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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Journeys of exploration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Journeys_of_exploration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Journeys of exploration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Journeys_of_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Benguela_and_the_lands_of_Iaca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benguela_and_the_lands_of_Iaca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Benguela and the lands of Iaca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Benguela_and_the_lands_of_Iaca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Planning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Planning</span> 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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planning_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expedition_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expedition_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Expedition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expedition_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Later career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88" title="هيرمينغيلدو دي بريتو كابيلو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيرمينغيلدو دي بريتو كابيلو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Ерменежилду Капелу – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ерменежилду Капелу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermenegildo_Cardos_de_Brito_Capelo" title="Hermenegildo Cardos de Brito Capelo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hermenegildo Cardos de Brito Capelo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermenegildo_Augusto_de_Brito_Capello" title="Hermenegildo Augusto de Brito Capello – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hermenegildo Augusto de Brito Capello" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermenegildo_Capelo" title="Hermenegildo Capelo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hermenegildo Capelo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermenegildo_Capelo" title="Hermenegildo Capelo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hermenegildo Capelo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermenegildo_Capelo" title="Hermenegildo Capelo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hermenegildo Capelo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%96%27%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95" title="הרמנז'ילדו קאפלו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרמנז'ילדו קאפלו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermenegildo_Capelo" title="Hermenegildo Capelo – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Hermenegildo Capelo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermenegildo_Capelo" title="Hermenegildo Capelo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hermenegildo Capelo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Бриту Капеллу, Эрменежилду Карлуш де – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бриту Капеллу, Эрменежилду Карлуш де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermenegildo_Capelo" title="Hermenegildo Capelo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hermenegildo Capelo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1250265#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Hermenegildo Capelo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermenegildo_Capelo_-_Ilustra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Portugueza_(21Mai1917).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Hermenegildo_Capelo_-_Ilustra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Portugueza_%2821Mai1917%29.png/220px-Hermenegildo_Capelo_-_Ilustra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Portugueza_%2821Mai1917%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Hermenegildo_Capelo_-_Ilustra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Portugueza_%2821Mai1917%29.png/330px-Hermenegildo_Capelo_-_Ilustra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Portugueza_%2821Mai1917%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Hermenegildo_Capelo_-_Ilustra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Portugueza_%2821Mai1917%29.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="516" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1841<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Palmela" title="Palmela">Palmela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1917 (aged 75–76)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese People">Portuguese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Navy officer, explorer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">First European (alongside Roberto Ivens) to cross Central Africa from coast to coast between Angola and Mozambique.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Portugal_at_sea_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_at_sea_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Portugal_at_sea_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal_at_sea_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Portugal_at_sea_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal_at_sea_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Navy" title="Portuguese Navy">Portuguese Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1860 – 1910</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">Vice admiral</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hermenegildo de Brito Capelo</b> (1841–1917) was a Portuguese officer in the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Navy" title="Portuguese Navy">Portuguese Navy</a> and an explorer, who helped to chart territory between <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> that was unknown to Europeans in the 1870s and 1880s. Alongside <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Ivens" title="Roberto Ivens">Roberto Ivens</a>, he is famous for being the first European to cross <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a> from coast to coast between <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese West Africa">Angola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_East_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese East Africa">Mozambique</a>. </p><p>Hermenegildo Capelo later rose to become aide-de-camp to <a href="/wiki/Luis_I_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis I of Portugal">King Luis I</a> of Portugal and afterwards to <a href="/wiki/Carlos_I_of_Portugal" title="Carlos I of Portugal">King Carlos I</a> and, later still, vice-admiral. His military career ended in 1910, when King Manuel II of Portugal was exiled. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermenegildo_Capelo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hermenegildo de Brito Capelo was born in <a href="/wiki/Palmela" title="Palmela">Palmela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, a town about 25 km (16 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>. He was one of six brothers and his father was Major Félix António Gomes Capelo. </p><p>In 1860, Capelo sailed to <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Angola</a>, in southwest <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, and served on board the <i>D Estefânia</i> as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Navy" title="Portuguese Navy">Portuguese Navy</a>, which was commanded by <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_I_of_Portugal" title="Luís I of Portugal">Prince Luís</a>, staying for three years at a naval station before returning to Lisbon in 1863. He sailed to Africa again in 1866, visiting Angola, where he remained until 1869. </p><p>Before returning to Lisbon in 1876, his travels took him to <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Guinea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing Dynasty China</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journeys_of_exploration">Journeys of exploration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermenegildo_Capelo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Journeys of exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1875, <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Cordeiro" title="Luciano Cordeiro">Luciano Cordeiro</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Geographic_Society" title="Lisbon Geographic Society">Lisbon Geographic Society</a> (<i>Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa</i>) created the Portuguese National Commission of Exploration and Civilization of Africa (<i><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Comissão Nacional Portuguesa de Exploração e Civilização da África</i></span></i>), more commonly known as the Commission of Africa. Cordeiro's aims were to awaken public awareness of Portugal's African colonies and to raise funds by public subscription for the scientific-geographic expeditions necessary to define a single political Portuguese territory in Africa. These expeditions led to the recognition of the <a href="/wiki/Kwango_River" title="Kwango River">Kwango River</a> and its relations with the <a href="/wiki/Zaire_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaire River">Zaire River</a>. They led also to the charting of the hydrographic basin of the <a href="/wiki/Zambezi" title="Zambezi">Zambezi River</a>, which helped to complete the map of southern Africa. By writing in defense of the Portuguese position in Africa, he helped to create a European expansionist movement, the <i>Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa</i>. </p><p>The political motivation of these expeditions anticipated the historic <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Conference" title="Berlin Conference">Berlin Conference</a> which took place in 1885. Explorers of all European nations had launched themselves into rivalry for territorial gains, compelling Portugal to urgently review its own colonial position and the effectiveness of its presence in Africa. Portuguese ambitions to incorporate the area between Angola and Mozambique into a larger <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire#Consolidation_in_Africa_(1822–1951)" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese territory</a> led to Britain issuing the <a href="/wiki/British_Ultimatum" class="mw-redirect" title="British Ultimatum">British Ultimatum</a> to Portugal in 1890. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Benguela_and_the_lands_of_Iaca">Benguela and the lands of Iaca</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermenegildo_Capelo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Benguela and the lands of Iaca"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Planning">Planning</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermenegildo_Capelo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hermenegildo Capelo was chosen on May 11, 1877, to direct a scientific expedition into <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a> alongside the marine official <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Ivens" title="Roberto Ivens">Roberto Ivens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serpa_Pinto" class="mw-redirect" title="Serpa Pinto">Serpa Pinto</a>. Under the auspices of the <i>Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa</i>, this expedition aimed at "...the study of the <a href="/wiki/Kwango_River" title="Kwango River">Kwango river</a> and its relations with the <a href="/wiki/Congo_River" title="Congo River">Zaire</a> [Congo River] and with the Portuguese territories of the west coast...", <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attribution_needed" title="Wikipedia:Attribution needed"><span title="This sentence may contain perspectives and opinions without stating whose they are. (August 2010)">attribution needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as well as exploration of the region south and southeast of the source of the <a href="/wiki/Zambezi" title="Zambezi">Zambezi</a> river and the <a href="/wiki/Kunene_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunene River">Kunene river</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Expedition">Expedition</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermenegildo_Capelo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capelo_and_Ivens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Capelo_and_Ivens.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="290" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>Hermenegildo Capelo (left) with <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Ivens" title="Roberto Ivens">Roberto Ivens</a> in Iaca.</figcaption></figure> <p>On July 7, 1877, Hermenegildo Capelo, Roberto Ivens and Serpa Pinto set out, but later disagreed over the aims of the expedition. For Serpa Pinto it was to explore eastwards until they reached Mozambique. Capelo, however, saw it as an objective to reach <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> and possibly <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and the expedition divided. Capelo and Ivens explored the region of <a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A9_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bié (province)">Bié</a> and up to the lands of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iaca (page does not exist)">Iaca</a>, having delimited the course of the <a href="/wiki/Luando" title="Luando">Luando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kubango" title="Kubango">Kubango</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tohicapa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tohicapa (page does not exist)">Tohicapa</a> rivers. On March 1, 1880, Lisbon received a triumphant communication from Hermenegildo Capelo and Roberto Ivens. The success of the expedition was recorded in the book <i>De Benguela às Terras de Iaca</i> (<i>From Benguela to the Lands of Iaca</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_Angola_to_the_coast_of_Mozambique">From Angola to the coast of Mozambique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermenegildo_Capelo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: From Angola to the coast of Mozambique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following a consolidation of gains in the region of the <a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A9_Plateau" title="Bié Plateau">Bié Plateau</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Zambezi" title="Zambezi">Zambezi</a> river and reaching the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Falls" title="Victoria Falls">Victoria Falls</a>, Hermenegildo Capelo and Roberto Ivens were stimulated and keen to embark upon a second, ambitious expedition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Planning_2">Planning</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermenegildo_Capelo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The necessity of creating a general atlas of the Portuguese colonies led <a href="/wiki/Pinheiro_Chagas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinheiro Chagas">Pinheiro Chagas</a>, at the time Overseas Minister, to create, on April 19, 1883, a Commission of Cartography. One of its intentions was to map a commercial route between <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Angola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Mozambique</a>. This objective was decided upon on November 5 and the commission proceeded to make the necessary arrangements. The choice of two marine officials for this important mission was complicated by the uncertainty of what they would have to face, thus making age, as well as mapping skills and enthusiasm, an important factor in the choice. Hermenegildo Capelo and Roberto Ivens were chosen to carry through this new exploration of Africa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Expedition_2">Expedition</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermenegildo_Capelo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1884 and 1885, Capelo and Ivens explored between the coastline of Angola and the <a href="/wiki/Huila_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Huila Province">Huila</a> plain and later through the interior of <a href="/wiki/Quelimane" title="Quelimane">Quelimane</a> in Mozambique. As they continued their hydrographic studies and observations of river flow and drainage patterns, but also taking notes on the ethnographic and the linguistic characters of the people they encountered, they established a long-sought-after route via land between the coasts of Angola and Mozambique, exploring the vast regions of the interior located between these two territories. Their achievements were recorded in a two-volume book titled: <i>De Angola à Contra-Costa</i> (<i>From Angola to the Other Coast</i>). </p><p>Capelo and Ivens began this expedition on January 6, 1884, and returned to Lisbon on September 20, 1886, where they were triumphantly received by King <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_I_of_Portugal" title="Luís I of Portugal">Luís I of Portugal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_career">Later career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermenegildo_Capelo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hermenegildo Capelo was made vice-president of the Overseas Institute, of which the first president was Queen Dona <a href="/wiki/Amelia_of_Orleans" class="mw-redirect" title="Amelia of Orleans">Amélia</a>. His vision and his eminent skills at organization and direction were of great service to Portugal, alongside <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Ivens" title="Roberto Ivens">Roberto Ivens</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrade_Corvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrade Corvo (page does not exist)">Andrade Corvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Cordeiro" title="Luciano Cordeiro">Luciano Cordeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinheiro_Chagas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinheiro Chagas">Pinheiro Chagas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Jos%C3%A9_Enes" title="António José Enes">António Enes</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliveira_Martins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oliveira Martins (page does not exist)">Oliveira Martins</a>. The Portuguese government recognized the value of these important contributions to Portuguese achievement. </p><p>Capelo became <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">aide-de-camp</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_I_of_Portugal" title="Luís I of Portugal">King Luis I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlos_I_of_Portugal" title="Carlos I of Portugal">King Carlos I</a> of Portugal and chief of the military house of King <a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_of_Portugal" title="Manuel II of Portugal">Manuel II</a>, Plenipotentiary Minister of Portugal with the Sultan of <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> and created a geographical map of the province of Angola. </p><p>Capelo was promoted to rear-admiral on May 17, 1902, and to vice-admiral on January 18, 1906. Dedicated to <a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Manuel_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King Manuel II (page does not exist)">King Manuel II</a>, Capelo accompanied His Majesty until he was exiled on October 5, 1910. On the 24th of the same month, Capelo was dismissed and his military career ended.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermenegildo_Capelo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Oporto" class="mw-redirect" title="Oporto">Oporto</a>, a street and a metro station are named after him. He also appeared on the 1000 <a href="/wiki/Angolan_escudo" title="Angolan escudo">Angolan escudo</a> banknote issued in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermenegildo_Capelo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>De Benguela às Terras de Iaca</i>, 1881</li> <li><i>De Angola à Contracosta</i>, 1886</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermenegildo_Capelo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/15283115">"Dicionário cronológico de autores portugueses | WorldCat.org"</a>. <i>www.worldcat.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.worldcat.org&rft.atitle=Dicion%C3%A1rio+cronol%C3%B3gico+de+autores+portugueses+%7C+WorldCat.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2F15283115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermenegildo+Capelo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oceanrevival.org/en/navios/hermenegildo-capelo/patrono.html">"The Patron - Hermenegildo Capelo - Ocean Revival"</a>. <i>www.oceanrevival.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oceanrevival.org&rft.atitle=The+Patron+-+Hermenegildo+Capelo+-+Ocean+Revival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oceanrevival.org%2Fen%2Fnavios%2Fhermenegildo-capelo%2Fpatrono.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHermenegildo+Capelo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/ANG/ANG0091.htm">Angola - Banco de Angola 1000 Escudos</a> Bank Note Museum</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermenegildo_Capelo&action=edit&section=13" 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id="In_service_of_Prince_Henry" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="wrap">In service of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry_the_Navigator" title="Prince Henry the Navigator">Prince Henry</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_Gon%C3%A7alves_Baldaia" title="Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia">Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Fernandes" title="Álvaro Fernandes">Álvaro Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvise_Cadamosto" title="Alvise Cadamosto">Alvise Cadamosto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A3o_Gon%C3%A7alves" title="Antão Gonçalves">Antão Gonçalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Noli" title="António de Noli">António de Noli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoniotto_Usodimare" title="Antoniotto Usodimare">Antoniotto Usodimare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolomeu_Perestrelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartolomeu Perestrelo">Bartolomeu Perestrelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinis_Dias" title="Dinis Dias">Dinis Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Afonso" title="Diogo Afonso">Diogo Afonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_de_Melo_Coutinho_(15th_century)" title="Diogo de Melo Coutinho (15th century)">Diogo de Melo Coutinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_de_Silves" title="Diogo de Silves">Diogo de Silves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_de_Teive" title="Diogo de Teive">Diogo de Teive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Gomes" title="Diogo Gomes">Diogo Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Castro" title="Fernando de Castro">Fernando de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Eanes" title="Gil Eanes">Gil Eanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_de_Sintra" title="Gonçalo de Sintra">Gonçalo de Sintra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_Velho_Cabral" title="Gonçalo Velho Cabral">Gonçalo Velho Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Trasto" title="João de Trasto">João de Trasto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Fernandes_(explorer)" title="João Fernandes (explorer)">João Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gon%C3%A7alves_Zarco" title="João Gonçalves Zarco">João Gonçalves Zarco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lan%C3%A7arote_de_Freitas" title="Lançarote de Freitas">Lançarote de Freitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuno_Trist%C3%A3o" title="Nuno Tristão">Nuno Tristão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Sintra" title="Pedro de Sintra">Pedro de Sintra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trist%C3%A3o_Vaz_Teixeira" title="Tristão Vaz Teixeira">Tristão Vaz Teixeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Martins" title="Álvaro Martins">Álvaro Martins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gon%C3%A7alves_(explorer)" title="André Gonçalves (explorer)">André Gonçalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Abreu" title="António de Abreu">António de Abreu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Faria" title="António de Faria">António de Faria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Saldanha" title="António de Saldanha">António de Saldanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Galv%C3%A3o" title="António Galvão">António Galvão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Mota" title="António Mota">António Mota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolomeu_Dias" title="Bartolomeu Dias">Bartolomeu Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o_de_Mendon%C3%A7a" title="Cristóvão de Mendonça">Cristóvão de Mendonça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o_Jacques" title="Cristóvão Jacques">Cristóvão Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_C%C3%A3o" title="Diogo Cão">Diogo Cão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_da_Rocha" title="Diogo da Rocha">Diogo da Rocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_de_Azambuja" title="Diogo de Azambuja">Diogo de Azambuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Dias" title="Diogo Dias">Diogo Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Fernandes_Pereira" title="Diogo Fernandes Pereira">Diogo Fernandes Pereira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Lopes_de_Sequeira" title="Diogo Lopes de Sequeira">Diogo Lopes de Sequeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Rodrigues" title="Diogo Rodrigues">Diogo Rodrigues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Soares" title="Diogo Soares">Diogo Soares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Fernandes" title="Duarte Fernandes">Duarte Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Pacheco_Pereira" title="Duarte Pacheco Pereira">Duarte Pacheco Pereira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_da_Gama_(c._1470)" title="Estêvão da Gama (c. 1470)">Estêvão da Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_de_Loronha" title="Fernão de Loronha">Fernão de Loronha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_do_P%C3%B3" title="Fernão do Pó">Fernão do Pó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Gomes" title="Fernão Gomes">Fernão Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Mendes_Pinto" title="Fernão Mendes Pinto">Fernão Mendes Pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Pires_de_Andrade" title="Fernão Pires de Andrade">Fernão Pires de Andrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serr%C3%A3o" title="Francisco Serrão">Francisco Serrão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Corte-Real" title="Gaspar Corte-Real">Gaspar Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Lemos" title="Gaspar de Lemos">Gaspar de Lemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomes_de_Sequeira" title="Gomes de Sequeira">Gomes de Sequeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_%C3%81lvares" title="Gonçalo Álvares">Gonçalo Álvares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_Coelho" title="Gonçalo Coelho">Gonçalo Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Afonso_do_Estreito" title="João Afonso do Estreito">João Afonso do Estreito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_%C3%81lvares_Fagundes" title="João Álvares Fagundes">João Álvares Fagundes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_da_Gama" title="João da Gama">João da Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_da_Nova" title="João da Nova">João da Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Santar%C3%A9m" title="João de Santarém">João de Santarém</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Fernandes_Lavrador" title="João Fernandes Lavrador">João Fernandes Lavrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Grego" title="João Grego">João Grego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Infante" title="João Infante">João Infante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Serr%C3%A3o" title="João Serrão">João Serrão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Vaz_Corte-Real" title="João Vaz Corte-Real">João Vaz Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_%C3%81lvares" title="Jorge Álvares">Jorge Álvares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_de_Menezes" title="Jorge de Menezes">Jorge de Menezes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lopes_Gon%C3%A7alves" title="Lopes Gonçalves">Lopes Gonçalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louren%C3%A7o_de_Almeida" title="Lourenço de Almeida">Lourenço de Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Corte-Real" title="Miguel Corte-Real">Miguel Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolau_Coelho" title="Nicolau Coelho">Nicolau Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_da_Gama" title="Paulo da Gama">Paulo da Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral" title="Pedro Álvares Cabral">Pedro Álvares Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mascarenhas" title="Pedro Mascarenhas">Pedro Mascarenhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pero_Dias" title="Pero Dias">Pero Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pero_Escobar" title="Pero Escobar">Pero Escobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Paiva" title="Afonso de Paiva">Afonso de Paiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Serpa_Pinto" title="Alexandre de Serpa Pinto">Alexandre de Serpa Pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_%C3%81lvares_de_Almada" title="André Álvares de Almada">André Álvares de Almada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_%C3%81lvares" title="Francisco Álvares">Francisco Álvares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Barreto" title="Francisco Barreto">Francisco Barreto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Lacerda" title="Francisco de Lacerda">Francisco de Lacerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_da_Silveira" title="Gonçalo da Silveira">Gonçalo da Silveira</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hermenegildo Capelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Lobo" title="Jerónimo Lobo">Jerónimo Lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Alberto_de_Oliveira_Anchieta" title="José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta">José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Sapateiro" title="José Sapateiro">José Sapateiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louren%C3%A7o_Marques_(explorer)" title="Lourenço Marques (explorer)">Lourenço Marques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Dias_de_Novais" title="Paulo Dias de Novais">Paulo Dias de Novais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pero_da_Covilh%C3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Pero da Covilhã">Pero da Covilhã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Ivens" title="Roberto Ivens">Roberto Ivens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_de_Tovar" title="Sancho de Tovar">Sancho de Tovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silva_Porto_(explorer)" title="Silva Porto (explorer)">Silva Porto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Rodrigues_Ferreira" title="Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira">Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Raposo_Tavares" title="António Raposo Tavares">António Raposo Tavares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltasar_Fernandes" title="Baltasar Fernandes">Baltasar Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borba_Gato" title="Borba Gato">Borba Gato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A1s_Cubas" title="Brás Cubas">Brás Cubas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramuru" title="Caramuru">Diogo Álvares Correia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingos_Jorge_Velho" title="Domingos Jorge Velho">Domingos Jorge Velho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Coelho" title="Duarte Coelho">Duarte Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martim_Soares_Moreno" title="Martim Soares Moreno">Martim Soares Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Teixeira" title="Pedro Teixeira">Pedro Teixeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_da_Madalena" title="António da Madalena">António da Madalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Andrade" title="António de Andrade">António de Andrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bento_de_G%C3%B3is" title="Bento de Góis">Bento de Góis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogo_Veloso" title="Diogo Veloso">Diogo Veloso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Paes" title="Domingo Paes">Domingo Paes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_Cacella" title="Estêvão Cacella">Estêvão Cacella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A3o_Nunes" title="Fernão Nunes">Fernão Nunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeote_Pereira" title="Galeote Pereira">Galeote Pereira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Cabral" title="João Cabral">João Cabral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="wrap">In foreign service</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_del_Canto" title="Alberto del Canto">Alberto del Canto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleixo_Garcia" title="Aleixo Garcia">Aleixo Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_de_Cardoso" title="Antonio Díaz de Cardoso">Antonio Díaz de Cardoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_Gomes" title="Estêvão Gomes">Estêvão Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Casta%C3%B1o_de_Sosa" title="Gaspar Castaño de Sosa">Gaspar Castaño de Sosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ura" title="George Ura">George Ura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin%C3%A9s_de_Mafra" title="Ginés de Mafra">Ginés de Mafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Alfonse" title="Jean Alfonse">Jean Alfonse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_D%C3%ADaz_de_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Juan Díaz de Solís">Juan Díaz de Solís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Carvajal_y_de_la_Cueva" title="Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva">Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Vaz_de_Torres" title="Luís Vaz de Torres">Luís Vaz de Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Mederos" title="Manuel de Mederos">Manuel de Mederos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91u%C3%B1o_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Lobo" title="Ñuño Fernández Lobo">Ñuño Fernández Lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Fernandes_de_Queir%C3%B3s" title="Pedro Fernandes de Queirós">Pedro Fernandes de Queirós</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Rodrigues_Soromenho" title="Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho">Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese discoveries">Portuguese discoveries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250265#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250265#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250265#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081331514">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/54297982">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/381943/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrm8cxPd89yMvVVwv6BT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117672645">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n96099944">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb134830192">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb134830192">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20181009300&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/59046">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071369740">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/2037573">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007336996805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA14590343?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117672645.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/117672645">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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