CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Japanese battleship Haruna - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a3d2fd4a-ba17-4134-af07-2a82a37f2cbe","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Japanese_battleship_Haruna","wgTitle":"Japanese battleship Haruna","wgCurRevisionId":1262986294,"wgRevisionId":1262986294,"wgArticleId":521212,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Featured articles","Use dmy dates from December 2020","Articles containing Japanese-language text","CS1: long volume value","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Kongō-class battlecruisers","Ships built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries","1913 ships","Second Sino-Japanese War naval ships of Japan","World War II battleships of Japan", "Battleships sunk by aircraft","Ships sunk by US aircraft","Shipwrecks in the Inland Sea","World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean","Maritime incidents in July 1945"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Japanese_battleship_Haruna","wgRelevantArticleId":521212,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1066681","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready", "wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Haruna_1934.jpg/1200px-Haruna_1934.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="811"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Haruna_1934.jpg/800px-Haruna_1934.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="541"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Haruna_1934.jpg/640px-Haruna_1934.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="433"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Japanese battleship Haruna - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Haruna"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Haruna"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Japanese_battleship_Haruna rootpage-Japanese_battleship_Haruna skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Japanese+battleship+Haruna" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Japanese+battleship+Haruna" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Japanese+battleship+Haruna" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Japanese+battleship+Haruna" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Design_and_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_and_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Design and construction </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design_and_construction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Design and construction subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Design_and_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Armament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Armament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Operational history </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operational history subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1915–1926:_Battlecruiser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1915–1926:_Battlecruiser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1915–1926: Battlecruiser </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1915–1926:_Battlecruiser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1926–1933:_Reconstruction_into_battleship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1926–1933:_Reconstruction_into_battleship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1926–1933: Reconstruction into battleship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1926–1933:_Reconstruction_into_battleship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1933–1941:_Fast_battleship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1933–1941:_Fast_battleship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1933–1941: Fast battleship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1933–1941:_Fast_battleship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1941–1942:_Early_war_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1941–1942:_Early_war_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1941–1942: Early war service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1941–1942:_Early_war_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bombardment_of_Henderson_Field" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bombardment_of_Henderson_Field"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Bombardment of Henderson Field </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bombardment_of_Henderson_Field-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1943:_Movement_between_bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1943:_Movement_between_bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 1943: Movement between bases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1943:_Movement_between_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1944:_Final_combat_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1944:_Final_combat_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 1944: Final combat actions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1944:_Final_combat_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Battle of Leyte Gulf </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_off_Samar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_off_Samar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8.1 Battle off Samar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_off_Samar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945:_Loss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945:_Loss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 1945: Loss </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945:_Loss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 General references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Japanese battleship Haruna</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" > 24 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80,_1913)" title="Харуна (линеен крайцер, 1913) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Харуна (линеен крайцер, 1913)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruna_(morreder)" title="Haruna (morreder) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Haruna (morreder)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuirassat_Haruna" title="Cuirassat Haruna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cuirassat Haruna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruna_(1913)" title="Haruna (1913) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Haruna (1913)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruna_(Schiff,_1915)" title="Haruna (Schiff, 1915) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Haruna (Schiff, 1915)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruna_(1915)" title="Haruna (1915) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Haruna (1915)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7" title="نبردناو هارونا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبردناو هارونا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruna_(croiseur_de_bataille)" title="Haruna (croiseur de bataille) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Haruna (croiseur de bataille)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%A3%A8%EB%82%98_(%EC%A0%84%ED%95%A8)" title="하루나 (전함) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하루나 (전함)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_tempur_Jepang_Haruna" title="Kapal tempur Jepang Haruna – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kapal tempur Jepang Haruna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruna_(incrociatore_da_battaglia)" title="Haruna (incrociatore da battaglia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Haruna (incrociatore da battaglia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_(%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%94,_1913)" title="הרונה (אוניית מערכה, 1913) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרונה (אוניית מערכה, 1913)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruna_(schip,_1915)" title="Haruna (schip, 1915) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Haruna (schip, 1915)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A6%9B%E5%90%8D_(%E6%88%A6%E8%89%A6)" title="榛名 (戦艦) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="榛名 (戦艦)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruna_(1913)" title="Haruna (1913) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Haruna (1913)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruna_(coura%C3%A7ado)" title="Haruna (couraçado) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Haruna (couraçado)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuirasatul_japonez_Haruna" title="Cuirasatul japonez Haruna – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cuirasatul japonez Haruna" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1913)" title="Харуна (1913) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Харуна (1913)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruna_(bojov%C3%A1_lo%C4%8F)" title="Haruna (bojová loď) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Haruna (bojová loď)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruna_(1913)" title="Haruna (1913) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Haruna (1913)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruna_(slagskepp)" title="Haruna (slagskepp) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Haruna (slagskepp)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruna_(thi%E1%BA%BFt_gi%C3%A1p_h%E1%BA%A1m_Nh%E1%BA%ADt)" title="Haruna (thiết giáp hạm Nhật) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Haruna (thiết giáp hạm Nhật)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A6%9B%E5%90%8D%E8%99%9F" title="榛名號 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="榛名號" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A6%9B%E5%90%8D%E8%99%9F%E6%88%B0%E8%89%A6" title="榛名號戰艦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="榛名號戰艦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1066681#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Haruna" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Japanese_battleship_Haruna" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Haruna">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Haruna">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Japanese_battleship_Haruna" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Japanese_battleship_Haruna" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&oldid=1262986294" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&id=1262986294&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJapanese_battleship_Haruna">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJapanese_battleship_Haruna">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Haruna_(ship,_1915)" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1066681" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese Kongō-class battlecruiser</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other ships with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Japanese_ship_Haruna" title="Japanese ship Haruna">Japanese ship Haruna</a>.</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Haruna_1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A portside view of Haruna – a large warship with a tall superstructure and two funnels – steaming at full speed in high seas with waves coming over the bow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Haruna_1934.jpg/300px-Haruna_1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Haruna_1934.jpg/450px-Haruna_1934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Haruna_1934.jpg/600px-Haruna_1934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="2012" /></a><div>Haruna in 1934, following her second reconstruction</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese Navy Ensign"><img alt="Japanese Navy Ensign" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg/42px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg/63px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg/84px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td>Haruna</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Namesake</td><td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Haruna" title="Mount Haruna">Mount Haruna</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Ordered</td><td>1911</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Shipbuilding_Corporation" title="Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation">Kawasaki Shipyards</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>16 March 1912</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>14 December 1913</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Commissioned</td><td>19 April 1915</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Sunk at her moorings on 28 July 1945; raised and scrapped in 1946<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a></td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Class and type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Kong%C5%8D-class_battlecruiser" title="Kongō-class battlecruiser">Kongō-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">battlecruiser</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td>36,600 long tons (37,187 t)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>222 m (728 ft 4 in)<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>31 m (101 ft 8 in)<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>9.7 m (31 ft 10 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td>64,000 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shp</a> (48,000 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 × Brown-Curtis <a href="/wiki/Turbine" title="Turbine">turbines</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 × shafts<a href="#cite_note-Conway's-2">[2]</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1915–1934: 26 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">kn</a> (48 <a href="/wiki/Kilometres_per_hour" title="Kilometres per hour">km/h</a>; 30 <a href="/wiki/Miles_per_hour" title="Miles per hour">mph</a>)<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1934–1945: 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph)<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>1,360<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1915:</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × <a href="/wiki/Vickers_14_inch/45_naval_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers 14 inch/45 naval gun">356 mm (14 in) guns</a> (4×2)<a href="#cite_note-kongoclass-3">[3]</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">16 × <a href="/wiki/15_cm/50_41st_Year_Type" title="15 cm/50 41st Year Type">152 mm (6 in)</a> guns (16×1)<a href="#cite_note-kongoclass-3">[3]</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × 76 mm (3 in) guns (8×1)<a href="#cite_note-stille16-4">[4]</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × 530 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes (submerged)<a href="#cite_note-stille16-4">[4]</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1945:</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × 356 mm (14 in) (4×2)<a href="#cite_note-kongoclass-3">[3]</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 × 152 mm (6 in) guns (8×1)<a href="#cite_note-kongoclass-3">[3]</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">12 × <a href="/wiki/12.7_cm/40_Type_89_naval_gun" title="12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun">127 mm (5 in)/40</a> guns (6×2)<a href="#cite_note-stille16-4">[4]</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">108 × <a href="/wiki/Type_96_25_mm_AT/AA_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Gun">25 mm (0.98 in) Type 96 AA guns</a><a href="#cite_note-stille16-4">[4]</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armor</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">Turrets</a>: 9 in (230 mm)<a href="#cite_note-kongoclass-3">[3]</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Belt_armour" class="mw-redirect" title="Belt armour">Belt</a>: 8 in (200 mm)<a href="#cite_note-kongoclass-3">[3]</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">Deck</a>: 1.5 in (38 mm)–2.75 in (70 mm)<a href="#cite_note-kongoclass-3">[3]</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Aircraft carried</td><td>3 × <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">reconnaissance</a> <a href="/wiki/Floatplane" title="Floatplane">floatplanes</a><a href="#cite_note-kongoclass-3">[3]</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Notes</td><td>Unless otherwise noted, all statistics apply to after the second reconstruction.</td></tr> </tbody></table> Haruna (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: 榛名, named after <a href="/wiki/Mount_Haruna" title="Mount Haruna">Mount Haruna</a>) was a warship of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Designed by the British naval engineer <a href="/wiki/George_Thurston" title="George Thurston">George Thurston</a>, she was the fourth and last <a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">battlecruiser</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kong%C5%8D-class_battlecruiser" title="Kongō-class battlecruiser">Kongō class</a>, amongst the most heavily armed ships in any navy when built. <a href="/wiki/Keel_laying" title="Keel laying">Laid down</a> in 1912 at the <a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Shipbuilding_Corporation" title="Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation">Kawasaki Shipyards</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a>, Haruna was formally <a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning" title="Ship commissioning">commissioned</a> in 1915 on the same day as her sister ship, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Kirishima" title="Japanese battleship Kirishima">Kirishima</a>. Haruna patrolled off the Chinese coast during World War I. During gunnery drills in 1920, an explosion destroyed one of her guns, damaged the <a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">gun turret</a>, and killed seven men. During her career, Haruna underwent two major reconstructions. Beginning in 1926, the Imperial Japanese Navy rebuilt her as a <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a>, strengthening her armor and improving her speed and power capabilities. In 1933, her superstructure was completely rebuilt, her speed was increased, and she was equipped with <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_catapult" title="Aircraft catapult">launch catapults</a> for <a href="/wiki/Floatplane" title="Floatplane">floatplanes</a>. Now fast enough to accompany Japan's growing carrier fleet, Haruna was reclassified as a <a href="/wiki/Fast_battleship" title="Fast battleship">fast battleship</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, Haruna transported <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> troops to mainland China before being redeployed to the 3rd Battleship Division in 1941. On the eve of the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, she sailed as part of the Southern Force in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">Battle of Singapore</a>. Haruna fought in almost every major naval action of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific Theater</a> during World War II. She covered the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasion of Malaya">Japanese landings in Malaya</a> (in present-day Malaysia) and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">Dutch East Indies</a> (now Indonesia) in 1942 before engaging American forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a> and during the <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanal Campaign">Guadalcanal Campaign</a>. Throughout 1943, Haruna primarily remained at <a href="/wiki/Truk_Lagoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Truk Lagoon">Truk Lagoon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kure_Naval_District" title="Kure Naval District">Kure Naval Base</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sasebo_Naval_District" title="Sasebo Naval District">Sasebo Naval Base</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Lingga_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingga Islands">Lingga Islands</a> (in present-day Indonesia), and deployed on several occasions in response to American carrier airstrikes on Japanese island bases. Haruna participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Philippine_Sea" title="Battle of the Philippine Sea">Battle of the Philippine Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Battle of Leyte Gulf</a> in 1944, engaging American vessels in the latter. In 1945, Haruna was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Kure_Naval_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Kure Naval Base">Kure Naval Base</a>, where she was sunk by aircraft of <a href="/wiki/Task_Force_38" class="mw-redirect" title="Task Force 38">Task Force 38</a> on 28 July 1945. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_construction">Design and construction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and construction">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kong%C5%8D-class_battlecruiser" title="Kongō-class battlecruiser">Kongō-class battlecruiser</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haruna_in_1913(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Haruna_in_1913%281%29.jpg/220px-Haruna_in_1913%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Haruna_in_1913%281%29.jpg/330px-Haruna_in_1913%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Haruna_in_1913%281%29.jpg/440px-Haruna_in_1913%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2365" data-file-height="1943" /></a><figcaption>Launch of Haruna, 14 December 1913</figcaption></figure> Haruna was the fourth and last of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a>'s Kongō-class <a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">battlecruisers</a>, a line of <a href="/wiki/Capital_ship" title="Capital ship">capital ships</a> designed by the British naval engineer <a href="/wiki/George_Thurston" title="George Thurston">George Thurston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kongoclass-3">[3]</a> The class was ordered in 1910 in the Japanese Emergency Naval Expansion Bill after the commissioning of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Invincible_(1907)" title="HMS Invincible (1907)">HMS Invincible</a> in 1908.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> The four battlecruisers of the Kongō class were designed to match the naval capabilities of the other major powers at the time; they have been called the battlecruiser versions of the British (formerly <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Navy" title="Ottoman Navy">Turkish</a>) battleship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Erin" title="HMS Erin">HMS Erin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Conway's-2">[2]</a> Their heavy armament and armor protection (which contributed 23.3 percent of their <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">displacement</a>) were greatly superior to those of any other Japanese capital ship afloat at the time.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Conway's-2">[2]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Keel" title="Keel">keel</a> of Haruna was laid down at <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Shipbuilding_Corporation" title="Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation">Kawasaki</a> on 16 March 1912, with most of the parts used in her construction manufactured in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-Conway's-2">[2]</a> Due to a shortage of available <a href="/wiki/Slipway" title="Slipway">slipways</a>, Haruna and her sister ship <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Kirishima" title="Japanese battleship Kirishima">Kirishima</a> were the first two capital ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy to be built in private shipyards.<a href="#cite_note-Conway's-2">[2]</a> Launched on 14 December 1913, Haruna's <a href="/wiki/Fitting-out" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitting-out">fitting-out</a> began in early 1914.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a> She was completed on 19 April 1915.<a href="#cite_note-Conway's-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armament">Armament</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Armament">edit</a>]</div> Haruna's main battery consisted of eight 14 in (36 cm) heavy-caliber main guns in four twin turrets (two forward, two aft).<a href="#cite_note-kongoclass-3">[3]</a> The turrets were noted by the U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence to be "similar to the British 15-inch turrets",<a href="#cite_note-NW-14-6">[6]</a> with improvements made in <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_flash" title="Muzzle flash">flash</a>-tightness. Each of her main guns could fire high-explosive or armor-piercing shells a maximum of 38,770 yd (19.14 nmi; 35.45 km) at a firing rate of two shells per minute.<a href="#cite_note-14/45-7">[7]</a> In keeping with the Japanese doctrine of deploying more powerful vessels before their opponents, Haruna and her sister ships were the first vessels in the world equipped with 14 in (36 cm) guns.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-00-48-8">[8]</a> The main guns carried ammunition for 90 salvoes, and had an approximate barrel life of 250 to 280 rounds.<a href="#cite_note-NW-14-6">[6]</a> In 1941, separate dyes (used to distinguish between shells fired from multiple ships) were introduced for the armor-piercing shells of the four Kongō-class battleships, with Haruna's armor-piercing shells using black dye.<a href="#cite_note-NW-14-6">[6]</a> Her <a href="/wiki/Secondary_armament" title="Secondary armament">secondary battery</a> was originally sixteen 6 in (15 cm) 50-caliber medium guns in single <a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">casemates</a> (all located amidships),<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a> eight 3 in (7.6 cm) guns and eight submerged 21 in (53 cm) <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tubes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kongoclass-3">[3]</a> The six-inch guns could fire five to six rounds per minute, with a barrel life of 500 rounds.<a href="#cite_note-NW6-9">[9]</a> The 6"/50 caliber gun was capable of firing both anti-aircraft and anti-ship shells, though the positioning of the guns on Haruna made antiaircraft firing impractical.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a> During her second reconstruction, the older 3-inch guns were removed and replaced with eight 5 in (13 cm) dual-purpose guns. These 5"/40 caliber guns could fire between 8 and 14 rounds per minute, with a barrel life of 800 to 1,500 rounds.<a href="#cite_note-NW5-10">[10]</a> The 5"/40 had the widest variety of shot types of Haruna's guns, being designed to fire antiaircraft, antiship, and illumination shells.<a href="#cite_note-NW5-10">[10]</a> She was also armed with a large number of 1 in (2.5 cm) antiaircraft machine guns. In 1943, her secondary armament was reconfigured to eight 6 in (15 cm) guns, twelve 5 in (13 cm) guns, and finally by the end of 1944 one hundred and eight <a href="/wiki/Type_96_25_mm_AT/AA_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Gun">Type 96</a> antiaircraft <a href="/wiki/Autocannon" title="Autocannon">autocannon</a> in 30 triple and 18 single mounts.<a href="#cite_note-stille16-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Operational history">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1915–1926:_Battlecruiser">1915–1926: Battlecruiser</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1915–1926: Battlecruiser">edit</a>]</div> On 19 April 1915, Haruna was formally commissioned at Kobe. On 13 December 1915, after eight months of trials, she was assigned to the 3rd Battleship Division of the <a href="/wiki/IJN_2nd_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="IJN 2nd Fleet">2nd Fleet</a>. On 9 April 1916, she departed <a href="/wiki/Sasebo_Naval_District" title="Sasebo Naval District">Sasebo Naval Base</a> for operations in the <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a>, returning to Japan 10 days later. On 1 December 1916, Captain Saburo Hyakutake assumed command of Haruna until 15 September 1917, when Captain Naomi Taniguchi replaced him. On 1 December 1917, she was placed in reserve, as hostilities in the Pacific theatre of World War I concluded.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haruna_at_Kobe_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a portside bow view of Haruna five days after her formal commissioning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Haruna_at_Kobe_1915.jpg/220px-Haruna_at_Kobe_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Haruna_at_Kobe_1915.jpg/330px-Haruna_at_Kobe_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Haruna_at_Kobe_1915.jpg/440px-Haruna_at_Kobe_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="2051" /></a><figcaption>Haruna at Kōbe on 24 April 1915</figcaption></figure> On 12 September 1920, Haruna was involved in gunnery drills off <a href="/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkaidō">Hokkaidō</a> when a <a href="/wiki/Breech-loading_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Breech-loading weapon">breech</a> explosion destroyed the starboard gun of the No. 1 turret, killing seven men and badly damaging the armored roof of the turret. A later investigation by the Imperial Japanese Navy concluded that a faulty fuse ignited the gunpowder bags in the breech, detonating the shell while still in the barrel. The turret was repaired at <a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_Naval_Arsenal" title="Yokosuka Naval Arsenal">Yokosuka Naval Arsenal</a>, where the elevation of her 14-inch guns was also increased by seven degrees. Three months later, she was once again placed in reserve.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> With the conclusion of World War I and the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Washington Naval Treaty</a>, the size of the Imperial Japanese Navy was significantly lessened, with a ratio of 5:5:3 required between the capital ships of the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-00-67-11">[11]</a> The treaty also banned Japan from building any new capital ships until 1931, with no capital ship permitted to exceed 35,000 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a> (35,562 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a>).<a href="#cite_note-jackson-00-68-12">[12]</a> Provided that new additions did not exceed 3,000 long tons (3,048 t), existing capital ships were allowed to be upgraded with improved <a href="/wiki/Anti-torpedo_bulge" title="Anti-torpedo bulge">anti-torpedo bulges</a> and deck armor.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-00-68-12">[12]</a> By the time the Washington Treaty had been fully implemented in Japan, only three classes of World War I-era capital ships remained active: the <a href="/wiki/Ise-class_battleship" title="Ise-class battleship">Ise-class</a> battleships, the Kongō-class battlecruisers, and one of the <a href="/wiki/Fus%C5%8D-class_battleship" title="Fusō-class battleship">Fusō-class</a> battleships (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Yamashiro" title="Japanese battleship Yamashiro">Yamashiro</a>).<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1926–1933:_Reconstruction_into_battleship">1926–1933: Reconstruction into battleship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1926–1933: Reconstruction into battleship">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_battleship_Haruna_no_labels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Japanese_battleship_Haruna_no_labels.jpg/220px-Japanese_battleship_Haruna_no_labels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Japanese_battleship_Haruna_no_labels.jpg/330px-Japanese_battleship_Haruna_no_labels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Japanese_battleship_Haruna_no_labels.jpg/440px-Japanese_battleship_Haruna_no_labels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption>Haruna at sea</figcaption></figure> Unable to construct new capital ships until 1931, Japan resorted to upgrading battleships and battlecruisers. In July 1926, Haruna became the first of Japan's vessels to undergo extensive modernization and modification, in drydock at Yokosuka Naval Arsenal.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a> Over the next two years, her horizontal armor near her ammunition magazines was strengthened, and the machinery spaces within the hull were increased.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> Anti-torpedo bulges were added along the waterline, as permitted by the Washington Treaty.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a> She was refitted to accommodate three Type 90 Model 0 floatplanes.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> To increase her speed and power capacities, all 36 <a href="/wiki/Yarrow_boiler" title="Yarrow boiler">Yarrow boilers</a> were removed and replaced with 16 newer boilers, and Brown-Curtis direct-drive turbines were installed.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a> Haruna's forward funnel was removed, and her second funnel was enlarged and lengthened. The modifications to her hull increased her armor weight from 6,502 to 10,313 long tons, directly violating the terms of the Washington Treaty.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a> In July 1928, Haruna—now capable of speeds of 29 kn (54 km/h; 33 mph)—was reclassified as a battleship.<a href="#cite_note-stille16-4">[4]</a> Following new sea trials, Haruna was assigned on 10 December 1928 to the 4th Battleship Division of the 2nd Fleet as the Emperor's special ship.<a href="#cite_note-14">[note 1]</a> For the next 12 months, she operated between Sasebo, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshunkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüshunkou District">Port Arthur</a>, and the East China Sea. On 1 February 1929, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Takamatsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Takamatsu">Prince Takamatsu</a>, the younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hirohito" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Hirohito">Emperor Hirohito</a>, was assigned to the crew. On 20 November 1929, she was reassigned to the 1st Battleship Division. She was placed in reserve on 1 December 1930.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haruna_1928.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a starboard-side view of a reconfigured Haruna, with a much higher superstructure and fewer funnels than in her original configuration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Haruna_1928.jpg/220px-Haruna_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Haruna_1928.jpg/330px-Haruna_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Haruna_1928.jpg/440px-Haruna_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2984" data-file-height="2050" /></a><figcaption>Haruna undergoing trials after her reconstruction in 1928</figcaption></figure> On 22 April 1930, Japan signed the <a href="/wiki/London_Naval_Treaty" title="London Naval Treaty">London Naval Treaty</a>, placing further restrictions on its maritime forces. In addition to the scrapping of several older battleships, Japan would not be permitted to construct new capital ships until 1937.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-00-72-15">[14]</a> After minor fitting-out work, her reconstruction begun in 1926 was declared complete on 1 October 1931.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> On 8 November 1931, she served as the Emperor's ship during his official visit to <a href="/wiki/Kumamoto_prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumamoto prefecture">Kumamoto prefecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> In September 1931, Japan <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">invaded Manchuria</a>. On 25 February 1933, based on the report by the <a href="/wiki/Lytton_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Lytton Commission">Lytton Commission</a>, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> agreed that Japan's invasion had violated Chinese sovereignty.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-00-72-15">[14]</a> Refusing to accept the organization's judgment, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations the same day.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-00-72-15">[14]</a> By the end of 1934, Japan would also announce that it would withdraw from the Washington and London Naval Treaties, thus removing all restrictions on the number and size of its capital ships.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1933–1941:_Fast_battleship">1933–1941: Fast battleship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1933–1941: Fast battleship">edit</a>]</div> Haruna was reactivated and assigned to the 1st Battleship Division on 20 May 1933.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> However, on 1 August 1933, Haruna was drydocked at <a href="/wiki/Kure_Naval_Arsenal" title="Kure Naval Arsenal">Kure Naval Arsenal</a> in preparation for upgrades that would enable her to escort Japan's growing fleet of aircraft carriers.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> Her stern was lengthened by 26 ft (7.9 m), and her bridge was completely reconstructed according to Japan's <a href="/wiki/Pagoda_mast" title="Pagoda mast">pagoda mast</a> style of forward superstructure.<a href="#cite_note-stille16-4">[4]</a> Her 16 older boilers were removed and replaced with 11 oil-fired Kampon Boilers and newer geared turbines.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_catapult" title="Aircraft catapult">Catapults</a> and rails were added to support three <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_E8N" title="Nakajima E8N">Nakajima E8N</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E7K" title="Kawanishi E7K">Kawanishi E7K</a> <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">reconnaissance and spotter</a> <a href="/wiki/Floatplane" title="Floatplane">floatplanes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stille18-17">[16]</a> Haruna's armor was also extensively upgraded. Her main belt was strengthened to a uniform thickness of 8 inches (up from varying thicknesses of 6 to 8 inches), while diagonal bulkheads of depths ranging from 5 to 8 in (127 to 203 mm) now reinforced the main armored belt.<a href="#cite_note-mccurtie185-18">[17]</a> The turret armor was strengthened to 10 inches (254 mm), while 4 in (102 mm) were added to portions of the deck armor.<a href="#cite_note-mccurtie185-18">[17]</a> Her ammunition magazine protection was also strengthened to 4.0 inches (10 cm).<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a> The reconstruction was finished on 30 September 1934.<a href="#cite_note-Conway's-2">[2]</a> Capable of more than 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph) despite the significant increase in hull displacement, Haruna was now reclassified as a fast battleship.<a href="#cite_note-stille16-4">[4]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haruna_1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Haruna in 1935 following her second reconstruction, with a pagoda-style superstructure" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Haruna_1935.jpg/220px-Haruna_1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Haruna_1935.jpg/330px-Haruna_1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Haruna_1935.jpg/440px-Haruna_1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3026" data-file-height="2058" /></a><figcaption>Haruna at Yokosuka in 1935</figcaption></figure> On 28 October 1935, Captain <a href="/wiki/Jisabur%C5%8D_Ozawa" title="Jisaburō Ozawa">Jisaburō Ozawa</a> assumed command of Haruna. On 1 June 1936, she was assigned to the 3rd Battleship Division of the 1st Fleet.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> Throughout 1937, Haruna conducted extensive gunnery drills and patrols off the coast of China, primarily in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>. On 7 July 1937, Japan officially declared war on China, thus beginning the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Sino-Japanese War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> One month later, Haruna transported Japanese Army forces to mainland China in preparation for campaigns into <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Chinese Nationalist</a> territory. On 1 December 1937, she was again placed in reserve.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> On 2 April 1940, she was transferred from Sasebo to Taiwan. She was redesignated as a "special service ship" on 15 November 1940, and five months later was attached to the 3rd Battleship Division of the 1st Fleet, based in Hashirajima.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1941–1942:_Early_war_service">1941–1942: Early war service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1941–1942: Early war service">edit</a>]</div> Haruna and Kongō departed the <a href="/wiki/Hashirajima" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashirajima">Hashirajima</a> fleet anchorage on 29 November 1941, to participate in the opening stage of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a> as part of the Southern (Malay) Force's Main Body, under the overall command of Vice-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Nobutake_Kond%C5%8D" title="Nobutake Kondō">Nobutake Kondō</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stille19-20">[19]</a> On 4 December 1941, the Main Body arrived off the coast of Southern <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a> and Northern <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a>, in preparation for <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Malaya">the invasion of Siam and the Malayan Peninsula</a> four days later.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> When Britain's "Force Z"—consisting of the battleship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Prince_of_Wales_(53)" title="HMS Prince of Wales (53)">HMS Prince of Wales</a> and the battlecruiser <a href="/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(1916)" title="HMS Repulse (1916)">HMS Repulse</a>—was <a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_Prince_of_Wales_and_Repulse" title="Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse">quickly defeated</a> by Japan's land-based and carrier aircraft, Haruna's battlegroup withdrew from Malayan waters. The battlegroup subsequently sortied from Indochina for three days in mid-December to protect a reinforcement convoy traveling to Malaya and again on 18 December to cover the Army's landing at <a href="/wiki/Lingayen_Gulf" title="Lingayen Gulf">Lingayen Gulf</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. The Main Body departed <a href="/wiki/Cam_Ranh_Bay" title="Cam Ranh Bay">Cam Ranh Bay</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a> on 23 December bound for Taiwan, arriving two days later.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> On 11 December 1941, an erroneous report was published in the U.S. media that an American <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">B-17</a> <a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">heavy bomber</a> had bombed and mortally damaged Haruna during battle off Lingayen Gulf off the Philippines. No Japanese battleships were present, and Haruna was 1,500 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a> (2,800 <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a>; 1,700 <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">mi</a>) away in the Gulf of Siam at the time.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> On 18 January 1942, Kondō's Main Force arrived in <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> alongside two fast carriers, with the intention of covering Japan's invasion of <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> and the Dutch East Indies.<a href="#cite_note-stille19-20">[19]</a> Haruna, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Maya" title="Japanese cruiser Maya">Maya</a>, and the fleet carriers <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiry%C5%AB" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Hiryū">Hiryū</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_S%C5%8Dry%C5%AB" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Sōryū">Sōryū</a> operated to the east of <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> until 18 February 1942, when the Main Body departed Palau in preparation for "Operation J", Japan's invasion of the Dutch East Indies. On 25 February, the 3rd Battleship Division provided cover for air attacks on <a href="/wiki/Java,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Java, Indonesia">Java</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a> Haruna <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">bombarded Christmas Island</a> on 7 March 1942, then returned to <a href="/wiki/Staring-baai" title="Staring-baai">Staring-baai</a> for 15 days of maintenance and rest.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> In April 1942, Haruna joined five fleet carriers <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_raid" title="Indian Ocean raid">in attacks</a> on <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Ceylon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Following the destruction of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Dorsetshire_(40)" title="HMS Dorsetshire (40)">HMS Dorsetshire</a> on 5 April 1942, Haruna was sent southwest to locate the remainder of the <a href="/wiki/British_Eastern_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="British Eastern Fleet">British Eastern Fleet</a>, under the command of Admiral <a href="/wiki/James_Somerville_(admiral)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Somerville (admiral)">James Somerville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-boyle370-25">[24]</a> On 9 April, one of her floatplanes spotted the carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hermes_(95)" title="HMS Hermes (95)">HMS Hermes</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a>; Japanese airstrikes sank the carrier the same day.<a href="#cite_note-boyle370-25">[24]</a> Having crippled the offensive capability of Britain's Eastern Fleet, the 3rd Battleship Division returned to Japan on 23 April. Haruna was drydocked throughout May 1942 for general repairs and refits.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> On 29 May 1942, Haruna joined her sister ship <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Kirishima" title="Japanese battleship Kirishima">Kirishima</a> as part of Vice-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABichi_Nagumo" title="Chūichi Nagumo">Chūichi Nagumo</a>'s carrier strike force during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> On 4 June, she was attacked in multiple airstrikes by American <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bomber" title="Torpedo bomber">torpedo bombers</a>, but she took no hits and succeeded in shooting down five American aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> On 5 June, she took on survivors from the four destroyed Japanese aircraft carriers before returning to Japan.<a href="#cite_note-stille19-20">[19]</a> She remained in Japan until September 1942, undergoing minor refits in August of that year.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a> On 6 September, Haruna transferred to Truk Lagoon alongside the rest of the 3rd Battleship Division, and on 10 September the ship sortied as part of Admiral Kondō's 2nd Fleet into the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> On 20 September, the fleet was ordered to return to Truk. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bombardment_of_Henderson_Field">Bombardment of Henderson Field</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bombardment of Henderson Field">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Henderson_Field" title="Battle for Henderson Field">Battle for Henderson Field</a></div> In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Esperance" title="Battle of Cape Esperance">Battle of Cape Esperance</a>, the Japanese Army opted to reinforce their positions on <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a>. To protect their transport convoy from enemy air attack, Admiral Yamamoto sent Haruna and Kongō, escorted by one light cruiser and nine destroyers, to bombard <a href="/wiki/Henderson_Field_(Guadalcanal)" title="Henderson Field (Guadalcanal)">Henderson Field</a>. Because of their high speed, the two battleships could bombard the field and withdraw before being subjected to air attack from aircraft carriers.<a href="#cite_note-schom382-28">[27]</a> On the night of 13–14 October, the two battleships shelled Henderson Field from a distance of 16,000 yards (15,000 m), firing 973 14-inch shells. In the most successful Japanese battleship action of the war,<a href="#cite_note-stille19-20">[19]</a> the bombardment heavily damaged both runways, destroyed almost all available aviation fuel, incapacitated 48 of the airfield's 90 aircraft, and killed 41 men.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> The Japanese troop convoy reached the island the next day.<a href="#cite_note-schom382-28">[27]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Santa_Cruz_Islands" title="Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands">Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands</a> on 26 October 1942, Haruna was attacked by a <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">PBY Catalina</a> <a href="/wiki/Flying_boat" title="Flying boat">flying boat</a> but received no damage. In mid-November, the battleship and other warships provided distant cover for the ultimately unsuccessful efforts to bombard Henderson Field again and land reinforcements on Guadalcanal. On 15 November 1942, following the Japanese defeat and loss of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Hiei" title="Japanese battleship Hiei">Hiei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Kirishima" title="Japanese battleship Kirishima">Kirishima</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Battle_of_Guadalcanal" title="Naval Battle of Guadalcanal">Naval Battle of Guadalcanal</a>, the 3rd Battleship Division returned to Truk, where it remained for the rest of 1942.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1943:_Movement_between_bases">1943: Movement between bases</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1943: Movement between bases">edit</a>]</div> Haruna engaged no enemy targets during 1943.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a> In late January 1943, she participated in "<a href="/wiki/Operation_Ke" title="Operation Ke">Operation Ke</a>", as part of a diversionary force and distant cover supporting Japanese destroyers that were evacuating personnel from Guadalcanal.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> During 15–20 February 1943, the 3rd Battleship Division transferred from Truk to Kure Naval Base. From 23 February to 31 March 1943, Haruna was drydocked in <a href="/wiki/Kure_Naval_Arsenal" title="Kure Naval Arsenal">Kure Naval Arsenal</a> for upgrades, receiving additional Type 96 25 mm (0.98 in) antiaircraft guns and armor. On 17 May 1943, in response to the American invasion of <a href="/wiki/Attu_Island" title="Attu Island">Attu Island</a>, Haruna sortied alongside <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Musashi" title="Japanese battleship Musashi">Musashi</a>, the 3rd Battleship Division, two fleet carriers, two cruisers and nine destroyers. Three days later, the submarine <a href="/wiki/USS_Sawfish" title="USS Sawfish">USS Sawfish</a> discovered the task group, but was unable to attack. On 22 May 1943, the task force arrived in Yokosuka, where it was joined by an additional three fleet carriers and two light cruisers; the force was disbanded when Attu fell before the necessary preparations were finished. Throughout June 1943, Haruna was refitted at Yokosuka. On 18 September 1943, Haruna left Truk as part of a counterattack force in response to American raids on the Brown Islands in Micronesia, but no contact was made and the ship returned to the base.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> On 17 October 1943, Haruna again left Truk as part of an even larger force—five battleships, three fleet carriers, eight heavy cruisers, three light cruisers and numerous destroyers—in response to American raids on <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a>. When no contact was made the force returned to Truk on 26 October 1943. On 16 December 1943, she arrived at Sasebo for refits and inland-sea training.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1944:_Final_combat_actions">1944: Final combat actions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1944: Final combat actions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kongo_class_battleship_drawing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="an American intelligence drawing of Haruna from the starboard side, giving particular shaded emphasis to her main and secondary guns" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Kongo_class_battleship_drawing.png/220px-Kongo_class_battleship_drawing.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Kongo_class_battleship_drawing.png/330px-Kongo_class_battleship_drawing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Kongo_class_battleship_drawing.png/440px-Kongo_class_battleship_drawing.png 2x" data-file-width="3926" data-file-height="1698" /></a><figcaption>A drawing from the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Intelligence" title="Office of Naval Intelligence">Office of Naval Intelligence</a> depicting the Kongō class in 1944–1945</figcaption></figure> On 25 January 1944, Captain Kazu Shigenaga assumed command of Haruna while the ship was stationed at Kure. The 3rd Battleship Division departed Kure on 8 March 1944. Arriving at Lingga on 14 March 1944, the division remained for training until 11 May 1944.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> On 11 May 1944, Haruna and Admiral Ozawa's Mobile Fleet departed Lingga for <a href="/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a>, where they were joined by Vice-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Takeo_Kurita" title="Takeo Kurita">Takeo Kurita</a>'s "Force C". On 13 June, Ozawa's Mobile Fleet departed Tawitawi for the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Philippine_Sea" title="Battle of the Philippine Sea">Battle of the Philippine Sea</a>, Haruna escorted Japanese fast carriers, and was hit by two 500 lb (230 kg) armor-piercing bombs on 20 June 1944 from U.S. carrier aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> On 24 June, she was drydocked in Kure for repairs and refitting. In August 1944 she transferred to Lingga.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf">Battle of Leyte Gulf</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Battle of Leyte Gulf">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Battle of Leyte Gulf</a></div> In October 1944, Haruna departed Lingga in preparation for "Operation Sho-1", Japan's counterattack during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Battle of Leyte Gulf</a>, the largest naval engagement in history, as part of Admiral Takao Kurita's center force, consisting of herself and her sister ship <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Kong%C5%8D" title="Japanese battleship Kongō">Kongō</a>, the battleship <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Nagato" title="Japanese battleship Nagato">Nagato</a>, and the "super battleships" <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Yamato" title="Japanese battleship Yamato">Yamato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Musashi" title="Japanese battleship Musashi">Musashi</a>, the largest and most powerful battleships ever built, supported by ten heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, and fifteen destroyers. The plan immediately had its hiccups. On the 23rd, the submarine <a href="/wiki/USS_Darter_(SS-227)" title="USS Darter (SS-227)">USS Darter</a> sank the heavy cruiser <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Atago" title="Japanese cruiser Atago">Atago</a>, followed by the submarine <a href="/wiki/USS_Dace_(SS-247)" title="USS Dace (SS-247)">USS Dace</a> torpedoing and sinking the heavy cruiser <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Maya" title="Japanese cruiser Maya">Maya</a>, then Darter crippled the heavy cruiser <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Takao_(1930)" title="Japanese cruiser Takao (1930)">Takao</a>, forcing her out of the battle alongside two destroyers to escort her.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> The next day, air attacks from US <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a> persisted. Haruna survived with only minor damage from bomb splinters, but Musashi was sunk and the heavy cruiser <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_My%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Japanese cruiser Myōkō">Myōkō</a> was crippled and forced out of the battle alongside two more destroyers to escort her.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_off_Samar">Battle off Samar</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Battle off Samar">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf#Battle_off_Samar_(25_October_1944)" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Battle of Leyte Gulf § Battle off Samar (25 October 1944)</a></div> A false retreat tricked the US into believing the Japanese center force was well out of the battle, leading to <a href="/wiki/William_Halsey_Jr." title="William Halsey Jr.">Admiral Halsey</a> chasing <a href="/wiki/Jisabur%C5%8D_Ozawa" title="Jisaburō Ozawa">Admiral Ozawa's</a> decoy force. On the 25th, the diminished center force located <a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Samar" title="Battle off Samar">Taffy 3</a>, a small US task force of six escort carriers, three destroyers, and four destroyer escorts, prompting Haruna to fire away. She initially targeted the destroyer <a href="/wiki/USS_Johnston_(DD-557)" title="USS Johnston (DD-557)">USS Johnston</a> with her 6-inch (152 mm) secondary guns, but missed her shots before reengaging the escort carriers. At 7:54, Haruna hit the escort carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Kalinin_Bay" title="USS Kalinin Bay">USS Kalinin Bay</a> with a 14-inch (356 mm) shell to her hangar bay from a distance of 16,400 yards (15,000 meters), disabling her aircraft elevator. Haruna was then targeted by destroyer-launched torpedoes, but they all missed. At 8:10, Haruna (probably) hit the escort carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Gambier_Bay" title="USS Gambier Bay">USS Gambier Bay</a> with a 14-inch (356 mm) shell to her stern, causing negligible damage, as almost simultaneously Yamato hit her with an 18.1-inch (46 cm) shell that punched through her hangar bay.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Haruna failed to hit Gambier Bay again as Yamato caused the majority of the fatal damage which sank the flat top.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> After a fierce defensive action by the American ships, Admiral Kurita elected to withdraw, ending the battle.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> Following the Japanese Navy's defeat at Leyte Gulf, Haruna returned to Brunei and Lingga for repairs. On 22 November 1944, she ran aground on a coral reef near Lingga, suffering serious damage to her watertight compartments and forcing her to return to Sasebo, where the hull was patched and repaired.<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> On 2 December 1944, while returning to Japan from Southeast Asia as part of a task group, she evaded torpedoes fired by an American submarine. On 9 December, three more American submarines—<a href="/wiki/USS_Sea_Devil_(SS-400)" title="USS Sea Devil (SS-400)">USS Sea Devil</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Plaice" title="USS Plaice">Plaice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/USS_Redfish_(SS-395)" title="USS Redfish (SS-395)">Redfish</a>—intercepted the task group and they proceeded to permanently cripple the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Jun%27y%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Jun'yō">Junyō</a> with three torpedo hits. Unharmed, Haruna arrived at Sasebo the following day. At the end of 1944, she transferred to Kure for full repairs and upgrading, having survived a year in which four other Japanese battleships had been lost.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945:_Loss">1945: Loss</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1945: Loss">edit</a>]</div> On 1 January 1945, Haruna was removed from the deactivated 3rd Battleship Division and transferred to the 1st Battleship Division of the 2nd Fleet. On 10 February, Haruna was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Kure_Naval_District" title="Kure Naval District">Kure Naval District</a>. On 19 March 1945, American carrier aircraft <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Kure_(March_1945)" title="Attack on Kure (March 1945)">attacked the remainder of the Japanese Navy</a> at Kure. The base was defended by veteran Japanese fighter instructors flying <a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_N1K-J" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawanishi N1K-J">Kawanishi N1K-J</a> "Shiden" or "George" fighters, led by the man who planned the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minoru_Genda" title="Minoru Genda">Minoru Genda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-R-82-160-39">[38]</a> These fighter planes were superior in some respects to America's main fighter, the <a href="/wiki/F6F_Hellcat" class="mw-redirect" title="F6F Hellcat">F6F Hellcat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-R-82-160-39">[38]</a> They surprised the attackers, destroyed several American aircraft, and defended the base from the brunt of the attack.<a href="#cite_note-Fast_Carriers_338-40">[39]</a> Haruna sustained light damage from a single bomb on the starboard side,<a href="#cite_note-cfrecord-5">[5]</a> and remained at Kure.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> On 24 July 1945, the U.S. Navy's <a href="/wiki/Task_Force_38" class="mw-redirect" title="Task Force 38">Task Force 38</a> began a series of <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kure_(July_1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Kure (July 1945)">aerial attacks on Kure Naval Base</a> to destroy the last remnants of Japan's navy. The same day, the battleship <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Hy%C5%ABga" title="Japanese battleship Hyūga">Hyūga</a> was sunk,<a href="#cite_note-jackson-00-129-42">[41]</a> and Haruna was hit by a single bomb which caused light damage.<a href="#cite_note-stille20-43">[42]</a> Four days later, she sustained eight bomb hits from Task Force 38's aircraft and sank at her moorings at 16:15.<a href="#cite_note-jackson-00-129-42">[41]</a> In two days of attacks, 65 officers and men of Haruna were killed. Her remnants were raised from the sea floor in 1946 and <a href="/wiki/Ship_breaking" title="Ship breaking">broken up</a> over the course of two months.<a href="#cite_note-stille20-43">[42]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Haruna_under_fitting-out_works.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Haruna's fitting-out at Kôbe in October 1914"><img alt="Haruna in the final phases of her construction, with her main guns being attached to the bow turrets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Haruna_under_fitting-out_works.jpg/200px-Haruna_under_fitting-out_works.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Haruna_under_fitting-out_works.jpg/300px-Haruna_under_fitting-out_works.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Haruna_under_fitting-out_works.jpg/400px-Haruna_under_fitting-out_works.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3104" data-file-height="1971" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Haruna's fitting-out at Kôbe in October 1914</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Navy_carrier_aircraft_attack_the_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_near_Kure,_Japan,_on_28_July_1945_(80-G-490226).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Haruna at her moorings near Kure, Japan, under attack by U.S. Navy carrier aircraft, 28 July 1945"><img alt="Haruna anchored near the shore, shortly after two aerial-dropped bombs narrowly missed her" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/U.S._Navy_carrier_aircraft_attack_the_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_near_Kure%2C_Japan%2C_on_28_July_1945_%2880-G-490226%29.jpg/200px-U.S._Navy_carrier_aircraft_attack_the_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_near_Kure%2C_Japan%2C_on_28_July_1945_%2880-G-490226%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/U.S._Navy_carrier_aircraft_attack_the_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_near_Kure%2C_Japan%2C_on_28_July_1945_%2880-G-490226%29.jpg/300px-U.S._Navy_carrier_aircraft_attack_the_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_near_Kure%2C_Japan%2C_on_28_July_1945_%2880-G-490226%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/U.S._Navy_carrier_aircraft_attack_the_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_near_Kure%2C_Japan%2C_on_28_July_1945_%2880-G-490226%29.jpg/400px-U.S._Navy_carrier_aircraft_attack_the_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_near_Kure%2C_Japan%2C_on_28_July_1945_%2880-G-490226%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5756" data-file-height="4509" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Haruna at her moorings near Kure, Japan, under attack by U.S. Navy carrier aircraft, 28 July 1945</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_battleship_Haruna_under_attack_on_28_July_1945_(80-G-490224).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Under attack by U.S. Navy carrier aircraft, 28 July 1945 at close range."><img alt="Under attack by U.S. Navy carrier aircraft, 28 July 1945 at close range." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Japanese_battleship_Haruna_under_attack_on_28_July_1945_%2880-G-490224%29.jpg/200px-Japanese_battleship_Haruna_under_attack_on_28_July_1945_%2880-G-490224%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Japanese_battleship_Haruna_under_attack_on_28_July_1945_%2880-G-490224%29.jpg/300px-Japanese_battleship_Haruna_under_attack_on_28_July_1945_%2880-G-490224%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Japanese_battleship_Haruna_under_attack_on_28_July_1945_%2880-G-490224%29.jpg/400px-Japanese_battleship_Haruna_under_attack_on_28_July_1945_%2880-G-490224%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5756" data-file-height="4492" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Under attack by U.S. Navy carrier aircraft, 28 July 1945 at close range.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunken_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_off_Koyo,_Etajima_(Japan),_on_8_October_1945_(80-G-351726).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Haruna sunken at her moorings, 8 October 1945"><img alt="a heavily damaged Haruna, having sunk from the stern, several days after coming under attack at her moorings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sunken_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_off_Koyo%2C_Etajima_%28Japan%29%2C_on_8_October_1945_%2880-G-351726%29.jpg/200px-Sunken_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_off_Koyo%2C_Etajima_%28Japan%29%2C_on_8_October_1945_%2880-G-351726%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sunken_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_off_Koyo%2C_Etajima_%28Japan%29%2C_on_8_October_1945_%2880-G-351726%29.jpg/300px-Sunken_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_off_Koyo%2C_Etajima_%28Japan%29%2C_on_8_October_1945_%2880-G-351726%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sunken_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_off_Koyo%2C_Etajima_%28Japan%29%2C_on_8_October_1945_%2880-G-351726%29.jpg/400px-Sunken_Japanese_battleship_Haruna_off_Koyo%2C_Etajima_%28Japan%29%2C_on_8_October_1945_%2880-G-351726%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4632" data-file-height="3047" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Haruna sunken at her moorings, 8 October 1945</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:470519_battleship_Haruna.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wreck of Haruna partially scrapped, with her superstructure and guns removed, 19 May 1947"><img alt="Wreck of Haruna partially scrapped, with her superstructure and guns removed, 19 May 1947" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/470519_battleship_Haruna.jpg/160px-470519_battleship_Haruna.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/470519_battleship_Haruna.jpg/240px-470519_battleship_Haruna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/470519_battleship_Haruna.jpg/320px-470519_battleship_Haruna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="1811" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wreck of Haruna partially scrapped, with her superstructure and guns removed, 19 May 1947</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> The Emperor's Special Ship was designated as his official means of naval transport throughout the Japanese Empire. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-jackson-07-27-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-07-27_1-20">u</a> Jackson (2008), p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-Conway's-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Conway's_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conway's_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conway's_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conway's_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conway's_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conway's_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Conway's_2-6">g</a> Gardiner and Gray (1980), p. 234. </li> <li id="cite_note-kongoclass-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kongoclass_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kongoclass_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kongoclass_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kongoclass_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kongoclass_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kongoclass_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kongoclass_3-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kongoclass_3-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kongoclass_3-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kongoclass_3-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kongoclass_3-10">k</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFParshall,_Jon;_Hackett,_Bob;_Kingsepp,_Sander;_Nevitt,_Allyn2010" class="citation web cs1">Parshall, Jon; Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander; Nevitt, Allyn (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://combinedfleet.com/ships/kongo">"Combined Fleet – Kongō class battle cruiser"</a>. Retrieved 11 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Combined+Fleet+%E2%80%93+Kong%C5%8D+class+battle+cruiser&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Parshall%2C+Jon%3B+Hackett%2C+Bob%3B+Kingsepp%2C+Sander%3B+Nevitt%2C+Allyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcombinedfleet.com%2Fships%2Fkongo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+battleship+Haruna" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-stille16-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stille16_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stille16_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stille16_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stille16_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stille16_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stille16_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stille16_4-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stille16_4-7">h</a> Stille, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-cfrecord-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cfrecord_5-23">x</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParshall,_Jon;_Hackett,_Bob;_Kingsepp,_Sander;_Nevitt,_Allyn2010" class="citation web cs1">Parshall, Jon; Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander; Nevitt, Allyn (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://combinedfleet.com/haruna.htm">"Combined Fleet – tabular history of Haruna"</a>. Retrieved 11 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Combined+Fleet+%E2%80%93+tabular+history+of+Haruna&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Parshall%2C+Jon%3B+Hackett%2C+Bob%3B+Kingsepp%2C+Sander%3B+Nevitt%2C+Allyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcombinedfleet.com%2Fharuna.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+battleship+Haruna" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-NW-14-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NW-14_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NW-14_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NW-14_6-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiGiulian2009" class="citation web cs1">DiGiulian, Tony (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://navweaps.com/Weapons/WNJAP_14-45_t41.htm">"Japanese 14"/45 (35.6 cm) 41st Year Type"</a>. Navweaps.com. Retrieved 26 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+14%22%2F45+%2835.6+cm%29+41st+Year+Type&rft.pub=Navweaps.com&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=DiGiulian&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnavweaps.com%2FWeapons%2FWNJAP_14-45_t41.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+battleship+Haruna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14/45-7"><a href="#cite_ref-14/45_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParshall,_Jon;_Hackett,_Bob;_Kingsepp,_Sander;_Nevitt,_Allyn2010" class="citation web cs1">Parshall, Jon; Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander; Nevitt, Allyn (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://combinedfleet.com/360_45.htm">"Combined Fleet – 14"/45 Naval Gun"</a>. Retrieved 11 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Combined+Fleet+%E2%80%93+14%22%2F45+Naval+Gun&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Parshall%2C+Jon%3B+Hackett%2C+Bob%3B+Kingsepp%2C+Sander%3B+Nevitt%2C+Allyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcombinedfleet.com%2F360_45.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+battleship+Haruna" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-jackson-00-48-8"><a href="#cite_ref-jackson-00-48_8-0">^</a> Jackson (2000), p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-NW6-9"><a href="#cite_ref-NW6_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiGiulian2010" class="citation web cs1">DiGiulian, Tony (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNJAP_6-50_t41.htm">"Japanese 6"/50"</a>. Navweaps.com. Retrieved 26 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+6%22%2F50&rft.pub=Navweaps.com&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=DiGiulian&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navweaps.com%2FWeapons%2FWNJAP_6-50_t41.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+battleship+Haruna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NW5-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NW5_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NW5_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiGiulian2008" class="citation web cs1">DiGiulian, Tony (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNJAP_5-40_t89.htm">"Japanese 5"/40"</a>. Navweaps.com. Retrieved 26 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+5%22%2F40&rft.pub=Navweaps.com&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=DiGiulian&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navweaps.com%2FWeapons%2FWNJAP_5-40_t89.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+battleship+Haruna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jackson-00-67-11"><a href="#cite_ref-jackson-00-67_11-0">^</a> Jackson (2000), p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-jackson-00-68-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-00-68_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-00-68_12-1">b</a> Jackson (2000), p. 68. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Jackson (2000), p. 69. </li> <li id="cite_note-jackson-00-72-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-00-72_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-00-72_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-00-72_15-2">c</a> Jackson (2000), p. 72. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Willmott (2002), p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-stille18-17"><a href="#cite_ref-stille18_17-0">^</a> Stille, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-mccurtie185-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mccurtie185_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mccurtie185_18-1">b</a> McCurtie, p. 185. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Willmott (2002), p. 23–24. </li> <li id="cite_note-stille19-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stille19_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stille19_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stille19_20-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stille19_20-3">d</a> Stille, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Willmott (2002), p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Toland_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Toland (author)">John Toland</a>, The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945, Random House NY, 1970. pp. 307–308 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=12363815&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjIxOTgwNjAzNSwiaWF0IjoxNjEyNTM3NDkzLCJleHAiOjE2MTI2MjM4OTN9.rEWmfBcOjsaAukWvLBm7ZASU5x0RM8w2Kg0H_RcGQxQ">"Stimson Confirms Sinking of Japanese Battleship"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plainfield_Courier-News" class="mw-redirect" title="Plainfield Courier-News">Plainfield Courier-News</a>. 11 December 1941. Retrieved 5 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Stimson+Confirms+Sinking+of+Japanese+Battleship&rft.date=1941-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F%3Fclipping_id%3D12363815%26fcfToken%3DeyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjIxOTgwNjAzNSwiaWF0IjoxNjEyNTM3NDkzLCJleHAiOjE2MTI2MjM4OTN9.rEWmfBcOjsaAukWvLBm7ZASU5x0RM8w2Kg0H_RcGQxQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+battleship+Haruna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Boyle (1998), p. 368. </li> <li id="cite_note-boyle370-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-boyle370_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boyle370_25-1">b</a> Boyle (1998), p. 370. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Willmott (2002), p. 93. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Willmott (2002), p. 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-schom382-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schom382_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schom382_28-1">b</a> Schom, p. 382. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Swanston, p. 220. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Swanston, p. 223. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Willmott (2002), p. 141. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Swanston, p. 352. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.combinedfleet.com/maya_t.htm">"Imperial Cruisers"</a>. www.combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 6 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.combinedfleet.com&rft.atitle=Imperial+Cruisers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.combinedfleet.com%2Fmaya_t.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+battleship+Haruna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Steinberg (1980), p. 49. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSix2015" class="citation web cs1">Six, Ronald (8 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/clash-in-the-sibuyan-sea-gambier-bay/">"Clash in the Sibuyan Sea: Gambier Bay"</a>. Warfare History Network. Retrieved 7 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Warfare+History+Network&rft.atitle=Clash+in+the+Sibuyan+Sea%3A+Gambier+Bay&rft.date=2015-12-08&rft.aulast=Six&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarfarehistorynetwork.com%2Fclash-in-the-sibuyan-sea-gambier-bay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+battleship+Haruna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tapatalk.com/groups/warships1discussionboards/battle-of-leyte-gulf-center-force-intercepted-by-o-t17714-s60.html">"NavWeaps Forums-Battle of Leyte Gulf (Center force intercepted by Oldendorf)"</a>. NavWeaps Forums. 30 August 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NavWeaps+Forums&rft.atitle=NavWeaps+Forums-Battle+of+Leyte+Gulf+%28Center+force+intercepted+by+Oldendorf%29&rft.date=2011-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tapatalk.com%2Fgroups%2Fwarships1discussionboards%2Fbattle-of-leyte-gulf-center-force-intercepted-by-o-t17714-s60.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+battleship+Haruna" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Boyle (1998), p. 508. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Jackson (2000), p. 127. </li> <li id="cite_note-R-82-160-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R-82-160_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-R-82-160_39-1">b</a> Reynolds (1982), p. 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-Fast_Carriers_338-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Fast_Carriers_338_40-0">^</a> Reynolds (1968), p. 338. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Jackson (2000), p. 128. </li> <li id="cite_note-jackson-00-129-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-00-129_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson-00-129_42-1">b</a> Jackson (2000), p. 129. </li> <li id="cite_note-stille20-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stille20_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stille20_43-1">b</a> Stille, p. 20. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_references">General references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: General references">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Boyle, David (1998). World War II in Photographs. London. Rebo Productions. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84053-089-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-84053-089-8">1-84053-089-8</a></li> <li>Jackson, Robert (2000). The World's Great Battleships. Brown Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-897884-60-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-897884-60-5">1-897884-60-5</a></li> <li>Jackson, Robert (editor) (2008). 101 Great Warships. London: Amber Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905704-72-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905704-72-9">978-1-905704-72-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLengererAhlberg2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Lengerer, Hans & Ahlberg, Lars (2019). Capital Ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy 1868–1945: Ironclads, Battleships and Battle Cruisers: An Outline History of Their Design, Construction and Operations. Vol. I: Armourclad Fusō to Kongō Class Battle Cruisers. Zagreb, Croatia: Despot Infinitus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-8218-26-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-8218-26-2"><bdi>978-953-8218-26-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capital+Ships+of+the+Imperial+Japanese+Navy+1868%E2%80%931945%3A+Ironclads%2C+Battleships+and+Battle+Cruisers%3A+An+Outline+History+of+Their+Design%2C+Construction+and+Operations&rft.place=Zagreb%2C+Croatia&rft.pub=Despot+Infinitus&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-953-8218-26-2&rft.aulast=Lengerer&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft.au=Ahlberg%2C+Lars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+battleship+Haruna" class="Z3988"></li> <li>McCurtie, Francis (1989) [1945]. Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II. London: Bracken Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85170-194-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85170-194-X">1-85170-194-X</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParshallHackettKingseppNevitt1997–2009" class="citation web cs1">Parshall, Jon; Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander; Nevitt, Allyn (1997–2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://combinedfleet.com/">"Imperial Japanese Navy Page"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+Japanese+Navy+Page&rft.date=1997%2F2009&rft.aulast=Parshall&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.au=Hackett%2C+Bob&rft.au=Kingsepp%2C+Sander&rft.au=Nevitt%2C+Allyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcombinedfleet.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+battleship+Haruna" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clark_G._Reynolds" title="Clark G. Reynolds">Reynolds, Clark G.</a> (1968). The Fast Carriers; The Forging of an Air Navy. New York, Toronto, London, Sydney: McGraw-Hill Book Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-701-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-701-5"><bdi>1-55750-701-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fast+Carriers%3B+The+Forging+of+an+Air+Navy&rft.place=New+York%2C+Toronto%2C+London%2C+Sydney&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Book+Company&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=1-55750-701-5&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Clark+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+battleship+Haruna" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Reynolds, Clark G (1982). The Carrier War. Time-Life Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8094-3304-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8094-3304-4">0-8094-3304-4</a></li> <li>Schom, Alan (2004). The Eagle and the Rising Sun: The Japanese-American War, 1941–1943. Norton & Company. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-32628-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-32628-4">0-393-32628-4</a></li> <li>Steinberg, Rafael (1980) Return to the Philippines. Time-Life Books Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8094-2516-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8094-2516-5">0-8094-2516-5</a></li> <li>Stille, Cdr Mark (2008). Imperial Japanese Navy Battleships 1941–1945. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-280-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-280-6">978-1-84603-280-6</a></li> <li>Swanston, Alexander and Swanston, Malcolm (2007). The Historical Atlas of World War II. London: Cartographica Press Ltd. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-2200-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7858-2200-3">0-7858-2200-3</a></li> <li>Willmott, H.P. and <a href="/wiki/John_Keegan" title="John Keegan">Keegan, John</a> (2002) [1999]. The Second World War in the Far East. Smithsonian Books. LCCN 2004049199. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58834-192-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-58834-192-5">1-58834-192-5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Haruna_(ship,_1915)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Haruna (ship, 1915)">Haruna</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtayjFeUFQY">Wrecked at Kure</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapps.gsi.go.jp/contentsImageDisplay.do?specificationId=1175014&isDetail=true">Aerial photography after war</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kongō-class_battlecruisers" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Kongō-class_battlecruisers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kong%C5%8D-class_battlecruiser" title="Kongō-class battlecruiser">Kongō-class battlecruisers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Kong%C5%8D" title="Japanese battleship Kongō">Kongō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Hiei" title="Japanese battleship Hiei">Hiei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Kirishima" title="Japanese battleship Kirishima">Kirishima</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Haruna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/Amagi-class_battlecruiser" title="Amagi-class battlecruiser">Amagi class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battlecruisers_of_Japan" title="List of battlecruisers of Japan">List of battlecruisers of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battleships_of_Japan" title="List of battleships of Japan">List of battleships of Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_July_1945" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:July_1945_shipwrecks" title="Template:July 1945 shipwrecks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:July_1945_shipwrecks" title="Template talk:July 1945 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:July_1945_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:July 1945 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_July_1945" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in July 1945</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_July_1945" title="List of shipwrecks in July 1945">Shipwrecks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2 Jul: <a href="/wiki/SS_Pengreep" title="SS Pengreep">Empire Fal</a></li> <li>3 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Compania_de_Filipinas" title="Compania de Filipinas">Hoei Maru</a></li> <li>4 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cruiser_Bahia" title="Brazilian cruiser Bahia">Bahia</a></li> <li>8 Jul: <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_O_19" title="HNLMS O 19">HNLMS O 19</a></li> <li>10 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_tanker_Sakura_Maru_(1943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese tanker Sakura Maru (1943)">Sakura Maru</a></li> <li>11 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Sakura_(1944)" title="Japanese destroyer Sakura (1944)">Sakura</a></li> <li>14 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_escort_ship_Hakuh%C5%8D_Maru" title="Japanese escort ship Hakuhō Maru">Hakuhō Maru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Tachibana_(1944)" title="Japanese destroyer Tachibana (1944)">Tachibana</a></li> <li>15 Jul: <a href="/wiki/SS_Francis_Preston_Blair" title="SS Francis Preston Blair">Francis Preston Blair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-351" title="Japanese submarine I-351">I-351</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Stockton_(DD-73)" title="USS Stockton (DD-73)">HMS Ludlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Maori_(F24)" title="HMS Maori (F24)">HMS Maori</a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Walter_L_M_Russ" title="SS Walter L M Russ">Walter L M Russ</a></li> <li>16 Jul: <a href="/wiki/USS_Gamble" title="USS Gamble">USS Gamble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-13" title="Japanese submarine I-13">I-13</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_gunboat_Nankai" title="Japanese gunboat Nankai">Nankai</a></li> <li>17 Jul: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Athlete_(W_150)" title="HMS Athlete (W 150)">HMS Athlete</a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_John_H._Hammond" title="SS John H. Hammond">John H. Hammond</a></li> <li>18 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Urakaze_(1915)" title="Japanese destroyer Urakaze (1915)">Decommissioned Destroyer No. 18</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-372" title="Japanese submarine I-372">I-372</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Kasuga" title="Japanese cruiser Kasuga">Kasuga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Yakaze" title="Japanese destroyer Yakaze">Yakaze</a></li> <li>20 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_seaplane_tender_Kiyokawa_Maru" title="Japanese seaplane tender Kiyokawa Maru">Kiyokawa Maru</a></li> <li>23 Jul: <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Bantam_(1938)" class="mw-redirect" title="HNLMS Bantam (1938)">Cha-117</a></li> <li>24 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Aoba" title="Japanese cruiser Aoba">Aoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Amagi" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Amagi">Amagi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Hy%C5%ABga" title="Japanese battleship Hyūga">Hyūga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Iwate" title="Japanese cruiser Iwate">Iwate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Settsu" title="Japanese battleship Settsu">Settsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Squirrel_(J301)" title="HMS Squirrel (J301)">HMS Squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Tone_(1937)" title="Japanese cruiser Tone (1937)">Tone</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Underhill" title="USS Underhill">USS Underhill</a></li> <li>25 Jul: <a href="/wiki/SS_Conte_Verde" title="SS Conte Verde">Kotobuki Maru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Nadakaze" title="Japanese destroyer Nadakaze">PB-2</a></li> <li>26 Jul: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Vestal_(J215)" title="HMS Vestal (J215)">HMS Vestal</a></li> <li>28 Jul: <a href="/wiki/USS_Callaghan_(DD-792)" title="USS Callaghan (DD-792)">USS Callaghan</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Haruna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Ise" title="Japanese battleship Ise">Ise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Izumo" title="Japanese cruiser Izumo">Izumo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_%C5%8Cyodo" title="Japanese cruiser Ōyodo">Ōyodo</a></li> <li>30 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Hatsushimo_(1933)" title="Japanese destroyer Hatsushimo (1933)">Hatsushimo</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Indianapolis_(CA-35)" title="USS Indianapolis (CA-35)">USS Indianapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_escort_ship_Okinawa" title="Japanese escort ship Okinawa">Okinawa</a></li> <li>Unknown date: <a href="/wiki/USS_Bancroft_(DD-256)" title="USS Bancroft (DD-256)">HMCS St. Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>18 Jul: <a href="/wiki/USS_Gabilan" title="USS Gabilan">USS Gabilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Hank" title="USS Hank">USS Hank</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Wallace_L._Lind" title="USS Wallace L. Lind">USS Wallace L. Lind</a></li> <li>24 Jul: <a href="/wiki/USS_Colahan" title="USS Colahan">USS Colahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Toro" title="USS Toro">USS Toro</a></li> <li>25 Jul: <a href="/wiki/SS_Howard_M._Hanna_Jr." title="SS Howard M. Hanna Jr.">SS Howard M. Hanna Jr.</a></li> <li>26 Jul: <a href="/wiki/USS_Marlin_(SS-205)" title="USS Marlin (SS-205)">USS Marlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1944" title="List of shipwrecks in 1944">1944</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1944" title="List of shipwrecks in 1944"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1945" title="List of shipwrecks in 1945">1945</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1946" title="List of shipwrecks in 1946"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1946" title="List of shipwrecks in 1946">1946</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_June_1945" title="List of shipwrecks in June 1945">June 1945</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_June_1945" title="List of shipwrecks in June 1945"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_August_1945" title="List of shipwrecks in August 1945"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_August_1945" title="List of shipwrecks in August 1945">August 1945</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&oldid=1262986294">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&oldid=1262986294</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kong%C5%8D-class_battlecruisers" title="Category:Kongō-class battlecruisers">Kongō-class battlecruisers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ships_built_by_Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries" title="Category:Ships built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries">Ships built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1913_ships" title="Category:1913 ships">1913 ships</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Second_Sino-Japanese_War_naval_ships_of_Japan" title="Category:Second Sino-Japanese War naval ships of Japan">Second Sino-Japanese War naval ships of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_battleships_of_Japan" title="Category:World War II battleships of Japan">World War II battleships of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battleships_sunk_by_aircraft" title="Category:Battleships sunk by aircraft">Battleships sunk by aircraft</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ships_sunk_by_US_aircraft" title="Category:Ships sunk by US aircraft">Ships sunk by US aircraft</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shipwrecks_in_the_Inland_Sea" title="Category:Shipwrecks in the Inland Sea">Shipwrecks in the Inland Sea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_shipwrecks_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean">World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maritime_incidents_in_July_1945" title="Category:Maritime incidents in July 1945">Maritime incidents in July 1945</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_articles" title="Category:Featured articles">Featured articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2020">Use dmy dates from December 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 December 2024, at 01:09 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_battleship_Haruna&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-746fb5b8df-hsgqq","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.193","walltime":"1.653","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7811,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":94078,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7706,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":119560,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1494.292 1 -total"," 21.98% 328.484 44 Template:Ship"," 19.83% 296.331 1 Template:July_1945_shipwrecks"," 19.60% 292.899 1 Template:Navbox"," 11.81% 176.489 2 Template:Reflist"," 9.60% 143.401 1 Template:Nihongo"," 9.46% 141.429 10 Template:Cite_web"," 5.93% 88.640 42 Template:Convert"," 5.78% 86.443 19 Template:USS"," 5.58% 83.455 1 Template:Infobox_ship_characteristics"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.685","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17038527,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-58458956bc-mvpzg","timestamp":"20241214010911","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Japanese battleship Haruna","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_battleship_Haruna","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1066681","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1066681","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-12T05:41:02Z","dateModified":"2024-12-14T01:09:09Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d4\/Haruna_1934.jpg","headline":"Japanese battlecruiser"}</script> </body> </html>