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href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">公民</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。109种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109種閒話</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgerskap" title="Burgerskap – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Burgerskap" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A9" title="مواطنة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مواطنة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%87" title="مواطنه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مواطنه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="নাগৰিকত্ব – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নাগৰিকত্ব" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B8" title="ВатӀанчилъи – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ВатӀанчилъи" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C9%99t%C9%99nda%C5%9Fl%C4%B1q" title="Vətəndaşlıq – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vətəndaşlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="وطنداشلیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وطنداشلیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Гражданлыҡ – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гражданлыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagkahimanwa" title="Pagkahimanwa – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagkahimanwa" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грамадзянства – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грамадзянства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewarganegaraan" title="Kewarganegaraan – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kewarganegaraan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Гражданство – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гражданство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="নাগরিকত্ব – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাগরিকত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavljanstvo" title="Državljanstvo – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Državljanstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutadania" title="Ciutadania – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciutadania" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="شارۆمەندێتی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شارۆمەندێتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob%C4%8Danstv%C3%AD" title="Občanství – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Občanství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Гражданлăх – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гражданлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasyddiaeth" title="Dinasyddiaeth – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dinasyddiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statsborgerskab" title="Statsborgerskab – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Statsborgerskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsb%C3%BCrgerschaft" title="Staatsbürgerschaft – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Staatsbürgerschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C5%9Ba%C5%84stwo" title="Staśaństwo – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Staśaństwo" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ιθαγένεια – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιθαγένεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Citizenship" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitanceco" title="Civitanceco – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Civitanceco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudadan%C3%ADa" title="Ciudadanía – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciudadanía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodakondsus" title="Kodakondsus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kodakondsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herritartasun" title="Herritartasun – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Herritartasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="شهروندی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شهروندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansalaisuus" title="Kansalaisuus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansalaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimar%C3%A6ttur" title="Heimarættur – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Heimarættur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citoyennet%C3%A9" title="Citoyenneté – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Citoyenneté" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidadan%C3%ADa" title="Cidadanía – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cidadanía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet%C3%A3ygua_reko" title="Tetãygua reko – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tetãygua reko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אזרחות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אזרחות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="नागरिकता – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नागरिकता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavljanstvo" title="Državljanstvo – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Državljanstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C4%87anstwo" title="Staćanstwo – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Staćanstwo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81llampolg%C3%A1rs%C3%A1g" title="Állampolgárság – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Állampolgárság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Քաղաքացիություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաղաքացիություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citatanitate" title="Citatanitate – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Citatanitate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewarganegaraan" title="Kewarganegaraan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kewarganegaraan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="БӀорахол – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="БӀорахол" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitaneso" title="Civitaneso – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Civitaneso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADkisborgarar%C3%A9ttur" title="Ríkisborgararéttur – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ríkisborgararéttur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cittadinanza" title="Cittadinanza – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cittadinanza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E6%B0%91" title="市民 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="市民" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მოქალაქეობა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოქალაქეობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yet_A%CC%B1tyobyin" title="Yet A̱tyobyin – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Yet A̱tyobyin" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Азаматтық – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Азаматтық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5" title="ಪೌರತ್ವ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೌರತ್ವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%BC" title="시민 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시민" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Гражданство – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Гражданство" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welat%C3%AEn%C3%AE" title="Welatînî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Welatînî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Жарандуулук – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жарандуулук" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitas_(ius_civium)" title="Civitas (ius civium) – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Civitas (ius civium)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6rger" title="Börger – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Börger" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cittadinanza" title="Cittadinanza – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cittadinanza" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87" title="ຄວາມເປັນພົນລະເມືອງ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄວາມເປັນພົນລະເມືອງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilietyb%C4%97" title="Pilietybė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pilietybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilson%C4%ABba" title="Pilsonība – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pilsonība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewarganegaraan" title="Kewarganegaraan – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kewarganegaraan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Државјанство – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Државјанство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82" title="പൗരത്വം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പൗരത്വം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Иргэншил – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иргэншил" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="नागरिकत्व – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नागरिकत्व" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewarganegaraan" title="Kewarganegaraan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kewarganegaraan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgerlikheid" title="Burgerlikheid – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Burgerlikheid" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="नागरिकता – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नागरिकता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgerschap" title="Burgerschap – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Burgerschap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statsborgar" title="Statsborgar – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Statsborgar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statsborgerskap" title="Statsborgerskap – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Statsborgerskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutadanetat" title="Ciutadanetat – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ciutadanetat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਨਾਗਰਿਕਤਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਗਰਿਕਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obywatelstwo" title="Obywatelstwo – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obywatelstwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="شہریت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شہریت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="تابعیت – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تابعیت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cidadania" title="Cidadania – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cidadania" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Themutnipen" title="Themutnipen – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Themutnipen" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cet%C4%83%C8%9Benie" title="Cetățenie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cetățenie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Гражданство – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гражданство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Горожанство – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Горожанство" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AB" title="ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛᱮᱫ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛᱮᱫ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavljanstvo" title="Državljanstvo – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Državljanstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="ර‍ටවැසිභාවය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ර‍ටවැසිභාවය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Citizenship" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0t%C3%A1tne_ob%C4%8Dianstvo" title="Štátne občianstvo – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Štátne občianstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavljanstvo" title="Državljanstvo – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Državljanstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shtet%C3%ABsia" title="Shtetësia – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shtetësia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%99%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Држављанство – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Држављанство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medborgarskap" title="Medborgarskap – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Medborgarskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraia" title="Uraia – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uraia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="குடியுரிமை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குடியுரிமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ความเป็นพลเมือง – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความเป็นพลเมือง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagkamamamayan" title="Pagkamamamayan – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagkamamamayan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatanda%C5%9Fl%C4%B1k" title="Vatandaşlık – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vatandaşlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ватандашлык – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ватандашлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%B4akhazi" title="Ŵakhazi – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Ŵakhazi" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Громадянство – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Громадянство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="شہریت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شہریت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuqarolik" title="Fuqarolik – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fuqarolik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitadinansa" title="Sitadinansa – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sitadinansa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quy%E1%BB%81n_c%C3%B4ng_d%C3%A2n" title="Quyền công dân – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quyền công dân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მენოღალობა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მენოღალობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="בירגערשאפט – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בירגערשאפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80y%C3%A8%E1%BB%8Dm%E1%BB%8D%C3%ACl%C3%BA" title="Àyèọmọìlú – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àyèọmọìlú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91" title="公民 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="公民" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong-b%C3%AEn" title="Kong-bîn – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kong-bîn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%AC%8A" title="公民權 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="公民權" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42138#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名字空间"> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91&action=edit" title="编辑该只页面个源码[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91&action=history"><span>望历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91" title="链到箇里个所有wiki页面个清单[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链进来点啥</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91" rel="nofollow" title="箇页链出去个全部页箇阶段变化[k]" accesskey="k"><span>搭界个改动</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=wuu" title="上传文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特别页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91&oldid=290998" title="箇页当前版本个老世链接"><span>老世链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91&id=290998&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关哪亨引用箇页个信息"><span>引用箇篇文章</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwuu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%2585%25AC%25E6%25B0%2591"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a 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mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 别个项目里向 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Citizenship" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42138" title="链接到有关数据存储库项[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自维基百科，自由个百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="wuu" dir="ltr"><p><b>公民</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英文</a>：<b>citizen</b>）是在一個政治实体（譬如国家或城市）裏向，拥有<b>公民身份</b>并根据该地法律规定享有权利搭承担义务个人。 </p><p><b>公民身份</b>或<b>公民權</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英文</a>：<b>citizenship</b>）是一種認同或身份个形式，使個人在政治社群裏向取得相關个社會權利搭義務<sup id="cite_ref-Barker2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barker2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-公民权研究手册_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-公民权研究手册-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，交<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E7%B1%8D" title="国籍">国籍</a>概念弗同，擁有國籍像未成年个國民可能嘸沒行使公民權个<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9" title="權利">權利</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%8B%99" title="義務">義務</a><sup id="cite_ref-陈治世1990_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-陈治世1990-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宪法学（页面弗存在）">宪法学</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="政治學">政治學</a>則指由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>规范及<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>社群中个個人搭群體个<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9" title="權利">权利</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E5%8A%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="义务">义务</a>關係<sup id="cite_ref-宪法学原理_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-宪法学原理-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-楚树龙唐虹2006_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-楚树龙唐虹2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>近代公民權或公民資格个擴張或縮減與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="封建（页面弗存在）">封建</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%88%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="專制（页面弗存在）">專制</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="民主">民主</a>等制度个關係有弗少个政治及學術討論<sup id="cite_ref-王啸2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-王啸2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>對<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民主國家（页面弗存在）">民主國家</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%88%E5%88%B6%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="專制國家（页面弗存在）">專制國家</a>个公民權教育搭保障个跨國比較仍是政策制定及學術研究个重要議題之一<sup id="cite_ref-GrossmanLee2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrossmanLee2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DethMontero2007_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DethMontero2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在各國培養公民素養个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%82%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="學堂教育（页面弗存在）">學堂教育</a>方面，全球規模最大个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E7%B4%A0%E9%A4%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公民素養（页面弗存在）">公民素養</a>及公民教育个研究計劃國際公民及素養調查研究調查各國<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%82%E7%84%B6" title="如然">如然</a>解決下一代公民積極參與社會个挑戰，評估各國青少年對未來公民身分之準備教育，對學生个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E7%B4%A0%E9%A4%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公民素養（页面弗存在）">公民素養</a>个概念知識與能力進行測驗評量，其測驗及調查个範圍包括：公民認知、政治組織、公民概念（如人權）、以及負責任公民个作爲及態度咾啥。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參看"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E7.9C.8B"></span>參看</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：參看"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91" title="人民">人民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="社會">社会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="公民社会">公民社會</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%8A%97%E5%91%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公民抗命（页面弗存在）">公民抗命</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公民教育（页面弗存在）">公民教育</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%99%E9%87%8D%E5%9C%8B%E7%B1%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雙重國籍（页面弗存在）">雙重國籍</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E8%B3%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天賦人權（页面弗存在）">天賦人權</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="政治参与（页面弗存在）">政治参与</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E4%BA%8B%E7%99%BB%E8%A8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民事登記（页面弗存在）">民事登記</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Barker2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Barker2004_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">Chris Barker（2004）．<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lcIdndXVQGEC&pg=PA476">文化研究: 理論與實踐</a>．五南圖書出版股份有限公司，476–．<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-957-11-3732-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-957-11-3732-2">ISBN 978-957-11-3732-2</a>．於24 January 2013参阅．</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%3A+%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E8%88%87%E5%AF%A6%E8%B8%90&rft.au=Chris+Barker&rft.pub=%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft.pages=476%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-957-11-3732-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlcIdndXVQGEC%26pg%3DPA476"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-公民权研究手册-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-公民权研究手册_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">（2007）<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=nsqNHwAACAAJ">公民权研究手册</a>．浙江人民出版社．<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-213-03507-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-213-03507-4">ISBN 978-7-213-03507-4</a>．於24 January 2013参阅．</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C&rft.pub=%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.isbn=978-7-213-03507-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnsqNHwAACAAJ"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-陈治世1990-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-陈治世1990_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">陈治世（1990）．<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ah8P0PjX1hsC&pg=PA208">國際法</a>．臺灣商務印書館，208–．<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-957-05-0188-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-957-05-0188-9">ISBN 978-957-05-0188-9</a>．於24 January 2013参阅．</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%B3%95&rft.au=%E9%99%88%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%96&rft.pub=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E5%8D%B0%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8&rft.pages=208%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-957-05-0188-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dah8P0PjX1hsC%26pg%3DPA208"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-宪法学原理-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-宪法学原理_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">（2005）<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=G1FYtz_gC5UC&pg=PA179">宪法学原理</a>．中信出版社，179–．<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5086-0351-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5086-0351-3">ISBN 978-7-5086-0351-3</a>．於24 January 2013参阅．</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.pages=179%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-7-5086-0351-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG1FYtz_gC5UC%26pg%3DPA179"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-楚树龙唐虹2006-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-楚树龙唐虹2006_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">（2006）<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=zVim3oTzeAoC&pg=PA33">政治学概论</a>．清华大学出版社有限公司，33–．<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-302-12118-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-302-12118-3">ISBN 978-7-302-12118-3</a>．於24 January 2013参阅．</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E8%AE%BA&rft.pub=%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft.pages=33%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-7-302-12118-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzVim3oTzeAoC%26pg%3DPA33"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-王啸2006-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-王啸2006_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal">王啸（2006）．<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=gg97NG6W_XAC&pg=PA657">全球化时代个中国公民教育</a>．福建教育出版社，657–．<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5334-4254-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5334-4254-5">ISBN 978-7-5334-4254-5</a>．於24 January 2013参阅．</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E5%95%B8&rft.pub=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.pages=657%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-7-5334-4254-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgg97NG6W_XAC%26pg%3DPA657"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GrossmanLee2008-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GrossmanLee2008_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-David_L._Grossman-2008">David L. Grossman（2008）．<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=btkuYUgXLRIC&pg=PA5">Citizenship Curriculum in Asia and the Pacific</a>．Springer，5–．<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4020-8745-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4020-8745-5">ISBN 978-1-4020-8745-5</a>．於24 January 2013参阅．</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizenship+Curriculum+in+Asia+and+the+Pacific&rft.aulast=David+L.+Grossman&rft.pub=Springer&rft.pages=5%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-8745-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbtkuYUgXLRIC%26pg%3DPA5"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DethMontero2007-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DethMontero2007_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Jan_W._Van_Deth-2007">Jan W. Van Deth（2007）．<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=RIe1xEaHCHcC&pg=PA1">Citizenship And Involvement in European Democracies: A Comparative Analysis</a>．Taylor & Francis，1–．<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-41231-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-41231-5">ISBN 978-0-415-41231-5</a>．於24 January 2013参阅．</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizenship+And+Involvement+in+European+Democracies%3A+A+Comparative+Analysis&rft.aulast=Jan+W.+Van+Deth&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.pages=1%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-0-415-41231-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRIe1xEaHCHcC%26pg%3DPA1"> </span></span> </li> </ol></div><div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2"> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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