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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For his father, see <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus_the_Elder" title="Gregory of Nazianzus the Elder">Gregory of Nazianzus the Elder</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Gregory of Nazianzus (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Γρηγόριος ὁ Ναζιανζηνός, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: Grēgorios ho Nazianzēnos; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 329<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4">[4]</a> – 25 January 390),<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen, was an early <a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">Roman Christian</a> theologian and prelate who served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_ecumenical_patriarchs_of_Constantinople" title="List of ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople">Archbishop of Constantinople</a> from 380 to 381. He is widely considered the most accomplished rhetorical stylist of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">patristic age</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a> As a classically trained orator and philosopher, he infused <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophy" title="Hellenistic philosophy">Hellenism</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Church</a>, establishing the paradigm of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> theologians and church officials.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a> <table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div> <div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Gregory of Nazianzus</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Gregor-Chora_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gregor-Chora_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Gregor-Chora_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gregor-Chora_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Gregor-Chora_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Gregor-Chora_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="595"></a><div class="infobox-caption">Icon of St. Gregory the Theologian, <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a> from <a href="/wiki/The_Chora" title="The Chora">The Chora</a> in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>Theologian</li><li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Holy_Hierarchs" title="Three Holy Hierarchs">Great Hierarch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Father</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oecumene" class="mw-redirect" title="Oecumene">Ecumenical Teacher</a></li></ul></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 329 <a href="/wiki/Arianzus" title="Arianzus">Arianzus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_(Roman_province)" title="Cappadocia (Roman province)">Cappadocia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 January 390 (aged <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 61) Arianzus, Cappadocia, Roman Empire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Congregation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Congregation">Pre-Congregation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchal</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_George,_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St George, Istanbul">Cathedral of St. George</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Fener" title="Fener">Fanar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Catholic Church: <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>: 2 January<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">General Roman Calendar of 1960</a>: 9 May</li><li>Eastern Catholic and Orthodox Churches: 25 January (primary feast day)</li><li>30 January (<a href="/wiki/Three_Great_Hierarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Great Hierarchs">Three Great Hierarchs</a>)</li><li>Anglican Communion: 2 January<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li><li>Lutheran Church: 10 January (<a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_%E2%80%93_Missouri_Synod" title="Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod">LCMS</a>); 14 June (<a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">ELCA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>: Saturday before the fourth Sunday of the <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a> or Saturday before the third Sunday of the <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vestments" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestments">Vested</a> as a bishop, wearing an <a href="/wiki/Omophorion" title="Omophorion">omophorion</a>; holding a <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a> or <a href="/wiki/Scroll" title="Scroll">scroll</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">Iconographically</a>, he is depicted as balding with a bushy white beard.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Theological work</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Patristic age</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tradition or movement</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Nicene Christianity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cataphatic_theology" title="Cataphatic theology">cataphatic theology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pneumatology" title="Pneumatology">pneumatology</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable ideas</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Homoousia" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoousia">Homoousia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">consubstantiality</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">theosis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hypostasis_(philosophy_and_religion)" title="Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)">hypostasis</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> Gregory made a significant impact on the shape of <a href="/wiki/Trinitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarian">Trinitarian</a> theology among both Greek and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>-speaking theologians, and he is remembered as the "Trinitarian Theologian". Much of his theological work continues to influence modern theologians, especially in regard to the relationship among the three Persons of the Trinity. Along with the brothers <a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a>, he is known as one of the <a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a>. Gregory of Nazianzus is a <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> in both <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> he is numbered among the <a href="/wiki/Doctors_of_the_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctors of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a>; in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> he is revered as one of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Holy_Hierarchs" title="Three Holy Hierarchs">Three Holy Hierarchs</a>, along with Basil of Caesarea and <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a>. He is considered one of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers#Great_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Great Fathers</a> in both Eastern and Western Christianity. He was considered the patron saint of <a href="/wiki/Kotromani%C4%87_dynasty" title="Kotromanić dynasty">Kotromanić dynasty</a> and medieval <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia">Bosnia</a> during the first half of the 15th century, while <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a>, the miracle-worker, has been the patron saint since at least mid-13th century, although confirmed by the papacy much later in 1461. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Saint Gregory the Great</a> was also considered the patron of both the state and dynasty in the late 15th century.<a href="#cite_note-Zbornik-Lovrenovi%C4%87-2008-Sv._Grgur-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> He is also one of only three men in the life of the Orthodox Church who have been officially designated "Theologian" by epithet,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> the other two being <a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">John of Patmos</a> (the Evangelist), and <a href="/wiki/Symeon_the_New_Theologian" title="Symeon the New Theologian">Symeon the New Theologian</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Biography">1 Biography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_life_and_education">1.1 Early life and education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Priesthood">1.2 Priesthood</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Episcopate_in_Sasima_and_Nazianzus">1.3 Episcopate in Sasima and Nazianzus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Gregory_at_Constantinople">1.4 Gregory at Constantinople</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Second_Ecumenical_Council_and_retirement_to_Nazianzus">1.5 Second Ecumenical Council and retirement to Nazianzus</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Legacy">2 Legacy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Theological_and_other_works">2.1 Theological and other works</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Influence">2.2 Influence</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Relics">2.3 Relics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Death">2.4 Death</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Feast_days">3 Feast days</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Notes_and_references">4 Notes and references</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#See_also">5 See also</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Bibliography">5.1 Bibliography</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Further_reading">6 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#External_links">7 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Gregory was born to <a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Greeks" title="Cappadocian Greeks">Greek</a> parents<a href="#cite_note-The_Riverside_Dictionary_of_Biography_336-10">[10]</a> in the family estate of <a href="/wiki/Karbala_(Cappadocia)" title="Karbala (Cappadocia)">Karbala</a> outside the village of <a href="/wiki/Arianzus" title="Arianzus">Arianzus</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Nazianzus" title="Nazianzus">Nazianzus</a>, in southwest <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia_(Roman_province)" title="Cappadocia (Roman province)">Cappadocia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11">[11]</a>: 18 His parents, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus_the_Elder" title="Gregory of Nazianzus the Elder">Gregory of Nazianzus the Elder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nonna_of_Nazianzus" title="Nonna of Nazianzus">Nonna of Nazianzus</a>, were wealthy land-owners. In 325, Nonna converted her husband, a <a href="/wiki/Hypsistarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypsistarian">Hypsistarian</a>, to Christianity; he was subsequently ordained as bishop of Nazianzus in 328 or 329.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: vii The young Gregory and his brother, <a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Nazianzus" title="Caesarius of Nazianzus">Caesarius of Nazianzus</a>, first studied at home with their uncle Amphylokhios. Gregory went on to study advanced rhetoric and philosophy in Nazianzus, <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_(Mazaca)" title="Caesarea (Mazaca)">Caesarea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>. On the way to Athens, his ship encountered a violent storm, and the terrified Gregory prayed to Christ that if He would deliver him, he would dedicate his life to His service.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 28 While at Athens, he developed a close friendship with his fellow student <a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a>, and also made the acquaintance of <a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Flavius Claudius Julianus</a>, who would later become the <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11">[11]</a>: 19, 25 In Athens, Gregory studied under the famous rhetoricians <a href="/wiki/Himerius" title="Himerius">Himerius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proaeresius" class="mw-redirect" title="Proaeresius">Proaeresius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hunter-Blair-12">[12]</a> He may have been baptized there, or shortly after his return to Cappadocia.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Priesthood">Priesthood</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Priesthood" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 361, Gregory returned to <a href="/wiki/Nazianzus" title="Nazianzus">Nazianzus</a> and was ordained a <a href="/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">presbyter</a> by his father's wish, who wanted him to assist with caring for local Christians.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 99–102 The younger Gregory, who had been considering a monastic existence, resented his father's decision to force him to choose between priestly services and a solitary existence, calling it an "act of tyranny".<a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11">[11]</a>: 32 <a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Leaving home after a few days, he met his friend Basil at Annesoi, where the two lived as ascetics.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 102 However, Basil urged him to return home to assist his father, which he did for the next year. Arriving at Nazianzus, Gregory found the local Christian community split by theological differences and his father accused of heresy by local monks.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 107 Gregory helped to heal the division through a combination of personal diplomacy and oratory.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] By this time, Emperor Julian had publicly declared himself in opposition to Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 115 In response to the emperor's rejection of the Christian faith, Gregory composed his Invectives Against Julian between 362 and 363. Invectives asserts that Christianity will overcome imperfect rulers such as Julian through love and patience. This process as described by Gregory is the public manifestation of the process of deification (<a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Orthodox_theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosis (Eastern Orthodox theology)">theosis</a>), which leads to a spiritual elevation and mystical union with God.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 121 Julian resolved, in late 362, to vigorously prosecute Gregory and his other Christian critics; however, the emperor perished the following year during a campaign against the Persians.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 125–126 With the death of the emperor, Gregory and the Eastern churches were no longer under the threat of persecution, as the new Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Jovian_(Emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jovian (Emperor)">Jovian</a> was an avowed Christian and supporter of the church.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 130 Gregory spent the next few years combating <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a>, which threatened to divide the region of <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a>. In this tense environment, Gregory interceded on behalf of his friend Basil with Bishop <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Mazaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesarea Mazaca">Mazaca</a>).<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 138–142 The two friends then entered a period of close fraternal cooperation as they participated in a great rhetorical contest of the Caesarean church precipitated by the arrival of accomplished Arian theologians and rhetors.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 143 In the subsequent public debates, presided over by agents of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a>, Gregory and Basil emerged triumphant. This success confirmed for both Gregory and Basil that their futures lay in administration of the Church.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 143 Basil, who had long displayed inclinations to the episcopacy, was elected bishop of the see of <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Mazaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesarea Mazaca">Caesarea in Cappadocia</a> in 370.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Episcopate_in_Sasima_and_Nazianzus">Episcopate in Sasima and Nazianzus</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Episcopate in Sasima and Nazianzus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Gregory was ordained Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Sasima" title="Sasima">Sasima</a> in 372 by Basil.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 190–195 Basil created this <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">see</a> in order to strengthen his position in his dispute with <a href="/wiki/Anthimus_of_Tyana" title="Anthimus of Tyana">Anthimus</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Tyana" title="Tyana">Tyana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hunter-Blair-12">[12]</a> The ambitions of Gregory's father to have his son rise in the Church hierarchy and the insistence of his friend Basil convinced Gregory to accept this position despite his reservations. Gregory would later refer to his episcopal ordination as forced upon him by his strong-willed father and Basil.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 187–192 Describing his new bishopric, Gregory lamented how it was nothing more than an "utterly dreadful, pokey little hole; a paltry horse-stop on the main road... devoid of water, vegetation, or the company of gentlemen... this was my Church of Sasima!"<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> He made little effort to administer his new diocese, complaining to Basil that he preferred instead to pursue a contemplative life.<a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11">[11]</a>: 38–39 By late 372, Gregory returned to Nazianzus to assist his dying father with the administration of his diocese.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 199 This strained his relationship with Basil, who insisted that Gregory resume his post at Sasima. Gregory retorted that he had no intention to continue to play the role of pawn to advance Basil's interests.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> He instead focused his attention on his new duties as <a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">coadjutor</a> of Nazianzus. It was around this time that his sister, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Gorgonia" title="Saint Gorgonia">Saint Gorgonia</a>, died, and he preached a eulogy at her funeral. Following the deaths of his mother and father in 374, Gregory continued to administer the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Nazianzus" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nazianzus">Diocese of Nazianzus</a> but refused to be named bishop. Donating most of his inheritance to the needy, he lived an austere existence.<a href="#cite_note-Hunter-Blair-12">[12]</a> At the end of 375, he withdrew to a monastery at <a href="/wiki/Silifke" title="Silifke">Seleukia</a>, living there for three years. Near the end of this period, his friend Basil died. Although Gregory's health did not permit him to attend the funeral, he wrote a heartfelt letter of condolence to Basil's brother, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a>, and composed twelve memorial poems dedicated to the memory of his departed friend. (The Greek Anthology, book I epigram 86 and book VIII epigrams 2–11). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gregory_at_Constantinople">Gregory at Constantinople</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gregory at Constantinople" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Upon the death of Emperor Valens in 378, the accession of <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a>, a steadfast supporter of Nicene orthodoxy, was good news to those who wished to purge Constantinople of <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollinarism" title="Apollinarism">Apollinarian</a> domination.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 235 The exiled Nicene party gradually returned to the city. From his deathbed, Basil reminded them of Gregory's capabilities and likely recommended his friend to champion the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinitarian cause</a> in Constantinople.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 235–236 <a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In 379, the Antioch synod and its archbishop, <a href="/wiki/Meletius_of_Antioch" title="Meletius of Antioch">Meletius</a>, asked Gregory to go to Constantinople to lead a theological campaign to win over that city to Nicene orthodoxy.<a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11">[11]</a>: 42 After much hesitation, Gregory agreed. His cousin Theodosia offered him a villa for his residence; Gregory immediately transformed much of it into a church, naming it Anastasia, "a scene for the resurrection of the faith".<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 241 <a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> From this little chapel he delivered five powerful discourses on Nicene doctrine, explaining the nature of the Trinity and the unity of the Godhead.<a href="#cite_note-Hunter-Blair-12">[12]</a> Refuting the <a href="/wiki/Anomoeanism" title="Anomoeanism">Eunomian</a> denial of the Holy Spirit's divinity, Gregory offered this argument: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Look at these facts: Christ is born, the Holy Spirit is His Forerunner. Christ is baptized, the Spirit bears witness to this ... Christ works miracles, the Spirit accompanies them. Christ ascends, the Spirit takes His place. What great things are there in the idea of God which are not in His power? What titles appertaining to God do not apply also to Him, except for Unbegotten and Begotten? I tremble when I think of such an abundance of titles, and how many Names they blaspheme, those who revolt against the Spirit!<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></blockquote> Gregory's homilies were well received and attracted ever-growing crowds to Anastasia. Fearing his popularity, his opponents decided to strike. On the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Eve" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Eve">vigil of Easter</a> in 379, an Arian mob burst into his church during worship services, wounding Gregory and killing another bishop. Escaping the mob, Gregory next found himself betrayed by his erstwhile friend, the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Maximus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus I of Constantinople">Maximus I of Constantinople</a>. Maximus I, who was in secret alliance with <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Alexandria" title="Peter II of Alexandria">Peter II of Alexandria</a>, attempted to seize Gregory's position and have himself ordained bishop of Constantinople.<a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11">[11]</a>: 43 Shocked, Gregory decided to resign his office, but the faction faithful to him induced him to stay and ejected Maximus I. This episode left Gregory embarrassed, and exposed him to criticism as a provincial simpleton unable to cope with the intrigues of the imperial city.<a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11">[11]</a>: 43 Affairs in Constantinople remained confused as Gregory's position was still unofficial, and Arian priests yet occupied many important churches. The arrival of the emperor Theodosius in 380 settled matters in Gregory's favor. The emperor, determined to eliminate Arianism, expelled <a href="/wiki/Demophilus_of_Constantinople" title="Demophilus of Constantinople">Demophilus of Constantinople</a>. Gregory was subsequently enthroned as bishop of Constantinople at the Basilica of the Apostles, replacing Demophilus.<a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11">[11]</a>: 45 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Ecumenical_Council_and_retirement_to_Nazianzus">Second Ecumenical Council and retirement to Nazianzus</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second Ecumenical Council and retirement to Nazianzus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3HolyHierarchs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/3HolyHierarchs.jpg/220px-3HolyHierarchs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="644"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 236px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/3HolyHierarchs.jpg/220px-3HolyHierarchs.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="236" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/3HolyHierarchs.jpg/330px-3HolyHierarchs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/3HolyHierarchs.jpg/440px-3HolyHierarchs.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A Byzantine-style icon depicting the <a href="/wiki/Three_Holy_Hierarchs" title="Three Holy Hierarchs">Three Holy Hierarchs</a>: (left to right:) <a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregory of Nazianzus</a>.</figcaption></figure> Theodosius wanted to further unify the entire empire behind the orthodox position and decided to convene a church council to resolve matters of faith and discipline.<a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11">[11]</a>: 45 Gregory was of similar mind in wishing to unify Christianity. In the spring of 381, they convened the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a>, which was attended by 150 Eastern bishops. After the death of the presiding bishop, <a href="/wiki/Meletius_of_Antioch" title="Meletius of Antioch">Meletius of Antioch</a>, Gregory was selected to lead the council. Hoping to reconcile the West with the East, he offered to recognize <a href="/wiki/Paulinus_II_of_Antioch" title="Paulinus II of Antioch">Paulinus II</a> as <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Antioch" title="Patriarch of Antioch">Patriarch of Antioch</a>. The Egyptian and Macedonian bishops who had supported Maximus's ordination arrived late for the council. Once there, they refused to recognise Gregory's position as head of the church of Constantinople, arguing that his transfer from the See of <a href="/wiki/Sasima" title="Sasima">Sasima</a> was canonically illegitimate.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 358–359 Gregory was physically exhausted and worried that he was losing the confidence of the bishops and the emperor.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 359 Rather than press his case and risk further division, he decided to resign his office: "Let me be as the Prophet Jonah! I was responsible for the storm, but I would sacrifice myself for the salvation of the ship. Seize me and throw me ... I was not happy when I ascended the throne, and gladly would I descend it".<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> He shocked the council with his surprise resignation and then delivered a dramatic speech to Theodosius asking to be released from his offices. The emperor, moved by his words, applauded, commended his labor, and granted his resignation. The Council asked him to appear once more for a farewell ritual and celebratory orations. Gregory used this occasion to deliver a final address (<abbr title="Oration">Or.</abbr> 42) and then departed.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: 361 Returning to his homeland of Cappadocia, Gregory once again resumed his position as bishop of Nazianzus. He spent the next year combating the local <a href="/wiki/Apollinarism" title="Apollinarism">Apollinarian heretics</a> and struggling with periodic illness. He also began composing De Vita Sua, his autobiographical poem.<a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11">[11]</a>: 50 By the end of 383 he found his health too feeble to cope with episcopal duties. Gregory established Eulalius as bishop of Nazianzus and then withdrew into the solitude of <a href="/wiki/Arianzus" title="Arianzus">Arianzus</a>. After enjoying six peaceful years in retirement at his family estate, he died on 25 January 390.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Gregory faced stark choices throughout his life: Should he pursue studies as a rhetor or philosopher? Would a monastic life be more appropriate than public ministry? Was it better to blaze his own path or follow the course mapped for him by his father and Basil? Gregory's writings illuminate the conflicts which both tormented and motivated him. Biographers suggest that it was this dialectic which defined him, forged his character, and inspired his search for meaning and truth.<a href="#cite_note-Ruether-11">[11]</a>: 54 </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_(15th_c.,_GTG).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg/170px-Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="502" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="2951"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 502px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg/170px-Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="502" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg/255px-Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg/340px-Gregory_of_Nazianzus_from_Vasilyevskiy_chin_%2815th_c.%2C_GTG%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Rublev" title="Andrei Rublev">Andrei Rublev</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregory of Nazianzus</a>, (1408), <a href="/wiki/Dormition_Cathedral,_Vladimir" title="Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir">Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theological_and_other_works">Theological and other works</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Theological and other works" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Gregory's most significant theological contributions arose from his defense of the doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>. He is especially noted for his contributions to the field of <a href="/wiki/Pneumatology_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumatology (Christianity)">pneumatology</a> — that is, theology concerning the nature of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In this regard, Gregory is the first to use the idea of procession to describe the relationship between the Spirit and the Godhead: "The Holy Spirit is truly Spirit, coming forth from the Father indeed but not after the manner of the Son, for it is not by generation but by procession, since I must coin a word for the sake of clearness."<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Although Gregory does not fully develop the concept, the idea of procession would shape most later thought about the Holy Spirit.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> He emphasized that Jesus did not cease to be God when he became a man, nor did he lose any of his divine attributes when he took on human nature. Furthermore, Gregory asserted that Christ was fully human, including a full human soul. He also proclaimed the eternality of the Holy Spirit, saying that the Holy Spirit's actions were somewhat hidden in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> but much clearer since the ascension of Jesus into Heaven and the descent of the Holy Spirit at the feast of Pentecost.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In contrast to the Neo-Arian belief that the Son is anomoios, or "unlike" the Father, and with the <a href="/wiki/Semi-Arian" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-Arian">Semi-Arian</a> assertion that the Son is <a href="/wiki/Homoiousian" title="Homoiousian">homoiousios</a>, or "like" the Father, Gregory and his fellow Cappadocians maintained the Nicaean doctrine of homoousia, or <a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">consubstantiality</a> of the Son with the Father.<a href="#cite_note-B%C3%B8rtnes-25">[25]</a>: 9–10 The Cappadocian Fathers asserted that God's nature is unknowable to man; helped to develop the framework of <a href="/wiki/Hypostasis_(philosophy_and_religion)" title="Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)">hypostases</a>, or three persons united in a single Godhead; illustrated how Jesus is the <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">eikon</a> of the Father; and explained the concept of <a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Orthodox_theology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosis (Eastern Orthodox theology)">theosis</a>, the belief that all Christians can be assimilated with God in "imitation of the incarnate Son as the divine model".<a href="#cite_note-B%C3%B8rtnes-25">[25]</a>: 10 Some of Gregory's theological writings suggest that, like his friend <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a>, he may have supported some form of the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Apokatastasis" title="Apokatastasis">Apokatastasis</a>, the belief that God will bring all of creation into harmony with the <a href="/wiki/Unification_Church_and_politics" title="Unification Church and politics">Kingdom of Heaven</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> This led <a href="/wiki/Philip_Schaff" title="Philip Schaff">Philip Schaff</a> and late-nineteenth century <a href="/wiki/Christian_universalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian universalists">Christian universalists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Hanson" title="John Wesley Hanson">John Wesley Hanson</a> to describe Gregory's theology as universalist.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> This view of Gregory is also held by some modern theologians such as John Sachs, who said that Gregory had "leanings" toward apokatastasis, but in a "cautious, undogmatic" way.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> However, it is not clear or universally accepted that Gregory held to the doctrine of Apokatastasis.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Apart from the several theological discourses, Gregory was also one of the most important early Christian men of letters, a very accomplished orator, even perhaps one of the greatest of his time.<a href="#cite_note-B%C3%B8rtnes-25">[25]</a>: 21 Gregory was also a very prolific poet who wrote theological, moral, and biographical poems.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The book VIII of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Anthology" title="Greek Anthology">Greek Anthology</a> contains exclusively 254 <a href="/wiki/Epigrams" class="mw-redirect" title="Epigrams">epigrams</a> of his.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence">Influence</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Influence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Gregory's great nephew Nichobulos served as his literary executor, preserving and editing many of his writings. A cousin, Eulalios, published several of Gregory's more noteworthy works in 391.<a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: xi By 400, Rufinius began translating his orations into Latin. As Gregory's works circulated throughout the empire they influenced theological thought. His orations were cited as authoritative by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a> in 431. By 451 he was designated Theologus, or Theologian by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-6">[6]</a>: xi – a title held by no others save <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a><a href="#cite_note-Hunter-Blair-12">[12]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Symeon_the_New_Theologian" title="Symeon the New Theologian">Symeon the New Theologian</a> (949–1022). He is widely quoted by Eastern Orthodox theologians and highly regarded as a defender of the Christian faith. His contributions to <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinitarian theology</a> are also influential and often cited in the Western churches.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Tillich" title="Paul Tillich">Paul Tillich</a> credits Gregory of Nazianzus for having "created the definitive formulae for the doctrine of the trinity".<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Anaphora_of_Saint_Gregory" title="Anaphora of Saint Gregory">Liturgy of Saint Gregory the Theologian</a> in use by the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Church">Coptic Church</a> is named after him.<a href="#cite_note-OHCW-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relics">Relics</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Relics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Following his death, Gregory was buried at <a href="/wiki/Nazianzus" title="Nazianzus">Nazianzus</a>. His relics, consisting of portions of his body and clothing, were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> in 950, into the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Apostles" title="Church of the Holy Apostles">Church of the Holy Apostles</a>. Part of the relics were taken from Constantinople by Crusaders during the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a>, in 1204, and ended up in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. On 27 November 2004, those relics, along with those of <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a>, were returned to <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a> retaining a small portion of both. The relics are now enshrined in the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchal</a> <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Cathedral,_Istanbul" title="St. George's Cathedral, Istanbul">St. George's Cathedral, Istanbul</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Fener" title="Fener">Fanar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> During the six years of life which remained to him after his final retirement to his birthplace, Gregory composed the greater part of his copious poetical works. These include a valuable autobiographical poem of nearly 2000 lines; about one hundred other shorter poems relating to his past career; and a large number of epitaphs, epigrams, and epistles to well-known people during that era. The poems that he wrote that dealt with his personal affairs refer to the continuous illness and severe sufferings (physical and spiritual) which assailed him during his last years. In the tiny plot of ground at <a href="/wiki/Arianzus" title="Arianzus">Arianzus</a>, all that remained to him of his rich inheritance was by a fountain near which there was a shady walk. Gregory retired here to spend his days as a hermit. It was during this time that he decided to write theological discourses and poetry of both a religious and an autobiographical nature.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> He would receive occasional visits from intimate friends, as well as visits from strangers who were attracted to his retreat by his large reputation for sanctity and learning. He died about 25 January 390, although the exact date of his death is unknown.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Feast_days">Feast days</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Feast days" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Gregory of Nazianzus is celebrated on different days across Christianity: <ul><li>2 January: The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">Church of England</a> celebrate Gregory's feast on 2 January;<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li>10 January: The <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_%E2%80%93_Missouri_Synod" title="Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod</a> commemorates Gregory, along with <a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a>) on 10 January;<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li> <li>19, 25 and 30 January: The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> celebrate two major feast days in Gregory's honor. 25 January is his primary feast; 30 January, known as the feast of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Great_Hierarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Great Hierarchs">Three Great Hierarchs</a>, commemorates him along with John Chrysostom and Basil of Caesarea.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> There is also a minor feast day on 19 January which commemorates the <a href="/wiki/Translation_(relic)" title="Translation (relic)">transfer of his relics</a>;<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li> <li>9 May: The <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)">Episcopal Church</a> celebrates Gregory's feast on 9 May;<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li> <li>14 June: The <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a> commemorates Gregory of Nazianzus together with his friends <a href="/wiki/Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil the Great">Basil the Great</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a> on 14 June;[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Armenian Dates: The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a> devotes two days each year to Gregory. He is commemorated together with eleven other doctors of the Church on the Saturday before the feast of the Discovery of the Holy Cross (which is observed on the Sunday closest to 26 October.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The Armenian Church calendar also has a feast day dedicated solely to Gregory. This falls either on the Saturday before the fourth Sunday of the <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a>, or if that day falls during the feast of the <a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a>, on the Saturday before the third Sunday after the <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes and references" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_1-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/245696">Saint Gregory of Nazianzus</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar">"The Calendar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>. Retrieved 2 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Calendar&rft.pub=Church+of+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fworship-texts-and-resources%2Fcommon-worship%2Fchurchs-year%2Fcalendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926044850/https://armenianchurch.ge/en/kalendar-prazdnikov/description-2/july/commemoration-of-st-gregory-the-theologian">"Commemoration of St. Gregory the Theologian"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenianchurch.ge/en/kalendar-prazdnikov/description-2/july/commemoration-of-st-gregory-the-theologian">the original</a> on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commemoration+of+St.+Gregory+the+Theologian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmenianchurch.ge%2Fen%2Fkalendar-prazdnikov%2Fdescription-2%2Fjuly%2Fcommemoration-of-st-gregory-the-theologian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-1">b</a> Liturgy of the Hours Volume I, Proper of Saints, 2 January. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saint.gr/1161/saint.aspx">"Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής :: Άγιος Γρηγόριος ο Θεολόγος"</a>. Saint.gr. 25 January 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saint.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82+%3A%3A+%CE%86%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%BF+%CE%98%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saint.gr%2F1161%2Fsaint.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGuckin-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGuckin_6-24">y</a> McGuckin, John (2001), Saint Gregory of Nazianzus - An Intellectual Biography, Crestwood, N.Y. </li> <li id="cite_note-Zbornik-Lovrenović-2008-Sv._Grgur-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Zbornik-Lovrenovi%C4%87-2008-Sv._Grgur_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovrenović2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Dubravko_Lovrenovi%C4%87" title="Dubravko Lovrenović">Lovrenović, Dubravko</a> (2008). "Sv. Grgur čudotvorac – zaštitnik Kotromanića i srednjovjekovne Bosne". In Karamatić, Fra Marko (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=548087">Zbornik o Marku Dobretiću</a> (pdf) (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Franjevačka teologija. pp. 9–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9958-9026-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-9958-9026-0-4"><bdi>978-9958-9026-0-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 17 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sv.+Grgur+%C4%8Dudotvorac+%E2%80%93+za%C5%A1titnik+Kotromani%C4%87a+i+srednjovjekovne+Bosne&rft.btitle=Zbornik+o+Marku+Dobreti%C4%87u&rft.place=Sarajevo&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E9-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.pub=Franjeva%C4%8Dka+teologija&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9958-9026-0-4&rft.aulast=Lovrenovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dubravko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Fchapter-detail%3Fid%3D548087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHousley2016" class="citation book cs1">Housley, Norman (17 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kAtqDAAAQBAJ">The Crusade in the Fifteenth Century - Converging and competing cultures</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-03688-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-03688-3"><bdi>978-1-317-03688-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 3 March 2019 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusade+in+the+Fifteenth+Century+-+Converging+and+competing+cultures&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-06-17&rft.isbn=978-1-317-03688-3&rft.aulast=Housley&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkAtqDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/1881/sxsaintinfo.aspx">Ὁ Ἅγιος Γρηγόριος ὁ Θεολόγος Ἀρχιεπίσκοπος Κωνσταντινουπόλεως</a>, 25 Ιανουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ. </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Riverside_Dictionary_of_Biography_336-10"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Riverside_Dictionary_of_Biography_336_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riversidediction0000unse/page/336">The Riverside Dictionary of Biography</a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2005. p. 336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780618493371" title="Special:BookSources/9780618493371"><bdi>9780618493371</bdi></a>. <q>Gregory of Nazianzus, St, c. 330 – c. 389 AD • Greek prelate and theologian - Born of Greek parents in Cappadocia, he was educated in Caesarea, Alexandria and Athens</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Riverside+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780618493371&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friversidediction0000unse%2Fpage%2F336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruether-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruether_11-10">k</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuether1969" class="citation cs2">Ruether, Rosemary Radford (1969), Gregory of Nazianzus - Rhetor and Philosopher, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gregory+of+Nazianzus+-+Rhetor+and+Philosopher&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Ruether&rft.aufirst=Rosemary+Radford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunter-Blair-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter-Blair_12-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter-Blair1910" class="citation cs2">Hunter-Blair, D. O. (1910), "Gregory of Nazianzus", Catholic Encyclopedia, Robert Appleton</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gregory+of+Nazianzus&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Hunter-Blair&rft.aufirst=D.+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaley2012" class="citation book cs1">Daley, Brian (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XZuC9BGZFRwC">Gregory of Nazianzus</a>. The Early Church Fathers. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 7–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134807277" title="Special:BookSources/9781134807277"><bdi>9781134807277</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gregory+of+Nazianzus&rft.series=The+Early+Church+Fathers&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781134807277&rft.aulast=Daley&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXZuC9BGZFRwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Paul_Migne" title="Jacques Paul Migne">Jacques Paul Migne</a> (ed), <a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca" title="Patrologia Graeca">Patrologia Graeca</a> (PG), (1857–1866), 37.1053, Carm. de vita sua, l.345 </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Gregory, as quoted in <a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca" title="Patrologia Graeca">Patrologia Graeca</a> 37.1059–60, De Vita Sua, vv. 439–446. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallay1964" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gallay, P. (1964), Grégoire de Nazianze (in French), p. 61</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gr%C3%A9goire+de+Nazianze&rft.pages=61&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Gallay&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988">; quoting from Ep. 48, PG 37.97. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Oration 43.2, PG 36.497. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> 2 Kings 4:8 and Orat. 26.17, PG 35.1249. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNazianzus" class="citation cs2">Nazianzus, Gregory of, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100298">Oration</a>, The Orthodox Church of America, p. 31:29, retrieved 2 May 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oration&rft.pages=31%3A29&rft.pub=The+Orthodox+Church+of+America&rft.aulast=Nazianzus&rft.aufirst=Gregory+of&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Focafs.oca.org%2FFeastSaintsViewer.asp%3FSID%3D4%26ID%3D1%26FSID%3D100298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca" title="Patrologia Graeca">Patrologia Graeca</a>, 37.1157–9, Carm. de vita sua, ll 1828–1855. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Michael O'Carroll, "Gregory of Nazianzus" in Trinitas (Wilmington, DE, Michael Glazier, 1987). </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Gregory of Nazianzus, Five Theological Orations, oration five. This fifth oration deals entirely with the Holy Spirit. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> HEW Turner and Francis Young, "Procession(s)" in The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology, ed. A. Richardson and J. Bowden (Philadelphia, Westminster Press, 1983). Through Augustine, the idea would develop in the West into "double-procession", resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque clause</a> and the split between Eastern and Western Christianity. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeinel2009" class="citation journal cs1">Meinel, Fabian (2009). "Gregory of Nazianzus' Poemata Arcana: ἄρρητα and Christian Persuasion". The Cambridge Classical Journal. 55: 71–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1750270500000208">10.1017/S1750270500000208</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1750-2705">1750-2705</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44688044">44688044</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170730880">170730880</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cambridge+Classical+Journal&rft.atitle=Gregory+of+Nazianzus%27+Poemata+Arcana%3A+%E1%BC%84%CF%81%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1+and+Christian+Persuasion&rft.volume=55&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E96&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1750-2705&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170730880%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44688044%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1750270500000208&rft.aulast=Meinel&rft.aufirst=Fabian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Børtnes-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-B%C3%B8rtnes_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-B%C3%B8rtnes_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-B%C3%B8rtnes_25-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBørtnes2006" class="citation cs2">Børtnes (2006), Gregory of Nazianzus - Images and Reflections</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gregory+of+Nazianzus+-+Images+and+Reflections&rft.date=2006&rft.au=B%C3%B8rtnes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc01.html?term=Apocatastasis">Apokatastasis</a>", New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. I. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Hanson, J. W.; Universalism - The Prevailing Doctrine Of The Christian Church During Its First Five Hundred Years. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tentmaker.org/books/Prevailing.html#211">Chapter XV: Gregory Nazianzen</a>, Boston and Chicago <a href="/wiki/Universalist_Church_of_America" title="Universalist Church of America">Universalist Publishing House</a>, 1899. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Sachs, John R.; "Apocatastasis in Patristic Theology", Theological Studies, 54 (December 1993), p. 632. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> David L. Balas, "Apokatastasis" in The Encyclopedia of Early Christianity, second edition, ed. Everett Ferguson (New York, <a href="/wiki/Garland_Science" title="Garland Science">Garland Publishing</a>, 1997), details <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a>'s adherence to the doctrine, while making no mention of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregory of Nazianzus</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2020" class="citation thesis cs1">McDonald, James Joseph (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theses.gla.ac.uk/81630/23/2020McDonaldJJPhD.pdf">Paideia in the poetry of Gregory Nazianzen</a> (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Glasgow. Retrieved 31 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Paideia+in+the+poetry+of+Gregory+Nazianzen&rft.inst=University+of+Glasgow&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=James+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheses.gla.ac.uk%2F81630%2F23%2F2020McDonaldJJPhD.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorin" class="citation web cs1">Storin, Bradley K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/29216789/In_a_Silent_Way_Asceticism_and_Literature_in_the_Rehabilitation_of_Gregory_of_Nazianzus">"In a Silent Way: Asceticism and Literature in the Rehabilitation of Gregory of Nazianzus"</a>. Academia.edu. Retrieved 31 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academia.edu&rft.atitle=In+a+Silent+Way%3A+Asceticism+and+Literature+in+the+Rehabilitation+of+Gregory+of+Nazianzus&rft.aulast=Storin&rft.aufirst=Bradley+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F29216789%2FIn_a_Silent_Way_Asceticism_and_Literature_in_the_Rehabilitation_of_Gregory_of_Nazianzus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> See how the 1992 edition of the <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a> cites a variety of Gregory's orations </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Tillich, Paul; A History of Christian Thought (<a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>, 1968), p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-OHCW-34"><a href="#cite_ref-OHCW_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWainwrightWesterfield_TuckerChaillot2006" class="citation cs2">Wainwright, Geoffrey; Westerfield Tucker, Karen B.; Chaillot, Christine (2006), "The Ancient Oriental Churches", <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_History_of_Christian_Worship" title="The Oxford History of Christian Worship">The Oxford History of Christian Worship</a>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, p. 139, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513886-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-513886-3"><bdi>978-0-19-513886-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ancient+Oriental+Churches&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Christian+Worship&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513886-3&rft.aulast=Wainwright&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.au=Westerfield+Tucker%2C+Karen+B.&rft.au=Chaillot%2C+Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2004" class="citation cs2">Fisher, Ian (28 November 2004), "Pope returns remains of 2 Orthodox patriarchs", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070829143756/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041128/news_1n28pope.html">San Diego Union-Tribune</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041128/news_1n28pope.html">the original</a> on 29 August 2007, retrieved 24 October 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pope+returns+remains+of+2+Orthodox+patriarchs&rft.btitle=San+Diego+Union-Tribune&rft.date=2004-11-28&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.signonsandiego.com%2Funiontrib%2F20041128%2Fnews_1n28pope.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-gregory-of-nazianzen/">"Saint Gregory of Nazianzen"</a>. 3 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Gregory+of+Nazianzen&rft.date=2009-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaints.sqpn.com%2Fsaint-gregory-of-nazianzen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07010b.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA - St. Gregory of Nazianzus"</a>. newadvent.org. Retrieved 1 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA+-+St.+Gregory+of+Nazianzus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F07010b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/texts/the-calendar/holydays.aspx">"Join us in Daily Prayer – The Church of England"</a>. churchofengland.org. 31 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=churchofengland.org&rft.atitle=Join+us+in+Daily+Prayer+%E2%80%93+The+Church+of+England&rft.date=2018-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-worship%2Fworship%2Ftexts%2Fthe-calendar%2Fholydays.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Lutheranism 101, CPH, St. Louis, 2010, p. 277 </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100298">"St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople"</a>. ocafs.oca.org. Orthodox Church in America. Retrieved 26 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ocafs.oca.org&rft.atitle=St+Gregory+the+Theologian+the+Archbishop+of+Constantinople&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Focafs.oca.org%2FFeastSaintsViewer.asp%3FSID%3D4%26ID%3D1%26FSID%3D100298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp">"Synaxis of the Ecumenical Teachers and Hierarchs - Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom"</a>. ocafs.oca.org. Orthodox Church in America. Retrieved 26 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ocafs.oca.org&rft.atitle=Synaxis+of+the+Ecumenical+Teachers+and+Hierarchs+-+Basil+the+Great%2C+Gregory+the+Theologian%2C+and+John+Chrysostom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Focafs.oca.org%2FFeastSaintsViewer.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2024/01/19/100215-the-transfer-of-the-relics-of-saint-gregory-the-theologian">"The transfer of the relics of Saint Gregory the Theologian"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">OCA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241103104718/https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2024/01/19/100215-the-transfer-of-the-relics-of-saint-gregory-the-theologian">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2024. Retrieved 3 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OCA&rft.atitle=The+transfer+of+the+relics+of+Saint+Gregory+the+Theologian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Fsaints%2Flives%2F2024%2F01%2F19%2F100215-the-transfer-of-the-relics-of-saint-gregory-the-theologian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W3e7DwAAQBAJ">Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018</a>. Church Publishing, Inc. 1 December 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-234-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-234-7"><bdi>978-1-64065-234-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lesser+Feasts+and+Fasts+2018&rft.pub=Church+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2019-12-01&rft.isbn=978-1-64065-234-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW3e7DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenianchurch.ge/en/kalendar-prazdnikov/description-2/october/commemoration-of-the-twelve-archimandrites-sts-retheos-dionisios-selbestros-athanas-cyril-of-jerusalem-ephrem-khourie-assyrian-vasil-barsegh-of-caesaria-gregory-of-nyssa-gregory-the-theoloegian-epiphan-of-cyprus-john-chrysostom-and-cyril">"Commemoration of the Twelve Archimandrites – STS. Retheos, Dionisios, Selbestros, Athanas, Cyril of Jerusalem, Ephrem Khourie Assyrian, Vasil (Barsegh) of Caesaria, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory of Nazianzus, Epiphan of Cyprus, John Chrysostom and Cyril"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commemoration+of+the+Twelve+Archimandrites+%E2%80%93+STS.+Retheos%2C+Dionisios%2C+Selbestros%2C+Athanas%2C+Cyril+of+Jerusalem%2C+Ephrem+Khourie+Assyrian%2C+Vasil+%28Barsegh%29+of+Caesaria%2C+Gregory+of+Nyssa%2C+Gregory+of+Nazianzus%2C+Epiphan+of+Cyprus%2C+John+Chrysostom+and+Cyril&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmenianchurch.ge%2Fen%2Fkalendar-prazdnikov%2Fdescription-2%2Foctober%2Fcommemoration-of-the-twelve-archimandrites-sts-retheos-dionisios-selbestros-athanas-cyril-of-jerusalem-ephrem-khourie-assyrian-vasil-barsegh-of-caesaria-gregory-of-nyssa-gregory-the-theoloegian-epiphan-of-cyprus-john-chrysostom-and-cyril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vemkar.us/armenian-heritage/st-gregory-the-theologian-and-the-expansive-intellectual-world-of-armenian-commentaries/">"St. Gregory the Theologian and the Expansive Intellectual World of Armenian Commentaries – VEMKAR"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Gregory+the+Theologian+and+the+Expansive+Intellectual+World+of+Armenian+Commentaries+%E2%80%93+VEMKAR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvemkar.us%2Farmenian-heritage%2Fst-gregory-the-theologian-and-the-expansive-intellectual-world-of-armenian-commentaries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ecumenical_Patriarchs_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople">List of Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBørtnesHägg2006" class="citation cs2">Børtnes, Jostein; Hägg, Tomas (2006), Gregory of Nazianzus - Images and Reflections, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-635-0386-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-635-0386-0"><bdi>978-87-635-0386-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gregory+of+Nazianzus+-+Images+and+Reflections&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-87-635-0386-0&rft.aulast=B%C3%B8rtnes&rft.aufirst=Jostein&rft.au=H%C3%A4gg%2C+Tomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/St._Gregory_of_Nazianzus">"St. Gregory of Nazianzus" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Gregory+of+Nazianzus&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_McGuckin" class="mw-redirect" title="John Anthony McGuckin">John Anthony McGuckin</a>, St. Gregory of Nazianzus - An Intellectual Biography, Crestwood, NY, 2001, St. Vladimir's Seminar Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88141-222-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-88141-222-8">0-88141-222-8</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Paul_Migne" title="Jacques Paul Migne">Jacques Paul Migne</a> (General Editor), <a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca" title="Patrologia Graeca">Cursus Completus Patrologiae Graecae</a>, Volumes 35–38, Paris, 1857–1866.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100298">The Orthodox Church of America website</a> article on St. Gregory the Theologian, Retrieved 2 May 2007.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Radford_Ruether" title="Rosemary Radford Ruether">Rosemary Radford Ruether</a>, Gregory of Nazianzus, Oxford, 1969, Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Turner, H.E.W. and Francis Young, "Procession(s)" in The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology, ed. A. Richardson and J. Bowden, Philadelphia, 1983, Westminster Press, 1983.</li> <li>Gregory of Nazianzus, translated by Martha Vinson, Select Orations, Catholic University of America Press, 2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt32b306">Link</a>.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li>Michael Azkoul, "Saint Gregory the Theologian - Poetry and Faith", Patristic and Byzantine Review, 14.1-3 (1995), 59–68.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeeley2007" class="citation journal cs1">Beeley, Christopher A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4495113">"Divine Causality and the Monarchy of God the Father in Gregory of Nazianzus"</a>. The Harvard Theological Review. 100 (2): 199–214. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS001781600700154X">10.1017/S001781600700154X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4495113">4495113</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170113325">170113325</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Harvard+Theological+Review&rft.atitle=Divine+Causality+and+the+Monarchy+of+God+the+Father+in+Gregory+of+Nazianzus&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E199-%3C%2Fspan%3E214&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170113325%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4495113%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS001781600700154X&rft.aulast=Beeley&rft.aufirst=Christopher+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4495113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+of+Nazianzus" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Brian Daley, ed., Gregory Nazianzen, Early Church Fathers, London, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, an imprint of Taylor and Francis Books, 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-12181-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-12181-7">0-415-12181-7</a> p. 192.</li> <li>K. Demoen, "Biblical vs. Non-Biblical Vocabulary in Gregorius Nazianzenus; a Quantitative Approach", Informatique 2 (1988–1989), 243–253.</li> <li>Elena Ene D-Vasilescu, "Generation (γενεά) in Gregory Nazianzen's poem on the Son", Akropolis, vol. 1 (2017), pp. 169–184.</li> <li>J. Egan, "Gregory of Nazianzus and the Logos Doctrine", J. Plevnic, ed., Word and Spirit - Essays in Honor of David Michael Stanley, Willowdale, ON, 1975, pp. 281–322.</li> <li>Anna-Stina Ellverson, The Dual Nature of Man - A Study in the Theological Anthropology of Gregory of Nazianzus, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 1981 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-554-1206-8" title="Special:BookSources/91-554-1206-8">91-554-1206-8</a> {Amazon.com}.</li> <li>Gerald Fitzpatrick, "St Gregory Nazianzen - Education for Salvation", Patristic and Byzantine Review 10.1-2 (1991), 47–55.</li> <li>R.C. Gregg, Consolation Philosophy - Greek and Christian Paideia in Basil and the Two Gregories, Washington, D.C., Catholic University of America Press, 1975 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8132-1000-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8132-1000-3">0-8132-1000-3</a> {Amazon.com}.</li> <li>Edward R. Hardy, ed. Christology of the Later Fathers, J. Baillie et al., eds. Library of Christian Classics, Vol. 3, Philadelphia, Westminster, 1995, paperback <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-24152-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-24152-2">0-664-24152-2</a>.</li> <li>Carol Harrison and Brian Daley (Editor), Gregory Nazianzen, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-12181-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-12181-7">0-415-12181-7</a>.</li> <li>V. Harrison, "Some Aspects of Saint Gregory (Nazianzen) the Theologian's Soteriology", Greek Orthodox Theological Review, 34 (1989), 19–43/11-8.</li> <li>Susan R. Holman, "Healing the Social Leper in Gregory of Nyssa's and Gregory of Nazianzus's peri philoptochias", <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Theological_Review" title="Harvard Theological Review">Harvard Theological Review</a> 92.3 (1999), 283–309.</li> <li>M. Edmund Hussey, "The Theology of the Holy Spirit in the Writings of St. Gregory of Nazianzus", Diakonia, 14.3 (1979), 224–233.</li> <li>Anne Karahan, "The Impact of Cappadocian Theology on Byzantine Aesthetics - Gregory of Nazianzus on the Unity and Singularity of Christ", in: The Ecumenical Legacy of the Cappadocians, pp. 159–184, Ed. N. Dumitraşcu, New York, Palgrave Macmillan 2015 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-51394-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-51394-6">978-1-137-51394-6</a>.</li> <li>George A. Kennedy, Greek Rhetoric Under Christian Emperors, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1983 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-03565-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-03565-2">0-691-03565-2</a> pp. 215–239 {Amazon.com}.</li> <li>Vasiliki Limberis, ""Religion" as the Cipher for Identity - The Cases of Emperor Julian, Libanius, and Gregory Nazianzus", <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Theological_Review" title="Harvard Theological Review">Harvard Theological Review</a> 93.4 (2000), 373–400.</li> <li>N.B. McLynn, "The Other Olympias - Gregory of Nazianzen and the Family of Vitalianus", <a href="/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Antikes_Christentum" title="Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum">ZAC</a> 2 (1998), 227–246.</li> <li>Ruth Majercik, "A Reminiscence of the Chaldean Oracles at Gregory of Nazianzus Or 29,2", <a href="/wiki/Vigiliae_Christianae" title="Vigiliae Christianae">Vigiliae Christianae</a>, 52.3 (1998), 286–292.</li> <li>P.J. Maritz, "Logos Articulation in Gregory of Nazianzus", Acta Patristica et Byzantina, 6 (1995), 99–108.</li> <li>E.P. Meijuring, "The Doctrine of the Will and the Trinity in the Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus", Nederlands Theologisch Tijdschrift, 27.3 (1973), 224–234.</li> <li>Celica Milovanovic-Barham, "Gregory of Nazianzus: Ars Poetica (In suos versus: Carmen 2.1.39)," <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Early_Christian_Studies" title="Journal of Early Christian Studies">Journal of Early Christian Studies</a> 5.4 (1997), 497–510.</li> <li>H. Musurillo, "The Poetry of Gregory of Nazianzus", Thought 45 (1970): 45–55.</li> <li>T.A. Noble, "Gregory Nazianzen's Use of Scripture in Defence of the Deity of the Spirit", <a href="/wiki/Tyndale_Bulletin" title="Tyndale Bulletin">Tyndale Bulletin</a> 39 (1988), 101–123.</li> <li>F.W. Norris, "Of Thorns and Roses: The Logic of Belief in Gregory of Nazianzen", <a href="/wiki/Church_History_(journal)" title="Church History (journal)">Church History</a>, Vol. 53 (1984), 455–464.</li> <li>F.W. Norris, "The Tetragrammaton in Gregory Nazianzen (Or. 30.17)", Vigiliae Christianae 43 (1989), 339–344.</li> <li>F.W. Norris, Faith Gives Fullness to Reasoning - The Five Theological Orations of Gregory Nazianzen, Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae, Vol 13, Leiden: Brill, 1990 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-09253-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-09253-6">90-04-09253-6</a>, p. 314 {Amazon.com}.</li> <li>Jay Wesley Richards, "Can a Male Savior Save Women? - Gregory of Nazianzus on the Logos' Assumption of Human Nature", Christian Scholar's Review 28.1 (1998), 42–57.</li> <li>K. Skurat, "St. Gregory of Nazianzus on Philosophy and Knowledge of God", Journal of Moscow Patriarchate, 10 (October 1989), 57–62.</li> <li>B. K. Storin, Self-Portrait in Three Colors: Gregory of Nazianzus's Epistolary Autobiography, Christianity in Late Antiquity 6 (Oakland, University of California Press, 2019).</li> <li>B. K. Storin, trans. Gregory of Nazianzus's Letter Collection - The Complete Translation, Christianity in Late Antiquity 7 (Oakland, University of California Press, 2019).</li> <li>Frank Thielman, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706055918/http://98.131.162.170//tynbul/library/TynBull_1998_49_1_09_Thielman_ApcalypseCanon.pd">The Place of the Apocalypse in the Canon of St Gregory Nazianzen</a>", <a href="/wiki/Tyndale_Bulletin" title="Tyndale Bulletin">Tyndale Bulletin</a>, 49.1 (1998), 155–157.</li> <li>Steven Peter Tsichlis, "The Nature of Theology in the Theological Orations of St. Gregory Nazianzus", Diakonia 16.3 (1981), 238–246.</li> <li>Raymond Van Dam, "Self-Representation in the Will of Gregory of Nazianzus", <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Theological_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Theological Studies">Journal of Theological Studies</a> 46.1 (1995), 118–148.</li> <li>Kenneth Paul Wesche, "The Union of God and Man in Jesus Christ in the Thought of Gregory of Nazianzus", <a href="/wiki/St._Vladimir%27s_Theological_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Vladimir's Theological Quarterly">St. Vladimir's Theological Quarterly</a> 28.2 (1984), 83–98.</li> <li>Donald F. Winslow, "Gregory of Nazianzus and Love for the Poor", <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Theological_Review" title="Anglican Theological Review">Anglican Theological Review</a> 47 (1965), 348–359.</li> <li>Donald F. Winslow, The Dynamics of Salvation - A Study in Gregory of Nazianzus, Cambridge, MA: North American Patristic Society, 1979 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-915646-06-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-915646-06-4">0-915646-06-4</a>.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Evagrius_of_Constantinople" title="Evagrius of Constantinople">Evagrius</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ecumenical_patriarchs_of_Constantinople" title="List of ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople">Archbishop of Constantinople</a> Disputed by <a href="/wiki/Maximus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus I of Constantinople">Maximus I</a> 380 – 381 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nectarius_of_Constantinople" title="Nectarius of Constantinople">Nectarius</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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Patriarchs of Constantinople</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Bishops of <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> period, 38–330 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stachys_the_Apostle" title="Stachys the Apostle">Stachys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimus" title="Onesimus">Onesimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarpus_I_of_Byzantium" title="Polycarpus I of Byzantium">Polycarpus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch_of_Byzantium" title="Plutarch of Byzantium">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedecion_of_Byzantium" title="Sedecion of Byzantium">Sedecion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes_of_Byzantium" title="Diogenes of Byzantium">Diogenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleutherius_of_Byzantium" title="Eleutherius of Byzantium">Eleutherius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_of_Byzantium" title="Felix of Byzantium">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarpus_II_of_Byzantium" title="Polycarpus II of Byzantium">Polycarpus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenodorus_of_Byzantium" title="Athenodorus of Byzantium">Athenodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euzois_of_Byzantium" title="Euzois of Byzantium">Euzois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_of_Byzantium" title="Laurence of Byzantium">Laurence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alypius_of_Byzantium" title="Alypius of Byzantium">Alypius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertinax_of_Byzantium" title="Pertinax of Byzantium">Pertinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympianus_of_Byzantium" title="Olympianus of Byzantium">Olympianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_I_of_Byzantium" title="Marcus I of Byzantium">Marcus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphus_of_Byzantium" title="Philadelphus of Byzantium">Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyriacus_I_of_Byzantium" title="Cyriacus I of Byzantium">Cyriacus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castinus_of_Byzantium" title="Castinus of Byzantium">Castinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenius_I_of_Byzantium" title="Eugenius I of Byzantium">Eugenius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_of_Byzantium" title="Titus of Byzantium">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dometius_of_Byzantium" title="Dometius of Byzantium">Dometius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufinus_of_Byzantium" title="Rufinus of Byzantium">Rufinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_of_Byzantium" title="Probus of Byzantium">Probus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrophanes_of_Byzantium" title="Metrophanes of Byzantium">Metrophanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Constantinople" title="Alexander of Constantinople">Alexander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Archbishops of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> (Roman period, 330–451 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Constantinople" title="Alexander of Constantinople">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius_of_Nicomedia" title="Eusebius of Nicomedia">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Macedonius I of Constantinople">Macedonius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudoxius_of_Antioch" title="Eudoxius of Antioch">Eudoxius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evagrius_of_Constantinople" title="Evagrius of Constantinople">Evagrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demophilus_of_Constantinople" title="Demophilus of Constantinople">Demophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus I of Constantinople">Maximus I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectarius_of_Constantinople" title="Nectarius of Constantinople">Nectarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John I Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsacius_of_Tarsus" title="Arsacius of Tarsus">Arsacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atticus_of_Constantinople" title="Atticus of Constantinople">Atticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisinnius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sisinnius I of Constantinople">Sisinnius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorius" title="Nestorius">Nestorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximianus_of_Constantinople" title="Maximianus of Constantinople">Maximianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclus_of_Constantinople" title="Proclus of Constantinople">Proclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavian_of_Constantinople" title="Flavian of Constantinople">Flavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Constantinople" title="Anatolius of Constantinople">Anatolius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Patriarchs of Constantinople (<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> period, 451–1453 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Constantinople" title="Anatolius of Constantinople">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadius_of_Constantinople" title="Gennadius of Constantinople">Gennadius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acacius_of_Constantinople" title="Acacius of Constantinople">Acacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fravitta_of_Constantinople" title="Fravitta of Constantinople">Fravitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemius_of_Constantinople" title="Euphemius of Constantinople">Euphemius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Macedonius II of Constantinople">Macedonius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_I_of_Constantinople" title="Timothy I of Constantinople">Timothy I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Cappadocia" title="John of Cappadocia">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Constantinople" title="Epiphanius of Constantinople">Epiphanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus I of Constantinople">Anthimus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menas_of_Constantinople" title="Menas of Constantinople">Menas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutychius_of_Constantinople" title="Eutychius of Constantinople">Eutychius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scholasticus" title="John Scholasticus">John III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_IV_of_Constantinople" title="John IV of Constantinople">John IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyriacus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Cyriacus II of Constantinople">Cyriacus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_I_of_Constantinople" title="Thomas I of Constantinople">Thomas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sergius I of Constantinople">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Constantinople" title="Pyrrhus of Constantinople">Pyrrhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_II_of_Constantinople" title="Paul II of Constantinople">Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Constantinople" title="Peter of Constantinople">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Thomas II of Constantinople">Thomas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V_of_Constantinople" title="John V of Constantinople">John V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine I of Constantinople">Constantine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theodore I of Constantinople">Theodore I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Constantinople" title="George I of Constantinople">George I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_III_of_Constantinople" title="Paul III of Constantinople">Paul III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callinicus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus I of Constantinople">Callinicus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyros_of_Constantinople" title="Kyros of Constantinople">Cyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_of_Constantinople" title="John VI of Constantinople">John VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus I of Constantinople">Germanus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_of_Constantinople" title="Anastasius of Constantinople">Anastasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine II of Constantinople">Constantine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicetas_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nicetas I of Constantinople">Nicetas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Paul IV of Constantinople">Paul IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarasios_of_Constantinople" title="Tarasios of Constantinople">Tarasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nikephoros I of Constantinople">Nicephorus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodotus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theodotus I of Constantinople">Theodotus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_I_of_Constantinople" title="Antony I of Constantinople">Antony I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VII_of_Constantinople" title="John VII of Constantinople">John VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Methodios I of Constantinople">Methodius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatios_of_Constantinople" title="Ignatios of Constantinople">Ignatios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_I_of_Constantinople" title="Stephen I of Constantinople">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_II_of_Constantinople" title="Antony II of Constantinople">Antony II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mystikos" title="Nicholas Mystikos">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthymius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Euthymius I of Constantinople">Εuthymius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Constantinople" title="Stephen II of Constantinople">Stephen II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryphon_of_Constantinople" title="Tryphon of Constantinople">Tryphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylact_of_Constantinople" title="Theophylact of Constantinople">Theophylact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyeuctus_of_Constantinople" title="Polyeuctus of Constantinople">Polyeuctus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_I_of_Constantinople" title="Basil I of Constantinople">Βasil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_III_of_Constantinople" title="Antony III of Constantinople">Αntony III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nicholas II of Constantinople">Nicholas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisinnius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Sisinnius II of Constantinople">Sisinnius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Sergius II of Constantinople">Sergius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustathius_of_Constantinople" title="Eustathius of Constantinople">Eustathius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexius_of_Constantinople" title="Alexius of Constantinople">Alexius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Cerularius" title="Michael I Cerularius">Michael I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Leichoudes" title="Constantine Leichoudes">Constantine III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VIII_of_Constantinople" title="John VIII of Constantinople">John VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_I_of_Constantinople" title="Cosmas I of Constantinople">Cosmas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustratius_Garidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Eustratius Garidas">Eustratius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_III_of_Constantinople" title="Nicholas III of Constantinople">Nicholas III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_IX_of_Constantinople" title="John IX of Constantinople">John IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_of_Constantinople" title="Leo of Constantinople">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_II_of_Constantinople" title="Michael II of Constantinople">Michael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Cosmas II of Constantinople">Cosmas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Nicholas IV of Constantinople">Nicholas IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodotus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theodotus II of Constantinople">Theodotus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus I of Constantinople">Neophytus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine IV of Constantinople">Constantine IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Chrysoberges" class="mw-redirect" title="Luke Chrysoberges">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_III_of_Constantinople" title="Michael III of Constantinople">Michael III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_of_Constantinople" title="Chariton of Constantinople">Chariton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theodosius I of Constantinople">Theodosius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_II_of_Constantinople" title="Basil II of Constantinople">Basil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicetas_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nicetas II of Constantinople">Nicetas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontius_of_Constantinople" title="Leontius of Constantinople">Leontius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dositheus_of_Constantinople" title="Dositheus of Constantinople">Dositheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Constantinople" title="George II of Constantinople">George II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_X_of_Constantinople" title="John X of Constantinople">John X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Michael IV of Constantinople">Michael IV</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theodore II of Constantinople">Theodore II</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus II of Constantinople">Maximus II</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Constantinople" title="Manuel I of Constantinople">Μanuel I</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus II of Constantinople">Germanus II</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Methodius II of Constantinople">Methodius II</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_of_Constantinople" title="Manuel II of Constantinople">Manuel II</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenios_Autoreianos" title="Arsenios Autoreianos">Arsenius</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicephorus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nicephorus II of Constantinople">Nicephorus II</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus III of Constantinople">Germanus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joseph I of Constantinople">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_XI_of_Constantinople" title="John XI of Constantinople">John XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_II_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory II of Constantinople">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius I of Constantinople">Athanasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_XII_of_Constantinople" title="John XII of Constantinople">John XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephon_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nephon I of Constantinople">Nephon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_XIII_of_Constantinople" title="John XIII of Constantinople">John XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerasimus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Gerasimus I of Constantinople">Gerasimus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaias_of_Constantinople" title="Isaias of Constantinople">Isaias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_XIV_of_Constantinople" title="John XIV of Constantinople">John XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_I_of_Constantinople" title="Isidore I of Constantinople">Isidore I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callistus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Callistus I of Constantinople">Callistus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotheus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Philotheus I of Constantinople">Philotheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarius_of_Constantinople" title="Macarius of Constantinople">Macarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilus_of_Constantinople" title="Nilus of Constantinople">Nilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Antony IV of Constantinople">Antony IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callistus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Callistus II of Constantinople">Callistus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_I_of_Constantinople" title="Matthew I of Constantinople">Matthew I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthymius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Euthymius II of Constantinople">Euthymius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joseph II of Constantinople">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrophanes_II_of_Constantinople" title="Metrophanes II of Constantinople">Metrophanes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_III_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory III of Constantinople">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius II of Constantinople">Athanasius II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Patriarchs of Constantinople (<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> period, 1453–1923 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gennadius_Scholarius" title="Gennadius Scholarius">Gennadius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_II_of_Constantinople" title="Isidore II of Constantinople">Isidore II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joasaph_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joasaph I of Constantinople">Joasaph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophronius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sophronius I of Constantinople">Sophronius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_II_of_Constantinople" title="Mark II of Constantinople">Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symeon_I_of_Constantinople" title="Symeon I of Constantinople">Symeon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius I of Constantinople">Dionysius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_I_of_Constantinople" title="Raphael I of Constantinople">Raphael I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus III of Constantinople">Maximus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephon_II_of_Constantinople" title="Nephon II of Constantinople">Nephon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus IV of Constantinople">Maximus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim I of Constantinople">Joachim I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachomius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Pachomius I of Constantinople">Pachomius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoleptus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theoleptus I of Constantinople">Theoleptus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_I_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias I of Constantinople">Jeremias I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannicius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Joannicius I of Constantinople">Joannicius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius II of Constantinople">Dionysius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joasaph_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joasaph II of Constantinople">Joasaph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrophanes_III_of_Constantinople" title="Metrophanes III of Constantinople">Metrophanes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_II_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias II of Constantinople">Jeremias II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachomius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Pachomius II of Constantinople">Pachomius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoleptus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theoleptus II of Constantinople">Theoleptus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_II_of_Constantinople" title="Matthew II of Constantinople">Matthew II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_I_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel I of Constantinople">Gabriel I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_I_of_Constantinople" title="Theophanes I of Constantinople">Theophanes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_I_Pegas" class="mw-redirect" title="Meletius I Pegas">Meletius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus II of Constantinople">Neophytus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_II_of_Constantinople" title="Raphael II of Constantinople">Raphael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Lucaris" title="Cyril Lucaris">Cyril I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_II_of_Constantinople" title="Timothy II of Constantinople">Timothy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory IV of Constantinople">Gregory IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus II of Constantinople">Anthimus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_II_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril II of Constantinople">Cyril II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius III of Constantinople">Athanasius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus III of Constantinople">Neophytus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius I of Constantinople">Parthenius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius II of Constantinople">Parthenius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannicius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joannicius II of Constantinople">Joannicius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_III_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril III of Constantinople">Cyril III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paisius I of Constantinople">Paisius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius III of Constantinople">Parthenius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_II_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel II of Constantinople">Gabriel II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenius_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Parthenius IV of Constantinople">Parthenius IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius III of Constantinople">Dionysius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Constantinople" title="Clement of Constantinople">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Methodius III of Constantinople">Methodius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius IV of Constantinople">Dionysius IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerasimus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Gerasimus II of Constantinople">Gerasimus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius IV of Constantinople">Athanasius IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_of_Constantinople" title="James of Constantinople">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callinicus_II_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus II of Constantinople">Callinicus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus IV of Constantinople">Neophytus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_III_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel III of Constantinople">Gabriel III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus V of Constantinople">Neophytus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprianus_of_Constantinople" title="Cyprianus of Constantinople">Cyprianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_V_of_Constantinople" title="Athanasius V of Constantinople">Athanasius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril IV of Constantinople">Cyril IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_III_of_Constantinople" title="Cosmas III of Constantinople">Cosmas III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_III_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias III of Constantinople">Jeremias III</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Callinicus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus III of Constantinople">Callinicus III</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Paisius II of Constantinople">Paisius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraphim_I_of_Constantinople" title="Seraphim I of Constantinople">Seraphim I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus VI of Constantinople">Neophytus VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_V_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril V of Constantinople">Cyril V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callinicus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus IV of Constantinople">Callinicus IV (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraphim_II_of_Constantinople" title="Seraphim II of Constantinople">Seraphim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannicius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Joannicius III of Constantinople">Joannicius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_of_Constantinople" title="Samuel of Constantinople">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Meletius II of Constantinople">Meletius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Theodosius II of Constantinople">Theodosius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophronius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Sophronius II of Constantinople">Sophronius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Gabriel IV of Constantinople">Gabriel IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procopius_of_Constantinople" title="Procopius of Constantinople">Procopius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus VII of Constantinople">Neophytus VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerasimus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Gerasimus III of Constantinople">Gerasimus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_V_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory V of Constantinople">Gregory V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callinicus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Callinicus V of Constantinople">Callinicus V (IV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Jeremias IV of Constantinople">Jeremias IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril VI of Constantinople">Cyril VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Eugenius II of Constantinople">Eugenius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_III_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus III of Constantinople">Anthimus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysanthus_of_Constantinople" title="Chrysanthus of Constantinople">Chrysanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathangelus_of_Constantinople" title="Agathangelus of Constantinople">Agathangelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Constantius I of Constantinople">Constantius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Constantius II of Constantinople">Constantius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory VI of Constantinople">Gregory VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus IV of Constantinople">Anthimus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus V of Constantinople">Anthimus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus IV of Constantinople">Germanus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Meletius III of Constantinople">Meletius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus VI of Constantinople">Anthimus VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Cyril VII of Constantinople">Cyril VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_II_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim II of Constantinople">Joachim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophronius_III_of_Constantinople" title="Sophronius III of Constantinople">Sophronius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_III_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim III of Constantinople">Joachim III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_IV_of_Constantinople" title="Joachim IV of Constantinople">Joachim IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_V_of_Constantinople" title="Dionysius V of Constantinople">Dionysius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytus_VIII_of_Constantinople" title="Neophytus VIII of Constantinople">Neophytus VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimus_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Anthimus VII of Constantinople">Anthimus VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_V_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine V of Constantinople">Constantine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus V of Constantinople">Germanus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletius_Metaxakis" title="Meletius Metaxakis">Meletius IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Patriarchs of Constantinople (<a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> period, since 1923 AD)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_VII_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory VII of Constantinople">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VI_of_Constantinople" title="Constantine VI of Constantinople">Constantine VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_III_of_Constantinople" title="Basil III of Constantinople">Basil III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photius_II_of_Constantinople" title="Photius II of Constantinople">Photius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_I_of_Constantinople" title="Benjamin I of Constantinople">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_V_of_Constantinople" title="Maximus V of Constantinople">Maximus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenagoras_I_of_Constantinople" title="Athenagoras I of Constantinople">Athenagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Demetrios I of Constantinople">Demetrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew I of Constantinople">Bartholomew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li>† in exile at <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Nicaea" title="Empire of Nicaea">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="16" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&oldid=1275544295">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&oldid=1275544295</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_of_Nazianzus&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 13 February 2025, at 17:35 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="غريغوريوس النزينزي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غريغوريوس النزينزي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB" title="Գրիգոր Նազիանզացի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գրիգոր Նազիանզացի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriu_Naciancenu" title="Gregoriu Naciancenu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gregoriu Naciancenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qriqor_Nazianzin" title="Qriqor Nazianzin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qriqor Nazianzin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Грыгорый Багаслоў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грыгорый Багаслоў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Григорий Богослов – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Григорий Богослов" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_vo_Nazianz" title="Gregor vo Nazianz – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gregor vo Nazianz" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregori_de_Nazianz" title="Gregori de Nazianz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gregori de Nazianz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Nacianceno" title="Gregorio Nacianceno – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gregorio Nacianceno" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98eho%C5%99_z_Nazianzu" title="Řehoř z Nazianzu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Řehoř z Nazianzu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_fra_Nazianz" title="Gregor fra Nazianz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gregor fra Nazianz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_von_Nazianz" title="Gregor von Nazianz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gregor von Nazianz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B6%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BF_%CE%98%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Άγιος Γρηγόριος Ναζιανζηνός ο Θεολόγος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άγιος Γρηγόριος Ναζιανζηνός ο Θεολόγος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Nacianceno" title="Gregorio Nacianceno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gregorio Nacianceno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_de_Nazianco" title="Gregorio de Nazianco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gregorio de Nazianco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Nazianzokoa" title="Gregorio Nazianzokoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gregorio Nazianzokoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="گریگوری نازیانزنوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گریگوری نازیانزنوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_de_Nazianze" title="Grégoire de Nazianze – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grégoire de Nazianze" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoarius_fan_Nazianze" title="Gregoarius fan Nazianze – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gregoarius fan Nazianze" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomh_Gr%C3%A9ag%C3%B3ir_Nazianzus" title="Naomh Gréagóir Nazianzus – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Naomh Gréagóir Nazianzus" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Nacianceno" title="Gregorio Nacianceno – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gregorio Nacianceno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant_Gregory_Nazianzus-acho" title="Sant Gregory Nazianzus-acho – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Sant Gregory Nazianzus-acho" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%A7%80%EC%95%88%EC%A1%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%98_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="나지안조스의 그레고리오스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나지안조스의 그레고리오스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB" title="Գրիգոր Նազիանզացի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրիգոր Նազիանզացի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grgur_Nazijanski" title="Grgur Nazijanski – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grgur Nazijanski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorius_dari_Nazianzus" title="Gregorius dari Nazianzus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gregorius dari Nazianzus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Nazianzeno" title="Gregorio Nazianzeno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gregorio Nazianzeno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A1" title="גרגוריוס מנזיאנזוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרגוריוס מנזיאנזוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="გრიგოლ ღვთისმეტყველი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრიგოლ ღვთისმეტყველი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregori_wa_Nazianzo" title="Gregori wa Nazianzo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gregori wa Nazianzo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Григорий Богослов – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Григорий Богослов" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorius_Nazianzenus" title="Gregorius Nazianzenus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gregorius Nazianzenus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregors_no_Nazianzas" title="Gregors no Nazianzas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gregors no Nazianzas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazianzi_Szent_Gergely" title="Nazianzi Szent Gergely – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nazianzi Szent Gergely" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Григориј Богослов – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Григориј Богослов" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%C3%B4ri%C3%B4sy_avy_any_Nazianz%C3%B4sy" title="Gregôriôsy avy any Nazianzôsy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gregôriôsy avy any Nazianzôsy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="നസിയാൻസസിലെ ഗ്രിഗോറിയോസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നസിയാൻസസിലെ ഗ്രിഗോറിയോസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Girgor_Na%C5%BCjan%C5%BCenu" title="San Girgor Nażjanżenu – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="San Girgor Nażjanżenu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%89" title="جريجوريوس النازيانزى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جريجوريوس النازيانزى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorios_dari_Nazianzus" title="Gregorios dari Nazianzus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gregorios dari Nazianzus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorius_van_Nazianze" title="Gregorius van Nazianze – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gregorius van Nazianze" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BE%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9" title="ナジアンゾスのグレゴリオス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナジアンゾスのグレゴリオス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_av_Nazianz" title="Gregor av Nazianz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gregor av Nazianz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%C3%B2ri_lo_Teologian" title="Gregòri lo Teologian – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gregòri lo Teologian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grzegorz_z_Nazjanzu" title="Grzegorz z Nazjanzu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grzegorz z Nazjanzu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%C3%B3rio_de_Nazianzo" title="Gregório de Nazianzo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gregório de Nazianzo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigore_de_Nazianz" title="Grigore de Nazianz – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grigore de Nazianz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Григорий Богослов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Григорий Богослов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregoriu_de_Nazianzo" title="Gregoriu de Nazianzo – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gregoriu de Nazianzo" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigor_Teologu" title="Grigor Teologu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grigor Teologu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Nazi%C3%A1nsky" title="Gregor Naziánsky – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gregor Naziánsky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Nazian%C5%A1ki" title="Gregor Nazianški – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gregor Nazianški" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Григорије Богослов – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Григорије Богослов" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigorije_Nazijanski" title="Grigorije Nazijanski – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grigorije Nazijanski" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorios_Nazianzilainen" title="Gregorios Nazianzilainen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gregorios Nazianzilainen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorios_av_Nazianzos" title="Gregorios av Nazianzos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gregorios av Nazianzos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Nacianceno" title="Gregorio Nacianceno – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gregorio Nacianceno" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="நசியான் கிரகோரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நசியான் கிரகோரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nenizili_Gregorios" title="Nenizili Gregorios – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nenizili Gregorios" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Григорій Богослов – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Григорій Богослов" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%AAg%C3%B4ri%C3%B4_th%C3%A0nh_Nazianzus" title="Grêgôriô thành Nazianzus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Grêgôriô thành Nazianzus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_han_Nazianzus" title="Gregorio han Nazianzus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gregorio han Nazianzus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E9%BD%90%E5%AE%89" title="圣额我略·纳齐安 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣额我略·纳齐安" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E7%B4%8D%E9%BD%8A%E7%9B%8E" title="聖額我略納齊盎 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖額我略納齊盎" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%C2%B7%E7%B4%8D%E9%BD%8A%E5%AE%89" title="聖額我略·納齊安 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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