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--mud-palette-error-hover: rgba(244,67,54,0.058823529411764705); --mud-palette-dark: rgba(66,66,66,1); --mud-palette-dark-rgb: 66,66,66; --mud-palette-dark-text: rgba(255,255,255,1); --mud-palette-dark-darken: rgb(46,46,46); --mud-palette-dark-lighten: rgb(87,87,87); --mud-palette-dark-hover: rgba(66,66,66,0.058823529411764705); --mud-palette-text-primary: rgba(66,66,66,1); --mud-palette-text-secondary: rgba(0,0,0,0.5372549019607843); --mud-palette-text-disabled: rgba(0,0,0,0.3764705882352941); --mud-palette-action-default: rgba(0,0,0,0.5372549019607843); --mud-palette-action-default-hover: rgba(0,0,0,0.058823529411764705); --mud-palette-action-disabled: rgba(0,0,0,0.25882352941176473); --mud-palette-action-disabled-background: rgba(0,0,0,0.11764705882352941); --mud-palette-surface: rgba(255,255,255,1); --mud-palette-background: rgba(255,255,255,1); --mud-palette-background-gray: rgba(245,245,245,1); --mud-palette-drawer-background: rgba(255,255,255,1); --mud-palette-drawer-text: rgba(66,66,66,1); --mud-palette-drawer-icon: rgba(97,97,97,1); --mud-palette-appbar-background: rgba(89,74,226,1); --mud-palette-appbar-text: rgba(255,255,255,1); --mud-palette-lines-default: rgba(0,0,0,0.11764705882352941); --mud-palette-lines-inputs: rgba(189,189,189,1); --mud-palette-table-lines: rgba(224,224,224,1); --mud-palette-table-striped: rgba(0,0,0,0.0196078431372549); --mud-palette-table-hover: rgba(0,0,0,0.0392156862745098); --mud-palette-divider: rgba(224,224,224,1); --mud-palette-divider-light: rgba(0,0,0,0.8); --mud-palette-skeleton: rgba(0,0,0,0.10980392156862745); --mud-palette-gray-default: #9E9E9E; --mud-palette-gray-light: #BDBDBD; --mud-palette-gray-lighter: #E0E0E0; --mud-palette-gray-dark: #757575; --mud-palette-gray-darker: #616161; --mud-palette-overlay-dark: rgba(33,33,33,0.4980392156862745); --mud-palette-overlay-light: rgba(255,255,255,0.4980392156862745); --mud-ripple-color: var(--mud-palette-text-primary); --mud-ripple-opacity: 0.1; --mud-ripple-opacity-secondary: 0.2; --mud-elevation-0: none; --mud-elevation-1: 0px 2px 1px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 1px 1px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 1px 3px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-2: 0px 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 2px 2px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 1px 5px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-3: 0px 3px 3px -2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 3px 4px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 1px 8px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-4: 0px 2px 4px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 4px 5px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 1px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-5: 0px 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 5px 8px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 1px 14px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-6: 0px 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 6px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 1px 18px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-7: 0px 4px 5px -2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 7px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 2px 16px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-8: 0px 5px 5px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 3px 14px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-9: 0px 5px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 9px 12px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 3px 16px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-10: 0px 6px 6px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 10px 14px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 4px 18px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-11: 0px 6px 7px -4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 11px 15px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 4px 20px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-12: 0px 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 12px 17px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 5px 22px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-13: 0px 7px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 13px 19px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 5px 24px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-14: 0px 7px 9px -4px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 14px 21px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 5px 26px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-15: 0px 8px 9px -5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 15px 22px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 6px 28px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-16: 0px 8px 10px -5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 16px 24px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 6px 30px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-17: 0px 8px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 17px 26px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 6px 32px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-18: 0px 9px 11px -5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 18px 28px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 7px 34px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-19: 0px 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-20: 0px 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 20px 31px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 8px 38px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-21: 0px 10px 13px -6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 21px 33px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 8px 40px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-22: 0px 10px 14px -6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 22px 35px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 8px 42px 7px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-23: 0px 11px 14px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 23px 36px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 9px 44px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-24: 0px 11px 15px -7px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0px 24px 38px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.14),0px 9px 46px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.12); --mud-elevation-25: 0 5px 5px -3px rgba(0,0,0,.06), 0 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.042), 0 3px 14px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.036); --mud-default-borderradius: 4px; --mud-drawer-width-left: 240px; --mud-drawer-width-right: 240px; --mud-drawer-width-mini-left: 56px; --mud-drawer-width-mini-right: 56px; --mud-appbar-height: 64px; --mud-typography-default-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-default-size: .875rem; --mud-typography-default-weight: 400; --mud-typography-default-lineheight: 1.43; --mud-typography-default-letterspacing: .01071em; --mud-typography-default-text-transform: none; --mud-typography-h1-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-h1-size: 6rem; --mud-typography-h1-weight: 300; --mud-typography-h1-lineheight: 1.167; --mud-typography-h1-letterspacing: -.01562em; --mud-typography-h1-text-transform: none; --mud-typography-h2-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-h2-size: 3.75rem; --mud-typography-h2-weight: 300; --mud-typography-h2-lineheight: 1.2; --mud-typography-h2-letterspacing: -.00833em; --mud-typography-h2-text-transform: none; --mud-typography-h3-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-h3-size: 3rem; --mud-typography-h3-weight: 400; --mud-typography-h3-lineheight: 1.167; --mud-typography-h3-letterspacing: 0; --mud-typography-h3-text-transform: none; --mud-typography-h4-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-h4-size: 2.125rem; --mud-typography-h4-weight: 400; --mud-typography-h4-lineheight: 1.235; --mud-typography-h4-letterspacing: .00735em; --mud-typography-h4-text-transform: none; --mud-typography-h5-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-h5-size: 1.5rem; --mud-typography-h5-weight: 400; --mud-typography-h5-lineheight: 1.334; --mud-typography-h5-letterspacing: 0; --mud-typography-h5-text-transform: none; --mud-typography-h6-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-h6-size: 1.25rem; --mud-typography-h6-weight: 500; --mud-typography-h6-lineheight: 1.6; --mud-typography-h6-letterspacing: .0075em; --mud-typography-h6-text-transform: none; --mud-typography-subtitle1-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-subtitle1-size: 1rem; --mud-typography-subtitle1-weight: 400; --mud-typography-subtitle1-lineheight: 1.75; --mud-typography-subtitle1-letterspacing: .00938em; --mud-typography-subtitle1-text-transform: none; --mud-typography-subtitle2-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-subtitle2-size: .875rem; --mud-typography-subtitle2-weight: 500; --mud-typography-subtitle2-lineheight: 1.57; --mud-typography-subtitle2-letterspacing: .00714em; --mud-typography-subtitle2-text-transform: none; --mud-typography-body1-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-body1-size: 1rem; --mud-typography-body1-weight: 400; --mud-typography-body1-lineheight: 1.5; --mud-typography-body1-letterspacing: .00938em; --mud-typography-body1-text-transform: none; --mud-typography-body2-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-body2-size: .875rem; --mud-typography-body2-weight: 400; --mud-typography-body2-lineheight: 1.43; --mud-typography-body2-letterspacing: .01071em; --mud-typography-body2-text-transform: none; --mud-typography-button-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-button-size: .875rem; --mud-typography-button-weight: 500; --mud-typography-button-lineheight: 1.75; --mud-typography-button-letterspacing: .02857em; --mud-typography-button-text-transform: uppercase; --mud-typography-caption-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-caption-size: .75rem; --mud-typography-caption-weight: 400; --mud-typography-caption-lineheight: 1.66; --mud-typography-caption-letterspacing: .03333em; --mud-typography-caption-text-transform: none; --mud-typography-overline-family: 'Roboto','Helvetica','Arial','sans-serif'; --mud-typography-overline-size: .75rem; --mud-typography-overline-weight: 400; --mud-typography-overline-lineheight: 2.66; --mud-typography-overline-letterspacing: .08333em; --mud-typography-overline-text-transform: none; --mud-zindex-drawer: 1100; --mud-zindex-appbar: 1300; --mud-zindex-dialog: 1400; --mud-zindex-popover: 1200; --mud-zindex-snackbar: 1500; --mud-zindex-tooltip: 1600; --mud-native-html-color-scheme: light; } </style> <div class="mud-popover-provider"><div id="popovercontent-366cc847-c801-4f3e-9b6d-63d4275a2664" data-ticks="0" class="mud-popover mud-popover-top-left mud-popover-anchor-bottom-left mud-popover-overflow-flip-onopen mud-paper mud-elevation-8" style="transition-duration:251ms;transition-delay:0ms;"></div></div> <div id="mud-snackbar-container" class="mud-snackbar-location-bottom-left"></div> <div class="mud-layout mud-drawer-close-responsive-md-left mud-drawer-left-clipped-never" style=""><header class="mud-appbar mud-appbar-fixed-top mud-elevation-25 noprint"><div role="toolbar" class="mud-toolbar mud-toolbar-gutters mud-toolbar-appbar"><button type="button" class="mud-button-root mud-icon-button mud-inherit-text hover:mud-inherit-hover mud-ripple mud-ripple-icon mud-icon-button-edge-start" __internal_stopPropagation_onclick><span class="mud-icon-button-label"><svg class="mud-icon-root mud-svg-icon mud-icon-size-medium" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" role="img"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"/></svg></span></button> <img src="/images/ESCRS_IOL_logo.png" alt="ESCRS IOL Calculator" class="application_logo"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="flex-grow-1"></div> <div role="group" class="mud-button-group-root mud-button-group-override-styles mud-button-group-filled mud-button-group-filled-default mud-button-group-filled-size-medium mud-button-group-horizontal mud-theme-info"><button type="button" class="mud-button-root mud-button mud-button-text mud-button-text-default mud-button-text-size-medium mud-ripple d-none d-sm-flex mud-theme-info" __internal_stopPropagation_onclick><span class="mud-button-label">Decimal (0.00)</span></button> <div class="mud-menu"><button type="button" class="mud-button-root mud-icon-button mud-ripple mud-ripple-icon mud-menu-icon-button-activator" __internal_stopPropagation_onclick><span class="mud-icon-button-label"><svg class="mud-icon-root mud-svg-icon mud-icon-size-medium" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" role="img"><g><rect fill="none" height="24" width="24"/></g><g><path d="M20.5,10L21,8h-4l1-4h-2l-1,4h-4l1-4h-2L9,8H5l-0.5,2h4l-1,4h-4L3,16h4l-1,4h2l1-4h4l-1,4h2l1-4h4l0.5-2h-4l1-4H20.5z M13.5,14h-4l1-4h4L13.5,14z"/></g></svg></span></button><div id="popover-366cc847-c801-4f3e-9b6d-63d4275a2664" class="mud-popover-cascading-value"></div> </div></div> <button aria-pressed="false" Title="Switch to Dark Mode" ToggledTitle="Switch to Light Mode" type="button" class="mud-button-root mud-icon-button mud-inherit-text hover:mud-inherit-hover mud-ripple mud-ripple-icon" __internal_stopPropagation_onclick><span class="mud-icon-button-label"><svg class="mud-icon-root mud-svg-icon mud-icon-size-medium" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" role="img"><rect fill="none" height="24" width="24"/><path d="M12,3c-4.97,0-9,4.03-9,9s4.03,9,9,9s9-4.03,9-9c0-0.46-0.04-0.92-0.1-1.36c-0.98,1.37-2.58,2.26-4.4,2.26 c-2.98,0-5.4-2.42-5.4-5.4c0-1.81,0.89-3.42,2.26-4.4C12.92,3.04,12.46,3,12,3L12,3z"/></svg></span></button></div></header> <aside class="mud-drawer mud-drawer-fixed mud-drawer-pos-left mud-drawer--closed mud-drawer--initial mud-drawer-md mud-drawer-clipped-never mud-elevation-2 mud-drawer-responsive" style=""><div class="mud-drawer-content"><div class="mud-drawer-header"><h6 class="mud-typography mud-typography-h6">IOL Calculator</h6></div> <nav class="mud-navmenu mud-navmenu-default mud-navmenu-margin-none"><div class="mud-nav-item"><a href="/" rel="" tabindex="0" class="mud-nav-link mud-ripple"><svg class="mud-icon-root mud-icon-default mud-svg-icon mud-icon-size-medium mud-nav-link-icon mud-nav-link-icon-default" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" role="img"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/><path d="M10 20v-6h4v6h5v-8h3L12 3 2 12h3v8z"/></svg><div class="mud-nav-link-text">Home</div></a></div> <div class="mud-nav-item"><a href="/about" rel="" tabindex="0" class="mud-nav-link mud-ripple"><svg class="mud-icon-root mud-icon-default mud-svg-icon mud-icon-size-medium mud-nav-link-icon mud-nav-link-icon-default" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" role="img"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"/><path d="M11 7h2v2h-2zm0 4h2v6h-2zm1-9C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.48 10 10 10 10-4.48 10-10S17.52 2 12 2zm0 18c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8z"/></svg><div class="mud-nav-link-text">About</div></a></div> <div 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d="M11 7h2v2h-2zm0 4h2v6h-2zm1-9C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.48 10 10 10 10-4.48 10-10S17.52 2 12 2zm0 18c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8z"/></svg><div class="mud-nav-link-text">Contact Us</div></a></div></nav></div></aside> <div class="mud-main-content"><div class="mud-container mud-container-maxwidth-lg mud-container--gutters my-5 pt-5"> <h4 class="mud-typography mud-typography-h4 py-5">How does the ESCRS multi-formula calculator work?</h4> <p class="mud-typography mud-typography-body1 pb-2">We use a technology called web scraping. With the authorization of the formula authors, we are able to input the biometric data from our form into multiple websites at the same time, returning the same result you would get from doing the calculation in the original website.</p> <h4 class="mud-typography mud-typography-h4 py-5">What about the IOL constants?</h4> <p class="mud-typography mud-typography-body1 pb-2">The ESCRS IOL calculator suggests lens constants for a wide range of IOL models. If a formula suggests a specific constant for an IOL, this value is taken from the formula site. Otherwise, the suggested constants from the IOLCon website are used (optimized if available, if not those suggested by the manufacturer/ULIB). In any case there is a (i) information button to the right of the constant that shows where the constant was derived from and what other options are available. Furthermore, all values can be edited manually by the user.</p> <h4 class="mud-typography mud-typography-h4 py-5">What is IOLCon? What is ULIB?</h4> <p class="mud-typography mud-typography-body1 pb-2">IOLCon is an encyclopedic open online database for IOL design specifications and constants, developed by Prof. Achim Langenbucher in 2017. It is updated periodically with new IOLs and optimized constants. The ESCRS IOL Calculator uses IOLCon as a reference for its IOL database, sourcing the optimized and/or manufacturer/ULIB constants for use when a suggested constant for a specific IOL is none is available by the formula’s author. </p> <p class="mud-typography mud-typography-body1 pb-2">ULIB is the “original'' constant database, developed by the late Prof. Wolfgang Haigis, which contains a biometer-specific optimized constant for a multitude of IOLs contributed by surgeons from all over the world. You may access these databases by visiting the websites: IOL Con at <a href="https://iolcon.org/" target="_blank">https://iolcon.org</a> and ULIB at <a href="https://ocusoft.de/ulib" target="_blank">https://ocusoft.de/ulib</a>.</p> <h4 class="mud-typography mud-typography-h4 py-5">Why are not all results shown for all IOL power calculation formulae?</h4> <p class="mud-typography mud-typography-body1 pb-2">Each formula has different accepted ranges for biometric parameters and IOL designs, so it is possible that the eye you are calculating is out of bounds for a specific formula. If you feel this may be an error, please send us a bug report using the contact information below.</p> <h4 class="mud-typography mud-typography-h4 py-5">Can I use this calculator for patients that previously had corneal refractive surgery (e.g. excimer laser or radial keratotomy)?</h4> <p class="mud-typography mud-typography-body1 pb-2">Currently the calculator should only be used in eyes that did NOT have previous corneal refractive surgery. This feature is under development.</p> <h4 class="mud-typography mud-typography-h4 py-5">What about toric IOLs?</h4> <p class="mud-typography mud-typography-body1 pb-2">Activate the 'Toric' switch and enter the additional parmaeters needed.</p> <h4 class="mud-typography mud-typography-h4 py-5">I think I’ve found a bug or an error! What should I do?</h4> <p class="mud-typography mud-typography-body1 pb-2">Please report it to us by e-mail to <a href="mailto:escrs@escrs.org">escrs@escrs.org</a> with as much detail as possible (and ideally with a screenshot). Feel free to also contribute with feature suggestions you may have for future versions of our ESCRS IOL Calculator.</p></div></div></div> <script src="Scripts/scriptLoader.js"></script> <script> ScrollElementIntoView = element => element.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth' }); function printInvoke() { window.print(); } function checkConsent() { return localStorage.getItem('hasConsented') === 'true'; } function giveConsent() { localStorage.setItem('hasConsented', 'true'); } function copyToClipboard(text) { navigator.clipboard.writeText(text) .then(() => { // Success: Show a toast or alert showSnackBar('Copied successfully','success'); }) .catch((err) => { // Error: Show a toast or alert showSnackBar('Error copying to clipboard: ${err.message}','error'); }); } // Display a toast message function showSnackBar(message, level) { const snackbar = document.createElement("div"); snackbar.id = "snackbar"; // Apply the CSS styles from the #snackbar selector snackbar.textContent = message; document.body.appendChild(snackbar); snackbar.classList.add(level); // Add the "show" class to trigger the CSS animation snackbar.classList.add("show"); // Add the "show" class to trigger the CSS animation // Automatically hide the snackbar after 3 seconds setTimeout(() => { snackbar.remove(); }, 3000); } </script> <script> window.openPdf = function (base64Pdf) { const newWindow = window.open('', '_blank'); if (newWindow) { const iframe = newWindow.document.createElement('iframe'); iframe.style.position = 'fixed'; iframe.style.top = '0'; iframe.style.left = '0'; iframe.style.width = '100%'; iframe.style.height = '100%'; iframe.style.border = 'none'; iframe.src = base64Pdf; newWindow.document.body.appendChild(iframe); } else { alert('Please allow popups for this website'); } }; window.getDivContent = function (divId) { var div = document.getElementById(divId); if (div) { return div.innerHTML; } else { return null; } }; </script> <div id="blazor-error-ui"> An error has occurred. 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