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Disponibil în 56 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%9D_%E1%8C%BD%E1%88%95%E1%8D%88%E1%89%B5" title="ኦጋም ጽሕፈት – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦጋም ጽሕፈት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="أوجهام – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوجهام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Ogham" title="Surat Ogham – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Surat Ogham" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Агамічнае пісьмо – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Агамічнае пісьмо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Агамічнае пісьмо – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Агамічнае пісьмо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Огам – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Огам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%8C%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BC" title="Αλφάβητο Όγαμ – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλφάβητο Όγαμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogamo" title="Ogamo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ogamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اوگام – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوگام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham_(alfabet)" title="Ogham (alfabet) – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ogham (alfabet)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9D" title="אוגם – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוגם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogamsko_pismo" title="Ogamsko pismo – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ogamsko pismo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Օգամական գիր – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օգամական գիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_ogamico" title="Alfabeto ogamico – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto ogamico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="オガム文字 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オガム文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ოღამი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოღამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EA%B0%90_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="오감 문자 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오감 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogams" title="Ogams – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ogams" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham_(alfabet)" title="Ogham (alfabet) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ogham (alfabet)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham-skrift" title="Ogham-skrift – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ogham-skrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_ogamiczne" title="Pismo ogamiczne – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pismo ogamiczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Огамическое письмо – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Огамическое письмо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oghamov%C3%A9_p%C3%ADsmo" title="Oghamové písmo – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oghamové písmo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogamska_pisava" title="Ogamska pisava – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ogamska pisava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Огам – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Огам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรโอคัม – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรโอคัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Огам – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Огам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background-color: #fafafa"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><span style="margin-right:10px;"><a href="/wiki/Istoria_alfabetului" title="Istoria alfabetului">Istoria alfabetului</a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_proto-sinaitic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul proto-sinaitic — pagină inexistentă">Alfabetul proto-sinaitic</a> 1900 î.Hr. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_ugaritic" title="Alfabetul ugaritic">Ugaritic</a></i> 1500 î.Hr.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_proto-canaanit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul proto-canaanit — pagină inexistentă">Proto-canaanit</a> 1400 î.Hr.</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_fenician" title="Alfabetul fenician">Fenician</a></i> 1200 î.Hr. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_paleo-ebraic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul paleo-ebraic — pagină inexistentă">Paleo-ebraic</a></i> 1000 î.Hr. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_samaritean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul samaritean — pagină inexistentă">Samaritean </a> 600 î.Hr.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_aramaic" title="Alfabetul aramaic">Aramaic</a> 800 î.Hr. <ul><li><i><span title="Alfabetul Internațional pentru Transliterarea Sanscritei" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharo%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%ADh%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kharoṣṭhī — pagină inexistentă">Kharoṣṭhī</a></span></i> 600 î.Hr.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrierea_Br%C4%81hm%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scrierea Brāhmī — pagină inexistentă">Brāhmī</a></i> 600 î.Hr. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Familia_Br%C4%81hm%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Familia Brāhmī — pagină inexistentă">Familia Brāhmī</a> <i>(vezi)</i> <ul><li><small>de ex.</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_devanagari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul devanagari — pagină inexistentă">Devanagari</a> 1300 î.Hr.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_ebraic" title="Alfabetul ebraic">Ebraic</a> 300 î.Hr.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_Thaana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul Thaana — pagină inexistentă">Thaana</a> 400 î.Hr.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrierea_Pahlavi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scrierea Pahlavi — pagină inexistentă">Pahlavi</a> 300 î.Hr. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_Avestan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul Avestan — pagină inexistentă">Avestan</a> 400 î.Hr.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrierea_Palmyrene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scrierea Palmyrene — pagină inexistentă">Palmyrene</a></i> 200 î.Hr.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_siriac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul siriac — pagină inexistentă">Siriac</a> 200 î.Hr. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_sogdian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul sogdian — pagină inexistentă">Sogdian</a></i> 200 î.Hr. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrierea_turc%C4%83_veche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scrierea turcă veche — pagină inexistentă">Orkhon</a> (Turca veche)</i> 600 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrierea_maghiar%C4%83_veche" title="Scrierea maghiară veche">Maghiara veche</a></i> cca. 650</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_Uyghur_vechi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul Uyghur vechi — pagină inexistentă">Uyghur vechi</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_mongol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul mongol — pagină inexistentă">Mongol</a> 1204 AD</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_Nabataean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul Nabataean — pagină inexistentă">Nabataean</a></i> 200 î.Hr. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_arab" title="Alfabetul arab">Arab</a> 400 î.Hr.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandeeni" title="Mandeeni">Mandeic</a> 200 î.Hr.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_grec" title="Alfabetul grec">Grec</a> 800 î.Hr. <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_italian_vechi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul italian vechi — pagină inexistentă">Etrusc</a></i> 800 î.Hr. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_latin" title="Alfabetul latin">Latin</a> 700 î.Hr.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Run%C4%83" title="Rună">Runic</a></i> 200</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alfabetul celtic</a></i> 400</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_copt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul copt — pagină inexistentă">Copt</a> 300</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_gotic" title="Alfabetul gotic">Gotic</a> 300</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_armean" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabetul armean">Armean</a> 405</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_georgian" title="Alfabetul georgian">Georgian</a> cca. 430</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_glagolitic" title="Alfabetul glagolitic">Glagolitic</a></i> 862</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_chirilic" title="Alfabetul chirilic">Chirilic</a> cca. 940</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrierea_paleohispanic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scrierea paleohispanică — pagină inexistentă">Paleohispanic</a></i> (semi-silabic) 700 î.Hr.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_sud-arabic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul sud-arabic — pagină inexistentă">Epigrafia sud-arabică</a> 900 î.Hr. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_Ge%27ez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul Ge'ez — pagină inexistentă">Ge’ez</a> 5–600 AD</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrierea_Meroitic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scrierea Meroitică — pagină inexistentă">Meroitic</a></i> (din <a href="/wiki/Hieroglife_egiptene" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglife egiptene">egipteană</a>) 300 î.Hr.</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> 800</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> (parțial din Brāhmī) 1443</div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_Cherokee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetul Cherokee — pagină inexistentă">Alfabetul Cherokee</a> 1827 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhuyin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhuyin — pagină inexistentă">Zhuyin</a> (<small>sau</small> Bopomofo, din <a href="/wiki/Caracter_chinez" title="Caracter chinez">chineză</a>) 1913</div>  </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"> <span class="noprint plainlinks" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Istoria_alfabetului" title="Format:Istoria alfabetului"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Istoria_alfabetului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Istoria alfabetului — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Istoria_alfabetului&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";">m</span></a></span>  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg/350px-All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg/525px-All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg/700px-All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1532" data-file-height="1277" /></a><figcaption>Alfabetul Ogham</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Alfabetul celtic</b> (sau <b>Ogham</b>) a apărut în <a href="/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda">Irlanda</a> cândva între <a href="/wiki/Secolul_I" title="Secolul I">secolul I</a> și <a href="/wiki/Secolul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul II">II</a> d.Hr. deși unii cercetători afirmă că ar putea avea o istorie mult mai veche. </p><p>Dovezile arheologice arată că Ogham era folosit în special în inscripțiile mormintelor și marcarea hotarelor. Alte probe arată că alfabetul era folosit și de druizi pentru notarea poveștilor, legendelor istorice, poeziilor, arborilor genealogici, etc. </p><p>Numele alfabetului, Ogham sau Ogam, derivă din numele zeului celt al literaturii și al elocinței, <a href="/wiki/Ogma" title="Ogma">Ogma</a>, căruia i se atribuie în mod tradițional și descoperirea lui. Literele sunt compuse din liniuțe lipite de o linie mediană care le întretaie pe toate. O literă poate conține de la una pâna la 5 liniuțe orizontale. Vocalele erau uneori descrise ca și combinații de puncte. Linia mediană era de obicei muchia obiectului pe care era scris sau încrustat textul. Textul era apoi citit de sus în jos, de la stânga la dreapta. </p><p>Fiecare din cele 20 de litere ale alfabetului poartă numele unui arbore dar nu toți acești arbori se găseau în Insulele Britanice în momentul în care istoricii presupun că s-a format acest alfabet. Acest fapt alimentează speculațiile conform cărora alfabetul celtic a apărut înaintea primului secol al erei noastre. </p><p>În prezent există 369 de vestigii arheologice inscripționate cu alfabetul Ogham, cele mai multe în <a href="/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda">Irlanda</a> dar și în <a href="/wiki/Sco%C8%9Bia" title="Scoția">Scoția</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insula_Man" title="Insula Man">Insula Man</a> și sudul <a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aara_Galilor" title="Țara Galilor">Țării Galilor</a>, Devonshire și Silichester. Inscripții asemănătoare, vechi de 2500 de ani, au fost găsite în <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a> și <a href="/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia">Portugalia</a>. Se pare că din aceasta zonă a Peninsulei Iberice proveneau celții care mai târziu s-au stabilit în Irlanda. Descoperirea unor inscripții asemănătoare în statul Virginia de Vest din <a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">SUA</a> a condus la anumite teorii conform cărora celții ar fi ajuns în Lumea Nouă încă din anul 100 î.Hr. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_celtic&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_celtic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ogham.htm">Alfabetul celtic</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_celtic&oldid=14926065">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfabetul_celtic&oldid=14926065</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alfabete" title="Categorie:Alfabete">Alfabete</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Limbi_celtice" title="Categorie:Limbi celtice">Limbi celtice</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 8 mai 2022, ora 08:52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. 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