GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-9KK989T90C"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', G-9KK989T90C); </script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=Array.of%2CArray.prototype.includes%2CObject.assign%2CPromise"></script> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-mpatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="author" content=""> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="csrf-token" content="6k2rr2WIPzOH2ypffSKtYvYTIYAykjZ4kwZmW7Zz"> <meta name="homeurl" content="https://www.gemconsortium.org"/> <title> GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor</title> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor"> <meta property="og:title" content=""/> <meta property="og:description" content=""> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.gemconsortium.org/images/default-facebook.jpg"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.gemconsortium.org/wiki/1154"> <meta property="article:section" content="General"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor"> <meta name="twitter:description" content=""> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.gemconsortium.org/images/default-facebook.jpg"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@gemnow"> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/images/favicon/favicon.png" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/images/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/images/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/images/favicon/manifest.json"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/images/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#000000"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="GEM"> <meta name="application-name" content="GEM"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#000000"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">  <link media="all" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/stylesheets/site-invisio.css"> <link media="all" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/stylesheets/jPages.css"> <link media="all" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/stylesheets/nv.d3.css"> <link media="all" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/stylesheets/animate.css"> <link href="/css/app.css?id=13dcd2ec566e2d9e1b98" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Montserrat:wght@300;400;600;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">   <script type="text/javascript"> if (/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) { var url = 'http://gem3.cowvision.net/about/news'; $(location).attr('href', url); } var url = 'http://gem3.cowvision.net/about/news'; </script> </head> <body class=" page-wiki compact-header " > <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=G-9KK989T90C" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" ></iframe> </noscript>  <header id="header"> <div class="login-panel" style="display: none;"> <div class="container"> <div class="actions"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger rounded login">Team Log In</button> <form method="POST" action="https://www.gemconsortium.org/login" accept-charset="UTF-8" class="form-inline"><input name="_token" type="hidden" value="6k2rr2WIPzOH2ypffSKtYvYTIYAykjZ4kwZmW7Zz"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="email" class="sr-only">email</label> <input class="form-control input-sm rounded" placeholder="country" name="email" type="text" id="email"> <span class="label label-danger">?</span> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="password" class="sr-only">password</label> <input class="form-control input-sm rounded" placeholder="password" name="password" type="password" value="" id="password"> <span class="label label-danger">?</span> </div> <div class="form-group"> <input class="btn btn-danger rounded" type="submit" value="Login"> </div> </form> </div> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="main-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="inner"> <div class="logo"> <a href="/"> <img src="https://www.gemconsortium.org/images/new-logo-white.png" alt="GEM logo"> </a> </div> <nav class="header-navigation"> <ul id="navigation" class="main-navigation"> <li class=""> <a href="#" id="dropdownMenuLink1" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> About <i class="icons8-chevron-down"></i> </a> <ul class="submenu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuLink1"> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/gem/5"><span>Mission & Values</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/gem/7"><span>National Teams</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/gem/8"><span>Global Team</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/gem/1872"><span>Governance</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/gem/1873"><span>Press Room</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/gem/1874"><span>Founding Organisations</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/gem/1879"><span>National Sponsors</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="#" id="dropdownMenuLink2" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Impact <i class="icons8-chevron-down"></i> </a> <ul class="submenu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuLink2"> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/impact/9"><span>Academics</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/impact/10"><span>Entrepreneurs</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/impact/11"><span>Policymakers</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/impact/12"><span>Sponsors</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/impact/1875"><span>International Organisations</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/news">News</a> </li> <li class="" > <a href="#" id="dropdownMenuLink3" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Research <i class="icons8-chevron-down"></i> </a> <ul class="submenu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuLink3"> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/reports/latest-global-report"><span>GEM 2023 / 2024 Global Report</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/reports/covid-impact-report"><span>Diagnosing COVID-19 Impacts on Entrepreneurship</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/reports/womens-entrepreneurship"><span>Women's Entrepreneurship</span></a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/report"> <span>Reports</span> </a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/economy-profiles"><span>Economy Profiles</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/research-papers"><span>Papers</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="active" > <a href="#" id="dropdownMenuLink4" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Data <i class="icons8-chevron-down"></i> </a> <ul class="submenu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuLink4"> <li> <a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/data"> <span>Data</span> </a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/wiki/1599"><span>Methodology</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/wiki"><span>Knowledge Base</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/wiki/1154"><span>Definitions</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="has-button"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-header btn-block team-login">Team Log In</button> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="hamburger"> <button id="hamburger"> <span></span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="banner" class=" static " ></div> <div id="breadcrumb"> <div class="container"> <div class="container-inner"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li> <a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/wiki">Wiki</a> </li> <li class="active">Definitions</li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main"> <div class="container"> <div class="container-inner"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <div class="title"> <h3 class="panel-title">Definitions</h3> </div> </div> <div class="panel-body min-height"> <article class="read"> <p><strong>Adult Population Survey (APS): </strong>The APS is a comprehensive questionnaire, administered to a minimum of 2000 adults in each GEM country, designed to collect detailed information on the entrepreneurial activity, attitudes and aspirations of respondents.</p><br /> <br /> <strong>Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Attitudes</strong> <em>indicators measured via the Adult Population Survey (APS):</em><br /> <br /> <ul><br /> <li><strong>Perceived Opportunities Rate</strong>: Percentage of 18-64 population (individuals involved in any stage of entrepreneurial activity excluded) who see good opportunities to start a firm in the area where they live</li><br /> <li><strong>Perceived Capabilities Rate</strong>: Percentage of 18-64 population (individuals involved in any stage of entrepreneurial activity excluded) who believe they have the required skills and knowledge to start a business</li><br /> <li><strong>Fear of Failure Rate:</strong> Percentage of 18-64 population (individuals involved in any stage of entrepreneurial activity excluded) who indicate that fear of failure would prevent them from setting up a business</li><br /> <li><strong>Entrepreneurial Intentions Rate</strong>: Percentage of 18-64 population (individuals involved in any stage of entrepreneurial activity excluded) who are latent entrepreneurs and who intend to start a business within three years</li><br /> <li><strong>Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) Rate</strong>: Percentage of 18-64 population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or owner-manager of a new business</li><br /> <li><strong>Established Business Ownership Rate</strong> : Percentage of 18-64 population who are currently an owner-manager of an established business, i.e., owning and managing a running business that has paid salaries, wages, or any other payments to the owners for more than 42 months</li><br /> <li><strong>Entrepreneurial Employee Activity Rate</strong>: Rate of involvement of employees in entrepreneurial activities, such as developing or launching new goods or services, or setting up a new business unit, a new establishment or subsidiary</li><br /> <li><strong>Motivational Index</strong>: Percentage of those involved in TEA that are improvement-driven opportunity motivated, divided by the percentage of TEA that is necessity-motivated</li><br /> <li><strong>Female/Male TEA Ratio</strong>: Percentage of female 18-64 population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or owner-manager of a 'new business', divided by the equivalent percentage for their male counterparts</li><br /> <li><strong>Female/Male Opportunity-Driven TEA Ratio</strong>: Percentage of those females involved in TEA who (i) claim to be driven by opportunity as opposed to finding no other option for work; and (ii) who indicate the main driver for being involved in this opportunity is being independent or increasing their income, rather than just maintaining their income, divided by the equivalent percentage for their male counterparts</li><br /> <li><strong>High Job Creation Expectation Rate</strong>: Percentage of those involved in TEA who expect to create 6 or more jobs in 5 years</li><br /> <li><strong>Innovation Rate</strong>: Percentage of those involved in TEA who indicate that their product or service is new to at least some customers AND that few/no businesses offer the same product</li><br /> <li><strong>Business Services Sector Rate</strong>: Percentage of those involved in TEA in the 'Business Services' sector - Information and Communication, Financial Intermediation and Real Estate, Professional Services or Administrative Services, as defined by the ISIC 4.0 Business Type Codebook</li><br /> <li><strong>High Status to Successful Entrepreneurs Rate</strong>: Percentage of 18-64 population who agree with the statement that in their country, successful entrepreneurs receive high status</li><br /> <li><strong>Entrepreneurship as a Good Career Choice Rate</strong>: Percentage of 18-64 population who agree with the statement that in their country, most people consider starting a business as a desirable career choice</li><br /> </ul><br /> <br /> <strong>Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions (EFCs): </strong>The nine conditions identified by GEM that enhance (or hinder) new business creation in a given country, and provide the basis of the NES. <br /> <br /> <ul><br /> <li><strong>Entrepreneurial Finance</strong>: The availability of financial resources—equity and debt—for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) (including grants and subsidies)</li><br /> <li><strong>Governmental Policies: Support and Relevance</strong>: The extent to which public policies support entrepreneurship - entrepreneurship as a relevant economic issue</li><br /> <li><strong>Government Policies: Taxes and Bureaucracy</strong>: The extent to which public policies support entrepreneurship - taxes or regulations are either size-neutral or encourage new and SMEs</li><br /> <li><strong>Government Entrepreneurship Programs</strong>: The presence and quality of programs directly assisting SMEs at all levels of government (national, regional, municipal)</li><br /> <li><strong>Entrepreneurial Education at School Stage</strong>: The extent to which training in creating or managing SMEs is incorporated within the education and training system at primary and secondary levels</li><br /> <li><strong>Entrepreneurial Education at Post School Stage</strong>: The extent to which training in creating or managing SMEs is incorporated within the education and training system in higher education such as vocational, college, business schools, etc.</li><br /> <li><strong>R&D Transfer</strong>: The extent to which national research and development will lead to new commercial opportunities and is available to SMEs</li><br /> <li><strong>Commercial and Legal Infrastructure</strong>: The presence of property rights, commercial, accounting and other legal and assessment services and institutions that support or promote SMEs</li><br /> <li><strong>Internal Market Dynamics</strong>: The level of change in markets from year to year</li><br /> <li><strong>Internal Market Burdens or Entry Regulation</strong>: The extent to which new firms are free to enter existing markets</li><br /> <li><strong>Physical Infrastructure</strong>: Ease of access to physical resources—communication, utilities, transportation, land or space—at a price that does not discriminate against SMEs</li><br /> <li><strong>Cultural and Social Norms</strong>: The extent to which social and cultural norms encourage or allow actions leading to new business methods or activities that can potentially increase personal wealth and income</li><br /> </ul><br /> <br /> <p><strong>Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA)</strong>: GERA is the umbrella organization that owns GEM, registered as a private limited not-for-profit company in the United Kingdom. It is funded by National Team fees, and the contributions of sponsoring institutions.</p><br /> <br /> <p><strong>Individual-Level Data</strong>: A .sav data file, either APS or NES, containing all information for all interviews conducted. </p><br /> <br /> <p><strong>National Expert Survey (NES): </strong>The NES is administered to 36 'experts' in each GEM country and collects data on the context in which entrepreneurship takes place in a country. It provides information about the nine aspects of a country’s socio-economic milieu that are believed to have a significant impact on national entrepreneurship - the Entrepreneurship Framework Conditions (EFCs).</p><br /> <br /> <p><strong>National-Level Data: </strong>A .sav data file, either APS or NES, containing GEM-calculated rates for an economy or economies.</p><br /> <br /> <p><strong>National Team: </strong>GEM is formed of a consortium of ‘National Teams’. Each Team is led by a local university or academic institution. The team is the official national representative of the project - responsible for collecting GEM data in the country on an annual basis, producing a 'National Report' on their findings, and acting as the point of contact for GEM enquiries.</p><br /> <br /> <p><strong>Request For Proposal (RFP) Package: </strong>The package, usually a .zip file, which includes all the documents which National Teams need to submit in order to request approval for data collection as well as the documents they will need to conduct the surveys.</p><br /> <br /> <p><strong>Request For Proposal (RFP): </strong>This is a .pdf document issued by GEM, outlining the requirements for completing the APS and NES in a particular year. It is contained within the RFP package (see above).</p><br /> <br /> <p><strong>Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA): </strong>GEM's most well-known index, representing the percentage of 18-64 population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or owner-manager of a new business.</p><br /> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="footer"> <div class="footer-bg"> <div class="container padded"> <div class="outer"> <div class="inner"> <div class="illustration"> <img src="https://www.gemconsortium.org/images/svg/footer-illustration.svg" alt="GEM Illustration"> </div> <div class="content"> <h6>Connect with us</h6> <ul class="social"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/GEMonitor" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="network-facebook" > <i class="icons8-facebook"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/gemnow" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="network-twitter" > <i class="icons8-twitter"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://linkedin.com/company/global-entrepreneurship-monitor" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="network-linkedin" > <i class="icons8-linkedin"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <hr> <nav> <ul class="links"> <li> <a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/about/impact/9"> Join GEM鈥檚 Research <i class="icons8-arrow-right"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/contact"> Contact <i class="icons8-arrow-right"></i> </a> </li> <li> <a href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#signupModal" type="button" > Subscribe <i class="icons8-arrow-right"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="address"> <p>Global Entrepreneurship Research Association, London Business School, Regents Park, London NW1 4SA, UK</p> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  <div class="modal fade" id="signupModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="signup" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-body">  <link href="//cdn-images.mailchimp.com/embedcode/classic-10_7.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <style type="text/css"> #mc_embed_signup{background:#fff; clear:left; font:14px Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; } /* Add your own Mailchimp form style overrides in your site stylesheet or in this style block. We recommend moving this block and the preceding CSS link to the HEAD of your HTML file. */ </style> <div id="mc_embed_signup"> <form action="https://gemconsortium.us3.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=952b6df0692f9b5c4c0e95b6f&id=16aca169f9" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate> <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll"> <div class="indicates-required"><span class="asterisk">*</span> indicates required</div> <div class="mc-field-group"> <label for="mce-EMAIL">Email Address <span class="asterisk">*</span> </label> <input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="required email" id="mce-EMAIL"> </div> <div class="mc-field-group"> <label for="mce-FNAME">First Name </label> <input type="text" value="" name="FNAME" class="" id="mce-FNAME"> </div> <div class="mc-field-group"> <label for="mce-LNAME">Last Name </label> <input type="text" value="" name="LNAME" class="" id="mce-LNAME"> </div> <div class="mc-field-group"> <label for="mce-MMERGE3">Location </label> <select name="MMERGE3" class="" id="mce-MMERGE3"> <option value=""></option> <option value="United States of America">United States of America</option> <option value="Aaland Islands">Aaland Islands</option> <option value="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</option> <option value="Albania">Albania</option> <option value="Algeria">Algeria</option> <option value="American Samoa">American Samoa</option> <option value="Andorra">Andorra</option> <option value="Angola">Angola</option> <option value="Anguilla">Anguilla</option> <option value="Antarctica">Antarctica</option> <option value="Antigua And Barbuda">Antigua And Barbuda</option> <option value="Argentina">Argentina</option> <option value="Armenia">Armenia</option> <option value="Aruba">Aruba</option> <option value="Australia">Australia</option> <option value="Austria">Austria</option> <option value="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</option> <option value="Bahamas">Bahamas</option> <option value="Bahrain">Bahrain</option> <option value="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</option> <option value="Barbados">Barbados</option> <option value="Belarus">Belarus</option> <option value="Belgium">Belgium</option> <option value="Belize">Belize</option> <option value="Benin">Benin</option> <option value="Bermuda">Bermuda</option> <option value="Bhutan">Bhutan</option> <option value="Bolivia">Bolivia</option> <option value="Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba">Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba</option> <option value="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option> <option value="Botswana">Botswana</option> <option value="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</option> <option value="Brazil">Brazil</option> <option value="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</option> <option value="Brunei Darussalam">Brunei Darussalam</option> <option value="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</option> <option value="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</option> <option value="Burundi">Burundi</option> <option value="Cambodia">Cambodia</option> <option value="Cameroon">Cameroon</option> <option value="Canada">Canada</option> <option value="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</option> <option value="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</option> <option value="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</option> <option value="Chad">Chad</option> <option value="Chile">Chile</option> <option value="China">China</option> <option value="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</option> <option value="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</option> <option value="Colombia">Colombia</option> <option value="Comoros">Comoros</option> <option value="Congo">Congo</option> <option value="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</option> <option value="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</option> <option value="Cote D'Ivoire">Cote D'Ivoire</option> <option value="Croatia">Croatia</option> <option value="Cuba">Cuba</option> <option value="Curacao">Curacao</option> <option value="Cyprus">Cyprus</option> <option value="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</option> <option value="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</option> <option value="Denmark">Denmark</option> <option value="Djibouti">Djibouti</option> <option value="Dominica">Dominica</option> <option value="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</option> <option value="Ecuador">Ecuador</option> <option value="Egypt">Egypt</option> <option value="El Salvador">El Salvador</option> <option value="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</option> <option value="Eritrea">Eritrea</option> <option value="Estonia">Estonia</option> <option value="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</option> <option value="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</option> <option value="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</option> <option value="Fiji">Fiji</option> <option value="Finland">Finland</option> <option value="France">France</option> <option value="French Guiana">French Guiana</option> <option value="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</option> <option value="French Southern Territories">French Southern Territories</option> <option value="Gabon">Gabon</option> <option value="Gambia">Gambia</option> <option value="Georgia">Georgia</option> <option value="Germany">Germany</option> <option value="Ghana">Ghana</option> <option value="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</option> <option value="Greece">Greece</option> <option value="Greenland">Greenland</option> <option value="Grenada">Grenada</option> <option value="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</option> <option value="Guam">Guam</option> <option value="Guatemala">Guatemala</option> <option value="Guernsey">Guernsey</option> <option value="Guinea">Guinea</option> <option value="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</option> <option value="Guyana">Guyana</option> <option value="Haiti">Haiti</option> <option value="Heard and Mc Donald Islands">Heard and Mc Donald Islands</option> <option value="Honduras">Honduras</option> <option value="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</option> <option value="Hungary">Hungary</option> <option value="Iceland">Iceland</option> <option value="India">India</option> <option value="Indonesia">Indonesia</option> <option value="Iran">Iran</option> <option value="Iraq">Iraq</option> <option value="Ireland">Ireland</option> <option value="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</option> <option value="Israel">Israel</option> <option value="Italy">Italy</option> <option value="Jamaica">Jamaica</option> <option value="Japan">Japan</option> <option value="Jersey (Channel Islands)">Jersey (Channel Islands)</option> <option value="Jordan">Jordan</option> <option value="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</option> <option value="Kenya">Kenya</option> <option value="Kiribati">Kiribati</option> <option value="Kuwait">Kuwait</option> <option value="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</option> <option value="Lao People's Democratic Republic">Lao People's Democratic Republic</option> <option value="Latvia">Latvia</option> <option value="Lebanon">Lebanon</option> <option value="Lesotho">Lesotho</option> <option value="Liberia">Liberia</option> <option value="Libya">Libya</option> <option value="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</option> <option value="Lithuania">Lithuania</option> <option value="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</option> <option value="Macau">Macau</option> <option value="Macedonia">Macedonia</option> <option value="Madagascar">Madagascar</option> <option value="Malawi">Malawi</option> <option value="Malaysia">Malaysia</option> <option value="Maldives">Maldives</option> <option value="Mali">Mali</option> <option value="Malta">Malta</option> <option value="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</option> <option value="Martinique">Martinique</option> <option value="Mauritania">Mauritania</option> <option value="Mauritius">Mauritius</option> <option value="Mayotte">Mayotte</option> <option value="Mexico">Mexico</option> <option value="Micronesia, Federated States of">Micronesia, Federated States of</option> <option value="Moldova, Republic of">Moldova, Republic of</option> <option value="Monaco">Monaco</option> <option value="Mongolia">Mongolia</option> <option value="Montenegro">Montenegro</option> <option value="Montserrat">Montserrat</option> <option value="Morocco">Morocco</option> <option value="Mozambique">Mozambique</option> <option value="Myanmar">Myanmar</option> <option value="Namibia">Namibia</option> <option value="Nauru">Nauru</option> <option value="Nepal">Nepal</option> <option value="Netherlands">Netherlands</option> <option value="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</option> <option value="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</option> <option value="New Zealand">New Zealand</option> <option value="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</option> <option value="Niger">Niger</option> <option value="Nigeria">Nigeria</option> <option value="Niue">Niue</option> <option value="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</option> <option value="North Korea">North Korea</option> <option value="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</option> <option value="Norway">Norway</option> <option value="Oman">Oman</option> <option value="Pakistan">Pakistan</option> <option value="Palau">Palau</option> <option value="Palestine">Palestine</option> <option value="Panama">Panama</option> <option value="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</option> <option value="Paraguay">Paraguay</option> <option value="Peru">Peru</option> <option value="Philippines">Philippines</option> <option value="Pitcairn">Pitcairn</option> <option value="Poland">Poland</option> <option value="Portugal">Portugal</option> <option value="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</option> <option value="Qatar">Qatar</option> <option value="Republic of Kosovo">Republic of Kosovo</option> <option value="Reunion">Reunion</option> <option value="Romania">Romania</option> <option value="Russia">Russia</option> <option value="Rwanda">Rwanda</option> <option value="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</option> <option value="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</option> <option value="Saint Martin">Saint Martin</option> <option value="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</option> <option value="Samoa (Independent)">Samoa (Independent)</option> <option value="San Marino">San Marino</option> <option value="Sao Tome and Principe">Sao Tome and Principe</option> <option value="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</option> <option value="Senegal">Senegal</option> <option value="Serbia">Serbia</option> <option value="Seychelles">Seychelles</option> <option value="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</option> <option value="Singapore">Singapore</option> <option value="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</option> <option value="Slovakia">Slovakia</option> <option value="Slovenia">Slovenia</option> <option value="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</option> <option value="Somalia">Somalia</option> <option value="South Africa">South Africa</option> <option value="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</option> <option value="South Korea">South Korea</option> <option value="South Sudan">South Sudan</option> <option value="Spain">Spain</option> <option value="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</option> <option value="St. Helena">St. Helena</option> <option value="St. Pierre and Miquelon">St. Pierre and Miquelon</option> <option value="Sudan">Sudan</option> <option value="Suriname">Suriname</option> <option value="Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands">Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands</option> <option value="Swaziland">Swaziland</option> <option value="Sweden">Sweden</option> <option value="Switzerland">Switzerland</option> <option value="Syria">Syria</option> <option value="Taiwan">Taiwan</option> <option value="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</option> <option value="Tanzania">Tanzania</option> <option value="Thailand">Thailand</option> <option value="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</option> <option value="Togo">Togo</option> <option value="Tokelau">Tokelau</option> <option value="Tonga">Tonga</option> <option value="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</option> <option value="Tunisia">Tunisia</option> <option value="Turkey">Turkey</option> <option value="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</option> <option value="Turks & Caicos Islands">Turks & Caicos Islands</option> <option value="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</option> <option value="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</option> <option value="Uganda">Uganda</option> <option value="Ukraine">Ukraine</option> <option value="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</option> <option value="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</option> <option value="Uruguay">Uruguay</option> <option value="USA Minor Outlying Islands">USA Minor Outlying Islands</option> <option value="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</option> <option value="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</option> <option value="Vatican City State (Holy See)">Vatican City State (Holy See)</option> <option value="Venezuela">Venezuela</option> <option value="Vietnam">Vietnam</option> <option value="Virgin Islands (British)">Virgin Islands (British)</option> <option value="Virgin Islands (U.S.)">Virgin Islands (U.S.)</option> <option value="Wallis and Futuna Islands">Wallis and Futuna Islands</option> <option value="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</option> <option value="Yemen">Yemen</option> <option value="Zambia">Zambia</option> <option value="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</option> </select> </div> <div class="mc-field-group input-group"> <strong>You are: </strong> <ul><li><input type="radio" value="Academic" name="MMERGE4" id="mce-MMERGE4-0"><label for="mce-MMERGE4-0">Academic</label></li> <li><input type="radio" value="Policymaker" name="MMERGE4" id="mce-MMERGE4-1"><label for="mce-MMERGE4-1">Policymaker</label></li> <li><input type="radio" value="Researcher" name="MMERGE4" id="mce-MMERGE4-2"><label for="mce-MMERGE4-2">Researcher</label></li> <li><input type="radio" value="Entrepreneur" name="MMERGE4" id="mce-MMERGE4-3"><label for="mce-MMERGE4-3">Entrepreneur</label></li> <li><input type="radio" value="Journalist" name="MMERGE4" id="mce-MMERGE4-4"><label for="mce-MMERGE4-4">Journalist</label></li> <li><input type="radio" value="Other (please specify)" name="MMERGE4" id="mce-MMERGE4-5"><label for="mce-MMERGE4-5">Other (please specify)</label></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mc-field-group"> <label for="mce-MMERGE5">Other </label> <input type="text" value="" name="MMERGE5" class="" id="mce-MMERGE5"> </div> <div class="mc-field-group input-group"> <strong>I'm interested in entrepreneurship in: </strong> <ul><li><input type="checkbox" value="2" name="group[24157][2]" id="mce-group[24157]-24157-0"><label for="mce-group[24157]-24157-0">Sub-Saharan Africa</label></li> <li><input type="checkbox" value="4" name="group[24157][4]" id="mce-group[24157]-24157-1"><label for="mce-group[24157]-24157-1">Middle East and North Africa</label></li> <li><input type="checkbox" value="8" name="group[24157][8]" id="mce-group[24157]-24157-2"><label for="mce-group[24157]-24157-2">Central Asia</label></li> <li><input type="checkbox" value="16" name="group[24157][16]" id="mce-group[24157]-24157-3"><label for="mce-group[24157]-24157-3">South and Eastern Asia</label></li> <li><input type="checkbox" value="32" name="group[24157][32]" id="mce-group[24157]-24157-4"><label for="mce-group[24157]-24157-4">Oceania</label></li> <li><input type="checkbox" value="64" name="group[24157][64]" id="mce-group[24157]-24157-5"><label for="mce-group[24157]-24157-5">Europe (EU)</label></li> <li><input type="checkbox" value="128" name="group[24157][128]" id="mce-group[24157]-24157-6"><label for="mce-group[24157]-24157-6">Europe (non-EU)</label></li> <li><input type="checkbox" value="256" name="group[24157][256]" id="mce-group[24157]-24157-7"><label for="mce-group[24157]-24157-7">North America</label></li> <li><input type="checkbox" value="512" name="group[24157][512]" id="mce-group[24157]-24157-8"><label for="mce-group[24157]-24157-8">Latin America and the Caribbean</label></li> </ul> </div> <div id="mce-responses" class="clear"> <div class="response" id="mce-error-response" style="display:none"></div> <div class="response" id="mce-success-response" style="display:none"></div> </div>  <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" name="b_952b6df0692f9b5c4c0e95b6f_16aca169f9" tabindex="-1" value=""></div> <div class="clear"> <input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="button"> </div> </div> </form> </div>  </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <a class="btn btn-secondary" href="https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/50691" > Already Subscribed? </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="loader"> <div class="loader">Loading...</div> </div> <input id="baseurl" name="baseurl" type="hidden" value="https://www.gemconsortium.org"> <script src="https://www.gemconsortium.org/js/vendor/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.gemconsortium.org/js/vendor/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.gemconsortium.org/js/site/d3.v3.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.gemconsortium.org/js/site/topojson.v1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.gemconsortium.org/js/vendor/jquery.cookie.js"></script> <script src="https://www.gemconsortium.org/js/vendor/jquery.tablesorter.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.gemconsortium.org/js/vendor/jPages.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.gemconsortium.org/js/site/site.js?v=1"></script> <script src="https://www.gemconsortium.org/js/site/common.js?v=1"></script> <script src="/js/manifest.js?id=d07251febd29d2c18fee" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/vendor.js?id=5ff9b3f61958cf546828" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/js/app.js?id=6393e57784a58e7e6229" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor