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Charles Fisher (Canadian politician) - Wikipedia

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class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Fisher (Canadian politician)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fisher_(Politiker,_1808)" title="Charles Fisher (Politiker, 1808) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles Fisher (Politiker, 1808)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fisher_(homme_politique_canadien)" title="Charles Fisher (homme politique canadien) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles Fisher (homme politique canadien)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Father of Confederation. For the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, see <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Fisher_(Canadian_politician)" title="Charles W. Fisher (Canadian politician)">Charles W. Fisher (Canadian politician)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Charles Fisher, see <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fisher_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Charles Fisher (disambiguation)">Charles Fisher (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Charles Fisher</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:CharlesFisher23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/CharlesFisher23.jpg/220px-CharlesFisher23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/CharlesFisher23.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="284" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_Brunswick" title="Premier of New Brunswick">Premier of the Colony of New Brunswick</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 June 1857&#160;–&#32;19 March 1861</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Governor</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Manners-Sutton,_3rd_Viscount_Canterbury" title="John Manners-Sutton, 3rd Viscount Canterbury">John Manners-Sutton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Hamilton_Gray_(New_Brunswick_politician)" title="John Hamilton Gray (New Brunswick politician)">John Hamilton Gray</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Leonard_Tilley" title="Samuel Leonard Tilley">Samuel Leonard Tilley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 November 1854&#160;–&#32;May 1856</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Governor</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Manners-Sutton,_3rd_Viscount_Canterbury" title="John Manners-Sutton, 3rd Viscount Canterbury">John Manners-Sutton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Hamilton_Gray_(New_Brunswick_politician)" title="John Hamilton Gray (New Brunswick politician)">John Hamilton Gray</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">15 August or 16 September 1808<br /><a href="/wiki/Fredericton" title="Fredericton">Fredericton</a>, New Brunswick, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 December 1880<span style="display:none">(1880-12-08)</span> (aged&#160;72)<br />Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party" title="Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Ann Susanna Fisher <p>Clara Ariana Alice Fisher </p> Jane Maria Paulette Fraser</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fisher_(historian)" title="Peter Fisher (historian)">Peter Fisher</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Charles Fisher</b> (15 or 16 August September 1808 – 8 December 1880) was a politician and jurist of <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, Canada. Fisher was a leading <a href="/wiki/Reform_movement_(pre-Confederation_Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement (pre-Confederation Canada)">Reformer</a> of his day who headed the first <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a> in New Brunswick from 1854 to 1861. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Fisher_(Canadian_politician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles Fisher was born in <a href="/wiki/Fredericton" title="Fredericton">Fredericton</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, on either 16 August – 16 September 1808, to parents Peter Fisher and Susanna Williams.<sup id="cite_ref-DoCB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoCB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Fisher_(Canadian_politician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fisher was first elected to the colonial <a href="/wiki/Deliberative_assembly" title="Deliberative assembly">assembly</a> in 1837, serving from 1848 to 1850. During this time, Fisher wrote to his friend <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Howe" title="Joseph Howe">Joseph Howe</a> about the evil ways of the <a href="/wiki/Compact_government" title="Compact government">family compact</a> and on the irresponsible nature of the government and its politics. Fisher would become <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Official Opposition</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">Premier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of Canada">Attorney General</a> in 1854. His government implemented various reforms in education, administration and the electoral system. His government lost power in <a href="/wiki/1856_New_Brunswick_general_election" title="1856 New Brunswick general election">1856</a> when it tried to implement <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Canada" title="Prohibition in Canada">Prohibition</a> which proved unpopular with voters but he returned to power in <a href="/wiki/1857_New_Brunswick_general_election" title="1857 New Brunswick general election">1857</a>. His leadership ended in 1861 when he was ousted by fellow reformer <a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Tilley" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel L. Tilley">Samuel L. Tilley</a> due to a scandal over the leasing of crown lands. </p><p>Charles Fisher became a <a href="/wiki/Father_of_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Father of Confederation">Father of Confederation</a>, participating in the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Conference,_1864" title="Quebec Conference, 1864">Quebec Conference</a> of 1864 and the <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1866" title="London Conference of 1866">London Conference</a> of 1866 that drafted the <a href="/wiki/British_North_America_Act,_1867" class="mw-redirect" title="British North America Act, 1867">British North America Act</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> in 1867 as a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> but resigned his <a href="/wiki/Legislative_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative seat">seat</a> in 1868 to accept an appointment to the New Brunswick <a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">Supreme Court</a>. One of his notable decisions as a judge of the Court was his lone dissent in <i><a href="/wiki/Dow_v_Black" title="Dow v Black">Dow v Black</a></i>, a significant constitutional law case dealing with the federal-provincial division of powers. He would have upheld the constitutionality of a provincial statute dealing with municipal taxation, but the majority of the Court held the statute to be unconstitutional. However, his position was upheld on appeal by the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a>, at that time the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_last_resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of last resort">court of last resort</a> for the British Empire, which ruled that the statute was within provincial powers. In another case, <i>Ex parte Renaud</i>, he concurred in the Court's decision upholding the constitutionality of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Schools_Act_of_1871" title="Common Schools Act of 1871">Common Schools Act of 1871</a>. That decision was also upheld by the Judicial Committee, in <i><a href="/wiki/Maher_v_Town_Council_of_Portland" title="Maher v Town Council of Portland">Maher v Town Council of Portland</a></i>. </p><p>He declined an appointment to be Chief Justice of New Brunswick, remaining a puisne judge until his death at the age of 72. He was buried in the Forest Hill Cemetery in Fredericton, York County, New Brunswick, Canada. </p><p>His daughter, Jane M. Paulette Fisher, married future premier <a href="/wiki/John_James_Fraser" title="John James Fraser">John James Fraser</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Fisher_(Canadian_politician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DoCB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoCB_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWallace1972" class="citation journal cs1">Wallace, C. M. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/fisher_charles_10E.html">"Fisher, Charles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</a></i>. <b>10</b>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Laval" title="Université Laval">Université Laval</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&amp;rft.atitle=Fisher%2C+Charles&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft.aulast=Wallace&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+M.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Ffisher_charles_10E.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Fisher+%28Canadian+politician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Fisher_(Canadian_politician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hamilton_Gray_(New_Brunswick_politician)" title="John Hamilton Gray (New Brunswick politician)">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Leonard_Tilley" title="Samuel Leonard Tilley">S. L. Tilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_James_Smith" title="Albert James Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mitchell_(politician)" title="Peter Mitchell (politician)">P. Mitchell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canadian Province<br />(1867–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Rainsford_Wetmore" title="Andrew Rainsford Wetmore">Wetmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Edwin_King" title="George Edwin King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Luther_Hathaway" title="George Luther Hathaway">Hathaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Edwin_King" title="George Edwin King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Fraser" title="John James Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lionel_Hanington" title="Daniel Lionel Hanington">Hanington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_George_Blair" title="Andrew George Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mitchell_(Canadian_politician)" title="James Mitchell (Canadian politician)">J. Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Emmerson" title="Henry Emmerson">Emmerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_John_Tweedie" title="Lemuel John Tweedie">Tweedie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pugsley" title="William Pugsley">Pugsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_William_Robinson" title="Clifford William Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Hazen" class="mw-redirect" title="John Douglas Hazen">Hazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kidd_Flemming" title="James Kidd Flemming">J. Flemming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Johnson_Clarke" title="George Johnson Clarke">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_Murray" title="James Alexander Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Edward_Foster" title="Walter Edward Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Veniot" title="Peter Veniot">Veniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Babington_Macaulay_Baxter" title="John Babington Macaulay Baxter">Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dow_Richards" title="Charles Dow Richards">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Percy_de_Wolfe_Tilley" title="Leonard Percy de Wolfe Tilley">L. P. Tilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Dysart" title="Allison Dysart">Dysart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._McNair" title="John B. McNair">McNair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_John_Flemming" title="Hugh John Flemming">H. J. 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