CINXE.COM

Helmut Kohl - Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="it" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Helmut Kohl - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )itwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","gennaio","febbraio","marzo","aprile","maggio","giugno","luglio","agosto","settembre","ottobre","novembre","dicembre"],"wgRequestId":"f2a45a5d-4cbe-4649-87ec-992415ac0cde","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Helmut_Kohl","wgTitle":"Helmut Kohl","wgCurRevisionId":141882893,"wgRevisionId":141882893,"wgArticleId":208746,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["BioBot","P856 letta da Wikidata","P3365 letta da Wikidata","P6404 letta da Wikidata","P1417 letta da Wikidata","P3762 letta da Wikidata","P648 letta da Wikidata","P3847 letta da Wikidata","P8286 letta da Wikidata","P345 letta da Wikidata","P2639 letta da Wikidata","Voci con codice VIAF","Voci con codice ISNI","Voci con codice SBN (nomi)","Voci con codice LCCN","Voci con codice GND","Voci con codice BNE","Voci con codice BNF","Voci con codice J9U", "Voci con codice NSK","Voci con codice NDL","Voci con codice CONOR.SI","Voci biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità","Pagine che utilizzano collegamenti magici ISBN","Politici tedeschi del XX secolo","Storici tedeschi","Storici del XX secolo","Nati nel 1930","Morti nel 2017","Nati il 3 aprile","Morti il 16 giugno","Nati a Ludwigshafen am Rhein","Morti a Ludwigshafen am Rhein","Helmut Kohl","Cancellieri della Germania","Presidenti del Consiglio europeo","Leader dell'opposizione (Germania)","Ministri presidenti della Renania-Palatinato","Presidenti federali dell'Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania","Cavalieri di gran croce OMRI","Cavalieri dell'Ordine dell'Aquila Bianca","Decorati con la Medaglia presidenziale della libertà","Anticomunisti tedeschi","Studenti dell'Università Ruprecht Karl di Heidelberg","Personalità commemorate con funerali di Stato"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"it","wgPageContentLanguage":"it","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Helmut_Kohl","wgRelevantArticleId":208746,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"it","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"it"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2518","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.coloriDarkMode-default":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.MainPageWikiList", "ext.gadget.stru-commonsupload","ext.gadget.HiddenCat","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.TitoloErrato","ext.gadget.NewSection","ext.gadget.RichiediRevisioneBozza","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=it&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=it&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=it&amp;modules=ext.gadget.coloriDarkMode-default&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=it&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Helmut_Kohl_%281996%29.png/1200px-Helmut_Kohl_%281996%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1626"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Helmut_Kohl_%281996%29.png/800px-Helmut_Kohl_%281996%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1084"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Helmut_Kohl_%281996%29.png/640px-Helmut_Kohl_%281996%29.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="867"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Helmut Kohl - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifica" href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (it)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//it.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Feed Atom di Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UltimeModifiche&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Helmut_Kohl rootpage-Helmut_Kohl skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vai al contenuto</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principale" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principale</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigazione </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Visita la pagina principale [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principale</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:UltimeModifiche" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche del sito [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ultime modifiche</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PaginaCasuale" title="Mostra una pagina a caso [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una voce a caso</span></a></li><li id="n-nearby-pages-title" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:NelleVicinanze"><span>Nelle vicinanze</span></a></li><li id="n-vetrina" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vetrina"><span>Vetrina</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Aiuto" title="Pagine di aiuto"><span>Aiuto</span></a></li><li id="n-Sportello-informazioni" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Sportello_informazioni"><span>Sportello informazioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunità" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunità" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunità </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portale:Comunit%C3%A0" title="Descrizione del progetto, cosa puoi fare, dove trovare le cose"><span>Portale Comunità</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bar"><span>Bar</span></a></li><li id="n-wikipediano" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipediano"><span>Il Wikipediano</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contatti"><span>Contatti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principale" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="L&#039;enciclopedia libera" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-it.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:Ricerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca in Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ricerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca in Wikipedia" aria-label="Cerca in Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca in Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciale:Ricerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ricerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Strumenti personali"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&amp;returnto=Helmut+Kohl" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l&#039;accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&amp;returnto=Helmut+Kohl" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l&#039;accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti personali" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti personali</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utente" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=it"><span>Fai una donazione</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&amp;returnto=Helmut+Kohl" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l&#039;accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&amp;returnto=Helmut+Kohl" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l&#039;accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Biografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Note_familiari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note_familiari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Note familiari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note_familiari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Studi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Studi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carriera_politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carriera_politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Carriera politica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Carriera_politica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Carriera politica</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Carriera_politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ministro-presidente_della_Renania-Palatinato" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ministro-presidente_della_Renania-Palatinato"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ministro-presidente della Renania-Palatinato</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ministro-presidente_della_Renania-Palatinato-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancelliere_della_Germania_Ovest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancelliere_della_Germania_Ovest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Cancelliere della Germania Ovest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancelliere_della_Germania_Ovest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ascesa_al_potere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ascesa_al_potere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Ascesa al potere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ascesa_al_potere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondo_governo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondo_governo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Secondo governo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondo_governo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politiche_nazionali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politiche_nazionali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Politiche nazionali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politiche_nazionali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terzo_governo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terzo_governo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Terzo governo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terzo_governo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancelliere_della_Germania_riunificata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancelliere_della_Germania_riunificata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Cancelliere della Germania riunificata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancelliere_della_Germania_riunificata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_Riunificazione_tedesca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Riunificazione_tedesca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>La Riunificazione tedesca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Riunificazione_tedesca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_scandalo_dei_fondi_al_partito" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_scandalo_dei_fondi_al_partito"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lo scandalo dei fondi al partito</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_scandalo_dei_fondi_al_partito-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personalità_e_ritratti_multimediali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personalità_e_ritratti_multimediali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personalità e ritratti multimediali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personalità_e_ritratti_multimediali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vita_privata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vita_privata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vita privata</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vita_privata-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Vita privata</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vita_privata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Famiglia_di_Helmut_Kohl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famiglia_di_Helmut_Kohl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Famiglia di Helmut Kohl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famiglia_di_Helmut_Kohl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondo_e_controverso_matrimonio_(2008-2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondo_e_controverso_matrimonio_(2008-2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Secondo e controverso matrimonio (2008-2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondo_e_controverso_matrimonio_(2008-2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gli_ultimi_anni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gli_ultimi_anni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gli ultimi anni</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gli_ultimi_anni-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Gli ultimi anni</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gli_ultimi_anni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Morte_e_funerale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morte_e_funerale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Morte e funerale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morte_e_funerale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pubblicazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pubblicazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pubblicazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pubblicazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onorificenze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onorificenze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Onorificenze</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Onorificenze-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Onorificenze</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Onorificenze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Onorificenze_tedesche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onorificenze_tedesche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Onorificenze tedesche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onorificenze_tedesche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onorificenze_straniere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onorificenze_straniere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Onorificenze straniere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onorificenze_straniere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Helmut Kohl</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 109 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - inglese antico" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglese antico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84" title="هلموت كول - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هلموت كول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84" title="هلموت كول - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هلموت كول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kol" title="Helmut Kol - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Helmut Kol" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A6%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87%D9%84" title="هئلموت کوهل - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هئلموت کوهل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гельмут Коль - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гельмут Коль" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - bavarese" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гельмут Коль - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гельмут Коль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Хелмут Кол - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хелмут Кол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2" title="হেলমুট কোল - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হেলমুট কোল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84" title="ھێلموت کول - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێلموت کول" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - basso sorabo" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="basso sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BB" title="Χέλμουτ Κολ - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χέλμουτ Κολ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87%D9%84" title="هلموت کوهل - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هلموت کوهل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9C" title="הלמוט קוהל - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הלמוט קוהל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="हेल्मुट कोल - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हेल्मुट कोल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - alto sorabo" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl_(politikus)" title="Helmut Kohl (politikus) - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Helmut Kohl (politikus)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%AC" title="Հելմուտ Կոլ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հելմուտ Կոլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ヘルムート・コール - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘルムート・コール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჰელმუტ კოლი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰელმუტ კოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гельмут Коль - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гельмут Коль" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%AC%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%BD%9C" title="헬무트 콜 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헬무트 콜" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - coloniese" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="coloniese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гельмут Коль - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гельмут Коль" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helimutus_Kohl" title="Helimutus Kohl - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Helimutus Kohl" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helm%C5%ABts_Kols" title="Helmūts Kols - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Helmūts Kols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Хелмут Кол - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хелмут Кол" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE" title="ഹെൽമുട് കോൾ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹെൽമുട് കോൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Хельмут Коль - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хельмут Коль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="हेल्मुट कोल - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हेल्मुट कोल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="ဟဲလမွတ်ခိုးလ် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟဲလမွတ်ခိုးလ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87%D9%84" title="هلموت کوهل - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هلموت کوهل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="हेल्मुट कोल - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हेल्मुट कोल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85%D9%B9_%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%81%D9%84" title="ہیلمٹ کوہل - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہیلمٹ کوہل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87%D9%84" title="هلموت کوهل - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هلموت کوهل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82" title="Коль, Гельмут - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коль, Гельмут" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="හෙල්මුට් කෝල් - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හෙල්මුට් කෝල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Хелмут Кол - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хелмут Кол" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எல்முட் கோல் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எல்முட் கோல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%97_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5" title="เฮ็ลมูท โคล - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฮ็ลมูท โคล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kol" title="Helmut Kol - taliscio" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Helmut Kol" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="taliscio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Һелмут Коль - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һелмут Коль" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Гельмут Коль - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гельмут Коль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84" title="ہلموت کول - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہلموت کول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E7%A9%86%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94" title="赫尔穆特·科尔 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="赫尔穆特·科尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჰელმუტ კოლი - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰელმუტ კოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%94%D7%9C" title="העלמוט קאהל - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="העלמוט קאהל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Helmut Kohl" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E7%A9%86%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94" title="赫尔穆特·科尔 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赫尔穆特·科尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%9C%AB%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E7%88%BE" title="希末·高爾 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="希末·高爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2518#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Helmut_Kohl" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Helmut_Kohl" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Helmut_Kohl" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;oldid=141882893" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&amp;page=Helmut_Kohl&amp;id=141882893&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHelmut_Kohl"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHelmut_Kohl"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Helmut+Kohl"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" hreflang="it"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2518" title="Collegamento all&#039;elemento connesso dell&#039;archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l&#039;enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando l'omonimo <a href="/wiki/Arbitro_di_calcio" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitro di calcio">arbitro di calcio</a> austriaco, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl_(arbitro)" title="Helmut Kohl (arbitro)">Helmut Kohl (arbitro)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#EAEAF7;color: black;">Helmut Kohl</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Helmut_Kohl_(1996).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Helmut_Kohl_%281996%29.png/221px-Helmut_Kohl_%281996%29.png" decoding="async" width="221" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Helmut_Kohl_%281996%29.png/332px-Helmut_Kohl_%281996%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Helmut_Kohl_%281996%29.png/443px-Helmut_Kohl_%281996%29.png 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="6776" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Helmut Kohl nel 1996</td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#EAEAF7;">6º <a href="/wiki/Cancelliere_federale_della_Germania" title="Cancelliere federale della Germania">Cancelliere federale della Germania</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th>Durata&#160;mandato</th><td>1º ottobre 1982&#160;&#8211;<br />27 ottobre 1998 </td></tr><tr><th>Presidente</th><td><a href="/wiki/Karl_Carstens" title="Karl Carstens">Karl Carstens</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Richard von Weizsäcker">Richard von Weizsäcker</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Roman_Herzog" title="Roman Herzog">Roman Herzog</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Vice&#160;capo del&#160;governo</th><td><a href="/wiki/Hans-Dietrich_Genscher" title="Hans-Dietrich Genscher">Hans-Dietrich Genscher</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCrgen_Mollemann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jürgen Mollemann (la pagina non esiste)">Jürgen Mollemann</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Kinkel" title="Klaus Kinkel">Klaus Kinkel</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Predecessore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#EAEAF7;"><a href="/wiki/Presidente_del_Consiglio_europeo" title="Presidente del Consiglio europeo">Presidente del Consiglio europeo</a></th></tr><tr><th>Durata&#160;mandato</th><td>1º gennaio 1983&#160;&#8211;<br />30 giugno 1983 </td></tr><tr><th>Predecessore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Poul_Schl%C3%BCter" title="Poul Schlüter">Poul Schlüter</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr><th>Durata&#160;mandato</th><td>1º gennaio 1988&#160;&#8211;<br />30 giugno 1988 </td></tr><tr><th>Predecessore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Poul_Schl%C3%BCter" title="Poul Schlüter">Poul Schlüter</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr><th>Durata&#160;mandato</th><td>1º luglio 1994&#160;&#8211;<br />31 dicembre 1994 </td></tr><tr><th>Predecessore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#EAEAF7;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_dell%27opposizione_(Germania)" title="Leader dell&#39;opposizione (Germania)">Leader dell'opposizione</a></th></tr><tr><th>Durata&#160;mandato</th><td>13 settembre 1976&#160;&#8211;<br />1º ottobre 1982 </td></tr><tr><th>Capo del governo</th><td><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Predecessore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Karl_Carstens" title="Karl Carstens">Karl Carstens</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Wehner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Wehner (la pagina non esiste)">Herbert Wehner</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#EAEAF7;">Presidente del gruppo <a href="/wiki/Unione_CDU/CSU" title="Unione CDU/CSU">CDU/CSU</a> nel <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></th></tr><tr><th>Durata&#160;mandato</th><td>13 dicembre 1976&#160;&#8211;<br />4 ottobre 1982 </td></tr><tr><th>Predecessore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Karl_Carstens" title="Karl Carstens">Karl Carstens</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Dregger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Dregger (la pagina non esiste)">Alfred Dregger</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#EAEAF7;"><a href="/wiki/Presidente_dell%27Unione_Cristiano-Democratica_di_Germania" title="Presidente dell&#39;Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania">Presidente dell'Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania</a></th></tr><tr><th>Durata&#160;mandato</th><td>12 giugno 1973&#160;&#8211;<br />7 novembre 1998 </td></tr><tr><th>Predecessore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Barzel" title="Rainer Barzel">Rainer Barzel</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#EAEAF7;"><a href="/wiki/Ministri_presidenti_della_Renania-Palatinato" title="Ministri presidenti della Renania-Palatinato">Ministro presidente della Renania-Palatinato</a></th></tr><tr><th>Durata&#160;mandato</th><td>19 maggio 1969&#160;&#8211;<br />2 dicembre 1976 </td></tr><tr><th>Vice</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Meyer_(politico)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Meyer (politico) (la pagina non esiste)">Otto Meyer</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Predecessore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Altmeier" title="Peter Altmeier">Peter Altmeier</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Vogel" title="Bernhard Vogel">Bernhard Vogel</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#EAEAF7;"><a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Membro del Bundestag</a><br />per la <a href="/wiki/Renania-Palatinato" title="Renania-Palatinato">Renania-Palatinato</a></th></tr><tr><th>Durata&#160;mandato</th><td>14 dicembre 1976&#160;&#8211;<br />20 dicembre 1990 </td></tr><tr><th>Predecessore</th><td><i>distretto plurinominale</i> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><i>distretto plurinominale</i> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr><th>Durata&#160;mandato</th><td>20 dicembre 1990&#160;&#8211;<br />26 ottobre 1998 </td></tr><tr><th>Predecessore</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manfred_Reimann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Manfred Reimann (la pagina non esiste)">Manfred Reimann</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Barnet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Doris Barnet (la pagina non esiste)">Doris Barnet</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr><th>Durata&#160;mandato</th><td>26 ottobre 1998&#160;&#8211;<br />17 ottobre 2002 </td></tr><tr><th>Predecessore</th><td><i>distretto plurinominale</i> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><i>distretto plurinominale</i> </td></tr><tr><th>Legislatura</th><td><a href="/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Germania_del_1976" title="Elezioni federali in Germania del 1976">8ª</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Germania_del_1980" title="Elezioni federali in Germania del 1980">9ª</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Germania_del_1983" title="Elezioni federali in Germania del 1983">10ª</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Germania_del_1987" title="Elezioni federali in Germania del 1987">11ª</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Germania_del_1990" title="Elezioni federali in Germania del 1990">12ª</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Germania_del_1994" title="Elezioni federali in Germania del 1994">13ª</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Germania_del_1998" title="Elezioni federali in Germania del 1998">14ª</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Circoscrizione_elettorale" title="Circoscrizione elettorale">Circoscrizione</a></th><td><b>12ª</b>, <b>13ª</b>: Ludwigshafen/Frankenthal </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#EAEAF7;color: black;">Dati generali</th></tr><tr><th>Partito&#160;politico</th><td><a href="/wiki/CDU_(Germania)" class="mw-redirect" title="CDU (Germania)">CDU</a> <small>(1946-2017)</small> </td></tr><tr><th>Titolo&#160;di&#160;studio</th><td>Laurea in scienze politiche e storia,<br />Dottorato in storia dei partiti politici </td></tr><tr><th>Università</th><td><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Università di Heidelberg">Università di Heidelberg</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Professione</th><td>Storico </td></tr><tr><th>Firma</th><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helmut_Kohl_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Firma di Helmut Kohl"><img alt="Firma di Helmut Kohl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Helmut_Kohl_Signature.svg/130px-Helmut_Kohl_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Helmut_Kohl_Signature.svg/195px-Helmut_Kohl_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Helmut_Kohl_Signature.svg/260px-Helmut_Kohl_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Helmut Josef Michael Kohl</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein">Ludwigshafen am Rhein</a>, <a href="/wiki/3_aprile" title="3 aprile">3 aprile</a> <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> – <a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein">Ludwigshafen am Rhein</a>, <a href="/wiki/16_giugno" title="16 giugno">16 giugno</a> <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) è stato un <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">politico</a> e <a href="/wiki/Storia" title="Storia">storico</a> <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">tedesco</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cancelliere_federale_della_Germania" title="Cancelliere federale della Germania">Cancelliere federale della Germania</a> dal 1º ottobre <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a> al 27 ottobre <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>. Fino al 3 ottobre <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>, data dell'<a href="/wiki/Riunificazione_della_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Riunificazione della Germania">unificazione delle due Germanie</a>, fu cancelliere della sola <a href="/wiki/Germania_Ovest" title="Germania Ovest">Germania occidentale</a>, poi della Germania unita. È stato anche leader del partito dell'<a href="/wiki/Unione_Cristiano-Democratica_di_Germania" title="Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania">Unione Cristiano-Democratica</a> (CDU) dal <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a> al <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>. Dai presidenti degli Stati Uniti <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> e <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, venne descritto come "il più grande leader europeo della seconda metà del <a href="/wiki/XX_secolo" title="XX secolo">XX secolo</a>". Nel <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> Helmut Kohl fu uno dei più giovani politici della CDU e presidente del suo partito, nel <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a> per la prima volta ebbe un ruolo nell'opposizione. </p><p>Con 16 anni di permanenza in carica, Helmut Kohl fu il più longevo Cancelliere della storia dopo <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> e il suo periodo di cancellierato di gran lunga il più lungo di qualsiasi altro cancelliere democraticamente eletto. Kohl ha supervisionato la fine della <a href="/wiki/Guerra_fredda" title="Guerra fredda">guerra fredda</a> ed è ampiamente considerato come il principale artefice della <a href="/wiki/Riunificazione_tedesca" title="Riunificazione tedesca">Riunificazione tedesca</a>. Insieme con il presidente francese <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a>, Kohl è anche considerato l'architetto del <a href="/wiki/Trattato_di_Maastricht" title="Trattato di Maastricht">Trattato di Maastricht</a>, trattato che ha istituito l'Unione Europea (UE).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ha progettato con decisione il processo di riunificazione con la Germania Est. Controverso rimase lo scandalo delle donazioni al partito, dopo la divulgazione delle quali perse la presidenza onoraria nel <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>, anno in cui Kohl ricevette numerosi premi nazionali e internazionali. Dalla fine della sua carriera politica Kohl è divenuto un lobbista, ricoprendo diverse posizioni nel mondo degli affari, tra le quali, quelle per il <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a> e per KirchMedia.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Fu inoltre fondatore di una società di strategia politica. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Note_familiari">Note familiari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Note familiari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note familiari"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nacque a <a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a> nello stato federato della <a href="/wiki/Renania-Palatinato" title="Renania-Palatinato">Renania-Palatinato</a>, da una famiglia conservatrice e cattolica, il padre, Hans Kohl (1887–1975), era un ufficiale della finanza e la madre, Cäcilie Schnur (1891–1979), un'insegnante.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Aveva una sorella, Hildegard (1922–2003), e un fratello, Walter (1926-1944).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Allo scoppio della <a href="/wiki/Seconda_guerra_mondiale" title="Seconda guerra mondiale">seconda guerra mondiale</a>, come tutti i giovani dell'epoca, seguì un addestramento, ma non combatté mai: la guerra finì infatti prima che egli partisse per il fronte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studi">Studi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Studi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Studi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kohl frequentò la Rupprechtschule e proseguì gli studi al Max-Planck-Gymnasium. Nel semestre estivo del 1950 ha iniziato a studiare legge e storia all'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Goethe_di_Francoforte" title="Università Goethe di Francoforte">Università Johann Wolfgang Goethe di Francoforte sul Meno</a>. Per il semestre invernale 1951/52 si è trasferito all'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Ruprecht_Karl_di_Heidelberg" title="Università Ruprecht Karl di Heidelberg">Università Ruprecht Karl di Heidelberg</a>, dove ha studiato <a href="/wiki/Storia" title="Storia">storia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Scienze_politiche" title="Scienze politiche">scienze politiche</a>. Durante i suoi studi, è stato membro dell'organizzazione studentesca <a href="/wiki/AIESEC" title="AIESEC">AIESEC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dal 1956 al 1958 Kohl è ricercatore associato presso l'Istituto dell'Università Alfred Weber.<sup id="cite_ref-adenauerstiftung_80geb_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adenauerstiftung_80geb-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nel 1958 ha redatto una <a href="/wiki/Tesi" title="Tesi">tesi</a> di dottorato di Walther Peter Fuchs. phil. PhD. Divenne poi vicedirettore presso una fonderia di ferro nella sua città natale e fu relatore presso l'Associazione dell'industria chimica tedesca dal 1959 al 1969. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carriera_politica">Carriera politica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Carriera politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Carriera politica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandro_Pertini_e_Helmut_Kohl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sandro_Pertini_e_Helmut_Kohl.jpg/220px-Sandro_Pertini_e_Helmut_Kohl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Sandro_Pertini_e_Helmut_Kohl.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Helmut Kohl con <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Pertini" title="Sandro Pertini">Sandro Pertini</a> (1979)</figcaption></figure> <p>La sua passione per la politica si manifestò molto presto: nel 1947 lavorava nell'<a href="/wiki/Unione_Cristiano-Democratica_di_Germania" title="Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania">Unione Cristiano Democratica</a> giovanile (CDU) della sua città.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Studiò all'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Francoforte" class="mw-redirect" title="Università di Francoforte">Università di Francoforte</a> <a href="/wiki/Scienze_politiche" title="Scienze politiche">scienze politiche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storia" title="Storia">storia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Legge" title="Legge">legge</a>, conseguendo il dottorato in storia ad <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nel 1960 venne eletto nel parlamento locale della <a href="/wiki/Renania-Palatinato" title="Renania-Palatinato">Renania Palatinato</a>, dove ottenne cariche di crescente prestigio, fino a quando, nel 1969, venne eletto <i><a href="/wiki/Ministerpr%C3%A4sident" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministerpräsident">Ministerpräsident</a></i>, grazie alla reputazione di capace amministratore, guadagnata piuttosto velocemente. </p><p>Fu <i>Ministerpräsident</i> fino al <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> quando divenne il candidato della CDU al cancellierato nelle elezioni federali del 1976, vinte dalla SPD. Divenne quindi <i>leader</i> dell'opposizione cristiano-democratica contro il governo allora retto dal cancelliere <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a> (<a href="/wiki/SPD" class="mw-redirect" title="SPD">SPD</a>). Anche la sua ascesa nelle gerarchie del partito dei cristiano-democratico fu fulminea: nel 1953 divenne dirigente regionale e nel 1954 vicepresidente.<sup id="cite_ref-kohl1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kohl1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A seguito della sconfitta elettorale del partito nel 1972, Helmut Kohl prese il posto dell'allora presidente, Reiner Barzel, divenendo il nuovo presidente della CDU, carica che mantenne fino al 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-kohl1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kohl1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il 1º ottobre <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a> il <a href="/wiki/Partito_Liberale_Democratico_(Germania)" title="Partito Liberale Democratico (Germania)">Partito Liberale Democratico</a> si ritirò dalla coalizione con il <a href="/wiki/Partito_Socialdemocratico_di_Germania" title="Partito Socialdemocratico di Germania">Partito Socialdemocratico tedesco</a>, votando una mozione di sfiducia costruttiva che deponeva Schmidt per insediare come cancelliere Helmut Kohl. Nei primi giorni del suo governo, Kohl dovette affrontare la dura opposizione della sinistra tedesca: i suoi avversari si riferivano spesso a lui con lo sprezzante soprannome di <i>Birne</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Inizialmente Kohl diede appunto un'impressione di debolezza e goffaggine, ma non passò molto tempo prima che quest'impressione venisse superata grazie alla sua abilità politica. </p><p>La politica messa in atto da Kohl fu sostanzialmente centrista e comprese tagli modesti al governo e un forte sostegno agli impegni <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> sostenuti dalla Germania occidentale. Accettazione del dispiegamento dei missili NATO sul territorio tedesco, in cambio della firma di un fondamentale trattato Usa-Urss che prevedeva il ritiro degli euromissili appartenenti alle due nazioni. Il successo di questa politica venne ulteriormente confermato dalla vittoria nelle elezioni del 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ministro-presidente_della_Renania-Palatinato">Ministro-presidente della Renania-Palatinato</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Ministro-presidente della Renania-Palatinato" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Ministro-presidente della Renania-Palatinato"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F028915-0016,_Ludwigshafen,_CDU-Kongress,_Kiesinger,_Kohl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F028915-0016%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Kongress%2C_Kiesinger%2C_Kohl.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F028915-0016%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Kongress%2C_Kiesinger%2C_Kohl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F028915-0016%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Kongress%2C_Kiesinger%2C_Kohl.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F028915-0016%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Kongress%2C_Kiesinger%2C_Kohl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F028915-0016%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Kongress%2C_Kiesinger%2C_Kohl.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F028915-0016%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Kongress%2C_Kiesinger%2C_Kohl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Helmut Kohl con il cancelliere <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Georg_Kiesinger" title="Kurt Georg Kiesinger">Kurt Georg Kiesinger</a> l'11 aprile 1969</figcaption></figure> <p>Venne rieletto deputato il 23 aprile 1967, mantenendo la presidenza. Due anni dopo, il 19 maggio 1969, venne nominato <a href="/wiki/Ministro_presidente" title="Ministro presidente">Ministro presidente</a> della <a href="/wiki/Renania-Palatinato" title="Renania-Palatinato">Renania-Palatinato</a> a soli 39 anni, sostituendo Altmeier, in questa carica dal luglio 1947. Da tale posizione, trasformò in soli sette anni La Renania-Palatina in una regione dinamica. Prese poi la direzione di una coalizione nero-gialla con il <a href="/wiki/Partito_Liberale_Democratico_(Germania)" title="Partito Liberale Democratico (Germania)">Partito Liberale Democratico</a> (FDP). </p><p>Al Congresso federale della CDU del 17 novembre <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a> a <a href="/wiki/Magonza" title="Magonza">Magonza</a>, venne eletto vicepresidente federale con 392 voti su 476, rappresentando una maggioranza pari all'82,4%. Nelle elezioni regionali del 21 marzo <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>, divenne <i>leader</i> della CDU, conquistando il 49,9% dei voti e una maggioranza assoluta dei seggi con 53 deputati su 100. Fu la migliore <i>performance</i> del partito nel <i>Land</i> da venticinque anni a quella parte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancelliere_della_Germania_Ovest">Cancelliere della Germania Ovest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Cancelliere della Germania Ovest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Cancelliere della Germania Ovest"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ascesa_al_potere">Ascesa al potere</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Ascesa al potere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Ascesa al potere"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064809-0010,_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf,_Kohl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064809-0010%2C_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064809-0010%2C_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064809-0010%2C_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064809-0010%2C_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064809-0010%2C_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064809-0010%2C_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>Kohl in un evento di campagna per le <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Germania_del_1983" title="Elezioni federali in Germania del 1983">elezioni federali tedesche occidentali del 1983</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Il 1º ottobre 1982 la CDU propose un voto di <a href="/wiki/Sfiducia_costruttiva" title="Sfiducia costruttiva">sfiducia costruttiva</a> sostenuto anche dalla FDP. Tre giorni dopo, il <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> ha votato un <a href="/wiki/Governo_Kohl_I" title="Governo Kohl I">nuovo governo di coalizione CDU / CSU-FDP</a>, con Kohl cancelliere. Anche se l'elezione di Kohl venne realizzata secondo la <a href="/wiki/Legge_fondamentale_della_Repubblica_Federale_di_Germania" title="Legge fondamentale della Repubblica Federale di Germania">Legge fondamentale della Repubblica Federale di Germania</a>, questa ha suscitato qualche controversia. La FDP aveva progettato la sua campagna elettorale del 1980 facendo proprie alcune soluzioni tipiche della SPD, posizionando il Cancelliere Schmidt su alcuni dei loro manifesti di campagna. </p><p>Vi erano anche dei dubbi sul fatto che il nuovo governo potesse ottenere il sostegno della maggioranza della popolazione. In risposta, il nuovo governo puntava alle nuove elezioni al più presto possibile. I sondaggi suggerivano che una maggioranza chiara fosse effettivamente raggiungibile. Poiché la legge fondamentale della Repubblica federale di Germania consente solo la dissoluzione del parlamento dopo un voto di fiducia venuto meno, Kohl dovette fare un'altra mossa controversa: chiese il voto di fiducia solo un mese dopo aver giurato, perdendo intenzionalmente, in quanto i membri della sua coalizione si erano astenuti. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KAS-Kohl,_Helmut-Bild-13833-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/KAS-Kohl%2C_Helmut-Bild-13833-3.jpg/150px-KAS-Kohl%2C_Helmut-Bild-13833-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/KAS-Kohl%2C_Helmut-Bild-13833-3.jpg/225px-KAS-Kohl%2C_Helmut-Bild-13833-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/KAS-Kohl%2C_Helmut-Bild-13833-3.jpg/300px-KAS-Kohl%2C_Helmut-Bild-13833-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="1105" /></a><figcaption>Poster elettorale per <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_europee_del_1984" title="Elezioni europee del 1984">elezioni del Parlamento europeo del 1984</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Il presidente <a href="/wiki/Karl_Carstens" title="Karl Carstens">Karl Carstens</a> ha poi sciolto il <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> alla richiesta di Kohl e ha proclamato nuove elezioni. La mossa fu controversa, poiché i partiti di coalizione negarono i loro voti allo stesso uomo che avevano eletto cancelliere un mese prima e che volevano rieleggere dopo le elezioni parlamentari. Tuttavia, questa contraddizione venne condannata dalla <a href="/wiki/Corte_Costituzionale_Federale_tedesca" class="mw-redirect" title="Corte Costituzionale Federale tedesca">Corte Costituzionale Federale tedesca</a>, ma nuovamente applicata dal Cancelliere SPD, <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> nel 2005. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Secondo_governo">Secondo governo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Secondo governo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Secondo governo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nelle <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Germania_del_1983" title="Elezioni federali in Germania del 1983">elezioni federali del marzo 1983</a> Kohl ottenne un'eccezionale vittoria elettorale. La CDU / CSU vinse con il 48,8%, mentre la FDP ottenne solo il 7,0%. Alcuni membri dell'opposizione del Bundestag hanno chiesto alla Corte Costituzionale federale di dichiarare l'intero procedimento anticostituzionale. La loro richiesta venne negata, ma, in futuro, impose restrizioni a simili movimenti. Il <a href="/wiki/Governo_Kohl_II" title="Governo Kohl II">secondo governo Kohl</a> fece approvare diversi piani profondamente controversi, tra cui lo stazionamento dei <a href="/wiki/MRBM" class="mw-redirect" title="MRBM">missili a medio raggio</a> della <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, contro la grande opposizione del movimento pacifista. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F065094-0002,_K%C3%B6ln,_CDU-Bundestagswahlkampf,_Kohl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F065094-0002%2C_K%C3%B6ln%2C_CDU-Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F065094-0002%2C_K%C3%B6ln%2C_CDU-Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F065094-0002%2C_K%C3%B6ln%2C_CDU-Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F065094-0002%2C_K%C3%B6ln%2C_CDU-Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F065094-0002%2C_K%C3%B6ln%2C_CDU-Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F065094-0002%2C_K%C3%B6ln%2C_CDU-Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>Kohl e sua moglie Hannelore a <a href="/wiki/Colonia_(Germania)" title="Colonia (Germania)">Colonia</a> nel 1983</figcaption></figure> <p>Il 22 settembre <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a> Kohl incontrò il presidente francese <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> a <a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a>, luogo dove avvenne una famosa <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Verdun" title="Battaglia di Verdun">battaglia</a>, tra Francia e Germania, che si era svolta durante la <a href="/wiki/Prima_guerra_mondiale" title="Prima guerra mondiale">prima guerra mondiale</a>. Insieme hanno commemorato le morti di entrambe le guerre mondiali. La fotografia, che raffigurava la lunga stretta di mano, divenne un simbolo importante della riconciliazione franco-tedesca. Kohl e Mitterrand hanno sviluppato una stretta relazione politica, costituendo un motore importante per l'integrazione europea. Insieme, hanno posto le basi per progetti europei, come l'<a href="/wiki/Eurocorps" title="Eurocorps">Eurocorps</a> e l'Arte. Questa cooperazione franco-tedesca è stata vitale anche per importanti progetti europei, sia per il <a href="/wiki/Trattato_di_Maastricht" title="Trattato di Maastricht">Trattato di Maastricht</a> che per l'<a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a>. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a> Kohl e il presidente Usa <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, nell'ambito di un piano per osservare il 40º anniversario della <a href="/wiki/Giornata_della_vittoria_(Paesi_dell%27Europa_occidentale)" title="Giornata della vittoria (Paesi dell&#39;Europa occidentale)">V-E Day</a>, hanno colto un'occasione per dimostrare la forza dell'amicizia esistente tra la Germania e il suo ex nemico. Durante una visita nel novembre 1984 alla <a href="/wiki/Casa_Bianca" title="Casa Bianca">Casa Bianca</a>, Kohl ha chiesto a Reagan di unirsi a lui, in un cimitero militare tedesco, per simboleggiare la riconciliazione dei loro due paesi. Reagan ha visitato la Germania nell'ambito dell'undicesimo vertice dei G7 a <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, la coppia ha visitato sia il <a href="/wiki/Campo_di_concentramento_di_Bergen-Belsen" title="Campo di concentramento di Bergen-Belsen">campo di concentramento di Bergen-Belsen</a> il 5 maggio 1985 che il controverso cimitero militare tedesco di <a href="/wiki/Bitburg" title="Bitburg">Bitburg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Politiche_nazionali">Politiche nazionali</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Politiche nazionali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Politiche nazionali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F073617-0004,_Mainz,_CDU-Bundesparteitag,_Kohl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F073617-0004%2C_Mainz%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Kohl.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F073617-0004%2C_Mainz%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Kohl.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F073617-0004%2C_Mainz%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Kohl.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F073617-0004%2C_Mainz%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Kohl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F073617-0004%2C_Mainz%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Kohl.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F073617-0004%2C_Mainz%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Kohl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Helmut Kohl nel 1986</figcaption></figure> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Cancelleria_federale_(Germania)" title="Cancelleria federale (Germania)">cancelleria</a> di Kohl ha realizzato una serie di misure innovative. In Germania sono state introdotte estensioni in caso di disoccupazione per i richiedenti più anziani, mentre il beneficio per i giovani disoccupati è stato esteso fino all'età di 21 anni. Nel 1986 è stata introdotta un'indennità per l'istruzione dei figli per i genitori quando ne è stato impiegato almeno uno. Al personale informale sono stati offerti un'indennità di accompagnamento insieme agli incentivi fiscali, entrambi stabiliti con le riforme fiscali del 1990, anche garantite fino a 25 ore al mese di supporto professionale, integrato da quattro settimane di sollievo annuale per le vacanze. </p><p>Nel 1984 è stato introdotto un regime di pensionamento anticipato che ha offerto incentivi ai datori di lavoro per sostituire i lavoratori anziani con i candidati al di fuori del registro dei disoccupati. Nel 1989 è stato introdotto un piano di pensionamento parziale in base al quale i lavoratori anziani possono lavorare a metà tempo e ricevere il 70% del loro precedente salario "e essere accreditati con il 90% del pieno diritto di assicurazione sociale". Nel 1984 è stato istituito un Fondo Madre e Bambino, che prevedeva sovvenzioni discrezionali "per prevenire aborti a causa di difficoltà materiali" e nel 1986 è stato introdotto un pacchetto di assistenza per l'infanzia di 10 miliardi di dollari<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, anche se secondo diversi studi quest'ultima iniziativa è stata fortemente controbilanciata dai tagli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Terzo_governo">Terzo governo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Terzo governo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Terzo governo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F075760-0020,_Br%C3%BCssel,_Sitzung_des_Europarates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F075760-0020%2C_Br%C3%BCssel%2C_Sitzung_des_Europarates.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F075760-0020%2C_Br%C3%BCssel%2C_Sitzung_des_Europarates.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F075760-0020%2C_Br%C3%BCssel%2C_Sitzung_des_Europarates.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F075760-0020%2C_Br%C3%BCssel%2C_Sitzung_des_Europarates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F075760-0020%2C_Br%C3%BCssel%2C_Sitzung_des_Europarates.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F075760-0020%2C_Br%C3%BCssel%2C_Sitzung_des_Europarates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Il Cancelliere Kohl al <a href="/wiki/Consiglio_europeo" title="Consiglio europeo">Consiglio europeo</a> nel 1987, incontro con il vice cancelliere e ministro degli esteri <a href="/wiki/Hans-Dietrich_Genscher" title="Hans-Dietrich Genscher">Hans-Dietrich Genscher</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Dopo le <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Germania_del_1987" title="Elezioni federali in Germania del 1987">elezioni federali del 1987</a> il candidato della SPD per la cancelleria fu il Ministro-presidente della <a href="/wiki/Renania_Settentrionale-Vestfalia" title="Renania Settentrionale-Vestfalia">Renania Settentrionale-Vestfalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Rau" title="Johannes Rau">Johannes Rau</a>. Nel 1987 Kohl ospitò il <i>leader</i> tedesco dell'Est, <a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a>, il primo Capo di Stato tedesco orientale in Germania Ovest.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Questo è generalmente visto come un segno di perseguimento da parte di Kohl dell&#39;<i><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></i>, una politica di <a href="/wiki/Distensione_(politica)" title="Distensione (politica)">distensione</a> tra Oriente e Occidente, iniziata dai governi guidati dalla SPD, e fortemente opposta dalla CDU di Kohl, negli anni '70. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancelliere_della_Germania_riunificata">Cancelliere della Germania riunificata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Cancelliere della Germania riunificata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Cancelliere della Germania riunificata"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0916-021,_Dresden,_CDU-Wahlveranstaltung,_Helmut_Kohl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0916-021%2C_Dresden%2C_CDU-Wahlveranstaltung%2C_Helmut_Kohl.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0916-021%2C_Dresden%2C_CDU-Wahlveranstaltung%2C_Helmut_Kohl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0916-021%2C_Dresden%2C_CDU-Wahlveranstaltung%2C_Helmut_Kohl.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0916-021%2C_Dresden%2C_CDU-Wahlveranstaltung%2C_Helmut_Kohl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0916-021%2C_Dresden%2C_CDU-Wahlveranstaltung%2C_Helmut_Kohl.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0916-021%2C_Dresden%2C_CDU-Wahlveranstaltung%2C_Helmut_Kohl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Helmut Kohl nel 1990</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:18th_G7_summit_member_19920706.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/18th_G7_summit_member_19920706.jpg/220px-18th_G7_summit_member_19920706.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/18th_G7_summit_member_19920706.jpg/330px-18th_G7_summit_member_19920706.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/18th_G7_summit_member_19920706.jpg/440px-18th_G7_summit_member_19920706.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Kohl padrone di casa al Summit del G7 a <a href="/wiki/Monaco_di_Baviera" title="Monaco di Baviera">Monaco di Baviera</a> nel 1992</figcaption></figure> <p>La riunificazione ha posto Kohl in una posizione momentaneamente inattaccabile. Nelle elezioni del 1990, le prime elezioni libere tedesche, giuste e democratiche dall'epoca della <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_di_Weimar" title="Repubblica di Weimar">Repubblica di Weimar</a>, Kohl vinse sul candidato dell'opposizione e ministro presidente della Saarland, <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Lafontaine" title="Oskar Lafontaine">Oskar Lafontaine</a>. Ha quindi formato il suo quarto governo. </p><p>Dopo le <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Germania_del_1994" title="Elezioni federali in Germania del 1994">elezioni federali del 1994</a> venne nuovamente eletto con una maggioranza ridotta, sconfiggendo il ministro-presidente della Renania-Palatinato Rudolf Scharping. La SPD fu in grado di conquistare la maggioranza nel <a href="/wiki/Bundesrat_(Germania)" title="Bundesrat (Germania)">Bundesrat</a>, limitando significativamente il potere di Kohl. Nella politica estera, ha avuto più successo, ad esempio, nell'ottenere <a href="/wiki/Francoforte_sul_Meno" title="Francoforte sul Meno">Francoforte sul Meno</a> come sede per la <a href="/wiki/Banca_centrale_europea" title="Banca centrale europea">Banca centrale europea</a>. Nel 1997 ha ricevuto il Premio Vision for Europe, per i suoi sforzi nell'unificazione dell'Europa. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:27_ClintonKohl_Bachhaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/27_ClintonKohl_Bachhaus.jpg/220px-27_ClintonKohl_Bachhaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/27_ClintonKohl_Bachhaus.jpg/330px-27_ClintonKohl_Bachhaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/27_ClintonKohl_Bachhaus.jpg/440px-27_ClintonKohl_Bachhaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>Il Cancelliere Kohl e il Presidente degli Stati Uniti <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> nella <a href="/wiki/Casa_di_Bach" title="Casa di Bach">Casa di Bach</a>, il 14 maggio 1998</figcaption></figure> <p>Alla fine degli anni Novanta, la popolarità di Kohl era scesa a causa della crescente disoccupazione. Fu sconfitto con un ampio margine nelle elezioni federali del 1998 dal ministro-presidente della <a href="/wiki/Bassa_Sassonia" title="Bassa Sassonia">Bassa Sassonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a>. Il più recente cancelliere <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> ha iniziato la sua carriera politica come protetta di Kohl e venne conosciuta negli anni Novanta come "la ragazza di Kohl". Nel gennaio 1991 ha portato la Merkel alla guida nazionale nominandola nel governo federale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_Riunificazione_tedesca">La Riunificazione tedesca</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifica la sezione La Riunificazione tedesca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: La Riunificazione tedesca"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KohlModrowMomperBrandenburgerTor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/KohlModrowMomperBrandenburgerTor.jpg/220px-KohlModrowMomperBrandenburgerTor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/KohlModrowMomperBrandenburgerTor.jpg/330px-KohlModrowMomperBrandenburgerTor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/KohlModrowMomperBrandenburgerTor.jpg/440px-KohlModrowMomperBrandenburgerTor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="1860" /></a><figcaption>Kohl parla all'apertura ufficiale della <a href="/wiki/Porta_di_Brandeburgo" title="Porta di Brandeburgo">Porta di Brandeburgo</a> il 22 dicembre 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>Il principale successo politico di Kohl - riconosciutogli da estimatori e avversari - fu il modo sicuro e deciso con il quale ha guidato il processo di riunificazione della Germania, iniziato con la caduta del <a href="/wiki/Muro_di_Berlino" title="Muro di Berlino">Muro di Berlino</a>. Dopo che l'<a href="/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica">Unione Sovietica</a> aveva abbandonato il suo pressante controllo sulla <a href="/wiki/Germania_Est" class="mw-redirect" title="Germania Est">Germania Est</a>, Kohl, approfittando della debolezza dell'URSS ormai destinata al collasso, sollecitò, con sempre maggior forza, le procedure per l'unione delle due Germanie. Nel maggio del 1990 si concluse la trattativa con la Germania Est, che prevedeva la parificazione economica e monetaria tra le due nazioni e l'unificazione dei sistemi di governo. Ufficialmente la Germania Est scomparve il 3 ottobre 1990. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helmut_Kohl_in_Krzyzowa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Helmut_Kohl_in_Krzyzowa.jpg/220px-Helmut_Kohl_in_Krzyzowa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Helmut_Kohl_in_Krzyzowa.jpg/330px-Helmut_Kohl_in_Krzyzowa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Helmut_Kohl_in_Krzyzowa.jpg/440px-Helmut_Kohl_in_Krzyzowa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>Kohl in <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Come prima tappa della riunificazione, Kohl seguendo i principi della <i><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></i>, si recò, nel 1987, in visita di stato dal <i>leader</i> della <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Democratica_Tedesca" title="Repubblica Democratica Tedesca">Repubblica Democratica Tedesca</a> <a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> primo incontro ufficiale tra i capi di Stato delle due Germanie dalla fine della <a href="/wiki/Seconda_guerra_mondiale" title="Seconda guerra mondiale">seconda guerra mondiale</a>. È da ricordare che un incontro con Honecker l'aveva avuto anche Helmut Schmidt l'11 dicembre 1981, pochi mesi prima della caduta del suo governo. </p><p>Nel momento in cui venne rovesciato il <a href="/wiki/Comunismo" title="Comunismo">comunismo</a> nella Germania Est, Kohl persuase il governo <a href="/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica">sovietico</a> ad accettare l'idea di una Germania riunificata sotto l'alleanza della <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. Contemporaneamente, convinse il francese <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> a non opporsi, prospettandogli il ruolo di traino della nuova Germania verso il progetto di una maggiore integrazione europea<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Sull'onda della gioia per la riunificazione, Kohl stravinse le prime elezioni della Germania riunificata nel 1990 riuscendo, dopo quattro anni, a vincere sul filo del rasoio anche le elezioni del 1994; ma i grandi problemi economici del dopo riunificazione, la disoccupazione galoppante e la mancanza di riforme necessarie per il paese decretarono la sua sconfitta nelle elezioni del 1998, con la schiacciante vittoria del SPD del suo <i>leader</i> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a>. Dopo questa sconfitta Kohl abbandonò la carica di cancelliere il 27 ottobre 1998. </p><p>Kohl rimane comunque il secondo più duraturo Cancelliere della Germania dopo <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a>, che governò per 19 anni, avendo governato la Germania dal 1º ottobre 1982 al 27 ottobre 1998. Dopo aver lasciato il cancellierato Kohl conservò la presidenza onoraria della CDU. Però gli scandali legati alle varie accuse per aver gestito dei fondi neri del partito lo costringeranno ad abbandonare, nel 2000, anche la presidenza onoraria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lo_scandalo_dei_fondi_al_partito">Lo scandalo dei fondi al partito</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Lo scandalo dei fondi al partito" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Lo scandalo dei fondi al partito"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_with_Helmut_Kohl-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vladimir_Putin_with_Helmut_Kohl-1.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Helmut_Kohl-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vladimir_Putin_with_Helmut_Kohl-1.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Helmut_Kohl-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vladimir_Putin_with_Helmut_Kohl-1.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Helmut_Kohl-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Kohl con <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> nel 2000</figcaption></figure> <p>A dispetto dei suoi successi, l'eredità politica di Kohl è stata gravemente danneggiata da uno scandalo riguardante il finanziamento del suo partito, scandalo iniziato nel <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>, quando venne scoperto che la CDU riceveva, sotto la sua <i>leadership</i>, fondi illegali. Le indagini del Parlamento tedesco sulla provenienza dei fondi illegali della CDU, la maggior parte dei quali depositati in conti bancari a <a href="/wiki/Ginevra" title="Ginevra">Ginevra</a>, rivelarono due fonti: vendite di carri armati all'<a href="/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita">Arabia Saudita</a> e una maxi-tangente da 40 milioni di euro pagata dall'allora governo <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">francese</a> di <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> per l'acquisto di una compagnia petrolifera della <a href="/wiki/Germania_Est" class="mw-redirect" title="Germania Est">Germania Est</a> da parte dell'azienda parastatale <a href="/wiki/ELF_Aquitaine" class="mw-redirect" title="ELF Aquitaine">ELF Aquitaine</a>, di cui 15 milioni sarebbero stati versati direttamente alla CDU come aiuto per la campagna elettorale di Kohl del <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>. Oltre 300 milioni di <a href="/wiki/Marco_tedesco" title="Marco tedesco">marchi tedeschi</a> in fondi illegali furono scoperti in depositi nel cantone di Ginevra. </p><p>Kohl stesso affermò che la ELF Aquitaine aveva offerto un massiccio investimento nell'industria chimica della Germania Est insieme con l'assorbimento di 2000 stazioni di rifornimento tedesche formalmente possedute dalla compagnia petrolifera nazionale <i>Minol</i>. L'ELF Aquitaine venne accusata di aver illegalmente finanziato la CDU su ordine di Mitterrand. Nel 2003 fu reso noto che a Helmut Kohl furono pagati 300.000 marchi da <a href="/wiki/Leo_Kirch" title="Leo Kirch">Leo Kirch</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-kohl1_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kohl1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> proprietario di un canale televisivo privato, per un contratto di consulenza. La questione era molto delicata, considerando il fatto che <a href="/wiki/Leo_Kirch" title="Leo Kirch">Kirch</a> costruì il suo impero televisivo privato grazie alle riforme promosse da Helmut Kohl negli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1980" title="Anni 1980">anni ottanta</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personalità_e_ritratti_multimediali"><span id="Personalit.C3.A0_e_ritratti_multimediali"></span>Personalità e ritratti multimediali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Personalità e ritratti multimediali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Personalità e ritratti multimediali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kohl affrontò la rigida opposizione dalla sinistra tedesca occidentale e venne deriso per la sua statura fisica, la presunta provincialità e il linguaggio semplicistico. Simile ai cartoni storici francesi di <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Filippo_di_Francia" title="Luigi Filippo di Francia">Luigi Filippo di Francia</a>, <i>Hans Traxler</i> ha descritto Kohl come una <a href="/wiki/Pera" title="Pera">pera</a> nella rivista satirica di sinistra <i>Titanic</i>. La parola tedesca <i>Birne</i> ("pera") divenne un soprannome diffuso e simbolo del cancelliere. Comici come Thomas Freitag e Stefan Wald imitavano il cancelliere e inoltre uscirono diversi libri contenenti scherzi dove Kohl appariva quale "stupido protagonista". </p><p>Quando l'ex-cancelliere è morto, il giornale di sinistra <i>TAZ</i> ha redatto una pagina che mostrava composizioni di fiori tipiche dei funerali, ma vi era presente una pera. In seguito ad alcune proteste, il direttore si è scusato. Il biografo Hans Peter Schwarz nomina cinque problemi del candidato Kohl allora quarantaseienne: non conosce i complicati rapporti fra le fazioni del Bundestag, non ha esperienza internazionale, non conosce approfonditamente l'economia, manca di carisma e di accettazione culturale nel nord della Germania. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vita_privata">Vita privata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Vita privata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Vita privata"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Famiglia_di_Helmut_Kohl">Famiglia di Helmut Kohl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Famiglia di Helmut Kohl" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Famiglia di Helmut Kohl"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hannelore_kohl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hannelore_kohl.jpg/170px-Hannelore_kohl.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hannelore_kohl.jpg/255px-Hannelore_kohl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hannelore_kohl.jpg/340px-Hannelore_kohl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="927" /></a><figcaption>Hannelore Kohl, moglie di Helmut Kohl, con cui era sposato dal 1960 fino alla sua morte nel 2001</figcaption></figure> <p>Il 27 giugno 1960, Kohl si sposò con l'interprete <a href="/wiki/Hannelore_Kohl" title="Hannelore Kohl">Hannelore Renner</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-K_Adenauer_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-K_Adenauer-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dopo aver già chiesto la sua mano nel 1953, ritardando la cerimonia finché non fosse finanziariamente stabile. Entrambi si erano conosciuti nel 1948 presso una scuola di ballo. Ebbero due figli, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohl" title="Walter Kohl">Walter Kohl</a> (nato nel 1963) e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kohl" title="Peter Kohl">Peter Kohl</a> (nato nel 1965).<sup id="cite_ref-kohl1_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kohl1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hannelore Kohl aveva studiato lingue e parlava correntemente francese e inglese. Durante la carriera politica del marito, svolgeva il ruolo di suo consigliere personale, soprattutto all'estero. Era una sostenitrice solidale sia della <a href="/wiki/Riunificazione_tedesca" title="Riunificazione tedesca">riunificazione tedesca</a>, ancor prima che fosse fattibile, che dell'alleanza alla <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> della Germania con gli Stati Uniti. </p><p>Hannelore era figlia di uno dei più grandi armatori tedeschi, molto vicina agli ambienti nazisti e fieramente antisemita, scrive persino a quattro mani con il marito un libro di ricette tedesche,<sup id="cite_ref-kohl1_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kohl1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> assecondando così la passione di Helmut per il buon vino e il buon cibo e in particolare per una ricetta della sua regione di origine: la <i>Saumagen</i>, pancia di <a href="/wiki/Sus_scrofa_domesticus" title="Sus scrofa domesticus">scrofa</a> alla renana. Questa passione di Kohl confermerà la sua immagine di politico semplice e bonario, che, all'inizio della sua carriera, lo definisce alla stregua di un provinciale. Il 5 luglio <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a> Hannelore fu trovata morta nella sua casa a Ludwigshafen. Si ritiene che la donna si sia tolta la vita dopo aver ingerito una dose eccessiva di <a href="/wiki/Sonnifero" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonnifero">sonniferi</a>, probabilmente a causa dell'insofferenza alla sua dolorosa e rarissima allergia alla luce che le impediva di uscire al sole.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Si è poi risposato, nel 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> con <i>Maike Richter</i>, di 34 anni più giovane.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Entrambi i figli sono stati educati negli Stati Uniti, rispettivamente all'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Università di Harvard">Università di Harvard</a> e al <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>. Walter Kohl ha lavorato come analista finanziario presso <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a> a New York e successivamente ha fondato nel 1999, insieme a suo padre, una società di consulenza. Peter Kohl ha lavorato a Londra, per molti anni, come banchiere d'investimento. Walter Kohl si è sposato in prime nozze con l'accademica Christine Volkmann, esperta in amministrazione aziendale, da cui ha avuto un figlio, Johannes Kohl. In seconde nozze si è sposato invece con la coreana Kyung-Sook. Peter Kohl è sposato con la figlia di Elif Sözen, banchiere d'investimento turco, e hanno una figlia, Leyla Kohl, nata nel 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="overflow:auto;"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="margin:0pt auto; background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em;">Helmut Kohl<br /><a href="/wiki/Cancelliere_federale_della_Germania" title="Cancelliere federale della Germania">Cancelliere della Germania</a></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em;">Hannelore Kohl</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em;">Christine Volkmann</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em;">Walter Kohl</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em;">Kyung-Sook Kohl</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em;">Peter Kohl</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed black;"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em;">Elif Sözen-Kohl</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td><td><div style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 1em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em;">Johannes Kohl</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid black;padding:0.2em;">Leyla Kohl</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width: 2em; height: 2em;"></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondo_e_controverso_matrimonio_(2008-2017)"><span id="Secondo_e_controverso_matrimonio_.282008-2017.29"></span>Secondo e controverso matrimonio (2008-2017)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifica la sezione Secondo e controverso matrimonio (2008-2017)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Secondo e controverso matrimonio (2008-2017)"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Helmut_Kohl_und_Maike_Richter-Kohl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Helmut_Kohl_und_Maike_Richter-Kohl.jpg/220px-Helmut_Kohl_und_Maike_Richter-Kohl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Helmut_Kohl_und_Maike_Richter-Kohl.jpg/330px-Helmut_Kohl_und_Maike_Richter-Kohl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Helmut_Kohl_und_Maike_Richter-Kohl.jpg/440px-Helmut_Kohl_und_Maike_Richter-Kohl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Helmut Kohl con la sua seconda moglie Maike Kohl-Richter nel 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Mentre era in ospedale nel 2008, dopo aver subito gravi traumi alla testa, Kohl, settantottenne, sposò Maike Richter, ex dipendente della Cancelleria di 44 anni. Durante tutta la durata di questo matrimonio, Kohl soffrì di danni cerebrali: era a malapena in grado di parlare e si muoveva su una sedia a rotelle. Secondo suo figlio, Peter, il padre non aveva intenzione di sposarsi con la Richter e lo aveva dichiarato chiaramente; "Poi è avvenuto l'incidente e una perdita di controllo", suggerendo che la Richter avesse forzato il padre, allora seriamente malato, a sposarla. La Richter è stata fortemente criticata in Germania, sia dai figli di Kohl, che dagli ex amici e dai media tedeschi.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dopo il suo nuovo matrimonio, Kohl venne isolato sia dai suoi due figli che dai nipoti. I figli affermarono che il padre era tenuto dalla nuova moglie, "come un prigioniero". Ai suoi figli e nipoti fu anche impedito di vederlo negli ultimi sei anni della sua vita. Nella biografia di sua madre, Peter Kohl ha scritto che l'unica volta che aveva visitato l'appartamento della Richter, che descriveva come "un museo privato di Helmut Kohl" pieno di fotografie e manufatti ovunque, gli "sembrava il risultato di una meticolosa raccolta di reliquie per l'adorazione dell'eroe, come le conosciamo dai rapporti sugli <i><a href="/wiki/Stalking" title="Stalking">stalkers</a></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Il biografo di Kohl, Heribert Schwan, descrive la Richter come "più che conservatrice, piuttosto nazionalista tedesca"<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Fu uno scandalo, quando la Richter ha negato ai figli e i nipoti di Kohl di entrare nella casa del padre, dopo la morte di Kohl.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gli_ultimi_anni">Gli ultimi anni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Modifica la sezione Gli ultimi anni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Gli ultimi anni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HelmutKohl.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/HelmutKohl.PNG/220px-HelmutKohl.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/HelmutKohl.PNG/330px-HelmutKohl.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/HelmutKohl.PNG/440px-HelmutKohl.PNG 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Helmut Kohl nel 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>Dal 2007 la salute di Kohl iniziò a declinare, obbligandolo a sottoporsi a diverse operazioni.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Inoltre una caduta patita nel febbraio 2008 gli provocò un <a href="/wiki/Trauma_cranico" title="Trauma cranico">trauma cranico</a> e gli rese difficile parlare.<sup id="cite_ref-schwan-2014_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwan-2014-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nondimeno, nelle apparizioni pubbliche dovette servirsi di una sedia a rotelle. </p><p>Nel luglio 2009 Kohl rilevò la presidenza della Fondazione Hannelore-Kohl, fondata dalla moglie defunta, esautorandone i vertici in quanto "non legati in alcun modo alla sua consorte".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel luglio <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a> ebbe un qualche rilievo la notizia che Kohl, insieme a <a href="/wiki/Guido_Westerwelle" title="Guido Westerwelle">Guido Westerwelle</a>, avesse fatto da testimone al matrimonio del suo avvocato Stephan Holthoff-Pförtner con Klaus Sälzer; interpellato a riguardo, l'ex cancelliere si disse molto felice di aver ricoperto un simile ruolo per un amico.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morte_e_funerale">Morte e funerale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Modifica la sezione Morte e funerale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Morte e funerale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:170705-Speyer-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/170705-Speyer-01.jpg/220px-170705-Speyer-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/170705-Speyer-01.jpg/330px-170705-Speyer-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/170705-Speyer-01.jpg/440px-170705-Speyer-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Tomba di Helmut Kohl nel Vecchio cimitero di <a href="/wiki/Spira_(Germania)" title="Spira (Germania)">Spira</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kohl è morto il 16 giugno <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a> nella propria abitazione a <a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Ludwigshafen am Rhein">Ludwigshafen</a> all'età di 87 anni.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il 1º luglio 2017 Kohl venne premiato come la prima personalità nella storia a ricevere un formale "atto di lutto dell'UE", che il presidente della Commissione europea <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a> ha descritto come "atto statale".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Oltre a Juncker erano presenti anche il presidente del <a href="/wiki/Parlamento_europeo" title="Parlamento europeo">Parlamento europeo</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Strasburgo" title="Strasburgo">Strasburgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Antonio Tajani</a>, il presidente del Consiglio dell'Unione europea <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a>, la cancelliera <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>, il presidente francese <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>, l'ex presidente degli Stati Uniti <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> e il primo ministro russo <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Medvedev" title="Dmitrij Medvedev">Dmitrij Medvedev</a>. La bara di Kohl giunse alla <a href="/wiki/Duomo_di_Spira" title="Duomo di Spira">cattedrale di Spira</a> da Ludwigshafen. Dopo un grande onore militare, Kohl venne sepolto nel cimitero della cattedrale.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kohl ha ricevuto anche un tributo da un atto di governo, come tutti i suoi predecessori deceduti in Germania, ma fu respinto dalla vedova. Il 22 giugno 2017 al <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag tedesco</a> si è svolta una cerimonia di commemorazione, durante la quale ha preso la parola il <a href="/wiki/Presidenti_del_Bundestag" title="Presidenti del Bundestag">presidente del Bundestag</a> <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Lammert" title="Norbert Lammert">Norbert Lammert</a>. Subito dopo la morte di Kohl il dissenso familiare fu subito notato nei media.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Il giorno del funerale, i due figli di Kohl non erano presenti, né a Strasburgo, né alla <a href="/wiki/Cattedrale_di_Spira" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattedrale di Spira">cattedrale di Spira</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pubblicazioni">Pubblicazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Modifica la sezione Pubblicazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Pubblicazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Die politische Entwicklung in der Pfalz und das Wiedererstehen der Parteien nach 1945.</i><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dissertation, Universität Heidelberg 1958.</li> <li><i>Hausputz hinter den Fassaden. Praktikable Reformen in Deutschland.</i> Fromm, Osnabrück 1971<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3772950159" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7729-5015-9</a>.</li> <li><i>Zwischen Ideologie und Pragmatismus. Aspekte und Ansichten zu Grundfragen der Politik.</i> Verlag<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bonn Aktuell, Stuttgart 1973, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3879590141" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-87959-014-1</a>.</li> <li>(Hrsg.): <i>Konrad Adenauer 1876/1976.</i> Belser, Stuttgart 1976, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3763011633" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7630-1163-3</a>.</li> <li>(Hrsg.): <i>Der neue Realismus. Außenpolitik nach Iran und Afghanistan.</i><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Erb, Düsseldorf 1980, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3884580175" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-88458-017-5</a>.</li> <li>(Hrsg.): <i>Die CDU. Porträt einer Volkspartei.</i> Rüber, Schwieberdingen<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1981, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/392262202X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-922622-02-X</a>.</li> <li><i>Der Weg zur Wende. Von der Wohlfahrtsgesellschaft zur Leistungsgemeinschaft.</i><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Herausgegeben von Dietrich Heissler. Husum-Druck- und Verlags-Gesellschaft, Husum 1983, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3880421900" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-88042-190-0</a>.</li> <li><i>Reden</i> und <i>Berichte der Bundesregierung.</i><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, Bonn (zahlreiche Einzelveröffentlichungen).</li> <li><i>Deutschlands Zukunft in Europa. Reden und Beiträge des Bundeskanzlers.</i><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Herausgegeben von Heinrich Seewald. Busse Seewald, Herford 1990, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3512009794" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-512-00979-4</a>.</li> <li><i>Die deutsche Einheit. Reden und Gespräche.Mit einem Vorwort von <a href="/wiki/Michail_Gorbatschow" class="mw-redirect" title="Michail Gorbatschow">Michail Gorbatschow</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1992, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3785706650" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7857-0665-0</a>.</li> <li><i>Der Kurs der CDU. Reden und Beiträge des Bundesvorsitzenden 1973–1993.</i><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hrsg. von <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hintze&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Hintze (la pagina non esiste)">Peter Hintze</a> und <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerd_Langguth&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerd Langguth (la pagina non esiste)">Gerd Langguth</a>. DVA, Stuttgart 1993, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3421066590" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-421-06659-0</a>.</li> <li><i>Ich wollte Deutschlands Einheit.</i><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dargestellt von <a href="/wiki/Kai_Diekmann" title="Kai Diekmann">Kai Diekmann</a> und Ralf Georg Reuth. Propyläen, Berlin 1996, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3549055978" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-549-05597-8</a>; Ullstein, Berlin 2010, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9783548373492" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-548-37349-2</a>.</li> <li><i>Mein Tagebuch 1998–2000.</i><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Droemer Knaur, München 2000, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3426272415" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-426-27241-5</a>.</li> <li><i>Erinnerungen. 1930–1982.</i><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Droemer Knaur, München 2004, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3426272180" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-426-27218-0</a>.</li> <li><i>Erinnerungen. 1982–1990.</i><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Droemer Knaur, München 2005, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3426273209" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-426-27320-9</a>.</li> <li><i>Erinnerungen. 1990–1994.</i><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Droemer Knaur, München 2007, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9783426274088" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-426-27408-8</a>.</li> <li><i>Vom Mauerfall zur Wiedervereinigung. Meine Erinnerungen.''</i><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Knaur-Taschenbuch-Verlag, München 2009, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9783426783368" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-426-78336-8</a>.</li> <li><i>Berichte zur Lage 1989–1998</i><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Der Kanzler und Parteivorsitzende im Bundesvorstand der CDU Deutschlands. Bearbeitet von Günter Buchstab und Hans-Otto Kleinmann, Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2012, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9783770019151" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-7700-1915-1</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aus_Sorge_um_Europa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aus Sorge um Europa (la pagina non esiste)">Aus Sorge um Europa: Ein Appell.</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Droemer Knaur, München 2014, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9783426276631" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-426-27663-1</a>.</li> <li><i>Vom Mauerfall zur Wiedervereinigung. Meine Erinnerungen.''</i><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Droemer Knaur, München 2014, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9783426276556" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-426-27655-6</a>. Gekürzte und überarbeitete Fassung.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onorificenze">Onorificenze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Modifica la sezione Onorificenze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Onorificenze"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Onorificenze_tedesche">Onorificenze tedesche</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Modifica la sezione Onorificenze tedesche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Onorificenze tedesche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064810-0003,_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf,_Kohl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064810-0003%2C_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064810-0003%2C_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064810-0003%2C_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064810-0003%2C_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064810-0003%2C_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F064810-0003%2C_CDU_Bundestagswahlkampf%2C_Kohl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption>Helmut Kohl durante un comizio elettorale della CDU (1983)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006,_Manching,_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006%2C_Manching%2C_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006%2C_Manching%2C_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006%2C_Manching%2C_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006%2C_Manching%2C_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006%2C_Manching%2C_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F076314-0006%2C_Manching%2C_Man%C3%B6ver_Frankreich-Deutschland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>Helmut Kohl e il <a href="/wiki/Presidente_francese" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidente francese">presidente francese</a> <a href="/wiki/Francois_Mitterrand" class="mw-redirect" title="Francois Mitterrand">Francois Mitterrand</a> mentre prendono parte all'esercitazione dell'esercito franco-tedesco Kecker Spatz, 24 settembre 1987</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bezoek_bondskanselier_Helmut_Kohl_Helmut_Kohl_en_premier_Lubbers_op_vliegveld_,_Bestanddeelnr_934-1404.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bezoek_bondskanselier_Helmut_Kohl_Helmut_Kohl_en_premier_Lubbers_op_vliegveld_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_934-1404.jpg/220px-Bezoek_bondskanselier_Helmut_Kohl_Helmut_Kohl_en_premier_Lubbers_op_vliegveld_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_934-1404.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bezoek_bondskanselier_Helmut_Kohl_Helmut_Kohl_en_premier_Lubbers_op_vliegveld_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_934-1404.jpg/330px-Bezoek_bondskanselier_Helmut_Kohl_Helmut_Kohl_en_premier_Lubbers_op_vliegveld_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_934-1404.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bezoek_bondskanselier_Helmut_Kohl_Helmut_Kohl_en_premier_Lubbers_op_vliegveld_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_934-1404.jpg/440px-Bezoek_bondskanselier_Helmut_Kohl_Helmut_Kohl_en_premier_Lubbers_op_vliegveld_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_934-1404.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3643" data-file-height="2451" /></a><figcaption>Kohl con il <a href="/wiki/Ministro-presidente_dei_Paesi_Bassi" title="Ministro-presidente dei Paesi Bassi">ministro-presidente dei Paesi Bassi</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a> il 30 novembre 1987</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan_and_German_Chancellor_Helmut_Kohl_at_the_Berlin_Wall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_German_Chancellor_Helmut_Kohl_at_the_Berlin_Wall.jpg/220px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_German_Chancellor_Helmut_Kohl_at_the_Berlin_Wall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_German_Chancellor_Helmut_Kohl_at_the_Berlin_Wall.jpg/330px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_German_Chancellor_Helmut_Kohl_at_the_Berlin_Wall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_German_Chancellor_Helmut_Kohl_at_the_Berlin_Wall.jpg/440px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_German_Chancellor_Helmut_Kohl_at_the_Berlin_Wall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>Il <a href="/wiki/Presidente_degli_Stati_Uniti" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidente degli Stati Uniti">presidente degli Stati Uniti</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> e il cancelliere Helmut Kohl al <a href="/wiki/Muro_di_Berlino" title="Muro di Berlino">muro di Berlino</a> nel dicembre 1987</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F086820-0012,_Bonn,_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_ernennt_Bundeskanzler_Kohl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F086820-0012%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_ernennt_Bundeskanzler_Kohl.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F086820-0012%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_ernennt_Bundeskanzler_Kohl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F086820-0012%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_ernennt_Bundeskanzler_Kohl.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F086820-0012%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_ernennt_Bundeskanzler_Kohl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F086820-0012%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_ernennt_Bundeskanzler_Kohl.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F086820-0012%2C_Bonn%2C_Bundespr%C3%A4sident_ernennt_Bundeskanzler_Kohl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Il <a href="/wiki/Presidente_federale_della_Germania" title="Presidente federale della Germania">presidente federale</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Richard von Weizsäcker">Richard von Weizsäcker</a> nomina Helmut Kohl cancelliere federale a seguito della vittoria nelle <a href="/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Germania_del_1990" title="Elezioni federali in Germania del 1990">elezioni del novembre precedente</a>, 18 gennaio 1991</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_H._W._Bush_and_Helmut_Kohl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/George_H._W._Bush_and_Helmut_Kohl.jpg/220px-George_H._W._Bush_and_Helmut_Kohl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/George_H._W._Bush_and_Helmut_Kohl.jpg/330px-George_H._W._Bush_and_Helmut_Kohl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/George_H._W._Bush_and_Helmut_Kohl.jpg/440px-George_H._W._Bush_and_Helmut_Kohl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Helmut Kohl e <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> nello <a href="/wiki/Studio_Ovale" title="Studio Ovale">Studio Ovale</a> della <a href="/wiki/Casa_Bianca" title="Casa Bianca">Casa Bianca</a>, 16 settembre 1991</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gonz%C3%A1lez_Kohl,_Steering_Committee,_1991.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gonz%C3%A1lez_Kohl%2C_Steering_Committee%2C_1991.jpg/220px-Gonz%C3%A1lez_Kohl%2C_Steering_Committee%2C_1991.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gonz%C3%A1lez_Kohl%2C_Steering_Committee%2C_1991.jpg/330px-Gonz%C3%A1lez_Kohl%2C_Steering_Committee%2C_1991.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gonz%C3%A1lez_Kohl%2C_Steering_Committee%2C_1991.jpg/440px-Gonz%C3%A1lez_Kohl%2C_Steering_Committee%2C_1991.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="1886" /></a><figcaption>Helmut Kohl e il <a href="/wiki/Presidente_del_Governo_di_Spagna" title="Presidente del Governo di Spagna">presidente del Governo di Spagna</a> <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a> nel 1991</figcaption></figure> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_4_GrVK.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Croce al Merito al nastro dell&#39;Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Federale Tedesca - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Croce al Merito al nastro dell&#39;Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Federale Tedesca - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_4_GrVK.svg/60px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_4_GrVK.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_4_GrVK.svg/90px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_4_GrVK.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_4_GrVK.svg/120px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_4_GrVK.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_al_merito_di_Germania" title="Ordine al merito di Germania">Croce al Merito al nastro dell'Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Federale Tedesca</a></div> <div>—&#160;1970</div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gran Croce al Merito con Placca dell&#39;Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Federale Tedesca - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Gran Croce al Merito con Placca dell&#39;Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Federale Tedesca - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg/60px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg/90px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg/120px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_5_GrVK_Stern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_al_merito_di_Germania" title="Ordine al merito di Germania">Gran Croce al Merito con Placca dell'Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Federale Tedesca</a></div> <div>—&#160;1973</div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gran croce al merito con placca e cordone dell&#39;Ordine al merito di Germania - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Gran croce al merito con placca e cordone dell&#39;Ordine al merito di Germania - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg/60px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg/90px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg/120px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_6_GrVK_Stern_Band.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_al_merito_di_Germania" title="Ordine al merito di Germania">Gran croce al merito con placca e cordone dell'Ordine al merito di Germania</a></div> <div>—&#160;1975</div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_7_Grosskreuz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Federale Tedesca - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Federale Tedesca - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_7_Grosskreuz.svg/60px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_7_Grosskreuz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_7_Grosskreuz.svg/90px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_7_Grosskreuz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_7_Grosskreuz.svg/120px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_7_Grosskreuz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_al_merito_di_Germania" title="Ordine al merito di Germania">Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Federale Tedesca</a></div> <div>—&#160;1979</div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_8_Grosskreuz_bes_Ausf.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di Gran Croce (modello speciale) dell&#39;Ordine al Merito di Germania - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di Gran Croce (modello speciale) dell&#39;Ordine al Merito di Germania - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_8_Grosskreuz_bes_Ausf.svg/60px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_8_Grosskreuz_bes_Ausf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_8_Grosskreuz_bes_Ausf.svg/90px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_8_Grosskreuz_bes_Ausf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_8_Grosskreuz_bes_Ausf.svg/120px-GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_8_Grosskreuz_bes_Ausf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_al_merito_di_Germania" title="Ordine al merito di Germania">Cavaliere di Gran Croce (modello speciale) dell'Ordine al Merito di Germania</a></div> <div>—&#160;29 settembre 1998</div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quadriga_(Preis)_2008_(06).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Premio Quadriga - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Premio Quadriga - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Quadriga_%28Preis%29_2008_%2806%29.jpg/24px-Quadriga_%28Preis%29_2008_%2806%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="24" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Quadriga_%28Preis%29_2008_%2806%29.jpg/36px-Quadriga_%28Preis%29_2008_%2806%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Quadriga_%28Preis%29_2008_%2806%29.jpg/48px-Quadriga_%28Preis%29_2008_%2806%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2412" data-file-height="3027" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Premio_Quadriga" title="Premio Quadriga">Premio Quadriga</a></div> <div>—&#160;2004</div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Onorificenze_straniere">Onorificenze straniere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Modifica la sezione Onorificenze straniere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Onorificenze straniere"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbon_of_a_Grand_Order_of_Queen_Jelena.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di gran croce del Grand&#39;ordine della regina Jelena (Croazia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di gran croce del Grand&#39;ordine della regina Jelena (Croazia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ribbon_of_a_Grand_Order_of_Queen_Jelena.png/60px-Ribbon_of_a_Grand_Order_of_Queen_Jelena.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ribbon_of_a_Grand_Order_of_Queen_Jelena.png/90px-Ribbon_of_a_Grand_Order_of_Queen_Jelena.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ribbon_of_a_Grand_Order_of_Queen_Jelena.png/120px-Ribbon_of_a_Grand_Order_of_Queen_Jelena.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Grand%27ordine_della_regina_Jelena" title="Grand&#39;ordine della regina Jelena">Cavaliere di gran croce del Grand'ordine della regina Jelena (Croazia)</a></div> <div>—&#160;2006</div> </div> </div><div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Commendatore di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine delle Tre Stelle (Lettonia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Commendatore di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine delle Tre Stelle (Lettonia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png/60px-LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png/90px-LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png/120px-LVA_Order_of_the_Three_Stars_-_Commander_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_delle_Tre_Stelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordine delle Tre Stelle">Commendatore di Gran Croce dell'Ordine delle Tre Stelle (Lettonia)</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ISL_Icelandic_Order_of_the_Falcon_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di Gran Croce decorato di collare dell&#39;Ordine del Falcone islandese - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di Gran Croce decorato di collare dell&#39;Ordine del Falcone islandese - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ISL_Icelandic_Order_of_the_Falcon_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/60px-ISL_Icelandic_Order_of_the_Falcon_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ISL_Icelandic_Order_of_the_Falcon_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/90px-ISL_Icelandic_Order_of_the_Falcon_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ISL_Icelandic_Order_of_the_Falcon_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/120px-ISL_Icelandic_Order_of_the_Falcon_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_del_Falcone" title="Ordine del Falcone">Cavaliere di Gran Croce decorato di collare dell'Ordine del Falcone islandese</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div><div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di gran croce dell&#39;Ordine al merito della Repubblica italiana - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di gran croce dell&#39;Ordine al merito della Repubblica italiana - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg/60px-Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg/90px-Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg/120px-Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_al_merito_della_Repubblica_Italiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordine al merito della Repubblica Italiana">Cavaliere di gran croce dell'Ordine al merito della Repubblica italiana</a></div> <div>—&#160;3 giugno <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;ordine del Leone dei Paesi Bassi (Paesi Bassi) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;ordine del Leone dei Paesi Bassi (Paesi Bassi) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/60px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/90px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/120px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_del_Leone_dei_Paesi_Bassi" title="Ordine del Leone dei Paesi Bassi">Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'ordine del Leone dei Paesi Bassi (Paesi Bassi)</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere dell&#39;Ordine dell&#39;Aquila Bianca (Polonia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere dell&#39;Ordine dell&#39;Aquila Bianca (Polonia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR.svg/60px-POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR.svg/90px-POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR.svg/120px-POL_Order_Or%C5%82a_Bia%C5%82ego_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_dell%27aquila_bianca" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordine dell&#39;aquila bianca">Cavaliere dell'Ordine dell'Aquila Bianca (Polonia)</a></div> <div>—&#160;27 aprile 1998</div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gran Collare dell&#39;Ordine dell&#39;Infante Dom Henrique (Portogallo) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Gran Collare dell&#39;Ordine dell&#39;Infante Dom Henrique (Portogallo) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg/60px-PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg/90px-PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg/120px-PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Grand_Collar_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_dell%27Infante_Dom_Henrique" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordine dell&#39;Infante Dom Henrique">Gran Collare dell'Ordine dell'Infante Dom Henrique (Portogallo)</a></div> <div>—&#160;13 agosto 1998<sup id="cite_ref-ordens.presidencia.pt_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ordens.presidencia.pt-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PRT_Order_of_Christ_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di gran croce dell&#39;Ordine del Cristo (Portogallo) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di gran croce dell&#39;Ordine del Cristo (Portogallo) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/PRT_Order_of_Christ_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/60px-PRT_Order_of_Christ_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/PRT_Order_of_Christ_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/90px-PRT_Order_of_Christ_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/PRT_Order_of_Christ_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/120px-PRT_Order_of_Christ_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_del_Cristo_(Portogallo)" title="Ordine del Cristo (Portogallo)">Cavaliere di gran croce dell'Ordine del Cristo (Portogallo)</a></div> <div>—&#160;14 maggio 1984<sup id="cite_ref-ordens.presidencia.pt_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ordens.presidencia.pt-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </div> </div><div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_for_Exceptional_Merits_(Slovenia).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ordine per meriti eccezionali (Slovenia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Ordine per meriti eccezionali (Slovenia) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Order_for_Exceptional_Merits_%28Slovenia%29.png/60px-Order_for_Exceptional_Merits_%28Slovenia%29.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Order_for_Exceptional_Merits_%28Slovenia%29.png/90px-Order_for_Exceptional_Merits_%28Slovenia%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Order_for_Exceptional_Merits_%28Slovenia%29.png/120px-Order_for_Exceptional_Merits_%28Slovenia%29.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Onorificenze_slovene" title="Onorificenze slovene">Ordine per meriti eccezionali (Slovenia)</a></div> <div>—&#160;2005</div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_of_Asturias_Foundation_Emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Premio Principe delle Asturie per la cooperazione internazionale (Spagna) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Premio Principe delle Asturie per la cooperazione internazionale (Spagna) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Princess_of_Asturias_Foundation_Emblem.svg/22px-Princess_of_Asturias_Foundation_Emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Princess_of_Asturias_Foundation_Emblem.svg/33px-Princess_of_Asturias_Foundation_Emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Princess_of_Asturias_Foundation_Emblem.svg/44px-Princess_of_Asturias_Foundation_Emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="1296" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Premio_Principessa_delle_Asturie" title="Premio Principessa delle Asturie">Premio Principe delle Asturie per la cooperazione internazionale (Spagna)</a></div> <div>—&#160;6 settembre <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine dei Santi Michele e Giorgio (Regno Unito) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell&#39;Ordine dei Santi Michele e Giorgio (Regno Unito) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/60px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/90px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/120px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Ordine_di_San_Michele_e_San_Giorgio" title="Ordine di San Michele e San Giorgio">Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine dei Santi Michele e Giorgio (Regno Unito)</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div><div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_(ribbon).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Medaglia Presidenziale della Libertà (Stati Uniti) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Medaglia Presidenziale della Libertà (Stati Uniti) - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_%28ribbon%29.png/60px-Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_%28ribbon%29.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_%28ribbon%29.png/90px-Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_%28ribbon%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_%28ribbon%29.png/120px-Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_%28ribbon%29.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Medaglia_presidenziale_della_libert%C3%A0" title="Medaglia presidenziale della libertà">Medaglia Presidenziale della Libertà (Stati Uniti)</a></div> <div>—&#160;20 aprile 1999<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:682px_Ribbon_of_the_Military_Order_of_Merit_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Premio Carlo Magno - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Premio Carlo Magno - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/682px_Ribbon_of_the_Military_Order_of_Merit_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/60px-682px_Ribbon_of_the_Military_Order_of_Merit_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/682px_Ribbon_of_the_Military_Order_of_Merit_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/90px-682px_Ribbon_of_the_Military_Order_of_Merit_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/682px_Ribbon_of_the_Military_Order_of_Merit_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/120px-682px_Ribbon_of_the_Military_Order_of_Merit_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="188" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Premio_Carlo_Magno" title="Premio Carlo Magno">Premio Carlo Magno</a></div> <div>—&#160;1988</div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">A causa della divisione della Germania, Helmut Kohl è stato il cancelliere federale della sola <a href="/wiki/Germania_Ovest" title="Germania Ovest">Germania Ovest</a> fino al 2 ottobre 1990. Dal 3 ottobre 1990 al 1998 è stato cancelliere federale della <a href="/wiki/Riunificazione_tedesca" title="Riunificazione tedesca">Germania riunificata</a>. Il termine Germania Ovest è il nome comune per la <b>Repubblica Federale di Germania</b> tra la sua formazione il 23 maggio 1949 e la <a href="/wiki/Riunificazione_tedesca" title="Riunificazione tedesca">riunificazione tedesca</a> il 3 ottobre 1990, quando la <a href="/wiki/Germania_Est" class="mw-redirect" title="Germania Est">Germania Est</a> venne unita alla sua controparte occidentale. La carica di cancelliere non è mai esistita nella RDT.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) Heribert Schwan e Rolf Steininger, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=SHMsAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Hans+Kohl+(6.+Januar+1887+%E2%80%93+20.+Oktober+1975)&amp;dq=Hans+Kohl+(6.+Januar+1887+%E2%80%93+20.+Oktober+1975)&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;redir_esc=y"><span style="font-style:italic;">Helmut Kohl: Virtuose der Macht</span></a>, Mannheim, Artemis &amp; Winkler, 2010, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3-538-07272-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/3-538-07272-8">3-538-07272-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/643066786">643066786</a>. <small>URL consultato il 7 maggio 2017</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/mondo/2017/06/16/e-morto-helmut-kohl_d2e8b5cd-cce2-432b-8cb0-93d6805a1187.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">È morto Helmut Kohl, padre della Germania unita</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ansa.it</span>, 16 giugno 2017. <small>URL consultato il 15 agosto 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080919065319/http://www.time.com/time/europe/hero2006/kohl.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Helmut Kohl</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">time.com</span>, <a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">Time</a>. <small>URL consultato il 17 giugno 2017</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.time.com/time/europe/hero2006/kohl.html">url originale</abbr> il 19 settembre 2008)</small>.<br /><div class="cite-q">«I view him as the greatest European leader of the second half of the 20th century.»</div></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110521001052/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/europe/news/article_1639558.php/Clinton-praises-Germany-s-Kohl-at-Berlin-award"><span style="font-style:italic;">Clinton praises Germany's Kohl at Berlin award</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">monstersandcritics.com</span>, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Presse-Agentur" title="Deutsche Presse-Agentur">Deutsche Presse-Agentur</a> - Monsters and Critics, 16 maggio 2011. <small>URL consultato il 17 giugno 2017</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.monstersandcritics.com/news/europe/news/article_1639558.php/Clinton-praises-Germany-s-Kohl-at-Berlin-award">url originale</abbr> il 21 maggio 2011)</small>.<br /><div class="cite-q">«the most important European statesman since the Second World War»</div></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Manlio Pisu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/commenti-e-idee/2016-01-22/l-europa-maastricht-nasceva-25-anni-fa-momento-decisivo-la-nostra-storia-recente-145406.shtml?uuid=ACHrxQFC&amp;p=2"><span style="font-style:italic;">L'Europa di Maastricht nasceva 25 anni fa, un momento decisivo per la nostra storia recente</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ilsole24ore.com</span>, <a href="/wiki/Il_Sole_24_Ore" title="Il Sole 24 Ore">Il Sole 24 Ore</a>, 22 gennaio 2016. <small>URL consultato il 18 giugno 2017</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/gallery/esteri/12414713/morto-helmut-kohl--cancelliere-tedesco-unificazione-germania-.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Morto il cancelliere tedesco Helmut Kohl, papà dell'Unione Europea: ha "inventato" Angela Merkel</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">liberoquotidiano.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/Libero_(quotidiano)" title="Libero (quotidiano)">Libero (quotidiano)</a>, 16 giugno 2017. <small>URL consultato il 16 giugno 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170617041730/http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/gallery/esteri/12414713/morto-helmut-kohl--cancelliere-tedesco-unificazione-germania-.html">archiviato</a> il 17 giugno 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200317200000/https://www.hdg.de/lemo/biografie/helmut-kohl.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Helmut Kohl - Lebendiges Museum Online</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">hdg.de</span>. <small>URL consultato il 4 aprile 2020</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https&#58;//www.hdg.de/lemo/biografie/helmut-kohl.html">url originale</abbr> il 17 marzo 2020)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Müchler &amp; Hofmann, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001015644/https://www.kit.edu/kit/english/pi_2013_13577.php"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pressemitteilung KIT 27. Juni 2013</span></a> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https&#58;//www.kit.edu/kit/english/pi_2013_13577.php">url originale</abbr> il 1º ottobre 2015)</small>.</cite> Abgerufen 9. Juli 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adenauerstiftung_80geb-11"><a href="#cite_ref-adenauerstiftung_80geb_11-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kas.de/wf/de/71.8024/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Würdigung: 80. Geburtstag Helmut Kohl</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">kas.de</span>, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2010. <small>URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2011</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120822165012/http://www.kas.de/wf/de/71.8024">archiviato</a> il 22 agosto 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Helmut-Kohl"><span style="font-style:italic;">Helmut Kohl</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">britannica.com</span>, <a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a>, 16 giugno 2017. <small>URL consultato il 18 giugno 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170720203358/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Helmut-Kohl">archiviato</a> il 20 luglio 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111215195038/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/press/news/press139_e.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Exhibition: Famous Alumni of the University of Heidelberg</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">uni-heidelberg.de</span>, Universität Heidelberg, 29 marzo 2001. <small>URL consultato il 19 giugno 2017</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https&#58;//www.uni-heidelberg.de/press/news/press139_e.html">url originale</abbr> il 15 dicembre 2011)</small>.<br /><div class="cite-q">«Helmut Kohl, for example, did his doctorate in Heidelberg in 1958, the title of his thesis being "The Political Development of the Palatinate and the Revival of the Political Parties after 1945"»</div></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) Hahanns Jürgen Küsters e Ulrike Hospes, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kas.de/wf/de/37.8203/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Geschichte der CDU - Helmut Kohl</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">kas.de</span>, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. <small>URL consultato il 18 giugno 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625122325/http://www.kas.de/wf/de/37.8203/">archiviato</a> il 25 giugno 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kohl1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-kohl1_15-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-kohl1_15-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-kohl1_15-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-kohl1_15-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-kohl1_15-4">e</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corrierequotidiano.it/1.66048/esteri/3701/e-morto-helmut-kohl-alleta-di-87-anni"><span style="font-style:italic;">È morto Helmut Kohl all'eta di 87 anni</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">corrierequotidiano.it</span>, Corriere Quotidiano, 16 giugno 2017. <small>URL consultato il 18 giugno 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170616210252/http://www.corrierequotidiano.it/1.66048/esteri/3701/e-morto-helmut-kohl-alleta-di-87-anni">archiviato</a> il 16 giugno 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) Christoph Gunkel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/einestages/helmut-kohl-in-karikaturen-die-rache-der-birne-a-1037236.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Die Rache der Birne</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">spiegel.de</span>, <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>, 16 giugno 2017. <small>URL consultato il 18 giugno 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170618101955/http://www.spiegel.de/einestages/helmut-kohl-in-karikaturen-die-rache-der-birne-a-1037236.html">archiviato</a> il 18 giugno 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Termine tedesco per "pera", poiché nelle caricature la testa del cancelliere era rappresentata appunto con una pera.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) Ralf Zerback, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zeit.de/2012/36/Kohl-Honecker-Staatsbesuch-1987/seite-2"><span style="font-style:italic;">Die Anerkennung</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">zeit.de</span>, <a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a>, 30 agosto 2012. <small>URL consultato il 20 giugno 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011110816/http://www.zeit.de/2012/36/Kohl-Honecker-Staatsbesuch-1987/seite-2">archiviato</a> l'11 ottobre 2017)</small>.<br /><div class="cite-q">«Im Januar 1987 wird Kohl wiedergewählt»</div></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">DM di Erziehungsgeld</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120729201348/http://www.ddr-im-www.de/index.php?itemid=131"><span style="font-style:italic;">Honecker in Bonn – 07. bis 11. September 1987</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">ddr-im-www.de</span>, Die DDR im WWW. <small>URL consultato il 15 luglio 2017</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.ddr-im-www.de/index.php?itemid=131">url originale</abbr> il 29 luglio 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13525101.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Honecker lädt Kohl in die DDR ein</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">spiegel.de</span>, <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>, 27 luglio 1987. <small>URL consultato il 18 giugno 2017</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Elvert, Jürgen, and Helmut Kohl. "Helmut Kohl und die europäische Integration 1982-1992: Grundlagen der Europapolitik / Helmut Kohl and European integration between 1982 and 1992: foundations of European Policy." Die Politische Meinung: Monatsschrift zu Fragen der Zeit, no. 4, Nr. 485, Helmut Kohl zum 80. Geburtstag (2010): 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-K_Adenauer-23"><a href="#cite_ref-K_Adenauer_23-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018192525/http://helmut-kohl.de/helmut_josef_michael_kohl.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Helmut Josef Michael Kohl</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">helmut-kohl.de</span>, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. <small>URL consultato il 17 giugno 2017</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.helmut-kohl.de/helmut_josef_michael_kohl.html">url originale</abbr> il 18 ottobre 2015)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) Klaus Brinkbäumer, Almut Hielscher, Carsten Holm, Jürgen Leinemann, Udo Ludwig, Hartmut Palmer, Sven Röbel, Rüdiger Scheidges e Barbara Schmid, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-19594678.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">„Ich verbrenne von innen“</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">spiegel.de</span>, <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>, 9 luglio 2001. <small>URL consultato il 19 giugno 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170620003739/http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-19594678.html">archiviato</a> il 20 giugno 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.adnkronos.com/Archivio/AdnAgenzia/1996/01/16/Esteri/KOHL-PRESENTATO-IL-SUO-LIBRO-DI-RICETTE_172700.php"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kohl: presentato il suo libro di ricette</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www1.adnkronos.com</span>, <a href="/wiki/Adnkronos" title="Adnkronos">Adnkronos</a>, 16 gennaio 1996. <small>URL consultato il 18 giugno 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917033218/http://www1.adnkronos.com/Archivio/AdnAgenzia/1996/01/16/Esteri/KOHL-PRESENTATO-IL-SUO-LIBRO-DI-RICETTE_172700.php">archiviato</a> il 17 settembre 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.repubblica.it/online/mondo/moglie/moglie/moglie.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">La moglie di Kohl si è suicidata</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">repubblica.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/La_Repubblica_(quotidiano)" title="La Repubblica (quotidiano)">la Repubblica (quotidiano)</a>, 5 luglio 2001. <small>URL consultato il 18 giugno 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702022842/http://www.repubblica.it/online/mondo/moglie/moglie/moglie.html">archiviato</a> il 2 luglio 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article165667928/Die-Frau-die-nie-richtig-Familie-Kohl-war.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Die Frau, die nie richtig Familie Kohl war</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">welt.de</span>, <a href="/wiki/Die_Welt" title="Die Welt">Die Welt</a>, 18 giugno 2017. <small>URL consultato il 19 giugno 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703063952/https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article165667928/Die-Frau-die-nie-richtig-Familie-Kohl-war.html">archiviato</a> il 3 luglio 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://espresso.repubblica.it/internazionale/2017/06/16/news/addio-helmut-kohl-padre-della-riunificazione-tedesca-1.304451"><span style="font-style:italic;">Addio Helmut Kohl, padre della riunificazione tedesca</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">espresso.repubblica.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/L%27Espresso" title="L&#39;Espresso">L'Espresso</a>, 16 giugno 2017. <small>URL consultato il 19 giugno 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170618231253/http://espresso.repubblica.it/internazionale/2017/06/16/news/addio-helmut-kohl-padre-della-riunificazione-tedesca-1.304451">archiviato</a> il 18 giugno 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">"<cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822220103/http://www.rp-online.de/panorama/huerriyet-helmut-kohl-ist-grossvater-aid-1.2047064"><span style="font-style:italic;">Enkeltochter heißt Leyla – 'Hürriyet': Helmut Kohl ist Großvater</span></a> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.rp-online.de/panorama/huerriyet-helmut-kohl-ist-grossvater-aid-1.2047064">url originale</abbr> il 22 agosto 2017)</small>.</cite>," <i><a href="/wiki/Rheinische_Post" title="Rheinische Post">Rheinische Post</a></i>, 12 marzo 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article114028759/Wird-Altkanzler-Kohl-von-seiner-Frau-fremdgesteuert.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kohl-Söhne: Wird Altkanzler Kohl von seiner Frau fremdgesteuert? - WELT</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">DIE WELT</span>. <small>URL consultato il 22 agosto 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170619132012/https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article114028759/Wird-Altkanzler-Kohl-von-seiner-Frau-fremdgesteuert.html">archiviato</a> il 19 giugno 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Thorsten Denkler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/altkanzler-kohl-und-seine-familie-eine-oeffentliche-tragoedie-1.1687107"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kohl und seine Familie - eine öffentliche Tragödie</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sueddeutsche.de</span>, 17 giugno 2017. <small>URL consultato il 22 agosto 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729050641/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/altkanzler-kohl-und-seine-familie-eine-oeffentliche-tragoedie-1.1687107">archiviato</a> il 29 luglio 2017)</small>. Ospitato su Sueddeutsche.de.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Heribert Schwan, Tilman Jens, <i>Vermächtnis: Die Kohl-Protokolle</i>, Heyne Verlag, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9783641167974" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9783641167974">ISBN&#160;9783641167974</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/politik/article165808001/Mich-empoert-das-pietaetlose-Verhalten-von-Maike-Kohl-Richter.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kohl-Sohn Walter: "Mich empört das pietätlose Verhalten von Maike Kohl-Richter" - WELT</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">DIE WELT</span>. <small>URL consultato il 22 agosto 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831114513/https://www.welt.de/politik/article165808001/Mich-empoert-das-pietaetlose-Verhalten-von-Maike-Kohl-Richter.html">archiviato</a> il 31 agosto 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/deutschland/kein-zorn-auf-thierse-und-keine-rache/1098220.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kein Zorn auf Thierse und keine Rache</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Der_Tagesspiegel" title="Der Tagesspiegel">Der Tagesspiegel</a></span>, 16 novembre 2007. <small>URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2011</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schwan-2014-35"><a href="#cite_ref-schwan-2014_35-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heribert_Schwan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Heribert Schwan (la pagina non esiste)">Heribert Schwan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tilman_Jens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tilman Jens (la pagina non esiste)">Tilman Jens</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Vermächtnis. Die Kohl-Protokolle</span>, 2ª&#160;ed., München, Heyne, 2014, p.&#160;54, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-3-453-20077-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-3-453-20077-7">978-3-453-20077-7</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121221104702/http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/protest-helmut-kohl-verlaesst-stiftung-seiner-verstorbenen-frau-a-633698.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Helmut Kohl verlässt Stiftung seiner verstorbenen Frau</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Spiegel Online</span>, 1º luglio 2009. <small>URL consultato il 31 gennaio 2012</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/protest-helmut-kohl-verlaesst-stiftung-seiner-verstorbenen-frau-a-633698.html">url originale</abbr> il 21 dicembre 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719040300/https://www.queer.de/detail.php?article_id=19672"><span style="font-style:italic;"><span></span><i>Helmut Kohl Trauzeuge bei Verpartnerung.</i><span></span></span></a> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https&#58;//www.queer.de/detail.php?article_id=19672">url originale</abbr> il 19 luglio 2019)</small>.</cite> queer.de; <cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509114153/http://diepresse.com/home/panorama/welt/1432333/Deutscher-Altkanzler-Kohl-Trauzeuge-bei-HomoHochzeit"><span style="font-style:italic;"><span></span><i>Deutscher Altkanzler Kohl Trauzeuge bei Homo-Hochzeit.</i><span></span></span></a> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//diepresse.com/home/panorama/welt/1432333/Deutscher-Altkanzler-Kohl-Trauzeuge-bei-HomoHochzeit">url originale</abbr> il 9 maggio 2016)</small>.</cite> In: <i>Die Presse</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702195034/http://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2017/06/16/news/germania_la_bild_morto_helmut_kohl_il_cancelliere_della_riunificazione-168278642/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Germania: morto Helmut Kohl, il cancelliere della riunificazione</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/La_Repubblica_(quotidiano)" title="La Repubblica (quotidiano)">la Repubblica</a></span>. <small>URL consultato il 2 luglio 2017</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.repubblica.it/esteri/2017/06/16/news/germania_la_bild_morto_helmut_kohl_il_cancelliere_della_riunificazione-168278642/">url originale</abbr> il 2 luglio 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702182846/http://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2017/07/01/news/strasburgo_l_ultimo_saluto_a_helmut_kohl-169657819/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Strasburgo, l'ultimo saluto a Helmut Kohl. Merkel: "Senza di lui non sarei stata qui"</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/La_Repubblica_(quotidiano)" title="La Repubblica (quotidiano)">la Repubblica</a></span>. <small>URL consultato il 2 luglio 2017</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.repubblica.it/esteri/2017/07/01/news/strasburgo_l_ultimo_saluto_a_helmut_kohl-169657819/">url originale</abbr> il 2 luglio 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819145045/http://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/politik/ARD-und-ZDF-uebertragen-Trauerakt-fuer-Helmut-Kohl-live-id41893451.html"><span style="font-style:italic;"><span></span><i>Helmut Kohl: ARD und ZDF übertragen Trauerakt für Helmut Kohl live</i>.</span></a> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/politik/ARD-und-ZDF-uebertragen-Trauerakt-fuer-Helmut-Kohl-live-id41893451.html">url originale</abbr> il 19 agosto 2017)</small>.</cite> In: <i>Augsburger Allgemeine online</i>. 30. Juni 2017, abgerufen am 30 giugno 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831114513/https://www.welt.de/politik/article165808001/Mich-empoert-das-pietaetlose-Verhalten-von-Maike-Kohl-Richter.html"><span style="font-style:italic;"><span></span><i>Mich empört das pietätlose Verhalten von Maike Kohl-Richter.</i><span></span></span></a> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https&#58;//www.welt.de/politik/article165808001/Mich-empoert-das-pietaetlose-Verhalten-von-Maike-Kohl-Richter.html">url originale</abbr> il 31 agosto 2017)</small>.</cite> <i>Die Welt</i>. 21 giugno 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116175314/http://www.n-tv.de/politik/Kohls-Soehne-bleiben-Trauerfeiern-fern-article19916480.html"><span style="font-style:italic;"><span></span><i>Kohls Söhne bleiben Trauerfeiern fern</i>.</span></a> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https&#58;//www.n-tv.de/politik//Kohls-Soehne-bleiben-Trauerfeiern-fern-article19916480.html">url originale</abbr> il 16 novembre 2017)</small>.</cite> In: <i>n-tv.de</i>. 1º luglio 2017, abgerufen am 2. Juli 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: "<i>Lo sviluppo politico nel Palatinato e la rinascita dei partiti dopo il 1945</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: "<i>L'intonaco dietro la facciata. Riforme pratiche in Germania."</i> Fromm, Osnabrück 1971</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: "<i>Tra ideologia e pragmatismo. Aspetti e opinioni sulle questioni politiche fondamentali</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: "<i>Il nuovo realismo. Politica estera all'Iran e all'Afghanistan</i>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: <i>"La CDU. Ritratto di una festa popolare."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: "<i>La strada per cambiare. Dalla società del welfare alla comunità di servizio</i>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: "<i>Discorsi e relazioni del governo federale</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: <i>Il futuro della Germania in Europa. Discorsi e contributi del Cancelliere federale</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: <i>L'unità tedesca. Discorsi e conversazioni. Prefazione di <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: <i>"Il corso della CDU. Discorsi e contributi del Presidente Federale, 1973-1993" </i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: <i>"Volevo l'unità della Germania"</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: <i>"Il mio diario"</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: <i>"Ricordi. 1930-1982"</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: <i>"Ricordi. 1982-1990"</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: <i>"Ricordi. 1990-1994"</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: "<i>"Dalla caduta del Muro alla riunione. Le mie memorie"</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: "<i>Relazioni sulla situazione 1989-1998</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: "<i>Preoccupazione per l'Europa: un appello."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Trad.Ted.: <i>"Dalla caduta del Muro alla riunificazione. Le mie memorie"</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=35735"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kohl Dott. Helmut - Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">quirinale.it</span>, Presidenza della Repubblica, 3 giugno 1977. <small>URL consultato il 19 giugno 2017</small> <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613134317/http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=35735">archiviato</a> il 13 giugno 2018)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ordens.presidencia.pt-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ordens.presidencia.pt_63-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ordens.presidencia.pt_63-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154&amp;list=1"><span style="font-style:italic;">Presidencia</span></a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fpa.es/es/premios-princesa-de-asturias/premiados/1996-helmut-kohl.html?texto=acta&amp;especifica=0"><span style="font-style:italic;">Acta del Jurado</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">fpa.es</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-presenting-the-presidential-medal-freedom-former-chancellor-helmut-kohl-germany"><span style="font-style:italic;">Presidency</span></a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Günter Müchler, Klaus Hofmann, <i>Helmut Kohl: Chancellor of German Unity, a Biography</i>, Bonn: Press and Information Office of the Federal Govenment, 1992</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Clay Clemens, William E. Paterson, <i>The Kohl Chancellorship</i>, Routledge, 2014</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) Hans-Peter Schwarz, <i>Helmut Kohl: Eine politische Biographie</i>, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2012</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caduta_del_Muro_di_Berlino" class="mw-redirect" title="Caduta del Muro di Berlino">Caduta del Muro di Berlino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancellieri_federali_della_Germania" title="Cancellieri federali della Germania">Cancellieri federali della Germania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerra_fredda" title="Guerra fredda">Guerra fredda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governo_Kohl_I" title="Governo Kohl I">Governo Kohl I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governo_Kohl_II" title="Governo Kohl II">II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governo_Kohl_III" title="Governo Kohl III">III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governo_Kohl_IV" title="Governo Kohl IV">IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governo_Kohl_V" title="Governo Kohl V">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannelore_Kohl" title="Hannelore Kohl">Hannelore Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_dell%27opposizione_(Germania)" title="Leader dell&#39;opposizione (Germania)">Leader dell'opposizione (Germania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministri_presidenti_della_Renania-Palatinato" title="Ministri presidenti della Renania-Palatinato">Ministri presidenti della Renania-Palatinato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kohl" title="Peter Kohl">Peter Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidenti_del_Consiglio_europeo" title="Presidenti del Consiglio europeo">Presidenti del Consiglio europeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riunificazione_tedesca" title="Riunificazione tedesca">Riunificazione tedesca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storia_della_Germania_dal_1945" title="Storia della Germania dal 1945">Storia della Germania dal 1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trattato_sullo_stato_finale_della_Germania" title="Trattato sullo stato finale della Germania">Trattato sullo stato finale della Germania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unione_Cristiano-Democratica_di_Germania" title="Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania">Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Università di Heidelberg">Università di Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohl" title="Walter Kohl">Walter Kohl</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" class="extiw" title="q:Helmut Kohl">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Helmut Kohl"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Helmut_Kohl?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni di o su <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" class="extiw" title="q:Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Helmut_Kohl?uselang=it">Helmut Kohl</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helmut-kohl.de/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">helmut-kohl.de</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/helmut-kohl"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kohl, Helmut</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/helmut-kohl_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Kohl, Helmut</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Helmut-Kohl"><span style="font-style:italic;">Helmut Kohl</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMLOL" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mlol.link/open/author/334483"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Helmut Kohl</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">MLOL</span>, Horizons Unlimited.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518#P3762" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL364467A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Helmut Kohl</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Library" title="Internet Archive">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/person:helmut_kohl_(1930-)"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere riguardanti Helmut Kohl</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518#P3847" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOlympedia" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/1200102"><span style="font-style:italic;">Helmut Kohl</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Olympedia</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518#P8286" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/Name?nm0463216"><span style="font-style:italic;">Helmut Kohl</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></span>, IMDb.com.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518#P345" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr>,&#160;<abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmportal.de/en/45a45a134da141fe9bc88bcff1ba4d40"><span style="font-style:italic;">Helmut Kohl</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">filmportal.de</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518#P2639" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundeskanzler.de/bk-de/kanzleramt/bundeskanzler-seit-1949/helmut-kohl"><span style="font-style:italic;">Helmut Kohl</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">bundeskanzler.de</span>.</cite></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="noprint nomobile" style="width:100%; clear:both; border:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="background: #C0C0C0; color: black"> <th width="26%">Predecessore </th> <th width="47%"><a href="/wiki/Cancelliere_federale_della_Germania" title="Cancelliere federale della Germania">Cancelliere federale della Germania</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Germania_Ovest" title="Germania Ovest">Germania Ovest</a> 1982-1990)</small> </th> <th width="26%">Successore </th> <th><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg/31px-Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="510" /></a></span> </th></tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a> </td> <td>1º ottobre 1982 – 27 ottobre 1998 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> </td> <td></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="noprint nomobile" style="width:100%; clear:both; border:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="background: #efefef; color: black"> <th width="26%">Predecessore </th> <th width="47%"><a href="/wiki/Presidente_del_Consiglio_europeo" title="Presidente del Consiglio europeo">Presidente del Consiglio europeo</a> </th> <th width="26%">Successore </th> <th><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </th></tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poul_Schl%C3%BCter" title="Poul Schlüter">Poul Schlüter</a> </td> <td>1º gennaio – 30 giugno 1983 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a> </td> <td>I</td></tr><tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #d5d5d5"><a href="/wiki/Poul_Schl%C3%BCter" title="Poul Schlüter">Poul Schlüter</a> </td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #d5d5d5">1º gennaio – 30 giugno 1988 </td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #d5d5d5"><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a> </td> <td>II</td></tr><tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #d5d5d5"><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a> </td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #d5d5d5">1º luglio – 31 dicembre 1994 </td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #d5d5d5"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> </td> <td>III</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="noprint nomobile" style="width:100%; clear:both; border:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="background: #ccccff; color: black"> <th width="26%">Predecessore </th> <th width="47%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_dell%27opposizione_(Germania)" title="Leader dell&#39;opposizione (Germania)">Leader dell'opposizione</a> </th> <th width="26%">Successore </th></tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karl_Carstens" title="Karl Carstens">Karl Carstens</a> </td> <td>13 settembre 1976 – 1º ottobre 1982 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Wehne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Wehne (la pagina non esiste)">Herbert Wehne</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="noprint nomobile" style="width:100%; clear:both; border:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="background: #C0C0C0; color: black"> <th width="26%">Predecessore </th> <th width="47%"><a href="/wiki/Ministri_presidenti_della_Renania-Palatinato" title="Ministri presidenti della Renania-Palatinato">Ministro presidente della Renania-Palatinato</a> </th> <th width="26%">Successore </th> <th><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/16px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/24px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg/32px-Coat_of_arms_of_Rhineland-Palatinate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="580" /></a></span> </th></tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Altmeier" title="Peter Altmeier">Peter Altmeier</a> </td> <td>19 maggio 1969 – 2 dicembre 1976 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Vogel" title="Bernhard Vogel">Bernhard Vogel</a> </td> <td></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="noprint nomobile" style="width:100%; clear:both; border:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="background: #CFB53B; color: black"> <th width="26%">Predecessore </th> <th width="47%"><a href="/wiki/Presidente_dell%27Unione_Cristiano-Democratica_di_Germania" title="Presidente dell&#39;Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania">Presidente dell'Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania</a> </th> <th width="26%">Successore </th> <th><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cdu-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cdu-logo.svg/30px-Cdu-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cdu-logo.svg/45px-Cdu-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cdu-logo.svg/60px-Cdu-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> </th></tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Barzel" title="Rainer Barzel">Rainer Barzel</a> </td> <td>12 giugno 1973 – 7 novembre 1998 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a> </td> <td></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="noprint nomobile" style="width:100%; clear:both; border:1px solid #aaa; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="background: #F0DC82; color: black"> <th width="26%">Predecessore </th> <th width="47%"><a href="/wiki/G7#Presidenti_di_turno_del_forum_G7" title="G7">Presidente del G7</a> </th> <th width="26%">Successore </th> <th> </th></tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> </td> <td>2 – 4 maggio 1985 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yasuhiro_Nakasone" title="Yasuhiro Nakasone">Yasuhiro Nakasone</a> </td> <td>I</td></tr><tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #d5d5d5"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a> </td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #d5d5d5">6 – 8 luglio 1992 </td> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #d5d5d5"><a href="/wiki/Kiichi_Miyazawa" title="Kiichi Miyazawa">Kiichi Miyazawa</a> </td> <td>II</td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Cancelliere_Germania"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cancelliere_Germania" title="Template:Cancelliere Germania"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Cancelliere_Germania" title="Discussioni template:Cancelliere Germania"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Cancelliere_Germania&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Germania (bandiera)"><img alt="Germania (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cancelliere_federale_della_Germania" title="Cancelliere federale della Germania">Cancellieri della Germania (dal 1867)</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Confederazione_Tedesca_del_Nord" title="Confederazione Tedesca del Nord">Confederazione Tedesca del Nord </a><br /><small>(1867–1871)</small><br />Cancelliere federale</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> (1867-1871)</td><td rowspan="5" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Chancellor_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandiera del Cancelliere federale tedesco"><img alt="Bandiera del Cancelliere federale tedesco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Chancellor_of_Germany.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Chancellor_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Chancellor_of_Germany.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Chancellor_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Chancellor_of_Germany.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Chancellor_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Impero_Tedesco" class="mw-redirect" title="Impero Tedesco">Impero Tedesco</a><br /><small>(1871–1918)</small><br />Cancelliere del Reich</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> (1871-1890)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Leo_von_Caprivi" title="Leo von Caprivi">Leo von Caprivi</a> (1890-1894)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chlodwig_zu_Hohenlohe-Schillingsf%C3%BCrst" title="Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst">Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst</a> (1894-1900)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow" title="Bernhard von Bülow">Bernhard von Bülow</a> (1900-1909)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Theobald_von_Bethmann-Hollweg" title="Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg">Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg</a> (1909-1917)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Georg_Michaelis" title="Georg Michaelis">Georg Michaelis</a> (1917)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_Hertling" title="Georg von Hertling">Georg von Hertling</a> (1917-1918)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Massimiliano_di_Baden" title="Massimiliano di Baden">Maximilian di Baden</a> (1918)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(3-2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_di_Weimar" title="Repubblica di Weimar">Repubblica di Weimar</a><br /><small>(1919–1933)</small><br />Cancelliere del Reich</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Friedrich Ebert</a> (1918)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Scheidemann" title="Philipp Scheidemann">Philipp Scheidemann</a> (1919)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Bauer" title="Gustav Bauer">Gustav Bauer</a> (1919-1920)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Hermann Müller">Hermann Müller</a> (1920)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Fehrenbach" title="Constantin Fehrenbach">Constantin Fehrenbach</a> (1920-1921)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wirth" title="Joseph Wirth">Joseph Wirth</a> (1921-1922)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Cuno" title="Wilhelm Cuno">Wilhelm Cuno</a> (1922-1923)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a> (1923)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marx" title="Wilhelm Marx">Wilhelm Marx</a> (1923-1925)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Luther" title="Hans Luther">Hans Luther</a> (1925-1926)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marx" title="Wilhelm Marx">Wilhelm Marx</a> (1926-1928)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Hermann Müller">Hermann Müller</a> (1928-1930)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Br%C3%BCning" title="Heinrich Brüning">Heinrich Brüning</a> (1930-1932)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">Franz von Papen</a> (1932)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_von_Schleicher" title="Kurt von Schleicher">Kurt von Schleicher</a> (1932-1933)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Terzo_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Terzo Reich">Terzo Reich</a><br /><small>(1933–1945)</small><br />Cancelliere del Reich</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1933-1945)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> (1945)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lutz_Graf_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" title="Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk">Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk</a> (1945)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Repubblica_Federale_di_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Repubblica Federale di Germania">Repubblica Federale di Germania</a><br /><small>(1949–)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Cancelliere_federale_della_Germania" title="Cancelliere federale della Germania">Cancelliere federale</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1949-1963)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Erhard" title="Ludwig Erhard">Ludwig Erhard</a> (1963-1966)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Georg_Kiesinger" title="Kurt Georg Kiesinger">Kurt Georg Kiesinger</a> (1966-1969)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1969-1974)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a> (1974-1982)<b>&#160;·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helmut Kohl</a> (1982-1998)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> (1998-2005)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2005-2021)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> (2021–)</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Presidenti_del_Consiglio_europeo"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidenti_del_Consiglio_europeo" title="Template:Presidenti del Consiglio europeo"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Presidenti_del_Consiglio_europeo" title="Discussioni template:Presidenti del Consiglio europeo"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Presidenti_del_Consiglio_europeo&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unione europea (bandiera)"><img alt="Unione europea (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Presidente_del_Consiglio_europeo" title="Presidente del Consiglio europeo">Presidenti del Consiglio europeo</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Presidenza_del_Consiglio_dell%27Unione_europea" title="Presidenza del Consiglio dell&#39;Unione europea">Consiglio dell'Unione europea</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Presidenti di turno del<br />Consiglio europeo<br /><small>(1974-2009)</small></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francia (bandiera)"><img alt="Francia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d&#39;Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> (1974)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Irlanda (bandiera)"><img alt="Irlanda (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Liam Cosgrave</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italia (bandiera)"><img alt="Italia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a> (1975)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lussemburgo (bandiera)"><img alt="Lussemburgo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Thorn" title="Gaston Thorn">Gaston Thorn</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)"><img alt="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Joop_den_Uyl" title="Joop den Uyl">Joop den Uyl</a> (1976)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regno Unito (bandiera)"><img alt="Regno Unito (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belgio (bandiera)"><img alt="Belgio (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tindemans" title="Leo Tindemans">Leo Tindemans</a> (1977)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Danimarca (bandiera)"><img alt="Danimarca (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Anker_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Anker Jørgensen">Anker Jørgensen</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Germania (bandiera)"><img alt="Germania (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a> (1978)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francia (bandiera)"><img alt="Francia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d&#39;Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Irlanda (bandiera)"><img alt="Irlanda (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Jack Lynch</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a> (1979)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italia (bandiera)"><img alt="Italia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Francesco Cossiga</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lussemburgo (bandiera)"><img alt="Lussemburgo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Werner" title="Pierre Werner">Pierre Werner</a> (1980)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)"><img alt="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dries_van_Agt" title="Dries van Agt">Dries van Agt</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regno Unito (bandiera)"><img alt="Regno Unito (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> (1981)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belgio (bandiera)"><img alt="Belgio (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens" title="Wilfried Martens">Wilfried Martens</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Danimarca (bandiera)"><img alt="Danimarca (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Anker_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Anker Jørgensen">Anker Jørgensen</a> e <a href="/wiki/Poul_Schl%C3%BCter" title="Poul Schlüter">Poul Schlüter</a> (1982)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Germania (bandiera)"><img alt="Germania (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helmut Kohl</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grecia (bandiera)"><img alt="Grecia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a> (1983)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francia (bandiera)"><img alt="Francia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Irlanda (bandiera)"><img alt="Irlanda (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a> (1984)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italia (bandiera)"><img alt="Italia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Bettino Craxi</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lussemburgo (bandiera)"><img alt="Lussemburgo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Jacques Santer</a> (1985)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)"><img alt="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regno Unito (bandiera)"><img alt="Regno Unito (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> (1986)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belgio (bandiera)"><img alt="Belgio (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens" title="Wilfried Martens">Wilfried Martens</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Danimarca (bandiera)"><img alt="Danimarca (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Poul_Schl%C3%BCter" title="Poul Schlüter">Poul Schlüter</a> (1987)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Germania (bandiera)"><img alt="Germania (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helmut Kohl</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grecia (bandiera)"><img alt="Grecia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a> (1988)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spagna (bandiera)"><img alt="Spagna (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francia (bandiera)"><img alt="Francia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> (1989)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Irlanda (bandiera)"><img alt="Irlanda (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Charles Haughey</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italia (bandiera)"><img alt="Italia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a> (1990)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lussemburgo (bandiera)"><img alt="Lussemburgo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Jacques Santer</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)"><img alt="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Ruud Lubbers</a> (1991)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portogallo (bandiera)"><img alt="Portogallo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/An%C3%ADbal_Cavaco_Silva" title="Aníbal Cavaco Silva">Aníbal Cavaco Silva</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regno Unito (bandiera)"><img alt="Regno Unito (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a> (1992)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Danimarca (bandiera)"><img alt="Danimarca (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Poul_Schl%C3%BCter" title="Poul Schlüter">Poul Schlüter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Poul_Nyrup_Rasmussen" title="Poul Nyrup Rasmussen">Poul Nyrup Rasmussen</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belgio (bandiera)"><img alt="Belgio (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Dehaene" title="Jean-Luc Dehaene">Jean-Luc Dehaene</a> (1993)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grecia (bandiera)"><img alt="Grecia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Germania (bandiera)"><img alt="Germania (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helmut Kohl</a> (1994)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francia (bandiera)"><img alt="Francia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spagna (bandiera)"><img alt="Spagna (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a> (1995)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italia (bandiera)"><img alt="Italia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Dini" title="Lamberto Dini">Lamberto Dini</a> e <a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Irlanda (bandiera)"><img alt="Irlanda (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a> (1996)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)"><img alt="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Wim_Kok" title="Wim Kok">Wim Kok</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lussemburgo (bandiera)"><img alt="Lussemburgo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a> (1997)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regno Unito (bandiera)"><img alt="Regno Unito (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Austria (bandiera)"><img alt="Austria (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Klima" title="Viktor Klima">Viktor Klima</a> (1998)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Germania (bandiera)"><img alt="Germania (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Finlandia (bandiera)"><img alt="Finlandia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Paavo_Lipponen" title="Paavo Lipponen">Paavo Lipponen</a> (1999)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portogallo (bandiera)"><img alt="Portogallo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francia (bandiera)"><img alt="Francia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a> (2000)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Svezia (bandiera)"><img alt="Svezia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ran_Persson" title="Göran Persson">Göran Persson</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belgio (bandiera)"><img alt="Belgio (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Guy Verhofstadt</a> (2001)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spagna (bandiera)"><img alt="Spagna (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Danimarca (bandiera)"><img alt="Danimarca (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Anders_Fogh_Rasmussen" title="Anders Fogh Rasmussen">Anders Fogh Rasmussen</a> (2002)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grecia (bandiera)"><img alt="Grecia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dstas_Simit%C4%ABs" title="Kōstas Simitīs">Kōstas Simitīs</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italia (bandiera)"><img alt="Italia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a> (2003)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Irlanda (bandiera)"><img alt="Irlanda (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)"><img alt="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Peter_Balkenende" title="Jan Peter Balkenende">Jan Peter Balkenende</a> (2004)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lussemburgo (bandiera)"><img alt="Lussemburgo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regno Unito (bandiera)"><img alt="Regno Unito (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> (2005)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Austria (bandiera)"><img alt="Austria (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%BCssel" title="Wolfgang Schüssel">Wolfgang Schüssel</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Finlandia (bandiera)"><img alt="Finlandia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Matti_Vanhanen" title="Matti Vanhanen">Matti Vanhanen</a> (2006)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Germania (bandiera)"><img alt="Germania (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portogallo (bandiera)"><img alt="Portogallo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%B3crates" title="José Sócrates">José Sócrates</a> (2007)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Slovenia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Slovenia (bandiera)"><img alt="Slovenia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Janez_Jan%C5%A1a" title="Janez Janša">Janez Janša</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francia (bandiera)"><img alt="Francia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (2008)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rep. Ceca (bandiera)"><img alt="Rep. Ceca (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mirek_Topol%C3%A1nek" title="Mirek Topolánek">Mirek Topolánek</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jan_Fischer" title="Jan Fischer">Jan Fischer</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Svezia (bandiera)"><img alt="Svezia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Reinfeldt" title="Fredrik Reinfeldt">Fredrik Reinfeldt</a> (2009)</td><td rowspan="3" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Consiglio europeo"><img alt="Consiglio europeo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg/50px-Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg/75px-Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg/100px-Council_of_the_EU_and_European_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Presidenti permanenti del<br />Consiglio europeo<br /><small>(dal 2009)</small></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belgio (bandiera)"><img alt="Belgio (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Herman Van Rompuy</a> (2009)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polonia (bandiera)"><img alt="Polonia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> (2014)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belgio (bandiera)"><img alt="Belgio (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a> (2019)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Presidenti del<br />Consiglio dell'Unione europea</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spagna (bandiera)"><img alt="Spagna (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belgio (bandiera)"><img alt="Belgio (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Yves_Leterme" title="Yves Leterme">Yves Leterme</a> (2010)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ungheria (bandiera)"><img alt="Ungheria (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polonia (bandiera)"><img alt="Polonia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> (2011)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Danimarca (bandiera)"><img alt="Danimarca (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Helle_Thorning-Schmidt" title="Helle Thorning-Schmidt">Helle Thorning-Schmidt</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cipro (bandiera)"><img alt="Cipro (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/D%C4%ABm%C4%ABtr%C4%ABs_Christofias" title="Dīmītrīs Christofias">Dīmītrīs Christofias</a> (2012)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Irlanda (bandiera)"><img alt="Irlanda (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lituania (bandiera)"><img alt="Lituania (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dalia_Grybauskait%C4%97" title="Dalia Grybauskaitė">Dalia Grybauskaitė</a> (2013)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Greece.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grecia (bandiera)"><img alt="Grecia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C5%8Dn%C4%ABs_Samaras" title="Antōnīs Samaras">Antōnīs Samaras</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italia (bandiera)"><img alt="Italia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Matteo Renzi</a> (2014)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lettonia (bandiera)"><img alt="Lettonia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laimdota_Straujuma" title="Laimdota Straujuma">Laimdota Straujuma</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lussemburgo (bandiera)"><img alt="Lussemburgo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Bettel" title="Xavier Bettel">Xavier Bettel</a> (2015)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)"><img alt="Paesi Bassi (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a> /<span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Slovacchia (bandiera)"><img alt="Slovacchia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a> (2016)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malta.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Malta (bandiera)"><img alt="Malta (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/40px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Muscat" title="Joseph Muscat">Joseph Muscat</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Estonia (bandiera)"><img alt="Estonia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCri_Ratas" title="Jüri Ratas">Jüri Ratas</a> (2017)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bulgaria (bandiera)"><img alt="Bulgaria (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bojko_Borisov" title="Bojko Borisov">Bojko Borisov</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Austria (bandiera)"><img alt="Austria (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Kurz" title="Sebastian Kurz">Sebastian Kurz</a> (2018)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romania (bandiera)"><img alt="Romania (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Finlandia (bandiera)"><img alt="Finlandia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Antti_Rinne" title="Antti Rinne">Antti Rinne</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sanna_Marin" title="Sanna Marin">Sanna Marin</a> (2019)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Croazia (bandiera)"><img alt="Croazia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Andrej Plenković</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Germania (bandiera)"><img alt="Germania (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2020)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portogallo (bandiera)"><img alt="Portogallo (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa" class="mw-redirect" title="António Costa">António Costa</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Slovenia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Slovenia (bandiera)"><img alt="Slovenia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Janez_Jan%C5%A1a" title="Janez Janša">Janez Janša</a> (2021)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francia (bandiera)"><img alt="Francia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rep. Ceca (bandiera)"><img alt="Rep. Ceca (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Petr Fiala</a> (2022)<b>&#160;·</b> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Svezia (bandiera)"><img alt="Svezia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Ulf Kristersson</a> / <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spagna (bandiera)"><img alt="Spagna (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a> (2023)</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Presidenti_del_CDU"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="background:#000000;"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidenti_del_CDU" title="Template:Presidenti del CDU"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Presidenti_del_CDU&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Presidenti del CDU (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Presidenti_del_CDU&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Presidente_dell%27Unione_Cristiano-Democratica_di_Germania" title="Presidente dell&#39;Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania"><span style="color:white">Presidenti dell'Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania</span></a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_list navbox_center navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1950-1966)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Erhard" title="Ludwig Erhard">Ludwig Erhard</a> (1966-1967)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Georg_Kiesinger" title="Kurt Georg Kiesinger">Kurt Georg Kiesinger</a> (1967-1971)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Barzel" title="Rainer Barzel">Rainer Barzel</a> (1971-1973)<b>&#160;·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helmut Kohl</a> (1973-1998)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a> (1998-2000)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2000-2018)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Annegret_Kramp-Karrenbauer" title="Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer">Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer</a> (2018-2021)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Armin_Laschet" title="Armin Laschet">Armin Laschet</a> (dal 2021)</td><td rowspan="1" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CDU_Logo_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo dell&#39;Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania"><img alt="Logo dell&#39;Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/CDU_Logo_2023.svg/80px-CDU_Logo_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/CDU_Logo_2023.svg/120px-CDU_Logo_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/CDU_Logo_2023.svg/160px-CDU_Logo_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Premio_Carlo_Magno"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="yellowground:#c0d4it;"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Carlo_Magno" title="Template:Premio Carlo Magno"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Premio_Carlo_Magno&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Premio Carlo Magno (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Premio_Carlo_Magno&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Vincitori del <a href="/wiki/Premio_Carlo_Magno" title="Premio Carlo Magno">Premio Carlo Magno</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_list navbox_center navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nikolaus_di_Coudenhove-Kalergi" title="Richard Nikolaus di Coudenhove-Kalergi">Richard Nikolaus di Coudenhove-Kalergi</a> (1950)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Brugmans" title="Hendrik Brugmans">Hendrik Brugmans</a> (1951)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a> (1952)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Monnet" title="Jean Monnet">Jean Monnet</a> (1953)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1954)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill</a> (1956)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri_Spaak" title="Paul-Henri Spaak">Paul-Henri Spaak</a> (1957)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a> (1958)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">George Catlett Marshall</a> (1959)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bech" title="Joseph Bech">Joseph Bech</a> (1960)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hallstein" title="Walter Hallstein">Walter Hallstein</a> (1961)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a> (1963)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Antonio Segni</a> (1964)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jens_Otto_Krag" title="Jens Otto Krag">Jens Otto Krag</a> (1966)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Luns" title="Joseph Luns">Joseph Luns</a> (1967)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Commissione_europea" title="Commissione europea">Commissione europea</a> (1969)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Seydoux_de_Clausonne" title="François Seydoux de Clausonne">François Seydoux de Clausonne</a> (1970)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a> (1972)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Salvador_de_Madariaga" title="Salvador de Madariaga">Salvador de Madariaga</a> (1973)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tindemans" title="Leo Tindemans">Leo Tindemans</a> (1976)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scheel" title="Walter Scheel">Walter Scheel</a> (1977)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dnstantinos_Karamanl%C4%ABs" title="Kōnstantinos Karamanlīs">Kōnstantinos Karamanlīs</a> (1978)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Emilio Colombo</a> (1979)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Simone_Veil" title="Simone Veil">Simone Veil</a> (1981)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_di_Spagna" title="Juan Carlos I di Spagna">Juan Carlos I di Spagna</a> (1982)<b>&#160;·</b> La popolazione del <a href="/wiki/Lussemburgo" title="Lussemburgo">Lussemburgo</a> (1986)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Alfred Kissinger</a> (1987)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> e <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helmut Kohl</a> (1988)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Schutz" title="Roger Schutz">Frère Roger</a> (1989)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gyula_Horn" title="Gyula Horn">Gyula Horn</a> (1990)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> (1991)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Jacques Delors</a> (1992)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González Márquez</a> (1993)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gro_Harlem_Brundtland" title="Gro Harlem Brundtland">Gro Harlem Brundtland</a> (1994)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Vranitzky" title="Franz Vranitzky">Franz Vranitzky</a> (1995)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_dei_Paesi_Bassi" title="Beatrice dei Paesi Bassi">Regina Beatrice dei Paesi Bassi</a> (1996)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Herzog" title="Roman Herzog">Roman Herzog</a> (1997)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Geremek" title="Bronisław Geremek">Bronisław Geremek</a> (1998)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> (1999)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (2000)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Konr%C3%A1d" title="György Konrád">György Konrád</a> (2001)<b>&#160;·</b> L'<a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (2002)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d&#39;Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> (2003)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pat_Cox" title="Pat Cox">Pat Cox</a> (2004)<b>&#160;·</b> Premio straordinario: <a href="/wiki/Papa_Giovanni_Paolo_II" title="Papa Giovanni Paolo II">Papa Giovanni Paolo II</a> (2004)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Azeglio_Ciampi" title="Carlo Azeglio Ciampi">Carlo Azeglio Ciampi</a> (2005)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a> (2006)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a> (2007)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2008)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Riccardi" title="Andrea Riccardi">Andrea Riccardi</a> (2009)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> (2010)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Trichet" title="Jean-Claude Trichet">Jean-Claude Trichet</a> (2011)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a> (2012)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dalia_Grybauskait%C4%97" title="Dalia Grybauskaitė">Dalia Grybauskaitė</a> (2013)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Herman Van Rompuy</a> (2014)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schulz" title="Martin Schulz">Martin Schulz</a> (2015)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Papa_Francesco" title="Papa Francesco">Papa Francesco</a> (2016)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a> (2017)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> (2018)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> (2019)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a> (2020)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Svjatlana_Cichano%C5%ADskaja" title="Svjatlana Cichanoŭskaja">Svjatlana Cichanoŭskaja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryja_Kalesnikava" title="Maryja Kalesnikava">Maryja Kalesnikava</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veranika_Capkala&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Veranika Capkala (la pagina non esiste)">Veranika Capkala</a> (2022)<b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelens%27kyj" title="Volodymyr Zelens&#39;kyj">Volodymyr Zelens'kyj</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Ucraini" title="Ucraini">popolo ucraino</a> (2023)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100951272">100951272</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121455475">0000 0001 2145 5475</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Servizio_bibliotecario_nazionale" title="Servizio bibliotecario nazionale">SBN</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-autori/-/opac-autori/detail/TO0V006652">TO0V006652</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50042957">n50042957</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118564595">118564595</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX830098">XX830098</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX830098">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12144018g">cb12144018g</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12144018g">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>,&#160;<abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007263834005171">987007263834005171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_e_universitaria_di_Zagabria" title="Biblioteca nazionale e universitaria di Zagabria">NSK</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="croato">HR</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&amp;local_base=nsk10&amp;doc_number=000040716">000040716</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>,&#160;<abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620947">00620947</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> CONOR.SI <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="sloveno">SL</abbr></span>)&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.si.cobiss.net/opac7/conor/99037283">99037283</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biografie"><img alt="&#160;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span>&#32;<b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Biografie" title="Portale:Biografie">Portale Biografie</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cold_War_Map_1980.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guerra fredda"><img alt="&#160;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cold_War_Map_1980.svg/25px-Cold_War_Map_1980.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cold_War_Map_1980.svg/38px-Cold_War_Map_1980.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cold_War_Map_1980.svg/50px-Cold_War_Map_1980.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477" /></a></span>&#32;<b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Guerra_fredda" title="Portale:Guerra fredda">Portale Guerra fredda</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_Parliament_yellow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Politica"><img alt="&#160;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Italian_Parliament_yellow.svg/25px-Italian_Parliament_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Italian_Parliament_yellow.svg/38px-Italian_Parliament_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Italian_Parliament_yellow.svg/50px-Italian_Parliament_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="237" /></a></span>&#32;<b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Politica" title="Portale:Politica">Portale Politica</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Storia"><img alt="&#160;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg/25px-Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg/38px-Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg/50px-Capitello_modanatura_mo_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="254" /></a></span>&#32;<b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Storia" title="Portale:Storia">Portale Storia</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unione europea"><img alt="&#160;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/25px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/38px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/50px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span>&#32;<b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Unione_europea" title="Portale:Unione europea">Portale Unione europea</a></b></div></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐dhbcv Cached time: 20241123140539 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.549 seconds Real time usage: 2.000 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 20868/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 251340/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 15818/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 19/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 64211/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.862/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 13057582/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 52/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1611.438 1 -total 35.24% 567.849 1 Template:Collegamenti_esterni 19.42% 312.892 4 Template:Navbox 15.78% 254.281 1 Template:Presidenti_del_Consiglio_europeo 14.99% 241.572 104 Template:Bandiera 14.57% 234.858 12 Template:Infobox 9.84% 158.548 1 Template:Carica_pubblica 7.86% 126.720 1 Template:Bio 5.24% 84.380 11 Template:Carica_pubblica/Carica 4.59% 73.922 27 Template:Cita_web --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key itwiki:pcache:idhash:208746-0!canonical and timestamp 20241123140539 and revision id 141882893. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;oldid=141882893">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;oldid=141882893</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Politici_tedeschi_del_XX_secolo" title="Categoria:Politici tedeschi del XX secolo">Politici tedeschi del XX secolo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Storici_tedeschi" title="Categoria:Storici tedeschi">Storici tedeschi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Storici_del_XX_secolo" title="Categoria:Storici del XX secolo">Storici del XX secolo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Nati_nel_1930" title="Categoria:Nati nel 1930">Nati nel 1930</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Morti_nel_2017" title="Categoria:Morti nel 2017">Morti nel 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Nati_il_3_aprile" title="Categoria:Nati il 3 aprile">Nati il 3 aprile</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Morti_il_16_giugno" title="Categoria:Morti il 16 giugno">Morti il 16 giugno</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Nati_a_Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Categoria:Nati a Ludwigshafen am Rhein">Nati a Ludwigshafen am Rhein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Morti_a_Ludwigshafen_am_Rhein" title="Categoria:Morti a Ludwigshafen am Rhein">Morti a Ludwigshafen am Rhein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Helmut_Kohl" title="Categoria:Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Cancellieri_della_Germania" title="Categoria:Cancellieri della Germania">Cancellieri della Germania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Presidenti_del_Consiglio_europeo" title="Categoria:Presidenti del Consiglio europeo">Presidenti del Consiglio europeo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Leader_dell%27opposizione_(Germania)" title="Categoria:Leader dell&#039;opposizione (Germania)">Leader dell'opposizione (Germania)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Ministri_presidenti_della_Renania-Palatinato" title="Categoria:Ministri presidenti della Renania-Palatinato">Ministri presidenti della Renania-Palatinato</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Presidenti_federali_dell%27Unione_Cristiano-Democratica_di_Germania" title="Categoria:Presidenti federali dell&#039;Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania">Presidenti federali dell'Unione Cristiano-Democratica di Germania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Cavalieri_di_gran_croce_OMRI" title="Categoria:Cavalieri di gran croce OMRI">Cavalieri di gran croce OMRI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Cavalieri_dell%27Ordine_dell%27Aquila_Bianca" title="Categoria:Cavalieri dell&#039;Ordine dell&#039;Aquila Bianca">Cavalieri dell'Ordine dell'Aquila Bianca</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Decorati_con_la_Medaglia_presidenziale_della_libert%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Decorati con la Medaglia presidenziale della libertà">Decorati con la Medaglia presidenziale della libertà</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Anticomunisti_tedeschi" title="Categoria:Anticomunisti tedeschi">Anticomunisti tedeschi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Studenti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_Ruprecht_Karl_di_Heidelberg" title="Categoria:Studenti dell&#039;Università Ruprecht Karl di Heidelberg">Studenti dell'Università Ruprecht Karl di Heidelberg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Personalit%C3%A0_commemorate_con_funerali_di_Stato" title="Categoria:Personalità commemorate con funerali di Stato">Personalità commemorate con funerali di Stato</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:BioBot" title="Categoria:BioBot">BioBot</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P856_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P856 letta da Wikidata">P856 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P3365_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P3365 letta da Wikidata">P3365 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P6404_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P6404 letta da Wikidata">P6404 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta da Wikidata">P1417 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P3762_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P3762 letta da Wikidata">P3762 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P648_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P648 letta da Wikidata">P648 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P3847_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P3847 letta da Wikidata">P3847 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P8286_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P8286 letta da Wikidata">P8286 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P345_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P345 letta da Wikidata">P345 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P2639_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P2639 letta da Wikidata">P2639 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_VIAF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice VIAF">Voci con codice VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_ISNI" title="Categoria:Voci con codice ISNI">Voci con codice ISNI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_SBN_(nomi)" title="Categoria:Voci con codice SBN (nomi)">Voci con codice SBN (nomi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNE" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNE">Voci con codice BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNF">Voci con codice BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_NSK" title="Categoria:Voci con codice NSK">Voci con codice NSK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_NDL" title="Categoria:Voci con codice NDL">Voci con codice NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_CONOR.SI" title="Categoria:Voci con codice CONOR.SI">Voci con codice CONOR.SI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pagine_che_utilizzano_collegamenti_magici_ISBN" title="Categoria:Pagine che utilizzano collegamenti magici ISBN">Pagine che utilizzano collegamenti magici ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il&#160;31 ott 2024 alle 15:30.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; possono applicarsi condizioni ulteriori. Vedi le <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/it">condizioni d'uso</a> per i dettagli.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/it">Informativa sulla privacy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sala_stampa/Wikipedia">Informazioni su Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avvertenze_generali">Avvertenze</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Codice di condotta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Sviluppatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/it.wikipedia.org">Statistiche</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Dichiarazione sui cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//it.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helmut_Kohl&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versione mobile</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-dj6bk","wgBackendResponseTime":238,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.549","walltime":"2.000","ppvisitednodes":{"value":20868,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":251340,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":15818,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":64211,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":52,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1611.438 1 -total"," 35.24% 567.849 1 Template:Collegamenti_esterni"," 19.42% 312.892 4 Template:Navbox"," 15.78% 254.281 1 Template:Presidenti_del_Consiglio_europeo"," 14.99% 241.572 104 Template:Bandiera"," 14.57% 234.858 12 Template:Infobox"," 9.84% 158.548 1 Template:Carica_pubblica"," 7.86% 126.720 1 Template:Bio"," 5.24% 84.380 11 Template:Carica_pubblica/Carica"," 4.59% 73.922 27 Template:Cita_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.862","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":13057582,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-dhbcv","timestamp":"20241123140539","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Helmut Kohl","url":"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helmut_Kohl","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2518","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2518","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributori ai progetti Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-09-25T10:19:41Z","dateModified":"2024-10-31T14:30:31Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fc\/Helmut_Kohl_%281996%29.png","headline":"6\u00b0 cancelliere federale della Germania"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10