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Amendment 1 of 2009</b> (also known as the <b>Nashville English Only Amendment</b> or <b>Nashville English First Amendment</b>) was a proposed amendment to the charter of <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a><sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_County_Election_Commission_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson_County_Election_Commission-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which, if passed, would have restricted the use of foreign languages in relation to the functions of the city government. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1159459382">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data{width:calc(100% - 20px);overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:24em"><caption class="infobox-title">Nashville Charter Amendment 1</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:10%;" class="noprint"></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:80%;" class=""><b>January 22, 2009<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2009-01-22</span>)</span></b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:10%;" class="noprint"></td> </tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1150407293">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile"><hr /></span><span class="mobile"></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="display:inline-block;border-style: solid;padding: 3px;border-color: #A2A9B1;border-width: 2px;background-color: #FEFEFE;color: black;margin: 3px;width: calc(100% - 16px);max-width: 24em;">English is the official language of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee. Official actions that bind or commit the government shall be taken only in the English language, and all official government communications and publications shall be in English. No person shall have a right to government services in any other language. All meetings of the Metro Council, boards, and commissions of the Metropolitan Government shall be conducted in English. The Metro Council may make specific exceptions to protect public health and safety. Nothing in this measure shall be interpreted to conflict with federal or state law.<sup id="cite_ref-Nashville_English_First_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nashville_English_First-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef;">Results</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:25em; margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <th style="width: 50%;"><div style="float:left;">Choice</div> </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 25%">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 25%">% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg/14px-Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg/21px-Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg/28px-Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="577" /></span></span> Yes </td> <td style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0.5em">32,144 </td> <td style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0.5em"><span data-sort-value="7001434989715275522♠" style="display:none"></span>43.50% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Light_brown_x.svg/14px-Light_brown_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Light_brown_x.svg/21px-Light_brown_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Light_brown_x.svg/28px-Light_brown_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3584" data-file-height="4096" /></span></span> No </td> <td style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0.5em"><b>41,752</b> </td> <td style="text-align: right;margin-right: 0.5em"><b><span data-sort-value="7001565010284724477♠" style="display:none"></span>56.50%</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <td style="text-align: left">Valid votes </td> <td style="text-align: right;">73,896 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100.00% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <td style="text-align: left">Invalid or blank votes </td> <td style="text-align: right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0.00% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE"> <td style="text-align: left"><b>Total votes</b> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><b>73,896</b> </td> <td style="text-align: right;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align:left; background:#fafafa; border-top: #aaa 1px solid; padding:0.2em;">Source: <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Early voting was held from January 2, 2009 to January 17, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_County_Election_Commission_-_Early_Voting_Schedule2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson_County_Election_Commission_-_Early_Voting_Schedule2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regular voting was held on January 22, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_County_Election_Commission2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson_County_Election_Commission2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The amendment failed to pass, with only 43.5% of voters supporting it. </p><p>The referendum took place amidst a broader <a href="/wiki/English-only_movement" title="English-only movement">English-only movement</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Most of the funding for the initiative came from the <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>-based lobbying organization <a href="/wiki/ProEnglish" title="ProEnglish">ProEnglish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components">Components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nashville_Charter_Amendment_1&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Accordingly, there were five components to Proposal 1: </p> <ul><li>Declaring an <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> of the city and county</li> <li>Official actions "taken only" in English; communications and publications in English</li> <li>No right to non-English services</li> <li>Establishing language of government meetings</li> <li>Exceptions for federal law, state law, and specific situations chosen by the Council but only on the grounds of health and safety</li></ul> <p>Previous efforts to pass this type of legislation had been met with vigorous opposition from then-Nashville Mayor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Purcell_(mayor)" title="Bill Purcell (mayor)">Bill Purcell</a>, who argued that the passage of an ordinance making English the official language of Nashville would create legal confusion, resulting in countless lawsuits. In his statement vetoing the ordinance in February 2007, Purcell said: </p> <blockquote><p>If this law takes effect, this city will be engaged in years of lawsuits testing the effect and constitutionality of the ordinance. That means hundreds of thousands of dollars in legal fees whether we win or lose, for no good reason.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayor's_Statement_Regarding_Veto_of_English-Only_Amendment_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayor's_Statement_Regarding_Veto_of_English-Only_Amendment-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Proponents of the proposal referred to it as "English First" while opponents called it "English Only" - each side claimed that the other side's terminology was misleading.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_English_Is_Not_English_Only_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_English_Is_Not_English_Only-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Opposition_argument_for_'English_Only'_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opposition_argument_for_'English_Only'-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Associated Press called the measure a "foreign language ban."<sup id="cite_ref-AP_article_-_Foreign_language_ban_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP_article_-_Foreign_language_ban-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Supporters of Proposal 1 argued that government communication in only one language is simple and cost-effective and provides an incentive to non-English speakers to learn the language.<sup id="cite_ref-Nashville_English_First_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nashville_English_First-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proponents of Proposal 1 were represented by Nashville English First, the brainchild of Nashvillians Jon Crisp and Eric Crafton,<sup id="cite_ref-Spitball_sessions_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spitball_sessions-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the legal, financial, and moral support of <a href="/wiki/ProEnglish" title="ProEnglish">ProEnglish</a> out of <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ProEnglish_support_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProEnglish_support-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opponents argued that the measure is antagonistic toward immigrants in transition, redundant in that English was already the "official and legal language" of Tennessee, and that passage of the measure could damage Nashville's reputation as a welcoming city, its international economy, its budget, and its safety.<sup id="cite_ref-Nashville_for_All_of_Us_web_site_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nashville_for_All_of_Us_web_site-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most formal opposition came from Nashville for All of Us, a coalition of Nashville groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Nashville_for_All_of_Us_web_site_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nashville_for_All_of_Us_web_site-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nashville_Charter_Amendment_1&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The amendment failed to pass, with 41,752 votes opposed (56.5%) and 32,144 votes in support 43.5%. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 1em; background: #f9f9f9;"> <caption style="background-color:#f2f2f2;margin-bottom:-1px;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:.2em .4em">Nashville Charter Amendment 1 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 210px">Choice </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 70px">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 50px">% </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Light_brown_x.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Referendum failed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Light_brown_x.svg/14px-Light_brown_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Light_brown_x.svg/21px-Light_brown_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Light_brown_x.svg/28px-Light_brown_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3584" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span> <b>No</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>41,752</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>56.50</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yes </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32,144 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.50 </td></tr> <tr class="tfoot" style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><b>Total votes</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>73,896</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>100.00</b> </td></tr> <tr class="tfoot" style="background:#f2f2f2; font-size: 85%;"> <td colspan="3">Source: <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>, <a href="/wiki/WTVF" title="WTVF">NewsChannel 5</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nashville_Charter_Amendment_1&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Davidson_County_Election_Commission-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_County_Election_Commission_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nashville.gov/Vote/">"Nashville.gov - Election Commission"</a>. 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