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<li id="toc-Islam_in_Northern_Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam_in_Northern_Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Islam in Northern Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam_in_Northern_Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fulani_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fulani_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Fulani War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fulani_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sokoto_Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sokoto_Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Sokoto Caliphate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sokoto_Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam_in_Southwestern_Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam_in_Southwestern_Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Islam in Southwestern Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam_in_Southwestern_Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maitatsine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maitatsine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Maitatsine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maitatsine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quranists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quranists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Quranists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quranists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam_in_Nigerian_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam_in_Nigerian_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Islam in Nigerian society</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Islam_in_Nigerian_society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Islam in Nigerian society subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Islam_in_Nigerian_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sharia_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sharia_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sharia law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sharia_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Influence on culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nigerian_Muslim_Women_and_Hijab_Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigerian_Muslim_Women_and_Hijab_Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Nigerian Muslim Women and Hijab Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigerian_Muslim_Women_and_Hijab_Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_Islamic_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_Islamic_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Traditional Islamic education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_Islamic_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extremism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extremism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Extremism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Extremism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Extremism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Extremism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boko_Haram" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boko_Haram"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Boko Haram</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boko_Haram-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation_of_Nigerian_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation_of_Nigerian_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Organisation of Nigerian Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisation_of_Nigerian_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label 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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="الإسلام في نيجيريا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإسلام في نيجيريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_au_Nigeria" title="Islam au Nigeria – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Islam au Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulunci_a_Najeriya" title="Musulunci a Najeriya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Musulunci a Najeriya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_di_Nigeria" title="Islam di Nigeria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Islam di Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uislamu_nchini_Nigeria" title="Uislamu nchini Nigeria – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uislamu nchini Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_di_Nigeria" title="Islam di Nigeria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Islam di Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Nigeria" title="Islam in Nigeria – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Islam in Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismo_na_Nig%C3%A9ria" title="Islamismo na Nigéria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Islamismo na Nigéria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Ислам в Нигерии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ислам в Нигерии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Nigeria" title="Islam in Nigeria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Islam in Nigeria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D3%99_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Нигериядә ислам – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нигериядә ислам" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%83_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97" title="Іслам у Нігерії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іслам у Нігерії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" title="奈及利亞伊斯蘭教 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奈及利亞伊斯蘭教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2637700#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Islam in Nigeria</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_National_Mosque_in_Abuja_Nigeria.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/The_National_Mosque_in_Abuja_Nigeria.jpeg/250px-The_National_Mosque_in_Abuja_Nigeria.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/The_National_Mosque_in_Abuja_Nigeria.jpeg/375px-The_National_Mosque_in_Abuja_Nigeria.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/The_National_Mosque_in_Abuja_Nigeria.jpeg/500px-The_National_Mosque_in_Abuja_Nigeria.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1657" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Abuja_National_Mosque" title="Abuja National Mosque">Abuja National Mosque</a>, the national mosque of Nigeria</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <b>99.1 million</b> (2018)<br /> <b>53.5%</b> of the population.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border-width:2px;border-style:ridge;border-color:black;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Nigeria" title="Category:Culture of Nigeria">a series</a> in</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:145%;font-weight:heavy;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nigeria" title="Culture of Nigeria">Culture of Nigeria</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;border-bottom:1px solid #008B45;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Culture of Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg/130px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg/195px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg/260px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1505" data-file-height="1276" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #8FBC8F; color:#000000; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Society</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian people">Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nigeria" title="History of Nigeria">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nigeria" title="Languages of Nigeria">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Nigeria" title="Public holidays in Nigeria">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">Religion</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #8FBC8F; color:#000000; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Nigeria" title="Architecture of Nigeria">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nigeria" title="Cinema of Nigeria">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Nigeria" title="List of festivals in Nigeria">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_literature" title="Nigerian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Nigeria">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newspapers_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers in Nigeria">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Nigeria">Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nigeria" title="Music of Nigeria">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Nigeria">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_gaming_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming in Nigeria">Video gaming</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #8FBC8F; color:#000000; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Symbols</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nigeria" title="Flag of Nigeria">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria" title="Coat of arms of Nigeria">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Nigeria">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Nigeria" title="Miss Nigeria">Miss Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Nigeria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Nigeria">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #8FBC8F; color:#000000; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Religion and folklore</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nigeria" title="Christianity in Nigeria">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Nigeria" title="History of the Jews in Nigeria">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Jews" title="Igbo Jews">Igbo Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Nigeria" title="Irreligion in Nigeria">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Nigeria" title="Secularism in Nigeria">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Folk beliefs</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #8FBC8F; color:#000000; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Art</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nigerian_art" title="Category:Nigerian art">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Igbo-Ukwu" title="Archaeology of Igbo-Ukwu">Igbo-Ukwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Kingdom_of_Benin" title="Art of the Kingdom of Benin">Kingdom of Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_art" title="Yoruba art">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Nigeria" title="Architecture of Nigeria">Architecture</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #8FBC8F; color:#000000; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Cuisine</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jollof_rice" title="Jollof rice">Jollof rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afang_soup" title="Afang soup">Afang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abacha_(food)" title="Abacha (food)">Abacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amala_(food)" title="Amala (food)">Amala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eba" title="Eba">Eba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edikang_ikong" title="Edikang ikong">Edikang ikong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owo_soup" title="Owo soup">Owo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounded_yam" title="Pounded yam">Pounded yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukodo" title="Ukodo">Ukodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egusi" title="Egusi">Egusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puff-puff" title="Puff-puff">Puff-puff</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #8FBC8F; color:#000000; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Festivals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igue_festival" title="Igue festival">Igue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikeji_festival" title="Ikeji festival">Ikeji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imo_Awka_festival" title="Imo Awka festival">Imo Awka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golibe_Festival" title="Golibe Festival">Golibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Yam_Festivals_in_Nigeria" title="New Yam Festivals in Nigeria">New Yam Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokun_Festival" title="Olokun Festival">Olokun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omabe_Festival" title="Omabe Festival">Omabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sango_Festival" title="Sango Festival">Sango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umatu_festival" title="Umatu festival">Umatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oronna_Festival" title="Oronna Festival">Oronna</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #8FBC8F; color:#000000; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_literature" title="Hausa literature">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_literature" title="Yoruba literature">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_literature" title="Igbo literature">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edo_literature" title="Edo literature">Edo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_literature" title="Efik literature">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onitsha_Market_Literature" title="Onitsha Market Literature">Onitsha Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Generation_of_Nigerian_writers" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Generation of Nigerian writers">Third Generation of Nigerian writers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #008B45;border-bottom:1px solid #008B45;font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/48px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/64px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nigeria" title="Portal:Nigeria">Nigeria portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Nigeria" title="Template:Culture of Nigeria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Nigeria" title="Template talk:Culture of Nigeria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Nigeria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Nigeria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246112391">.mw-parser-output .sb-ibc img{background-color:white}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Islam by country</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image sb-ibc"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg/200px-Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg/300px-Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg/400px-Islam_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Muslim_data_by_Pew_Research.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">World percentage of <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> by country</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Africa" title="Islam in Africa">Africa</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Algeria" title="Islam in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Angola" title="Islam in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Islam in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Burundi" title="Islam in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Cameroon" title="Islam in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Cape_Verde" title="Islam in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Islam in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Chad" title="Islam in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Comoros" title="Islam in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Islam in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Islam in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Djibouti" title="Islam in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Egypt" title="Islam in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Islam in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Eswatini" title="Islam in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ethiopia" title="Islam in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Gabon" title="Islam in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Gambia" title="Islam in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ghana" title="Islam in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guinea" title="Islam in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Islam in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Islam in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kenya" title="Islam in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Lesotho" title="Islam in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Liberia" title="Islam in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Libya" title="Islam in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Madagascar" title="Islam in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malawi" title="Islam in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mali" title="Islam in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mauritania" title="Islam in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mauritius" title="Islam in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mayotte" title="Islam in Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Morocco" title="Islam in Morocco">Morocco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Western_Sahara" title="Islam in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mozambique" title="Islam in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Namibia" title="Islam in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Niger" title="Islam in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Islam in Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Rwanda" title="Islam in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Islam in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Senegal" title="Islam in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Seychelles" title="Islam in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Islam in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Somalia" title="Islam in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Africa" title="Islam in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Sudan" title="Islam in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sudan" title="Islam in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tanzania" title="Islam in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Togo" title="Islam in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tunisia" title="Islam in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Uganda" title="Islam in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Zambia" title="Islam in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Zimbabwe" title="Islam in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Asia" title="Islam in Asia">Asia</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Afghanistan" title="Islam in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Armenia" title="Islam in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Azerbaijan" title="Islam in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bahrain" title="Islam in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bangladesh" title="Islam in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Brunei" title="Islam in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Cambodia" title="Islam in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Cyprus" title="Islam in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Islam in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Hong_Kong" title="Islam in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iran" title="Islam in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iraq" title="Islam in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Israel" title="Islam in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Japan" title="Islam in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Jordan" title="Islam in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kazakhstan" title="Islam in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Korea" title="Islam in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kuwait" title="Islam in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Islam in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Laos" title="Islam in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Lebanon" title="Islam in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Macau" title="Islam in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malaysia" title="Islam in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Maldives" title="Islam in Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mongolia" title="Islam in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Myanmar" title="Islam in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Nepal" title="Islam in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Oman" title="Islam in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Pakistan" title="Islam in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Philippines" title="Islam in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Qatar" title="Islam in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Islam in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Singapore" title="Islam in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Islam in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Syria" title="Islam in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Taiwan" title="Islam in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tajikistan" title="Islam in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Thailand" title="Islam in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Turkey" title="Islam in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Turkmenistan" title="Islam in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Islam in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Uzbekistan" title="Islam in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Vietnam" title="Islam in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Yemen" title="Islam in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in the Americas">Americas</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Islam in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Argentina" title="Islam in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_The_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Barbados" title="Islam in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bolivia" title="Islam in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Brazil" title="Islam in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Canada" title="Islam in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Chile" title="Islam in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Colombia" title="Islam in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Costa_Rica" title="Islam in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Cuba" title="Islam in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Dominica" title="Islam in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Islam in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ecuador" title="Islam in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_El_Salvador" title="Islam in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_French_Guiana" title="Islam in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Grenada" title="Islam in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guatemala" title="Islam in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guyana" title="Islam in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Haiti" title="Islam in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Honduras" title="Islam in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Jamaica" title="Islam in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mexico" title="Islam in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Nicaragua" title="Islam in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Panama" title="Islam in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Paraguay" title="Islam in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Peru" title="Islam in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Islam in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Saint_Lucia" title="Islam in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Islam in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Suriname" title="Islam in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Islam in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Uruguay" title="Islam in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Venezuela" title="Islam in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Europe" title="Islam in Europe">Europe</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Albania" title="Islam in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Andorra" title="Islam in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Austria" title="Islam in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Belarus" title="Islam in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Belgium" title="Islam in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bulgaria" title="Islam in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Croatia" title="Islam in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Islam in the Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Denmark" title="Islam in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Estonia" title="Islam in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Finland" title="Islam in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_France" title="Islam in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Germany" title="Islam in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Greece" title="Islam in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Hungary" title="Islam in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iceland" title="Islam in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Italy" title="Islam in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kosovo" title="Islam in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Latvia" title="Islam in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Liechtenstein" title="Islam in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Lithuania" title="Islam in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Luxembourg" title="Islam in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malta" title="Islam in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Moldova" title="Islam in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Montenegro" title="Islam in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Netherlands" title="Islam in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_North_Macedonia" title="Islam in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Norway" title="Islam in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Poland" title="Islam in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Portugal" title="Islam in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Romania" title="Islam in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Russia" title="Islam in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tatarstan" title="Islam in Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Serbia" title="Islam in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Slovakia" title="Islam in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Slovenia" title="Islam in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Spain" title="Islam in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sweden" title="Islam in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Switzerland" title="Islam in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ukraine" title="Islam in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Islam in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_England" title="Islam in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Islam in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Scotland" title="Islam in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Wales" title="Islam in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Oceania" title="Islam in Oceania">Oceania</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Australia" title="Islam in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Christmas_Island" title="Islam in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Islam in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Islam in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Fiji" title="Islam in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Islam in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in the Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_New_Caledonia" title="Islam in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_New_Zealand" title="Islam in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Islam in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palau" title="Islam in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Islam in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Samoa" title="Islam in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Islam in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tonga" title="Islam in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tuvalu" title="Islam in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Vanuatu" title="Islam in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_by_country" title="Template:Islam by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam_by_country" title="Template talk:Islam by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is one of the two largest religions in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>. Nigeria also has the largest Muslim population in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a> estimated that 53.5% of Nigeria's population is Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islam is predominantly concentrated in the northern half of the country, with a significant Muslim minority existing in the southern region.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of Northern Nigeria is governed under <a href="/wiki/Sharia_in_Nigeria" title="Sharia in Nigeria">Sharia law</a>, while the rest of the country is governed under secular law.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Muslim share of Nigeria's population is growing, due to a higher fertility rate. </p><p>Merchants from <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and the Senegalese basin introduced Islam to what is now Nigeria during the 11th century, and it was the first monotheistic <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religion</a> to arrive in Nigeria. The northern half of Nigeria was historically under the rule of various Islamic states and empires such as the <a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Kanem–Bornu Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai Empire</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Hausa_Kingdoms" title="Hausa Kingdoms">Hausa Kingdoms</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto Caliphate</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Fulani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani people">Fulani</a> Islamic scholar <a href="/wiki/Usman_dan_Fodio" title="Usman dan Fodio">Usman dan Fodio</a>, dominated northern Nigeria throughout the 19th century during the <a href="/wiki/Fula_jihads" title="Fula jihads">Fula jihads</a>, until it was <a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">annexed by the British Empire</a> in 1903. Portuguese missionaries introduced Christianity to the southern half of Nigeria during the 15th century, and it grew to be a dominant religion in Nigeria alongside Islam during <a href="/wiki/British_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="British Nigeria">British colonial rule</a> beginning in the late 19th century. </p><p>Muslims in Nigeria are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunnis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> school of thought. However, there is a significant <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> minority, primarily in <a href="/wiki/Kaduna_State" title="Kaduna State">Kaduna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kano_State" title="Kano State">Kano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katsina_State" title="Katsina State">Katsina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osun_State" title="Osun State">Osun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kwara_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwara state">Kwara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yobe_State" title="Yobe State"> Yobe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_State" title="Sokoto State">Sokoto</a> states (see <a href="/wiki/Shia_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia in Nigeria">Shia in Nigeria</a>). In particular, A 2008 Pew Forum survey on religious diversity identified 5% of Nigerian Muslims as Shia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Nigeria" title="Ahmadiyya in Nigeria">Ahmadiyya movement</a> also has a sizeable presence in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam_in_Northern_Nigeria">Islam in Northern Nigeria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Islam in Northern Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg/220px-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg/330px-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg/440px-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1722" data-file-height="2296" /></a><figcaption>A page of the Qur'an written in the Hausawi script of <a href="/wiki/Hausa_Kingdoms" title="Hausa Kingdoms">Hausaland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Islam was introduced to Nigeria during the 11th century through two geographical routes: North Africa and the Senegalese Basin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The origins of Islam in the country is linked with the development of Islam in the wider West Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trade was the major connecting link that brought Islam into Nigeria.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islam was first documented in <a href="/wiki/Sudan_(region)" title="Sudan (region)">Central Sudan</a> by medieval Islamic historians and geographers such as <a href="/wiki/Al-Bakri" title="Al-Bakri">Al-Bakri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaqut_al-Hamawi" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi">Yaqut al-Hamawi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Maqrizi" title="Al-Maqrizi">Al-Maqrizi</a> and later works of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> offered more notes about Islam in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Islam grew in North-East Nigeria, in particular, the <a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Kanem</a> empire as a result of trade between Kanem and Northern African regions of <a href="/wiki/Fezzan" title="Fezzan">Fezzan</a>, Egypt and <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a> in the eleventh century.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslim merchants from the North sometimes remained in settlements along trade routes, this merchant class would later preach the message of Islam to their host communities. The first documented conversion of a traditional ruler was in the eleventh century when Mai <a href="/wiki/Hummay" title="Hummay">Ume Jilmi</a> of Kanem was converted by a Muslim scholar whose descendants later held a hereditary title of Chief Imam of Kanem.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Writings by Ahmad Fartua an Imam during the period of <a href="/wiki/Idris_Alooma" title="Idris Alooma">Idris Alooma</a> provided glimpse of an active Islamic community in Bornu<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while religious archives showed Islam had been adopted as the religion of the majority of the leading figures in the Borno Empire during the reign of Mai (king) <a href="/wiki/Idris_Alooma" title="Idris Alooma">Idris Alooma</a> (1571–1603), although a large part of that country still adhered to traditional religions.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alooma furthered the cause of Islam in the country by introducing Islamic courts, establishing mosques, and setting up a hostel in <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Makkah</a>, the Islamic pilgrimage destination, for <a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Hausaland, particularly Kano, Islam is noted to have penetrated the territory in the fourteenth century from West African traders who were the <a href="/wiki/Mande_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mande people">Mande people</a> Muslims from the Senegalese basin and Muslim traders from <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a>. Muhammed Rumfa (1463 - 1499) was the first ruler to convert to Islam in Hausaland. It had spread to the major cities of the northern part of the country by the 16th century, later moving into the countryside and towards the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Belt" title="Middle Belt">Middle Belt</a> uplands. However, there are some claims for an earlier arrival. The Nigeria-born Muslim scholar <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Adelabu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Adelabu">Sheikh Dr. Abu-Abdullah Abdul-Fattah Adelabu</a> has argued that Islam had reached Sub-Sahara Africa, including Nigeria, as early as the 1st century of <a href="/wiki/Hijra_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijra year">Hijrah</a> through Muslim traders and expeditions during the reign of the Arab conqueror, <a href="/wiki/Uqba_ibn_Nafi" title="Uqba ibn Nafi">Uqba ibn al Nafia (622–683)</a>, whose Islamic conquests under the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> dynasty, during <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiyah I">Muawiyah's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yazid_I" title="Yazid I">Yazid's</a> time, spread all Northern Africa or the <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghrib Al-Arabi</a>, which includes present-day <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fulani_War">Fulani War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fulani War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fulani_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani War">Fulani War</a></div> <p>In the early 19th century, Islamic scholar <a href="/wiki/Usman_dan_Fodio" title="Usman dan Fodio">Usman dan Fodio</a> launched a <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a>, which is called the <a href="/wiki/Fulani_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani War">Fulani War</a>, against the <a href="/wiki/Hausa_Kingdoms" title="Hausa Kingdoms">Hausa Kingdoms</a> of Northern Nigeria. He was victorious, and established the <a href="/wiki/Fulani_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani Empire">Fulani Empire</a> with its capital at <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_(city)" title="Sokoto (city)">Sokoto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sokoto_Caliphate">Sokoto Caliphate</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sokoto Caliphate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto Caliphate</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_de_l%27O%C3%A8st_en_1875-es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Africa_de_l%27O%C3%A8st_en_1875-es.svg/220px-Africa_de_l%27O%C3%A8st_en_1875-es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Africa_de_l%27O%C3%A8st_en_1875-es.svg/330px-Africa_de_l%27O%C3%A8st_en_1875-es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Africa_de_l%27O%C3%A8st_en_1875-es.svg/440px-Africa_de_l%27O%C3%A8st_en_1875-es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1588" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto Caliphate</a>, c. 1875</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1803, Usman dan Fodio founded the <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto Caliphate</a>. Usman dan Fodio was elected "Commander of the Faithful" (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a></i></span>) by his followers.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sokoto Caliphate became one of the largest empires in Africa, stretching from modern-day Burkina Faso to Cameroon and including most of northern Nigeria and southern Niger. At its height, the Sokoto state included over 30 different emirates under its political structure.<sup id="cite_ref-Falola_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falola-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its hold, the caliphate ruled through much of the 19th century, until 29 July 1903, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_battle_of_Burmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second battle of Burmi (page does not exist)">second battle of Burmi</a> concluded its dissolution by British and German forces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam_in_Southwestern_Nigeria">Islam in Southwestern Nigeria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Islam in Southwestern Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islam also came to the southwestern <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a>-speaking areas during the time of the <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a>. In his Movements of Islam in face of the Empires and Kingdoms in <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yorubaland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Adelabu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Adelabu">Sheikh Dr. Abu-Abdullah Adelabu</a> supported his claims on early arrival of Islam in the southwestern Nigeria by citing the Arab anthropologist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abduhu_Badawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abduhu Badawi (page does not exist)">Abduhu Badawi</a>, who argued that the fall of Koush southern <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and the prosperity of the politically multicultural <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> period in the continent had created several streams of migration, moving west in the mid-9th <a href="/wiki/Sub-Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Sahara">Sub-Sahara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Adelabu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Adelabu">Adelabu</a>, the popularity and influences of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_dynasty" title="Abbasid dynasty">Abbasid dynasty</a>, the second great dynasty with the rulers carrying the title of '<a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a>' fostered peaceful and prosperous search of pastures by the inter-cultured Muslims from <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> to <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> and Arab traders from Desert to <a href="/wiki/Benue_River" title="Benue River">Benue</a>, echoing the conventional historical view<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the conquest of North Africa by <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">the Islamic Umayyad Caliphate</a> between AD 647–709 effectively ended Catholicism in Africa for several centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islam in Ancient Yoruba is referred to as <i>Esin Imale</i>, which folk etymology states it comes from the word "Mali." The earliest introduction of the religion to that region was through Malian itinerant traders (<a href="/wiki/Soninke_Wangara" title="Soninke Wangara">Wangara</a> Traders) around the 14th century. Large-scale conversion to Islam happened in the 18th-19th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Yorubas came in contact with Islam around the 14th century during the reign of Mansa Kankan Musa of the <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a>. According to Al-Aluri, the first mosque was built in Ọyọ-Ile in AD 1550 although, there were no Yoruba Muslims, the mosque only served the spiritual needs of foreign Muslims living in <a href="/wiki/Oyo_Empire" title="Oyo Empire">Ọyọ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qur%27an_in_the_barnavi_script_of_Borno.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Qur%27an_in_the_barnavi_script_of_Borno.png/261px-Qur%27an_in_the_barnavi_script_of_Borno.png" decoding="async" width="261" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Qur%27an_in_the_barnavi_script_of_Borno.png/391px-Qur%27an_in_the_barnavi_script_of_Borno.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Qur%27an_in_the_barnavi_script_of_Borno.png/521px-Qur%27an_in_the_barnavi_script_of_Borno.png 2x" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="1001" /></a><figcaption>A 19th-century Qur'an written in the Barnawi script of <a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></figcaption></figure><p><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Progressively, Islam came to Yoruba land, and Muslims started building Mosques: Iwo town led, its first Mosque built in 1655 followed by Iṣẹyin, in 1760; Lagos, 1774; Ṣaki, 1790; and <a href="/wiki/Osogbo" title="Osogbo">Oṣogbo</a>, 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In time, Islam spread to other towns like Oyo (the first Oyo convert was Solagberu), Ibadan, Abẹokuta, Ijẹbu-Ode, Ikirun, and Ẹdẹ before the 19th-century Sokoto jihad.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several factors contributed to the rise of Islam in Yoruba land by mid 19th century. Before the decline of Ọyọ, several towns around it had large Muslim communities; when Ọyọ was destroyed these Muslims (Yoruba and immigrants) relocated to newly formed towns and villages and became Islam protagonists.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Second, there was a mass movement of people at this time into Yoruba land, many of these immigrants were Muslims who introduced Islam to their host.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Eades, the religion "differed in attraction" and "better adapted to Yoruba social structure, because it permitted polygamy"; more influential Yorubas like (Seriki Kuku of Ijebu land) soon became Muslims with positive impact on the natives.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islam came to Lagos at about the same time like other Yoruba towns, however, it received royal support from Ọba Kosọkọ, after he came back from exile in Ẹpẹ.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Gbadamọṣi (1972; 1978 in Eades, 1980) Islam soon spread to other Yoruba towns, especially, during the intra-tribal wars-when there was a high demand for Islamic teachers-who dubbed as both Quran teachers and amulet makers for Yoruba soldiers during the intra-tribal wars in Yoruba land.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Islam, like Christianity also found a common ground with the natives that believed in Supreme Being, while there were some areas of disagreements, Islamic teachers impressed upon their audience the need to change from worshipping idols and embrace Allah.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without delay, Islamic scholars and local Imams started establishing Quranic centers to teach Arabic and Islamic studies, much later, conventional schools were established to educate new converts and to propagate Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional shrines and ritual sites were replaced with Central Mosques in major Yoruba towns and cities.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maitatsine">Maitatsine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Maitatsine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Marwa_Maitatsine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Marwa Maitatsine">Mohammed Marwa Maitatsine</a></div> <p>A fringe and heretical group, led by the cleric <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Marwa_Maitatsine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Marwa Maitatsine">Mohammed Marwa Maitatsine</a>, started in <a href="/wiki/Kano_(city)" title="Kano (city)">Kano</a> in the late 1970s and operated throughout the 1980s. Maitatsine (since deceased) was from <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, and claimed to have had divine revelations superseding those of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_prophet" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic prophet">Islamic prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. With their own mosques and a doctrine antagonistic to established Islamic and societal leadership, its main appeal was to marginal and poverty-stricken urban in-migrants, whose rejection by the more established urban groups fostered this religious opposition. These disaffected adherents ultimately lashed out at the more traditional mosques and congregations, resulting in violent outbreaks in several cities of the north.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quranists">Quranists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Quranists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></div> <p>Non-sectarian Muslims who reject the authority of <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Quranists" class="mw-redirect" title="Quranists">Quranists</a>, Quraniyoon, or <a href="/wiki/Kala_Kato" title="Kala Kato">'Yan Kala Kato</a>, are also present in Nigeria.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'Yan Kala Kato is often mistaken for a militant group called <a href="/wiki/Yan_Tatsine" title="Yan Tatsine">Yan Tatsine</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Maitatsine" title="Maitatsine">Maitatsine</a>), an unrelated group founded by <a href="/wiki/Maitatsine" title="Maitatsine">Muhammadu Marwa</a>. Marwa was killed in 1980. Marwa's successor, <a href="/wiki/Musa_Makaniki" title="Musa Makaniki">Musa Makaniki</a>, was arrested in 2004<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sentenced in 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but later released.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And another leader of Yan Tatsine, Malam Badamasi, was killed in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Alao2013_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alao2013-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable Nigerian Quranists include Islamic scholars Mallam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saleh_Idris_Bello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saleh Idris Bello (page does not exist)">Saleh Idris Bello</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam_in_Nigerian_society">Islam in Nigerian society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Islam in Nigerian society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MosqueinAbuja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MosqueinAbuja.jpg/220px-MosqueinAbuja.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MosqueinAbuja.jpg/330px-MosqueinAbuja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MosqueinAbuja.jpg/440px-MosqueinAbuja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The national mosque during <a href="/wiki/Harmattan" title="Harmattan">Harmattan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As an institution in Northern Nigeria, Islam plays an important role in society. The five pillars of Islam, including the annual pilgrimage and daily prayers, are seen as important duties of Muslims. Support for the inclusion of a sharia legal system that governs family law and a religious view about modes of personal conduct has support within society.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> in 2010, Muslims in Nigeria overwhelmingly favoured Islam playing a large role in politics. A majority of Muslims in Nigeria favoured stoning and/or whipping <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adulterers</a>, cutting off hands for crimes like theft or robbery, and the death penalty for those who <a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">abandon Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pew_research20101202_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pew_research20101202-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg/220px-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="411" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg/330px-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg/440px-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%A2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2122" data-file-height="3969" /></a><figcaption>A page from a 19th-century Qur'an written in the <a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fulani</a> script</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Adelabu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Adelabu">Sheikh Adelabu</a></b> has mentioned other aspects of culture influenced by Islam in Nigeria. He cited <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> words used in Nigerian languages, especially Yoruba and Hausa names of the days such as Atalata (Ar. Ath-Thulatha الثلاثاء) for Tuesday, Alaruba (Ar. Al-Arbi'a الأربعاء) for Wednesday, Alamisi (Ar. Al-Khamis الخميس) for Thursday, and Jimoh (Ar. Al-Jum'ah الجمعة) for Friday. By far, Ojo Jimoh is the most favourably used. I usually preferred to the unpleasant Yoruba word for Friday Eti, which means Failure, Laziness or Abandonment.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maintaining that the wide adoption of Islamic faith and traditions has succeeded to lay impacts both on written and spoken Nigerian vernaculars, Sheikh Adelabu asserted nearly all technical terms and cultural usages of <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fulani" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani">Fulani</a> were derived from Islamic heritages, citing a long list of Hausa words adopted from Arabic. In furthering supports for his claims, Sheikh Adelabu gave the following words to be Yoruba's derivatives of Arabic vocabularies:<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Alaafia i.e. Good, Fine Or Healthy from derivative Al-Aafiah (Ar. العافية)</li> <li>Baale i.e. husband or spouse derived from Ba'al (Ar. بعل)</li> <li>Sanma i.e. heaven or sky adopted for Samaa` (Ar. السماء)</li> <li>Alubarika i.e. blessing used as Al-Barakah (Ar. البركة)</li> <li>Wakati i.e. hour or time formed from Waqt (Ar. وقت)</li> <li>Asiri i.e. Secrete or Hidden derivative of As-Sirr (Ar. السرّ)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sharia_law">Sharia law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sharia law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sharia_in_Nigeria" title="Sharia in Nigeria">Sharia in Nigeria</a></div> <p>In 2008, twelve <a href="/wiki/States_of_Nigeria" title="States of Nigeria">states</a> located in northern Nigeria had fully implemented <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The twelve states in northern Nigeria have populations where Muslims form the majority.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, homosexual men were targeted by <i>Hisbah</i>, the religious police. According to a member of the Sharia Commission, homosexuals should be killed by stoning, hanging or pushing them from a high place.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Nigeria, federal law criminalizes homosexual behaviour, but states with Sharia law imposed the death penalty.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_culture">Influence on culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Influence on culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, Islam fostered trade relations between North Africa and West Africa. <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> traders from <a href="/wiki/Tiaret" title="Tiaret">Tiaret</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Rustamid_dynasty" title="Rustamid dynasty">Rustamid dynasty</a> were involved in commerce with <a href="/wiki/Aoudaghost" title="Aoudaghost">Audoghast</a>. These trade routes went further south into the Kanuri and Hausa states of Northern Nigeria. Sharia was also introduced into Northern Nigeria as Islam spread across the region. In addition to law and trade, Islam had some influence in spreading the choice of dressing, language and choice of names.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Agbada" title="Agbada">Agbada</a> dressing in West Africa is commonly associated with Muslims and Mallams, Iborun (neck covers) is worn by many Muslims in Southern Nigeria during prayers and <a href="/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)" title="Taqiyah (cap)">crochet</a> hats were once mostly worn by Muslims to had performed the pilgrimage. Some Hausa and Yoruba expressions and words are also influenced by Arabic, the language of the Koran. <a href="/wiki/As-salamu_alaykum" title="As-salamu alaykum">Assalam Alaykum</a> is a familiar expression for greeting by Muslims and Allahu Akbar is used as a call to prayer. Names such as Mohammed, Ibrahim, Yunusa, Lamidi, Aliu and Suleiman are commonly given to Muslim children.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nigerian_Muslim_Women_and_Hijab_Politics">Nigerian Muslim Women and Hijab Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nigerian Muslim Women and Hijab Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the half of the population that is Muslim, it's estimated that about ⅓ of Muslim women in Nigeria wear the <a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">hijab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, there remains a divisive stance on whether hijab should be allowed to be worn by Muslim women and girls in schools, public spaces, and workplaces.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslim women and girls who wear hijab and other forms of the veil including face coverings have reportedly faced persistent harassment and discrimination in both education and work settings over the last few years.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A court decision banning the wearing of hijab in primary and secondary schools in <a href="/wiki/Lagos_State" title="Lagos State">Lagos State</a> was upheld on October 17, 2014, with similar bans implemented formally and informally in other states and levels of institutions. <sup id="cite_ref-:2_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the court decision was overturned two years later on July 21, 2016, ruling that “the ban on the use of hijab in public schools in the state was discriminatory against Muslim pupils.” The Lagos State government made another attempt to re-institute the ban in February of 2017 and was blocked, affirming the decision to uphold the right to hijab.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_Islamic_education">Traditional Islamic education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Traditional Islamic education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Nigeria" title="Education in Nigeria">Education in Nigeria</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></div><p> The practice of <a href="/wiki/Almajiranci" title="Almajiranci">Almajiranci</a> by students primarily from rural areas (who are called <a href="/wiki/Almajiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Almajiri">Almajiri</a>—a transliteration of Al <a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</a>, the Arabic word for emigrant—. The almajiri system in Nigeria is highly controversial. The system has been attacked for promoting youth poverty and delinquency, for failing to teach young boys vocational skills and thus making them unequipped for the workforce, and for radicalizing boys and making them perfect recruits for gangs and <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:24_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:24-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others believe the almajiri system teaches young boys to be pious, good people who will benefit society.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ALMAJIRI_children_at_Kebbi_State_Nigeria_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/ALMAJIRI_children_at_Kebbi_State_Nigeria_2.jpg/269px-ALMAJIRI_children_at_Kebbi_State_Nigeria_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="269" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/ALMAJIRI_children_at_Kebbi_State_Nigeria_2.jpg/404px-ALMAJIRI_children_at_Kebbi_State_Nigeria_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/ALMAJIRI_children_at_Kebbi_State_Nigeria_2.jpg/538px-ALMAJIRI_children_at_Kebbi_State_Nigeria_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Almajirai at school in <a href="/wiki/Birnin_Kebbi" title="Birnin Kebbi">Birnin Kebbi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kebbi_State" title="Kebbi State">Kebbi State</a>, Nigeria</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extremism">Extremism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Extremism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Nigeria, Pew Research polled the views of Muslims on extremist groups. 45% favoured <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>, 49% favoured <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and 49% favoured <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>. Unlike other Muslim countries, Nigeria was the only country where Muslims were positive towards Al-Qaeda.<sup id="cite_ref-pew_research20101202_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pew_research20101202-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boko_Haram">Boko Haram</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Boko Haram"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islamist_terrorism#Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist terrorism">Islamist terrorism § Africa</a></div> <p>Boko Haram is a terrorist organisation. Its first attack was directed towards the Bauchi prison in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>On the night of 14–15 April 2014, <a href="/wiki/Chibok_schoolgirls_kidnapping" title="Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping">276</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chibok_schoolgirls_kidnapping" title="Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping">female students were kidnapped</a> from the Government Secondary School in the town of <a href="/wiki/Chibok" title="Chibok">Chibok</a> in <a href="/wiki/Borno_State" title="Borno State">Borno State</a>, Nigeria.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Responsibility for the kidnappings was claimed by <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a>, an extremist terrorist organization based in northeastern Nigeria. 57 of the schoolgirls managed to escape over the next few months<sup id="cite_ref-BBC20160414_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC20160414-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On the night of 5–6 May 2014, <a href="/wiki/2014_Gamboru_Ngala_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Gamboru Ngala attack">Boko Haram militants attacked the twin towns of Gamboru and Ngala</a> in <a href="/wiki/Borno_State" title="Borno State">Borno State</a>, Nigeria. Roughly 310 residents were killed in the 12-hour attack, and the town was largely destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-hp_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hp-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/2014_Kano_attack" title="2014 Kano attack">2014 Kano bombing</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a terrorist attack on November 28, 2014, at the Central Mosque in Kano, Northern Nigeria, during the Boko Haram insurgency. The mosque, situated near the palace of the Emir of Kano, Muhammad Sanusi II, was targeted shortly after the Emir had urged civilians to defend themselves against Boko Haram.</li></ul> <p>The attack occurred during Friday prayers when three bombs exploded, killing over 120 Muslim worshippers and injuring 260 others. Two suicide bombers detonated their explosives, while gunmen opened fire on people trying to escape. </p><p>Witnesses reported that the two explosions happened in the mosque’s courtyard, with a third occurring on a nearby road. One witness noted that the imam was about to begin prayers when a car attempted to force its way into the mosque, and the occupant detonated the bombs after being stopped. This was among the deadliest attacks during the insurgency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation_of_Nigerian_Islam">Organisation of Nigerian Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Organisation of Nigerian Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Sa%27adu_Abubakar" title="Sa'adu Abubakar">Sa'adu Abubakar</a>, the 20th <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Sokoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Sokoto">Sultan of Sokoto</a>, is considered the spiritual leader of Nigeria's Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several Muslim organisations, lobbies and pressure groups exist, such as <a href="/wiki/NASFAT" title="NASFAT">Nasfat</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mpac-ng.org/about/">MPAC Nigeria</a> <sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Muslim Rights Concern.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/48px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/64px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nigeria" title="Portal:Nigeria">Nigeria portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Islam by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">Religion in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nigeria" title="Christianity in Nigeria">Christianity in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria#New_radical_Islamic_movements_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">New radical Islamic movements in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bangladesh" title="Islam in Bangladesh">Islam in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Islam in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">Islam in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Islam in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Iran" title="Islam in Iran">Islam in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Pakistan" title="Islam in Pakistan">Islam in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Philippines" title="Islam in the Philippines">Islam in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Russia" title="Islam in Russia">Islam in Russia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Nigeria&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation report 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/content/sharia-implementation-northern-nigeria-after-15-years">the original</a> on 2023-04-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.qeh.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Sharia+implementation+in+northern+Nigeria+after+15+years+%7C+Oxford+Department+of+International+Development&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qeh.ox.ac.uk%2Fcontent%2Fsharia-implementation-northern-nigeria-after-15-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-executive-summary/">"The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity"</a>. Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. August 9, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190310121517/http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-executive-summary/">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Muslims%3A+Unity+and+Diversity&rft.pub=Pew+Forum+on+Religious+%26+Public+life&rft.date=2012-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2012%2F08%2F09%2Fthe-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-executive-summary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahmadiyya.ng/achievements-of-ahmadiyya-muslim-jamaat-in-nigeria/">"Achievements of Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat in Nigeria</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalogun1969" class="citation book cs1">Balogun, Ismail A. B (1969). <i>The penetration of Islam into Nigeria</i>. Khartum: University of Khartoum, Sudan Research Unit. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/427362">427362</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+penetration+of+Islam+into+Nigeria&rft.place=Khartum&rft.pub=University+of+Khartoum%2C+Sudan+Research+Unit&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F427362&rft.aulast=Balogun&rft.aufirst=Ismail+A.+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenny1996" class="citation journal cs1">Kenny, Joseph (November 1996). "Sharia and Christianity in Nigeria: Islam and a 'Secular' State". <i>Journal of Religion in Africa</i>. <b>24</b> (4). BRILL: <span class="nowrap">338–</span>364. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1581837">10.2307/1581837</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1581837">1581837</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Religion+in+Africa&rft.atitle=Sharia+and+Christianity+in+Nigeria%3A+Islam+and+a+%27Secular%27+State&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E338-%3C%2Fspan%3E364&rft.date=1996-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1581837&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1581837%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kenny&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapidus2002" class="citation book cs1">Lapidus, Ira Marvin (2002). "Islam in West Africa". <i>A History of Islamic Societies</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 405. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-77933-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-77933-2"><bdi>0-521-77933-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Islam+in+West+Africa&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Islamic+Societies&rft.pages=405&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-77933-2&rft.aulast=Lapidus&rft.aufirst=Ira+Marvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Works of <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Adelabu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Adelabu">Sheikh Dr. Abu-Abdullah Adelabu</a> at <a href="/wiki/AWQAF_Africa" title="AWQAF Africa">Awqaf Africa</a>, Damascus: <i>Islam in Africa – West African in Particular</i>, and <i>Missionary and Colonization in Africa</i> see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esinislam.com/">esinislam.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012031022/http://www.esinislam.com/">Archived</a> 2017-10-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Usman dan Fodio". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Usman+dan+Fodio&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComolli2015" class="citation book cs1">Comolli, Virginia (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vYmMCwAAQBAJ"><i>Boko Haram: Nigeria's Islamist Insurgency</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849044912" title="Special:BookSources/9781849044912"><bdi>9781849044912</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boko+Haram%3A+Nigeria%27s+Islamist+Insurgency&rft.place=London&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781849044912&rft.aulast=Comolli&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvYmMCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falola-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Falola_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalola2009" class="citation book cs1">Falola, Toyin (2009). <i>Historical Dictionary of Nigeria</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bethel.edu/~letnie/AfricanChristianity/WesternNorthAfricaHomepage.html">the original</a> on 2010-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Western+North+African+Christianity%3A+A+History+of+the+Christian+Church+in+Western+North+Africa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bethel.edu%2F~letnie%2FAfricanChristianity%2FWesternNorthAfricaHomepage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mawsuaat Al-Islam Al-Kubrah (The Big Encyclopedia of Islam) Volume 2 page 939 and volume 3 646 and Abduhu Badawi: Ma'a Harak ul-Islam fi Ifriqiyah (Siding Islamic Movement in Africa) 1979 Cairo page 177</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islamic-world">"Islamic world - Consolidation and expansion (1405–1683)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202012901/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islamic-world">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-02-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Islamic+world+-+Consolidation+and+expansion+%281405%E2%80%931683%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FIslamic-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://instantlawblog.wordpress.com/2016/10/01/history-of-islamic-law/">"HISTORY OF ISLAMIC LAW"</a>. <i>Instant Law</i>. 2016-10-01. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802022126/https://instantlawblog.wordpress.com/2016/10/01/history-of-islamic-law/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Instant+Law&rft.atitle=HISTORY+OF+ISLAMIC+LAW.&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finstantlawblog.wordpress.com%2F2016%2F10%2F01%2Fhistory-of-islamic-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shittu, H (2015) TREND OF ISLAMICOLOGY IN NIGERIA; PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE. <i>E-Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference on Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization, iCASiC2015 (e-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-0792-02-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-0792-02-6">978-967-0792-02-6</a></i>), 9-10 March 2015, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgunbado2012" class="citation web cs1">Ogunbado, Ahamad Faosiy (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272717594">"Impacts of Colonialism on Religions: An Experience of South- western Nigeria"</a>. <i>Research gate</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220306215153/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272717594_Impacts_of_Colonialism_on_Religions_An_Experience_of_Southwestern_Nigeria">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+gate&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+Colonialism+on+Religions%3A+An+Experience+of+South-+western+Nigeria&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Ogunbado&rft.aufirst=Ahamad+Faosiy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F272717594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tsis/hd_tsis.htm">"Trade and the Spread of Islam in Africa"</a>. <i>www.metmuseum.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Trade+and+the+Spread+of+Islam+in+Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Ftsis%2Fhd_tsis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/medieval-times/spread-of-islam/a/the-rise-of-islamic-empires-and-states">"The rise of Islamic empires and states (article) | Khan Academy"</a>. <i>Khan Academy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200311053005/https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/medieval-times/spread-of-islam/a/the-rise-of-islamic-empires-and-states">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Khan+Academy&rft.atitle=The+rise+of+Islamic+empires+and+states+%28article%29+%7C+Khan+Academy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khanacademy.org%2Fhumanities%2Fworld-history%2Fmedieval-times%2Fspread-of-islam%2Fa%2Fthe-rise-of-islamic-empires-and-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlonso2014" class="citation book cs1">Alonso, Miguel C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Barometer&rft.atitle=Yor%C3%B9b%C3%A1land+Initial+Contact+with+Islam+1&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft.au=IOB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbarometerng.wordpress.com%2F2016%2F04%2F08%2Fyorubaland-initial-contact-with-islam-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://instantlawblog.wordpress.com/2016/10/01/history-of-islamic-law/">"HISTORY OF ISLAMIC LAW"</a>. <i>Instant Law</i>. 2016-10-01. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802022126/https://instantlawblog.wordpress.com/2016/10/01/history-of-islamic-law/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"The historical impact of Islam and its future prospects in Africa: a case study of Sudan and Nigeria". <i>Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs Journal</i>. <b>9</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">311–</span>330. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02666958808716085">10.1080/02666958808716085</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0266-6952">0266-6952</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Muslim+Minority+Affairs+Journal&rft.atitle=The+historical+impact+of+Islam+and+its+future+prospects+in+Africa%3A+a+case+study+of+Sudan+and+Nigeria&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E311-%3C%2Fspan%3E330&rft.date=1988-07-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02666958808716085&rft.issn=0266-6952&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Hawthorne+Emery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzeez2004" class="citation journal cs1">Azeez, Waheed (2004-01-10). "Arabic and Islamic Education in Nigeria from Rote Learning to E-Learning". Rochester, NY. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2203728">2203728</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arabic+and+Islamic+Education+in+Nigeria+from+Rote+Learning+to+E-Learning&rft.date=2004-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D2203728%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Azeez&rft.aufirst=Waheed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717182402/https://www.nigeriabusinessfile.com/information/people/religion">"Religion - NigeriaInformation - NigeriaBusinessFile"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nigeriabusinessfile.com/information/people/religion">the original</a> on July 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+-+NigeriaInformation+-+NigeriaBusinessFile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nigeriabusinessfile.com%2Finformation%2Fpeople%2Freligion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathews2002" class="citation book cs1">Mathews, Martin P. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hTs6GpM4zDMC&pg=PA136"><i>Nigeria: Current Issues and Historical Background</i></a>. Nova Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59033-316-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59033-316-7"><bdi>978-1-59033-316-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803115557/https://books.google.com/books?id=hTs6GpM4zDMC&pg=PA136">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nigeria%3A+Current+Issues+and+Historical+Background&rft.pub=Nova+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-59033-316-7&rft.aulast=Mathews&rft.aufirst=Martin+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhTs6GpM4zDMC%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abdul Rauf Mustapha, <i>Sects & Social Disorder: Muslim Identities & Conflict in Northern Nigeria</i>, James Currey, 2014, pp. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">KAYODE FASUA (Mar 3, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130305122856/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/maitatsine-tale-of-religious-war-in-the-north/">Maitatsine: Tale of religious war in the North</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup>. National Mirror Online.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Peter Pham, 19 Oct 06.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worlddefensereview.com/pham101906.shtml">In Nigeria False Prophets Are Real Problems</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205222656/http://worlddefensereview.com/pham101906.shtml">Archived</a> 2012-02-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, World Defense Review.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timawus Mathias. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/old/index.php/opinion/28036-musa-makaniki-discharged-and-acquitted">Musa Makaniki: Discharged and acquitted</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140518175600/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/old/index.php/opinion/28036-musa-makaniki-discharged-and-acquitted">Archived</a> 2014-05-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Daily Trust, Wednesday, 09 May 2012 05:00.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alao2013-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alao2013_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abiodun Alao, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:Xe6Zk4AlURoJ:www.securityanddevelopment.org/pdf/ESRC%2520Nigeria%2520Overview.pdf+&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjsZ0aTSyrQvlkO7I4BC0UqWpbK8goP_V2nOt_RiEyg4aIFUBCXJiGs9ZNxv7-El1zq7xWQRjVht8gCpcboG5sAI0cd_UngWN4NDXRbf13xVQdr9YXXyHtdXH9bhjHxvtq5mD-r&sig=AHIEtbRnsV-nXknpgE4ZuHxU-DoBxI9uYA">Islamic Radicalisation and Violence in Nigeria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422192636/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache%3AXe6Zk4AlURoJ%3Awww.securityanddevelopment.org%2Fpdf%2FESRC%2520Nigeria%2520Overview.pdf+&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjsZ0aTSyrQvlkO7I4BC0UqWpbK8goP_V2nOt_RiEyg4aIFUBCXJiGs9ZNxv7-El1zq7xWQRjVht8gCpcboG5sAI0cd_UngWN4NDXRbf13xVQdr9YXXyHtdXH9bhjHxvtq5mD-r&sig=AHIEtbRnsV-nXknpgE4ZuHxU-DoBxI9uYA">Archived</a> 2016-04-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Retrieved March 1, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuranists2012" class="citation web cs1">Quranists (28 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quranistsnigeria.blogspot.com/2012/02/hausa-debate-part-1.html">"Quranists Nigeria: Hausa Debate on the topic: "shin alqurani ne ya tabbatar da hadisan annabi (SAW), a debate between two Islamic scholars, Mallam Saleh Idris Bello on the Quranic side and Mallam Musa Yusuf Assadussunah on the Sunni side" (part 1)"</a>. <i>quranistsnigeria.blogspot.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180411025952/http://quranistsnigeria.blogspot.com/2012/02/hausa-debate-part-1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=quranistsnigeria.blogspot.com&rft.atitle=Quranists+Nigeria%3A+Hausa+Debate+on+the+topic%3A+%22shin+alqurani+ne+ya+tabbatar+da+hadisan+annabi+%28SAW%29%2C+a+debate+between+two+Islamic+scholars%2C+Mallam+Saleh+Idris+Bello+on+the+Quranic+side+and+Mallam+Musa+Yusuf+Assadussunah+on+the+Sunni+side%22+%28part+1%29&rft.date=2012-02-28&rft.au=Quranists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquranistsnigeria.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F02%2Fhausa-debate-part-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/46.htm">"Nigeria - Islam"</a>. <i>countrystudies.us</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516151933/http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/46.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Nigeria+-+Islam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fnigeria%2F46.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pew_research20101202-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pew_research20101202_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pew_research20101202_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewglobal.org/2010/12/02/muslims-around-the-world-divided-on-hamas-and-hezbollah/">"Muslim Publics Divided on Hamas and Hezbollah | Pew Research Center"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Research">Pew Research</a>. 2010-12-02. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321072503/https://www.pewglobal.org/2010/12/02/muslims-around-the-world-divided-on-hamas-and-hezbollah/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muslim+Publics+Divided+on+Hamas+and+Hezbollah+%7C+Pew+Research+Center&rft.pub=Pew+Research&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewglobal.org%2F2010%2F12%2F02%2Fmuslims-around-the-world-divided-on-hamas-and-hezbollah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span>|quote=However, opinions of al Qaeda and its leader, Osama bin Laden, are consistently negative; only in Nigeria do Muslims offer views that are, on balance, positive toward al Qaeda and bin Laden.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A lecture by <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Adelabu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Adelabu">Sheikh Dr. Abu-Abdullah Adelabu</a> of Awqaf Africa London titled: The History Of Islam in 'The Black History' at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esinislam.com/">esinislam.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171012031022/http://www.esinislam.com/">Archived</a> 2017-10-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdelabu" class="citation web cs1">Adelabu, EsinIslam The Muslim World Portal For Top News, Islamics And Information From The Awqaf The Society Of And Followers Of Sheikh Dr. Abu-Abdullah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esinislam.com/Islamiyyat_Index/Arabic_English_Dictionary_Index.htm">"Arabic-English Dictionary By Sheikh Adelabu (Ph. D. Damas) - Fully Conjugated Arabic English Lexicon With Simplified Entries - Alphabetical Entries Indexed For Arabic-English Dictionary Of Sheikh Adelabu (Ph. D. Damas) :: ألفبيات مادّات مفهرسة للقاموس العربي الإنجليزي للشيخ أديلابو - دكتوراه من دمسق - Alphabetical Entries Indexed For Arabic-English Dictionary Of Sheikh Adelabu (Ph. D. Damas) :: ألفبيات مادّات مفهرسة للقاموس العربي الإنجليزي للشيخ أديلابو - دكتوراه من دمسق"</a>. <i>www.esinislam.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180411025913/http://www.esinislam.com/Islamiyyat_Index/Arabic_English_Dictionary_Index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.esinislam.com&rft.atitle=Arabic-English+Dictionary+By+Sheikh+Adelabu+%28Ph.+D.+Damas%29+-+Fully+Conjugated+Arabic+English+Lexicon+With+Simplified+Entries+-+Alphabetical+Entries+Indexed+For+Arabic-English+Dictionary+Of+Sheikh+Adelabu+%28Ph.+D.+Damas%29+%3A%3A+%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE+%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88+-+%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%82+-+Alphabetical+Entries+Indexed+For+Arabic-English+Dictionary+Of+Sheikh+Adelabu+%28Ph.+D.+Damas%29+%3A%3A+%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE+%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88+-+%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%82&rft.aulast=Adelabu&rft.aufirst=EsinIslam+The+Muslim+World+Portal+For+Top+News%2C+Islamics+And+Information+From+The+Awqaf+The+Society+Of+And+Followers+Of+Sheikh+Dr.+Abu-Abdullah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esinislam.com%2FIslamiyyat_Index%2FArabic_English_Dictionary_Index.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslam+in+Nigeria" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2008/108385.htm">"Nigeria"</a>. <i>U.S. Department of State</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801221623/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2008/108385.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Abdallah, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://themuslim500.com/profile/saadu-abubakar-iii-sultan-sokoto">"Amirul Mu’minin Sheikh as Sultan Muhammadu Sa’adu Abubakar III"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140625122539/http://themuslim500.com/profile/saadu-abubakar-iii-sultan-sokoto">Archived</a> 2014-06-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in "The Muslim 500, the World's 500 Most Influential Muslims" retrieved January 20, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mpac-ng.org/mpac-management-team-meets-with-the-vice-president/">"MPAC Management Team Meets with the Vice President – MPAC Nigeria"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921021515/https://mpac-ng.org/mpac-management-team-meets-with-the-vice-president/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Cape_Verde" title="Islam in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Islam in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Chad" title="Islam in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Comoros" title="Islam in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Islam in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Islam in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Djibouti" title="Islam in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Egypt" title="Islam in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Islam in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Eswatini" title="Islam in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ethiopia" title="Islam in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Gabon" title="Islam in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Gambia" title="Islam in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ghana" title="Islam in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guinea" title="Islam in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Islam in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Islam in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kenya" title="Islam in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Lesotho" title="Islam in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Liberia" title="Islam in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Libya" title="Islam in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Madagascar" title="Islam in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malawi" title="Islam in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mali" title="Islam in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mauritania" title="Islam in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mauritius" title="Islam in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Morocco" title="Islam in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mozambique" title="Islam in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Namibia" title="Islam in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Niger" title="Islam in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Rwanda" title="Islam in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Islam in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Senegal" title="Islam in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Seychelles" title="Islam in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Islam in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Somalia" title="Islam in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Africa" title="Islam in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Sudan" title="Islam in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Sudan" title="Islam in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tanzania" title="Islam in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Togo" title="Islam in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Tunisia" title="Islam in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Uganda" title="Islam in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Zambia" title="Islam in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Zimbabwe" title="Islam in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam in Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam in Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam in Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Mayotte" title="Islam in Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Islam in Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Saint_Helena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam in Saint Helena (page does not exist)">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam in Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam in Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Western_Sahara" title="Islam in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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