugno">Toto Cutugno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the release of his first album for Warner, <i>Would You Believe</i>, Charles made a return to the R&B charts with a cover of the <a href="/wiki/The_Brothers_Johnson" title="The Brothers Johnson">Brothers Johnson</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Be_Good_to_You" title="I'll Be Good to You">I'll Be Good to You</a>", a duet with his lifelong friend Quincy Jones and the singer <a href="/wiki/Chaka_Khan" title="Chaka Khan">Chaka Khan</a>, which hit number one on the R&B chart in 1990 and won Charles and Khan a Grammy for their duet. Prior to this, Charles returned to the pop charts with "<a href="/wiki/Baby_Grand" title="Baby Grand">Baby Grand</a>", a duet with singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a>. In 1989, he recorded a cover of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_All_Stars" title="Southern All Stars">Southern All Stars</a>' "Itoshi no Ellie" for a Japanese TV advertisement for the <a href="/wiki/Suntory" title="Suntory">Suntory</a> brand, releasing it in Japan as "Ellie My Love", where it reached No.<span class="nowrap"> </span>3 on its <a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon</a> chart.<sup id="cite_ref-oricon89_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oricon89-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year he was a special guest at the <a href="/wiki/Arena_di_Verona" class="mw-redirect" title="Arena di Verona">Arena di Verona</a> during the tour promoting <i><a href="/wiki/Oro_Incenso_%26_Birra" title="Oro Incenso & Birra">Oro Incenso & Birra</a></i> of the Italian singer <a href="/wiki/Zucchero_Fornaciari" title="Zucchero Fornaciari">Zucchero Fornaciari</a>. </p><p>In 2001–02, Charles appeared in commercials for the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Lottery" title="New Jersey Lottery">New Jersey Lottery</a> to promote its campaign "For every dream, there's a jackpot." </p><p>In 2003, he headlined the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Correspondents%27_Association#White_House_Correspondents'_dinner" title="White House Correspondents' Association">White House Correspondents' Association Dinner</a> in Washington, D.C., attended by President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2003, Charles presented <a href="/wiki/Van_Morrison" title="Van Morrison">Van Morrison</a> with Morrison's award upon being inducted in the <a href="/wiki/Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Songwriters Hall of Fame">Songwriters Hall of Fame</a>, and the two sang Morrison's song "<a href="/wiki/Crazy_Love_(Van_Morrison_song)" title="Crazy Love (Van Morrison song)">Crazy Love</a>" (the performance appears on Morrison's 2007 album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Van_Morrison_Volume_3" title="The Best of Van Morrison Volume 3">The Best of Van Morrison Volume 3</a></i>). In 2003, Charles performed "Georgia on My Mind" and "America the Beautiful" at a televised annual banquet of electronic media journalists held in Washington, D.C. His final public appearance was on April 30, 2004, at the dedication of his music studio as a historic landmark in Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-boheme_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boheme-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_music_industry">Influence on music industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Influence on music industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles possessed one of the most recognizable voices in American music. In the words of musicologist <a href="/wiki/Henry_Pleasants_(music_critic)" title="Henry Pleasants (music critic)">Henry Pleasants</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Sinatra, and Bing Crosby before him, had been masters of words. Ray Charles is a master of sounds. His records disclose an extraordinary assortment of slurs, glides, turns, shrieks, wails, breaks, shouts, screams and hollers, all wonderfully controlled, disciplined by inspired musicianship, and harnessed to ingenious subtleties of harmony, dynamics and rhythm... It is either the singing of a man whose vocabulary is inadequate to express what is in his heart and mind or of one whose feelings are too intense for satisfactory verbal or conventionally melodic articulation. He can't tell it to you. He can't even sing it to you. He has to cry out to you, or shout to you, in tones eloquent of despair—or exaltation. The voice alone, with little assistance from the text or the notated music, conveys the message.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Pleasants continues, "Ray Charles is usually described as a baritone, and his speaking voice would suggest as much, as would the difficulty he experiences in reaching and sustaining the baritone's high E and F in a popular ballad. But the voice undergoes some sort of transfiguration under stress, and in music of gospel or blues character he can and does sing for measures on end in the high tenor range of A, B flat, B, C and even C sharp and D, sometimes in full voice, sometimes in an ecstatic head voice, sometimes in falsetto. In falsetto he continues up to E and F above high C. On one extraordinary record, 'I'm Going Down to the River'...he hits an incredible B flat...giving him an overall range, including the falsetto extension, of at least three octaves." </p><p>His style and success in the genres of rhythm and blues and jazz had an influence on a number of highly successful artists, including, as Jon Pareles has noted, <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Van_Morrison" title="Van Morrison">Van Morrison</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other singers who have acknowledged Charles' influence on their own styles include <a href="/wiki/James_Booker" title="James Booker">James Booker</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-russell_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russell-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Winwood" title="Steve Winwood">Steve Winwood</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Manuel" title="Richard Manuel">Richard Manuel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Allman" title="Gregg Allman">Gregg Allman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Joe Levy, a music editor for <i>Rolling Stone</i>, "The hit records he made for Atlantic in the mid-1950s mapped out everything that would happen to rock 'n' roll and soul music in the years that followed."<sup id="cite_ref-times_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles was also an inspiration to <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> member <a href="/wiki/Roger_Waters" title="Roger Waters">Roger Waters</a>, who told the Turkish newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet" title="Hürriyet">Hürriyet</a></i>: "I was about 15. In the middle of the night with friends, we were listening to jazz. It was "<a href="/wiki/Georgia_on_My_Mind" title="Georgia on My Mind">Georgia on My Mind</a>", Ray Charles' version. Then I thought 'One day, if I make some people feel only one-twentieth of what I am feeling now, it will be quite enough for me.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_(film)" title="Ray (film)">Ray</a></i>, a biopic portraying his life and career between the mid-1930s and 1979, was released in October 2004, starring <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Foxx" title="Jamie Foxx">Jamie Foxx</a> as Charles. Foxx won the <a href="/wiki/77th_Academy_Awards" title="77th Academy Awards">2005</a> <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Academy Award for Best Actor</a> for the role. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Year</b> </td> <td><b>Award/Honor</b> </td> <td><b>Category/Recognition</b> </td> <td><b>Notable Works or Details</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1959</b> </td> <td>"What'd I Say" </td> <td>Major Crossover Hit </td> <td>#1 on R&B charts, #6 on Billboard Hot 100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1960</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Award</a> </td> <td>Best Rhythm & Blues Performance </td> <td>Song: "Let the Good Times Roll" </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1960</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Best Male Vocal Performance, Pop </td> <td>Song: "Georgia on My Mind" </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1960</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Best Performance by a Pop Single Artist </td> <td>Song: "Georgia on My Mind" </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1961</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Best Male Vocal Performance, R&B </td> <td>Song: "Hit the Road Jack" </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1961</b> </td> <td>Playboy Award </td> <td>Best Male Vocalist, Jazz and Pop </td> <td>Recognition from Playboy magazine </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1962</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Best Male Solo Vocal Performance </td> <td>Song: "I Can’t Stop Loving You" </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1962</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Best Rhythm & Blues Recording </td> <td>Song: "I Can’t Stop Loving You" </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1962</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Best Male Pop Vocal Performance </td> <td>Song: "I Can’t Stop Loving You" </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1963</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Best Rhythm & Blues Recording </td> <td>Song: "Busted" </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1963</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Best Vocal Performance, Male </td> <td>Song: "Busted" </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1965</b> </td> <td>Playboy Award </td> <td>Best Male Vocalist, Jazz </td> <td>Recognition from Playboy magazine </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1967</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Best R&B Solo Vocal Performance, Male or Female </td> <td>Song: "Crying Time" </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1971</b> </td> <td>Playboy Award </td> <td>Best Pop and R&B Vocalist </td> <td>Recognition from Playboy magazine </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1973</b> </td> <td>Academy of Country Music (ACM) Awards </td> <td>Duo of the Year (with Willie Nelson) </td> <td>Collaboration on "Seven Spanish Angels" </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1975</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">Academy of Achievement</a>’s Golden Plate Award </td> <td>For distinguished career in music </td> <td>Celebrated for career achievements </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1976</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Association_Awards" title="Country Music Association Awards">Country Music Association (CMA) Awards</a> </td> <td>Album of the Year (with Willie Nelson) </td> <td>Ray Charles & Willie Nelson: Best of Friends </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1981</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Star on Walk of Fame</a> </td> <td>Recognized for his contributions to entertainment </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1986</b> </td> <td>Rock and Roll Hall of Fame </td> <td>Inductee (Inaugural Class) </td> <td>One of the first musicians inducted </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1986</b> </td> <td>Medal of Commander </td> <td>The Order of Arts and Letters </td> <td>Commander of Fine Arts and Letters <p><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1986</b> </td> <td>Kennedy Center Honors </td> <td>Lifetime Achievement in Arts </td> <td>Celebrated as a cultural icon and pioneer in music </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1987</b> </td> <td>President’s Merit Award </td> <td>Recognition by the Recording Academy </td> <td>Honored for contributions to music </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1988</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a> </td> <td>Lifetime Achievement </td> <td>Celebrated for career achievements </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1990</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Male </td> <td>Song: "I'll Be Good to You" (with Chaka Khan) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1990</b> </td> <td>Honorary Doctorate - University of South Florida </td> <td>Doctor of Fine Arts </td> <td>Recognized for his influence on arts and culture </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1991</b> </td> <td>Rhythm & Blues Foundation Pioneer Award </td> <td>Inductee </td> <td>Recognized for contributions to R&B music </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1991</b> </td> <td>George and Ira Gershwin Award </td> <td>Lifetime Musical Achievement Award at UCLA Spring Sing </td> <td>Honored for his lasting musical legacy </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1993</b> </td> <td>National Medal of Arts </td> <td>Presented by President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> </td> <td>Highest U.S. award for artistic achievement </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1993</b> </td> <td>Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award </td> <td>Lifetime Achievement </td> <td>Recognition of his lifetime contributions </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1998</b> </td> <td>Polar Music Prize </td> <td>Awarded with <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a> </td> <td>Sweden’s most prestigious award, presented by the King & Queen </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2001</b> </td> <td>Candle Award from Morehouse College </td> <td>Lifetime Achievement in Arts and Entertainment </td> <td>Recognized for his contributions to arts and education </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2001</b> </td> <td>Honorary Doctorate - Morehouse College </td> <td>Doctor of Humane Letters </td> <td>$2 million donation to fund music education </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2003</b> </td> <td>Honorary Doctorate - Dillard University </td> <td>Doctor of Humane Letters </td> <td>Endowed a professorship in African-American culinary history </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2004</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Best Gospel Performance </td> <td>Song: "Heaven Help Us All" (with Gladys Knight) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2004</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalists </td> <td>Song: "Here We Go Again" (with Norah Jones) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2004</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Record of the Year </td> <td>Song: "Here We Go Again" (with Norah Jones) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2004</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Album of the Year </td> <td>Album: Genius Loves Company </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2004</b> </td> <td>Grammy Award </td> <td>Best Pop Vocal Album </td> <td>Album: Genius Loves Company </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2004</b> </td> <td>Google Doodle Tribute </td> <td>Commemorated on his 74th birthday </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2004</b> </td> <td>National Black Sports & Entertainment Hall of Fame </td> <td>Inductee </td> <td>Honored for achievements in entertainment </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2005</b> </td> <td>Grammy Awards Dedication </td> <td>Grammy Awards dedicated to Charles </td> <td>Tribute after his passing </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2010</b> </td> <td>Ray Charles Performing Arts Center </td> <td>Facility named at Morehouse College </td> <td>$20 million facility established for arts education </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2013</b> </td> <td>USPS Forever Stamp </td> <td>Part of the Musical Icons series </td> <td>Recognized as an American music icon </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2013</b> </td> <td>Rolling Stone </td> <td>#10 on “100 Greatest Artists of All Time” </td> <td>Recognized among music legends </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2013</b> </td> <td>Rolling Stone </td> <td>#2 on “100 Greatest Singers of All Time” </td> <td>Praised for vocal prowess and influence </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2015</b> </td> <td>Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame </td> <td>Inductee </td> <td>Honored for his influence on R&B music </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2016</b> </td> <td>"A Tribute to Ray Charles: In Performance at the White House"<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-pbss-tribute-ray-charles-performance-the-white-house">[1]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/ray-charles-returns-white-house-180958135/">[2]</a> </td> <td>Statement on "America the Beautiful" and performance by <a href="/wiki/Usher_(musician)" title="Usher (musician)">Usher</a> "Georgia on My Mind" </td> <td>A Smithsonian Salute broadcast on <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. Obama praised his rendition as deeply patriotic </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2022</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum">Country Music Hall of Fame</a> </td> <td>Inductee (Posthumous) </td> <td>Third African-American inducted, honored for country influence </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ray_Charles_star_on_Hollywood_Blvd_IMG_6636_photo_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ray_Charles_star_on_Hollywood_Blvd_IMG_6636_photo_2023.jpg/175px-Ray_Charles_star_on_Hollywood_Blvd_IMG_6636_photo_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ray_Charles_star_on_Hollywood_Blvd_IMG_6636_photo_2023.jpg/263px-Ray_Charles_star_on_Hollywood_Blvd_IMG_6636_photo_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ray_Charles_star_on_Hollywood_Blvd_IMG_6636_photo_2023.jpg/350px-Ray_Charles_star_on_Hollywood_Blvd_IMG_6636_photo_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3048" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Star honoring Charles on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>, at 6777 Hollywood Boulevard</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> In 1975, Ray Charles was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a> and presented with the Golden Plate Award and the Academy of Achievement gold medal.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1979, Charles was one of the first musicians born in the state to be inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Georgia Music Hall of Fame">Georgia Music Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gamusichall1979_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamusichall1979-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His version of "Georgia on My Mind" was also made the official state song of the state of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-State_Song_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-State_Song-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1981, he was given a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, he was one of the first inductees to the <a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock & Roll Hall of Fame">Rock & Roll Hall of Fame</a> at its inaugural ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also received the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a> in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles won 17 <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Awards</a> from his 37 nominations.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, he was inducted to the <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_%26_Blues_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm & Blues Foundation">Rhythm & Blues Foundation</a> and was presented with the <a href="/wiki/UCLA_Spring_Sing_The_George_and_Ira_Gershwin_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA Spring Sing The George and Ira Gershwin Award">George and Ira Gershwin Award</a> for Lifetime Musical Achievement during the 1991 <a href="/wiki/UCLA_Spring_Sing" title="UCLA Spring Sing">UCLA Spring Sing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UCLA_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCLA-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, he was given an honorary doctorate of fine arts by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Florida" title="University of South Florida">University of South Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998 he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Polar_Music_Prize" title="Polar Music Prize">Polar Music Prize</a>, together with <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm,_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm, Sweden">Stockholm, Sweden</a>. In 2004 he was inducted to the National Black Sports & Entertainment Hall of Fame.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards_of_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Awards of 2005">Grammy Awards of 2005</a> were dedicated to Charles. </p><p>In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Morehouse_College" title="Morehouse College">Morehouse College</a> honored Charles with the Candle Award for Lifetime Achievement in Arts and Entertainment,<sup id="cite_ref-honorees_morehouse_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-honorees_morehouse-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later that same year granted him an honorary doctor of humane letters.<sup id="cite_ref-RC-Morehouse_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RC-Morehouse-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles donated $2 million to Morehouse "to fund, educate and inspire the next generation of musical pioneers".<sup id="cite_ref-RC-Morehouse_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RC-Morehouse-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, Charles was awarded an honorary degree by <a href="/wiki/Dillard_University" title="Dillard University">Dillard University</a>, and upon his death he endowed a professorship of African-American culinary history at the school, the first such chair in the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 22, 2004, Ray Charles was honored with a <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a> on what would have been his 74th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was one of the first Doodles for one's birthday. </p><p>In 2010, a $20 million, 76,000 sq ft (7,100 m<sup>2</sup>) facility named the Ray Charles Performing Arts Center and Music Academic Building, opened at Morehouse.<sup id="cite_ref-ribbon_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ribbon-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> issued a forever stamp honoring Charles, as part of its Musical Icons series, on September 23, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, Charles was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_Blues_Music_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame">Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> wrote via his press secretary, "Ray Charles's version of "<a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful" title="America the Beautiful">America the Beautiful</a>" will always be in my view the most patriotic piece of music ever performed."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Charles was posthumously inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Country Music Hall of Fame">Country Music Hall of Fame</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the third <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> to be inducted after <a href="/wiki/Charley_Pride" title="Charley Pride">Charley Pride</a> (2000) and <a href="/wiki/Deford_Bailey" class="mw-redirect" title="Deford Bailey">Deford Bailey</a> (2005). He was also the 13th person to be inducted into both the Country and Rock Halls of Fame.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contribution_to_civil_rights_movement">Contribution to civil rights movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Contribution to civil rights movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 15, 1961, shortly after the release of the hit song "Georgia on My Mind" (1960), the <a href="/wiki/Albany,_Georgia" title="Albany, Georgia">Albany, Georgia</a>-born musician was scheduled to perform at a dance at Bell Auditorium in <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Georgia" title="Augusta, Georgia">Augusta</a>, but cancelled the show after learning from students of <a href="/wiki/Paine_College" title="Paine College">Paine College</a> that the larger auditorium dance floor was restricted to whites, while blacks would be obliged to sit in the Music Hall balcony. Charles left town immediately after letting the public know why he would not be performing, but the promoter went on to sue Charles for breach of contract, and Charles was fined $757 in Fulton County Superior Court in Atlanta on June 14, 1962. The following year, Charles did perform at a desegregated Bell Auditorium concert together with his backup singers, <a href="/wiki/The_Raelettes" title="The Raelettes">the Raelettes</a>, on October 23, 1963, as depicted in the 2004 film, <i><a href="/wiki/Ray_(film)" title="Ray (film)">Ray</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 7, 2007, Ray Charles Plaza was opened in Albany, Georgia, with a revolving, lighted bronze sculpture of Charles seated at a <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UCLA_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCLA-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Ray_Charles_Foundation">The Ray Charles Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Ray Charles Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RayCharlesStatue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/42/RayCharlesStatue.jpg/200px-RayCharlesStatue.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/42/RayCharlesStatue.jpg/300px-RayCharlesStatue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/42/RayCharlesStatue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption>Statue by Andy Davis in Ray Charles Plaza in Albany, Georgia</figcaption></figure><p>Founded in 1986, the Ray Charles Foundation maintains the mission statement of financially supporting institutions and organizations in the research of hearing disorders.<sup id="cite_ref-Ray_Charles_Foundation:Mission_Statement_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray_Charles_Foundation:Mission_Statement-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally known as The Robinson Foundation for Hearing Disorders, it was renamed in 2006 and has provided financial donations to numerous institutions involved in hearing loss research and education.<sup id="cite_ref-Benedict_College_receives_$500,000_gift_from_the_Ray_Charles_Foundation_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benedict_College_receives_$500,000_gift_from_the_Ray_Charles_Foundation-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The purpose of the foundation has been "to administer funds for scientific, educational and charitable purposes; to encourage, promote and educate, through grants to institutions and organizations, as to the causes and cures for diseases and disabilities of the hearing impaired and to assist organizations and institutions in their social educational and academic advancement of programs for the youth, and carry on other charitable and educational activities associated with these goals as allowed by law."<sup id="cite_ref-Ray_Charles_Foundation_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray_Charles_Foundation-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recipients of donations include <a href="/wiki/Benedict_College" title="Benedict College">Benedict College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morehouse_College" title="Morehouse College">Morehouse College</a>, and other universities.<sup id="cite_ref-Morehouse_gets_$3_million_gift_from_Ray_Charles_Foundation_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morehouse_gets_$3_million_gift_from_Ray_Charles_Foundation-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foundation has taken action against donation recipients who do not use funds in accordance with its mission statement, such as the <a href="/wiki/Albany_State_University" title="Albany State University">Albany State University</a>, which was made to return a $3 million donation after not using the funds for over a decade.<sup id="cite_ref-Daily_News_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daily_News-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foundation houses its executive offices at the historic RPM International Building, originally the home of Ray Charles Enterprises and now also home to the Ray Charles Memorial Library on the first floor, which was founded on September 23, 2010 (what would have been his 80th birthday). The library was founded to "provide an avenue for young children to experience music and art in a way that will inspire their creativity and imagination", and is not open to the public without reservation, as the main goal is to educate mass groups of underprivileged youth and provide art and history to those without access to such documents.<sup id="cite_ref-Ray_Charles_Memorial_Library_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray_Charles_Memorial_Library-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles stated in his 1978 autobiography, <i>Brother Ray: Ray Charles' Own Story</i>, that he became hooked on women after losing his virginity at 12 years old to a woman about 20. "Cigarettes and smack [heroin] are the two truly addictive habits I've known. You might add women," he said. "My obsession centers on women—did then [when young] and does now. I can't leave them alone," he added.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationships_and_children">Relationships and children</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Relationships and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles was married twice. His first marriage lasted less than a year, his second 22 years. Throughout his life, Charles had many relationships with women, and he fathered a dozen children. </p><p>Charles was married to his first wife, Eileen Williams, from July 31, 1951 until sometime in 1952. </p><p>He met his second wife, Della Beatrice Howard Robinson (called "Bea" by Charles), in Texas in 1954. They married the following year, on April 5, 1955. Their first child, Ray Charles Robinson Jr., was born in 1955. Charles was not in town for the birth because he was playing a show in Texas. The couple had two more sons, David and Robert. They raised their children in <a href="/wiki/View_Park%E2%80%93Windsor_Hills,_California" title="View Park–Windsor Hills, California">View Park, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles felt that his heroin addiction took a toll on Della during their marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-Autobio_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autobio-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to his drug addiction, extramarital affairs on tours and volatile behavior, the marriage deteriorated and she filed for divorce in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles had a six-year-long affair with <a href="/wiki/Margie_Hendrix" title="Margie Hendrix">Margie Hendrix</a>, one of the original Raelettes, and in 1959 they had a son, Charles Wayne. His affair with Mae Mosley Lyles resulted in a daughter, Renee, born in 1961. In 1963, Charles had another daughter, Sheila Ray Charles, by Sandra Jean Betts. Sheila Raye, like her father, was a singer-songwriter; she died of breast cancer on June 15, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977, Charles had a child with his Parisian lover, Arlette Kotchounian, whom he had met ten years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles' longtime girlfriend and partner at the time of his death was Norma Pinella.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles fathered a total of 12 children with 10 different women:<sup id="cite_ref-:5_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Evelyn Robinson, born in 1949 (daughter with Louise Flowers)</li> <li>Ray Charles Robinson Jr., born May 25, 1955 (son with wife Della Bea Robinson)</li> <li>David Robinson, born in 1958 (son with wife Della Bea Robinson)</li> <li>Charles Wayne Hendricks, born on October 1, 1959 (son with Margie Hendricks, one of the Raelettes)<sup id="cite_ref-:3_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Robert Robinson, born in 1960 (son with wife Della Bea Robinson)</li> <li>Renee Robinson, born in 1961 (daughter with Mae Mosely Lyles)</li> <li>Sheila Robinson, born in 1963 (daughter with Sandra Jean Betts)</li> <li>Reatha Butler, born in 1966</li> <li>Alexandra Bertrand, born in 1968 (daughter with Mary-Chantal Bertrand)</li> <li>Vincent Kotchounian, born in 1977 (son with Arlette Kotchounian)</li> <li>Robyn Moffett, born in 1978 (daughter with Gloria Moffett)</li> <li>Ryan Corey Robinson den Bok, born in 1987 (son with Mary Anne den Bok)<sup id="cite_ref-:4_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Charles held a family luncheon for his 12 children in 2002, 10 of whom attended. He told them he was terminally ill and that $500,000 had been placed in trusts for each of them, to be paid out over the next five years.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_abuse_and_legal_problems">Drug abuse and legal problems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Drug abuse and legal problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At 18, Charles first tried <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a> when he played in McSon Trio and was eager to try it as he thought it helped musicians create music and tap into their <a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">creativity</a>. He later became addicted to <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a> for seventeen years.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles was first arrested in 1955, when he and his bandmates were caught backstage with loose marijuana and drug paraphernalia, including a burnt spoon, syringe, and needle. The arrest did not deter his drug use, which only escalated as he became more successful and made more money.<sup id="cite_ref-Lydon_Riverhead_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lydon_Riverhead-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1958, Charles was arrested on a <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> street corner for possession of narcotics and equipment for administering heroin.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles was arrested on a <a href="/wiki/Narcotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Narcotics">narcotics</a> charge on November 14, 1961, while waiting in an Indiana hotel room before a performance. The detectives seized heroin, marijuana, and other items.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles, then 31, said he had been a drug addict since the age of 16. The case was dismissed because of the manner in which the evidence was obtained,<sup id="cite_ref-pc16_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc16-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Charles' situation did not improve until a few years later. </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> 1964, Charles was arrested for possession of heroin at <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston's</a> <a href="/wiki/Logan_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Logan Airport">Logan Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He decided to quit heroin and entered St. Francis Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Lynwood,_California" title="Lynwood, California">Lynwood, California</a>, where he endured four days of <a href="/wiki/Cold_turkey" title="Cold turkey">cold turkey</a> withdrawal. Following his self-imposed stay, he pleaded guilty to four narcotic charges. Prosecutors called for two years in prison and a hefty fine, but the judge listened to Charles' psychiatrist, Dr. Hacker's account of Charles' determination to get off drugs and he was sent to <a href="/wiki/McLean_Hospital" title="McLean Hospital">McLean Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belmont,_Massachusetts" title="Belmont, Massachusetts">Belmont, Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McLean_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLean-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The judge offered to postpone the verdict for a year if Charles agreed to undergo regular examinations by government-appointed physicians. When Charles returned to court, he received a five-year <a href="/wiki/Suspended_sentence" title="Suspended sentence">suspended sentence</a>, four years of probation, and a fine of $10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles responded to the saga of his drug use and reform with the songs "<a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Need_No_Doctor" title="I Don't Need No Doctor">I Don't Need No Doctor</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Go_Get_Stoned" title="Let's Go Get Stoned">Let's Go Get Stoned</a>" and the release of <i><a href="/wiki/Crying_Time_(album)" title="Crying Time (album)">Crying Time</a></i>, his first album since kicking his heroin addiction in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chess_hobby">Chess hobby</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Chess hobby"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles enjoyed playing chess. As part of his therapy when he quit heroin, he met with psychiatrist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Hacker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Hacker (page does not exist)">Friedrich Hacker</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Hacker" class="extiw" title="de:Friedrich Hacker">de</a>]</span>, who taught him how to play chess.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He used a special board with raised squares and holes for the pieces. When questioned if people try to cheat against a blind man, he joked in reply, "You can't cheat in Chess... I'm gonna see that!"<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1991 concert, he referred to Willie Nelson as "my chess partner".<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, he played and lost to the American <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">grandmaster</a> and former U.S. champion <a href="/wiki/Larry_Evans_(chess_grandmaster)" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Evans (chess grandmaster)">Larry Evans</a>. When Evans complimented him for spotting a tactical trap he had set, Charles replied "Come on man, I play bad, but not <i>that</i> bad!"<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, Charles had successful hip replacement surgery and was planning to go back on tour, until he began having other ailments. He died on June 10, 2004, at age 73, of complications resulting from <a href="/wiki/Liver_failure" title="Liver failure">liver failure</a> at his home in <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_death_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_death-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His funeral was held at the <a href="/wiki/First_African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church_of_Los_Angeles" title="First African Methodist Episcopal Church of Los Angeles">First African Methodist Episcopal Church of Los Angeles</a> eight days later, with numerous musical figures in attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/B._B._King" title="B. B. King">B. B. King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a> each played a tribute at the funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-CBSdeath_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBSdeath-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was interred in the <a href="/wiki/Inglewood_Park_Cemetery" title="Inglewood Park Cemetery">Inglewood Park Cemetery</a>. </p><p>His final album, <i><a href="/wiki/Genius_Loves_Company" title="Genius Loves Company">Genius Loves Company</a></i>, released two months after his death, consists of duets with admirers and contemporaries: B.B. King, <a href="/wiki/Van_Morrison" title="Van Morrison">Van Morrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight" title="Gladys Knight">Gladys Knight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_McDonald_(musician)" title="Michael McDonald (musician)">Michael McDonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diana_Krall" title="Diana Krall">Diana Krall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a>. The album won eight <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a>, including Best Pop Vocal Album, Album of the Year, Record of the Year and Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals (for "Here We Go Again", with Norah Jones), and Best Gospel Performance (for "Heaven Help Us All", with Gladys Knight); he also received nods for his duets with Elton John and B.B. King. The album included a version of <a href="/wiki/Harold_Arlen" title="Harold Arlen">Harold Arlen</a> and <a href="/wiki/E._Y._Harburg" class="mw-redirect" title="E. Y. Harburg">E. Y. Harburg</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Over_the_Rainbow" title="Over the Rainbow">Over the Rainbow</a>", sung as a duet with Johnny Mathis, which was played at Charles' memorial service.<sup id="cite_ref-CBSdeath_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBSdeath-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles_discography" title="Ray Charles discography">Ray Charles discography</a></div> <p>Charles' discography is highly complex and extensive. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> has listed approximately 60 original albums and more than 200 compilation albums, while music essayist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Christgau" title="Robert Christgau">Robert Christgau</a> noted the existence of more. At least 20 record labels have released near-identical compilations of Charles' pre-<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic Records</a> tracks, while many of the <a href="/wiki/Mastering_(audio)" title="Mastering (audio)">masters</a> that Charles began to own after 1960 were not digitally reissued, leading the Atlantic sister label <a href="/wiki/Rhino_Entertainment" title="Rhino Entertainment">Rhino Entertainment</a> to focus on rereleasing his mid-to-late 1950s music. Christgau has called Charles' discography a "monumental mess" and that "any map of his oeuvre must be personal and provisional".<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Role </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Swingin%27_Along" title="Swingin' Along">Swingin' Along</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ballad_in_Blue" title="Ballad in Blue">Ballad in Blue</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_T.N.T._Show" title="The Big T.N.T. Show">The Big T.N.T. Show</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Documentary film </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blues_Brothers_(film)" title="The Blues Brothers (film)">The Blues Brothers</a></i> </td> <td>Ray </td> <td>Cameo appearance </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Limit_Up" title="Limit Up">Limit Up</a></i> </td> <td>Julius </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td><i>Listen Up: The Lives of Quincy Jones</i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Documentary </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Affair_(1994_film)" title="Love Affair (1994 film)">Love Affair</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Cameo appearance </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Spy_Hard" title="Spy Hard">Spy Hard</a></i> </td> <td>Bus Driver </td> <td>Cameo appearance </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td><i>New Yorkers 2</i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Cameo appearance </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Extreme_Adventures_of_Super_Dave" title="The Extreme Adventures of Super Dave">The Extreme Adventures of Super Dave</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Blue%27s_Big_Musical_Movie" title="Blue's Big Musical Movie">Blue's Big Musical Movie</a></i> </td> <td>G-Clef (voice) </td> <td>Final film role and voice role before his death in 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_(film)" title="Ray (film)">Ray</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Uncredited<br />Archival footage </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Face of Unity</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3612316/plotsummary">IMDB plot summary</a><br /> includes tributes to Nelson Mandela <br /> from President Barack Obama, Samuel L. Jackson, <br /> Ray Charles, Morgan Freeman. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Role </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1977 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i> </td> <td>Himself (host) </td> <td>Season 3, Episode 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977– </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>3 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_the_Boss" class="mw-redirect" title="Who's the Boss">Who's the Boss</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Episode: "Hit the Road, Chad" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/St._Elsewhere" title="St. Elsewhere">St. Elsewhere</a></i> </td> <td>Arthur Tibbits </td> <td>Episode: "Jose, Can You See?" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Moonlighting_(TV_series)" title="Moonlighting (TV series)">Moonlighting</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Episode: "A Trip to the Moon" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987–1990 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Super_Dave_(TV_series)" title="Super Dave (TV series)">Super Dave</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>4 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td><i>Ray Alexander: A Taste for Justice</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Television movie </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Wings_(NBC_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wings (NBC TV series)">Wings</a></i> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Episode: "A Decent Proposal" </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997–1998 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nanny" title="The Nanny">The Nanny</a></i> </td> <td>Sammy </td> <td>4 episodes </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_era" title="Album era">Album era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_soul" title="Progressive soul">Progressive soul</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-name-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-name_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-name_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-name_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <i>Blues: A Regional Experience</i>, based on the authors' interpretation of 1935 Florida census information, he was born Horace Charles Robinson in Greenville, Florida. However, most other reliable sources give his birth name as Ray Charles Robinson, and his birthplace as Dougherty County, Georgia. It has been suggested that there has been a misinterpretation and that Horace Charles Robinson was in fact a half-brother.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEagleLeBlanc2013" class="citation book cs1">Eagle, Bob L.; LeBlanc, Eric S. (May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZNfAQAAQBAJ"><i>Blues: A Regional Experience</i></a>. ABC-Clio. p. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34424-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34424-4"><bdi>978-0-313-34424-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508044412/https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZNfAQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blues%3A+A+Regional+Experience&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2013-05&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34424-4&rft.aulast=Eagle&rft.aufirst=Bob+L.&rft.au=LeBlanc%2C+Eric+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ZNfAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RollingStone-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RollingStone_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RollingStone_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrison,_Van" class="citation magazine cs1">Morrison, Van. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121019204246/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231/ray-charles-20110420">"100 Greatest Artists of All Time. No.<span class="nowrap"> </span>10: Ray Charles"</a>. <i>Rolling Stone</i>. No. 946. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231/ray-charles-20110420">the original</a> on October 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=100+Greatest+Artists+of+All+Time.+No.%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3E10%3A+Ray+Charles&rft.issue=946&rft.au=Morrison%2C+Van&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Flists%2F100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231%2Fray-charles-20110420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPR_death-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPR_death_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR_death_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR_death_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR_death_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1947628">"Ray Charles, American Legend, Dies at 73"</a>. NPR.org. June 11, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410205940/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1947628">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ray+Charles%2C+American+Legend%2C+Dies+at+73&rft.date=2004-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D1947628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unterberger-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Unterberger_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unterberger_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger" class="citation web cs1">Unterberger, Richie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/ray-charles-mn0000046861">"Ray Charles"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719001024/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/ray-charles-mn0000046861">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Simon and Schuster. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-4876-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-4876-5"><bdi>978-0-7434-4876-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508044542/https://books.google.com/books?id=pRi-4Vmh_9QC&pg=PR10#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Show+15%3A+The+Soul+Reformation&rft.pub=digital.library.unt.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%253A%2F67531%2Fmetadc19764%2Fm1%2F%23track%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1978" class="citation magazine cs1">Palmer, Robert (February 9, 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301023612/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/24143629/soul_survivor_ray_charles">"Soul Survivor Ray Charles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Soul+Survivor+Ray+Charles&rft.issue=258&rft.pages=10-14&rft.date=1978-02-09&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F24143629%2Fsoul_survivor_ray_charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tyrangiel-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tyrangiel_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyrangiel2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Tyrangiel, Josh (November 13, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070218131614/http://www.time.com/time/2006/100albums/0%2C27693%2CModern_Sounds_in_Country_and_Western_Music%2C00.html">"Review: <i>Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Modern+Sounds+in+Country+and+Western+Music&rft.date=2006-11-13&rft.aulast=Tyrangiel&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2F2006%2F100albums%2F0%2C27693%2CModern_Sounds_in_Country_and_Western_Music%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhatley2024" class="citation web cs1">Whatley, Paul (November 14, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comonewsandradio.com/2024/11/14/ray-charles-georgia-on-my-mind/">"Ray Charles: "Georgia On My Mind"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>COMO News and Radio</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=COMO+News+and+Radio&rft.atitle=Ray+Charles%3A+%22Georgia+On+My+Mind%22&rft.date=2024-11-14&rft.aulast=Whatley&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomonewsandradio.com%2F2024%2F11%2F14%2Fray-charles-georgia-on-my-mind%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/ray-charles">"Ray Charles"</a>. Recording Academy Grammy Awards. November 23, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200522115152/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/ray-charles">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ray+Charles&rft.pub=Recording+Academy+Grammy+Awards&rft.date=2020-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fgrammys%2Fartists%2Fray-charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/ray-charles">"Ray Charles Chart History"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022031430/https://www.billboard.com/music/Ray-Charles">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Ray+Charles+Chart+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fmusic%2Fray-charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Autobio-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Autobio_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Autobio_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Autobio_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Autobio_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Autobio_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Autobio_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Autobio_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Autobio_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Autobio_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlesRitz1992" class="citation book cs1">Charles, Ray; Ritz, David (1992). <i>Brother Ray</i>. New York: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80482-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80482-4"><bdi>0-306-80482-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brother+Ray&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-306-80482-4&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft.au=Ritz%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronson1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Bronson" title="Fred Bronson">Bronson, Fred</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billboardbookofn00fred/page/98"><i>The Billboard Book of Number One Hits</i></a> (4th ed.). New York: Watson-Guptill. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billboardbookofn00fred/page/98">98</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-7641-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8230-7641-5"><bdi>0-8230-7641-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Billboard+Book+of+Number+One+Hits&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=98&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Watson-Guptill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8230-7641-5&rft.aulast=Bronson&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbillboardbookofn00fred%2Fpage%2F98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A Tribute to Ray Charles". <i>Rolling Stone</i>, nos. 952–953, July 8–22, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoel,_Billy" class="citation magazine cs1">Joel, Billy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022235041/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/ray-charles-20101202">"100 Greatest Singers of All Time. No.<span class="nowrap"> </span>2: Ray Charles"</a>. <i>Rolling Stone</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/ray-charles-20101202">the original</a> on October 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=100+Greatest+Singers+of+All+Time.+No.%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3E2%3A+Ray+Charles&rft.au=Joel%2C+Billy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Flists%2F100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231%2Fray-charles-20101202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazareno2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Nazareno, Mia (December 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/smokey-robinson-black-music-entertainment-walk-of-fame-2022-1235012202/">"Smokey Robinson, Berry Gordy, Jr. & More to Be Inducted at 2022 Black Music and Entertainment Walk of Fame"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220129121129/https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/smokey-robinson-black-music-entertainment-walk-of-fame-2022-1235012202/">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Smokey+Robinson%2C+Berry+Gordy%2C+Jr.+%26+More+to+Be+Inducted+at+2022+Black+Music+and+Entertainment+Walk+of+Fame&rft.date=2021-12-17&rft.aulast=Nazareno&rft.aufirst=Mia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fmusic%2Fawards%2Fsmokey-robinson-black-music-entertainment-walk-of-fame-2022-1235012202%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012222755/http://www.raycharles.com/the_man_biography.html">"Biography"</a>. <i>raycharles.com</i>. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=raycharles.com&rft.atitle=Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raycharles.com%2Fthe_man_biography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SwingMusicBio-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SwingMusicBio_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker" class="citation web cs1">Parker, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614172253/http://www.swingmusic.net/Ray_Charles_Biography.html">"Ray Charles Biography"</a>. <i>Swingmusic.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swingmusic.net/Ray_Charles_Biography.html">the original</a> on June 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swingmusic.net&rft.atitle=Ray+Charles+Biography&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swingmusic.net%2FRay_Charles_Biography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60min-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60min_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leung, Rebecca (October 14, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-genius-of-ray-charles-14-10-2004/">"The Genius of Ray Charles: <i>60 Minutes</i> Looks Back at the Life and Loves of a True Original"</a> (about a 1986 segment on Charles from <i><a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a></i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boheme-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-boheme_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-boheme_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-boheme_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-boheme_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-boheme_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-boheme_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-boheme_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2004" class="citation web cs1">Graham, Eamon (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boheme-magazine.net/july04/charles.html">"Obituary: Ray Charles (1930–2004)"</a>. <i>Bohème Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307011421/http://www.boheme-magazine.net/july04/charles.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boh%C3%A8me+Magazine&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Ray+Charles+%281930%E2%80%932004%29&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Eamon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boheme-magazine.net%2Fjuly04%2Fcharles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecoastal.com/culture/music/remembering-ray-charles-northeast-florida-roots">"Remembering Ray Charles' Northeast Florida Roots - The Coastal"</a>. June 21, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230726113608/https://thecoastal.com/culture/music/remembering-ray-charles-northeast-florida-roots">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Ray+Charles%27+Northeast+Florida+Roots+-+The+Coastal&rft.date=2019-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecoastal.com%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2Fremembering-ray-charles-northeast-florida-roots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinski1994" class="citation book cs1">Winski, Norman (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4mFoCvacGLEC&pg=PA102"><i>Ray Charles</i></a>. Holloway House Publishing. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87067-790-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87067-790-8"><bdi>978-0-87067-790-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508044534/https://books.google.com/books?id=4mFoCvacGLEC&pg=PA102#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ray+Charles&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Holloway+House+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-87067-790-8&rft.aulast=Winski&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4mFoCvacGLEC%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinski1994" class="citation book cs1">Winski, Norman (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4mFoCvacGLEC&pg=PA104"><i>Ray Charles</i></a>. Holloway House Publishing. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87067-790-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87067-790-8"><bdi>978-0-87067-790-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508044412/https://books.google.com/books?id=4mFoCvacGLEC&pg=PA104#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ray+Charles&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Holloway+House+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-87067-790-8&rft.aulast=Winski&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4mFoCvacGLEC%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winski-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winski_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winski_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinski1994" class="citation book cs1">Winski, Norman (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/raycharles0000wins/page/102"><i>Ray Charles: Singer and Musician</i></a>. Los Angeles: Melrose Square Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/raycharles0000wins/page/102">102–107</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87067-790-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87067-790-X"><bdi>0-87067-790-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ray+Charles%3A+Singer+and+Musician&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pages=102-107&rft.pub=Melrose+Square+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-87067-790-X&rft.aulast=Winski&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fraycharles0000wins%2Fpage%2F102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lydon_Riverhead-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lydon_Riverhead_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lydon_Riverhead_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lydon_Riverhead_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lydon_Riverhead_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lydon_Riverhead_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lydon_Riverhead_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLydon1998" class="citation book cs1">Lydon, Michael (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/raycharlesmanmus00lydo"><i>Ray Charles: Man and Music</i></a></span>. Riverhead Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57322-132-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-57322-132-5"><bdi>1-57322-132-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ray+Charles%3A+Man+and+Music&rft.pub=Riverhead+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-57322-132-5&rft.aulast=Lydon&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fraycharlesmanmus00lydo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tampabaymusichistory.com/charlie-brantley-and-his-original-honey-dippers.php">"Charlie Brantley and His Original Honey Dippers"</a>. Tampabaymusichistory.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008090312/http://www.tampabaymusichistory.com/charlie-brantley-and-his-original-honey-dippers.php">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charlie+Brantley+and+His+Original+Honey+Dippers&rft.pub=Tampabaymusichistory.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabaymusichistory.com%2Fcharlie-brantley-and-his-original-honey-dippers.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boheme2-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boheme2_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5707">"Charles, Ray (1930–2004)"</a>. HistoryLink.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071031074822/http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5707">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Charles%2C+Ray+%281930%E2%80%932004%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2Fessays%2Foutput.cfm%3Ffile_id%3D5707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120926221424/http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/jon0bio-1">"Quincy Jones Biography"</a>. Achievement.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/jon0bio-1">the original</a> on September 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quincy+Jones+Biography&rft.pub=Achievement.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.achievement.org%2Fautodoc%2Fpage%2Fjon0bio-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2007" class="citation book cs1">Ford, Carin T. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/raycharlesiwasbo00ford/page/8"><i>Ray Charles: "I was Born with Music Inside Me"</i></a>. Enslow Publishers, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-2701-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-2701-5"><bdi>978-0-7660-2701-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ray+Charles%3A+%22I+was+Born+with+Music+Inside+Me%22&rft.pub=Enslow+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7660-2701-5&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Carin+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fraycharlesiwasbo00ford%2Fpage%2F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatel2012" class="citation web cs1">Katel, Jacob (November 22, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150110143845/http://www.miaminewtimes.com/2012-11-22/news/henry-stone-legendary-soul/">"Henry Stone: Legendary Soul"</a>. <i>Miami New Times</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Miami+New+Times&rft.atitle=Henry+Stone%3A+Legendary+Soul&rft.date=2012-11-22&rft.aulast=Katel&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miaminewtimes.com%2F2012-11-22%2Fnews%2Fhenry-stone-legendary-soul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFricke2001" class="citation magazine cs1">Fricke, David (April 26, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/the-story-of-atlantic-records-20010426">"The Story of Atlantic Records: Ahmet Ertegun in His Own Words"</a>. <i>Rolling Stone</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180404073740/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/the-story-of-atlantic-records-20010426">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+Atlantic+Records%3A+Ahmet+Ertegun+in+His+Own+Words&rft.date=2001-04-26&rft.aulast=Fricke&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-story-of-atlantic-records-20010426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzatmary2014" class="citation book cs1">Szatmary, David P. 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New York: Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-37794-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-37794-5"><bdi>0-316-37794-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57393650">57393650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dream+boogie%3A+the+triumph+of+Sam+Cooke&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57393650&rft.isbn=0-316-37794-5&rft.au=Guralnick%2C+Peter.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdreamboogietrium00gura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Applause! In the Theatre" Review by Hazel L. Lamarre Los Angeles Sentinel July 24, 1958</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-linernotes-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-linernotes_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kalamu.com/bol/2007/08/12/ray-charles-%E2%80%9Ci-can%E2%80%99t-stop-loving-you%E2%80%9D">Ray Charles, "I Can't Stop Loving You"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409091730/https://www.kalamu.com/bol/2007/08/12/ray-charles-%e2%80%9ci-can%e2%80%99t-stop-loving-you%e2%80%9d/">Archived</a> April 9, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Kalamu.com. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ray+Charles+Performing+Arts+Center&rft.pub=Raycharles.com&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raycharles.com%2FRC%2FRC-Morehouse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRead2005" class="citation news cs1">Read, Mimi (February 23, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F00E0D91F3AF930A15751C0A9639C8B63&sec=&spon=">"A Gift to Black Cuisine, from Ray Charles"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508044329/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/23/dining/a-gift-to-black-cuisine-from-ray-charles.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Gift+to+Black+Cuisine%2C+from+Ray+Charles&rft.date=2005-02-23&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=Mimi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9F00E0D91F3AF930A15751C0A9639C8B63%26sec%3D%26spon%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doodles.google/doodle/ray-charles-74th-birthday/">"Ray Charles' 74th Birthday"</a>. <i>Google</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103054426/https://www.google.com/doodles/ray-charles-74th-birthday">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google&rft.atitle=Ray+Charles%27+74th+Birthday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoodles.google%2Fdoodle%2Fray-charles-74th-birthday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ribbon-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ribbon_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeymour2010" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Seymour, Add Jr. (September 29, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317143513/https://www.morehouse.edu/communications/archives/002313.html">"Morehouse Cuts the Ribbon on the Ray Charles Performing Arts Center and Music Academic Building"</a> (Press release). Morehouse College. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.morehouse.edu/communications/archives/002313.html">the original</a> on March 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Morehouse+Cuts+the+Ribbon+on+the+Ray+Charles+Performing+Arts+Center+and+Music+Academic+Building&rft.pub=Morehouse+College&rft.date=2010-09-29&rft.aulast=Seymour&rft.aufirst=Add+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.morehouse.edu%2Fcommunications%2Farchives%2F002313.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usstampgallery.com/view.php?id=fca5bb93c833ad71742675dcdc2af79bd3169ce0">Ray Charles</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406021826/http://www.usstampgallery.com/view.php?id=fca5bb93c833ad71742675dcdc2af79bd3169ce0">Archived</a> April 6, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> US Stamp Gallery</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128145235/https://wdet.org/posts/2015/06/24/80845-rb-music-hall-of-fame-comes-to-detroit/">"R&B Music Hall of Fame Comes to Detroit"</a>. <i>Wdet.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wdet.org/posts/2015/06/24/80845-rb-music-hall-of-fame-comes-to-detroit/">the original</a> on January 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wdet.org&rft.atitle=R%26B+Music+Hall+of+Fame+Comes+to+Detroit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwdet.org%2Fposts%2F2015%2F06%2F24%2F80845-rb-music-hall-of-fame-comes-to-detroit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in David Remnick (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/04/04/aretha-franklins-american-soul">"Soul Survivor: The Revival and Hidden Treasure of Aretha Franklin"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923201513/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/04/04/aretha-franklins-american-soul">Archived</a> September 23, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. April 4, 2016. Retrieved on April 4, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristin_M._Hall,_AP_Entertainment_Writer2022" class="citation news cs1">Kristin M. Hall, AP Entertainment Writer (May 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/judds-ray-charles-inducted-country-hall-fame-84428449">"The Judds, Ray Charles join the Country Music Hall of Fame"</a>. ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220501190826/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/judds-ray-charles-inducted-country-hall-fame-84428449">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Judds%2C+Ray+Charles+join+the+Country+Music+Hall+of+Fame&rft.date=2022-05-01&rft.au=Kristin+M.+Hall%2C+AP+Entertainment+Writer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FEntertainment%2FwireStory%2Fjudds-ray-charles-inducted-country-hall-fame-84428449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2022" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Chris (May 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2022/music/news/judds-inducted-country-hall-fame-ceremony-medallion-wynonna-naomi-1235255555/">"Judds Inducted Into Country Hall of Fame in Tearful Ceremony a Day After Naomi's Death"</a>. Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220502012521/https://variety.com/2022/music/news/judds-inducted-country-hall-fame-ceremony-medallion-wynonna-naomi-1235255555/">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Judds+Inducted+Into+Country+Hall+of+Fame+in+Tearful+Ceremony+a+Day+After+Naomi%27s+Death&rft.date=2022-05-01&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2022%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fjudds-inducted-country-hall-fame-ceremony-medallion-wynonna-naomi-1235255555%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2021" class="citation web cs1">Hall, Kristin M. (August 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/ray-charles-the-judds-to-join-country-music-hall-of-fame/">"Ray Charles, The Judds to join Country Music Hall of Fame"</a>. <i>The Seattle Times</i>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816211739/https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/ray-charles-the-judds-to-join-country-music-hall-of-fame/">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=augustaciviccenter.com&rft.atitle=William+B.+Bell+Auditorium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faugustaciviccenter.com%2Fauditorium.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhodes,_Don2004" class="citation web cs1">Rhodes, Don (July 1, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/2004/07/01/rho_420829.shtml">"Ray Charles gave country music his own touch"</a>. <i>The Augusta Chronicle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223012606/http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/2004/07/01/rho_420829.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Augusta+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Ray+Charles+gave+country+music+his+own+touch&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.au=Rhodes%2C+Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.augusta.com%2Fstories%2F2004%2F07%2F01%2Frho_420829.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFontenot" class="citation web cs1">Fontenot, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402055654/http://oldies.about.com/od/rbandblues/f/rayracism.htm">"How did racism affect Ray Charles?"</a>. <i>about.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=about.com&rft.atitle=How+did+racism+affect+Ray+Charles%3F&rft.aulast=Fontenot&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foldies.about.com%2Fod%2Frbandblues%2Ff%2Frayracism.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130311013724/http://www.atlantamagazine.com/flashback/story.aspx?ID=1372656">"32 Years Ago This Month: Ray Charles Serenades the Legislature"</a>. <i>AtlantaMagazine.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mission+Statement&rft.pub=Theraycharlesfoundation.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theraycharlesfoundation.org%2FRCF_FoundationMissionStatement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benedict_College_receives_$500,000_gift_from_the_Ray_Charles_Foundation-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benedict_College_receives_$500,000_gift_from_the_Ray_Charles_Foundation_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141016235443/http://www.benedict.edu/cms/?q=node%2F1150">"Benedict College receives $500,000 gift?"</a>. Benedict.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.benedict.edu/cms/?q=node/1150">the original</a> on October 16, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Benedict+College+receives+%24500%2C000+gift%3F&rft.pub=Benedict.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.benedict.edu%2Fcms%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F1150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ray_Charles_Foundation-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ray_Charles_Foundation_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150222105537/http://theraycharlesfoundation.org/RCF_AboutTheFoundation.html">"About the Foundation"</a>. Theraycharlesfoundation.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theraycharlesfoundation.org/RCF_AboutTheFoundation.html">the original</a> on February 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Foundation&rft.pub=Theraycharlesfoundation.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theraycharlesfoundation.org%2FRCF_AboutTheFoundation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morehouse_gets_$3_million_gift_from_Ray_Charles_Foundation-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morehouse_gets_$3_million_gift_from_Ray_Charles_Foundation_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffries" class="citation news cs1">Jeffries, Fran. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/morehouse-gets-million-gift-from-ray-charles-foundation/FhyAhoAU09wDLnC9BUADFJ/">"Morehouse Gets $3 Million Gift from Ray Charles Foundation"</a>. <i>The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</i>. Ajc.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210608225847/https://www.ajc.com/news/morehouse-gets-million-gift-from-ray-charles-foundation/FhyAhoAU09wDLnC9BUADFJ/">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Morehouse+Gets+%243+Million+Gift+from+Ray+Charles+Foundation&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=Fran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fmorehouse-gets-million-gift-from-ray-charles-foundation%2FFhyAhoAU09wDLnC9BUADFJ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daily_News-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Daily_News_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/ray-charles-foundation-3-million-gift-back-albany-state-university-article-1.1022939">"Ray Charles Foundation wants $3 million gift back from Albany State University - NY Daily News"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>. February 15, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408015540/https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/ray-charles-foundation-3-million-gift-back-albany-state-university-article-1.1022939">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Ray+Charles+Foundation+wants+%243+million+gift+back+from+Albany+State+University+-+NY+Daily+News&rft.date=2012-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic-arts%2Fray-charles-foundation-3-million-gift-back-albany-state-university-article-1.1022939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ray_Charles_Memorial_Library-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ray_Charles_Memorial_Library_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006093827/http://www.theraycharlesfoundation.org/RCF_AboutTheLibrary">"About the Library"</a>. Theraycharlesfoundation.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theraycharlesfoundation.org/RCF_AboutTheLibrary">the original</a> on October 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Library&rft.pub=Theraycharlesfoundation.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theraycharlesfoundation.org%2FRCF_AboutTheLibrary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fr8DAAAAMBAJ&q=ray+charles&pg=PA24">"Ray Charles' Own Book Reveals He"</a>. <i>Jet</i>. Vol. 55, no. 11. November 30, 1978. pp. 22–24, 60–62. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508045405/https://books.google.com/books?id=fr8DAAAAMBAJ&q=ray+charles&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=ray%20charles&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Ray+Charles%27+Own+Book+Reveals+He&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=22-24%2C+60-62&rft.date=1978-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfr8DAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dray%2Bcharles%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1974" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Louie (October 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JN4DAAAAMBAJ&q=view+park&pg=PA125">"The Enduring Genius of Ray Charles"</a>. <i>Ebony</i>: 125. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508045413/https://books.google.com/books?id=JN4DAAAAMBAJ&q=view+park&pg=PA125#v=snippet&q=view%20park&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=The+Enduring+Genius+of+Ray+Charles&rft.pages=125&rft.date=1974-10&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Louie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJN4DAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dview%2Bpark%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newswirl.com/della-beatrice-howard-robinson/">"Della Beatrice Howard Robinson"</a>. <i>NewSwirl</i>. December 30, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220626085007/https://www.newswirl.com/della-beatrice-howard-robinson/">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NewSwirl&rft.atitle=Della+Beatrice+Howard+Robinson&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newswirl.com%2Fdella-beatrice-howard-robinson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lasentinel.net/ray-charles-daughter-sheila-raye-charles-succumbs-to-breast-cancer.html">"Ray Charles' Daughter Sheila Raye Charles Succumbs to Breast Cancer"</a>. June 22, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230304185349/https://lasentinel.net/ray-charles-daughter-sheila-raye-charles-succumbs-to-breast-cancer.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ray+Charles%27+Daughter+Sheila+Raye+Charles+Succumbs+to+Breast+Cancer&rft.date=2017-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flasentinel.net%2Fray-charles-daughter-sheila-raye-charles-succumbs-to-breast-cancer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2009" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Mike (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5v1pSAHAEa0C&pg=PP1"><i>Ray Charles: Birth of Soul</i></a>. London: Omnibus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85712-051-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85712-051-9"><bdi>978-0-85712-051-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508045331/https://books.google.com/books?id=5v1pSAHAEa0C&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ray+Charles%3A+Birth+of+Soul&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Omnibus&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-85712-051-9&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5v1pSAHAEa0C%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitaker2011" class="citation book cs1">Whitaker, Matthew (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RSGhEUq5bp0C&q=norma+pinella+ray+charles&pg=PA176"><i>Icons of Black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries [3 volumes]: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries [Three Volumes]</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37643-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37643-6"><bdi>978-0-313-37643-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508045558/https://books.google.com/books?id=RSGhEUq5bp0C&q=norma+pinella+ray+charles&pg=PA176">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icons+of+Black+America%3A+Breaking+Barriers+and+Crossing+Boundaries+%5B3+volumes%5D%3A+Breaking+Barriers+and+Crossing+Boundaries+%5BThree+Volumes%5D&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-37643-6&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRSGhEUq5bp0C%26q%3Dnorma%2Bpinella%2Bray%2Bcharles%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPennington2013" class="citation book cs1">Pennington, Karlton (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EqFUCAAAQBAJ&q=Louise+Mitchell+ray+charles+1950&pg=PP15"><i>Ray Charles</i></a>. Lulu Press, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-304-15125-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-304-15125-4"><bdi>978-1-304-15125-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ray+Charles&rft.pub=Lulu+Press%2C+Inc&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-304-15125-4&rft.aulast=Pennington&rft.aufirst=Karlton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEqFUCAAAQBAJ%26q%3DLouise%2BMitchell%2Bray%2Bcharles%2B1950%26pg%3DPP15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiltzik2008" class="citation web cs1">Hiltzik, Michael A. (April 20, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-raycharles20apr20-story.html">"Ray Charles' children battle over his legacy"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407110621/https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-raycharles20apr20-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ray+Charles%27+children+battle+over+his+legacy&rft.date=2008-04-20&rft.aulast=Hiltzik&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fla-fi-raycharles20apr20-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f0EDAAAAMBAJ&q=ray+charles+arrested+jet+1958&pg=PA57">"Singer Ray Charles Jailed on Dope Charge"</a>. <i>Jet</i>. Vol. 15, no. 5. December 4, 1958. p. 57. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508045332/https://books.google.com/books?id=f0EDAAAAMBAJ&q=ray+charles+arrested+jet+1958&pg=PA57#v=snippet&q=ray%20charles%20arrested%20jet%201958&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Singer+Ray+Charles+Jailed+on+Dope+Charge&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=57&rft.date=1958-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df0EDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dray%2Bcharles%2Barrested%2Bjet%2B1958%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KLMDAAAAMBAJ&q=ray+charles+arrested+jet+1961&pg=PA58">"Ray Charles Nabbed On Dope Charge, Wants To 'Take Cure'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Jet</i>: 58–59. November 30, 1961. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508045343/https://books.google.com/books?id=KLMDAAAAMBAJ&q=ray+charles+arrested+jet+1961&pg=PA58#v=snippet&q=ray%20charles%20arrested%20jet%201961&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Ray+Charles+Nabbed+On+Dope+Charge%2C+Wants+To+%27Take+Cure%27&rft.pages=58-59&rft.date=1961-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKLMDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dray%2Bcharles%2Barrested%2Bjet%2B1961%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pc16-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pc16_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19765/m1">"Show 16 – The Soul Reformation"</a>. <i>unt.edu</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Texas" title="University of North Texas">University of North Texas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112103904/http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19765/m1/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unt.edu&rft.atitle=Show+16+%E2%80%93+The+Soul+Reformation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc19765%2Fm1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McLean-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McLean_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2002" class="citation news cs1">Turner, M.A. (January 6, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-2002-01-06-0201060272-story.html">"More than Just a Celebrity Psych Ward"</a>. <i>Hartford Courant</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220820013749/https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-2002-01-06-0201060272-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hartford+Courant&rft.atitle=More+than+Just+a+Celebrity+Psych+Ward&rft.date=2002-01-06&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=M.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courant.com%2Fnews%2Fconnecticut%2Fhc-xpm-2002-01-06-0201060272-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchinderSchwartz2007" class="citation book cs1">Schinder, Scott; Schwartz, Andy (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=chj91X0dWzUC&q=heroin+ray+charles+1966&pg=PA44"><i>Icons of Rock: An Encyclopedia of the Legends Who Changed Music Forever</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33845-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33845-8"><bdi>978-0-313-33845-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508045407/https://books.google.com/books?id=chj91X0dWzUC&q=heroin+ray+charles+1966&pg=PA44">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icons+of+Rock%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Legends+Who+Changed+Music+Forever&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33845-8&rft.aulast=Schinder&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dchj91X0dWzUC%26q%3Dheroin%2Bray%2Bcharles%2B1966%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blackdoctor.org/272450/ray-charles-drug-addiction__trashed/">"Ray Charles: Lessons From His Life & Death"</a>. <i>BlackDoctor.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403023009/https://blackdoctor.org/272450/ray-charles-drug-addiction__trashed/">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BlackDoctor.org&rft.atitle=Ray+Charles%3A+Lessons+From+His+Life+%26+Death&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblackdoctor.org%2F272450%2Fray-charles-drug-addiction__trashed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/ray-charles-about-ray-charles/554/">"About Ray Charles"</a>. <i>PBS.org</i>. May 17, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609155005/https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/ray-charles-about-ray-charles/554/">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS.org&rft.atitle=About+Ray+Charles&rft.date=2006-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Famericanmasters%2Fray-charles-about-ray-charles%2F554%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007021455/http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=81063&kpage=1#reply22">"The chess games of Ray Charles"</a>. Chessgames.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=81063&kpage=1#reply22">the original</a> on October 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+chess+games+of+Ray+Charles&rft.pub=Chessgames.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chessgames.com%2Fperl%2Fchessplayer%3Fpid%3D81063%26kpage%3D1%23reply22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Charles, Ray (2005). <i><a href="/wiki/Genius_%26_Friends" title="Genius & Friends">Genius & Friends</a></i> (CD). Burbank, California: <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic Records</a>. Event occurs at Track 13 2:22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Genius+%26+Friends&rft.place=Burbank%2C+California&rft.pub=Atlantic+Records&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=6814">"Chess News – GM Larry Melvyn Evans (1932–2010)"</a>. ChessBase.com. November 17, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121109160545/http://chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=6814">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chess+News+%E2%80%93+GM+Larry+Melvyn+Evans+%281932%E2%80%932010%29&rft.pub=ChessBase.com&rft.date=2010-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chessbase.com%2Fnewsdetail.asp%3Fnewsid%3D6814&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Angelo,_Joe" class="citation web cs1">D'Angelo, Joe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012031313/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1488316/ray-charles-dead-at-73.jhtml">"Ray Charles Dead at 73"</a>. <i>mtv.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1488316/ray-charles-dead-at-73.jhtml">the original</a> on October 12, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mtv.com&rft.atitle=Ray+Charles+Dead+at+73&rft.au=D%27Angelo%2C+Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F1488316%2Fray-charles-dead-at-73.jhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201235451/http://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/2013/10/01/little-richard-suffers-heart-attack-at-home">"Little Richard Has Heart Attack"</a>. Stcatharinesstandard.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/2013/10/01/little-richard-suffers-heart-attack-at-home">the original</a> on February 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Little+Richard+Has+Heart+Attack&rft.pub=Stcatharinesstandard.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stcatharinesstandard.ca%2F2013%2F10%2F01%2Flittle-richard-suffers-heart-attack-at-home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBSdeath-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBSdeath_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBSdeath_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/many-pay-respects-to-ray-charles/">"Many Pay Respects to Ray Charles"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. June 10, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130829055524/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/06/10/entertainment/main622401.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on August 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Many+Pay+Respects+to+Ray+Charles&rft.date=2004-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmany-pay-respects-to-ray-charles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristgau2004" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Christgau" title="Robert Christgau">Christgau, Robert</a> (July 8, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/music/charles-rs.php">"The Genius at Work: Ray Charles, A Critical Discography"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613164806/https://robertchristgau.com/xg/music/charles-rs.php">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2021</span> – via robertchristgau.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=The+Genius+at+Work%3A+Ray+Charles%2C+A+Critical+Discography&rft.date=2004-07-08&rft.aulast=Christgau&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertchristgau.com%2Fxg%2Fmusic%2Fcharles-rs.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drukadvice.com/della-beatrice-howard-robinson-net-worth/">Ray Charles 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Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100411224745/http://www.countrymusichalloffame.org/past/view/i-can-t-stop-loving-you-ray-charles-and-country-music">Country Music Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430234221/http://staugustine.com/stories/022503/new_1351077.shtml">Appearance at WFOY Radio building</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012222747/http://www.raycharles.com/the_man_autobiography.html">Ray Charles autobiography: The Early Years 1930–1960</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived October 12, 2007)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1005662">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8896492">Ray Charles</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0153124/">Ray Charles</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/ray-charles">"Ray Charles"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ray+Charles&rft.pub=Rock+and+Roll+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockhall.com%2Finductees%2Fray-charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARay+Charles" class="Z3988"></span> <span 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ray_Charles" title="Template:Ray Charles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ray_Charles" title="Template talk:Ray Charles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ray_Charles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ray Charles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ray_Charles" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles_(album)" title="Ray Charles (album)">Ray Charles (Hallelujah, I Love Her So)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Ray_Charles" title="The Great Ray Charles">The Great Ray Charles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yes_Indeed!_(Ray_Charles_album)" title="Yes Indeed! (Ray Charles album)">Yes Indeed!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soul_Brothers" title="Soul Brothers">Soul Brothers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What%27d_I_Say_(album)" title="What'd I Say (album)">What'd I Say</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Genius_of_Ray_Charles" title="The Genius of Ray Charles">The Genius of Ray Charles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Genius_Sings_the_Blues" title="The Genius Sings the Blues">The Genius Sings the Blues</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soul_Meeting" title="Soul Meeting">Soul Meeting</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Genius_After_Hours" title="The Genius After Hours">The Genius After Hours</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/True_to_Life_(Ray_Charles_album)" title="True to Life (Ray Charles album)">True to Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_%26_Peace_(Ray_Charles_album)" title="Love & Peace (Ray Charles album)">Love & Peace</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ABC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Genius_Hits_the_Road" title="The Genius Hits the Road">The Genius Hits the Road</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_to_You_(Ray_Charles_album)" title="Dedicated to You (Ray Charles album)">Dedicated to You</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles_and_Betty_Carter" title="Ray Charles and Betty Carter">Ray Charles and Betty Carter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Sounds_in_Country_and_Western_Music" title="Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music">Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Sounds_in_Country_and_Western_Music_Volume_Two" title="Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume Two">Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, Vol. 2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ingredients_in_a_Recipe_for_Soul" title="Ingredients in a Recipe for Soul">Ingredients in a Recipe for Soul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_%26_Sour_Tears" title="Sweet & Sour Tears">Sweet & Sour Tears</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Have_a_Smile_with_Me" title="Have a Smile with Me">Have a Smile with Me</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Together_Again_(Ray_Charles_album)" title="Together Again (Ray Charles album)">Together Again / Country and Western Meets Rhythm and Blues</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crying_Time_(album)" title="Crying Time (album)">Crying Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray%27s_Moods" title="Ray's Moods">Ray's Moods</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles_Invites_You_to_Listen" title="Ray Charles Invites You to Listen">Ray Charles Invites You to Listen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Portrait_of_Ray" title="A Portrait of Ray">A Portrait of Ray</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I%27m_All_Yours_Baby" title="I'm All Yours Baby">I'm All Yours Baby!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doing_His_Thing" title="Doing His Thing">Doing His Thing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Kind_of_Jazz" title="My Kind of Jazz">My Kind of Jazz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Country_Style" title="Love Country Style">Love Country Style</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_Action_of_My_Soul" title="Volcanic Action of My Soul">Volcanic Action of My Soul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Number_II" title="Jazz Number II">Jazz Number II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Message_from_the_People" title="A Message from the People">A Message from the People</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Through_the_Eyes_of_Love_(Ray_Charles_album)" title="Through the Eyes of Love (Ray Charles album)">Through the Eyes of Love</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crossover</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Kind_of_Jazz_Part_3" title="My Kind of Jazz Part 3">My Kind of Jazz Part 3</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Columbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wish_You_Were_Here_Tonight" title="Wish You Were Here Tonight">Wish You Were Here Tonight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Friendship_(Ray_Charles_album)" title="Friendship (Ray Charles album)">Friendship</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_the_Pages_of_My_Mind" title="From the Pages of My Mind">From the Pages of My Mind</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Just_Between_Us_(Ray_Charles_album)" title="Just Between Us (Ray Charles album)">Just Between Us</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Warner Bros.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Would_You_Believe%3F_(Ray_Charles_album)" title="Would You Believe? (Ray Charles album)">Would You Believe?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_World_(Ray_Charles_album)" title="My World (Ray Charles album)">My World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strong_Love_Affair" title="Strong Love Affair">Strong Love Affair</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Genius_%2B_Soul_%3D_Jazz" title="Genius + Soul = Jazz">Genius + Soul = Jazz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess" title="Porgy and Bess">Porgy and Bess</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genius_Loves_Company" title="Genius Loves Company">Genius Loves Company</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posthumous <br />studio creations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Genius_%26_Friends" title="Genius & Friends">Genius & Friends</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Sings,_Basie_Swings" title="Ray Sings, Basie Swings">Ray Sings, Basie Swings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rare_Genius" title="Rare Genius">Rare Genius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles_at_Newport" title="Ray Charles at Newport">Ray Charles at Newport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles_in_Person" title="Ray Charles in Person">Ray Charles in Person</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_in_Concert_(Ray_Charles_album)" title="Live in Concert (Ray Charles album)">Live in Concert</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles_Live" title="Ray Charles Live">Ray Charles Live</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br />compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Do_the_Twist!_with_Ray_Charles" title="Do the Twist! with Ray Charles">Do the Twist! with Ray Charles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles_Greatest_Hits" title="Ray Charles Greatest Hits">Ray Charles Greatest Hits</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_and_His_Soul" title="A Man and His Soul">A Man and His Soul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Ray_Charles" title="The Best of Ray Charles">The Best of Ray Charles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthology_(Ray_Charles_album)" title="Anthology (Ray Charles album)">Anthology</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_Soul" title="The Birth of Soul">The Birth of Soul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles_in_Concert" title="Ray Charles in Concert">Ray Charles in Concert</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/True_Genius" title="True Genius">True Genius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100<br />top 10 singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/What%27d_I_Say" title="What'd I Say">What'd I Say</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Georgia_on_My_Mind" title="Georgia on My Mind">Georgia on My Mind</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hit_the_Road_Jack" title="Hit the Road Jack">Hit the Road Jack</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Mint_Julep" title="One Mint Julep">One Mint Julep</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Unchain_My_Heart_(song)" title="Unchain My Heart (song)">Unchain My Heart</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Stop_Loving_You" title="I Can't Stop Loving You">I Can't Stop Loving You </a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Don%27t_Know_Me_(Cindy_Walker_song)" title="You Don't Know Me (Cindy Walker song)">You Don't Know Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Are_My_Sunshine" title="You Are My Sunshine">You Are My Sunshine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Busted_(Harlan_Howard_song)" title="Busted (Harlan Howard song)">Busted</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Take_These_Chains_from_My_Heart" title="Take These Chains from My Heart">Take These Chains from My Heart</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Crying_Time" title="Crying Time">Crying Time</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <i>Billboard</i> Charts<br />#1 singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Got_a_Woman" title="I Got a Woman">I Got a Woman</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Fool_for_You" title="A Fool for You">A Fool for You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_(Ray_Charles_song)" title="Mary Ann (Ray Charles song)">Mary Ann</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Drown_in_My_Own_Tears" title="Drown in My Own Tears">Drown in My Own Tears</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Together_Again_(Buck_Owens_song)" title="Together Again (Buck Owens song)">Together Again</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Go_Get_Stoned" title="Let's Go Get Stoned">Let's Go Get Stoned</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Seven_Spanish_Angels" title="Seven Spanish Angels">Seven Spanish Angels</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Be_Good_to_You" title="I'll Be Good to You">I'll Be Good to You</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grammy Awarded Works<br />(not included above)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_the_Good_Times_Roll_(Louis_Jordan_song)" title="Let the Good Times Roll (Louis Jordan song)">Let The Good Times Roll</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Living_for_the_City" title="Living for the City">Living for the City</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Song_for_You" title="A Song for You">A Song for You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Heaven_Help_Us_All" title="Heaven Help Us All">Heaven Help Us All</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Here_We_Go_Again_(Ray_Charles_song)" title="Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)">Here We Go Again</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles_discography" title="Ray Charles discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Records_(1962)" title="Tangerine Records (1962)">Tangerine Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_%22Fathead%22_Newman" title="David "Fathead" Newman">David "Fathead" Newman</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fathead_(album)" title="Fathead (album)">Fathead / Ray Charles Sextet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Crawford" title="Hank Crawford">Hank Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Raelettes" title="The Raelettes">The Raelettes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_(film)" title="Ray (film)">Ray</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_(soundtrack)" title="Ray (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here_We_Go_Again:_Celebrating_the_Genius_of_Ray_Charles" title="Here We Go Again: Celebrating the Genius of Ray Charles">Here We Go Again: Celebrating the Genius of Ray Charles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tribute_to_Uncle_Ray" title="Tribute to Uncle Ray">Tribute to Uncle Ray</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Confession_Blues" title="Confession Blues">Confession Blues</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ray_Charles" title="Category:Ray Charles">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Ray_Charles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Ray_Charles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Ray Charles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Black_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Original_Score" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Black_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Original_Score" title="Template:Black Reel Award for Outstanding Original Score"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Black_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Original_Score" title="Template talk:Black Reel Award for Outstanding Original Score"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Black_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Original_Score" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Black Reel Award for Outstanding Original Score"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Black_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Original_Score" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Black_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Original_Score" title="Black Reel Award for Outstanding Original Score">Black Reel Award for Outstanding Original Score</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a> and Stephen Altman (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mason_Jr." title="Harvey Mason Jr.">Harvey Mason Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Underdogs_(record_producers)" title="The Underdogs (record producers)">Damon Thomas</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._R._Rahman" title="A. R. Rahman">A. R. Rahman</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Roots" title="The Roots">The Roots</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newman" title="Thomas Newman">Thomas Newman</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Romer" title="Dan Romer">Dan Romer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benh_Zeitlin" title="Benh Zeitlin">Benh Zeitlin</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Zimmer" title="Hans Zimmer">Hans Zimmer</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Moran_(musician)" title="Jason Moran (musician)">Jason Moran</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Trapanese" title="Joseph Trapanese">Joseph Trapanese</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Britell" title="Nicholas Britell">Nicholas Britell</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Abels" title="Michael Abels">Michael Abels</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Britell" title="Nicholas Britell">Nicholas Britell</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Abels" title="Michael Abels">Michael Abels</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Reznor" title="Trent Reznor">Trent Reznor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atticus_Ross" title="Atticus Ross">Atticus Ross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Batiste" title="Jon Batiste">Jon Batiste</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeymes_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeymes Samuel">Jeymes Samuel</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Blanchard" title="Terence Blanchard">Terence Blanchard</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Bowers" title="Kris Bowers">Kris Bowers</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Template:Grammy Award for Album of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Album of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Album of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Album of the Year">Grammy Award for Album of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Music_from_Peter_Gunn" title="The Music from Peter Gunn">The Music from Peter Gunn</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Come_Dance_with_Me!_(album)" title="Come Dance with Me! (album)">Come Dance with Me!</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1959)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Button-Down_Mind_of_Bob_Newhart" title="The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart">The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Bob_Newhart" title="Bob Newhart">Bob Newhart</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Judy_at_Carnegie_Hall" title="Judy at Carnegie Hall">Judy at Carnegie Hall</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Family_(album)" title="The First Family (album)">The First Family</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Vaughn_Meader" title="Vaughn Meader">Vaughn Meader</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Barbra_Streisand_Album" title="The Barbra Streisand Album">The Barbra Streisand Album</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Getz/Gilberto" title="Getz/Gilberto">Getz/Gilberto</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto" title="João Gilberto">João Gilberto</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/September_of_My_Years" title="September of My Years">September of My Years</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_and_His_Music" title="A Man and His Music">A Man and His Music</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/By_the_Time_I_Get_to_Phoenix_(Glen_Campbell_album)" title="By the Time I Get to Phoenix (Glen Campbell album)">By the Time I Get to Phoenix</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Blood,_Sweat_%26_Tears_(Blood,_Sweat_%26_Tears_album)" title="Blood, Sweat & Tears (Blood, Sweat & Tears album)">Blood, Sweat & Tears</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Blood,_Sweat_%26_Tears" title="Blood, Sweat & Tears">Blood, Sweat & Tears</a> (1969)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_over_Troubled_Water" title="Bridge over Troubled Water">Bridge over Troubled Water</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Tapestry_(Carole_King_album)" title="Tapestry (Carole King album)">Tapestry</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Concert_for_Bangladesh_(album)" title="The Concert for Bangladesh (album)">The Concert for Bangladesh</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a> & Friends (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Innervisions" title="Innervisions">Innervisions</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fulfillingness%27_First_Finale" title="Fulfillingness' First Finale">Fulfillingness' First Finale</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Crazy_After_All_These_Years" title="Still Crazy After All These Years">Still Crazy After All These Years</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_in_the_Key_of_Life" title="Songs in the Key of Life">Songs in the Key of Life</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Rumours_(album)" title="Rumours (album)">Rumours</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac" title="Fleetwood Mac">Fleetwood Mac</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Fever_(soundtrack)" title="Saturday Night Fever (soundtrack)">Saturday Night Fever</a></i> – Various Artists (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/52nd_Street_(album)" title="52nd Street (album)">52nd Street</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a> (1979)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cross_(album)" title="Christopher Cross (album)">Christopher Cross</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cross" title="Christopher Cross">Christopher Cross</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Double_Fantasy" title="Double Fantasy">Double Fantasy</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> & <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Toto_IV" title="Toto IV">Toto IV</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Toto_(band)" title="Toto (band)">Toto</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(album)" title="Thriller (album)">Thriller</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Slow_Down_(Lionel_Richie_album)" title="Can't Slow Down (Lionel Richie album)">Can't Slow Down</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/No_Jacket_Required" title="No Jacket Required">No Jacket Required</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Graceland_(album)" title="Graceland (album)">Graceland</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Joshua_Tree" title="The Joshua Tree">The Joshua Tree</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Faith_(George_Michael_album)" title="Faith (George Michael album)">Faith</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/George_Michael" title="George Michael">George Michael</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nick_of_Time_(album)" title="Nick of Time (album)">Nick of Time</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a> (1989)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Back_on_the_Block" title="Back on the Block">Back on the Block</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> and Various Artists (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Unforgettable..._with_Love" title="Unforgettable... with Love">Unforgettable... with Love</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Unplugged_(Eric_Clapton_album)" title="Unplugged (Eric Clapton album)">Unplugged</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bodyguard_(soundtrack)" title="The Bodyguard (soundtrack)">The Bodyguard</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/MTV_Unplugged_(Tony_Bennett_album)" title="MTV Unplugged (Tony Bennett album)">MTV Unplugged</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Jagged_Little_Pill" title="Jagged Little Pill">Jagged Little Pill</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Alanis_Morissette" title="Alanis Morissette">Alanis Morissette</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Falling_into_You" title="Falling into You">Falling into You</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Time_Out_of_Mind_(Bob_Dylan_album)" title="Time Out of Mind (Bob Dylan album)">Time Out of Mind</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Miseducation_of_Lauryn_Hill" title="The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill">The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Hill" title="Lauryn Hill">Lauryn Hill</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_(Santana_album)" title="Supernatural (Santana album)">Supernatural</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Santana_(band)" title="Santana (band)">Santana</a> (1999)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Against_Nature" title="Two Against Nature">Two Against Nature</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Steely_Dan" title="Steely Dan">Steely Dan</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/O_Brother,_Where_Art_Thou%3F_(soundtrack)" title="O Brother, Where Art Thou? (soundtrack)">O Brother, Where Art Thou?</a></i> – Various Artists (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Come_Away_with_Me" title="Come Away with Me">Come Away with Me</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Speakerboxxx/The_Love_Below" title="Speakerboxxx/The Love Below">Speakerboxxx/The Love Below</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Outkast" title="Outkast">Outkast</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Genius_Loves_Company" title="Genius Loves Company">Genius Loves Company</a></i> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a> & Various Artists (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Dismantle_an_Atomic_Bomb" title="How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb">How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_Long_Way" title="Taking the Long Way">Taking the Long Way</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Chicks" title="The Chicks">Dixie Chicks</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/River:_The_Joni_Letters" title="River: The Joni Letters">River: The Joni Letters</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Raising_Sand" title="Raising Sand">Raising Sand</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Plant" title="Robert Plant">Robert Plant</a> & <a href="/wiki/Alison_Krauss" title="Alison Krauss">Alison Krauss</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fearless_(Taylor_Swift_album)" title="Fearless (Taylor Swift album)">Fearless</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2009)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Suburbs" title="The Suburbs">The Suburbs</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Arcade_Fire" title="Arcade Fire">Arcade Fire</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/21_(Adele_album)" title="21 (Adele album)">21</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Babel_(Mumford_%26_Sons_album)" title="Babel (Mumford & Sons album)">Babel</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Mumford_%26_Sons" title="Mumford & Sons">Mumford & Sons</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Random_Access_Memories" title="Random Access Memories">Random Access Memories</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Daft_Punk" title="Daft Punk">Daft Punk</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Phase" title="Morning Phase">Morning Phase</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Beck" title="Beck">Beck</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/1989_(album)" title="1989 (album)">1989</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/25_(Adele_album)" title="25 (Adele album)">25</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/24K_Magic_(album)" title="24K Magic (album)">24K Magic</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Hour_(Kacey_Musgraves_album)" title="Golden Hour (Kacey Musgraves album)">Golden Hour</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Kacey_Musgraves" title="Kacey Musgraves">Kacey Musgraves</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/When_We_All_Fall_Asleep,_Where_Do_We_Go%3F" title="When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?">When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> (2019)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Folklore_(Taylor_Swift_album)" title="Folklore (Taylor Swift album)">Folklore</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/We_Are_(Jon_Batiste_album)" title="We Are (Jon Batiste album)">We Are</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Jon_Batiste" title="Jon Batiste">Jon Batiste</a> (2021) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Harry%27s_House" title="Harry's House">Harry's House</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Harry_Styles" title="Harry Styles">Harry Styles</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Midnights" title="Midnights">Midnights</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Template:Grammy Award for Record of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Record of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Record of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Record of the Year">Grammy Award for Record of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Nel_blu,_dipinto_di_blu_(song)" title="Nel blu, dipinto di blu (song)">Nel Blu Dipinto Di Blu (Volare)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Modugno" title="Domenico Modugno">Domenico Modugno</a> (1958)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mack_the_Knife" title="Mack the Knife">Mack the Knife</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Darin" title="Bobby Darin">Bobby Darin</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Theme_from_A_Summer_Place" title="Theme from A Summer Place">Theme from <i>A Summer Place</i></a>" – <a href="/wiki/Percy_Faith" title="Percy Faith">Percy Faith</a> (1960)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Moon_River" title="Moon River">Moon River</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a> (1961)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Left_My_Heart_in_San_Francisco" title="I Left My Heart in San Francisco">I Left My Heart in San Francisco</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a> (1962)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Days_of_Wine_and_Roses_(song)" title="Days of Wine and Roses (song)">Days of Wine and Roses</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a> (1963)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Girl_from_Ipanema" title="The Girl from Ipanema">The Girl from Ipanema</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Astrud_Gilberto" title="Astrud Gilberto">Astrud Gilberto</a> & <a href="/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a> (1964)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Taste_of_Honey_(song)" title="A Taste of Honey (song)">A Taste of Honey</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Herb_Alpert" title="Herb Alpert">Herb Alpert</a> & the Tijuana Brass (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strangers_in_the_Night" title="Strangers in the Night">Strangers in the Night</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1966)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Up,_Up_and_Away_(song)" title="Up, Up and Away (song)">Up, Up and Away</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_5th_Dimension" title="The 5th Dimension">The 5th Dimension</a> (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mrs._Robinson" title="Mrs. Robinson">Mrs. Robinson</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a> (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Aquarius/Let_the_Sunshine_In" title="Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In">Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_5th_Dimension" title="The 5th Dimension">The 5th Dimension</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Bridge_over_Troubled_Water_(song)" title="Bridge over Troubled Water (song)">Bridge over Troubled Water</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a> (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Too_Late_(Carole_King_song)" title="It's Too Late (Carole King song)">It's Too Late</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a> (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_First_Time_Ever_I_Saw_Your_Face" title="The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face">The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a> (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Killing_Me_Softly_with_His_Song" title="Killing Me Softly with His Song">Killing Me Softly with His Song</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a> (1973)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Honestly_Love_You" title="I Honestly Love You">I Honestly Love You</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a> (1974)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Will_Keep_Us_Together" title="Love Will Keep Us Together">Love Will Keep Us Together</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Captain_%26_Tennille" title="Captain & Tennille">Captain & Tennille</a> (1975)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Masquerade" title="This Masquerade">This Masquerade</a>" – <a href="/wiki/George_Benson" title="George Benson">George Benson</a> (1976)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hotel_California" title="Hotel California">Hotel California</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">Eagles</a> (1977)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_the_Way_You_Are_(Billy_Joel_song)" title="Just the Way You Are (Billy Joel song)">Just the Way You Are</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a> (1978)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_a_Fool_Believes" title="What a Fool Believes">What a Fool Believes</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_Doobie_Brothers" title="The Doobie Brothers">The Doobie Brothers</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Sailing_(Christopher_Cross_song)" title="Sailing (Christopher Cross song)">Sailing</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cross" title="Christopher Cross">Christopher Cross</a> (1980)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis_Eyes" title="Bette Davis Eyes">Bette Davis Eyes</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Kim_Carnes" title="Kim Carnes">Kim Carnes</a> (1981)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rosanna_(song)" title="Rosanna (song)">Rosanna</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Toto_(band)" title="Toto (band)">Toto</a> (1982)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beat_It" title="Beat It">Beat It</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (1983)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What%27s_Love_Got_to_Do_with_It_(song)" title="What's Love Got to Do with It (song)">What's Love Got to Do with It</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a> (1984)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_World" title="We Are the World">We Are the World</a>" – <a href="/wiki/USA_for_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="USA for Africa">USA for Africa</a> (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Higher_Love" title="Higher Love">Higher Love</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Steve_Winwood" title="Steve Winwood">Steve Winwood</a> (1986)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Graceland_(song)" title="Graceland (song)">Graceland</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Worry,_Be_Happy" title="Don't Worry, Be Happy">Don't Worry, Be Happy</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin" title="Bobby McFerrin">Bobby McFerrin</a> (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wind_Beneath_My_Wings" title="Wind Beneath My Wings">Wind Beneath My Wings</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Another_Day_in_Paradise" title="Another Day in Paradise">Another Day in Paradise</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> (1990)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Unforgettable_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Unforgettable (Nat King Cole song)">Unforgettable</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Cole" title="Natalie Cole">Natalie Cole</a> with <a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a> (1991)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tears_in_Heaven" title="Tears in Heaven">Tears in Heaven</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Will_Always_Love_You" title="I Will Always Love You">I Will Always Love You</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a> (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_I_Wanna_Do_(Sheryl_Crow_song)" title="All I Wanna Do (Sheryl Crow song)">All I Wanna Do</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Crow" title="Sheryl Crow">Sheryl Crow</a> (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kiss_from_a_Rose" title="Kiss from a Rose">Kiss from a Rose</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Seal_(musician)" title="Seal (musician)">Seal</a> (1995)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Change_the_World" title="Change the World">Change the World</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> (1996)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sunny_Came_Home" title="Sunny Came Home">Sunny Came Home</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Colvin" title="Shawn Colvin">Shawn Colvin</a> (1997)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On" title="My Heart Will Go On">My Heart Will Go On</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Smooth_(Santana_song)" title="Smooth (Santana song)">Smooth</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Santana_(band)" title="Santana (band)">Santana</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Rob_Thomas_(musician)" title="Rob Thomas (musician)">Rob Thomas</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Day" title="Beautiful Day">Beautiful Day</a>" – <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (2000)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Walk_On_(U2_song)" title="Walk On (U2 song)">Walk On</a>" – <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (2001)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Know_Why" title="Don't Know Why">Don't Know Why</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a> (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Clocks_(song)" title="Clocks (song)">Clocks</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a> (2003)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Here_We_Go_Again_(Ray_Charles_song)" title="Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)">Here We Go Again</a>" – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a> & <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a> (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boulevard_of_Broken_Dreams_(Green_Day_song)" title="Boulevard of Broken Dreams (Green Day song)">Boulevard of Broken Dreams</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a> (2005)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Not_Ready_to_Make_Nice" title="Not Ready to Make Nice">Not Ready to Make Nice</a>" – <a href="/wiki/The_Chicks" title="The Chicks">Dixie Chicks</a> (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rehab_(Amy_Winehouse_song)" title="Rehab (Amy Winehouse song)">Rehab</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Amy_Winehouse" title="Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse</a> (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Please_Read_the_Letter" title="Please Read the Letter">Please Read the Letter</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Alison_Krauss" title="Alison Krauss">Alison Krauss</a> & <a href="/wiki/Robert_Plant" title="Robert Plant">Robert Plant</a> (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Use_Somebody" title="Use Somebody">Use Somebody</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Leon" title="Kings of Leon">Kings of Leon</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Need_You_Now_(Lady_Antebellum_song)" title="Need You Now (Lady Antebellum song)">Need You Now</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Antebellum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Antebellum">Lady Antebellum</a> (2010)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rolling_in_the_Deep" title="Rolling in the Deep">Rolling in the Deep</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somebody_That_I_Used_to_Know" title="Somebody That I Used to Know">Somebody That I Used to Know</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Gotye" title="Gotye">Gotye</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Kimbra" title="Kimbra">Kimbra</a> (2012)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Get_Lucky_(Daft_Punk_song)" title="Get Lucky (Daft Punk song)">Get Lucky</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Daft_Punk" title="Daft Punk">Daft Punk</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Pharrell_Williams" title="Pharrell Williams">Pharrell Williams</a> & <a href="/wiki/Nile_Rodgers" title="Nile Rodgers">Nile Rodgers</a> (2013)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stay_with_Me_(Sam_Smith_song)" title="Stay with Me (Sam Smith song)">Stay with Me</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Rodney_Jerkins" title="Rodney Jerkins">Darkchild</a> version) – <a href="/wiki/Sam_Smith" title="Sam Smith">Sam Smith</a> (2014)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Uptown_Funk" title="Uptown Funk">Uptown Funk</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ronson" title="Mark Ronson">Mark Ronson</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (2015)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hello_(Adele_song)" title="Hello (Adele song)">Hello</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2016)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/24K_Magic_(song)" title="24K Magic (song)">24K Magic</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (2017)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)" title="This Is America (song)">This Is America</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Donald_Glover" title="Donald Glover">Childish Gambino</a> (2018)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bad_Guy_(Billie_Eilish_song)" title="Bad Guy (Billie Eilish song)">Bad Guy</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Everything_I_Wanted" title="Everything I Wanted">Everything I Wanted</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> (2020)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Leave_the_Door_Open" title="Leave the Door Open">Leave the Door Open</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Silk_Sonic" title="Silk Sonic">Silk Sonic</a> (2021)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/About_Damn_Time" title="About Damn Time">About Damn Time</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Lizzo" title="Lizzo">Lizzo</a> (2022)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flowers_(Miley_Cyrus_song)" title="Flowers (Miley Cyrus song)">Flowers</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Miley_Cyrus" title="Miley Cyrus">Miley Cyrus</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Male_Pop_Vocal_Performance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Male_Pop_Vocal_Performance" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Male_Pop_Vocal_Performance" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Male_Pop_Vocal_Performance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Male_Pop_Vocal_Performance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Male_Pop_Vocal_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance">Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Catch_a_Falling_Star" title="Catch a Falling Star">Catch a Falling Star</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Come_Dance_with_Me!_(album)" title="Come Dance with Me! (album)">Come Dance with Me!</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Georgia_on_My_Mind" title="Georgia on My Mind">Georgia on My Mind</a>" – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_Genius_of_Ray_Charles" title="The Genius of Ray Charles">The Genius of Ray Charles</a></i> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a> (1960)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lollipops_and_Roses_(song)" title="Lollipops and Roses (song)">Lollipops and Roses</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Jack_Jones_(American_singer)" title="Jack Jones (American singer)">Jack Jones</a> (1961)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Left_My_Heart_in_San_Francisco" title="I Left My Heart in San Francisco">I Left My Heart in San Francisco</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a> (1962)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wives_and_Lovers" title="Wives and Lovers">Wives and Lovers</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Jack_Jones_(American_singer)" title="Jack Jones (American singer)">Jack Jones</a> (1963)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hello,_Dolly!_(song)" title="Hello, Dolly! (song)">Hello, Dolly!</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> (1964)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It_Was_a_Very_Good_Year" title="It Was a Very Good Year">It Was a Very Good Year</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1965)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strangers_in_the_Night" title="Strangers in the Night">Strangers in the Night</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (1966)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/By_the_Time_I_Get_to_Phoenix" title="By the Time I Get to Phoenix">By the Time I Get to Phoenix</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a> (1967)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Light_My_Fire#Jos.C3.A9_Feliciano_cover" title="Light My Fire">Light My Fire</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Feliciano" title="José Feliciano">José Feliciano</a> (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Everybody%27s_Talkin%27" title="Everybody's Talkin'">Everybody's Talkin'</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Harry_Nilsson" title="Harry Nilsson">Harry Nilsson</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Everything_Is_Beautiful" title="Everything Is Beautiful">Everything Is Beautiful</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Ray_Stevens" title="Ray Stevens">Ray Stevens</a> (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ve_Got_a_Friend" title="You've Got a Friend">You've Got a Friend</a>" – <a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a> (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Without_You_(Badfinger_song)#Harry_Nilsson_version" title="Without You (Badfinger song)">Without You</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Harry_Nilsson" title="Harry Nilsson">Harry Nilsson</a> (1972)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Are_the_Sunshine_of_My_Life" title="You Are the Sunshine of My Life">You Are the Sunshine of My Life</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fulfillingness%27_First_Finale" title="Fulfillingness' First Finale">Fulfillingness' First Finale</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Crazy_After_All_These_Years" title="Still Crazy After All These Years">Still Crazy After All These Years</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_in_the_Key_of_Life" title="Songs in the Key of Life">Songs in the Key of Life</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1976)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Handy_Man_(song)" title="Handy Man (song)">Handy Man</a>" – <a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a> (1977)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Copacabana_(song)" title="Copacabana (song)">Copacabana (At the Copa)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/52nd_Street_(album)" title="52nd Street (album)">52nd Street</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_It_(Kenny_Loggins_song)" title="This Is It (Kenny Loggins song)">This Is It</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Loggins" title="Kenny Loggins">Kenny Loggins</a> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breakin%27_Away_(album)" title="Breakin' Away (album)">Breakin' Away</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Al_Jarreau" title="Al Jarreau">Al Jarreau</a> (1981)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Truly_(Lionel_Richie_song)" title="Truly (Lionel Richie song)">Truly</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(album)" title="Thriller (album)">Thriller</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> (1983)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Against_All_Odds_(Take_a_Look_at_Me_Now)" title="Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)">Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Jacket_Required" title="No Jacket Required">No Jacket Required</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> (1985)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Higher_Love" title="Higher Love">Higher Love</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Steve_Winwood" title="Steve Winwood">Steve Winwood</a> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bring_On_the_Night" title="Bring On the Night">Bring On the Night</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (1987)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Worry,_Be_Happy" title="Don't Worry, Be Happy">Don't Worry, Be Happy</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin" title="Bobby McFerrin">Bobby McFerrin</a> (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Am_I_Supposed_to_Live_Without_You#Michael_Bolton_version" title="How Am I Supposed to Live Without You">How Am I Supposed to Live Without You</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bolton" title="Michael Bolton">Michael Bolton</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh,_Pretty_Woman" title="Oh, Pretty Woman">Oh, Pretty Woman (live 1987)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a> (1990)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_a_Man_Loves_a_Woman_(song)" title="When a Man Loves a Woman (song)">When a Man Loves a Woman</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bolton" title="Michael Bolton">Michael Bolton</a> (1991)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tears_in_Heaven" title="Tears in Heaven">Tears in Heaven</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/If_I_Ever_Lose_My_Faith_in_You" title="If I Ever Lose My Faith in You">If I Ever Lose My Faith in You</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (1993)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can_You_Feel_the_Love_Tonight" title="Can You Feel the Love Tonight">Can You Feel the Love Tonight</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kiss_from_a_Rose" title="Kiss from a Rose">Kiss from a Rose</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Seal_(musician)" title="Seal (musician)">Seal</a> (1995)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Change_the_World" title="Change the World">Change the World</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> (1996)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Candle_in_the_Wind_1997" title="Candle in the Wind 1997">Candle in the Wind 1997</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> (1997)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Father%27s_Eyes_(song)" title="My Father's Eyes (song)">My Father's Eyes</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> (1998)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Brand_New_Day_(Sting_song)" title="Brand New Day (Sting song)">Brand New Day</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"She Walks This Earth" – <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (2000)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Let_Me_Be_Lonely_Tonight" title="Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight">Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight</a>" – <a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a> (2001)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Your_Body_Is_a_Wonderland" title="Your Body Is a Wonderland">Your Body Is a Wonderland</a>" – <a href="/wiki/John_Mayer" title="John Mayer">John Mayer</a> (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cry_Me_a_River_(Justin_Timberlake_song)" title="Cry Me a River (Justin Timberlake song)">Cry Me a River</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a> (2003)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Daughters_(John_Mayer_song)" title="Daughters (John Mayer song)">Daughters</a>" – <a href="/wiki/John_Mayer" title="John Mayer">John Mayer</a> (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/From_the_Bottom_of_My_Heart_(Stevie_Wonder_song)" title="From the Bottom of My Heart (Stevie Wonder song)">From the Bottom of My Heart</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (2005)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Waiting_on_the_World_to_Change" title="Waiting on the World to Change">Waiting on the World to Change</a>" – <a href="/wiki/John_Mayer" title="John Mayer">John Mayer</a> (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Goes_Around..._Comes_Around" title="What Goes Around... Comes Around">What Goes Around... Comes Around</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a> (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Say_(John_Mayer_song)" title="Say (John Mayer song)">Say</a>" – <a href="/wiki/John_Mayer" title="John Mayer">John Mayer</a> (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Make_It_Mine" title="Make It Mine">Make It Mine</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Jason_Mraz" title="Jason Mraz">Jason Mraz</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_the_Way_You_Are_(Bruno_Mars_song)" title="Just the Way You Are (Bruno Mars song)">Just the Way You Are</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Vocal_Album" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Vocal_Album" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Vocal_Album" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Vocal_Album" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Vocal_Album" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Pop_Vocal_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album">Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Longing_in_Their_Hearts" title="Longing in Their Hearts">Longing in Their Hearts</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turbulent_Indigo" title="Turbulent Indigo">Turbulent Indigo</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falling_into_You" title="Falling into You">Falling into You</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Celine_Dion" title="Celine Dion">Celine Dion</a> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hourglass_(James_Taylor_album)" title="Hourglass (James Taylor album)">Hourglass</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ray_of_Light" title="Ray of Light">Ray of Light</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brand_New_Day_(Sting_album)" title="Brand New Day (Sting album)">Brand New Day</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Against_Nature" title="Two Against Nature">Two Against Nature</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Steely_Dan" title="Steely Dan">Steely Dan</a> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lovers_Rock_(Sade_album)" title="Lovers Rock (Sade album)">Lovers Rock</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Sade_(band)" title="Sade (band)">Sade</a> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Come_Away_with_Me" title="Come Away with Me">Come Away with Me</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Justified_(album)" title="Justified (album)">Justified</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genius_Loves_Company" title="Genius Loves Company">Genius Loves Company</a></i> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a> and various artists (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breakaway_(Kelly_Clarkson_album)" title="Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson album)">Breakaway</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Continuum_(John_Mayer_album)" title="Continuum (John Mayer album)">Continuum</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/John_Mayer" title="John Mayer">John Mayer</a> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_Black" title="Back to Black">Back to Black</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Amy_Winehouse" title="Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse</a> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rockferry" title="Rockferry">Rockferry</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Duffy_(singer)" title="Duffy (singer)">Duffy</a> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_E.N.D." title="The E.N.D.">The E.N.D.</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Black_Eyed_Peas" title="Black Eyed Peas">Black Eyed Peas</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fame_Monster" title="The Fame Monster">The Fame Monster</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/21_(Adele_album)" title="21 (Adele album)">21</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stronger_(Kelly_Clarkson_album)" title="Stronger (Kelly Clarkson album)">Stronger</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unorthodox_Jukebox" title="Unorthodox Jukebox">Unorthodox Jukebox</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Mars" title="Bruno Mars">Bruno Mars</a> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Lonely_Hour" title="In the Lonely Hour">In the Lonely Hour</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Sam_Smith" title="Sam Smith">Sam Smith</a> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1989_(album)" title="1989 (album)">1989</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/25_(Adele_album)" title="25 (Adele album)">25</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele</a> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%B7_(album)" title="÷ (album)">÷</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Ed_Sheeran" title="Ed Sheeran">Ed Sheeran</a> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweetener_(album)" title="Sweetener (album)">Sweetener</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/When_We_All_Fall_Asleep,_Where_Do_We_Go%3F" title="When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?">When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Future_Nostalgia" title="Future Nostalgia">Future Nostalgia</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Dua_Lipa" title="Dua Lipa">Dua Lipa</a> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sour_(album)" title="Sour (album)">Sour</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Olivia_Rodrigo" title="Olivia Rodrigo">Olivia Rodrigo</a> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harry%27s_House" title="Harry's House">Harry's House</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Harry_Styles" title="Harry Styles">Harry Styles</a> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Midnights" title="Midnights">Midnights</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><div>From 1968–1993, the category was discontinued.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Template talk:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1963–1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a></li></ul></li> <li>1967 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li></ul></li> <li>1968 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a></li></ul></li> <li>1972 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalia_Jackson" title="Mahalia Jackson">Mahalia Jackson</a></li></ul></li> <li>1984 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a></li></ul></li> <li>1985 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a></li></ul></li> <li>1986 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Segovia" title="Andrés Segovia">Andrés Segovia</a></li></ul></li> <li>1987 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Fats Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Herman" title="Woody Herman">Woody Herman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a></li></ul></li> <li>1989 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Casals" title="Pablo Casals">Pablo Casals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jascha_Heifetz" title="Jascha Heifetz">Jascha Heifetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Tatum" title="Art Tatum">Art Tatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Vaughan" title="Sarah Vaughan">Sarah Vaughan</a></li></ul></li> <li>1990 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1991–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Wells" title="Kitty Wells">Kitty Wells</a></li></ul></li> <li>1992 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a></li></ul></li> <li>1993 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chet_Atkins" title="Chet Atkins">Chet Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Waller" title="Fats Waller">Fats Waller</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Evans" title="Bill Evans">Bill Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rubinstein" title="Arthur Rubinstein">Arthur Rubinstein</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Cline" title="Patsy Cline">Patsy Cline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Lee" title="Peggy Lee">Peggy Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li></ul></li> <li>1996 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Georg Solti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Bland" title="Bobby Bland">Bobby "Blue" Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers" title="The Everly Brothers">The Everly Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Grappelli" title="Stéphane Grappelli">Stéphane Grappelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Peterson" title="Oscar Peterson">Oscar Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a></li></ul></li> <li>1998 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Diddley" title="Bo Diddley">Bo Diddley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mills_Brothers" title="The Mills Brothers">The Mills Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li></ul></li> <li>1999 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Redding" title="Otis Redding">Otis Redding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Torm%C3%A9" title="Mel Tormé">Mel Tormé</a></li></ul></li> <li>2000 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Hooker" title="John Lee Hooker">John Lee Hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Miller" title="Mitch Miller">Mitch Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a></li></ul></li> <li>2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Clooney" title="Rosemary Clooney">Rosemary Clooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Green" title="Al Green">Al Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mathis" title="Johnny Mathis">Johnny Mathis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Miller" title="Glenn Miller">Glenn Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Puente" title="Tito Puente">Tito Puente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a></li></ul></li> <li>2004 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Van_Cliburn" title="Van Cliburn">Van Cliburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Funk_Brothers" title="The Funk Brothers">The Funk Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Jenkins" title="Ella Jenkins">Ella Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Watson" title="Doc Watson">Doc Watson</a></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Arnold" title="Eddy Arnold">Eddy Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Carter_Family" title="Carter Family">Carter Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinetop_Perkins" title="Pinetop Perkins">Pinetop Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Staple_Singers" title="The Staple Singers">The Staple Singers</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_(band)" title="Cream (band)">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson" title="Robert Johnson">Robert Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">The Weavers</a></li></ul></li> <li>2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._%26_the_M.G.%27s" title="Booker T. & the M.G.'s">Booker T. & the M.G.'s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Callas" title="Maria Callas">Maria Callas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornette_Coleman" title="Ornette Coleman">Ornette Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Doors" title="The Doors">The Doors</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Wills" title="Bob Wills">Bob Wills</a></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Band" title="The Band">The Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cab Calloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Roach" title="Max Roach">Max Roach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Scruggs" title="Earl Scruggs">Earl Scruggs</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Autry" title="Gene Autry">Gene Autry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Boys_of_Alabama" title="The Blind Boys of Alabama">The Blind Boys of Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Tops" title="Four Tops">The Four Tops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Lee" title="Brenda Lee">Brenda Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Paxton" title="Tom Paxton">Tom Paxton</a></li></ul></li> <li>2010 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Darin" title="Bobby Darin">Bobby Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_%22Honeyboy%22_Edwards" title="David "Honeyboy" Edwards">David "Honeyboy" Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynn" title="Loretta Lynn">Loretta Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Terry" title="Clark Terry">Clark Terry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2011–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2011 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Haynes" title="Roy Haynes">Roy Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_String_Quartet" title="Juilliard String Quartet">Juilliard String Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kingston_Trio" title="The Kingston Trio">The Kingston Trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Beverly_Shea" title="George Beverly Shea">George Beverly Shea</a></li></ul></li> <li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Allman_Brothers_Band" title="The Allman Brothers Band">The Allman Brothers Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" title="Antônio Carlos Jobim">Antônio Carlos Jobim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Memphis_Horns" title="The Memphis Horns">The Memphis Horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Scott-Heron" title="Gil Scott-Heron">Gil Scott-Heron</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Gould" title="Glenn Gould">Glenn Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Haden" title="Charlie Haden">Charlie Haden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightnin%27_Hopkins" title="Lightnin' Hopkins">Lightnin' Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patti_Page" title="Patti Page">Patti Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a></li></ul></li> <li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Chenier" title="Clifton Chenier">Clifton Chenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">The Isley Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armando_Manzanero" title="Armando Manzanero">Armando Manzanero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Powell" title="Maud Powell">Maud Powell</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaco_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Flaco Jiménez">Flaco Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Louvin_Brothers" title="The Louvin Brothers">The Louvin Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Brown" title="Ruth Brown">Ruth Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-DMC" title="Run-DMC">Run-DMC</a></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Caesar" title="Shirley Caesar">Shirley Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Jamal" title="Ahmad Jamal">Ahmad Jamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Pride" title="Charley Pride">Charley Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers_(country_singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)">Jimmie Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Simone" title="Nina Simone">Nina Simone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly_Stone" title="Sly Stone">Sly Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">The Velvet Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Blaine" title="Hal Blaine">Hal Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jordan" title="Louis Jordan">Louis Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Meters" title="The Meters">The Meters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)" title="George Clinton (funk musician)">George Clinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliament-Funkadelic" title="Parliament-Funkadelic">Parliament-Funkadelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Eckstine" title="Billy Eckstine">Billy Eckstine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donny_Hathaway" title="Donny Hathaway">Donny Hathaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_%26_Dave" title="Sam & Dave">Sam & Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionne_Warwick" title="Dionne Warwick">Dionne Warwick</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prine" title="John Prine">John Prine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy" title="Public Enemy">Public Enemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Rosetta_Tharpe" title="Sister Rosetta Tharpe">Sister Rosetta Tharpe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash_and_the_Furious_Five" title="Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five">Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt-N-Pepa" title="Salt-N-Pepa">Salt-N-Pepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selena" title="Selena">Selena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin" title="Bobby McFerrin">Bobby McFerrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey" title="Ma Rainey">Ma Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slick_Rick" title="Slick Rick">Slick Rick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Rodgers" title="Nile Rodgers">Nile Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">The Supremes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Wilson" title="Ann Wilson">Ann Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(rock_musician)" title="Nancy Wilson (rock musician)">Nancy Wilson</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clark_Sisters" title="The Clark Sisters">The Clark Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight" title="Gladys Knight">Gladys Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N.W.A" title="N.W.A">N.W.A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Wynette" title="Tammy Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(1980s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Template talk:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(1980s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honorees</a> (1980s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_de_Mille" title="Agnes de Mille">Agnes de Mille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Fontanne" title="Lynn Fontanne">Lynn Fontanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Serkin" title="Rudolf Serkin">Rudolf Serkin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Ormandy" title="Eugene Ormandy">Eugene Ormandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Dunham" title="Katherine Dunham">Katherine Dunham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Thomson" title="Virgil Thomson">Virgil Thomson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Carlo_Menotti" title="Gian Carlo Menotti">Gian Carlo Menotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Merce Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Dunne" title="Irene Dunne">Irene Dunne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Lerner" title="Alan Jay Lerner">Alan Jay Lerner</a> & <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Loewe" title="Frederick Loewe">Frederick Loewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehudi_Menuhin" title="Yehudi Menuhin">Yehudi Menuhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Tudor" title="Antony Tudor">Antony Tudor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Milstein" title="Nathan Milstein">Nathan Milstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwin_Nikolais" title="Alwin Nikolais">Alwin Nikolais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey" title="Alvin Ailey">Alvin Ailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Burns" title="George Burns">George Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrna_Loy" title="Myrna Loy">Myrna Loy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Schneider" title="Alexander Schneider">Alexander Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Stevens" title="Roger L. Stevens">Roger L. Stevens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colbert" title="Claudette Colbert">Claudette Colbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Danilova" title="Alexandra Danilova">Alexandra Danilova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schuman" title="William Schuman">William Schuman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1970s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2010s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2020s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NAACP_Image_Award_–_Hall_of_Fame_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_%E2%80%93_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Template:NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NAACP_Image_Award_%E2%80%93_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Template talk:NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP_Image_Award_%E2%80%93_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NAACP_Image_Award_–_Hall_of_Fame_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_%E2%80%93_Hall_of_Fame_Award" title="NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award">NAACP Image Award – Hall of Fame Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Parks" title="Gordon Parks">Gordon Parks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alberta_Hunter" title="Alberta Hunter">Alberta Hunter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Rolle" title="Esther Rolle">Esther Rolle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linda_Hopkins" title="Linda Hopkins">Linda Hopkins</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James">Etta James</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Tops" title="Four Tops">Four Tops</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_O%27Jays" title="The O'Jays">The O'Jays</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Dells" title="The Dells">The Dells</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_McRae" title="Carmen McRae">Carmen McRae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Butler" title="Jerry Butler">Jerry Butler</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)" title="George Clinton (funk musician)">George Clinton</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(jazz_singer)" title="Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)">Nancy Wilson</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Isley_Brothers" title="The Isley Brothers">The Isley Brothers</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Battle" title="Kathleen Battle">Kathleen Battle</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2003)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Santana" title="Carlos Santana">Carlos Santana</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Avant" title="Clarence Avant">Clarence Avant</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(1990s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template talk:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(1990s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts recipients</a> (1990s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Merce Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Johns" title="Jasper Johns">Jasper Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Lawrence" title="Jacob Lawrence">Jacob Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">Riley "B.B." King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_Kreeger" title="David Lloyd Kreeger">David Lloyd Kreeger</a></li> <li>Harris & Carroll Sterling Masterson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McHarg" title="Ian McHarg">Ian McHarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BellSouth" title="BellSouth">Southeastern Bell Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Abravanel" title="Maurice Abravanel">Maurice Abravanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Belluschi" title="Pietro Belluschi">Pietro Belluschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Brown_III" class="mw-redirect" title="John Carter Brown III">John Carter Brown III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_%22Honi%22_Coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles "Honi" Coles">Charles "Honi" Coles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosby_(conductor)" title="John Crosby (conductor)">John Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Diebenkorn" title="Richard Diebenkorn">Richard Diebenkorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Philip_Hanes" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Philip Hanes">R. Philip Hanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Carlisle" title="Kitty Carlisle">Kitty Carlisle Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Primus" title="Pearl Primus">Pearl Primus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texaco" title="Texaco">Texaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Houser" title="Allan Houser">Allan Houser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnie_Pearl" title="Minnie Pearl">Minnie Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Saudek" title="Robert Saudek">Robert Saudek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Scruggs" title="Earl Scruggs">Earl Scruggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(conductor)" title="Robert Shaw (conductor)">Robert Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Taylor" title="Billy Taylor">Billy Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Venturi" title="Robert Venturi">Robert Venturi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denise_Scott_Brown" title="Denise Scott Brown">Denise Scott Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Acheson_Wallace" title="Lila Acheson Wallace">Lila Wallace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Annenberg" title="Walter Annenberg">Walter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonore_Annenberg" title="Leonore Annenberg">Leonore Annenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cabell "Cab" Calloway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Lomax_Hawes" title="Bess Lomax Hawes">Bess Lomax Hawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kunitz" title="Stanley Kunitz">Stanley Kunitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Merrill" title="Robert Merrill">Robert Merrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg" title="Robert Rauschenberg">Robert Rauschenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Richards" title="Lloyd Richards">Lloyd Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Taylor_(choreographer)" title="Paul Taylor (choreographer)">Paul Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_DeLay" title="Dorothy DeLay">Dorothy DeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erick_Hawkins" title="Erick Hawkins">Erick Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Thiebaud" title="Wayne Thiebaud">Wayne Thiebaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wilbur" title="Richard Wilbur">Richard Wilbur</a></li> <li>Young Audiences</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licia_Albanese" title="Licia Albanese">Licia Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Gerald_Cantor" title="B. Gerald Cantor">B. Gerald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iris_Cantor" title="Iris Cantor">Iris Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Diamond_(composer)" title="David Diamond (composer)">David Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ingo_Freed" title="James Ingo Freed">James Ingo Freed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein" title="Roy Lichtenstein">Roy Lichtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Mitchell_(dancer)" title="Arthur Mitchell (dancer)">Arthur Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a></li> <li>Urban Gateways</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Caldwell" title="Sarah Caldwell">Sarah Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Callahan_(photographer)" title="Harry Callahan (photographer)">Harry Callahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelda_Fichandler" title="Zelda Fichandler">Zelda Fichandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalo_Guerrero" title="Lalo Guerrero">Eduardo "Lalo" Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Lewitzky" title="Bella Lewitzky">Bella Lewitzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Vera List">Vera List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Sendak" title="Maurice Sendak">Maurice Sendak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boys_Choir_of_Harlem" title="Boys Choir of Harlem">Boys Choir of Harlem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Carter" title="Betty Carter">Betty Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Gund" title="Agnes Gund">Agnes Gund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Kiley" title="Dan Kiley">Daniel Urban Kiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Puente" title="Tito Puente">Tito Puente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Villella" title="Edward Villella">Edward Villella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Watson" title="Doc Watson">Doc Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDowell_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="MacDowell Colony">MacDowell Colony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_d%27Amboise_(dancer)" title="Jacques d'Amboise (dancer)">Jacques d'Amboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Antoine "Fats" Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramblin%27_Jack_Elliott" title="Ramblin' Jack Elliott">Ramblin' Jack Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Handman" title="Barbara Handman">Barbara Handman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Martin" title="Agnes Martin">Agnes Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Peters" title="Roberta Peters">Roberta Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Lee_Corporation" title="Sara Lee Corporation">Sara Lee Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppenwolf_Theatre_Company" title="Steppenwolf Theatre Company">Steppenwolf Theatre Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Verdon" title="Gwen Verdon">Gwen Verdon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Diamond" title="Irene Diamond">Irene Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Graves" title="Michael Graves">Michael Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odetta" title="Odetta">Odetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_LeNoire" title="Rosetta LeNoire">Rosetta LeNoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Lichtenstein" title="Harvey Lichtenstein">Harvey Lichtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Mendoza" title="Lydia Mendoza">Lydia Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Segal_(artist)" title="George Segal (artist)">George Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_National_Medal_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Polar_Music_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polar_Music_Prize" title="Template:Polar Music Prize"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polar_Music_Prize" title="Template talk:Polar Music Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polar_Music_Prize" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polar Music Prize"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Polar_Music_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Polar_Music_Prize" title="Polar Music Prize">Polar Music Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> / the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Witold_Lutos%C5%82awski" title="Witold Lutosławski">Witold Lutosławski</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Harnoncourt" title="Nikolaus Harnoncourt">Nikolaus Harnoncourt</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovich" title="Mstislav Rostropovich">Mstislav Rostropovich</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Ericson" title="Eric Ericson">Eric Ericson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> / <a href="/wiki/Iannis_Xenakis" title="Iannis Xenakis">Iannis Xenakis</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog">Robert Moog</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Makeba" title="Miriam Makeba">Miriam Makeba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sofia_Gubaidulina" title="Sofia Gubaidulina">Sofia Gubaidulina</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Jarrett" title="Keith Jarrett">Keith Jarrett</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti" title="György Ligeti">György Ligeti</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Gil" title="Gilberto Gil">Gilberto Gil</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Fischer-Dieskau" title="Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau">Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Valery_Gergiev" title="Valery Gergiev">Valery Gergiev</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_Reich" title="Steve Reich">Steve Reich</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Fleming" title="Renée Fleming">Renée Fleming</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Abreu" title="José Antonio Abreu">José Antonio Abreu</a> / <a href="/wiki/El_Sistema" title="El Sistema">El Sistema</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronos_Quartet" title="Kronos Quartet">Kronos Quartet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Patti_Smith" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youssou_N%27Dour" title="Youssou N'Dour">Youssou N'Dour</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kaija_Saariaho" title="Kaija Saariaho">Kaija Saariaho</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellars" title="Peter Sellars">Peter Sellars</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Glennie" title="Evelyn Glennie">Evelyn Glennie</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Martin" title="Max Martin">Max Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Bartoli" title="Cecilia Bartoli">Cecilia Bartoli</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_National_Institute_of_Music" title="Afghanistan National Institute of Music">Afghanistan National Institute of Music</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash" title="Grandmaster Flash">Grandmaster Flash</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne-Sophie_Mutter" title="Anne-Sophie Mutter">Anne-Sophie Mutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Playing_for_Change" title="Playing for Change">Playing for Change</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d3d3d3;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Netrebko" title="Anna Netrebko">Anna Netrebko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_intercontemporain" title="Ensemble intercontemporain">Ensemble intercontemporain</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Blackwell" title="Chris Blackwell">Chris Blackwell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lique_Kidjo" title="Angélique Kidjo">Angélique Kidjo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arvo_P%C3%A4rt" title="Arvo Pärt">Arvo Pärt</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_Rodgers" title="Nile Rodgers">Nile Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Esa-Pekka_Salonen" title="Esa-Pekka Salonen">Esa-Pekka Salonen</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1986" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1986_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:1986 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1986_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template 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Brown</a></b></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sam_Cooke" title="Sam Cooke">Sam Cooke</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Fats Domino</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers" title="The Everly Brothers">The Everly Brothers</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Everly" title="Don Everly">Don Everly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Everly" title="Phil Everly">Phil Everly</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson" title="Robert Johnson">Robert Johnson</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers" title="Jimmie Rodgers">Jimmie Rodgers</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Yancey" title="Jimmy Yancey">Jimmy Yancey</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers<br />(Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Alan_Freed" title="Alan Freed">Alan Freed</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips">Sam Phillips</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifetime achievement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Hammond_(record_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hammond (record producer)">John Hammond</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Country_Music_Hall_of_Fame_2020s" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2020s_Country_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:2020s Country 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Dillon">Dean Dillon</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Stuart" title="Marty Stuart">Marty Stuart</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams_Jr." title="Hank Williams Jr.">Hank Williams Jr.</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bayers" title="Eddie Bayers">Eddie Bayers</a> (2021)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ray Charles</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Drake" title="Pete Drake">Pete Drake</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Judds" title="The Judds">The Judds</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Galante" title="Joe Galante">Joe Galante</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Whitley" title="Keith Whitley">Keith Whitley</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_McDill" title="Bob McDill">Bob McDill</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Loveless" title="Patty Loveless">Patty Loveless</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Tucker" title="Tanya Tucker">Tanya Tucker</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson_(singer)" title="John Anderson (singer)">John Anderson</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burton" title="James Burton">James Burton</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_Keith" title="Toby Keith">Toby Keith</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544387#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544387#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544387#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114318819">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/103647937">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/18176/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcKKtPP4XcgvcPPk8yw4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118675605">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50055897">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135222524">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135222524">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01008014">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Charles, Ray"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV232240">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35817042">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2002105756&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX852324">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p082115311">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/66634">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000065583&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000007019&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000680784">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201953659">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/c9pswwjw1b19grf">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810648316205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007447433205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000187015">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060934660906706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14517314">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA15919397?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ray Charles (soul musician, singer and songwriter)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/2ce02909-598b-44ef-a456-151ba0a3bd70">MusicBrainz</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/ray-charles/10927">Grammy Awards</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1101009">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118675605.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118675605">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029953456">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582967">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6nk3jsn">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&oldid=1259626564">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ray_Charles&oldid=1259626564</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ray_Charles" title="Category:Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1930_births" title="Category:1930 births">1930 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2004_deaths" 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