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<span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaeltachtaí_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaeltachtaí_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gaeltachtaí in the Republic of Ireland</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gaeltachtaí_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gaeltachtaí in the Republic of Ireland subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gaeltachtaí_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Donegal_Gaeltacht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donegal_Gaeltacht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Donegal Gaeltacht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donegal_Gaeltacht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galway_Gaeltacht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galway_Gaeltacht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Galway Gaeltacht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galway_Gaeltacht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kerry_Gaeltacht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kerry_Gaeltacht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Kerry Gaeltacht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kerry_Gaeltacht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayo_Gaeltacht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayo_Gaeltacht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Mayo Gaeltacht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayo_Gaeltacht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cork_Gaeltacht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cork_Gaeltacht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Cork Gaeltacht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cork_Gaeltacht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waterford_Gaeltacht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterford_Gaeltacht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Waterford Gaeltacht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterford_Gaeltacht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meath_Gaeltacht" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meath_Gaeltacht"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Meath Gaeltacht</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meath_Gaeltacht-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revival_and_innovation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revival_and_innovation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Revival and innovation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Revival_and_innovation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Revival and innovation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Revival_and_innovation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dublin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dublin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Dublin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dublin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Northern Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Clare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Clare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>West Clare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Clare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irish_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irish_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Irish colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irish_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Gaeltacht</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="جيلتخت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيلتخت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82" title="Гэлтахт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гэлтахт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82" title="Гэлтахт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гэлтахт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%84" title="Γκέλταχτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκέλταχτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="گیلتخت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیلتخت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghaeltacht" title="An Ghaeltacht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghaeltacht" title="An Ghaeltacht – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="An Ghaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%BC%ED%84%B0%ED%9D%90%ED%8A%B8" title="게일터흐트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게일터흐트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%98" title="גיילטאכט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיילטאכט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="გელტახტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გელტახტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8F%E3%83%88" title="ゲールタハト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲールタハト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82" title="Гэлтахт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гэлтахт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82" title="Гелтахт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гелтахт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82" title="Гелтахт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гелтахт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E5%8C%BA" title="爱尔兰语区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="爱尔兰语区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Gaeltacht" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q158490#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Irish Gaelic-speaking area. For the Scottish Gaelic-speaking area, see <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0idhealtachd" title="Gàidhealtachd"><i>Gàidhealtachd</i></a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gaeltacht" title="Special:EditPage/Gaeltacht">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gaeltacht%22">"Gaeltacht"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gaeltacht%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gaeltacht%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gaeltacht%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gaeltacht%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gaeltacht%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaeltachtai_le_hainmneacha2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gaeltachtai_le_hainmneacha2.svg/250px-Gaeltachtai_le_hainmneacha2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gaeltachtai_le_hainmneacha2.svg/375px-Gaeltachtai_le_hainmneacha2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gaeltachtai_le_hainmneacha2.svg/500px-Gaeltachtai_le_hainmneacha2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="906" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>Official <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span> regions in Ireland</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/x/: 'ch' in 'loch'">x</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GAYL</span>-təkht</i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Irish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠ]</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;">pl.</span> <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltachtaí</i></span>) is a district of Ireland, either individually or collectively, where the <a href="/wiki/Irish_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish government">Irish government</a> recognises that the <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a> is the predominant <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a>, or language of the home.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span> districts were first officially recognised during the 1920s in the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_revival" title="Gaelic revival">Gaelic revival</a>, as part of a government policy aimed at restoring the Irish language.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span> is threatened by serious language decline.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research published in 2015 showed that Irish is spoken on a daily basis by two-thirds or more of the population in only 21 of the 155 electoral divisions in the <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span>. Daily language use by two-thirds or more of the population is regarded by some academics as a tipping point for language survival.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaeltacht_1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gaeltacht_1926.jpg/220px-Gaeltacht_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gaeltacht_1926.jpg/330px-Gaeltacht_1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gaeltacht_1926.jpg/440px-Gaeltacht_1926.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">An Ghaeltacht</i></span> 1926; areas of the island of Ireland which would have qualified for Gaeltacht status according to the first <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Coimisi%C3%BAn_na_Gaeltachta" title="Coimisiún na Gaeltachta">Coimisiún na Gaeltachta</a></i></span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaeltacht_1956.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gaeltacht_1956.jpg/220px-Gaeltacht_1956.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gaeltacht_1956.jpg/330px-Gaeltacht_1956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gaeltacht_1956.jpg/440px-Gaeltacht_1956.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption><i>An Ghaeltacht</i> 1956</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1926, the official <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span> was designated as a result of the report of the first Gaeltacht Commission <i><a href="/wiki/Coimisi%C3%BAn_na_Gaeltachta" title="Coimisiún na Gaeltachta">Coimisiún na Gaeltachta</a></i>. The exact boundaries were not defined. At the time, an area was classified as <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span> if 80% or more of the population was Irish-speaking; however, partial-<span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span> status was also accorded to many areas that did not meet the threshold, so long as they were at least 25% Irish-speaking. The <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> recognised that there were predominantly Irish-speaking or semi-Irish-speaking districts in 7 of its 26 counties, covering 22 districts.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s, another <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span> Commission concluded that the <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span> boundaries were ill-defined. It recommended that <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span> status be based solely on the strength of language use in an area.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, under the <a href="/wiki/Ministers_and_Secretaries_(Amendment)_Act_1956" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministers and Secretaries (Amendment) Act 1956">Ministers and Secretaries (Amendment) Act 1956</a>, the position of <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Children,_Equality,_Disability,_Integration_and_Youth" title="Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth">Minister for the Gaeltacht</a> (now the <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Tourism,_Culture,_Arts,_Gaeltacht,_Sport_and_Media" title="Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media">Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media</a>) was created. The same legislation allowed the government to designate areas as being <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span> districts.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were initially defined precisely<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and excluded many areas in which the number of Irish speakers had declined. <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span> areas were recognised in seven of the state's 26 counties (nominally <a href="/wiki/County_Donegal" title="County Donegal">Donegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">Galway</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Mayo" title="County Mayo">Mayo</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">Kerry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/County_Waterford" title="County Waterford">Waterford</a>). </p><p>Since then, the <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht</i></span> boundaries have been maintained with minor changes: the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Cloghane" title="Cloghane">An Clochán</a> (<i>Cloghane</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Brandon,_County_Kerry" title="Brandon, County Kerry">Cé Bhréanainn</a> (<i>Brandon</i>) in County Kerry in 1974; the inclusion of a part of West Muskerry in County Cork (although the Irish-speaking population had decreased markedly from what it had been before the 1950s); and the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Baile_Ghib" title="Baile Ghib">Baile Ghib</a> (<i>Gibstown)</i> and <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1th_Cairn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ráth Cairn">Ráth Chairn</a> (<i>Rathcarran</i>) in <a href="/wiki/County_Meath" title="County Meath">County Meath</a> in 1967. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century">21st century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A study in 2005 by the Educational Council for Gaeltacht and Irish-Medium Schools, said that Gaeltacht schools were facing a crisis. It forecast that, without support, few of them would be teaching in Irish in 20 years' time. This would threaten the future of the Gaeltacht. Parents felt that the educational system did not support their efforts to pass on Irish as a living language to their children. The study added that a significant number of Gaeltacht schools had switched to teaching in English, and others were wavering.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002 the third <i>Coimisiún na Gaeltachta</i> stated in its report<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the erosion of the use of Irish in the Gaeltacht was now such that it was only a matter of time before the Gaeltacht disappeared. In some areas, Irish had already ceased to be a community language. Even in the strongest Gaeltacht areas, current patterns of bilingualism were leading to the dominance of English. Policies implemented by the State and voluntary groups were having no effect. </p><p>The report recommended that a new language reinforcement strategy was required, one that had the confidence of the community itself. The Commission recommended, among many other things, that the boundaries of the official Gaeltacht should be redrawn. It also recommended a comprehensive linguistic study to assess the vitality of the Irish language in the remaining Gaeltacht districts. </p><p>The study was undertaken by <i><a href="/wiki/Acadamh_na_hOllscola%C3%ADochta_Gaeilge" title="Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge">Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge</a></i> (part of the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland,_Galway" class="mw-redirect" title="National University of Ireland, Galway">National University of Ireland, Galway</a>). On 1 November 2007 <i>Staidéar Cuimsitheach Teangeolaíoch ar Úsáid na Gaeilge sa Ghaeltacht</i> ("A Comprehensive Linguistic Study of the Usage of Irish in the Gaeltacht") was published.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concerning Gaeltacht boundaries, it suggested creating three linguistic zones within the Gaeltacht region: </p> <ul><li>A – more than 67% daily Irish speaking – Irish dominant as the community language</li> <li>B – 44%–66% daily Irish speaking – English dominant, with large Irish-speaking minority</li> <li>C – less than 44% daily Irish speaking – English dominant, but with Irish-speaking minority much higher than the national average of Irish speaking</li></ul> <p>The report suggested that Category A districts should be the State's priority in providing services through Irish and development schemes. It also said that Category C areas that showed a further decline in the use of Irish should lose their Gaeltacht status. </p><p>The 2006 Census data shows that of the 95,000 people living within the official Gaeltacht, approximately 17,000 belonged to Category A areas, 10,000 to Category B, and 17,000 to Category C, leaving about 50,000 in Gaeltacht areas that did not meet the minimum criteria.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to this situation, the government introduced the Gaeltacht Bill 2012. Its stated aim was to provide for a new definition of boundaries based on language criteria, but it was criticised for doing the opposite of this. </p><p>Critics drew attention to Section 7 of the Bill, which stated that all areas "currently within the Gaeltacht" would maintain their current Gaeltacht status, regardless of whether Irish was used. This status could only be revoked if the area failed to prepare a language plan (with no necessary relationship to the documented number of speakers).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bill was also criticised for placing all responsibility for the maintenance of Irish on voluntary organisations, with no increase in government resources.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annual report in 2012 by the Language Commissioner for Irish reinforced these criticisms by emphasising the failure of the State to provide Irish-language services to Irish speakers in the Gaeltacht and elsewhere. The report said that Irish in the Gaeltacht was now at its most fragile and that the State could not expect that Irish would survive as a community language if the State kept forcing the use of English on Gaeltacht communities.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A report published in 2015, <i>Nuashonrú ar an Staidéar Cuimsitheach Teangeolaíoch ar Úsáid na Gaeilge sa Ghaeltacht: 2006–2011</i>, said that on present indicators, Irish will cease to be used as a community language in the Gaeltacht within ten years.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time of the 2022 census, the number of speakers using the language daily had declined to 20,261. The recent decline is in part attributed to the housing crisis, as young people who grew up within the Gaeltacht are unable to afford homes in the area and leave.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geill_sli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Geill_sli.jpg/250px-Geill_sli.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Geill_sli.jpg/375px-Geill_sli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Geill_sli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Traffic_sign" title="Traffic sign">Traffic sign</a>, meaning "Give Way" or "<a href="/wiki/Yield_sign" title="Yield sign">Yield</a>", in <a href="/wiki/Ring,_County_Waterford" title="Ring, County Waterford">Ring, County Waterford</a></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stad_Irish_stop_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stad_Irish_stop_sign.jpg/250px-Stad_Irish_stop_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Stad_Irish_stop_sign.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="233" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Traffic_sign" title="Traffic sign">Traffic sign</a>, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Stop_sign" title="Stop sign">Stop</a>"</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Tourism,_Culture,_Arts,_Gaeltacht,_Sport_and_Media" title="Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media">Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media</a>, under the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Tourism,_Culture,_Arts,_Gaeltacht,_Sport_and_Media" title="Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media">Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media</a>, is responsible for the overall <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Irish Government</a> policy with respect to the Gaeltacht, and supervises the work of the <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Adar%C3%A1s_na_Gaeltachta" title="Údarás na Gaeltachta">Údarás na Gaeltachta</a></i> and other bodies. <i><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Raidi%C3%B3_na_Gaeltachta" title="RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta">RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta</a></i> is the <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Raidi%C3%B3_Teilif%C3%ADs_%C3%89ireann" class="mw-redirect" title="Raidió Teilifís Éireann">Raidió Teilifís Éireann</a></i></span> (RTÉ) radio station serving the Gaeltacht and Irish speakers generally. <a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a> is the television station which is focused on promoting the Irish language and is based in the <a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">County Galway</a> Gaeltacht. </p><p>In March 2005, <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Children,_Equality,_Disability,_Integration_and_Youth" title="Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth">Minister for Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_%C3%93_Cu%C3%ADv" title="Éamon Ó Cuív">Éamon Ó Cuív</a> announced that the government of Ireland would begin listing only the <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a> versions of place names in the Gaeltachtaí as the official names, stripping the official <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_Ireland" title="Ordnance Survey Ireland">Ordnance Survey</a> of their English equivalents, to bring them up to date with road signs in the Gaeltacht, which have been in Irish only since 1970. This was done under a Placenames Order made under the <a href="/wiki/Official_Languages_Act_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Languages Act (Ireland)">Official Languages Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gaeltachtaí_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland"><span id="Gaeltachta.C3.AD_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland"></span>Gaeltachtaí in the Republic of Ireland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gaeltachtaí in the Republic of Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaeltacht_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gaeltacht_2007.jpg/220px-Gaeltacht_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gaeltacht_2007.jpg/330px-Gaeltacht_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gaeltacht_2007.jpg/440px-Gaeltacht_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="611" /></a><figcaption><i>An Ghaeltacht</i> 2007, zones within Category A</figcaption></figure> <p>The 2022 census of the Republic of Ireland showed that the population of the Gaeltacht was 102,973, 2% of the total population; this figure represented an increase of 2% from 2016. 65,156 (66%) of the Gaeltacht population were Irish speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the 2022 census, English is the family and community language in the majority of the 156 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electoral_Divisions_of_the_Gaeltacht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electoral Divisions of the Gaeltacht (page does not exist)">Electoral Divisions of the Gaeltacht</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png/220px-Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png/330px-Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png/440px-Percentage_stating_they_speak_Irish_daily_outside_the_education_system_in_the_2011_census.png 2x" data-file-width="10560" data-file-height="14885" /></a><figcaption>The percentage of respondents who said they spoke Irish daily outside the education system in the 2011 census.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Gaeltacht districts have historically suffered from mass emigration.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being at the edge of the island they always had fewer railways and roads, and poorer land to farm. Other influences have been the arrival of non-Irish speaking families, the marginal role of the Irish language in the education system and general pressure from the English-speaking community.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no evidence that periods of relative prosperity have materially improved the situation of the language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donegal_Gaeltacht">Donegal Gaeltacht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Donegal Gaeltacht"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/County_Donegal" title="County Donegal">Donegal</a> (or Tyrconnell) Gaeltacht (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Gaeltacht [Chontae] Dhún na nGall</i> or <i>Gaeltacht Thír Chonaill</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has a population of 23,346<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Census 2016) and represents 23.4% of the total Gaeltacht population. The Donegal Gaeltacht encompasses a geographical area of 1,502 km<sup>2</sup> (580 sq mi). This represents 26% of total Gaeltacht land area. The three parishes of <a href="/wiki/The_Rosses" title="The Rosses">the Rosses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gweedore" title="Gweedore">Gweedore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cloughaneely" title="Cloughaneely">Cloughaneely</a> constitute the main centre of population of the Donegal Gaeltacht. There are over 17,132 Irish speakers, 14,500 in areas where it is spoken by 30–100% of the population and 2,500 in areas where it is spoken by less than 30%. In 2006 there were 2,436 people employed in a full-time capacity in <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Adar%C3%A1s_na_Gaeltachta" title="Údarás na Gaeltachta">Údarás na Gaeltachta</a> client companies in the Donegal Gaeltacht. This region is particularly popular with students of the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Irish" title="Ulster Irish">Ulster dialect</a>; each year thousands of students visit the area from <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>. Donegal is unique in the Gaeltacht regions, as its accent and dialect is unmistakably northern in character. The language has many similarities with Scottish Gaelic, which are not evident in other Irish dialects. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signs_in_Irish_-_geograph.org.uk_-_51693.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Signs_in_Irish_-_geograph.org.uk_-_51693.jpg/300px-Signs_in_Irish_-_geograph.org.uk_-_51693.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Signs_in_Irish_-_geograph.org.uk_-_51693.jpg/450px-Signs_in_Irish_-_geograph.org.uk_-_51693.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Signs_in_Irish_-_geograph.org.uk_-_51693.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>Signs in <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dungloe" title="Dungloe">Dungloe</a>, County Donegal.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Gweedore" title="Gweedore">Gweedore</a> in County Donegal is the largest Gaeltacht parish in Ireland, which is home to regional studios of <i><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Raidi%C3%B3_na_Gaeltachta" title="RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta">RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta</a></i>. It has produced well-known traditional musicians, including the bands <a href="/wiki/Altan_(band)" title="Altan (band)">Altan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clannad_(musical_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannad (musical group)">Clannad</a>, as well as the artist <a href="/wiki/Enya" title="Enya">Enya</a>. All three have recorded music in Irish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Galway_Gaeltacht">Galway Gaeltacht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Galway Gaeltacht"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">Galway County</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Gaeltacht Chontae na Gaillimhe</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway City</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Gaeltacht Chathair na Gaillimhe</i>) Gaeltachtaí<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have a combined population of 50,570<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2016) and represent 50.8% of total Gaeltacht population. The Galway Gaeltacht encompasses a geographical area of 1,225 km<sup>2</sup> (473 sq mi). This represents 26% of total Gaeltacht land area. </p><p>There is also a third-level constituent college of <a href="/wiki/NUI_Galway" class="mw-redirect" title="NUI Galway">National University of Ireland Galway</a> (NUIG) called <a href="/wiki/Acadamh_na_hOllscola%C3%ADochta_Gaeilge" title="Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge">Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carraroe" title="Carraroe">An Cheathrú Rua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carna,_County_Galway" title="Carna, County Galway">Carna</a>. The national Irish-language radio station <a href="/wiki/Raidi%C3%B3_na_Gaeltachta" class="mw-redirect" title="Raidió na Gaeltachta">Raidió na Gaeltachta</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Casla" title="Casla">Casla</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Tuairisc.ie" title="Tuairisc.ie">Tuairisc</a></i> online newspaper is in <a href="/wiki/Barna" title="Barna">Barna</a>, and the national television station <a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Baile_na_hAbhann" class="mw-redirect" title="Baile na hAbhann">Baile na hAbhann</a>. Galway city is home to the Irish language theatre <a href="/wiki/Taibhdhearc_na_Gaillimhe" title="Taibhdhearc na Gaillimhe">Taibhdhearc na Gaillimhe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kerry_Gaeltacht">Kerry Gaeltacht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Kerry Gaeltacht"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">Kerry</a> Gaeltacht (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Gaeltacht [Chontae] Chiarraí</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consists of two areas – the western half of <a href="/wiki/Gaeltacht_Corca_Dhuibhne" title="Gaeltacht Corca Dhuibhne">Gaeltacht Corca Dhuibhne</a> (<i>Dingle Peninsula</i>) and central and western parts of <a href="/wiki/Iveragh_Peninsula" title="Iveragh Peninsula">Iveragh Peninsula</a> (<i>Uíbh Ráthach</i>). The largest settlement in Corca Dhuibhne is <a href="/wiki/Dingle" title="Dingle">Dingle</a> and the largest in Iveragh Peninsula is <a href="/wiki/Ballinskelligs" title="Ballinskelligs">Ballinskelligs</a>. The Kerry Gaeltacht has a population of 8,729 (6,185 Irish speakers)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and represents 9% of total Gaeltacht population. The Kerry Gaeltacht encompasses a geographical area of 642 km<sup>2</sup> (248 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayo_Gaeltacht">Mayo Gaeltacht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mayo Gaeltacht"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/County_Mayo" title="County Mayo">Mayo</a> Gaeltacht (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Gaeltacht [Chontae] Mhaigh Eo</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as of 2011 has a total population of 10,886<sup id="cite_ref-census_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and represents 11.5% of the total Gaeltacht population. The Mayo Gaeltacht encompasses a geographical area of 905 km<sup>2</sup> (349 sq mi). This represents 19% of the total Gaeltacht land area and comprises three distinct areas – <a href="/wiki/Erris" title="Erris">Erris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Achill_Island" title="Achill Island">Achill Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toormakeady" title="Toormakeady">Toormakeady</a>. There are 6,667<sup id="cite_ref-census_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irish speakers, with 4,000 living in areas where the language is spoken by 30–100% of the population and 2,500 living in areas where it is spoken by less than 30%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cork_Gaeltacht">Cork Gaeltacht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cork Gaeltacht"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Muskerry"></span> The <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">Cork</a> Gaeltacht (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Gaeltacht [Chontae] Chorcaí</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consists of two areas – <a href="/wiki/Muskerry" title="Muskerry">Muskerry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Clear_Island" title="Cape Clear Island">Cape Clear Island</a>. The Muskerry Gaeltacht has a population of 3,895 people (2,951 Irish speakers)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and represents 4% of the total Gaeltacht population. The Cork Gaeltacht encompasses a geographical area of 262 km<sup>2</sup> (101 sq mi). This represents 6% of the total Gaeltacht area. The largest Muskerry settlements are the villages of <a href="/wiki/Baile_Mhic_%C3%8Dre" class="mw-redirect" title="Baile Mhic Íre">Baile Mhic Íre</a> (Ballymakeera), <a href="/wiki/Baile_Bhuirne" class="mw-redirect" title="Baile Bhuirne">Baile Bhuirne</a> (Ballyvourney), <a href="/wiki/Kilnamartyra" title="Kilnamartyra">Cill na Martra</a> (Kilnamartyra), and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9al_%C3%81tha_an_Ghaorthaidh" class="mw-redirect" title="Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh">Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh</a> (Ballingeary). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterford_Gaeltacht">Waterford Gaeltacht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Waterford Gaeltacht"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/County_Waterford" title="County Waterford">Waterford</a> Gaeltacht (Gaeltacht na nDéise, <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Gaeltacht [Chontae] Phort Láirge</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is ten kilometres (six miles) west of <a href="/wiki/Dungarvan" title="Dungarvan">Dungarvan</a>. It embraces the parishes of Rinn Ua gCuanach (Ring) and An Sean Phobal (Old Parish). The Waterford Gaeltacht has a population of 1,784 people (1,271 Irish speakers)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and represents 2% of total Gaeltacht population. </p><p>All education in Gaeltacht na nDéise is carried out through the medium of Irish. There are two Pre-schools, two Primary level national schools, one Secondary School, Meánscoil San Nioclás and Coláiste na Rinne, a private boarding school and summer college. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meath_Gaeltacht">Meath Gaeltacht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Meath Gaeltacht"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/County_Meath" title="County Meath">Meath</a> Gaeltacht (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Gaeltacht [Chontae] na Mí</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the smallest Gaeltacht area and consists of the two villages of <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1th_Cairn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ráth Cairn">Ráth Cairn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baile_Ghib" title="Baile Ghib">Baile Ghib</a>. <a href="/wiki/Navan" title="Navan">Navan</a>, 8 km (5 mi) from Baile Ghib, is the main urban centre within the region, with a population of more than 20,000. The Meath Gaeltacht has a population of 1,771<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and represents 2% of the total Gaeltacht population. The Meath Gaeltacht encompasses a geographical area of 44 km<sup>2</sup> (17 sq mi). This represents 1% of the total Gaeltacht land area. </p><p>The Meath Gaeltacht has a history quite different from that of the country's other Irish speaking regions. The Ráth Cairn Gaeltacht was founded in 1935 when 41 families from <a href="/wiki/Connemara" title="Connemara">Connemara</a> in West Galway were resettled on land previously acquired by the Irish Land Commission. Each was given 9 hectares (22 acres) to farm. Baile Ghib (formerly Gibbstown) was settled in the same way in 1937, along with Baile Ailin (formerly Allenstown). In the early years, a large percentage of the population returned to <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a> or emigrated, but enough Irish speakers remained to ensure that Ráth Cairn and Baile Ghib were awarded Gaeltacht status in 1967. The original aim of spreading the Irish language into the local community met with no success, and the colonists had to become bilingual.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revival_and_innovation">Revival and innovation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Revival and innovation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Neo-Gaeltacht" title="Neo-Gaeltacht">Neo-Gaeltacht</a></div> <p>There are areas of Ireland, north and south, where an attempt is being made to re-establish Irish-speaking communities, with varying levels of success. Such areas are both urban and rural. Most daily speakers of Irish now live outside the existing Gaeltacht areas, and are particularly numerous in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>. In 2018 <a href="/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge">Foras na Gaeilge</a> announced that Carn Tóchair in <a href="/wiki/County_Londonderry" title="County Londonderry">County Londonderry</a> was going to be one of the first five Líonraí Gaeilge (areas with Irish-speaking networks) on the island of Ireland, along with Belfast, Loughrea in County Galway, <a href="/wiki/Ennis" title="Ennis">Ennis</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">County Clare</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clondalkin" title="Clondalkin">Clondalkin</a> in Dublin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dublin">Dublin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dublin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dublin and its suburbs are reported to be the site of the largest number of daily Irish speakers, with 14,229 persons speaking Irish daily, representing 18 per cent of all daily speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a survey of a small sample of adults who had grown up in Dublin and had completed full-time education, 54% of respondents reported some fluency in Irish, ranging from being able to make small talk to complete fluency. Only 19% of speakers spoke Irish three or more times per week, with a plurality (43%) speaking Irish less than once a fortnight.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is an Irish-language centre <i>Áras Chrónáin</i> in Clondalkin and an Irish language GAA club <a href="/wiki/Na_Gaeil_%C3%93ga_CLG" title="Na Gaeil Óga CLG">Na Gaeil Óga CLG</a> based in Lucan and the Phoenix Park. </p><p>County Dublin has over 50 <a href="/wiki/Gaelscoileanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaelscoileanna">Gaelscoileanna</a> including 10 <a href="/wiki/Gaelchol%C3%A1iste" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaelcholáiste">Gaelcholáistí</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Northern Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, the British government ratified the <a href="/wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages" title="European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages">European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</a>. Irish (in Northern Ireland) was specified under Part III of the Charter, giving it a status comparable to that of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh language</a> or <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>. This included undertakings in relation to education, translation of statutes, interaction with public authorities, the use of placenames, media access, support for cultural activities and other matters. Compliance with the state's obligations is assessed periodically by a Committee of Experts of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A language revival has also taken place in southern County Londonderry, centred on Slaghtneill (Sleacht Néill) and Carntogher (Carn Tóchair), both outside <a href="/wiki/Maghera" title="Maghera">Maghera</a>. </p><p>In 2022 the British Parliament passed the <a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Language_(Northern_Ireland)_Act_2022" title="Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022">Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022</a>, which made Irish alongside English as the two official languages of Northern Ireland, it also repealed the <a href="/wiki/Administration_of_Justice_(Language)_Act_(Ireland)_1737" title="Administration of Justice (Language) Act (Ireland) 1737">1737 ban of Irish in Northern Irish courts.</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January of 2024 Irish was spoken for the first time in a Belfast court since the repeal of the act. This is the first time in nearly 300 years.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Clare">West Clare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: West Clare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parts of <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">County Clare</a> were recognised as Gaeltacht areas following recommendations made by Coimisiún na Gaeltachta 1925. In 1956, however, it was decided that there were too few traditional speakers to justify the inclusion of Clare in the Official Gaeltacht. Since then there have been attempts to re-establish the language in the community, and it was claimed in 2012 that there were up to 170 people in County Clare who were daily speakers of Irish.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main activist group is Coiste Forbartha Gaeltachta Chontae an Chláir (The Gaeltacht Development Committee for County Clare), whose aim is to achieve Gaeltacht status for County Clare or for part of it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Permanent_North_American_Gaeltacht" title="Permanent North American Gaeltacht">Permanent North American Gaeltacht</a> is an area in <a href="/wiki/Tamworth,_Ontario" title="Tamworth, Ontario">Tamworth, Ontario</a> in Canada. It has no permanent residents but serves as a resource centre for Irish speakers throughout North America. It was officially opened in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Irish_colleges">Irish colleges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Irish colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irish colleges are residential Irish language summer courses that give students the opportunity to be totally immersed in the language, usually for periods of three weeks over the summer months. During these courses, students attend classes and participate in a variety of different activities games, music, art and sport. There are a number of different Irish colleges for students to choose from throughout the country. Many of the colleges while providing a number of activities and events for young people through the Irish language will be known for or specialise in a specific category. For example, <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A1iste_Lurgan" title="Coláiste Lurgan">Coláiste Lurgan</a> is commonly known for its promotion of the Irish language through music, Coláiste Aodáin for water sports and team games, and others for <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Athletic_Association" title="Gaelic Athletic Association">GAA</a> sports. </p><p>As with the conventional schools, the Department of Education sets out requirements for class sizes and qualifications required by teachers. Some courses are college-based and others provide for residence with host families in Gaeltacht areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Ros_Muc" class="mw-redirect" title="Ros Muc">Ros Muc</a> in Galway, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1th_Cairn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ráth Cairn">Ráth Cairn</a> in County Meath, and <a href="/wiki/Teelin" title="Teelin">Teileann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ranafast" title="Ranafast">Rann na Feirste</a> in County Donegal, with instruction given by a <i><a href="/wiki/Bean_an_t%C3%AD" title="Bean an tí">bean an tí</a></i>, or Irish-speaking landlady.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popular Irish colleges/Gaeltachts include: Spleodar, Colaiste Sheosaimh and Uisce.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most Irish language summer colleges for teenagers in the Gaeltacht are supported and represented by <a href="/wiki/CONCOS" title="CONCOS">CONCOS</a>, who are based in <a href="/wiki/Leitir_M%C3%B3ir" class="mw-redirect" title="Leitir Móir">Leitir Móir</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Irish" title="Ulster Irish">Ulster Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connacht_Irish" title="Connacht Irish">Connacht Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster_Irish" title="Munster Irish">Munster Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaeltacht_Act_2012" title="Gaeltacht Act 2012">Gaeltacht Act 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Adar%C3%A1s_na_Gaeltachta" title="Údarás na Gaeltachta">Údarás na Gaeltachta</a> The Gaeltacht Authority</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONCOS" title="CONCOS">CONCOS</a> Federation of Irish language Summer colleges</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailte_Seirbh%C3%ADs%C3%AD_Gaeltachta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailte Seirbhísí Gaeltachta">Bailte Seirbhísí Gaeltachta</a> (Gaeltacht Service Towns)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADonra%C3%AD_Gaeilge" class="mw-redirect" title="Líonraí Gaeilge">Líonraí Gaeilge</a> (Irish-language Networks)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20-Year_Strategy_for_the_Irish_Language_2010%E2%80%932030" title="20-Year Strategy for the Irish Language 2010–2030">20-Year Strategy for the Irish Language 2010–2030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_the_Irish_language" title="Status of the Irish language">Status of the Irish language</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaeltarra_%C3%89ireann" title="Gaeltarra Éireann">Gaeltarra Éireann</a></i> — replaced in 1980 by Údarás na Gaeltachta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0idhealtachd" title="Gàidhealtachd">Gàidhealtachd</a> – equivalent region for <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Fro_Gymraeg" title="Y Fro Gymraeg">Y Fro Gymraeg</a> – equivalent region for <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaeltacht&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gaeltacht">Webster's Dictionary – definition of <i>Gaeltacht</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaguire2002" class="citation journal cs1">Maguire, Peter A. (Fall 2002). "Language and Landscape in the Connemara Gaeltacht". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Modern_Literature" title="Journal of Modern Literature">Journal of Modern Literature</a></i>. <b>26</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">99–</span>107. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2FJML.2002.26.1.99">10.2979/JML.2002.26.1.99</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161439552">161439552</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+Literature&rft.atitle=Language+and+Landscape+in+the+Connemara+Gaeltacht&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E99-%3C%2Fspan%3E107&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2FJML.2002.26.1.99&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161439552%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Maguire&rft.aufirst=Peter+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mac Donnacha, Joe, 'The Death of a Language', <i>Dublin Review of Books</i>, Issue 58, 16 June 2014: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.drb.ie/essays/the-death-of-a-language">http://www.drb.ie/essays/the-death-of-a-language</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a> News Report of Friday 29 May 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static.rasset.ie/documents/news/udaras-na-gaeltachta.pdf">NUASHONRÚ AR AN STAIDÉAR CUIMSITHEACH TEANGEOLAÍOCH AR ÚSÁID NA GAEILGE SA GHAELTACHT: 2006–2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aran.library.nuigalway.ie/handle/10379/2586">Coimisiún na Gaeltachta Report</a> (Report). The Stationery Office. 1925.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Coimisi%C3%BAn+na+Gaeltachta+Report&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1925&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faran.library.nuigalway.ie%2Fhandle%2F10379%2F2586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÓ_Tuathaigh1990" class="citation web cs1">Ó Tuathaigh, M. A. G. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED379921.pdf">"The Development of the Gaeltacht as a Bilingual Entity"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. <span class="nowrap">7–</span>8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150430162849/http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED379921.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 30 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Development+of+the+Gaeltacht+as+a+Bilingual+Entity.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=%C3%93+Tuathaigh&rft.aufirst=M.+A.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffiles.eric.ed.gov%2Ffulltext%2FED379921.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ministers and Secretaries (Amendment) Act 1956, s. 2: The Gaeltacht (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1956/act/21/section/2/enacted/en/html">No. 21 of 1956, s. 2</a>). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahg.gov.ie/en/20YearStrategyfortheIrishLanguage/Publications/Report%20of%20Coimisi%C3%BAn%20na%20Gaeltachta.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Gaeltacht+Commission&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahg.gov.ie%2Fen%2F20YearStrategyfortheIrishLanguage%2FPublications%2FReport%2520of%2520Coimisi%25C3%25BAn%2520na%2520Gaeltachta.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pobail.ie/en/AnGhaeltacht/LinguisticStudyoftheGaeltacht/">pobail.ie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080117224402/http://www.pobail.ie/en/AnGhaeltacht/LinguisticStudyoftheGaeltacht/">Archived</a> 17 January 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cso.ie/en/census/census2006reports/census2006-volume9-irishlanguage">"Census 2006 – Volume 9 – Irish Language"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(Ireland)" title="Central Statistics Office (Ireland)">CSO</a>. 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+2006+%E2%80%93+Volume+9+%E2%80%93+Irish+Language&rft.pub=CSO&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cso.ie%2Fen%2Fcensus%2Fcensus2006reports%2Fcensus2006-volume9-irishlanguage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/debate/flawed-gaeltacht-bill-in-need-of-brave-revision-1.528204">"Flawed Gaeltacht Bill in need of brave revision"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. 3 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Flawed+Gaeltacht+Bill+in+need+of+brave+revision&rft.date=2012-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fdebate%2Fflawed-gaeltacht-bill-in-need-of-brave-revision-1.528204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÓ_hÉallaithe2012" class="citation web cs1">Ó hÉallaithe, Donncha (July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130108155554/http://www.beo.ie/alt-teorainneacha-na-gaeltachta-faoin-mbille-nua.aspx">"Teorainneacha na Gaeltachta faoin mBille Nua"</a>. Beo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beo.ie/alt-teorainneacha-na-gaeltachta-faoin-mbille-nua.aspx/">the original</a> on 8 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teorainneacha+na+Gaeltachta+faoin+mBille+Nua&rft.pub=Beo&rft.date=2012-07&rft.aulast=%C3%93+h%C3%89allaithe&rft.aufirst=Donncha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beo.ie%2Falt-teorainneacha-na-gaeltachta-faoin-mbille-nua.aspx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coimisineir.ie/downloads/Tuarascail_Bhliantuil_2012.pdf">"Tuarascáil Bhliantúil 2012 Annual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. An Coimisinéir Teanga. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131205082232/http://www.coimisineir.ie/downloads/Tuarascail_Bhliantuil_2012.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tuarasc%C3%A1il+Bhliant%C3%BAil+2012+Annual+Report&rft.pub=An+Coimisin%C3%A9ir+Teanga&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coimisineir.ie%2Fdownloads%2FTuarascail_Bhliantuil_2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171114064521/http://www.udaras.ie/media/pdf/002910_Udaras_Nuashonr%C3%BA_FULL_report_A4_FA.pdf">"Nuashonrú ar an Staidéar Cuimsitheach Teangeolaíoch ar Úsáid na Gaeilge sa Ghaeltacht: 2006–2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Údarás na Gaeltachta. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udaras.ie/media/pdf/002910_Udaras_Nuashonr%C3%BA_FULL_report_A4_FA.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuashonr%C3%BA+ar+an+Staid%C3%A9ar+Cuimsitheach+Teangeola%C3%ADoch+ar+%C3%9As%C3%A1id+na+Gaeilge+sa+Ghaeltacht%3A+2006%E2%80%932011&rft.pub=%C3%9Adar%C3%A1s+na+Gaeltachta&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.udaras.ie%2Fmedia%2Fpdf%2F002910_Udaras_Nuashonr%25C3%25BA_FULL_report_A4_FA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstalk.com/news/a-lot-of-work-to-do-census-shows-drop-in-gaeltachts-irish-speakers-1625716">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'A lot of work to do' - Census shows drop in Gaeltacht's Irish speakers"</a>. <i>Newstalk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newstalk&rft.atitle=%27A+lot+of+work+to+do%27+-+Census+shows+drop+in+Gaeltacht%27s+Irish+speakers&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstalk.com%2Fnews%2Fa-lot-of-work-to-do-census-shows-drop-in-gaeltachts-irish-speakers-1625716&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2003/en/act/pub/0032/index.html">http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2003/en/act/pub/0032/index.html</a> Irish Statute Book</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cpp8/census2022profile8-theirishlanguageandeducation/irishlanguageandthegaeltacht/">"Irish Language and the Gaeltacht – CSO – Central Statistics Office"</a>. <i>www.cso.ie</i>. 19 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cso.ie&rft.atitle=Irish+Language+and+the+Gaeltacht+%E2%80%93+CSO+%E2%80%93+Central+Statistics+Office&rft.date=2023-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cso.ie%2Fen%2Freleasesandpublications%2Fep%2Fp-cpp8%2Fcensus2022profile8-theirishlanguageandeducation%2Firishlanguageandthegaeltacht%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKearns" class="citation web cs1">Kearns, Kevin C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/courses/geog347/articles/resuscitation_gaeltacht.pdf">"Resuscitation of the Irish Gaeltacht"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. <span class="nowrap">88–</span>89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resuscitation+of+the+Irish+Gaeltacht&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E88-%3C%2Fspan%3E89&rft.aulast=Kearns&rft.aufirst=Kevin+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geo.hunter.cuny.edu%2Fcourses%2Fgeog347%2Farticles%2Fresuscitation_gaeltacht.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a description of this in a local area and the steps taken to counter it, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.udaras.ie/en/faoin-udaras/cliant-chomhlachtai/cas-staideir/ceim-aniar-teo-caomhnu-teanga-i-ndun-na-ngall/">http://www.udaras.ie/en/faoin-udaras/cliant-chomhlachtai/cas-staideir/ceim-aniar-teo-caomhnu-teanga-i-ndun-na-ngall/</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udaras.ie/index.php/1677">udaras.ie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110603152636/http://www.udaras.ie/index.php/1677">Archived</a> 3 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1975-06-04/26/">"Ceisteanna—Questions. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://udaras.ie/en/our-language-the-gaeltacht/the-gaeltacht/donegal/#facts">the original</a> on 26 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donegal&rft.pub=%C3%9Adar%C3%A1s+na+Gaeltachta&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fudaras.ie%2Fen%2Four-language-the-gaeltacht%2Fthe-gaeltacht%2Fdonegal%2F%23facts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udaras.ie/index.php/roghchlr_corparideach_/an_ghaeltacht/larscileanna_den_ghaeltacht_/ire/gaillimh/1735">udaras.ie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110527173635/http://www.udaras.ie/index.php/roghchlr_corparideach_/an_ghaeltacht/larscileanna_den_ghaeltacht_/ire/gaillimh/1735">Archived</a> 27 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130526045359/https://udaras.ie/en/our-language-the-gaeltacht/the-gaeltacht/galway/#facts">"Galway"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Adar%C3%A1s_na_Gaeltachta" title="Údarás na Gaeltachta">Údarás na Gaeltachta</a>. 2021. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2011/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=GA&Geog_Code=04">the original</a> on 3 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gaeltacht+Area+Kerry&rft.pub=Central+Statistics+Office&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensus.cso.ie%2Fsapmap2011%2FResults.aspx%3FGeog_Type%3DGA%26Geog_Code%3D04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udaras.ie/en/an-ghaeilge-an-ghaeltacht/an-ghaeltacht/ciarrai/">udaras.ie</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udaras.ie/index.php/roghchlr_corparideach_/an_ghaeltacht/larscileanna_den_ghaeltacht_/ire/maigh_eo/1734">udaras.ie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110527173752/http://www.udaras.ie/index.php/roghchlr_corparideach_/an_ghaeltacht/larscileanna_den_ghaeltacht_/ire/maigh_eo/1734">Archived</a> 27 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130526050557/http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2011/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=GA&Geog_Code=05">"Gaeltacht Area Mayo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(Ireland)" title="Central Statistics Office (Ireland)">Central Statistics Office</a>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2011/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=GA&Geog_Code=05">the original</a> on 26 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gaeltacht+Area+Mayo&rft.pub=Central+Statistics+Office&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensus.cso.ie%2Fsapmap2011%2FResults.aspx%3FGeog_Type%3DGA%26Geog_Code%3D05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udaras.ie/index.php/roghchlr_corparideach_/an_ghaeltacht/larscileanna_den_ghaeltacht_/ire/corcaigh/1737">udaras.ie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110527172743/http://www.udaras.ie/index.php/roghchlr_corparideach_/an_ghaeltacht/larscileanna_den_ghaeltacht_/ire/corcaigh/1737">Archived</a> 27 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017090441/http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2011/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=GA&Geog_Code=01">"Gaeltacht Area Cork"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(Ireland)" title="Central Statistics Office (Ireland)">Central Statistics Office</a>. 2011. 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Foras na Gaeilge. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaeilge.ie/The_Irish_Language/Canadas_Gaeltacht.asp">the original</a> on 16 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gaeltacht+Cheanada+%E2%80%93+Canada%27s+Gaeltacht&rft.pub=Foras+na+Gaeilge&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaeilge.ie%2FThe_Irish_Language%2FCanadas_Gaeltacht.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaeltacht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meoneile.ie/ailt/col%C3%A1iste-aoidh-mhic-bhricne-ag-ceili%C3%BAradh-60-bliain#.V4ZPJLgrLIU">"Coláiste Aoidh Mhic Bhricne ag ceiliúradh 60 bliain"</a>. Meon Eile. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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style="width:1%"><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht na Gaillimhe</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">Galway</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galway_City_Gaeltacht" title="Galway City Gaeltacht">Gaeltacht Chathair na Gaillimhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cois_Fharraige" title="Cois Fharraige">Cois Fharraige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conamara_Theas" title="Conamara Theas">Conamara Theas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Country" title="Joyce Country">Dúiche Sheoigheach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aran_Islands" title="Aran Islands">Oileáin Árann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceantar_na_nOile%C3%A1n" title="Ceantar na nOileán">Ceantar na nOileán</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Gaeltacht Chontae Mhaigh Eo</i></span> (<a 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network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Gaeltacht" title="Neo-Gaeltacht">Neo-Gaeltacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaeltacht_Quarter,_Belfast" title="Gaeltacht Quarter, Belfast">An Cheathrú Ghaeltachta</a> (<a href="/wiki/County_Antrim" title="County Antrim">Antrim</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_North_American_Gaeltacht" title="Permanent North American Gaeltacht">Permanent North American Gaeltacht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Adar%C3%A1s_na_Gaeltachta" title="Údarás na Gaeltachta">Údarás na Gaeltachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaeltarra_%C3%89ireann" title="Gaeltarra Éireann">Gaeltarra Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimisi%C3%BAn_na_Gaeltachta" title="Coimisiún na Gaeltachta">Coimisiún na Gaeltachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Rural_and_Community_Development" title="Department of Rural and Community Development">Department of Rural and Community Development and the Gaeltacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_Raidi%C3%B3_Chonamara" title="Saor Raidió Chonamara">Saor Raidió Chonamara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Raidi%C3%B3_na_Gaeltachta" title="RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta">RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadamh_na_hOllscola%C3%ADochta_Gaeilge" title="Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge">Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taibhdhearc_na_Gaillimhe" title="Taibhdhearc na Gaillimhe">Taibhdhearc na Gaillimhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluaiseacht_Chearta_Sibhialta_na_Gaeltachta" title="Gluaiseacht Chearta Sibhialta na Gaeltachta">Gluaiseacht Chearta Sibhialta na Gaeltachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muintir_na_Gaeltachta" title="Muintir na Gaeltachta">Muintir na Gaeltachta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Coimisin%C3%A9ir_Teanga" title="An Coimisinéir Teanga">An Coimisinéir Teanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connemara" title="Connemara">Connemara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conradh_na_Gaeilge" title="Conradh na Gaeilge">Conradh na Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_an_t%C3%AD" title="Bean an tí">Bean an tí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_revival" title="Gaelic revival">Gaelic revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaeltacht_Act_2012" title="Gaeltacht Act 2012">Gaeltacht Act 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaeltacht_service_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaeltacht service town">Gaeltacht service town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0idhealtachd" title="Gàidhealtachd">Gàidhealtachd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Rural_and_Community_Development" title="Minister for Rural and Community Development">Minister for Rural and Community Development and the Gaeltacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_at_the_Department_of_Rural_and_Community_Development" title="Minister of State at the Department of Rural and Community Development">Minister of State at the Department of Rural and Community Development and the Gaeltacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Languages_Act_2003" title="Official Languages Act 2003">Official Languages Act 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_singing" title="Sean-nós singing">Sean-nós singing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gaels223" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gaels" title="Template:Gaels"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gaels" title="Template talk:Gaels"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gaels" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gaels"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gaels223" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Norman_invasion_Irish_Celtic_kinship_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups">Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland" title="High King of Ireland">High King of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_kingdoms" title="List of Irish kingdoms">Irish kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Alba" title="Kingdom of Alba">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Nine Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statutes_of_Iona" title="Statutes of Iona">Statutes of Iona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Earls" title="Flight of the Earls">Flight of the Earls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">1641 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652" title="Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652">Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1745" title="Jacobite rising of 1745">Jacobite rising of 1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_laws_(Ireland)" title="Penal laws (Ireland)">Penal Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Great Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_revival" title="Gaelic revival">Gaelic Revival</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaeltacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0idhealtachd" title="Gàidhealtachd">Gàidhealtachd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gaelic culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_law" title="Early Irish law">Brehon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Gaelic mythology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn">Lebor Gabála Érenn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Gaelic astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_kinship" title="Irish kinship">Gaelic kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_bardic_poetry" title="Irish bardic poetry">Bardic poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_literature" title="Gaelic literature">Gaelic literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_literature" title="Early Irish literature">Early Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_literature_in_Irish" title="Modern literature in Irish">Modern Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature" title="Scottish Gaelic literature">Scottish Gaelic</a> & <a href="/wiki/Manx_literature" title="Manx literature">Manx</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1inne" title="Fáinne">Fáinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_singing" title="Sean-nós singing">Sean-nós singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas_na_Gaeilge" title="Oireachtas na Gaeilge">Oireachtas na Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_M%C3%B2d" title="Royal National Mòd">Am Mòd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_games" title="Gaelic games">Gaelic games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_games" title="Highland games">Highland games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAath" title="Túath">Túath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Insular Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Scottish_mission" title="Hiberno-Scottish mission">Gaelic Christian mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Irish" title="Primitive Irish">Primitive Irish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Irish" title="Middle Irish">Middle Irish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classical_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Gaelic">Classical Gaelic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Irish21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irish_clans" title="Irish clans">Irish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_royal_families" title="Irish royal families">Royal families</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Irish_kings" title="Lists of Irish kings">Kings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_medical_families" title="Irish medical families">Medical families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_nobility_of_Ireland" title="Gaelic nobility of Ireland">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_genealogy" title="Irish genealogy">Genealogy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="List28" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_clans" title="List of Irish clans">List</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connachta" title="Connachta">Connachta</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_N%C3%A9ill" title="Uí Néill">Uí Néill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airg%C3%ADalla" title="Airgíalla">Clan Colla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clan_Donald" title="Clan Donald">Clan Donald</a>, <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_Mh%C3%A1ine" title="Uí Mháine">Uí Mháine</a>, etc)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalcassians" title="Dalcassians">Dalcassians</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9isi" title="Déisi">Déisi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%B3ganachta" title="Eóganachta">Eóganachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iverni" title="Iverni">Érainn</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corcu_Lo%C3%ADgde" title="Corcu Loígde">Corcu Loígde</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Fiatach" title="Dál Fiatach">Dál Fiatach</a>, etc)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laigin" title="Laigin">Laigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulaid" title="Ulaid">Ulaid</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_nAraidi" title="Dál nAraidi">Dál nAraidi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conmaicne" title="Conmaicne">Conmaicne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADarraige" title="Cíarraige">Cíarraige</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_clans_in_Ulster" title="List of Irish clans in Ulster">Ulster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">Scottish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_clans" title="List of Scottish clans">List</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Adar%C3%A1s_na_Gaeltachta" title="Údarás na Gaeltachta">Údarás na Gaeltachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foras_na_Gaeilge" title="Foras na Gaeilge">Foras na Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2rd_na_G%C3%A0idhlig" title="Bòrd na Gàidhlig">Bòrd na Gàidhlig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_Vannin" title="Culture Vannin">Culture Vannin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conradh_na_Gaeilge" title="Conradh na Gaeilge">Conradh na Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Comunn_G%C3%A0idhealach" title="An Comunn Gàidhealach">An Comunn Gàidhealach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yn_%C3%87heshaght_Ghailckagh" title="Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh">Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seachtain_na_Gaeilge" title="Seachtain na Gaeilge">Seachtain na Gaeilge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gael_Linn" title="Gael Linn">Gael Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ULTACH_Trust" title="ULTACH Trust">ULTACH Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comunn_na_G%C3%A0idhlig" title="Comunn na Gàidhlig">Comunn na Gàidhlig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_Project" title="Columba Project">Columba Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clans_of_Ireland" title="Clans of Ireland">Clans of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Coimisin%C3%A9ir_Teanga" title="An Coimisinéir Teanga">An Coimisinéir Teanga</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R-M269" title="Haplogroup R-M269">Haplogroup R-M269</a> (<a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_British_Isles" title="Genetic history of the British Isles">human genetics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse%E2%80%93Gaels" title="Norse–Gaels">Norse–Gaels</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clan_MacLeod" title="Clan MacLeod">Clan MacLeod</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Munster" title="Kingdom of Munster">Kingdom of Munster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Kingdom of the Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelicisation" title="Gaelicisation">Gaelicisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Gaels" title="Category:Gaels">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Celtic_languages263" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Celtic_languages" title="Template:Celtic languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Celtic_languages" title="Template talk:Celtic languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Celtic_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Celtic languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Celtic_languages263" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconstructed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Proto-Celtic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Celtic_languages" title="Hispano-Celtic languages">Hispano-Celtic</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_language" title="Celtiberian language">Celtiberian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gallaecian_language" title="Gallaecian language">Gallaecian</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Celtic_languages" title="Nuclear Celtic languages">Nuclear Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Insular_Celtic43" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insular_Celtic_languages" title="Insular Celtic languages">Insular Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brittonic_languages" title="Brittonic languages">Brittonic</a><br />(Brythonic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconstructed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Common Brittonic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Brittonic_languages" title="Southwestern Brittonic languages">Southwestern Brittonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Brittonic_languages" title="Western Brittonic languages">Western Brittonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cumbric" title="Cumbric">Cumbric</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Welsh" title="Old Welsh">Old Welsh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Welsh" title="Middle Welsh">Middle Welsh</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pictish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pictish_language" title="Pictish language">Pictish</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Classical_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Gaelic">Classical Gaelic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Irish" title="Primitive Irish">Primitive Irish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Irish" title="Middle Irish">Middle Irish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Irish" title="Early Modern Irish">Early Modern Irish</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Classical_Gaelic" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Gaelic">Classical Gaelic</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Galwegian_Gaelic" title="Galwegian Gaelic">Galwegian Gaelic</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Galatian_language" title="Galatian language">Galatian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaulish" title="Cisalpine Gaulish">Cisalpine Gaulish</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lepontic_language" title="Lepontic language">Lepontic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noric_language" title="Noric language">Noric</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unknown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Belgian_language" title="Ancient Belgian language">Ancient Belgian</a></i>? (possibly hypothetical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camunic_language" title="Camunic language">Camunic</a></i>? (possibly related to <a href="/wiki/Rhaetic" title="Rhaetic">Rhaetic</a> or pre-Indo-European)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_(ancient_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligurian (ancient language)">Ligurian</a></i>? (possibly independent or pre-Indo-European)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_language" title="Lusitanian language">Lusitanian</a></i>? (possibly <a href="/wiki/Italic_languages" title="Italic languages">Italic</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhaetic" title="Rhaetic">Rhaetic</a></i>? (possibly <a href="/wiki/Tyrsenian_languages" title="Tyrsenian languages">Tyrsenian</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tartessian_language" title="Tartessian language">Tartessian</a></i>? (possibly <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hispanic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-Hispanic languages">Paleo-Hispanic</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">Mixed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beurla_Reagaird" title="Beurla Reagaird">Beurla Reagaird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celtic-speaking areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Brittany" title="Lower Brittany">Lower Brittany</a> (Brittany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Y Wladfa</a> (Chubut Province, Argentina; Welsh)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaeltacht</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> (Nova Scotia; Scottish Gaelic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0idhealtachd" title="Gàidhealtachd">Gàidhealtachd</a> (Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Fro_Gymraeg" title="Y Fro Gymraeg">Y Fro Gymraeg</a> (Wales)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immersive education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_(school)" title="Diwan (school)">Diwan</a> (Breton)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skol_Veythrin_Karenza" title="Skol Veythrin Karenza">Skol Veythrin Karenza</a> (Cornish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelscoil" title="Gaelscoil">Gaelscoil</a> (Irish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunscoill_Ghaelgagh" title="Bunscoill Ghaelgagh">Bunscoill Ghaelgagh</a> (Manx)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic-medium_education" title="Scottish Gaelic-medium education">Scottish Gaelic-medium education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-medium_education" title="Welsh-medium education">Welsh-medium education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct or ancestor languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geographical_distribution_of_languages361" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geographical_distribution_of_languages" title="Template:Geographical distribution of languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geographical_distribution_of_languages" title="Template talk:Geographical distribution of languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geographical_distribution_of_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geographical distribution of languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geographical_distribution_of_languages361" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geographical distribution of languages</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_geography" title="Language geography">Language geography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance-speaking_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance-speaking world">Romance-speaking world</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iberophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberophone">Iberophone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_Portuguese_speakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographical distribution of Portuguese speakers">Portuguese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">Lusophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Portuguese_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Portuguese is an official language">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Spanish_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Spanish is an official language">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Countries" title="Catalan Countries">Catalan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_French_speakers" title="Geographical distribution of French speakers">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francophonie" title="Francophonie">Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_French_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where French is an official language">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_Italian_speakers" title="Geographical distribution of Italian speakers">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Italian_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Italian is an official language">list</a></li></ul></li> <li>Romanian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Romanian_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Romanian is an official language">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic-speaking_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic-speaking world">Germanic-speaking world</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_English-speaking_population" title="List of countries by English-speaking population">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">Anglophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_English_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where English is an official language">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_German_speakers" title="Geographical distribution of German speakers">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_German_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where German is an official language">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_Dutch_speakers" title="Geographical distribution of Dutch speakers">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Afrikaans_or_Dutch_are_official_languages" title="List of countries and territories where Afrikaans or Dutch are official languages">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic-speaking world</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_Macedonian_speakers" title="Geographical distribution of Macedonian speakers">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_Polish_speakers" title="Geographical distribution of Polish speakers">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_Russian_speakers" title="Geographical distribution of Russian speakers">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Russian_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Russian is an official language">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_Ukrainian_speakers" title="Geographical distribution of Ukrainian speakers">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic-speaking world</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0idhealtachd" title="Gàidhealtachd">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Fro_Gymraeg" title="Y Fro Gymraeg">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_where_Arabic_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries where Arabic is an official language">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinophone" title="Sinophone">Sinophone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Chinese_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Chinese is an official language">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Persosphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Persian_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Persian is an official language">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_world" title="Malay world">Malay world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Malay_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Malay is an official language">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralic-speaking_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Uralic-speaking world">Uralic-speaking world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperantujo" title="Esperantujo">Esperantujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Hindustani_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Hindustani is an official language">Hindustani list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Tamil_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Tamil is an official language">Tamil list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Swahili_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Swahili is an official language">Swahili list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Geographical_distribution_of_languages" title="Category:Geographical distribution of languages">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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