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Expérience utilisateur — Wikipédia

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open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/20px-Confusion_colour.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/30px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/40px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Ne doit pas être confondu avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interface_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interface utilisateur">Interface utilisateur</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p>L'<b>expérience utilisateur</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (EU) (en anglais, <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">user experience</span></i>, abrégé en "<span class="lang-en" lang="en">UX</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) est la qualité du vécu de l'utilisateur dans des environnements numériques ou physiques. C'est une notion de plus en plus courante là où l'on utilisait, encore récemment, les notions d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ergonomie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ergonomie">ergonomie</a> des logiciels et d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utilisabilit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Utilisabilité">utilisabilité</a><sup id="cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barcenilla-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:User-experience-diagram.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/User-experience-diagram.png/220px-User-experience-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/User-experience-diagram.png/330px-User-experience-diagram.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/User-experience-diagram.png/440px-User-experience-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080"></a> <figcaption> Diagramme situant l'expérience utilisateur. </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9finitions"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Définitions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mod%C3%A8les_th%C3%A9oriques"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Modèles théoriques</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_mod%C3%A8le_d%E2%80%99Hassenzahl_:_de_la_perspective_du_concepteur_%C3%A0_la_perspective_de_l%E2%80%99utilisateur"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Le modèle d’Hassenzahl&nbsp;: de la perspective du concepteur à la perspective de l’utilisateur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_mod%C3%A8le_de_Mahlke_:_un_cadre_d%E2%80%99analyse_global"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Le modèle de Mahlke&nbsp;: un cadre d’analyse global</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_mod%C3%A8le_de_Karapanos_:_la_temporalit%C3%A9_comme_quatri%C3%A8me_dimension_de_l%E2%80%99UX"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Le modèle de Karapanos&nbsp;: la temporalité comme quatrième dimension de l’UX</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9bats"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Débats</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Crit%C3%A8res_et_m%C3%A9thodes_d'analyse_de_l'exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Critères et méthodes d'analyse de l'expérience utilisateur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Concepts_voisins"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Concepts voisins</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Définitions"><span id="D.C3.A9finitions"></span>Définitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Définitions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:UX_Design.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/UX_Design.png/220px-UX_Design.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2145" data-file-height="2142"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/UX_Design.png/220px-UX_Design.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/UX_Design.png/330px-UX_Design.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/UX_Design.png/440px-UX_Design.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> L'utilisateur au centre de la conception des applications </figcaption> </figure> <p>La notion d’expérience utilisateur marque une évolution disciplinaire (pluridisciplinaire), méthodologique et conceptuelle dans la façon de concevoir la relation de l'utilisateur aux produits et aux systèmes techniques, d'une part, et de considérer leur qualité «&nbsp;ergonomique&nbsp;», d'autre part<sup id="cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barcenilla-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette évolution passe par la prise en compte des caractéristiques non instrumentales (non liées à l'efficacité, la sécurité ou la fiabilité) des produits et des systèmes techniques, soit l'apparence, l'esthétique, le plaisir, l'émotion, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barcenilla-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donald_Norman?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donald Norman">Donald Norman</a>, professeur émérite en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sciences_cognitives?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sciences cognitives">sciences cognitives</a> de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Californie_%C3%A0_San_Diego?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Université de Californie à San Diego">Université de Californie à San Diego</a>, invente le terme dans les années 1990, dans l'ouvrage <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=The_Design_of_Everyday_Things&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="The Design of Everyday Things (page inexistante)">The Design of Everyday Things</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Design_of_Everyday_Things" class="extiw" title="en:The Design of Everyday Things"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&nbsp;: «&nbsp;The Design of Everyday Things&nbsp;»">(en)</span></a></i>. Il y développe l'idée d'une «&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conception_centr%C3%A9e_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conception centrée utilisateur">conception centrée utilisateur</a>&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'idée consiste à considérer l'ensemble des caractéristiques et des besoins des utilisateurs lors du développement des produits, et à faire participer ceux-ci activement au processus de leur conception<sup id="cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barcenilla-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Norman souhaite ainsi étendre le champ trop étroit de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utilisabilit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Utilisabilité">utilisabilité</a> afin de couvrir tous les aspects de l’expérience d’un individu avec un produit ou un système.</p> <p>Norman explique d’ailleurs l’invention du terme, dans un échange privé avec Peter Merholz, cité par Aurélien Tabard et Alain Mille<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;:</p> <blockquote> <p>«&nbsp;J’ai inventé l’expression car je pensais que Interface Humaine (Human Interface) et utilisabilité (usability) étaient trop limités&nbsp;: je voulais couvrir tous les aspects de l’expérience d’une personne avec un système, en considérant le design industriel, le graphisme, l’interface, l’interaction physique et le manuel. Depuis, l’expression s’est diffusée énormément, tellement qu’elle a commencé à perdre de son sens.&nbsp;»</p> </blockquote> <p>Popularisée dans les années 2000, l'UX a été abordée de diverses manières et de nombreuses définitions ont été suggérées, sans donner lieu à un réel consensus<sup id="cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barcenilla-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette absence de consensus a été soulignée par Barcenilla et Bastien, de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Metz?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Université de Metz">Université de Metz</a>&nbsp;:</p> <blockquote> <p>«&nbsp;La notion d’expérience utilisateur peut être envisagée dans un premier temps comme un cadre intégrateur, inclusif et holistique des différentes composantes relatives à l’interaction utilisateur/produit qui constituent autant de variables permettant de rendre compte de l’expérience subjective de l’utilisateur. Cependant, il n’y a pas une approche «&nbsp;expérience de l’utilisateur&nbsp;» mais des approches, étant donné la diversité de points de vue disciplinaires, méthodologiques et conceptuels sur le sujet. Il est donc difficile de trouver un consensus permettant d’arriver à une définition unique de ce qu’on peut entendre par «&nbsp;expérience de l’utilisateur&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barcenilla-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&nbsp;»</p> </blockquote> <p>Une première définition a été proposée par Lauralee Alben en 1996, pour qui l'UX regroupe <span class="citation">«&nbsp;tous les aspects liés à la manière dont les gens utilisent un produit interactif&nbsp;: la sensation du produit dans leurs mains, la compréhension de son fonctionnement, le ressenti durant l’usage, l’accomplissement de leurs buts mais également son adéquation avec le contexte global dans lequel ils l’utilisent&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 2003, Arhippainen et Tähti proposent de définir l'UX comme le <span class="citation">«&nbsp;résultat de l'interaction de cinq catégories de facteurs&nbsp;: sociaux, culturels, ceux liés aux caractéristiques de l'utilisateur, ceux liés au contexte et ceux liés aux caractéristiques du produit&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette définition suggère la prise en considération du contexte et de la motivation du sujet. Semblablement, en 2006, Hassenzahl et Tractinsky définissent l'UX comme <span class="citation">«&nbsp;la conséquence de l'état interne de l'utilisateur (prédispositions, attentes, besoins, motivations, humeur,&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>), des caractéristiques du système (exemple&nbsp;: complexité, objectif, utilisabilité, fonctionnalité,&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>) et du contexte (ou environnement) dans lequel ont lieu les interactions&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Mahlke identifie lui trois dimensions à l'UX&nbsp;: la perception des qualités instrumentales (utilisabilité)&nbsp;; la perception des qualités non instrumentales (esthétique, valeur véhiculées, facteurs motivationnels,&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>)&nbsp;; et les réactions émotionnelles (sentiments subjectifs, expressions motrices et comportementales, réactions physiologiques, évaluation cognitives,&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_incompl%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence incomplète">[réf.&nbsp;incomplète]</a></sup>.</p> <p>La littérature plus récente souligne que les interactions personne-système dépendent de deux composantes&nbsp;: une composante non expérientielle, qui se rattache à la fonction utilitaire, et une composante expérientielle, qui renvoie au ressenti et aux réponses cognitives et émotionnelles de la situation d’interaction. Ces deux interactions dépendent des conditions cognitives et sociales de la situation dans laquelle intervient l’UX. Cette double articulation implique par conséquent des champs théoriques relevant de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ergonomie_cognitive?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ergonomie cognitive">ergonomie cognitive</a> et d’autres liés à la psychologie sociale<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La communauté des designers UX s'est développée à partir des années 2000. Elle est principalement représentée à l'international par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=User_Experience_Professionals_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="User Experience Professionals Association (page inexistante)">User Experience Professionals Association</a> (UXPA) fondée en 1991 et qui comprend près de 2&nbsp;400&nbsp;membres<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Quand?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Quand"><span title="Ce passage devrait préciser au minimum la décennie ou l'année (demandé le février 2020) ; voir l'aide.">[Quand&nbsp;?]</span></a></sup><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le février 2020) ; voir l'aide.">[réf.&nbsp;nécessaire]</span></a></sup>. Son chapitre français est la Flupa (Association francophone des professionnels de l'expérience utilisateur). En France, l'association <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Designers_interactifs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Designers interactifs">Designers interactifs</a> est aussi très active dans le domaine de l'UX et revendique 1&nbsp;200&nbsp;membres<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Quand?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Quand"><span title="Ce passage devrait préciser au minimum la décennie ou l'année (demandé le février 2020) ; voir l'aide.">[Quand&nbsp;?]</span></a></sup><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le février 2020) ; voir l'aide.">[réf.&nbsp;nécessaire]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Modèles_théoriques"><span id="Mod.C3.A8les_th.C3.A9oriques"></span>Modèles théoriques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Modèles théoriques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Les modèles théoriques de l'expérience utilisateur sont généralement mobilisés dans les travaux scientifiques et peuvent concerner plusieurs disciplines comme les sciences cognitives, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sciences_de_gestion?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sciences de gestion">sciences de gestion</a>, ou les sciences de l'information et de la communication. Ces modèles sont également utilisés par des professionnels dans le cadre de la conception des interface homme machines ou plus récemment dans la réalisation de pages internet. Il existe de nombreux modèles dans la littérature néanmoins, trois modèles principaux sont fréquemment cités&nbsp;: le modèle d’ Hassenzahl, le modèle de Mahlke et le modèle de Karapanos.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Le_modèle_d’Hassenzahl_:_de_la_perspective_du_concepteur_à_la_perspective_de_l’utilisateur"><span id="Le_mod.C3.A8le_d.E2.80.99Hassenzahl_:_de_la_perspective_du_concepteur_.C3.A0_la_perspective_de_l.E2.80.99utilisateur"></span>Le modèle d’Hassenzahl&nbsp;: de la perspective du concepteur à la perspective de l’utilisateur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le modèle d’Hassenzahl&nbsp;: de la perspective du concepteur à la perspective de l’utilisateur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Le modèle d’Hassenzahl (2003) souligne la différence prépondérante existant entre la perspective du concepteur et la perspective de l’utilisateur. Le concepteur, ou le producteur par son degré d’expertise ou ses connaissances va élaborer les dispositifs sans pouvoir se projeter objectivement à la place de l’utilisateur. Son jugement et a fortiori sa production peut être biaisée par ses propres représentations. Le concepteur choisit et combine des éléments (contenu, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graphisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graphisme">graphisme</a>, design, fonctionnalités, modalités d’interaction) pour donner au produit un caractère particulier. Cependant, celui-ci est subjectif et traduit seulement l’intention du concepteur. Il n’est pas assuré que l’utilisateur perçoive et apprécie le produit de la manière souhaitée. C’est justement l’étude UX qui va garantir l’adéquation entre les points de vue du concepteur et de l’utilisateur<sup id="cite_ref-Lallemand_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lallemand-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. (Lallemand, Gronier, 2015).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Le_modèle_de_Mahlke_:_un_cadre_d’analyse_global"><span id="Le_mod.C3.A8le_de_Mahlke_:_un_cadre_d.E2.80.99analyse_global"></span>Le modèle de Mahlke&nbsp;: un cadre d’analyse global</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le modèle de Mahlke&nbsp;: un cadre d’analyse global" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Ce modèle propose d’intégrer les différents aspects de l’expérience de l’utilisateur qu’on retrouve éparpillés dans la littérature, en les étayant par des données expérimentales. En effet partant d’une revue de littérature et de résultats de recherches <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empirisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empirisme">empiriques</a> Malke propose un cadre d’analyse plus global qui intègre la plupart des composantes de l’expérience utilisateur que l’on trouve dans les différentes approches<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (Thuring et Mahlke, 2007&nbsp;; Malke, 2008), notamment de deux dimensions caractéristiques&nbsp;: la perception des qualités instrumentales qui correspondent à l’utilité perçue et à la notion d’utilisabilité (dimension1) et la perception des qualités non instrumentales comme l’esthétique, les facteurs motivation réels (dimension2). Cependant le modèle se distingue par une troisième dimension (dimension 3) soulignant le rôle des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89motion?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émotion">émotions</a> en tant que fonction médiatrice entre les caractéristiques perçues d’un système et les conséquences de son usage.</p> <p>Les caractéristiques de l’utilisateur et les paramètres du contexte ont une influence sur les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interactions_homme-machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactions homme-machine">interactions</a> entre les trois dimensions de l’expérience utilisateur évoquées plus haut, ainsi que sur les conséquences de l’expérience de l’utilisateur (jugements et comportements). Les qualités instrumentales et non instrumentales sont perçues par les utilisateurs comme étant indépendantes, bien que les réactions émotionnelles soient influencées par ces deux catégories de facteurs. Bien que cela ne soit pas mentionné de manière explicite, ce modèle intègre également des composantes des approches dites de l’ acceptabilité qui se sont développées, indépendamment des approches de l’utilisabilité, plutôt dans une perspective <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89pist%C3%A9mologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Épistémologie">épistémologique</a> socio-cognitiviste<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (Barcenilla, Bastien 2009)</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Le_modèle_de_Karapanos_:_la_temporalité_comme_quatrième_dimension_de_l’UX"><span id="Le_mod.C3.A8le_de_Karapanos_:_la_temporalit.C3.A9_comme_quatri.C3.A8me_dimension_de_l.E2.80.99UX"></span>Le modèle de Karapanos&nbsp;: la temporalité comme quatrième dimension de l’UX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le modèle de Karapanos&nbsp;: la temporalité comme quatrième dimension de l’UX" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Les modèles ci-dessus ne font pas état de la dimension temporelle de l’activité. Si l’expérience en temps réel vécue par un sujet pendant l’interaction avec un système est généralement considérée comme le cœur de l’UX, <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une profonde relecture (demandé le avril 2021)." style="cursor:help;">il semble important de se préoccuper</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Style_encyclop%C3%A9dique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Style encyclopédique">[style à revoir]</a></sup> des différentes étapes chronologiques du cours d’action dans lequel le sujet est inscrit. Aux trois composantes classiques que sont le système, l’utilisateur et le contexte, Lallemand proposent en 2015 d’inclure la dimension temporelle<sup id="cite_ref-Lallemand_12-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lallemand-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En effet, les attentes et les cognitions d’un utilisateur peuvent être reliées aux étapes antérieures, alors que le comportement final attendu est lié à des étapes ultérieures. La prise en considération des phases temporelles de l’UX a fait l’objet de travaux de recherche notamment via le cadre d’analyse de E. Karapanos, qui propose d’aborder l’expérience utilisateur de la phase d’anticipation (attentes de l’utilisateur) jusqu’à une phase à plus long terme d’attachement émotionnel<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Geoffrey-crofte-experience-utilisateur-globale-temporelle-@2x.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Avant l'utilisation ou la réutilisation, l'utilisateur en a un souvenir ou un a priori fourni par l'aspect social (ses amis) ; pendant, il s'agit de l'utilisation de l'interface ; et après, il s'agit du souvenir que vous conserverez de son utilisation, et le partage que vous en ferez." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Geoffrey-crofte-experience-utilisateur-globale-temporelle-%402x.png/220px-Geoffrey-crofte-experience-utilisateur-globale-temporelle-%402x.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1173"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 129px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Geoffrey-crofte-experience-utilisateur-globale-temporelle-%402x.png/220px-Geoffrey-crofte-experience-utilisateur-globale-temporelle-%402x.png" data-alt="Avant l'utilisation ou la réutilisation, l'utilisateur en a un souvenir ou un a priori fourni par l'aspect social (ses amis) ; pendant, il s'agit de l'utilisation de l'interface ; et après, il s'agit du souvenir que vous conserverez de son utilisation, et le partage que vous en ferez." data-width="220" data-height="129" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Geoffrey-crofte-experience-utilisateur-globale-temporelle-%402x.png/330px-Geoffrey-crofte-experience-utilisateur-globale-temporelle-%402x.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Geoffrey-crofte-experience-utilisateur-globale-temporelle-%402x.png/440px-Geoffrey-crofte-experience-utilisateur-globale-temporelle-%402x.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Une expérience utilisateur globale incluant la temporalité et le souvenir, proposée par Geoffrey Crofte<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Débats"><span id="D.C3.A9bats"></span>Débats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Débats" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>La prise en compte des émotions, autour de laquelle gravite le concept d'expérience utilisateur, ne fait pas l'objet d'un consensus parmi les auteurs. Précurseur de cette approche, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donald_Norman?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donald Norman">Donald Norman</a> défend une «&nbsp;conception émotionnelle&nbsp;» de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utilisabilit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Utilisabilité">utilisabilité</a>, où les traitements d'ordre cognitif et affectif s'influencent mutuellement<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_incompl%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence incomplète">[réf.&nbsp;incomplète]</a></sup>. Son modèle permet de distinguer trois niveaux de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traitement_de_l%27information?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traitement de l'information">traitement de l'information</a> des caractéristiques des produits, soit les niveaux viscéral, comportemental et réflexif.</p> <blockquote> <p>«&nbsp;Le rôle de l'ergonome dans cette perspective serait d'examiner les caractéristiques du produit et les réactions qu'il provoque à ces différents niveaux de traitement, afin de déceler et modifier les aspects qui conduisent à des états affectifs à valence négative, et qui empêchent ou interfèrent avec les traitements cognitifs ou moteurs nécessaires à la réalisation de la tâche<sup id="cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Barcenilla-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&nbsp;»</p> </blockquote> <p>Différents auteurs ont critiqué cette approche. Une première critique souligne l'état de la recherche sur les émotions, de même que la diversité des approches (théoriques et méthodologiques) pour en rendre compte. Une deuxième critique défend l'idée selon laquelle les interactions utilisateur/produit ne peuvent être réduites aux phénomènes affectifs. Cette critique, portée par Palen et Bodker, souligne la nécessité de considérer le rôle du contexte, de l'expérience de l'individu et d'autres qualités des produits (efficience, sécurité, fiabilité) dans l'expérience émotionnelle de l'individu<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Enfin, une troisième critique souligne le caractère éphémère des émotions<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Un autre sujet de dissension veut que l'émotion précède l'usage<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, ou qu'elle suit l'interaction utilisateur/produit<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Un autre débat a émergé à partir de 2015 autour de l'éthique. L'utilisation des méthodes d'analyse de l'expérience utilisateur pour la conception de services numériques a fait craindre, en effet, qu'elles facilitent la manipulation des usagers en captant leur attention à des fins publicitaires. C'est sans doute Tristan Harris, designer UX et ancien employé de Google et fondateur de l'association <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Time_Well_Spent?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Well Spent">Time Well Spent</a>, qui a fait émerger le problème dans l'opinion. Dans un article, largement diffusé en plusieurs langues, il dénonce les méthodes des designers, quand elles visent à tromper l'attention de l'utilisateur<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;:</p> <blockquote> <p>«&nbsp;J’ai appris à penser de cette façon quand j’étais un magicien. Les magiciens débutent par la recherche d’angles morts, des vulnérabilités et des limites de la perception des gens, de sorte qu’ils puissent influencer ce que les gens font sans s’en rendre compte. Une fois que vous savez comment actionner ces leviers de manipulation, vous pouvez jouer avec les gens comme un piano.</p> <p>Et cela est exactement ce que les designers produits font à votre esprit. Ils jouent avec vos vulnérabilités psychologiques (consciemment ou inconsciemment) dans la quête d’attirer votre attention.&nbsp;»</p> </blockquote> <p>Cette préoccupation rejoint la notion beaucoup plus ancienne de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Techniques_de_persuasion?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Techniques de persuasion">technique de persuasion</a>. Appliquée dans les services numériques, elle a été baptisée <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Captologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Captologie">captologie</a> en 1996 par B.J. Fogg<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Stanford?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Université Stanford">université de Standford</a>. En France, le débat est porté notamment par l'association <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://designersethiques.org/">Designers Ethiques</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Critères_et_méthodes_d'analyse_de_l'expérience_utilisateur"><span id="Crit.C3.A8res_et_m.C3.A9thodes_d.27analyse_de_l.27exp.C3.A9rience_utilisateur"></span>Critères et méthodes d'analyse de l'expérience utilisateur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Critères et méthodes d'analyse de l'expérience utilisateur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-modere"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <figure class="mw-halign-center noviewer" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/25px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/25px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/38px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/50px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <b>Cette section <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources</a></b><small>&nbsp;(novembre 2018)</small>.&nbsp; <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> Pour l'améliorer, ajoutez <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Identifier_des_sources_fiables?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Identifier des sources fiables">des références de qualité et vérifiables</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_(%C3%89diteur_visuel)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Insérer une référence (Éditeur visuel)">comment faire&nbsp;?</a>) ou le modèle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modèle:Référence nécessaire">{{Référence nécessaire}}</a> sur les passages nécessitant une source. </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Il est actuellement difficile de s'accorder sur des critères d'analyse qui couvrent l'ensemble des facteurs (des plus subjectifs aux plus objectifs), la satisfaction de l'utilisateur étant autant liée à la promesse d'attractivité du service qu'à son accessibilité, son ergonomie, sa cohérence, sa réelle utilité, son environnement concurrentiel et son contexte d'utilisation. Néanmoins, il existe un grand nombre de manuels et de ressources en ligne sur les méthodes utilisées par les designers UX. Ainsi Carine Lallemand et Guillaume Gronier regroupent dans leur livre<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> les méthodes en cinq phases successives&nbsp;:</p> <ol> <li>Planification (définition du projet, recrutement des utilisateurs, déontologie…)&nbsp;;</li> <li>Exploration (entretiens, focus groups, observation, questionnaires exploratoires, sonde culturelle…)&nbsp;;</li> <li>Idéation (brainstorming, cartes d'idéation, design studio, experience map, personas…)&nbsp;;</li> <li>Génération (design persuasif, gamification, iconographie, maquettage, story boarding, tris de cartes…)&nbsp;;</li> <li>Évaluation (complétion de phrases, courbes d'évaluation, échelles d'utilisabilité, échelles UX, évaluation des émotions, évaluation experte, inspection cognitive, journal de bord, tests…).</li> </ol> <p>La recherche en Design UX repose sur le principe que pour délivrer une expérience utilisateur réussie, il ne faut pas présupposer connaître son utilisateur, mais réellement chercher et découvrir ses besoins au travers de méthodes scientifiques. Dans le cadre du Design UX, cette phase de recherche se découpe en plusieurs étapes&nbsp;:</p> <ol> <li>La recherche secondaire&nbsp;: elle repose sur les données déjà existantes (exemples&nbsp;: analyse comparatives, études préexistantes)&nbsp;;</li> <li>La recherche primaire&nbsp;: elle regroupe certaines pratiques comme l'entrevue en face à face avec l'utilisateur ou le <i>shadowing</i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (un anglicisme représentant une méthode d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Observation?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Observation">observation</a> sur le terrain), qui permettent d'acquérir une connaissance de l'expérience utilisateur dans le cadre spécifique d'un projet<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Concepts_voisins">Concepts voisins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Concepts voisins" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interface_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interface utilisateur">interface utilisateur</a> est un concept voisin mais différent de l'expérience utilisateur. En effet, l'interface utilisateur est pour l'utilisateur le moyen d'interagir avec un produit informatique, alors que l'expérience utilisateur est le résultat de cette interaction. Une analogie illustrant cette différence est celle de la cuillère (interface) et du bol de céréales (produit), l'expérience utilisateur étant ce que l'utilisateur éprouve lorsqu'il mange les céréales avec la cuillère<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/resultats-de-recherche?tx_solr%255Bfilter%255D%255B1%255D%3Dtype_stringM%253Agdt%26tx_solr%255Bfilter%255D%255B2%255D%3Dterme%253A1%26tx_solr%255Bq%255D%3Dexp%25C3%25A9rience%2Butilisateur"><cite style="font-style:normal;">expérience utilisateur</cite></a>&nbsp;», <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grand_Dictionnaire_terminologique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grand Dictionnaire terminologique">Grand Dictionnaire terminologique</a></i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Office_qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Office québécois de la langue française">Office québécois de la langue française</a></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Le X figure la prononciation anglaise de la première syllabe de <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">experience</span></i>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Barcenilla-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-4">e</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-5">f</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Barcenilla_3-6">g</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="BarcenillaBastien2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="J._BarcenillaJ.M.C._Bastien2009">J. Barcenilla et J.M.C. Bastien, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">L'acceptabilité des nouvelles technologies&nbsp;: quelles relations avec l'ergonomie, l'utilisabilité et l'expérience utilisateur&nbsp;?</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Le travail humain</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;72,‎ <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">311-331</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=L%27acceptabilit%C3%A9+des+nouvelles+technologies+%3A+quelles+relations+avec+l%27ergonomie%2C+l%27utilisabilit%C3%A9+et+l%27exp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur+%3F&amp;rft.jtitle=Le+travail+humain&amp;rft.aulast=Barcenilla&amp;rft.aufirst=J.&amp;rft.au=J.M.C.+Bastien&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.volume=72&amp;rft.pages=311-331&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="NormanDraper1986"><span class="ouvrage" id="D.A._NormanS._Draper1986"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> D.A. Norman et S. Draper (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), <cite class="italique" lang="en">User Centered System design&nbsp;: New perspectives on Human-computer Interaction</cite>, Hillsdale, Lawrence Earlbaum Association, <time>1986</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=User+Centered+System+design+%3A+New+perspectives+on+Human-computer+Interaction&amp;rft.place=Hillsdale&amp;rft.pub=Lawrence+Earlbaum+Association&amp;rft.aulast=Norman&amp;rft.aufirst=D.A.&amp;rft.au=S.+Draper&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="KaratBennett1991"><span class="ouvrage" id="J._KaratJ.L._Bennett1991"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> J. Karat et J.L. Bennett, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Designing Interaction</cite>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, <time>1991</time><span class="lang-en" lang="en">, «&nbsp;Working within the design process: Supporting effective and efficient design&nbsp;»</span>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">269-285</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Designing+Interaction&amp;rft.atitle=Working+within+the+design+process%3A+Supporting+effective+and+efficient+design&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Karat&amp;rft.aufirst=J.&amp;rft.au=J.L.+Bennett&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.pages=269-285&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="SalaünHabert2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Michel_SalaünBenoît_Habert2015">Jean-Michel Salaün et Benoît Habert, <cite class="italique">Architecture de l'information&nbsp;: méthodes, outils, enjeux</cite>, Louvain-la-Neuve/Paris, De Boeck, <time>2015</time>, 205&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8041-9140-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8041-9140-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8041-9140-5</span></a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2804191400?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2804191400"><span class="nowrap">2804191400</span></a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/910530453">910530453</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Architecture+de+l%27information&amp;rft.place=Louvain-la-Neuve%2FParis&amp;rft.pub=De+Boeck&amp;rft.stitle=m%C3%A9thodes%2C+outils%2C+enjeux&amp;rft.aulast=Sala%C3%BCn&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Michel&amp;rft.au=Beno%C3%AEt+Habert&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.tpages=205&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-8041-9140-5&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F910530453&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alben1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lauralee_Alben1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Lauralee <span class="nom_auteur">Alben</span>, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Quality of experience: defining the criteria for effective interaction design</cite>&nbsp;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">interactions</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;3, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;3,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1996-05-01" data-sort-value="1996-05-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mai 1996</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">11–15</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1072-5520">1072-5520</a></span>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/235008.235010">10.1145/235008.235010</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/235008.235010">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-01-05" data-sort-value="2019-01-05">5 janvier 2019</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Quality+of+experience%3A+defining+the+criteria+for+effective+interaction+design&amp;rft.jtitle=interactions&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.aulast=Alben&amp;rft.aufirst=Lauralee&amp;rft.date=1996-05-01&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rft.pages=11%E2%80%9315&amp;rft.issn=1072-5520&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F235008.235010&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> L. Archippainen et M. Tähti, «&nbsp;Empirical evaluation of user experience in two adaptative mobile application prototypes&nbsp;», <i>Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia</i> (MUM), Norrköping, Sweden, 2003.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_9-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_9-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="HassenzahlTractinsky2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="M._HassenzahlN._Tractinsky2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> M. Hassenzahl et N. Tractinsky, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">User experience - a research agenda</cite>&nbsp;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Behavior &amp; Information Technology</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;25,‎ <time>2006</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">91-97</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=User+experience+-+a+research+agenda&amp;rft.jtitle=Behavior+%26+Information+Technology&amp;rft.aulast=Hassenzahl&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft.au=N.+Tractinsky&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.volume=25&amp;rft.pages=91-97&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mahlke2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="S._Mahlke2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> S. Mahlke, <cite class="italique" lang="en">User experience of interaction with technical system</cite>, Saarbrücken, VDM, <time>2008</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=User+experience+of+interaction+with+technical+system&amp;rft.place=Saarbr%C3%BCcken&amp;rft.pub=VDM&amp;rft.aulast=Mahlke&amp;rft.aufirst=S.&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="NemeryBrangierKopp2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alexandra_NemeryEric_BrangierSteve_Kopp2010">Alexandra <span class="nom_auteur">Nemery</span>, Eric <span class="nom_auteur">Brangier</span> et Steve <span class="nom_auteur">Kopp</span>, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Proposition d'une grille de critères d'analyse ergonomiques des formes de persuasion interactive</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Conférence internationale francophone sur l'interaction homme-machine (IHM '10)</i>, ACM Press,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-09" data-sort-value="2010-09">septembre 2010</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">153-156</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9781450304108?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9781450304108"><span class="nowrap">9781450304108</span></a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1941007.1941034">10.1145/1941007.1941034</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1941007.1941034">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-01-07" data-sort-value="2019-01-07">7 janvier 2019</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Proposition+d%27une+grille+de+crit%C3%A8res+d%27analyse+ergonomiques+des+formes+de+persuasion+interactive&amp;rft.jtitle=Conf%C3%A9rence+internationale+francophone+sur+l%27interaction+homme-machine+%28IHM+%2710%29&amp;rft.aulast=Nemery&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexandra&amp;rft.au=Brangier%2C+Eric&amp;rft.au=Kopp%2C+Steve&amp;rft.date=2010-09&amp;rft.pages=153-156&amp;rft.isbn=9781450304108&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1941007.1941034&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Lallemand-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lallemand_12-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lallemand_12-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="al2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lallemand_&amp;_al2015">Lallemand &amp; al, <cite class="italique">Méthodes de design UX: 30 méthodes fondamentales pour concevoir et évaluer les systèmes interactifs</cite>, FR, Éditions Eyrolles, <time>2015</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=M%C3%A9thodes+de+design+UX%3A+30+m%C3%A9thodes+fondamentales+pour+concevoir+et+%C3%A9valuer+les+syst%C3%A8mes+interactifs&amp;rft.place=FR&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Eyrolles&amp;rft.aulast=al&amp;rft.aufirst=Lallemand+%26&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="M.,_&amp;_Mahlke,_S.2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Thüring,_M.,_&amp;_Mahlke,_S.2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Thüring, M., &amp; Mahlke, S., «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Usability, aesthetics and emotions in human–technology interaction</cite>&nbsp;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">International Journal of Psychology</span></i>,‎ <time>2007</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;42(4), 253-264.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Usability%2C+aesthetics+and+emotions+in+human%E2%80%93technology+interaction&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Psychology&amp;rft.au=Th%C3%BCring%2C+M.%2C+%26+Mahlke%2C+S.&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.pages=42%284%29%2C+253-264.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="J.,_&amp;_Bastien,_J.M2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Barcenilla,_J.,_&amp;_Bastien,_J.M2009">Barcenilla, J., &amp; Bastien, J.M, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">L'acceptabilité des nouvelles technologies&nbsp;: quelles relations avec l'ergonomie, l'utilisabilité et l'expérience utilisateur&nbsp;?</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Le Travail Humain</i>,‎ <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;72 (4), 311-331.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=L%27acceptabilit%C3%A9+des+nouvelles+technologies+%3A+quelles+relations+avec+l%27ergonomie%2C+l%27utilisabilit%C3%A9+et+l%27exp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur+%3F&amp;rft.jtitle=Le+Travail+Humain&amp;rft.au=Barcenilla%2C+J.%2C+%26+Bastien%2C+J.M&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.pages=72+%284%29%2C+311-331.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="E.J.J.B.2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Karapanos,_E.Zimmerman,_J.Forlizzi,_J.Martens,_J._B.2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Karapanos, E., Zimmerman, J., Forlizzi, J. et Martens, J. B., «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">User experience over time: an initial framework</cite>&nbsp;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems</span></i>,‎ <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">729-738</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id%3D1518814">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=User+experience+over+time%3A+an+initial+framework&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+SIGCHI+conference+on+human+factors+in+computing+systems&amp;rft.aulast=E.&amp;rft.aufirst=Karapanos%2C&amp;rft.au=Zimmerman%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Forlizzi%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Martens%2C+J.+B.&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.pages=729-738&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kuntzmann2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Quentin_Kuntzmann2021"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Quentin <span class="nom_auteur">Kuntzmann</span>, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://medium.com/design-ux-francophone/place-psychologie-design-ux-beeb62351cb0"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">La place de la Psychologie dans le Design UX</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">Medium</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-02-26" data-sort-value="2021-02-26">26 février 2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-04-01" data-sort-value="2021-04-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> avril 2021</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-:2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_17-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_17-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Norman2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Donald_Norman2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donald_Norman?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donald Norman">Donald Norman</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Emotional Design</cite>, New York, Basic Books, <time>2004</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Emotional+Design&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Basic+Books&amp;rft.aulast=Norman&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="PalenBodker2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="L._PalenS._Bodker2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> L. Palen et S. Bodker, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Affect and Emotion in human-computer interaction</cite>, Heidelberg, Springer Verlag, <time>2008</time><span class="lang-en" lang="en">, «&nbsp;Don't get emotional&nbsp;»</span>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">12-22</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Affect+and+Emotion+in+human-computer+interaction&amp;rft.atitle=Don%27t+get+emotional&amp;rft.place=Heidelberg&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Verlag&amp;rft.aulast=Palen&amp;rft.aufirst=L.&amp;rft.au=S.+Bodker&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.pages=12-22&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hassenzahl2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="M._Hassenzahl2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> M. Hassenzahl, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Emotions can be quite ephemeral: We can not design for then</cite>&nbsp;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Interactions</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;11, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;5,‎ <time>2004</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">46-48</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Emotions+can+be+quite+ephemeral%3A+We+can+not+design+for+then&amp;rft.jtitle=Interactions&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.aulast=Hassenzahl&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.pages=46-48&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Desmet, P.M.A., Hekkert, P. et M.G. Hillen. 2004. «&nbsp;Values and emotion&nbsp;». Proceedings of the Fifth European Academy of Design Conference. Barcelona, Spain.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Karapinar2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Onur_Karapinar2016">Onur <span class="nom_auteur">Karapinar</span>, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://medium.com/france/comment-la-technologie-pirate-lesprit-des-gens-e8bd041adb4c"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Comment la technologie pirate l’esprit des gens</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">Medium France</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-06-16" data-sort-value="2016-06-16">16 juin 2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-01-10" data-sort-value="2019-01-10">10 janvier 2019</time>)</small></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="J.2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fogg,_B._J.2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Fogg, B. <span class="nom_auteur">J.</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Persuasive Technology&nbsp;: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do</cite>, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, <time>2003</time>, 312&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-08-047994-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-08-047994-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-08-047994-1</span></a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0080479944?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0080479944"><span class="nowrap">0080479944</span></a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9781281049278?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9781281049278"><span class="nowrap">9781281049278</span></a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/154232343">154232343</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Persuasive+Technology&amp;rft.pub=Morgan+Kaufmann+Publishers&amp;rft.stitle=Using+Computers+to+Change+What+We+Think+and+Do&amp;rft.aulast=J.&amp;rft.aufirst=Fogg%2C+B.&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.tpages=312&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-08-047994-1&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F154232343&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lallemand"><span class="ouvrage" id="Carine_Lallemand">Carine <span class="nom_auteur">Lallemand</span>, <cite class="italique">Méthodes de design UX&nbsp;: 30 méthodes fondamentales pour concevoir des expériences optimales</cite> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-212-73397-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-212-73397-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-212-73397-6</span></a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2212733976?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2212733976"><span class="nowrap">2212733976</span></a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/1059124909">1059124909</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=M%C3%A9thodes+de+design+UX+%3A+30+m%C3%A9thodes+fondamentales+pour+concevoir+des+exp%C3%A9riences+optimales&amp;rft.aulast=Lallemand&amp;rft.aufirst=Carine&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-212-73397-6&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1059124909&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Design_Foundation"><span class="ouvrage" id="Interaction_Design_Foundation"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Interaction Design Foundation, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/shadowing-in-user-research-do-you-see-what-they-see"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Shadowing in User Research - Do You See What They See?</cite></a>&nbsp;»</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2016">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.mobizel.com/ux-design-quest-ce-cest/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">UX Design&nbsp;: qu'est-ce que c'est&nbsp;?</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">mobizel.com</span>, <i>Guide technique</i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-10-04" data-sort-value="2016-10-04">4 octobre 2016</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-02-02" data-sort-value="2019-02-02">2 février 2019</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Platt,_David_S.,2016"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">Platt, David S.,</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Joy of UX&nbsp;: User Experience and Interactive Design for Developers</cite>, <time>2016</time>, 240&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-13-427780-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-13-427780-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-13-427780-6</span></a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0134277805?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0134277805"><span class="nowrap">0134277805</span></a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/949043596">949043596</a></span>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;3<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Joy+of+UX&amp;rft.stitle=User+Experience+and+Interactive+Design+for+Developers&amp;rft.aulast=Platt%2C+David+S.%2C&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft.tpages=240&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-13-427780-6&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F949043596&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div style="column-width:18em;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temps_de_cerveau_disponible?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Temps de cerveau disponible">Temps de cerveau disponible</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Attention?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Attention">Attention</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Engagement_(psychologie_sociale)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Engagement (psychologie sociale)">Engagement (psychologie sociale)</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interaction_humain-machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Interaction humain-machine">Interaction humain-machine</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interface_utilisateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interface utilisateur">Interface utilisateur</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Accessibilit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Accessibilité">Accessibilité</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ergonomie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ergonomie">Ergonomie</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confort">Confort</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utilisabilit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Utilisabilité">Utilisabilité</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satisfaction?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satisfaction">Satisfaction</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Immersion_(r%C3%A9alit%C3%A9_virtuelle)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Immersion (réalité virtuelle)">immersion</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Personnalisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Personnalisation">Personnalisation</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Navigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Navigation">Navigation</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>D.A. Norman et S. Draper (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), <i>User System Centered design&nbsp;: New perpectives on Human-computer Interactions</i>, Hillsdale, Lawrence Earlbaum Association, 1986.</li> <li>Donald Norman, <i>Emotional Design</i>, New York, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basic_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>, 2004</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Steve_Krug?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Steve Krug">Steve Krug</a>. <i>Don’t make me think! a common sense approach to Web usability</i>. 2nd ed. Berkeley, Calif: New Riders Pub, 2006.</li> <li>Lallemand &amp; al, <i>Méthodes de Design UX&nbsp;: 30 méthodes fondamentales pour concevoir et évaluer les systèmes interactifs</i>, FR, Éditions Eyrolles., 2015</li> <li>Platt, David S.,<i>The Joy of UX&nbsp;: User Experience and Interactive Design for Developers</i>, 2016, 240&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Danthon_Lefebvre2019"><span class="ouvrage" id="Liv_Danthon_Lefebvre2019">Liv Danthon Lefebvre, <cite class="italique">33 bonnes pratiques en UX design&nbsp;: les fondamentaux de la psychologie numérique</cite>, Paris, Éditions Eyrolles, <time>2019</time>, XIV-159&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-212-67846-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-212-67846-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-212-67846-8</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=33+bonnes+pratiques+en+UX+design&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Eyrolles&amp;rft.stitle=les+fondamentaux+de+la+psychologie+num%C3%A9rique&amp;rft.au=Liv+Danthon+Lefebvre&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.tpages=XIV-159&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-212-67846-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Nogier2020"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-François_Nogier2020">Jean-François Nogier, <cite class="italique">UX design &amp; ergonomie des interfaces</cite>, Malakoff, Dunod, <time>2020</time>, XVI-350&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-100-80696-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-100-80696-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-100-80696-6</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=UX+design+%26+ergonomie+des+interfaces&amp;rft.place=Malakoff&amp;rft.pub=Dunod&amp;rft.aulast=Nogier&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft.tpages=XVI-350&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-100-80696-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Yifrah2020"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kinneret_Yifrah2020">Kinneret Yifrah, <cite class="italique">UX writing&nbsp;: le guide de la microcopie</cite>, Malakoff, Dunod, <time>2020</time>, 252&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-10-080685-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-10-080685-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-10-080685-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=UX+writing&amp;rft.place=Malakoff&amp;rft.pub=Dunod&amp;rft.stitle=le+guide+de+la+microcopie&amp;rft.aulast=Yifrah&amp;rft.aufirst=Kinneret&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft.tpages=252&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-10-080685-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Hodent2022"><span class="ouvrage" id="Célia_Hodent2022">Célia Hodent, <cite class="italique">L'UX c'est quoi exactement?&nbsp;: une approche bienveillante pour des expériences optimales</cite>, Malakoff, Dunod, <time>2022</time>, 127&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-10-083888-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-10-083888-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-10-083888-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=L%27UX+c%27est+quoi+exactement%3F&amp;rft.place=Malakoff&amp;rft.pub=Dunod&amp;rft.stitle=une+approche+bienveillante+pour+des+exp%C3%A9riences+optimales&amp;rft.aulast=Hodent&amp;rft.aufirst=C%C3%A9lia&amp;rft.date=2022&amp;rft.tpages=127&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-10-083888-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExp%C3%A9rience+utilisateur"></span></span></span>.</li> </ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Design?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du design"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Moving_Stool_by_Gabriele_Pezzini.jpg/21px-Moving_Stool_by_Gabriele_Pezzini.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="289"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Moving_Stool_by_Gabriele_Pezzini.jpg/21px-Moving_Stool_by_Gabriele_Pezzini.jpg" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="21" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Moving_Stool_by_Gabriele_Pezzini.jpg/31px-Moving_Stool_by_Gabriele_Pezzini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Moving_Stool_by_Gabriele_Pezzini.jpg/41px-Moving_Stool_by_Gabriele_Pezzini.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Design?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Design">Portail du design</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Informatique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de l’informatique"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Circle-icons-computer.svg/24px-Circle-icons-computer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Circle-icons-computer.svg/24px-Circle-icons-computer.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="24" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Circle-icons-computer.svg/36px-Circle-icons-computer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Circle-icons-computer.svg/48px-Circle-icons-computer.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Informatique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Informatique">Portail de l’informatique</a></span> </span></li> </ul><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐565d46677b‐khlwf Cached time: 20241128131812 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.317 seconds Real time usage: 0.450 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2621/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 77439/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6187/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 36504/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.128/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AF%25D9%2585" title="تجربة المستخدم&nbsp;–&nbsp;arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تجربة المستخدم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Experience" title="User Experience&nbsp;–&nbsp;bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="User Experience" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D1%258F%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5" title="Потребителско изживяване&nbsp;–&nbsp;bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Потребителско изживяване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experi%25C3%25A8ncia_d%2527usuari" title="Experiència d'usuari&nbsp;–&nbsp;catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Experiència d'usuari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugeroplevelse" title="Brugeroplevelse&nbsp;–&nbsp;danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brugeroplevelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Experience" title="User Experience&nbsp;–&nbsp;allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="User Experience" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_experience" title="User experience&nbsp;–&nbsp;anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="User experience" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiencia_de_usuario" title="Experiencia de usuario&nbsp;–&nbsp;espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Experiencia de usuario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasutajakogemus" title="Kasutajakogemus&nbsp;–&nbsp;estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kasutajakogemus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587_%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="تجربه کاربری&nbsp;–&nbsp;persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تجربه کاربری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25A4ytt%25C3%25A4j%25C3%25A4kokemus" title="Käyttäjäkokemus&nbsp;–&nbsp;finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Käyttäjäkokemus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2597%25D7%2595%25D7%2595%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA_%25D7%259E%25D7%25A9%25D7%25AA%25D7%259E%25D7%25A9" title="חוויית משתמש&nbsp;–&nbsp;hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוויית משתמש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korisni%25C4%258Dko_iskustvo" title="Korisničko iskustvo&nbsp;–&nbsp;croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Korisničko iskustvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengalaman_pengguna" title="Pengalaman pengguna&nbsp;–&nbsp;indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengalaman pengguna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_experience" title="User experience&nbsp;–&nbsp;italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="User experience" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%25A6%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2582%25B6%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2582%25A8%25E3%2582%25AF%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2583%259A%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2582%25A8%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B9" title="ユーザーエクスペリエンス&nbsp;–&nbsp;japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユーザーエクスペリエンス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2582%25AC%25EC%259A%25A9%25EC%259E%2590_%25EA%25B2%25BD%25ED%2597%2598" title="사용자 경험&nbsp;–&nbsp;coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사용자 경험" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Корисничко искуство&nbsp;–&nbsp;macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Корисничко искуство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebruikerservaring" title="Gebruikerservaring&nbsp;–&nbsp;néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gebruikerservaring" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brukeropplevelse" title="Brukeropplevelse&nbsp;–&nbsp;norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brukeropplevelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_experience" title="User experience&nbsp;–&nbsp;polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="User experience" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experi%25C3%25AAncia_do_usu%25C3%25A1rio" title="Experiência do usuário&nbsp;–&nbsp;portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Experiência do usuário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259E%25D0%25BF%25D1%258B%25D1%2582_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Опыт взаимодействия&nbsp;–&nbsp;russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Опыт взаимодействия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_experience" title="User experience&nbsp;–&nbsp;Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="User experience" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Корисничко искуство&nbsp;–&nbsp;serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Корисничко искуство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2593%25E0%25B9%258C%25E0%25B8%259C%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B9%2583%25E0%25B8%258A%25E0%25B9%2589" title="ประสบการณ์ผู้ใช้&nbsp;–&nbsp;thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประสบการณ์ผู้ใช้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullan%25C4%25B1c%25C4%25B1_deneyimi" title="Kullanıcı deneyimi&nbsp;–&nbsp;turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kullanıcı deneyimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596%25D0%25B4_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D1%258F" title="Досвід користування&nbsp;–&nbsp;ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Досвід користування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%25E1%25BA%25A3i_nghi%25E1%25BB%2587m_ng%25C6%25B0%25E1%25BB%259Di_d%25C3%25B9ng" title="Trải nghiệm người dùng&nbsp;–&nbsp;vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trải nghiệm người dùng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BD%25BF%25E7%2594%25A8%25E8%2580%2585%25E7%25B6%2593%25E9%25A9%2597" title="使用者經驗&nbsp;–&nbsp;chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="使用者經驗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%2594%25A8%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E9%25AB%2594%25E9%25A9%2597" title="用家體驗&nbsp;–&nbsp;cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="用家體驗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 21 octobre 2024 à 13:36.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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