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id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>應用</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-應用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关應用子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-天文學研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#天文學研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>天文學研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-天文學研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-灭菌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#灭菌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>灭菌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-灭菌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-医疗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#医疗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>医疗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-医疗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">伽马射线</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。98种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammastraling" title="Gammastraling – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gammastraling" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="أشعة غاما – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أشعة غاما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7_%D8%AF_%DD%A3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="شعا د ݣاما – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="شعا د ݣاما" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiaci%C3%B3n_gamma" title="Radiación gamma – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Radiación gamma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qamma_%C5%9F%C3%BCalanma" title="Qamma şüalanma – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qamma şüalanma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C" title="قاما ایشیقی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قاما ایشیقی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunar_gamma" title="Sunar gamma – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Sunar gamma" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gama_sp%C4%97ndol%C4%93" title="Gama spėndolē – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gama spėndolē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Гама-выпраменьванне – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гама-выпраменьванне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Гама-выпраменьваньне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гама-выпраменьваньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Гама-лъчи – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гама-лъчи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="গামা রশ্মি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গামা রশ্মি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gama_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Gama zračenje – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gama zračenje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiaci%C3%B3_gamma" title="Radiació gamma – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Radiació gamma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="تیشکی گاما – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تیشکی گاما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1%C5%99en%C3%AD_gama" title="Záření gama – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Záření gama" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Гамма-пайăркалав – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гамма-пайăркалав" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammastr%C3%A5ling" title="Gammastråling – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gammastråling" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammastrahlung" title="Gammastrahlung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gammastrahlung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%B3" title="Ακτίνες γ – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ακτίνες γ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gamma ray" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gama-radiado" title="Gama-radiado – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gama-radiado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayos_gamma" title="Rayos gamma – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rayos gamma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammakiirgus" title="Gammakiirgus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gammakiirgus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_izpi" title="Gamma izpi – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gamma izpi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="پرتو گاما – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرتو گاما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammas%C3%A4teily" title="Gammasäteily – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gammasäteily" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayon_gamma" title="Rayon gamma – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rayon gamma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1marada%C3%ADocht" title="Gámaradaíocht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gámaradaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiaci%C3%B3n_gamma" title="Radiación gamma – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Radiación gamma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gamma ray" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%90" title="קרינת גמא – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרינת גמא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="गामा किरण – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गामा किरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Gamma ray" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gama-%C4%8Destica" title="Gama-čestica – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gama-čestica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyon_gama" title="Reyon gama – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Reyon gama" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-sug%C3%A1rz%C3%A1s" title="Gamma-sugárzás – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gamma-sugárzás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B4%D5%A1_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Գամմա ճառագայթներ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գամմա ճառագայթներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_gamma" title="Radiation gamma – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Radiation gamma" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sinar gama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammageisli" title="Gammageisli – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gammageisli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggi_gamma" title="Raggi gamma – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Raggi gamma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E7%B7%9A" title="ガンマ線 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガンマ線" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90-%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="გამა-გამოსხივება – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გამა-გამოსხივება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D1%81%D3%99%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гамма-сәулелер – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гамма-сәулелер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EB%A7%88%EC%84%A0" title="감마선 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="감마선" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83" title="Гамма нурлануу – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гамма нурлануу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiatio_gamma" title="Radiatio gamma – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Radiatio gamma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammastraoling" title="Gammastraoling – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gammastraoling" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raggi_gamma" title="Raggi gamma – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Raggi gamma" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2" title="ແສງແກມມາ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແສງແກມມາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gama_spinduliai" title="Gama spinduliai – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gama spinduliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_stari" title="Gamma stari – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gamma stari" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Гама-зрачење – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гама-зрачење" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="ഗാമാ കിരണം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗാമാ കിരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Гамма цацраг – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гамма цацраг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="गॅमा किरण – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गॅमा किरण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sinar gama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA" title="ဂမ်မာရောင်ခြည် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂမ်မာရောင်ခြည်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammastrahlen" title="Gammastrahlen – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gammastrahlen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammastraling" title="Gammastraling – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gammastraling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammastr%C3%A5ling" title="Gammastråling – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gammastråling" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammastr%C3%A5ling" title="Gammastråling – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gammastråling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਗਾਮਾ ਕਿਰਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਾਮਾ ਕਿਰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promieniowanie_gamma" title="Promieniowanie gamma – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Promieniowanie gamma" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raj_gama" title="Raj gama – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Raj gama" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%B1%DB%92" title="گیما رے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گیما رے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%88%DA%93%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%87" title="د ګاما وړانګه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ګاما وړانګه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_gama" title="Radiação gama – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Radiação gama" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wach%27i" title="Gamma wach'i – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Gamma wach'i" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radia%C8%9Bie_gama" title="Radiație gama – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Radiație gama" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Гамма-излучение – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гамма-излучение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gamma ray" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gama-%C4%8Destica" title="Gama-čestica – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gama-čestica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB" title="ගැමා කිරණ – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගැමා කිරණ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gamma ray" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiarenie_gama" title="Žiarenie gama – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Žiarenie gama" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDarek_gama" title="Žarek gama – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Žarek gama" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rrezet_gama" title="Rrezet gama – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rrezet gama" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Гама зрачење – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гама зрачење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinar_gamma" title="Sinar gamma – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sinar gamma" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gammastr%C3%A5lning" title="Gammastrålning – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gammastrålning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="காம்மா கதிர் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காம்மா கதிர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="గామా కిరణాలు – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గామా కిరణాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80" title="Гамма-нур – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гамма-нур" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="รังสีแกมมา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รังสีแกมมา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinag_gamma" title="Sinag gamma – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sinag gamma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gama_%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1" title="Gama ışını – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gama ışını" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Гамма-нурланыш – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гамма-нурланыш" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Гамма-промені – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гамма-промені" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-nurlanish" title="Gamma-nurlanish – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gamma-nurlanish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tia_gamma" title="Tia gamma – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tia gamma" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rais_gama" title="Rais gama – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rais gama" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayos_Gamma" title="Rayos Gamma – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rayos Gamma" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="伽马射线 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伽马射线" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" title="伽馬射線 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="伽馬射線" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a 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.ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_English plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray" class="extiw" title="en:Gamma ray">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Upshot-Knothole_-_Badger_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Operation_Upshot-Knothole_-_Badger_001.jpg/220px-Operation_Upshot-Knothole_-_Badger_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Operation_Upshot-Knothole_-_Badger_001.jpg/330px-Operation_Upshot-Knothole_-_Badger_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Operation_Upshot-Knothole_-_Badger_001.jpg/440px-Operation_Upshot-Knothole_-_Badger_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="969" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="核裂變">核裂變</a>時會產生並釋放出伽瑪射線</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cont_emspec2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cont_emspec2.jpg/220px-Cont_emspec2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cont_emspec2.jpg/330px-Cont_emspec2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cont_emspec2.jpg/440px-Cont_emspec2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption>圖中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2%E8%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="电磁波谱">電磁波谱</a>顯示各種頻率的性質</figcaption></figure> <p><b>伽瑪射線</b>（或<b><span lang="el">γ</span>射線</b>）是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="原子">原子</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">衰變</a>裂解時放出的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="射线">射線</a>之一。此種<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="電磁波">電磁波</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="波長">波長</a>在0.01<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E7%B1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="奈米">奈米</a>以下，穿透力很強<sup id="cite_ref-劉文光2018_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-劉文光2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，又攜帶高<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a>，容易造成生物體<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="細胞">細胞</a>內的<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%AB%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="脫氧核糖核酸">脫氧核糖核酸</a>（DNA）斷裂進而引起<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%AA%81%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="基因突变">基因突变</a>，因此也可以作醫療之用。<sup id="cite_ref-千華數位文化陳名2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-千華數位文化陳名2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1900年由法國科學家<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94" title="保罗·维拉尔">保罗·维拉尔</a>發現，他將含<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="鐳">鐳</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%8B%87" title="氯化鋇">氯化鋇</a>通過<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E6%A5%B5%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" title="陰極射線">陰極射線</a>，從照片記錄上看到<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="輻射">輻射</a>穿過0.2毫米的<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>箔，拉塞福稱這一貫穿力非常強的輻射為γ射線，是繼<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Α射线">α射線</a>、<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Β射线">β射線</a>後發現的第三種原子核射線。<sup id="cite_ref-English2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1913年，γ射線被證實為是電磁波，波長短于0.2 <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83" class="mw-redirect" title="埃">埃</a>，本質上和X射線是同一射線，只是γ射線與X射線的來源不同而已。 </p><p>γ射線通過物質並與原子相互作用時會產生<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%9B%BB%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="光電效應">光電效應</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%A0%93%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="康普頓效應">康普頓效應</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%B2%A0%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%B0%8D%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="正負電子對效應">正負電子對效應</a>。γ射線即使使用較厚材料阻挡一般也仍然有部分射線泄漏，所以通常只能用半吸收厚度来定量材料的阻隔效果。半吸收厚度是指入射射线强度减弱到一半時阻隔物体的厚度。半吸收厚度其数值 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d\left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)={\frac {\ln 2}{\gamma }}\approx {\frac {0.693}{\gamma }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mi>γ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>≈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>0.693</mn> <mi>γ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d\left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)={\frac {\ln 2}{\gamma }}\approx {\frac {0.693}{\gamma }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/76ce1048fa87302cc4d307056756576e5a056344" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:23.678ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d\left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)={\frac {\ln 2}{\gamma }}\approx {\frac {0.693}{\gamma }}}"></span> ，μ表示阻隔物材料的射线吸收系数。材料的射线吸收系数与射线频率、能量以及材料种类有关，一般原子序数高和密度高的元素构成的材料其γ射线吸收系数也较高。普通放射源如Cs-137放射源产生的γ射线在铝、铁、铜、铅中的半吸收厚度分别约为3.2cm、2.6cm、1.4cm和0.6cm。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="應用"><span id=".E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>應用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gamma_Decay.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gamma_Decay.svg/220px-Gamma_Decay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gamma_Decay.svg/330px-Gamma_Decay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gamma_Decay.svg/440px-Gamma_Decay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption>伽馬射線</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation.svg/220px-Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation.svg/330px-Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation.svg/440px-Alfa_beta_gamma_radiation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>α粒子相當於氦的原子核可被紙所阻擋，β粒子相當於電子可被鋁箔所阻擋，γ射線則具有高穿透性。</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="天文學研究"><span id=".E5.A4.A9.E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>天文學研究</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：天文學研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>當人類觀察太空時，看到的為「可見光」，然而電磁波譜的大部份是由不同輻射組成，當中的輻射的波長有較可見光長，亦有較短，大部份單靠肉眼並不能看到。通過探測伽瑪射線能提供肉眼所看不到的太空影像。 </p><p>在太空中產生的伽瑪射線是由恒星核心的核聚變產生的，因為無法穿透地球大氣層，因此無法到達地球的低層大氣層，只能在太空中被探測到。太空中的伽瑪射線是在1967年由一顆名為「維拉斯」的人造衛星首次觀測到。從20世紀70年代初由不同人造衛星所探測到的伽瑪射線圖片，提供了關於幾百顆此前並未發現到的恒星及可能的黑洞。於90年代發射的人造衛星（包括康普頓伽瑪射線觀測台），提供了關於超新星、年輕星團、類星體等不同的天文信息。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="灭菌"><span id=".E7.81.AD.E8.8F.8C"></span>灭菌</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：灭菌"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>伽马射线具有穿透性和对生物细胞的破坏作用，因此被用于对医疗用品、化妆品、香料进行灭菌。通常使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4-60" class="mw-redirect" title="钴-60">钴-60</a>作为辐射源头。具有灭菌速度快、灭菌彻底，无化学残留无环境污染等优点。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="医疗"><span id=".E5.8C.BB.E7.96.97"></span>医疗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：医疗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>傳統放射治療有在使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B7-60" title="鈷-60">鈷-60</a>作為單一射源進行治療病人；現在已經較少使用。伽马射线立体定向放射治疗，又称为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%80" class="mw-redirect" title="伽馬刀">伽马刀</a>，屬於使用多顆<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B7-60" title="鈷-60">鈷-60</a>來同時照射病人，而病人需要戴上特定的定位器，用于对特定<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="肿瘤">肿瘤</a>（大部份為頭部肿瘤）患者的治疗。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-劉文光2018-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-劉文光2018_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">劉文光. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P_1FDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT121">多彩的物理世界</a>. 崧博出版事業有限公司. 9 January 2018: 121– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-11</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-986-492-986-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-986-492-986-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-986-492-986-3</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501235727/https://books.google.com/books?id=P_1FDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT121">存档</a>于2019-05-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF&rft.au=%E5%8A%89%E6%96%87%E5%85%89&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%9A%E5%BD%A9%E7%9A%84%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C&rft.date=2018-01-09&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-986-492-986-3&rft.pages=121-&rft.pub=%E5%B4%A7%E5%8D%9A%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP_1FDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT121&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-千華數位文化陳名2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-千華數位文化陳名2019_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">千華數位文化; 陳名; [國民營事業招考]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_xyPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA427">108年普通化學實力養成</a>. 千華數位文化. 5 April 2019: 427– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-11</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-986-487-662-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-986-487-662-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-986-487-662-4</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501152217/https://books.google.com/books?id=_xyPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA427">存档</a>于2019-05-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF&rft.au=%5B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E7%87%9F%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%8B%9B%E8%80%83%5D&rft.au=%E5%8D%83%E8%8F%AF%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E5%90%8D&rft.btitle=108%E5%B9%B4%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%AF%A6%E5%8A%9B%E9%A4%8A%E6%88%90&rft.date=2019-04-05&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-986-487-662-4&rft.pages=427-&rft.pub=%E5%8D%83%E8%8F%AF%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_xyPDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA427&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-English2016-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-English2016_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Neil English. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1tF2DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA6">Space Telescopes: Capturing the Rays of the Electromagnetic Spectrum</a>. Springer. 8 November 2016: 6– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-11</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-319-27814-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-319-27814-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-3-319-27814-8</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501235852/https://books.google.com/books?id=1tF2DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA6">存档</a>于2019-05-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF&rft.au=Neil+English&rft.btitle=Space+Telescopes%3A+Capturing+the+Rays+of+the+Electromagnetic+Spectrum&rft.date=2016-11-08&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-319-27814-8&rft.pages=6-&rft.pub=Springer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1tF2DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zyzhan.com/news/Detail/60476.html">提高制药品质辐射灭菌技术优势突出_制药工业,制药设备,灭菌器-中国制药网</a>. www.zyzhan.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501232950/http://www.zyzhan.com/news/Detail/60476.html">存档</a>于2019-05-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF&rft.atitle=%E6%8F%90%E9%AB%98%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF%E5%93%81%E8%B4%A8+%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E7%81%AD%E8%8F%8C%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BC%98%E5%8A%BF%E7%AA%81%E5%87%BA_%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%2C%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%2C%E7%81%AD%E8%8F%8C%E5%99%A8-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF%E7%BD%91&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.zyzhan.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zyzhan.com%2Fnews%2FDetail%2F60476.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.163.com/15/1102/12/B7DS636M00014SEH.html">精准伽玛刀对付脑疾有一手_网易新闻</a>. news.163.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501155611/http://news.163.com/15/1102/12/B7DS636M00014SEH.html">存档</a>于2019-05-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF&rft.atitle=%E7%B2%BE%E5%87%86%E4%BC%BD%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%80%E5%AF%B9%E4%BB%98%E8%84%91%E7%96%BE%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%80%E6%89%8B_%E7%BD%91%E6%98%93%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.163.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.163.com%2F15%2F1102%2F12%2FB7DS636M00014SEH.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="references-small"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><cite class="citation book">Phillis Engelbert & Diane L. Dupuis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handyspaceanswer00phil">The Handy Space Answer Book</a>. Visible Ink Press LLC. 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BC%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF&rft.au=Phillis+Engelbert+%26+Diane+L.+Dupuis&rft.btitle=The+Handy+Space+Answer+Book&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Visible+Ink+Press+LLC.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandyspaceanswer00phil&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Linear_visible_spectrum-zh-%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="可見光頻譜,紫色波長最短,紅色波長最長。"><img alt="可見光頻譜,紫色波長最短,紅色波長最長。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Linear_visible_spectrum-zh-%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1.svg/400px-Linear_visible_spectrum-zh-%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Linear_visible_spectrum-zh-%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1.svg/600px-Linear_visible_spectrum-zh-%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Linear_visible_spectrum-zh-%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1.svg/800px-Linear_visible_spectrum-zh-%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="107" /></a><figcaption>可見光頻譜,紫色波長最短,紅色波長最長。</figcaption></figure><div style="clear:both;"></div><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">伽瑪射線</a>⇐|<a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="X射線">X射線</a><sup><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="X射線">X射線</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%ADX%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="短X射線（页面不存在）">短X射線</a></sup>|<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF" title="紫外线">紫外线</a>|<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E8%89%B2" title="紫色">紫色</a>|<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E8%89%B2" title="藍色">藍色</a>|<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9B%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="靛色">靛色</a>|<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2" title="綠色">綠色</a>|<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="黃色">黃色</a>|<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%99%E8%89%B2" title="橙色">橙色</a>|<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="紅色">紅色</a>|<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紅外線">紅外線</a>|⇒<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="無線電波">無線電波</a><sup><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E7%B1%B3%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="毫米波">毫米波</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2" title="微波">微波</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%B5%E8%B6%85%E7%9F%AD%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="極超短波（页面不存在）">極超短波</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%9F%AD%E6%B3%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="超短波">超短波</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E6%B3%A2" title="短波">短波</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B3%A2" title="中波">中波</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B3%A2" title="長波">長波</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E9%95%B7%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超長波（页面不存在）">超長波</a></sup> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="電磁波譜" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible {{{state}}} navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EMSpectrum" title="Template:EMSpectrum"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EMSpectrum" title="Template talk:EMSpectrum"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:EMSpectrum" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:EMSpectrum"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="電磁波譜" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2%E8%AD%9C" title="電磁波譜">電磁波譜</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">伽马射线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="X射线">X射线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF" title="紫外线">紫外线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E5%85%89" title="可见光">可见光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF" title="红外线">红外线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2" title="微波">微波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="无线电">无线电波</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg/500px-Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg/750px-Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg/1000px-Frequency_vs._wave_length.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="104" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><i><big>←</big> 波长越短<span class="nowrap">       </span>波长越长 <big>→</big></i><br /><i><big>←</big> 频率越高<span class="nowrap">       </span>频率越低 <big>→</big></i> </p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E5%85%89" title="可见光">可见光</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2" title="红色">红</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%99%E8%89%B2" title="橙色">橙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%89%B2" title="黄色">黄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2" title="綠色">绿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%89%B2" title="青色">青</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E8%89%B2" title="藍色">藍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E8%89%B2" title="紫色">紫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2" title="微波">微波</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="W波段" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="W band"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%E6%B3%A2%E6%AE%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W波段（页面不存在）">W波段</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_band" class="extiw" title="en:W band"><span lang="en" dir="auto">W band</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="V波段" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="V band"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%E6%B3%A2%E6%AE%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V波段（页面不存在）">V波段</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_band" class="extiw" title="en:V band"><span lang="en" dir="auto">V band</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Q波段" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Q band"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Q%E6%B3%A2%E6%AE%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Q波段（页面不存在）">Q波段</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_band" class="extiw" title="en:Q band"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Q band</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%E6%B3%A2%E6%AE%B5" title="Ka波段">Ka波段</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E6%B3%A2%E6%AE%B5" class="mw-disambig" title="K波段">K波段</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku%E6%B3%A2%E6%AE%B5" title="Ku波段">Ku波段</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E6%B3%A2%E6%AE%B5" title="X波段">X波段</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%E6%B3%A2%E6%AE%B5" title="S波段">S波段</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E6%B3%A2%E6%AE%B5" title="C波段">C波段</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%E6%B3%A2%E6%AE%B5" title="L波段">L波段</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="頻率 (物理學)">頻率</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E8%B5%AB%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="太赫輻射">兆赫輻射</a>（THF）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E9%AB%98%E9%A0%BB" title="極高頻">极高频</a>（EHF）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%AB%98%E9%A0%BB" title="超高頻">超高频</a>（SHF）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E9%AB%98%E9%A0%BB" title="特高頻">特高频</a>（UHF）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9A%E9%AB%98%E9%A0%BB" title="甚高頻">甚高频</a>（VHF）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%A0%BB" title="高頻">高頻</a>（HF）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%A0%BB" title="中頻">中頻</a>（MF）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%A0%BB" title="低頻">低頻</a>（LF）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9A%E4%BD%8E%E9%A2%91" title="甚低频">甚低频</a>（VLF）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E4%BD%8E%E9%A0%BB" title="特低頻">特低頻</a>（ULF）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%BD%8E%E9%A0%BB" title="超低頻">超低頻</a>（SLF）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E4%BD%8E%E9%A0%BB" title="極低頻">極低頻</a>（ELF）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E9%95%BF" title="波长">波长</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2" title="微波">微波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E6%B3%A2" title="短波">短波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B3%A2" title="中波">中波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B3%A2" title="長波">長波</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="原子核物理学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:原子核物理学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:原子核物理学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:原子核物理学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="原子核物理学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子核物理学">原子核物理学</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90" title="核子">核子</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">n</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8A%9B" title="核力">核力</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="原子核结构" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nuclear structure"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原子核结构（页面不存在）">原子核结构</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_structure" class="extiw" title="en:Nuclear structure"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nuclear structure</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="核反应">核反应</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">核模型</a>和稳定性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%BB%B4%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="液滴模型">液滴模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="核殼層模型">核殼層模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E8%83%BD" title="核结合能">核结合能</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中子-质子比率" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neutron–proton ratio"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90-%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E6%AF%94%E7%8E%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中子-质子比率（页面不存在）">中子-质子比率</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%E2%80%93proton_ratio" class="extiw" title="en:Neutron–proton ratio"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neutron–proton ratio</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E6%BB%B4%E7%BA%BF" title="原子核滴线">原子核滴线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%B2%9B" title="稳定岛">稳定岛</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CNO_Cycle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CNO_Cycle.svg/langzh-160px-CNO_Cycle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CNO_Cycle.svg/langzh-240px-CNO_Cycle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/CNO_Cycle.svg/langzh-320px-CNO_Cycle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B4%A0" title="核素">核素</a>分类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a>（有相同的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0" title="原子序数">質子數</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E9%87%8F%E7%B4%A0" title="同量素">同量素</a>（有相同的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E6%95%B8" title="質量數">質量數</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E7%B4%A0" title="同中子素">同中子素</a>（有相同的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%95%B8" title="中子數">中子數</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%8C%E8%B4%A8%E5%BC%82%E8%83%BD%E7%B4%A0" title="核同质异能素">核同质异能素</a>（有相同的質子數及中子數，但<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%9A%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="能階">核能態</a>不同）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="镜像核" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mirror nuclei"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E6%A0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="镜像核（页面不存在）">镜像核</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_nuclei" class="extiw" title="en:Mirror nuclei"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mirror nuclei</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">衰變過程</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">尋常衰變</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α衰变</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Α粒子">α粒子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Β衰变">β衰变</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Β粒子">β粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="正电子发射">正电子发射</a>（β<sup>+</sup>衰变）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="电子俘获">电子俘获</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E7%91%AA%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" title="伽瑪衰變">γ衰变</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">γ射线</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特殊衰變</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%84" title="中子發射">中子發射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="质子发射">质子发射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%CE%B2%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" title="雙β衰變">雙β衰變</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="双电子俘获" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Double electron capture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8C%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="双电子俘获（页面不存在）">双电子俘获</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_electron_capture" class="extiw" title="en:Double electron capture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Double electron capture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%99%BC%E8%A3%82%E8%AE%8A" title="自發裂變">自發分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%87%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="簇衰变">簇衰变</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="內转换" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Internal conversion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內转换（页面不存在）">內转换</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_conversion" class="extiw" title="en:Internal conversion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Internal conversion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E8%B4%A8%E5%BC%82%E8%83%BD%E8%B7%83%E8%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="同质异能跃迁">同质异能跃迁</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E9%8F%88" title="衰變鏈">衰變鏈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">衰变产物</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">捕獲過程</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="电子俘获">电子俘获</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="中子俘获">中子俘获</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="质子俘获" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Proton capture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="质子俘获（页面不存在）">质子俘获</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_capture" class="extiw" title="en:Proton capture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Proton capture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="R過程">r過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="S過程">s過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="P過程">p過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rp%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="Rp過程">rp過程</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98" title="核裂变">分裂</a>過程</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%99%BC%E8%A3%82%E8%AE%8A" title="自發裂變">自發分裂</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="散裂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spallation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A3%E8%A3%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="散裂（页面不存在）">散裂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spallation" class="extiw" title="en:Spallation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spallation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E6%95%A3%E8%A3%82" title="宇宙射線散裂">宇宙射線散裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%87%B4%E8%9B%BB%E8%AE%8A" title="光致蛻變">光致蛻變</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="核合成">核合成</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%88%9D%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="太初核合成">太初核合成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="恆星核合成">恆星核合成</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E2%80%94%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90%E9%8F%88%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="質子—質子鏈反應">質子—質子鏈反應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="碳氮氧循環">碳氮氧循環</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" title="氦融合">氦融合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E6%A0%B8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="氦核作用">氦核作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%E6%B0%A6%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="3氦過程">3氦過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" title="碳聚变">碳燃燒過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96%E7%87%83%E7%87%92%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="氖燃燒過程">氖燃燒過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E7%87%83%E7%87%92%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="氧燃燒過程">氧燃燒過程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD%E7%87%83%E7%87%92%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="矽燃燒過程">矽燃燒過程</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="超新星核合成">超新星核合成</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%83%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="千新星核合成（页面不存在）">千新星核合成</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:核物理學家">核物理學家</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E7%89%B9" title="汉斯·贝特">汉斯·贝特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%92" title="亨利·貝克勒">亨利·贝可勒尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E5%AD%99" title="克林顿·戴维孙">克林顿·戴维孙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="玛丽·居里">玛丽·居里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="皮埃尔·居里">皮埃尔·居里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5-%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="弗雷德里克·约里奥-居里">弗雷德里克·约里奥-居里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E9%9B%B7%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5-%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="伊雷娜·约里奥-居里">伊雷娜·约里奥-居里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3" title="恩里科·费米">恩里科·费米</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E9%BB%98" title="罗伯特·奥本海默">罗伯特·奥本海默</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E7%91%9F%E7%A6%8F" title="欧内斯特·卢瑟福">欧内斯特·卢瑟福</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C2%B7J%C2%B7%E6%B9%AF%E5%A7%86%E6%A3%AE" title="J·J·湯姆森">约瑟夫·汤姆孙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92" title="愛德華·泰勒">愛德華·泰勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF" title="欧内斯特·劳伦斯">欧内斯特·劳伦斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%89%E6%B3%BD%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%B3" title="莉泽·迈特纳">莉泽·迈特纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%81%A9" title="奥托·哈恩">奥托·哈恩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E7%8F%80%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="爱德华·珀塞尔">爱德华·珀塞尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF" title="欧内斯特·沃尔顿">欧内斯特·沃尔顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%80%83%E5%85%8B%E9%A5%B6%E5%A4%AB" title="约翰·考克饶夫">约翰·考克饶夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="弗里茨·施特拉斯曼">弗里茨·施特拉斯曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E8%8A%AC%E7%89%B9" title="马克·奥利芬特">马克·奥利芬特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:原子核物理学">原子核物理学分類</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:物理学">物理学主題</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="輻射（物理與健康）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radiation" title="Template:Radiation"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radiation" title="Template talk:Radiation"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Radiation" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Radiation"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="輻射（物理與健康）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="輻射">輻射</a>（物理與健康）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主文章</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B8%B8%E9%9B%A2%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="非游離輻射">非游離輻射</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E5%8A%9B" title="聲放射力">聲放射力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E5%85%89" title="可见光">可见光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紅外線">紅外線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2" title="微波">微波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="无线电">無線電波</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E9%9B%A2%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="游離輻射">游離輻射</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Α粒子">α粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="背景輻射">背景輻射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Β粒子">β粒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%B7%9A" title="宇宙線">宇宙射線</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">γ射线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98" title="核裂变">核分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%81%9A%E5%8F%98" title="核聚变">核融合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="核反應爐">核反應爐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">核武器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="粒子加速器">粒子加速器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E6%A0%B8%E7%B4%A0" title="放射性核素">放射性同位素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="放射性元素">放射性元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="X射线">X射线</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E6%94%B6%E6%94%AF" title="地球能量收支">地球輻射平衡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2" title="电磁波">电磁波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" title="熱輻射">熱輻射</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">輻射與健康</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%81%A5%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" title="保健物理">保健物理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="輻射劑量學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dosimetry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84%E5%8A%91%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="輻射劑量學（页面不存在）">輻射劑量學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosimetry" class="extiw" title="en:Dosimetry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dosimetry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E5%AF%B9%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B1%E5%AE%B3" title="电磁辐射对健康的危害">電磁輻射與健康</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雷射安全性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laser safety"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%84%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷射安全性（页面不存在）">雷射安全性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_safety" class="extiw" title="en:Laser safety"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laser safety</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雷射與航空安全性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lasers and aviation safety"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%84%E8%88%87%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷射與航空安全性（页面不存在）">雷射與航空安全性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasers_and_aviation_safety" class="extiw" title="en:Lasers and aviation safety"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lasers and aviation safety</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="醫學X射線攝影術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medical radiography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8X%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="醫學X射線攝影術（页面不存在）">醫學X射線攝影術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_radiography" class="extiw" title="en:Medical radiography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medical radiography</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E5%AF%B9%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B1%E5%AE%B3" title="移动电话辐射对健康的危害">移动电话辐射对健康的危害</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%97%87" title="急性辐射综合症">急性辐射综合症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="放射治療">放射治療</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="放射性與生命科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Radioactivity in the life sciences"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%88%87%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="放射性與生命科學（页面不存在）">放射性與生命科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivity_in_the_life_sciences" class="extiw" title="en:Radioactivity in the life sciences"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Radioactivity in the life sciences</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="放射性污染">放射性污染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="放射生物學">放射生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97" title="西弗">生物劑量單位和數量</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="無線電子設備與健康" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wireless electronic devices and health"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E7%B7%9A%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A8%AD%E5%82%99%E8%88%87%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無線電子設備與健康（页面不存在）">無線電子設備與健康</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_electronic_devices_and_health" class="extiw" title="en:Wireless electronic devices and health"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wireless electronic devices and health</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關文章</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%BA%90" title="放射源">放射源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="原子核物理学">原子核物理学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="抗輻射" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Radiation hardening"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%97%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" 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