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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Life_and_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_and_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Life and career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Life_and_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Life and career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Life_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Early life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Academic career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Political career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Public life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Taste </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thought_and_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thought_and_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Thought and positions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Thought_and_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Thought and positions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Thought_and_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subjectivity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subjectivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Subjectivity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subjectivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Political theory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Ideology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Freedom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Theology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Communism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Electoral politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Support_for_Donald_Trump's_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_for_Donald_Trump's_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.1 Support for Donald Trump's election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_for_Donald_Trump's_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Social issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_and_multiculturalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_and_multiculturalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.1 Europe and multiculturalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_and_multiculturalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transgender_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transgender_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.2 Transgender issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transgender_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_and_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_and_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Criticism and controversy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism_and_controversy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism and controversy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism_and_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inconsistency_and_ambiguity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inconsistency_and_ambiguity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Inconsistency and ambiguity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inconsistency_and_ambiguity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stylistic_confusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stylistic_confusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Stylistic confusion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stylistic_confusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Careless_scholarship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Careless_scholarship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Careless scholarship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Careless_scholarship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_plagiarism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_plagiarism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Allegations of plagiarism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_plagiarism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Slavoj Žižek</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" > 70 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%83" title="سلافوي جيجك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلافوي جيجك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoi_Jijec" title="Slavoi Jijec – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Slavoi Jijec" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoy_Jijek" title="Slavoy Jijek – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Slavoy Jijek" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95" title="স্লাভয় জিজেক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্লাভয় জিজেক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Славай Жыжак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Славай Жыжак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BA" title="Славой Жыжэк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Славой Жыжэк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Славой Жижек – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Славой Жижек" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8A_%CE%96%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%BA" title="Σλάβοϊ Ζίζεκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σλάβοϊ Ζίζεκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%DA%98%DB%8C%DA%98%DA%A9" title="اسلاوی ژیژک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسلاوی ژیژک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4%EC%98%88_%EC%A7%80%EC%A0%9D" title="슬라보예 지젝 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="슬라보예 지젝" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%B5_%D4%BA%D5%AB%D5%AA%D5%A5%D5%AF" title="Սլավոյ Ժիժեկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սլավոյ Ժիժեկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95" title="स्लावोय ज़िज़ेक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्लावोय ज़िज़ेक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%96%27%D7%99%D7%96%27%D7%A7" title="סלבוי ז'יז'ק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סלבוי ז'יז'ק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%9F%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="სლავოი ჟიჟეკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სლავოი ჟიჟეკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavojs_%C5%BDi%C5%BEeks" title="Slavojs Žižeks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Slavojs Žižeks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98_%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Славој Жижек – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Славој Жижек" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="സ്ലാവോയ് ഷീഷെക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്ലാവോയ് ഷീഷെക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%83" title="سلافوى جيجك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلافوى جيجك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF" title="スラヴォイ・ジジェク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スラヴォイ・ジジェク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%8F_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%95" title="ਸਲਾਵੋਏ ਜੀਜੇਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਲਾਵੋਏ ਜੀਜੇਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA,_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Жижек, Славой – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Жижек, Славой" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_Zhizhek" title="Slavoj Zhizhek – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Slavoj Zhizhek" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A4%DB%86%DB%8C_%DA%98%DB%8C%DA%98%DB%8E%DA%A9" title="سلاڤۆی ژیژێک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سلاڤۆی ژیژێک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98_%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Славој Жижек – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Славој Жижек" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%84" title="สลาวอย ชิเชค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สลาวอย ชิเชค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Славой Жижек – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Славой Жижек" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%83%E7%83%AD%C2%B7%E9%BD%90%E6%B3%BD%E5%85%8B" title="斯拉沃热·齐泽克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斯拉沃热·齐泽克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Slavoj Žižek" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%83%E7%86%B1%C2%B7%E9%BD%8A%E6%BE%A4%E5%85%8B" title="斯拉沃熱·齊澤克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯拉沃熱·齊澤克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Slovenian philosopher (born 1949)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Žižek" and "Zizek" redirect here. For the biographical documentary film about Slavoj Žižek, see <a href="/wiki/Zizek!" title="Zizek!">Zizek!</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Slavoj Žižek</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2015_(closeup).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2015_%28closeup%29.jpg/220px-Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2015_%28closeup%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2015_%28closeup%29.jpg/330px-Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2015_%28closeup%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2015_%28closeup%29.jpg/440px-Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2015_%28closeup%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="2550" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Žižek in 2015</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"> (1949-03-21) 21 March 1949 (age 75) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Socialist Republic of Slovenia">PR Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">FPR Yugoslavia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Arts" title="Doctor of Arts">DA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris VIII">University of Paris VIII</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jela_Kre%C4%8Di%C4%8D" title="Jela Krečič">Jela Krečič</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2013)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/20th-century_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="20th-century philosophy">20th-</a>/<a href="/wiki/21st-century_philosophy#Contemporary_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="21st-century philosophy">21st-century philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">Continental philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana_school_of_psychoanalysis" title="Ljubljana school of psychoanalysis">Ljubljana school of psychoanalysis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lacanian_psychoanalysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacanian psychoanalysis">Lacanian psychoanalysis</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Hegelianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Hegelianism">Post-Hegelianism</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Freudo-Marxism" title="Freudo-Marxism">Freudo-Marxism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data org"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Birkbeck,_University_of_London" title="Birkbeck, University of London">Birkbeck, University of London</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main interests</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style 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li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">Ideology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">ontology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Political_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Political theory">political theory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_studies" title="Cultural studies">cultural studies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Film_theory" title="Film theory">film theory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/German_idealism" title="German idealism">German idealism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dialectic" title="Dialectic">dialectic</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable ideas</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Interpassivity" title="Interpassivity">Interpassivity</a> <a href="/wiki/Subversive_affirmation" title="Subversive affirmation">Over-identification</a> <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">Ideological</a> <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_(psychology)" title="Fantasy (psychology)">fantasy</a> (ideology as an <a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconscious</a> fantasy that structures reality)<a href="#cite_note-iep.utm.edu-3">[3]</a> Revival of <a href="/wiki/Dialectical_materialism" title="Dialectical materialism">dialectical materialism</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #d33; border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/75px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/113px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/150px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border-top:1px solid #d33; border-bottom:0px solid;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_socialism" title="Outline of socialism">Outline</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">Calculation in kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_equal_liberty#Equal_liberty" title="Law of equal liberty">Equal liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Freed market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Input%E2%80%93output_model" title="Input–output model">Input–output model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-time_calculation" title="Labor-time calculation">Labour-time calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_balance_planning" title="Material balance planning">Material balance planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_peer-to-peer_processes#P2P_economic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Social peer-to-peer processes">Peer‑to‑peer economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_for_use" title="Production for use">Production for use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Spontaneism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dividend" title="Social dividend">Social dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">Socialism in one country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">Socialist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_democracy" title="Soviet democracy">Soviet democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_each_according_to_his_contribution" title="To each according to his contribution">To each according to his contribution</a>/<a href="/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_needs" title="From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs">needs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguardism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Models</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Relationship_with_socialism" title="Planned economy">Socialist planned economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive Democracy">Inclusive Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAS" title="OGAS">OGAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cybersyn" title="Project Cybersyn">Project Cybersyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Soviet-type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lange_model" title="Lange model">Lange model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist-oriented_market_economy" title="Socialist-oriented market economy">Socialist-oriented market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_socialism" title="Types of socialism">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">21st-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanquism" title="Blanquism">Blanquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_road_to_socialism" title="Democratic road to socialism">Democratic road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-utopianism" title="Cyber-utopianism">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary socialism">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourierism" title="Fourierism">Fourierism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_socialism" title="Gandhian socialism">Gandhian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire#Socialism" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Marhaenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_socialism" title="Municipal socialism">Municipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkrumaism" title="Nkrumaism">Nkrumaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenism" title="Owenism">Owenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular socialism">Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardian_socialism" title="Ricardian socialism">Ricardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon#Ideas" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewer_socialism" title="Sewer socialism">Sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World_socialism" title="Third World socialism">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_socialism" title="Yellow socialism">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buonarroti" title="Philippe Buonarroti">Buonarroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Leroux" title="Pierre Leroux">Leroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Sue" title="Eugène Sue">Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui" title="Louis Auguste Blanqui">Blanqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Herzen" title="Alexander Herzen">Herzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Lavrov" title="Pyotr Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin" title="Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin">Saltykov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Chernyshevsky" title="Nikolay Chernyshevsky">Chernyshevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Korsch" title="Karl Korsch">Korsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Vanzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Bordiga" title="Amadeo Bordiga">Bordiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Serge" title="Victor Serge">Serge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._L._R._James" title="C. L. R. James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Montseny" title="Federica Montseny">Montseny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Wolff" title="Richard D. Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Hampton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Žižek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" title="Yanis Varoufakis">Varoufakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohei_Saito" title="Kohei Saito">Saito</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracchi">Gracchi Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan" title="Hong Xiuquan">Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. 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Labour portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_sidebar" title="Template:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Slavoj Žižek (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈslɑːvɔɪ ˈʒiːʒɛk/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a4\/En-us-Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek.oga\/En-us-Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Slavoj \u017di\u017eek.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/En-us-Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek.oga/En-us-Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek.oga" title="File:En-us-Slavoj Žižek.oga">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">SLAH-voy ZHEE-zhek</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Slovene: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">[ˈsláːʋɔj ˈʒíːʒək]</a>; born 21 March 1949) is a Slovenian <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> philosopher, <a href="/wiki/Cultural_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural theory">cultural theorist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_intellectual" class="mw-redirect" title="Public intellectual">public intellectual</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> He is the international director of the <a href="/wiki/Birkbeck_Institute_for_the_Humanities" class="mw-redirect" title="Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities">Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>, Global Distinguished Professor of German at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>, professor of philosophy and psychoanalysis at <a href="/wiki/European_Graduate_School" title="European Graduate School">the European Graduate School</a> and senior researcher at the Institute for Sociology and Philosophy at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> He primarily works on <a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">continental philosophy</a> (particularly <a href="/wiki/Hegelianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegelianism">Hegelianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Political_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Political theory">political theory</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Film_criticism" title="Film criticism">film criticism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>. Žižek is the most famous associate of the <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana_School_of_Psychoanalysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljubljana School of Psychoanalysis">Ljubljana School of Psychoanalysis</a>, a group of Slovenian academics working on <a href="/wiki/German_Idealism" class="mw-redirect" title="German Idealism">German idealism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacanian_psychoanalysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacanian psychoanalysis">Lacanian psychoanalysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideology</a> critique, and <a href="/wiki/Media_criticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Media criticism">media criticism</a>. His breakthrough work was 1989's <a href="/wiki/The_Sublime_Object_of_Ideology" title="The Sublime Object of Ideology">The Sublime Object of Ideology</a>, his first book in English, which was decisive in the introduction of the Ljubljana School's thought to English-speaking audiences. He has written over 50 books in multiple languages and speaks <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Idiosyncratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Idiosyncratic">idiosyncratic</a> style of his public appearances, frequent magazine <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-eds</a>, and academic works, characterised by the use of <a href="/wiki/Blue_humour" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue humour">obscene jokes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pop_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop culture">pop cultural</a> examples, as well as <a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">politically incorrect</a> provocations, have gained him fame, controversy and criticism both in and outside academia.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Žižek was born in <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Socialist Republic of Slovenia">PR Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, into a middle-class family.<a href="#cite_note-mladina.si-12">[12]</a> His father Jože Žižek was an economist and civil servant from the region of <a href="/wiki/Prekmurje" title="Prekmurje">Prekmurje</a> in eastern Slovenia. His mother Vesna, a native of the <a href="/wiki/Gorizia_Hills" title="Gorizia Hills">Gorizia Hills</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Littoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Littoral">Slovenian Littoral</a>, was an accountant in a state enterprise. His parents were <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> He spent most of his childhood in the coastal town of <a href="/wiki/Portoro%C5%BE" title="Portorož">Portorož</a>, where he was exposed to Western film, theory and popular culture.<a href="#cite_note-iep.utm.edu-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-slovenskapomlad-14">[14]</a> When Žižek was a teenager his family moved back to Ljubljana where he attended <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%BEigrad_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Bežigrad High School">Bežigrad High School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-slovenskapomlad-14">[14]</a> Originally wanting to become a filmmaker himself, he abandoned these ambitions and chose to pursue philosophy instead.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> In 1967, during an era of <a href="/wiki/Liberalization" title="Liberalization">liberalization</a> in <a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoist</a> Yugoslavia, Žižek enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a> and studied philosophy and sociology.<a href="#cite_note-lacan.com-16">[16]</a> Žižek had already begun reading French <a href="/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism">structuralists</a> prior to entering university, and in 1967 he published the first translation of a text by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a> into Slovenian.<a href="#cite_note-mladina.si_42-17">[17]</a> Žižek frequented the circles of dissident intellectuals, including the <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heideggerian</a> philosophers <a href="/wiki/Tine_Hribar" title="Tine Hribar">Tine Hribar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Urban%C4%8Di%C4%8D" title="Ivo Urbančič">Ivo Urbančič</a>,<a href="#cite_note-mladina.si_42-17">[17]</a> and published articles in alternative magazines, such as <a href="/wiki/Praxis_School" title="Praxis School">Praxis</a>, Tribuna and Problemi, which he also edited.<a href="#cite_note-slovenskapomlad-14">[14]</a> In 1971 he accepted a job as an assistant researcher with the promise of <a href="/wiki/Tenure" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenure">tenure</a>, but was dismissed after his Master's thesis was denounced by the authorities as being "non-Marxist".<a href="#cite_note-p37-18">[18]</a> He graduated from the University of Ljubljana in 1981 with a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Arts" title="Doctor of Arts">Doctor of Arts</a> in Philosophy for his dissertation entitled The Theoretical and Practical Relevance of French Structuralism.<a href="#cite_note-lacan.com-16">[16]</a> He spent the next few years in what was described as "professional wilderness", also fulfilling his legal duty of undertaking a year-long <a href="/wiki/National_service" title="National service">national service</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karlovac" title="Karlovac">Karlovac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lacan.com-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_career">Academic career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Academic career">edit</a>]</div> During the 1980s, Žižek edited and translated <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Jacques Lacan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> He used Lacan's work to interpret <a href="/wiki/Hegelianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegelianism">Hegelian</a> and Marxist philosophy.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1986, Žižek completed a second doctorate (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Doctor of Philosophy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalysis</a>) at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Paris VIII">University of Paris VIII</a> under <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Alain_Miller" title="Jacques-Alain Miller">Jacques-Alain Miller</a>, entitled "La philosophie entre le symptôme et le fantasme".<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Žižek wrote the introduction to Slovene translations of <a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9" title="John le Carré">John le Carré</a>'s detective novels.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In 1988, he published his first book dedicated entirely to <a href="/wiki/Film_theory" title="Film theory">film theory</a>, Pogled s strani.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The following year, he achieved international recognition as a <a href="/wiki/Social_theory" title="Social theory">social theorist</a> with the 1989 publication of his first book in English, The Sublime Object of Ideology.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-iep.utm.edu-3">[3]</a> Žižek has been publishing in journals such as <a href="/wiki/Lacanian_Ink" title="Lacanian Ink">Lacanian Ink</a> and <a href="/wiki/In_These_Times_(publication)" class="mw-redirect" title="In These Times (publication)">In These Times</a> in the United States, the <a href="/wiki/New_Left_Review" title="New Left Review">New Left Review</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_London_Review_of_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="The London Review of Books">The London Review of Books</a> in the United Kingdom, and with the Slovenian <a href="/wiki/Left-liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-liberal">left-liberal</a> magazine <a href="/wiki/Mladina" title="Mladina">Mladina</a> and newspapers <a href="/wiki/Dnevnik_(Slovenia)" title="Dnevnik (Slovenia)">Dnevnik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delo_(newspaper)" title="Delo (newspaper)">Delo</a>. He also cooperates with the Polish leftist magazine <a href="/wiki/Krytyka_Polityczna" title="Krytyka Polityczna">Krytyka Polityczna</a>, regional southeast European left-wing journal <a href="/wiki/Novi_Plamen" title="Novi Plamen">Novi Plamen</a>, and serves on the editorial board of the psychoanalytical journal Problemi.<a href="#cite_note-Editorial_Staff_-_Problemi_International-24">[24]</a> Žižek is a series editor of the <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University_Press" title="Northwestern University Press">Northwestern University Press</a> series Diaeresis that publishes works that "deal not only with philosophy, but also will intervene at the levels of ideology critique, politics, and art theory".<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> listed Žižek on its list of Top 100 Global Thinkers, calling him "a celebrity philosopher",<a href="#cite_note-The_FP_Top_100_Global_Thinkers-26">[26]</a> while elsewhere he has been dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis</a> of cultural theory"<a href="#cite_note-Zizek_Journal-27">[27]</a> and "the most dangerous philosopher in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">West</a>".<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Žižek has been called "the leading Hegelian of our time",<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> and "the foremost exponent of Lacanian theory".<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> A journal, the International Journal of Žižek Studies, was founded by professors David J. Gunkel and Paul A. Taylor to engage with his work.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_career">Political career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Political career">edit</a>]</div> In the late 1980s, Žižek came to public attention as a columnist for the alternative youth magazine <a href="/wiki/Mladina" title="Mladina">Mladina</a>, which was critical of Tito's policies, Yugoslav politics, especially the <a href="/wiki/Militarization" title="Militarization">militarization</a> of society. He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Slovenia">Communist Party of Slovenia</a> until October 1988, when he quit in protest against the <a href="/wiki/JBTZ_trial" title="JBTZ trial">JBTZ trial</a> together with 32 other Slovenian intellectuals.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Between 1988 and 1990, he was actively involved in several political and <a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">civil society</a> movements which fought for the <a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">democratization</a> of Slovenia, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Defence_of_Human_Rights" title="Committee for the Defence of Human Rights">Committee for the Defence of Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1990_Slovenian_presidential_election" title="1990 Slovenian presidential election">first free elections</a> in 1990, he ran as the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democracy_of_Slovenia" title="Liberal Democracy of Slovenia">Liberal Democratic Party</a>'s candidate for the former four-person collective presidency of Slovenia.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-23">[23]</a> Žižek is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Europe_Movement_2025" title="Democracy in Europe Movement 2025">Democracy in Europe Movement 2025</a> (DiEM25) founded in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_life">Public life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Public life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2011.jpg/220px-Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2011.jpg/330px-Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2011.jpg/440px-Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Žižek speaking in 2011</figcaption></figure> In 2003, Žižek wrote text to accompany <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Weber_(photographer)" title="Bruce Weber (photographer)">Bruce Weber</a>'s photographs in a catalog for <a href="/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch" title="Abercrombie & Fitch">Abercrombie & Fitch</a>. Questioned as to the seemliness of a major intellectual writing ad copy, Žižek told <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>, "If I were asked to choose between doing things like this to earn money and becoming fully employed as an American academic, kissing ass to get a tenured post, I would with pleasure choose writing for such journals!"<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Žižek and his thought have been the subject of several documentaries. The 1996 <a href="/wiki/Liebe_Dein_Symptom_wie_Dich_selbst!" title="Liebe Dein Symptom wie Dich selbst!">Liebe Dein Symptom wie Dich selbst!</a> is a German documentary on him. In the 2004 <a href="/wiki/The_Reality_of_the_Virtual" title="The Reality of the Virtual">The Reality of the Virtual</a>, Žižek gave an hour-long lecture on his interpretation of Lacan's tripartite thesis of the imaginary, the symbolic, and the real.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zizek!" title="Zizek!">Zizek!</a> is a 2005 documentary by <a href="/wiki/Astra_Taylor" title="Astra Taylor">Astra Taylor</a> on his philosophy. The 2006 <a href="/wiki/The_Pervert%27s_Guide_to_Cinema" title="The Pervert's Guide to Cinema">The Pervert's Guide to Cinema</a> and 2012 <a href="/wiki/The_Pervert%27s_Guide_to_Ideology" title="The Pervert's Guide to Ideology">The Pervert's Guide to Ideology</a> also portray Žižek's ideas and cultural criticism. <a href="/wiki/Examined_Life" title="Examined Life">Examined Life</a> (2008) features Žižek speaking about his conception of <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a> at a garbage dump. He was also featured in the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Marx_Reloaded" title="Marx Reloaded">Marx Reloaded</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Barker" title="Jason Barker">Jason Barker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Policy (magazine)">Foreign Policy</a> named Žižek one of its 2012 Top 100 Global Thinkers "for giving voice to an era of absurdity".<a href="#cite_note-The_FP_Top_100_Global_Thinkers-26">[26]</a> In 2019, Žižek began hosting a mini-series called How to Watch the News with Slavoj Žižek on the <a href="/wiki/RT_(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)">RT network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In April, Žižek <a href="/wiki/Peterson%E2%80%93%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_debate" title="Peterson–Žižek debate">debated</a> psychology professor <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Jordan Peterson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Sony_Centre_for_the_Performing_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Centre for the Performing Arts">Sony Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto, Canada</a> over <a href="/wiki/Happiness" title="Happiness">happiness</a> under <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> versus <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> Žižek has been married four times and has two adult sons, Tim and Kostja. His second wife was Slovene philosopher and socio-legal theorist <a href="/wiki/Renata_Salecl" title="Renata Salecl">Renata Salecl</a>, fellow member of the <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana_school_of_psychoanalysis" title="Ljubljana school of psychoanalysis">Ljubljana school of psychoanalysis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> His third wife was Argentinian model and Lacanian scholar Analia Hounie, whom he married in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Currently, he is married to Slovene journalist, author and philosopher, <a href="/wiki/Jela_Kre%C4%8Di%C4%8D" title="Jela Krečič">Jela Krečič</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> In early 2018, Žižek experienced <a href="/wiki/Bell%27s_palsy" title="Bell's palsy">Bell's palsy</a> on the right side of his face. He went on to give several lectures and interviews with this condition; on March 9 of that year, during a lecture on political revolutions in London, he commented on the treatment he had been receiving, and used his paralysis as a metaphor for political idleness.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Aside from his native <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>, Žižek is a fluent speaker of <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>, French, German and English.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taste">Taste</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Taste">edit</a>]</div> In the <a href="/wiki/The_Sight_%26_Sound_Greatest_Films_of_All_Time_2012" title="The Sight & Sound Greatest Films of All Time 2012">2012 Sight & Sound critics' poll</a>, Žižek listed his 10 favourite films: <a href="/wiki/3:10_to_Yuma_(1957_film)" title="3:10 to Yuma (1957 film)">3:10 to Yuma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dune_(1984_film)" title="Dune (1984 film)">Dune</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Fountainhead_(film)" title="The Fountainhead (film)">The Fountainhead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hero_(2002_film)" title="Hero (2002 film)">Hero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitman_(2007_film)" title="Hitman (2007 film)">Hitman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nightmare_Alley_(1947_film)" title="Nightmare Alley (1947 film)">Nightmare Alley</a>, <a href="/wiki/On_Dangerous_Ground" title="On Dangerous Ground">On Dangerous Ground</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opfergang" title="Opfergang">Opfergang</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music_(film)" title="The Sound of Music (film)">The Sound of Music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/We_the_Living_(film)" title="We the Living (film)">We the Living</a>. On this list, he clarified: "I opted for pure madness: the list contains only 'guilty pleasures'".<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In his tour of <a href="/wiki/The_Criterion_Collection" title="The Criterion Collection">The Criterion Collection</a> closet, he chose <a href="/wiki/Trouble_in_Paradise_(1932_film)" title="Trouble in Paradise (1932 film)">Trouble in Paradise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Smell_of_Success" title="Sweet Smell of Success">Sweet Smell of Success</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picnic_at_Hanging_Rock_(film)" title="Picnic at Hanging Rock (film)">Picnic at Hanging Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murmur_of_the_Heart" title="Murmur of the Heart">Murmur of the Heart</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Joke_(film)" title="The Joke (film)">The Joke</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ice_Storm_(film)" title="The Ice Storm (film)">The Ice Storm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Expectations_(1946_film)" title="Great Expectations (1946 film)">Great Expectations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a>'s History Films, <a href="/wiki/City_Lights" title="City Lights">City Lights</a>, a box set of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer" title="Carl Theodor Dreyer">Carl Theodor Dreyer</a>'s films, <a href="/wiki/Y_tu_mam%C3%A1_tambi%C3%A9n" title="Y tu mamá también">Y tu mamá también</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antichrist_(film)" title="Antichrist (film)">Antichrist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In an article called "My Favourite Classics", Žižek states that <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Gurre-Lieder" title="Gurre-Lieder">Gurre-Lieder</a> is the piece of music he would take to a desert island. He goes on to list other favourites, including <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fidelio" title="Fidelio">Fidelio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Schubert</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Winterreise" title="Winterreise">Winterreise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky" title="Modest Mussorgsky">Mussorgsky</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Khovanshchina" title="Khovanshchina">Khovanshchina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Donizetti</a>'s <a href="/wiki/L%27elisir_d%27amore" title="L'elisir d'amore">L'elisir d'amore</a>. He expresses a particular love for <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Das_Rheingold" title="Das Rheingold">Das Rheingold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parsifal" title="Parsifal">Parsifal</a>. He ranks Schoenberg over <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a>, and insists on <a href="/wiki/Hanns_Eisler" title="Hanns Eisler">Eisler</a>'s importance among Schoenberg's followers.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Žižek often lists <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Platonov" title="Andrei Platonov">Andrei Platonov</a> as his "three absolute masters of 20th-century literature".<a href="#cite_note-webchat-51">[51]</a> He ranks/prefers <a href="/wiki/Varlam_Shalamov" title="Varlam Shalamov">Varlam Shalamov</a> over <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marina_Tsvetaeva" title="Marina Tsvetaeva">Marina Tsvetaeva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osip_Mandelstam" title="Osip Mandelstam">Osip Mandelstam</a> over <a href="/wiki/Anna_Akhmatova" title="Anna Akhmatova">Anna Akhmatova</a>,<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Daphne_du_Maurier" title="Daphne du Maurier">Daphne du Maurier</a> over <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a> over <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-webchat-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thought_and_positions">Thought and positions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Thought and positions">edit</a>]</div> Žižek and his thought have been described by many commentators as "<a href="/wiki/Hegelianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegelianism">Hegelo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lacanianism" title="Lacanianism">Lacanian</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Humphreys-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In his early career, Žižek claimed "a theoretical space moulded by three centres of gravity: <a href="/wiki/Hegelian_Dialectic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegelian Dialectic">Hegelian dialectics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lacanianism" title="Lacanianism">Lacanian psychoanalytic theory</a>, and contemporary criticism of <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideology</a>", designating "the theory of <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Jacques Lacan</a>" as the fundamental element.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In 2010, Žižek instead claimed that for him Hegel is more fundamental than Lacan—"Even Lacan is just a tool for me to read Hegel. For me, always it is Hegel, Hegel, Hegel."<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a>—while in 2019, he claimed that "For me, in some sense, all of philosophy happened in [the] fifty years" between <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Critique_of_Pure_Reason" title="Critique of Pure Reason">Critique of Pure Reason</a> (1781) and the death of <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel</a> (1831).<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Alongside his academic, theoretical works, Žižek is a prolific commentator on current affairs and contemporary political debates. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subjectivity">Subjectivity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Subjectivity">edit</a>]</div> For Žižek, although a <a href="/wiki/Subject_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject (philosophy)">subject</a> may take on a symbolic (social) position, it can never be reduced to this attempted symbolisation, since the very "taking on" of this position implies a separate 'I', beyond the symbolic, that does the taking on. Yet, under scrutiny, nothing positive can be said about this subject, this 'I', that eludes symbolisation; it cannot be discerned as anything but "that which cannot be symbolised". Thus, without the initial, attempted, failed symbolisation, subjectivity cannot present itself. As Žižek writes in his first book in English: "the subject of the signifier is a retroactive effect of the failure of its own representation; that is why the failure of representation is the only way to represent it adequately."<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Žižek attributes this position on the subject to <a href="/wiki/Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegel">Hegel</a>, particularly his description of man as "the night of the world",<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Lacan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacan">Lacan</a>, with his description of the barred, split subject, who he sees as developing the <a href="/wiki/Cartesianism" title="Cartesianism">Cartesian</a> notion of the <a href="/wiki/Cogito,_ergo_sum" title="Cogito, ergo sum">cogito</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> According to Žižek, these thinkers, in insisting on the role of the subject, run counter to "<a href="/wiki/Culturalism" title="Culturalism">culturalist</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Historicism" title="Historicism">historicist</a>" positions held by thinkers such as <a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a>, which posit that "subjects" are bound by and reducible to their historical/cultural(/symbolic) context.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_theory">Political theory</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Political theory">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ideology">Ideology</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ideology">edit</a>]</div> Žižek's Lacanian-informed theory of <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideology</a> is one of his major contributions to political theory; his first book in English, <a href="/wiki/The_Sublime_Object_of_Ideology" title="The Sublime Object of Ideology">The Sublime Object of Ideology</a>, and the documentary <a href="/wiki/The_Pervert%27s_Guide_to_Ideology" title="The Pervert's Guide to Ideology">The Pervert's Guide to Ideology</a>, in which he stars, are among the well-known places in which it is discussed. Žižek believes that ideology has been frequently misinterpreted as dualistic and, according to him, this misinterpreted dualism posits that there is a real world of material relations and objects outside of oneself, which is accessible to reason.<a href="#cite_note-:0-65">[65]</a> For Žižek, as for Marx, ideology is made up of fictions that structure political life; in Lacan's terms, ideology belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolic order">symbolic order</a>. Žižek argues that these fictions are primarily maintained at an unconscious level, rather than a conscious one. Since, according to <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalytic_theory" title="Psychoanalytic theory">psychoanalytic theory</a>, the unconscious can determine one's actions directly, bypassing one's conscious awareness (as in <a href="/wiki/Freudian_slip" title="Freudian slip">parapraxes</a>), ideology can be expressed in one's behaviour, regardless of one's conscious beliefs. Hence, Žižek breaks with orthodox Marxist accounts that view ideology purely as a system of mistaken beliefs (see <a href="/wiki/False_consciousness" title="False consciousness">False consciousness</a>). Drawing on <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sloterdijk" title="Peter Sloterdijk">Peter Sloterdijk</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Critique_of_Cynical_Reason" title="Critique of Cynical Reason">Critique of Cynical Reason</a>, Žižek argues that adopting a cynical perspective is not enough to escape ideology, since, according to Žižek, even though postmodern <a href="/wiki/Subject_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject (philosophy)">subjects</a> are consciously cynical about the political situation, they continue to reinforce it through their behaviour.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Freedom">Freedom</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Freedom">edit</a>]</div> Žižek claims that (a sense of) political freedom is sustained by a deeper unfreedom, at least under <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">liberal capitalism</a>. In a 2002 article, Žižek endorses <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a>'s distinction between formal and actual freedom, claiming that liberal society only contains formal freedom, "freedom of choice within the coordinates of the existing power relations", while prohibiting actual freedom, "the site of an intervention that undermines these very coordinates."<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In an oft-quoted passage from a book published in the same year, he writes that, in these conditions of liberal censorship, "we 'feel free' because we lack the very language to articulate our unfreedom".<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In a 2019 article, he writes that Marx "made a valuable point with his claim that the market economy combines in a unique way political and personal freedom with social unfreedom: personal freedom (freely selling myself on the market) is the very form of my unfreedom."<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> However, in 2014, he rejects the "pseudo-Marxist" total derision of 'formal freedom', claiming that it is necessary for critique: "When we are formally free, only then we become aware how limited this freedom actually is."<a href="#cite_note-webchat-51">[51]</a> Žižek co-signed a petition condemning the "use of disproportionate force and retaliatory brutality by the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong Police</a> against students in university campuses in Hong Kong" during the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a>. The petition concludes with the statement: "We believe the defence of <a href="/wiki/Academic_freedom" title="Academic freedom">academic freedom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">freedom of the press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">freedom of assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">association</a>, and the responsibility to protect the safety of our students are universal causes common to all."<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theology">Theology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Theology">edit</a>]</div> Žižek has asserted that "<a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a> is a legacy worth fighting for" in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> However, he nonetheless finds extensive conceptual value in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>: the subtitle of his 2000 book The Fragile Absolute is "Or, Why Is the Christian Legacy Worth Fighting For?". Hence, he labels his position '<a href="/wiki/Christian_Atheism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Atheism">Christian Atheism</a>',<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> and has written about theology at length.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In <a href="/wiki/The_Pervert%27s_Guide_to_Ideology" title="The Pervert's Guide to Ideology">The Pervert's Guide to Ideology</a>, Žižek suggests that "the only way to be an Atheist is through Christianity", since, he claims, atheism often fails to escape the religious paradigm by remaining faithful to an external guarantor of meaning, simply switching God for natural necessity or evolution. Christianity, on the other hand, in the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">the incarnation</a>, brings God down from the 'beyond' and onto earth, into human affairs; for Žižek, this paradigm is more authentically godless, since the external guarantee is abolished.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communism">Communism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Communism">edit</a>]</div> Although sometimes adopting the title of 'radical leftist',<a href="#cite_note-http-75">[75]</a> Žižek also controversially insists on identifying as a communist, even though he rejects 20th century communism as a "total failure", and decries "the communism of the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Stalinist_left" title="Anti-Stalinist left">more specifically</a> all the network of phenomena we refer to as <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a> as "maybe the worst ideological, political, ethical, social (and so on) catastrophe in the history of humanity."<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Žižek justifies this choice by claiming that only the term 'communism' signals a genuine step outside of the existing order, in part since the term 'socialism' no longer has radical enough implications, and means nothing more than that one "care[s] for society."<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Marx_Reloaded" title="Marx Reloaded">Marx Reloaded</a>, Žižek rejects both 20th-century totalitarianism and "<a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">spontaneous</a> local <a href="/wiki/Self-organization" title="Self-organization">self-organisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">direct democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">councils</a>, and so on". There, he endorses a definition of communism as "a society where you, everyone would be allowed to dwell in his or her stupidity", an idea with which he credits <a href="/wiki/Fredric_Jameson" title="Fredric Jameson">Fredric Jameson</a> as the inspiration.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Žižek has labelled himself a "communist in a qualified sense".<a href="#cite_note-democracynow.org-79">[79]</a> When he spoke at a conference on The Idea of Communism, he applied (in qualified form) the 'communist' label to the <a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a> protestors: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">They are not communists, if 'communism' means the system which deservedly collapsed in 1990—and remember that the communists who are still in power today run the most ruthless capitalism (in China). ... The only sense in which the protestors are 'communists' is that they care for the commons—the commons of nature, <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_commons" title="Knowledge commons">of knowledge</a>—which are threatened by the system. They are dismissed as dreamers, but the true dreamers are those who think that things can go on indefinitely the way they are now, with just a few cosmetic changes. They are not dreamers; they are awakening from a dream which is turning into a nightmare. They are not destroying anything; they are reacting to how the system is gradually destroying itself.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></blockquote> Žižek has described himself as a "moderately conservative Communist".<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_politics">Electoral politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Electoral politics">edit</a>]</div> In May 2013, during <a href="/wiki/Subversive_Festival" title="Subversive Festival">Subversive Festival</a>, Žižek commented: "If they don't support <a href="/wiki/SYRIZA" class="mw-redirect" title="SYRIZA">SYRIZA</a>, then, in my vision of the democratic future, all these people will get from me [is] a first-class one-way ticket to [a] <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">gulag</a>." In response, the center-right <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a> party claimed Žižek's comments should be understood literally, not ironically.<a href="#cite_note-Mionis_interview-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Just before the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 French presidential election</a>, Žižek stated that one could not choose between <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Le Pen</a>, arguing that the <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> of Macron just gives rise to <a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">neofascism</a> anyway. This was in response to many on the left calling for support for Macron to prevent a Le Pen victory.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In 2022, Žižek expressed his support for the Slovenian political party <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Slovenia)" title="The Left (Slovenia)">Levica</a> (The Left) at its 5th annual conference.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Support_for_Donald_Trump's_election">Support for Donald Trump's election</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Support for Donald Trump's election">edit</a>]</div> In a 2016 interview with <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>, Žižek said that were he American, he would vote for <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I'm horrified at him [Trump]. I'm just thinking that <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary</a> is the true danger. ... if Trump wins, both big parties, Republicans and Democratics, would have to return to basics, rethink themselves, and maybe some things can happen there. That's my desperate, very desperate hope, that if Trump wins—listen, America is not a dictatorial state, he will not introduce Fascism—but it will be a kind of big awakening. New political processes will be set in motion, will be triggered. But I'm well aware that things are very dangerous here ... I'm just aware that Hillary stands for this absolute inertia, the most dangerous one. Because she is a cold warrior, and so on, connected with banks, pretending to be socially progressive.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></blockquote> These views were derisively characterised as <a href="/wiki/Accelerationist" class="mw-redirect" title="Accelerationist">accelerationist</a> by Left Voice,<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> and were labelled "regressive" by <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In 2019 and 2020, Žižek defended his views,<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> saying that Trump's election "created, for the first time in I don't know how many decades, a true American left", citing the boost it gave <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Humphreys-53">[53]</a> However, regarding the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a>, Žižek reported himself "tempted by changing his position", saying "Trump is a little too much".<a href="#cite_note-Humphreys-53">[53]</a> In another interview, he stood by his 2016 "wager" that Trump's election would lead to a socialist reaction ("maybe I was right"), but claimed that "now with coronavirus: no, no—no Trump. ... difficult as it is for me to say this, but now I would say '<a href="/wiki/Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden">Biden</a> better than Trump', although he is far from ideal."<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In his 2022 book, Heaven in Disorder, Žižek continued to express a preference for Joe Biden over Donald Trump, stating "Trump was corroding the ethical substance of our lives", while Biden lies and represents big capital more politely.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_issues">Social issues</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Social issues">edit</a>]</div> Žižek's views on social issues such as <a href="/wiki/Eurocentrism" title="Eurocentrism">Eurocentrism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> and the <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> movement have drawn criticism and accusations of bigotry.<a href="#cite_note-Žižek,_Antagonism_and_Politics_Now-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe_and_multiculturalism">Europe and multiculturalism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Europe and multiculturalism">edit</a>]</div> In his 1997 article 'Multiculturalism, Or, The Cultural Logic of Multinational Capitalism', Žižek critiqued <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a> for privileging a culturally 'neutral' perspective from which all cultures are disaffectedly apprehended in their particularity because this distancing reproduces the racist procedure of Othering. He further argues that a fixation on particular identities and struggles corresponds to an abandonment of the universal struggle against <a href="/wiki/Global_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Global capitalism">global capitalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In his 1998 article 'A Leftist Plea for "Eurocentrism"', he argued that Leftists should 'undermine the global empire of capital, not by asserting particular identities, but through the assertion of a new universality',<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> and that in this struggle the European universalist value of egaliberte (<a href="/wiki/Etienne_Balibar" class="mw-redirect" title="Etienne Balibar">Etienne Balibar</a>'s term) should be foregrounded, proposing 'a Leftist appropriation of the European legacy'.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Elsewhere, he has also argued, defending <a href="/wiki/Marx" class="mw-redirect" title="Marx">Marx</a>, that Europe's destruction of non-European tradition (e.g. through imperialism and slavery) has opened up the space for a 'double liberation', both from tradition and from European domination.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In her 2010 article 'The Two Zizeks', <a href="/wiki/Nivedita_Menon" title="Nivedita Menon">Nivedita Menon</a> criticised Žižek for focusing on differentiation as a colonial project, ignoring how assimilation was also such a project; she also critiqued him for privileging the European Enlightenment Christian legacy as neutral, 'free of the cultural markers that fatally afflict all other religions.'<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> David Pavón Cuéllar, closer to Žižek, also criticised him.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In the mid-2010s, over the issue of Eurocentrism, there was a dispute between Žižek and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mignolo" title="Walter Mignolo">Walter Mignolo</a>, in which Mignolo (supporting a previous article by <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Dabashi" title="Hamid Dabashi">Hamid Dabashi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> which argued against the centrality of European philosophers like Žižek, criticised by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Marder" title="Michael Marder">Michael Marder</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a>) argued, against Žižek, that decolonial struggle should forget European philosophy, purportedly following <a href="/wiki/Frantz_Fanon" title="Frantz Fanon">Frantz Fanon</a>;<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> in response, Žižek pointed out Fanon's European intellectual influences, and his resistance to being confined within the black tradition, and claimed to be following Fanon on this point.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In his book Can Non-Europeans Think? (foreworded by Mignolo), Dabashi also critiqued Žižek for privileging Europe;<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Žižek argued that Dabashi slanderously and comically misrepresents him through misattribution,<a href="#cite_note-A_Reply_to_My_Critics-104">[104]</a> a critique supported by <a href="/wiki/Ilan_Kapoor" title="Ilan Kapoor">Ilan Kapoor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Žižek,_Antagonism_and_Politics_Now-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transgender_issues">Transgender issues</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transgender issues">edit</a>]</div> In his 2016 article "The Sexual Is Political", Žižek argued that all subjects are, like transgender subjects, in discord with the sexual position assigned to them. For Žižek, any attempt to escape this antagonism is false and utopian: thus, he rejects both the reactionary attempt to violently impose sexual fixity and the "<a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">postgenderist</a>" attempt to escape sexual fixity entirely; he aligns the latter with 'transgenderism', which he claims does not adequately describe the behaviour of actual transgender subjects, who seek a stable "place where they could recognise themselves" (e.g., a bathroom that confirms their identity). Žižek argues for a third bathroom: a "GENERAL GENDER" bathroom that would represent the fact that both sexual positions (Žižek insists on the unavoidable "twoness" of the sexual landscape) are missing something and thus fail to adequately represent the subjects that take them on.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In his 2019 article "Transgender dogma is naive and incompatible with Freud", Žižek argued that there is "a tension in LGBT+ ideology between <a href="/wiki/Social_constructivism" title="Social constructivism">social constructivism</a> and (some kind of <a href="/wiki/Biological_determinism" title="Biological determinism">biological</a>) determinism", between the idea that <a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">gender is a social construct</a>, and the idea that gender is essential and pre-social. He concludes the essay with a "<a href="/wiki/Freudian" class="mw-redirect" title="Freudian">Freudian</a> solution" to this deadlock: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">...psychic sexual identity is a choice, not a biological fact, but it is not a conscious choice that the subject can playfully repeat and transform. It is an unconscious choice which precedes subjective constitution and which is, as such, formative of subjectivity, which means that the change of this choice entails the radical transformation of the bearer of the choice.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> </blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Che_Gossett" title="Che Gossett">Che Gossett</a> criticized Žižek for his use of the "pathologising" term "transgenderism" throughout the 2016 article, and for writing "about trans subjectivity with such assumed authority while ignoring the voices of trans theorists (academics and activists) entirely", as well as for purportedly claiming that a "futuristic" vision underlies so-called "transgenderism", ignoring present-day oppression.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Sam Warren Miell and Chris Coffman, both psychoanalytically inclined, have separately criticized Žižek for conflating transgenderism and postgenderism; Miell further criticised the 2014 article for rehearsing homophobic/transphobic clichés (including Žižek's designation of <a href="/wiki/Zoophilia" title="Zoophilia">inter-species marriage</a> as a possible "anti-discriminatory demand"), and misusing Lacanian theory; Coffman argued that Žižek should have engaged with contemporary Lacanian trans studies, which would have shown that psychoanalytic and transgender discourses were aligned, not opposed.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In response to the title of the 2019 article, <a href="/wiki/McKenzie_Wark" title="McKenzie Wark">McKenzie Wark</a> had t-shirts made with the <a href="/wiki/Transgender_flag" title="Transgender flag">transgender flag</a> and "Incompatible with Freud" printed on them.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Žižek defended his 2016 article in two follow-up pieces. The first addresses purported misreadings of his position,<a href="#cite_note-A_Reply_to_My_Critics-104">[104]</a> while the second is a more sustained defence (against Miell) of the article's application of Lacanian theory,<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> to which Miell responded in turn.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Lain" title="Douglas Lain">Douglas Lain</a> also defended Žižek, claiming that context makes it clear that Žižek is "not opposed [to] the struggle of LGBTQ people" but is instead critiquing "a phony liberal ideology that set up the terms of the LGBTQ struggle", "a certain utopian postmodern ideology that seeks to eliminate all limits, to eliminate all binaries, to go beyond norms because the imposition of a limit is patriarchal and oppressive."<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In a 2023 piece for Compact Magazine, Žižek took a hard stance against access to <a href="/wiki/Puberty_blockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Puberty blockers">puberty blockers</a> for trans youth, and against trans adults being sent to prisons matching their gender, citing the case of <a href="/wiki/Isla_Bryson" class="mw-redirect" title="Isla Bryson">Isla Bryson</a>, whom he referred to as "a person who identifies itself as a woman using its penis to rape two women". Both of these things were attributed by Žižek to <a href="/wiki/Wokeness" class="mw-redirect" title="Wokeness">wokeness</a> (the wider subject of the article).<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> Žižek wrote that the <a href="/wiki/Cankar_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Cankar Hall">convention center</a> in which nationalist <a href="/wiki/Slovene_writers" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene writers">Slovene writers</a> hold their conventions should be blown up, adding, "Since we live in the time without any sense of irony, I must add I don't mean it literally."<a href="#cite_note-Interview_part_two-115">[115]</a> In 2013, Žižek corresponded with imprisoned Russian activist and <a href="/wiki/Pussy_Riot" title="Pussy Riot">Pussy Riot</a> member <a href="/wiki/Nadezhda_Tolokonnikova" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadezhda Tolokonnikova">Nadezhda Tolokonnikova</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian,_Nadezhda_Tolokonnikova_of_Pussy_Riot's_prison_letters_to_Slavoj_Žižek-116">[116]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">All hearts were beating for you as long as you were perceived as just another version of the liberal-democratic protest against the authoritarian state. The moment it became clear that you rejected global capitalism, reporting on Pussy Riot became much more ambiguous.</blockquote> He criticized Western military interventions in developing countries and wrote that it was the <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">2011 military intervention in Libya</a> "which threw the country in chaos" and the U.S.-led <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Iraq">invasion of Iraq</a> "which created the conditions for the rise" of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Žižek believes that <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">combination of capitalism and authoritarianism</a> in their extreme forms, and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> is the best protector of the interests of <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalists</a>. From the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Deng's reforms</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a> himself created the ideological condition for rapid capitalist development by tearing apart the fabric of <a href="/wiki/Traditional_society" title="Traditional society">traditional society</a>."<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It is capitalism, again and again, that emerges as the only alternative, the only way to move forward and the dynamic force for change when social life gets stuck into some fixed form. Today, capitalism is much more <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary" title="Revolutionary">revolutionary</a> than the traditional Left obsessed with protecting the old achievements of the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>. Just consider how much capitalism has changed the entire texture of our societies in the past decades.</blockquote> In an opinion article for <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, Žižek argued in favour of giving full support to <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion</a> and for creating a stronger <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> in response to Russian aggression,<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> later arguing that it would also be a tragedy for Ukraine to yoke itself to western neoliberalism.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> He compared the struggle of Ukraine against its occupiers to the Palestinians' struggle against the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli occupation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In April 2024, Žižek criticized Israel's <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">actions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_and_controversy">Criticism and controversy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Criticism and controversy">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Criticism_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-criticism" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criticism#Avoid_sections_and_articles_focusing_on_criticisms_or_controversies" title="Wikipedia:Criticism">"criticism" or "controversy" section</a> may compromise the article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Article_structure" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a>. Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">through discussion</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Talk:Slavoj Žižek">talk page</a>. (October 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inconsistency_and_ambiguity">Inconsistency and ambiguity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Inconsistency and ambiguity">edit</a>]</div> Žižek's philosophical and political positions have been described as ambiguous, and his work has been criticized for a failure to take a consistent stance.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> While he has claimed to stand by a revolutionary Marxist project, his lack of vision concerning the possible circumstances which could lead to successful revolution makes it unclear what that project consists of. According to John Gray and John Holbo, his theoretical argument often lacks grounding in historical fact, which makes him more provocative than insightful.<a href="#cite_note-ViolentVisions-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-Holbo-2004-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-Holbo-CT-2010-126">[126]</a> In a very negative review of Žižek's book Less than Nothing, the British political philosopher <a href="/wiki/John_Gray_(philosopher)" title="John Gray (philosopher)">John Gray</a> attacked Žižek for his celebrations of violence, his failure to ground his theories in historical facts, and his 'formless radicalism' which, according to Gray, professes to be communist yet lacks the conviction that communism could ever be successfully realized. Gray concluded that Žižek's work, though entertaining, is intellectually worthless: "Achieving a deceptive substance by endlessly reiterating an essentially empty vision, Žižek's work amounts in the end to less than nothing."<a href="#cite_note-ViolentVisions-124">[124]</a> Žižek's refusal to present an alternative vision has led critics to accuse him of using unsustainable Marxist categories of analysis and having a 19th-century understanding of class.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> For example, <a href="/wiki/Post-Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Marxist">post-Marxist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Laclau" title="Ernesto Laclau">Ernesto Laclau</a> argued that "Žižek uses class as a sort of <a href="/wiki/Deus_ex_machina" title="Deus ex machina">deus ex machina</a> to play the role of the good guy against the multicultural devils."<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> In his book Living in the End Times, Žižek suggests that the criticism of his positions is itself ambiguous and multilateral: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">... I am attacked for being anti-Semitic and for spreading <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> lies, for being a covert Slovene nationalist and unpatriotic traitor to my nation, for being a crypto-Stalinist defending terror and for spreading Bourgeois lies about Communism... so maybe, just maybe I am on the right path, the path of fidelity to freedom."<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stylistic_confusion">Stylistic confusion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Stylistic confusion">edit</a>]</div> Žižek has been criticized for his chaotic and non-systematic style: Harpham calls Žižek's style "a stream of nonconsecutive units arranged in arbitrary sequences that solicit a sporadic and discontinuous attention".<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> O'Neill concurs: "a dizzying array of wildly entertaining and often quite maddening rhetorical strategies are deployed in order to beguile, browbeat, dumbfound, dazzle, confuse, mislead, overwhelm, and generally subdue the reader into acceptance."<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> deems Žižek guilty of "using fancy terms like polysyllables and pretending you have a theory when you have no theory whatsoever", adding that his views are often too obscure to be communicated usefully to common people.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Conservative thinker <a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Roger Scruton</a> claims that: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">To summarize Žižek's position is not easy: he slips between philosophical and psychoanalytical ways of arguing, and is spell-bound by <a href="/wiki/Lacan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacan">Lacan</a>'s gnomic utterances. He is a lover of paradox, and believes strongly in what <a href="/wiki/Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegel">Hegel</a> called 'the labour of the negative' though taking the idea, as always, one stage further towards the brick wall of paradox.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Careless_scholarship">Careless scholarship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Careless scholarship">edit</a>]</div> Žižek has been accused of approaching phenomena without rigour, reductively forcing them to support pre-given theoretical notions. For example, <a href="/wiki/Tania_Modleski" title="Tania Modleski">Tania Modleski</a> alleges that "in trying to make <a href="/wiki/Hitchcock" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a> 'fit' <a href="/wiki/Lacan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacan">Lacan</a>, he [Žižek] frequently ends up simplifying what goes on in the films".<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Yannis_Stavrakakis" title="Yannis Stavrakakis">Yannis Stavrakakis</a> criticises Žižek's reading of <a href="/wiki/Antigone_(Sophocles_play)" title="Antigone (Sophocles play)">Antigone</a>, claiming it proceeds without regard for both the play itself and the interpretation, given by Lacan in his 7th <a href="/wiki/Seminars_of_Jacques_Lacan" title="Seminars of Jacques Lacan">Seminar</a>, which Žižek claims to follow. According to Stavrakakis, Žižek mistakenly characterises <a href="/wiki/Antigone" title="Antigone">Antigone</a>'s act (illegally burying her brother) as politically radical/revolutionary, when in reality "Her act is a one-off and she couldn't care less about what will happen in the polis after her suicide."<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Noah Horwitz alleges that Žižek (and the <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana_school_of_psychoanalysis" title="Ljubljana school of psychoanalysis">Ljubljana School</a> to which Žižek belongs) mistakenly conflates the insights of Lacan and Hegel, and registers concern that such a move "risks transforming Lacanian psychoanalysis into a discourse of self-consciousness rather than a discourse on the psychoanalytic, Freudian unconscious."<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Allegations_of_plagiarism">Allegations of plagiarism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Allegations of plagiarism">edit</a>]</div> Žižek's tendency to recycle portions of his own texts in subsequent works resulted in the accusation of <a href="/wiki/Self-plagiarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-plagiarism">self-plagiarism</a> by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> in 2014, after Žižek published an <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a> in the magazine which contained portions of his writing from an earlier book.<a href="#cite_note-Newsweek-137">[137]</a> In response, Žižek expressed perplexity at the harsh tone of the denunciation, emphasizing that the recycled passages in question only acted as references from his theoretical books to supplement otherwise original writing.<a href="#cite_note-Newsweek-137">[137]</a> In July 2014, <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> reported that online bloggers led by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Sailer" title="Steve Sailer">Steve Sailer</a> had discovered that in an article published in 2006, Žižek plagiarized long passages from an earlier review by Stanley Hornbeck that first appeared in the journal <a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance_(magazine)" title="American Renaissance (magazine)">American Renaissance</a>, a publication condemned by the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> as the organ of a "white nationalist hate group".<a href="#cite_note-American_Renaissance_Plagiarism-138">[138]</a> In response to the allegations, Žižek stated: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The friend send [sic] it to me, assuring me that I can use it freely since it merely resumes another's line of thought. Consequently, I did just that—and I sincerely apologize for not knowing that my friend's resume was largely borrowed from Stanley Hornbeck's review of Macdonald's book.... In no way can I thus be accused of plagiarizing another's line of thought, of 'stealing ideas'. I nonetheless deeply regret the incident.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_bibliography" title="Slavoj Žižek bibliography">Slavoj Žižek bibliography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filmography">Filmography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td>Laibach: A Film From Slovenia </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1996 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liebe_Dein_Symptom_wie_Dich_selbst!" title="Liebe Dein Symptom wie Dich selbst!">Liebe Dein Symptom wie Dich selbst!</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Predictions_of_Fire" title="Predictions of Fire">Predictions of Fire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td>Post-Socialism+Retro Avantgarde+Irwin </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Reality_of_the_Virtual" title="The Reality of the Virtual">The Reality of the Virtual</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zizek!" title="Zizek!">Zizek!</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2006 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Pervert%27s_Guide_to_Cinema" title="The Pervert's Guide to Cinema">The Pervert's Guide to Cinema</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Possibility_of_Hope" class="mw-redirect" title="The Possibility of Hope">The Possibility of Hope</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2008 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Examined_Life" title="Examined Life">Examined Life</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Violence<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terror!_Robespierre_and_the_French_Revolution" title="Terror! Robespierre and the French Revolution">Terror! Robespierre and the French Revolution</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alien, Marx & Co. - Slavoj Žižek, Ein Porträt </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marx_Reloaded" title="Marx Reloaded">Marx Reloaded</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2012 </td> <td>Catastroika </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Pervert%27s_Guide_to_Ideology" title="The Pervert's Guide to Ideology">The Pervert's Guide to Ideology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>Balkan Spirit </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Risk_(2016_film)" title="Risk (2016 film)">Risk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Houston,_We_Have_a_Problem!_(film)" title="Houston, We Have a Problem! (film)">Houston, We Have a Problem!</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>Turn On (short)<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bliss_(2021_film)" title="Bliss (2021 film)">Bliss</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHook2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hook, Derek (July 2016). Ffytche, Matt; Herzog, Dagmar (eds.). "Of Symbolic Mortification and 'Undead–Life': Slavoj Žižek on the Death Drive". Psychoanalysis and History. 18 (2). <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>: 221–256. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fpah.2016.0190">10.3366/pah.2016.0190</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1755-201X">1755-201X</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2263%2F60702">2263/60702</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1460-8235">1460-8235</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychoanalysis+and+History&rft.atitle=Of+Symbolic+Mortification+and+%27Undead%E2%80%93Life%27%3A+Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+on+the+Death+Drive&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=221-256&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2263%2F60702&rft.issn=1460-8235&rft.eissn=1755-201X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fpah.2016.0190&rft.aulast=Hook&rft.aufirst=Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNedoh2016" class="citation book cs1">Nedoh, Bostjan, ed. (2016). Lacan and Deleuze: A Disjunctive Synthesis. Edinburgh University Press. p. 193. <q>Žižek is convinced that post-Hegelian psychoanalytic drive theory is both compatible with and even integral to a Hegelianism reinvented for the twenty-first century.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lacan+and+Deleuze%3A+A+Disjunctive+Synthesis&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iep.utm.edu-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iep.utm.edu_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iep.utm.edu_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iep.utm.edu_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sharpe, Matthew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/zizek/">"Slavoj Žižek"</a>. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2161-0002">2161-0002</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220622083116/http://www.iep.utm.edu/zizek/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.btitle=The+Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.issn=2161-0002&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iep.utm.edu%2Fzizek%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Slavoj-Zizek">"Slavoj Žižek"</a>. Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220316200721/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Slavoj-Zizek">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSlavoj-Zizek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbk.ac.uk/our-staff/profile/8007763/slavoj-zizek">"Professor Slavoj Zizek"</a>. Birkbeck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220608130531/https://www.bbk.ac.uk/our-staff/profile/8007763/slavoj-zizek">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Birkbeck&rft.atitle=Professor+Slavoj+Zizek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbk.ac.uk%2Four-staff%2Fprofile%2F8007763%2Fslavoj-zizek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egs.edu/biography/slavoj-zizek/">"Faculty of the European Graduate School: Slavoj Žižek"</a>. The European Graduate School. 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Retrieved 28 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Northwestern+University+Press&rft.atitle=Diaeresis+series+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nupress.northwestern.edu%2Fcontent%2Fdiaeresis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_FP_Top_100_Global_Thinkers-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_FP_Top_100_Global_Thinkers_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_FP_Top_100_Global_Thinkers_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130221322/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/11/26/the_fp_100_global_thinkers?page=0,33">"The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers"</a>. Foreign Policy. 26 November 2012. 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Retrieved 14 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peter+Owen&rft.atitle=Jela+Kre%C4%8Di%C4%8D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterowen.com%2Fshop%2Fjela-krecic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MWO-hZfZDQ&t=176s">Slavoj Žižek - Like a Thief in the Night: A Question of Manners (Mar. 2018)</a>, 13 March 2018, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404161046/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MWO-hZfZDQ&t=176s">archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023, retrieved 4 April 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+-+Like+a+Thief+in+the+Night%3A+A+Question+of+Manners+%28Mar.+2018%29&rft.date=2018-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D0MWO-hZfZDQ%26t%3D176s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzDu5P9M6F4">Chef Slavoj (Žižek) cooks some capitalism with a hint of failure of the left</a>, 11 March 2018, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404210952/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzDu5P9M6F4">archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023, retrieved 4 April 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chef+Slavoj+%28%C5%BDi%C5%BEek%29+cooks+some+capitalism+with+a+hint+of+failure+of+the+left&rft.date=2018-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DgzDu5P9M6F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFbrundle2018" class="citation web cs1">brundle (29 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/zizek/comments/7tsvs5/half_of_zizeks_face_is_paralyzed/">"Half of Zizek's face is paralyzed"</a>. r/zizek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405172526/https://www.reddit.com/r/zizek/comments/7tsvs5/half_of_zizeks_face_is_paralyzed/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=r%2Fzizek&rft.atitle=Half+of+Zizek%27s+face+is+paralyzed&rft.date=2018-01-29&rft.au=brundle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2Fzizek%2Fcomments%2F7tsvs5%2Fhalf_of_zizeks_face_is_paralyzed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Ippolit Belinski (30 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2OYSMWJafAI">"Slavoj Žižek - A plea for bureaucratic socialism (June 2017)."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703073037/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2OYSMWJafAI&gl=US&hl=en">Archived</a> 3 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Youtube.com. Retrieved 20 June 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160212204753/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/voter/94">"Slavoj Zizek"</a>. www2.bfi.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/sightandsoundpoll2012/voter/94">the original</a> on 12 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www2.bfi.org.uk&rft.atitle=Slavoj+Zizek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.bfi.org.uk%2Ffilms-tv-people%2Fsightandsoundpoll2012%2Fvoter%2F94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2014" class="citation web cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (26 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqpxT_iJ8Mc&t=2s">"DVD Picks"</a>. YouTube. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517203848/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqpxT_iJ8Mc&t=2s">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=DVD+Picks&rft.date=2014-09-26&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DOqpxT_iJ8Mc%26t%3D2s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2017" class="citation journal cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zizekstudies.org/index.php/IJZS/article/view/1034/1051">"My Favourite Classics"</a>. International Journal of Žižek Studies. 11 (3). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231024024540/http://zizekstudies.org/index.php/IJZS/article/view/1034/1051">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+Studies&rft.atitle=My+Favourite+Classics&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzizekstudies.org%2Findex.php%2FIJZS%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1034%2F1051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-webchat-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-webchat_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-webchat_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-webchat_51-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2014" class="citation web cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (8 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/live/2014/oct/06/slavoj-zizek-webchat-absolute-recoil">"Slavoj Žižek webchat – as it happened"</a>. Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517203119/https://www.theguardian.com/books/live/2014/oct/06/slavoj-zizek-webchat-absolute-recoil">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian&rft.atitle=Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+webchat+%E2%80%93+as+it+happened&rft.date=2014-10-08&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2Flive%2F2014%2Foct%2F06%2Fslavoj-zizek-webchat-absolute-recoil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2016" class="citation web cs1">Žižek, Slavoj and Stephen Kotkin (28 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lm7mb9eHg24&t=2760s">"Stalin: Paradoxes of Power"</a>. YouTube. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517203119/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lm7mb9eHg24&t=2760s">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Stalin%3A+Paradoxes+of+Power&rft.date=2016-11-28&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj+and+Stephen+Kotkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DLm7mb9eHg24%26t%3D2760s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Humphreys-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Humphreys_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Humphreys_53-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Humphreys_53-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphreys2020" class="citation web cs1">Humphreys, Joe (1 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/slavoj-%C5%BEi%C5%BEek-joe-biden-is-long-term-the-same-catastrophe-as-trump-1.4312913">"Slavoj Žižek: 'Joe Biden is long-term the same catastrophe as Trump'"</a>. Irish Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220613130609/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/slavoj-%C5%BEi%C5%BEek-joe-biden-is-long-term-the-same-catastrophe-as-trump-1.4312913">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek%3A+%27Joe+Biden+is+long-term+the+same+catastrophe+as+Trump%27&rft.date=2020-08-01&rft.aulast=Humphreys&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Fslavoj-%25C5%25BEi%25C5%25BEek-joe-biden-is-long-term-the-same-catastrophe-as-trump-1.4312913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2015" class="citation book cs1">Butler, Rex (12 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xr5cCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA14">The Žižek Dictionary</a>. Routledge. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-32443-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-32443-0"><bdi>978-1-317-32443-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+Dictionary&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-08-12&rft.isbn=978-1-317-32443-0&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Rex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxr5cCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber2011" class="citation book cs1">Barber, Daniel Colucciello (1 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1X9JAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT27">On Diaspora: Christianity, Religion, and Secularity</a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62189-103-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62189-103-1"><bdi>978-1-62189-103-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Diaspora%3A+Christianity%2C+Religion%2C+and+Secularity&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.isbn=978-1-62189-103-1&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Colucciello&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1X9JAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVighi2012" class="citation book cs1">Vighi, Fabio (3 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QteoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA18">Critical Theory and Film: Rethinking Ideology Through Film Noir</a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-3912-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-3912-2"><bdi>978-1-4411-3912-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Theory+and+Film%3A+Rethinking+Ideology+Through+Film+Noir&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2012-05-03&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-3912-2&rft.aulast=Vighi&rft.aufirst=Fabio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQteoAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVardoulakis2011" class="citation book cs1">Vardoulakis, Dimitris (29 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=naBlCKjmKfsC&pg=PA225">Spinoza Now</a>. University of Minnesota Press. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-7280-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-7280-6"><bdi>978-0-8166-7280-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spinoza+Now&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2011-06-29&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-7280-6&rft.aulast=Vardoulakis&rft.aufirst=Dimitris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnaBlCKjmKfsC%26pg%3DPA225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek1991" class="citation book cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (1991). For They Know Not What They Do. London & New York: Verso. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+They+Know+Not+What+They+Do&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Hagan2010" class="citation web cs1">O'Hagan, Sean (26 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2010/jun/27/slavoj-zizek-living-end-times">"Slavoj Žižek: interview"</a>. Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220617191634/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2010/jun/27/slavoj-zizek-living-end-times">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guardian&rft.atitle=Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek%3A+interview&rft.date=2010-06-26&rft.aulast=O%27Hagan&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2010%2Fjun%2F27%2Fslavoj-zizek-living-end-times&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2019" class="citation web cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (17 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.oup.com/2019/09/slavoj-zizek-on-what-really-makes-him-mad/">"Slavoj Žižek on what really makes him mad"</a>. Oxford University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918141717/https://blog.oup.com/2019/09/slavoj-zizek-on-what-really-makes-him-mad/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+University+Press&rft.atitle=Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+on+what+really+makes+him+mad&rft.date=2019-09-17&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.oup.com%2F2019%2F09%2Fslavoj-zizek-on-what-really-makes-him-mad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek1989" class="citation book cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (1989). The Sublime Object of Ideology. London & New York: Verso. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0860919714" title="Special:BookSources/0860919714"><bdi>0860919714</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sublime+Object+of+Ideology&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0860919714&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2006" class="citation book cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (2006). The Parallax View. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262240512" title="Special:BookSources/9780262240512"><bdi>9780262240512</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Parallax+View&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780262240512&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek1989" class="citation book cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (1989). The Sublime Object of Ideology. London & New York: Verso. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0860919714" title="Special:BookSources/0860919714"><bdi>0860919714</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sublime+Object+of+Ideology&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0860919714&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2020" class="citation book cs1">Žižek, Slavoj and Sbriglia, Russell (2020). Subject Matters. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. pp. 3–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Subject+Matters&rft.place=Evanston&rft.pages=3-21&rft.pub=Northwestern+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj+and+Sbriglia%2C+Russell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-65"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcManus2019" class="citation web cs1">McManus, Matt (30 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://areomagazine.com/2019/04/30/the-politics-of-slavoj-zizek/">"The Politics of Slavoj Zizek"</a>. Areo Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220823173430/https://areomagazine.com/2019/04/30/the-politics-of-slavoj-zizek/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Areo+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+Slavoj+Zizek&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft.aulast=McManus&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fareomagazine.com%2F2019%2F04%2F30%2Fthe-politics-of-slavoj-zizek%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek1989" class="citation book cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (1989). "Chapter 1". The Sublime Object of Ideology. London & New York: Verso.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1&rft.btitle=The+Sublime+Object+of+Ideology&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2002" class="citation journal cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (2002). "A Plea For Leninist Intolerance". Critical Inquiry. 28 (2): 542–544. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F449051">10.1086/449051</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162381806">162381806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Inquiry&rft.atitle=A+Plea+For+Leninist+Intolerance&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=542-544&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F449051&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162381806%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2002" class="citation book cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (2002). Welcome to the Desert of the Real!. London & New York: Verso. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+Desert+of+the+Real%21&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2019" class="citation journal cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (2019). "Hegel, Retroactivity & The End of History". Continental Thought & Theory. 2 (4): 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Continental+Thought+%26+Theory&rft.atitle=Hegel%2C+Retroactivity+%26+The+End+of+History&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=9&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hongkongwatch.org/all-posts/2019/11/26/renowned-academics-among-over-3700-supporting-the-petition-by-global-academics-against-police-brutality-in-hong-kong">"Renowned Academics Among Over 3,700 Supporting The 'Petition by Global Academics Against Police Brutality in Hong Kong'"</a>. Hong Kong Watch. 26 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831113759/https://www.hongkongwatch.org/all-posts/2019/11/26/renowned-academics-among-over-3700-supporting-the-petition-by-global-academics-against-police-brutality-in-hong-kong">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Watch&rft.atitle=Renowned+Academics+Among+Over+3%2C700+Supporting+The+%27Petition+by+Global+Academics+Against+Police+Brutality+in+Hong+Kong%27&rft.date=2019-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hongkongwatch.org%2Fall-posts%2F2019%2F11%2F26%2Frenowned-academics-among-over-3700-supporting-the-petition-by-global-academics-against-police-brutality-in-hong-kong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2006" class="citation news cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (13 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/13/opinion/atheism-is-a-legacy-worth-fighting-for.html">"Atheism is a legacy worth fighting for Slavoj Zizek"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128135937/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/13/opinion/atheism-is-a-legacy-worth-fighting-for.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Atheism+is+a+legacy+worth+fighting+for+Slavoj+Zizek&rft.date=2006-03-13&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F03%2F13%2Fopinion%2Fatheism-is-a-legacy-worth-fighting-for.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2017" class="citation web cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (2017) (10 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2UOM3C3q7II">"Christian Atheism"</a>. YouTube (European Graduate School Video Lectures). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220504152841/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2UOM3C3q7II">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christian+Atheism&rft.pub=YouTube+%28European+Graduate+School+Video+Lectures%29&rft.date=2017-09-10&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj+%282017%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D2UOM3C3q7II&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> See his The Fragile Absolute, The Monstrosity of Christ, The Puppet and the Dwarf, and On Belief. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Fiennes, Sophie (dir.). (2012). The Pervert's Guide to Ideology. 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Retrieved 13 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slovenian+Philosopher+Slavoj+Zizek+on+Capitalism%2C+Healthcare%2C+Latin+American+%22Populism%22+and+the+%22Farcical%22+Financial+Crisis&rft.pub=Democracynow.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2F2009%2F10%2F15%2Fslovenian_philosopher_slavoj_zizek_on_the&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2022" class="citation web cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (13 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThTJBKYPiNo&t=153s">"20th Century Communism"</a>. YouTube. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220613131415/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThTJBKYPiNo&t=153s">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=20th+Century+Communism&rft.date=2022-04-13&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DThTJBKYPiNo%26t%3D153s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2018" class="citation web cs1">Žižek, Slavoj and Tyler Cowen (7 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://conversationswithtyler.com/episodes/slavoj-zizek/">"Slavoj Žižek on His Stubborn Attachment to Communism"</a>. Conversations With Tyler. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220614152849/https://conversationswithtyler.com/episodes/slavoj-zizek/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conversations+With+Tyler&rft.atitle=Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+on+His+Stubborn+Attachment+to+Communism&rft.date=2018-07-07&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj+and+Tyler+Cowen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconversationswithtyler.com%2Fepisodes%2Fslavoj-zizek%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Barker, Josef (dir.) (2011). 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Retrieved 6 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israel+must+fight+to+keep+neo-Nazis+out+of+Greece%27s+government&rft.date=2012-03-06&rft.aulast=Mionis&rft.aufirst=Sabby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fopinion%2Fisrael-must-fight-to-keep-neo-nazis-out-of-greece-s-government-1.416802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_1_20/05/2013_499789">"Slovenian philosopher Zizek proposes 'gulag' for those who do not support SYRIZA"</a>. 20 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130607112545/http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_1_20/05/2013_499789">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2013. 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Retrieved 19 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Don%27t+Believe+the+Liberals+%E2%80%93+There+Is+No+Real+Choice+between+Le+Pen+and+Macron.&rft.date=2017-05-03&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Ffrench-elections-marine-le-pen-emmanuel-macron-no-real-choice-a7714911.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpE6D1c8CZw">"Slavoj Zizek gives support to Levica and comments on the Ukrainian crisis"</a>, YouTube, 15 March 2022, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220403014106/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpE6D1c8CZw">archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2022, retrieved 3 April 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Slavoj+Zizek+gives+support+to+Levica+and+comments+on+the+Ukrainian+crisis&rft.date=2022-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DPpE6D1c8CZw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=10154211377601939">"Slavoj Žižek: 'I would vote Trump'"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interrogating+the+p%C3%A8re%27s+version%3A+a+response+to+Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft.aulast=Miell&rft.aufirst=Sam+Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdifferentcolouredhats.wordpress.com%2F2016%2F08%2F15%2Finterrogating-the-peres-version-a-response-to-slavoj-zizek%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLain2017" class="citation web cs1">Lain, Douglas (25 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thoughtcatalog.com/doug-lain/2017/01/the-fate-of-slavoj-zizek/">"The Fate of Slavoj Žižek"</a>. Thought Catalog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220611210722/https://thoughtcatalog.com/doug-lain/2017/01/the-fate-of-slavoj-zizek/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thought+Catalog&rft.atitle=The+Fate+of+Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.date=2017-01-25&rft.aulast=Lain&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthoughtcatalog.com%2Fdoug-lain%2F2017%2F01%2Fthe-fate-of-slavoj-zizek%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2023" class="citation news cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (22 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://compactmag.com/article/wokeness-is-here-to-stay">"Wokeness Is Here To Stay"</a>. Compact Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230222090353/https://compactmag.com/article/wokeness-is-here-to-stay">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Compact+Magazine&rft.atitle=Wokeness+Is+Here+To+Stay&rft.date=2023-02-22&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcompactmag.com%2Farticle%2Fwokeness-is-here-to-stay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelle2023" class="citation news cs1">Zelle, Melanie (2 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swarthmorephoenix.com/2023/03/02/zizek-has-lost-the-plot/">"Žižek Has Lost the Plot"</a>. The Swarthmore Phoenix. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230513120052/https://swarthmorephoenix.com/2023/03/02/zizek-has-lost-the-plot/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Swarthmore+Phoenix&rft.atitle=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+Has+Lost+the+Plot&rft.date=2023-03-02&rft.aulast=Zelle&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fswarthmorephoenix.com%2F2023%2F03%2F02%2Fzizek-has-lost-the-plot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Interview_part_two-115"><a href="#cite_ref-Interview_part_two_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130405024835/http://www.delo.si/zgodbe/sobotnapriloga/slavoj-zizek-bog-daj-da-bi-ciniki-na-oblasti-res-vedeli-kaj-pocnejo.html">"Interview] with Žižek – part two"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Delo_(newspaper)" title="Delo (newspaper)">Delo</a> (in Slovenian). 2 March 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delo.si/zgodbe/sobotnapriloga/slavoj-zizek-bog-daj-da-bi-ciniki-na-oblasti-res-vedeli-kaj-pocnejo.html">the original</a> on 5 April 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delo&rft.atitle=Interview%5D+with+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+%E2%80%93+part+two&rft.date=2013-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delo.si%2Fzgodbe%2Fsobotnapriloga%2Fslavoj-zizek-bog-daj-da-bi-ciniki-na-oblasti-res-vedeli-kaj-pocnejo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian,_Nadezhda_Tolokonnikova_of_Pussy_Riot's_prison_letters_to_Slavoj_Žižek-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian,_Nadezhda_Tolokonnikova_of_Pussy_Riot's_prison_letters_to_Slavoj_Žižek_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižekTolokonnikova2013" class="citation web cs1">Žižek, Slavoj; Tolokonnikova, Nadezhda (15 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/nov/15/pussy-riot-nadezhda-tolokonnikova-slavoj-zizek">"Nadezhda Tolokonnikova of Pussy Riot's prison letters to Slavoj Žižek"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161213004047/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/nov/15/pussy-riot-nadezhda-tolokonnikova-slavoj-zizek">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nadezhda+Tolokonnikova+of+Pussy+Riot%27s+prison+letters+to+Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.date=2013-11-15&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rft.au=Tolokonnikova%2C+Nadezhda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2013%2Fnov%2F15%2Fpussy-riot-nadezhda-tolokonnikova-slavoj-zizek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inthesetimes.com/article/slavoj-zizek-european-refugee-crisis-and-global-capitalism">"Slavoj Zizek: We Can't Address the EU Refugee Crisis Without Confronting Global Capitalism"</a>. In These Times. 9 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001201903/https://inthesetimes.com/article/slavoj-zizek-european-refugee-crisis-and-global-capitalism">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+These+Times&rft.atitle=Slavoj+Zizek%3A+We+Can%27t+Address+the+EU+Refugee+Crisis+Without+Confronting+Global+Capitalism&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finthesetimes.com%2Farticle%2Fslavoj-zizek-european-refugee-crisis-and-global-capitalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlavoj_Zizek2021" class="citation web cs1">Slavoj Zizek (19 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/english_editorials/1004153.html">"Is China's communism just another name for authoritarian capitalism?"</a>. Hankyoreh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831171027/https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/english_editorials/1004153.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hankyoreh&rft.atitle=Is+China%27s+communism+just+another+name+for+authoritarian+capitalism%3F&rft.date=2021-07-19&rft.au=Slavoj+Zizek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.hani.co.kr%2Farti%2Fenglish_edition%2Fenglish_editorials%2F1004153.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2022" class="citation web cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (21 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jun/21/pacificsm-is-the-wrong-response-to-the-war-in-ukraine">"Pacifism is the wrong response to the war in Ukraine"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220621104839/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jun/21/pacificsm-is-the-wrong-response-to-the-war-in-ukraine">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pacifism+is+the+wrong+response+to+the+war+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-06-21&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2022%2Fjun%2F21%2Fpacificsm-is-the-wrong-response-to-the-war-in-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2022" class="citation web cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (30 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/ukraine-russian-occupation-or-western-neoliberal-colonization-by-slavoj-zizek-2022-08">"Ukraine's Tale of Two Colonizations | by Slavoj Žižek"</a>. Project Syndicate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220830101008/https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/ukraine-russian-occupation-or-western-neoliberal-colonization-by-slavoj-zizek-2022-08?">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Project+Syndicate&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+Tale+of+Two+Colonizations+%7C+by+Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.date=2022-08-30&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.project-syndicate.org%2Fcommentary%2Fukraine-russian-occupation-or-western-neoliberal-colonization-by-slavoj-zizek-2022-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jordantimes.com/opinion/slavoj-%C5%BEi%C5%BEek/ukraine-palestine-not-israel">"Ukraine is Palestine, not Israel"</a>. The Jordan Times. 15 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001201903/https://jordantimes.com/opinion/slavoj-%C5%BEi%C5%BEek/ukraine-palestine-not-israel">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jordan+Times&rft.atitle=Ukraine+is+Palestine%2C+not+Israel&rft.date=2022-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjordantimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fslavoj-%25C5%25BEi%25C5%25BEek%2Fukraine-palestine-not-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2024/04/26/world/palestine-gaza-war-protests-canceled/">"The world cannot just cancel Palestine"</a>. The Japan Times. 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=The+world+cannot+just+cancel+Palestine&rft.date=2024-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fcommentary%2F2024%2F04%2F26%2Fworld%2Fpalestine-gaza-war-protests-canceled%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhn2011" class="citation web cs1">Kuhn, Gabriel (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alpineanarchist.org/r_anarchist_hypothesis.html">"The Anarchist Hypothesis, or Badiou, Žižek, and the Anti-Anarchist Prejudice"</a>. Alpine Anarchist. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428121741/http://www.alpineanarchist.org/r_anarchist_hypothesis.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alpine+Anarchist&rft.atitle=The+Anarchist+Hypothesis%2C+or+Badiou%2C+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek%2C+and+the+Anti-Anarchist+Prejudice&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alpineanarchist.org%2Fr_anarchist_hypothesis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ViolentVisions-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ViolentVisions_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ViolentVisions_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2012" class="citation journal cs1">Gray, John (12 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/jul/12/violent-visions-slavoj-zizek/">"The Violent Visions of Slavoj Žižek"</a>. New York Review of Books. 59 (12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120004119/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/jul/12/violent-visions-slavoj-zizek/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=The+Violent+Visions+of+Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.date=2012-07-12&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2Farchives%2F2012%2Fjul%2F12%2Fviolent-visions-slavoj-zizek%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holbo-2004-125"><a href="#cite_ref-Holbo-2004_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolbo2004" class="citation journal cs1">Holbo, John (1 January 2004). "On Žižek and Trilling". Philosophy and Literature. 28 (2): 430–440. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fphl.2004.0029">10.1353/phl.2004.0029</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170396508">170396508</a>. <q>...an unhealthy anti-liberal is one, like Z+iz=ek, who ticks and tocks in unreflective revulsion at liberalism, pantomiming that he is de Maistre (or Abraham) or Robespierre (or Lenin) by turns, lest he look like Mill.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophy+and+Literature&rft.atitle=On+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+and+Trilling&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=430-440&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fphl.2004.0029&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170396508%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Holbo&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holbo-CT-2010-126"><a href="#cite_ref-Holbo-CT-2010_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolbo2010" class="citation news cs1">Holbo, John (17 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crookedtimber.org/2010/12/17/zizek-on-the-financial-collapse-and-liberalism/">"Zizek on the Financial Collapse – and Liberalism"</a>. Crooked Timbers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304223230/http://crookedtimber.org/2010/12/17/zizek-on-the-financial-collapse-and-liberalism/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012. <q>To review: Zizek does this liberal = neoliberal thing. Which is no good. And he doesn't even have much to say about economics. And Zizek does this liberal = self-hating pc white intellectuals thing. Which is no good.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crooked+Timbers&rft.atitle=Zizek+on+the+Financial+Collapse+%E2%80%93+and+Liberalism&rft.date=2010-12-17&rft.aulast=Holbo&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcrookedtimber.org%2F2010%2F12%2F17%2Fzizek-on-the-financial-collapse-and-liberalism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek2012" class="citation web cs1">Žižek, Slavoj (3 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jacobinmag.com/2012/07/slavoj-zizek-responds-to-his-critics/">"Slavoj Zizek responds to his critics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180302225322/https://www.jacobinmag.com/2012/07/slavoj-zizek-responds-to-his-critics/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jacobin&rft.atitle=Slavoj+Zizek+responds+to+his+critics&rft.date=2012-07-03&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jacobinmag.com%2F2012%2F07%2Fslavoj-zizek-responds-to-his-critics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Butler, Judith, Ernesto Laclau and Slavoj Žižek Contingency, Hegemony, Universality: Contemporary Dialogues on the Left. Verso. London, New York City 2000. pp. 202–206 </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽižek" class="citation book cs1">Žižek, Slavoj. Living in the End Times. p. xiv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+in+the+End+Times&rft.pages=xiv&rft.aulast=%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.aufirst=Slavoj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> Harpham <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uchicago.edu/research/jnl-crit-inq/issues/v29/v29n3.harpham1.html">"Doing the Impossible: Slavoj Žižek and the End of Knowledge"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330100325/http://www.uchicago.edu/research/jnl-crit-inq/issues/v29/v29n3.harpham1.html">Archived</a> 30 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill" class="citation cs2">O'Neill, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.film-philosophy.com/vol5-2001/n17oneill">The Last Analysis of Slavoj Žižek</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080704081134/http://www.film-philosophy.com/vol5-2001/n17oneill">archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2008, retrieved 14 May 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Analysis+of+Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.au=O%27Neill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.film-philosophy.com%2Fvol5-2001%2Fn17oneill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpringer2013" class="citation web cs1">Springer, Mike (28 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/06/noam_chomsky_slams_zizek_and_lacan_empty_posturing.html">"Noam Chomsky Slams Žižek and Lacan: Empty 'Posturing'"</a>. OpenCulture.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319200117/http://www.openculture.com/2013/06/noam_chomsky_slams_zizek_and_lacan_empty_posturing.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenCulture.com&rft.atitle=Noam+Chomsky+Slams+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+and+Lacan%3A+Empty+%27Posturing%27&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft.aulast=Springer&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openculture.com%2F2013%2F06%2Fnoam_chomsky_slams_zizek_and_lacan_empty_posturing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScruton2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton, Roger</a> (2015). Fools, Frauds and Firebrands: Thinkers of the New Left. Bloomsbury. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1408187333" title="Special:BookSources/978-1408187333"><bdi>978-1408187333</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fools%2C+Frauds+and+Firebrands%3A+Thinkers+of+the+New+Left&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1408187333&rft.aulast=Scruton&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFModleski2005" class="citation book cs1">Modleski, Tania (2005). The Women Who Knew Too Much (2 ed.). New York & London: Routledge. p. 132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Women+Who+Knew+Too+Much&rft.place=New+York+%26+London&rft.pages=132&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Modleski&rft.aufirst=Tania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStavrakakis2007" class="citation book cs1">Stavrakakis, Yannis (2007). The Lacanian Left. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lacanian+Left&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Stavrakakis&rft.aufirst=Yannis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorwitz2005" class="citation journal cs1">Horwitz, Noah (2005). "Contra the Slovenians". Philosophy Today. 49 (1): 24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5840%2Fphiltoday200549161">10.5840/philtoday200549161</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophy+Today&rft.atitle=Contra+the+Slovenians&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=24&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5840%2Fphiltoday200549161&rft.aulast=Horwitz&rft.aufirst=Noah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newsweek-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newsweek_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newsweek_137-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/slavoj-zizek-self-plagiarized-new-york-times-269221">"Slavoj Žižek On 'Self Plagiarism' in The New York Times: What's the Big Deal?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. 10 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150929234428/http://www.newsweek.com/slavoj-zizek-self-plagiarized-new-york-times-269221">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+On+%27Self+Plagiarism%27+in+The+New+York+Times%3A+What%27s+the+Big+Deal%3F&rft.date=2014-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fslavoj-zizek-self-plagiarized-new-york-times-269221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-American_Renaissance_Plagiarism-138"><a href="#cite_ref-American_Renaissance_Plagiarism_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/did-marxist-philosophy-superstar-slavoj-zizek-plagiarize-white-nationalist-journal-258433">"Did Marxist Philosophy Superstar Slavoj Žižek Plagiarize a White Nationalist Journal?"</a>. Newsweek. 11 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140713053008/http://www.newsweek.com/did-marxist-philosophy-superstar-slavoj-zizek-plagiarize-white-nationalist-journal-258433">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Did+Marxist+Philosophy+Superstar+Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+Plagiarize+a+White+Nationalist+Journal%3F&rft.date=2014-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fdid-marxist-philosophy-superstar-slavoj-zizek-plagiarize-white-nationalist-journal-258433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean2014" class="citation web cs1">Dean, Michelle (14 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gawker.com/slavoj-zizek-sorta-kinda-admits-plagiarizing-white-supr-1604590014">"Slavoj Žižek Sorta Kinda Admits Plagiarizing White Supremacist Journal"</a>. Gawker.com. Gawker Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219010643/http://gawker.com/slavoj-zizek-sorta-kinda-admits-plagiarizing-white-supr-1604590014">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gawker.com&rft.atitle=Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek+Sorta+Kinda+Admits+Plagiarizing+White+Supremacist+Journal&rft.date=2014-07-14&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgawker.com%2Fslavoj-zizek-sorta-kinda-admits-plagiarizing-white-supr-1604590014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_x0eyNkNpL0&t=24s">"Slavoj Žižek"</a>. Talks at Google. 3 October 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231024024539/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_x0eyNkNpL0&t=24s">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&rft.pub=Talks+at+Google&rft.date=2008-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D_x0eyNkNpL0%26t%3D24s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muteseries.com/films/turn_on.php">"London"</a>. The MUTE Series — video snacks served dry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210214132422/https://www.muteseries.com/films/turn_on.php">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+MUTE+Series+%E2%80%94+video+snacks+served+dry&rft.atitle=London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.muteseries.com%2Ffilms%2Fturn_on.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASlavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Slavoj Žižek">Slavoj Žižek</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" class="extiw" title="commons:Slavoj Žižek">Slavoj Žižek</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 220px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrdPchnAR60">Slavoj Zizek on Yellow Vests. How to Watch the News, Episode 01</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Slavoj Žižek on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigthink.com/experts/slavoj-zizek">Big Think</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egs.edu/faculty/slavoj-zizek/biography/">Slavoj Žižek Faculty Page</a> at <a href="/wiki/European_Graduate_School" title="European Graduate School">European Graduate School</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/z/zizek.htm">Žižek's entry</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lacan.com/bibliographyzi.htm">Žižek bibliography</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lacanian_Ink" title="Lacanian Ink">Lacanian Ink</a> magazine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/profile/slavojzizek">Column archive</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobinmag.com/author/slavoj-zizek">Column archive</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1030931">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charlierose.com/videos/7283">Slavoj Žižek</a> on <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose_(talk_show)" title="Charlie Rose (talk show)">Charlie Rose</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1670978/">Slavoj Žižek</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Brown_(political_theorist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendy Brown (political theorist)">Wendy Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costas_Douzinas" title="Costas Douzinas">Costas Douzinas</a>, Stephen Frosh, and Zizek at the London Critical Theory Summer School – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://backdoorbroadcasting.net/2012/06/critical-theory-summer-school-2012-friday-debate-i/">Friday Debate 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805091500/https://backdoorbroadcasting.net/2012/06/critical-theory-summer-school-2012-friday-debate-i/">Archived</a> 5 August 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://Muckrack.com/slavoj-zizek">Slavoj Žižek</a> on the Muck Rack journalist listing site <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184750#P6005" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Slovenia" title="Portal:Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/12px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/19px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/25px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/19px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/29px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/38px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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Adorno">Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Althusser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Bachelard" title="Gaston Bachelard">Bachelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Barthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bataille" title="Georges Bataille">Bataille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Bergson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blanchot" title="Maurice Blanchot">Blanchot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu" title="Pierre Bourdieu">Bourdieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Buber" title="Martin Buber">Buber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Cassirer" title="Ernst Cassirer">Cassirer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Cioran" title="Emil Cioran">Cioran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Cixous" title="Hélène Cixous">Cixous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Croce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">de Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Deleuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Derrida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Dilthey" title="Wilhelm Dilthey">Dilthey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Eagleton" title="Terry Eagleton">Eagleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frantz_Fanon" title="Frantz Fanon">Fanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fisher" title="Mark Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Gadamer" title="Hans-Georg Gadamer">Gadamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Guattari" title="Félix Guattari">Guattari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Husserl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ingarden" title="Roman Ingarden">Ingarden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce_Irigaray" title="Luce Irigaray">Irigaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_Jameson" title="Fredric Jameson">Jameson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Jaspers" title="Karl Jaspers">Jaspers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Koj%C3%A8ve" title="Alexandre Kojève">Kojève</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré">Koyré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Ko%C5%82akowski" title="Leszek Kołakowski">Kołakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Kristeva" title="Julia Kristeva">Kristeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Lacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Latour" title="Bruno Latour">Latour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Lefebvre" title="Henri Lefebvre">Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Lévi-Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Levinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Luhmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Lyotard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Merleau-Ponty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega y Gasset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ranci%C3%A8re" title="Jacques Rancière">Rancière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ric%C5%93ur" title="Paul Ricœur">Ricœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Schelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Serres" title="Michel Serres">Serres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sloterdijk" title="Peter Sloterdijk">Sloterdijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Williams" title="Raymond Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Žižek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absurdism" title="Absurdism">Absurdism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_idealism" title="German idealism">German idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegelianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegelianism">Hegelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Marxism" title="Western Marxism">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freudo-Marxism" title="Freudo-Marxism">Freudo-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Kantianism" title="Neo-Kantianism">Neo-Kantianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-philosophy" title="Non-philosophy">Non-philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-representational_theory" title="Non-representational theory">Non-representational theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">Phenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_philosophy" title="Postmodern philosophy">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">Post-structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">Psychoanalysis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalytic_theory" title="Psychoanalytic theory">Psychoanalytic theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_realism" title="Speculative realism">Speculative realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism" title="Structuralism">Structuralism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alterity" title="Alterity">Alterity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Always_already" title="Always already">Always already</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angst" title="Angst">Angst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonian_and_Dionysian" title="Apollonian and Dionysian">Apollonian and Dionysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_(philosophy)" title="Authenticity (philosophy)">Authenticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Being_in_itself" title="Being in itself">Being in itself</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_oppositions" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary oppositions">Binary oppositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boredom" title="Boredom">Boredom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Class struggle">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique" title="Critique">Critique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immanent_critique" title="Immanent critique">Immanent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideological_criticism" title="Ideological criticism">Ideological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcritique" title="Postcritique">Postcritique</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasein" title="Dasein">Dasein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of God">Death of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_drive" title="Death drive">Death drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diff%C3%A9rance" title="Différance">Différance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difference_(philosophy)" title="Difference (philosophy)">Difference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existence_precedes_essence" title="Existence precedes essence">Existence precedes essence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existential_crisis" title="Existential crisis">Existential crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facticity" title="Facticity">Facticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaze" title="Gaze">Gaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_(philosophy)" title="Genealogy (philosophy)">Genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitus_(sociology)" title="Habitus (sociology)">Habitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauntology" title="Hauntology">Hauntology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_materialism" title="Historical materialism">Historical materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpellation_(philosophy)" title="Interpellation (philosophy)">Interpellation (philosophy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersubjectivity" title="Intersubjectivity">Intersubjectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_of_faith" title="Leap of faith">Leap of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master%E2%80%93slave_dialectic" class="mw-redirect" title="Master–slave dialectic">Master–slave dialectic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master%E2%80%93slave_morality" title="Master–slave morality">Master–slave morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_complex" title="Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontic">Ontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontopoetics" title="Ontopoetics">Ontopoetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Other_(philosophy)" title="Other (philosophy)">Other</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ressentiment" title="Ressentiment">Ressentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-deception" title="Self-deception">Self-deception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_(deconstruction)" title="Trace (deconstruction)">Trace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaluation_of_values" title="Transvaluation of values">Transvaluation of values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence#Philosophical_perspectives" title="Violence">Violence § Philosophical perspectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wertkritik" class="mw-redirect" title="Wertkritik">Wertkritik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_to_power" title="Will to power">Will to power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics_of_suspicion" title="Hermeneutics of suspicion">Hermeneutics of suspicion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discourse" title="Discourse">Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic theory">Linguistic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_determinism" title="Linguistic determinism">Linguistic determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">Semantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotics" title="Semiotics">Semiotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_studies" title="Media studies">Media studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_theory" title="Film theory">Film theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_turn" title="Linguistic turn">Linguistic turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">Postcolonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">Philosophy of language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Continental_philosophy" title="Category:Continental philosophy">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_continental_philosophy_articles" title="Index of continental philosophy articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Critique_of_political_economy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Critique_of_political_economy" title="Template:Critique of political economy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Critique_of_political_economy" title="Template talk:Critique of political economy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Critique_of_political_economy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Critique of political economy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Critique_of_political_economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th–19th-century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lafargue" title="Paul Lafargue">Paul Lafargue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Johan_Stagnelius" title="Erik Johan Stagnelius">Erik Johan Stagnelius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th–21st-century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Jean Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gorz" title="André Gorz">André Gorz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moishe_Postone" title="Moishe Postone">Moishe Postone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Balibar" title="Étienne Balibar">Étienne Balibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Marx-Lekt%C3%BCre" title="Neue Marx-Lektüre">Neue Marx-Lektüre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Reichelt" title="Helmut Reichelt">Helmut Reichelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Backhaus" title="Hans-Georg Backhaus">Hans-Georg Backhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kurz_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Kurz (philosopher)">Robert Kurz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heinrich" title="Michael Heinrich">Michael Heinrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fisher" title="Mark Fisher">Mark Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rosdolsky" title="Roman Rosdolsky">Roman Rosdolsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claus_Peter_Ortlieb" title="Claus Peter Ortlieb">Claus Peter Ortlieb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bataille" title="Georges Bataille">Georges Bataille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katrine_Mar%C3%A7al" title="Katrine Marçal">Katrine Marçal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_labour_and_concrete_labour" title="Abstract labour and concrete labour">Abstract labour and concrete labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_mode_of_production_(Marxist_theory)" title="Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)">Capitalist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_(Marxism)" title="Commodity (Marxism)">Commodity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrematistics" title="Chrematistics">Chrematistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismal_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Dismal Science">Dismal Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illth" title="Illth">Illth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_value" title="Law of value">Law of value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socially_necessary_labour_time" title="Socially necessary labour time">Socially necessary labour time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valorisation" title="Valorisation">Valorisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value-form" title="Value-form">Value-form</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Written works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unto_This_Last" title="Unto This Last">Unto This Last</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvodaya" title="Sarvodaya">Sarvodaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_to_Be_Lazy" title="The Right to Be Lazy">The Right to Be Lazy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundrisse" title="Grundrisse">Grundrisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Philosophic_Manuscripts_of_1844" title="Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844">Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mirror_of_Production" title="The Mirror of Production">The Mirror of Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Contribution_to_the_Critique_of_Political_Economy" title="A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy">A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlines_of_a_Critique_of_Political_Economy" title="Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy">Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Introduction_to_the_Three_Volumes_of_Karl_Marx%27s_Capital" title="An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital">An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_Economic_Reason" title="Critique of Economic Reason">Critique of Economic Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discourse_on_Inequality" title="Discourse on Inequality">Discourse on Inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Accursed_Share" title="The Accursed Share">The Accursed Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_Cooked_Adam_Smith%27s_Dinner%3F" title="Who Cooked Adam Smith's Dinner?">Who Cooked Adam Smith's Dinner?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assume_a_can_opener" title="Assume a can opener">Assume a can opener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">Classical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrematistics" title="Chrematistics">Chrematistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_anthropology" title="Economic anthropology">Economic anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_economics" title="Mainstream economics">Mainstream economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occam%27s_razor" title="Occam's razor">Occam's razor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Social_philosophy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_philosophy" title="Template:Social philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_philosophy" title="Template talk:Social philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Social_philosophy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Social_philosophy" title="Social philosophy">Social philosophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_(philosophy)" title="Agency (philosophy)">Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomie" title="Anomie">Anomie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)" title="Convention (norm)">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">Cosmopolitanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_law" title="Customary law">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culturalism" title="Culturalism">Culturalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interculturalism" title="Interculturalism">Inter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoculturalism" title="Monoculturalism">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">Counter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_nature" title="Human nature">Human nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identity_formation" title="Identity formation">Formation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_hand" title="Invisible hand">Invisible hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">Morality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mores" title="Mores">Mores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_character" title="National character">National character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reification_(Marxism)" title="Reification (Marxism)">Reification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ressentiment" title="Ressentiment">Ressentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittlichkeit" title="Sittlichkeit">Sittlichkeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">Social alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">Social norms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship" title="Stewardship">Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(ethics_and_social_sciences)" title="Value (ethics and social sciences)">Values</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksgeist" class="mw-redirect" title="Volksgeist">Volksgeist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldview" title="Worldview">Worldview</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_School" title="Budapest School">Budapest School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism" title="Personalism">Personalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laozi" title="Laozi">Laozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunzi_(philosopher)" title="Xunzi (philosopher)">Xunzi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Alpharabius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avempace" title="Avempace">Avempace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Bruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemistos_Plethon" title="Gemistos Plethon">Plethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tufayl" title="Ibn Tufayl">Ibn Tufayl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini" title="Francesco Guicciardini">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Montaigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas Müntzer">Müntzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th and 19th centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Adrien_Helv%C3%A9tius" title="Claude Adrien Helvétius">Helvétius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Royce" title="Josiah Royce">Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">de Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th and 21st centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Deleuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Durkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Gehlen" title="Arnold Gehlen">Gehlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byung-Chul_Han" title="Byung-Chul Han">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce_Irigaray" title="Luce Irigaray">Irigaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Ko%C5%82akowski" title="Leszek Kołakowski">Kołakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Niebuhr" title="Reinhold Niebuhr">Niebuhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Shariati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Simmel" title="Georg Simmel">Simmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Sombart" title="Werner Sombart">Sombart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Walzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Žižek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Officiis" title="De Officiis">De Officiis</a> (44 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oration_on_the_Dignity_of_Man" title="Oration on the Dignity of Man">Oration on the Dignity of Man</a> (1486)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_Natural_Society" title="A Vindication of Natural Society">A Vindication of Natural Society</a> (1756)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a> (1835–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilization_and_Its_Discontents" title="Civilization and Its Discontents">Civilization and Its Discontents</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Work_of_Art_in_the_Age_of_Mechanical_Reproduction" title="The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction">The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Sex" title="The Second Sex">The Second Sex</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-Dimensional_Man" title="One-Dimensional Man">One-Dimensional Man</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">The Society of the Spectacle</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Sexuality" title="The History of Sexuality">The History of Sexuality</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Culture_of_Narcissism" title="The Culture of Narcissism">The Culture of Narcissism</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Trouble" title="Gender Trouble">Gender Trouble</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Malaise_of_Modernity" title="The Malaise of Modernity">The Malaise of Modernity</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectuals_and_Society" title="Intellectuals and Society">Intellectuals and Society</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnotology" title="Agnotology">Agnotology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Axiology">Axiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_critic" title="Cultural critic">Cultural criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pessimism" title="Cultural pessimism">Cultural pessimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism" title="Historicism">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_culture" title="Philosophy of culture">Philosophy of culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_education" title="Philosophy of education">Philosophy of education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_history" title="Philosophy of history">Philosophy of history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_criticism" title="Social criticism">Social criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">Social science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_theory" title="Social theory">Social theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_philosophy" title="Category:Social philosophy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philosophers_and_theologians_associated_with_Death_of_God_theology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Death_of_God_philosophers" title="Template:Death of God philosophers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Death_of_God_philosophers" title="Template talk:Death of God philosophers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Death_of_God_philosophers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Death of God philosophers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philosophers_and_theologians_associated_with_Death_of_God_theology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Philosophers and theologians associated with <a href="/wiki/Death_of_God_theology" title="Death of God theology">Death of God theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._J._Altizer" title="Thomas J. J. Altizer">Thomas J. J. Altizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_van_Buren" title="Paul van Buren">Paul van Buren</a> (association disavowed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Caputo" title="John D. Caputo">John D. Caputo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meister_Eckhart" title="Meister Eckhart">Meister Eckhart</a> (posthumous attribution)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_(theologian)" title="William Hamilton (theologian)">William Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">G. W. F. Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Pseudo-Dionysius</a> (posthumous attribution)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_(bishop_of_Woolwich)" title="John Robinson (bishop of Woolwich)">John Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Rubenstein" title="Richard L. Rubenstein">Richard L. Rubenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tillich" title="Paul Tillich">Paul Tillich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Vahanian" title="Gabriel Vahanian">Gabriel Vahanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Vattimo" title="Gianni Vattimo">Gianni Vattimo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Slavoj Žižek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Dunne" title="John S. Dunne">John S. 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