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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The Beatles and Hamburg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Beatles_and_Hamburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astrid_Kirchherr" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astrid_Kirchherr"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Astrid Kirchherr</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astrid_Kirchherr-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posthumous_music_releases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posthumous_music_releases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Posthumous music releases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posthumous_music_releases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film,_television,_and_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film,_television,_and_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Film, television, and books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film,_television,_and_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stuart Sutcliffe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81" title="ستيوارت سوتكليف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ستيوارت سوتكليف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81" title="استوارت ساتکلیف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="استوارت ساتکلیف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%86%D1%8E%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84" title="Сцюарт Саткліф – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сцюарт Саткліф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Стюарт Сътклиф – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стюарт Сътклиф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81" title="استوارت ساتکلیف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استوارت ساتکلیف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%9C%EC%96%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%84%AF%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%AC%ED%94%84" title="스튜어트 섯클리프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스튜어트 섯클리프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%A9%D6%84%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%86" title="Ստյուարտ Սաթքլիֆ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստյուարտ Սաթքլիֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A3" title="סטיוארט סאטקליף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטיוארט סאטקליף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="სტიუარტ სატკლიფი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტიუარტ სატკლიფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stjuarts_Satklifs" title="Stjuarts Satklifs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stjuarts Satklifs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81" title="ستيوارت سوتكليف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ستيوارت سوتكليف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%88%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95" title="スチュアート・サトクリフ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スチュアート・サトクリフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84,_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Сатклифф, Стюарт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сатклифф, Стюарт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Стјуарт Сатклиф – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стјуарт Сатклиф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Stuart Sutcliffe" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British painter and musician (1940–1962)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Stuart Sutcliffe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Stuart_stucliffe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d2/Stuart_stucliffe.jpg/220px-Stuart_stucliffe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d2/Stuart_stucliffe.jpg/330px-Stuart_stucliffe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Stuart_stucliffe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="257" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Sutcliffe in 1961</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Stuart Fergusson Victor Sutcliffe</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1940-06-23</span>)</span>23 June 1940<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 April 1962<span style="display:none">(1962-04-10)</span> (aged 21)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, West Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Painter</li> <li>musician</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1957–1961</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Astrid_Kirchherr" title="Astrid Kirchherr">Astrid Kirchherr</a> (engaged 1960)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Musical career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Bass</li> <li>vocals</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Quarrymen" title="The Quarrymen">The Quarrymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Stuart Fergusson Victor Sutcliffe</b> (23 June 1940 – 10 April 1962) was a Scottish painter and musician best known as the original <a href="/wiki/Bass_guitarist" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass guitarist">bass guitarist</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>. Sutcliffe left the band to pursue his career as a painter, having previously attended the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_College_of_Art" title="Liverpool College of Art">Liverpool College of Art</a>. Sutcliffe and <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> are credited with inventing the name "Beetles" (sic), as they both liked <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a>'s band, <a href="/wiki/The_Crickets" title="The Crickets">the Crickets</a>. They also had a fascination with group names with double meanings (as Crickets, for example, the word referring to both an insect and a sport), so Lennon then came up with "The Beatles", from the word <i><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">beat</a></i> (though Lennon's original spelling was "Beatals"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005175_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005175-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). As a member of the group when it was a five-piece band, Sutcliffe is one of several who are sometimes referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Fifth_Beatle" title="Fifth Beatle">Fifth Beatle</a>". </p><p>When he performed with <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_Hamburg" title="The Beatles in Hamburg">the Beatles in Hamburg</a>, he met photographer <a href="/wiki/Astrid_Kirchherr" title="Astrid Kirchherr">Astrid Kirchherr</a>, to whom he was later engaged. After leaving the Beatles, he enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_bildende_K%C3%BCnste_Hamburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg">Hamburg College of Art</a>, studying under future <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">pop artist</a> <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Paolozzi" title="Eduardo Paolozzi">Eduardo Paolozzi</a>, who later wrote a report stating that Sutcliffe was one of his best students.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sutcliffe earned other praise for his paintings, which mostly explored a style related to <a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">abstract expressionism</a>. </p><p>While studying in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, Sutcliffe began suffering from intense headaches and experiencing acute light sensitivity. In February 1962, he collapsed in the middle of an art class after complaining of head pains. German doctors performed tests, but were unable to determine a cause. After collapsing again on 10 April 1962, Sutcliffe was taken to a hospital, but died in the ambulance on the way. The cause of death was later found to have been a <a href="/wiki/Brain_haemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain haemorrhage">brain haemorrhage</a> — severe bleeding in the right ventricle of his brain. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sutcliffe was the eldest child of Martha, known as Millie (1907–1983), a teacher at an infants' school<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorman200562_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorman200562-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Charles Sutcliffe (25 May 1905 – 18 March 1966), a senior civil servant. Charles had moved to <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> in 1943 to help with wartime work and subsequently signed on as a ship's engineer, so he was often at sea during his son's early years. </p><p>Sutcliffe had two younger sisters, Pauline and Joyce; three older half-brothers, Joe, Ian, and Charles; and an older half-sister, Mattie, from his father's first marriage to a woman also named Martha.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKane200752_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKane200752-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutcliffeTufnellCornish199830_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESutcliffeTufnellCornish199830-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutcliffe was born at the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Royal_Maternity_Hospital_and_Simpson_Memorial_Maternity_Pavilion" title="Edinburgh Royal Maternity Hospital and Simpson Memorial Maternity Pavilion">Edinburgh Royal Maternity Hospital and Simpson Memorial Maternity Pavilion</a> in Edinburgh, Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his family moved to England,<sup id="cite_ref-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was brought up at 37 <a href="/wiki/Aigburth" title="Aigburth">Aigburth</a> Drive in Liverpool.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawlowski198988_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawlowski198988-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended Park View Primary School, <a href="/wiki/Huyton" title="Huyton">Huyton</a> (1946–1951), and <a href="/wiki/Prescot_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Prescot School">Prescot Grammar School</a> from 4 September 1951 to 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Sutcliffe's father returned home on leave, he invited his son and art college classmate Rod Murray (also Sutcliffe's housemate and best friend), for a "real good <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">booze-up</a>", slipping £10 into Sutcliffe's pocket before disappearing for another six months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005105_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005105-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his first year at the Liverpool College of Art, Sutcliffe worked as a <a href="/wiki/Bin_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Bin man">bin man</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Corporation">Liverpool Corporation</a>'s waste collection trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutcliffe's_cheque_book_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutcliffe's_cheque_book-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lennon was introduced to Sutcliffe by mutual friend <a href="/wiki/Bill_Harry" title="Bill Harry">Bill Harry</a> when all three were students at the College of Art. According to Lennon, Sutcliffe had a "marvellous art portfolio" and was a very talented painter who was one of the "stars" of the school.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005105_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005105-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005107_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005107-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He helped Lennon improve his artistic skills, and with others, worked with him when Lennon had to submit work for exams.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutcliffeTufnellCornish199831_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESutcliffeTufnellCornish199831-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutcliffe shared a flat with Murray at 9 Percy Street, Liverpool, before being evicted. He moved to Hillary Mansions at 3 Gambier Terrace, home of art student <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chapman" title="Margaret Chapman">Margaret Chapman</a>, who vied with Sutcliffe to be the best painter in class.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flat was opposite the new <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Cathedral">Anglican cathedral</a> in the rundown area of Liverpool 8, with bare lightbulbs and a mattress on the floor in the corner. Lennon moved in with Sutcliffe in early 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199750_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199750-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200563_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon200563-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> later admitted he was jealous of Sutcliffe's relationship with Lennon, as he had to take a "back seat" to Sutcliffe.)<sup id="cite_ref-TheBeatlesAnthologyDVD_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheBeatlesAnthologyDVD-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutcliffe and his flatmates painted the rooms yellow and black, which their landlady did not appreciate.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After talking to Sutcliffe one night at <a href="/wiki/The_Casbah_Coffee_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="The Casbah Coffee Club">the Casbah Coffee Club</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/Pete_Best" title="Pete Best">Pete Best</a>'s mother, <a href="/wiki/Mona_Best" title="Mona Best">Mona Best</a>), Lennon and McCartney persuaded him to buy a <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fner_500/5" title="Höfner 500/5">Höfner 500/5</a> model bass guitar on hire-purchase from Frank Hessey's Music Shop.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutcliffe's_cheque_book_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutcliffe's_cheque_book-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sutcliffe's prior music experience consisted of piano lessons, which his mother had insisted on since he was nine; singing in the Huyton church choir, playing <a href="/wiki/Bugle_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bugle (instrument)">bugle</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Air_Training_Corps" title="Air Training Corps">Air Training Corps</a>, and playing guitar using chords his father had taught him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005173_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005173-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1960, Sutcliffe joined Lennon, McCartney, and <a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a> (then known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Silver_Beatles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Silver Beatles">the Silver Beatles</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeman1995212_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman1995212-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200566_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon200566-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he had previously played <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_guitar" title="Acoustic guitar">acoustic guitar</a>, Sutcliffe's fingers would often blister during long rehearsals, as he had never practised long enough for his fingers to become <a href="/wiki/Callus" title="Callus">calloused</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200564_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon200564-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He started acting as a <a href="/wiki/Booking_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Booking agent">booking agent</a> for the group, and they often used his Gambier Terrace flat as a rehearsal room.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199750_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199750-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1960, the Sunday newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_People" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday People">The People</a></i> ran an article titled "The Beatnik Horror" with a photograph taken in the flat below Sutcliffe's of a teenaged Lennon lying on the floor, with Sutcliffe standing by a window.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyan198243_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan198243-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As they had often visited the Jacaranda club,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyan198253_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan198253-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its owner, <a href="/wiki/Allan_Williams" title="Allan Williams">Allan Williams</a>, had arranged for the photo to be taken, subsequently taking over from Sutcliffe to book concerts for the group: Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Sutcliffe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199753_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199753-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Beatles' subsequent name change came during an afternoon in the Renshaw Hall bar when Sutcliffe, Lennon, and Lennon's girlfriend, <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Lennon" title="Cynthia Lennon">Cynthia Powell</a>, thought up names similar to Holly's band, the Crickets, and came up with Beetles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005175_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005175-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Beatles_and_Hamburg">The Beatles and Hamburg</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Beatles and Hamburg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sutcliffe's playing style was elementary, mostly sticking to <a href="/wiki/Root_(chord)" title="Root (chord)">root notes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chord_(music)" title="Chord (music)">chords</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005184–185_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005184–185-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harry—an art school friend and founder and editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Mersey_Beat" title="Mersey Beat">Mersey Beat</a></i> newspaper—complained to Sutcliffe that he should be concentrating on art and not music, as he thought that Sutcliffe was a competent musician whose talents would be better used in the visual arts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005173–174_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005173–174-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Sutcliffe is often described in Beatles biographies as appearing uncomfortable onstage and occasionally playing with his back to the audience, Pete Best, their drummer at the time, denies this. Best recalled Sutcliffe was usually good-natured and "animated" before an audience.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Beatles auditioned for <a href="/wiki/Larry_Parnes" title="Larry Parnes">Larry Parnes</a> at the Wyvern Club in Liverpool, Williams later claimed Parnes would have hired the group as the backing band for <a href="/wiki/Billy_Fury" title="Billy Fury">Billy Fury</a> for £10 per week (equivalent to £291 in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), but as Sutcliffe turned his back to Parnes throughout the audition (because, as Williams believed, Sutcliffe could not play very well), Parnes said he would hire them only if they got rid of Sutcliffe. Parnes later denied this, stating his only concern was that the group had no permanent drummer.<sup id="cite_ref-HarryBeatleFolks_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarryBeatleFolks-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Voormann" title="Klaus Voormann">Klaus Voormann</a> regarded Sutcliffe as a good bass player,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Beatles' historian <a href="/wiki/Richie_Unterberger" title="Richie Unterberger">Richie Unterberger</a> described Sutcliffe's bass playing as an "artless thump".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger20067_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger20067-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutcliffe's profile grew after he began wearing <a href="/wiki/Ray-Ban_Wayfarer" title="Ray-Ban Wayfarer">Ray-Ban</a> sunglasses and tight trousers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199765_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199765-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His high spot was singing "<a href="/wiki/Love_Me_Tender_(song)" title="Love Me Tender (song)">Love Me Tender</a>", which drew more applause than the other Beatles and increased the friction with McCartney. Lennon also started to criticise Sutcliffe, joking about his size and playing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005242_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005242-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 December 1960, an underage Harrison was sent back to Britain. McCartney and Best were deported for attempted arson at the <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Koschmider" title="Bruno Koschmider">Bambi Kino</a>, which left Lennon and Sutcliffe in Hamburg.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200593_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon200593-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BeatlesTimeline_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeatlesTimeline-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lennon also returned home, but as Sutcliffe had a <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">cold</a>, he stayed in Hamburg.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005230_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005230-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sutcliffe later borrowed money from his girlfriend <a href="/wiki/Astrid_Kirchherr" title="Astrid Kirchherr">Astrid Kirchherr</a> so he could fly back to Liverpool on Friday, 20 January 1961, although he returned to Hamburg in March with the other Beatles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005242_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005242-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gedenktafel_Kaiserkeller_-_Hamburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Gedenktafel_Kaiserkeller_-_Hamburg.jpg/220px-Gedenktafel_Kaiserkeller_-_Hamburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Gedenktafel_Kaiserkeller_-_Hamburg.jpg/330px-Gedenktafel_Kaiserkeller_-_Hamburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Gedenktafel_Kaiserkeller_-_Hamburg.jpg/440px-Gedenktafel_Kaiserkeller_-_Hamburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2968" data-file-height="3728" /></a><figcaption>Plaque commemorating The Beatles' visit to Hamburg.</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 1961, Sutcliffe decided to leave the group to continue painting.<sup id="cite_ref-IssueNo23_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IssueNo23-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being awarded a postgraduate scholarship,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutcliffeTufnellCornish199831_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESutcliffeTufnellCornish199831-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he enrolled at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Fine_Arts_of_Hamburg" title="University of Fine Arts of Hamburg">Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg</a>, where he studied under the tutelage of <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Paolozzi" title="Eduardo Paolozzi">Eduardo Paolozzi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199765_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199765-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He briefly lent McCartney his bass until the latter could earn enough to buy a specially made smaller left-handed <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fner_500/1" title="Höfner 500/1">Höfner 500/1</a> bass of his own in June 1961. However, Sutcliffe specifically asked McCartney (who is left-handed) not to change the strings around or restring the instrument, so McCartney had to play the bass as it was.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199774–75_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199774–75-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1967, a photo of Sutcliffe was included on the cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i> (extreme left, in front of fellow artist <a href="/wiki/Aubrey_Beardsley" title="Aubrey Beardsley">Aubrey Beardsley</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-BeatlesinScotland_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeatlesinScotland-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astrid_Kirchherr">Astrid Kirchherr</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Astrid Kirchherr"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sutcliffe met Astrid Kirchherr in the Kaiserkeller, where she had gone to watch the Beatles perform. She had been brought up by her <a href="/wiki/Widowed" class="mw-redirect" title="Widowed">widowed</a> mother, Nielsa Kirchherr, on Eimsbütteler Strasse, in a wealthy part of the Hamburg suburb of <a href="/wiki/Altona,_Hamburg" title="Altona, Hamburg">Altona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199764_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199764-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a photo session with the Beatles, Kirchherr invited them to her mother's house for tea. She showed them her bedroom, which she had decorated in black including the furniture, with silver foil on the walls and a large tree branch hanging from the ceiling. Sutcliffe was smitten and began dating Kirchherr shortly afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005224_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005224-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He wrote to friends that he was infatuated with her, and asked her German friends which colours, films, books and painters she liked. Best commented that the beginning of their relationship was "like one of those fairy stories".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005225_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005225-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirchherr and Sutcliffe got engaged in November 1960 and exchanged rings, as is the German custom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199765_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199765-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sutcliffe later wrote his parents that he was engaged to Kirchherr. They were shocked because they thought he would give up his career as an artist,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005235_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005235-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although he told Kirchherr he would like to be an art teacher in London or Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FreshAirinterviewwithAstrid_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FreshAirinterviewwithAstrid-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After moving into the Kirchherr family's house, Sutcliffe used to borrow Astrid's clothes. He wore her leather trousers and jackets, oversized shirts and long scarves, and collarless jackets. He borrowed a <a href="/wiki/Corduroy" title="Corduroy">corduroy</a> suit with no lapels to wear on stage, which prompted Lennon to sarcastically ask if his mother had lent him the suit.<sup id="cite_ref-FreshAirinterviewwithAstrid_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FreshAirinterviewwithAstrid-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art">Art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutcliffe_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/Sutcliffe_painting.jpg/250px-Sutcliffe_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cd/Sutcliffe_painting.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption><i>Hamburg Painting no. 2</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Sutcliffe displayed artistic talent at an early age.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005105_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005105-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200547_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon200547-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fellow student Helen Anderson remembered his early works as very aggressive with dark, moody colours, which was not what she expected from such a "quiet student".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005107_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005107-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Sutcliffe's paintings was shown at the <a href="/wiki/Walker_Art_Gallery" title="Walker Art Gallery">Walker Art Gallery</a> in Liverpool as part of the <a href="/wiki/John_Moores_(merchant)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Moores (merchant)">John Moores</a> exhibition, from November 1959 to January 1960. After the exhibition, Moores bought Sutcliffe's canvas for £65 (equivalent to £1,891 in 2023), which was then equal to 6–7 weeks' wages for an average working man.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199750_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199750-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The picture Moores bought was titled <i>Summer Painting</i>, and Sutcliffe attended a formal dinner to celebrate the exhibition with another art student, Susan Williams.<sup id="cite_ref-BeatlesBrowserFourp4_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeatlesBrowserFourp4-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murray remembered that the work was painted on a board rather than a canvas. Due to its size, it had to be cut in two and hinged. Murray noted only one of the pieces actually got to the exhibition (because they stopped at a pub to celebrate), but sold nonetheless because Moores bought it for his son.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005168_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005168-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutcliffe was turned down when he applied to study for an Art Teacher's Diploma (ATD) course at Liverpool Art College,<sup id="cite_ref-IssueNo23_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IssueNo23-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but after meeting Kirchherr, he decided to leave the Beatles and attend the Hamburg College of Art. In June 1961, he did so, under the tutelage of Paolozzi, who later wrote a report commending Sutcliffe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199765_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199765-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Paolozzi's words: "Sutcliffe is very gifted and very intelligent. In the meantime he has become one of my best students."<sup id="cite_ref-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutcliffe's few surviving works reveal influence from British and European <a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">abstract artists</a> contemporary with the <a href="/wiki/Abstract_Expressionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract Expressionist">Abstract Expressionist</a> movement in the U.S. His earlier figurative work is reminiscent of the <a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">kitchen sink school</a>, particularly of <a href="/wiki/John_Bratby" title="John Bratby">John Bratby</a>, though Sutcliffe was producing abstract work by the end of the '50s including <i>Summer Painting</i> purchased by Moores.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Summer_Painting_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Summer_Painting-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sutcliffe's works bear some comparison with those of <a href="/wiki/John_Hoyland" title="John Hoyland">John Hoyland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Nicolas de Staël">Nicolas de Staël</a>, though they are more lyrical (Sutcliffe used the stage name "Stu de Staël" when he was playing with the Beatles on a Scottish tour in spring 1960). His later works are typically untitled, constructed from heavily impastoed slabs of pigment in the manner of de Staël (whom he learned about from <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>-born art instructor Nicky Horsfield) and overlaid with scratched or squeezed linear elements creating enclosed spaces. </p><p><i>Hamburg Painting No. 2</i> was purchased by Liverpool's <a href="/wiki/Walker_Art_Gallery" title="Walker Art Gallery">Walker Art Gallery</a> and is one of a series entitled <i>Hamburg</i> in which surface and colour changes produce atmospheric energy. European artists (including Paolozzi) were also influencing Sutcliffe at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Walker Art Gallery has other works by Sutcliffe: <i>Self-Portrait</i> (in charcoal) and <i>The Crucifixion</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lennon later hung two of Sutcliffe's paintings in his house (<a href="/wiki/Kenwood,_St._George%27s_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenwood, St. George's Hill">Kenwood</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Weybridge" title="Weybridge">Weybridge</a>, and McCartney had a Paolozzi sculpture in his <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Avenue" title="Cavendish Avenue">Cavendish Avenue</a> home.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1997170_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1997170-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1997258_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1997258-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Stuart_Sutcliffe_at_St_Michael%27s_Church,_Huyton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Grave_of_Stuart_Sutcliffe_at_St_Michael%27s_Church%2C_Huyton.jpg/220px-Grave_of_Stuart_Sutcliffe_at_St_Michael%27s_Church%2C_Huyton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Grave_of_Stuart_Sutcliffe_at_St_Michael%27s_Church%2C_Huyton.jpg/330px-Grave_of_Stuart_Sutcliffe_at_St_Michael%27s_Church%2C_Huyton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Grave_of_Stuart_Sutcliffe_at_St_Michael%27s_Church%2C_Huyton.jpg/440px-Grave_of_Stuart_Sutcliffe_at_St_Michael%27s_Church%2C_Huyton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4716" data-file-height="3345" /></a><figcaption>Stuart Sutcliffe's grave at St. Michael's Church.</figcaption></figure> <p>While studying in Germany, Sutcliffe began experiencing severe headaches and acute sensitivity to light.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Kirchherr, some of the headaches left him temporarily blind.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005278_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005278-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon2005110_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon2005110-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1962, Sutcliffe collapsed during an art class in Hamburg. Kirchherr's mother had German doctors examine him, but they were unable to determine the exact cause of his headaches. They suggested he return to the UK and have himself admitted to a hospital with better facilities; however, after arriving, Sutcliffe was told nothing was wrong and returned to Hamburg. He continued living with the Kirchherrs, but his condition soon worsened. After he collapsed again on 10 April 1962, Kirchherr took him to hospital, riding with him in the ambulance, but he died before they arrived.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon2005110_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon2005110-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cause of death was a <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebral hemorrhage">cerebral hemorrhage</a>, specifically a ruptured <a href="/wiki/Aneurysm" title="Aneurysm">aneurysm</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon2005110_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon2005110-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005305_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005305-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in cerebral paralysis due to severe bleeding into the right <a href="/wiki/Ventricular_system" title="Ventricular system">ventricle</a> of the brain. He was 21 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-Ingham_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingham-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 April 1962, Kirchherr met the group at <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Airport" title="Hamburg Airport">Hamburg Airport</a>, telling them Sutcliffe had died a few days earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-BeatlesTimeline_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeatlesTimeline-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005305_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005305-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sutcliffe's mother flew to Hamburg with Beatles manager <a href="/wiki/Brian_Epstein" title="Brian Epstein">Brian Epstein</a> and returned to Liverpool with her son's body.<sup id="cite_ref-FreshAirinterviewwithAstrid_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FreshAirinterviewwithAstrid-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sutcliffe's father did not hear of Stuart's death for three weeks, as he was sailing to South America on a cruise ship, although the family arranged for a <a href="/wiki/Military_Chaplain" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Chaplain">padre</a>, a military chaplain, to give him the news as soon as the ship docked in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiulianoGiuliano19963_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiulianoGiuliano19963-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Sutcliffe's death, Kirchherr wrote a letter to his mother, apologising for being too ill to attend his funeral in Liverpool and saying how much she and Lennon missed him: </p> <blockquote> <p>Oh, Mum, he (Lennon) is in a terrible mood now, he just can't believe that darling Stuart never comes back. [He's] just crying his eyes out ... John is marvellous to me, he says that he knows Stuart so much and he loves him so much that he can understand me.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>The cause of Sutcliffe's aneurysm is unknown, although authors of books on the Beatles have speculated it was caused by an earlier head injury. He may have been either kicked in the head, or thrown head first against a brick wall during an attack outside <a href="/wiki/Lathom_Hall" title="Lathom Hall">Lathom Hall</a> after a performance in January 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005240_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005240-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to booking agent <a href="/wiki/Allan_Williams" title="Allan Williams">Allan Williams</a>, Lennon and Best went to Sutcliffe's aid, fighting off his attackers before dragging him to safety. Sutcliffe sustained a <a href="/wiki/Skull_fracture" title="Skull fracture">fractured skull</a> in the fight and Lennon's little finger was broken.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005884_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005884-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sutcliffe refused medical attention at the time and failed to keep an <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a> appointment at Sefton General Hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005241_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005241-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Lennon did not attend nor send flowers to Sutcliffe's funeral, his second wife, <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a>, recalled that Lennon mentioned Sutcliffe's name often, saying he was "[My] alter ego ... a spirit in his world ... a guiding force".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKane200752_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKane200752-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sutcliffe is buried in <a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Church,_Huyton" title="St Michael's Church, Huyton">Huyton Parish Church</a> Cemetery (also known as St. Michael's) in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, Merseyside in North West England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Posthumous_music_releases">Posthumous music releases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Posthumous music releases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_ronsaunders47_-_The_Beatles-Sgt_Pepper_backdrop..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flickr_-_ronsaunders47_-_The_Beatles-Sgt_Pepper_backdrop..jpg/220px-Flickr_-_ronsaunders47_-_The_Beatles-Sgt_Pepper_backdrop..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flickr_-_ronsaunders47_-_The_Beatles-Sgt_Pepper_backdrop..jpg/330px-Flickr_-_ronsaunders47_-_The_Beatles-Sgt_Pepper_backdrop..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flickr_-_ronsaunders47_-_The_Beatles-Sgt_Pepper_backdrop..jpg/440px-Flickr_-_ronsaunders47_-_The_Beatles-Sgt_Pepper_backdrop..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A image of Sutcliffe is included on the <i><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i> album cover.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Beatles' compilation album <i><a href="/wiki/Anthology_1" title="Anthology 1">Anthology 1</a></i>, released in 1995, had previously unreleased recordings from the group's early years. Sutcliffe plays bass with the Beatles on three songs they recorded in 1960: "<a href="/wiki/Hallelujah,_I_Love_Her_So" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallelujah, I Love Her So">Hallelujah, I Love Her So</a>", "<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_Be_Mine_(The_Beatles_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="You'll Be Mine (The Beatles song)">You'll Be Mine</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Cayenne_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayenne (song)">Cayenne</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, he is pictured on the front covers of all three <i>Anthology</i> albums. </p><p>In 2011, Sutcliffe's estate released a recording claimed to be Sutcliffe singing a cover of Elvis Presley's "<a href="/wiki/Love_Me_Tender_(song)" title="Love Me Tender (song)">Love Me Tender</a>", recorded in 1961 and donated to the estate in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cover art shows a Sutcliffe painting entitled <i>Homage to Elvis</i>. The recording was quickly proven to be fake by amateurs and industry professionals alike; it was clearly an amateur '<a href="/wiki/Pitch_shift" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitch shift">pitch shift</a>' edit of the 1967 recording of "Love Me Tender" by The Boston Show Band (later known as the <a href="/wiki/Glittermen" title="Glittermen">Glittermen</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film,_television,_and_books"><span id="Film.2C_television.2C_and_books"></span>Film, television, and books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Film, television, and books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part One of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Anthology" title="The Beatles Anthology">The Beatles Anthology</a></i> video documentary covers Sutcliffe's time with the group. There is no mention of his death in the documentary, but it is discussed in the <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Anthology_(book)" title="The Beatles Anthology (book)">accompanying book</a>. </p><p>Sutcliffe was portrayed by David Nicholas Wilkinson in <i><a href="/wiki/Birth_of_the_Beatles" title="Birth of the Beatles">Birth of the Beatles</a></i> (1979) and by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Williams_(actor)" title="Lee Williams (actor)">Lee Williams</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/In_His_Life:_The_John_Lennon_Story" title="In His Life: The John Lennon Story">In His Life: The John Lennon Story</a></i> (2000).<sup id="cite_ref-InHisLife_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InHisLife-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sutcliffe's role in the Beatles' early career and the factors that led him to leave the group are dramatised in the 1994 film <i><a href="/wiki/Backbeat_(film)" title="Backbeat (film)">Backbeat</a></i>, in which he was portrayed by American actor <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dorff" title="Stephen Dorff">Stephen Dorff</a>. Sutcliffe does not appear in <i><a href="/wiki/Nowhere_Boy" title="Nowhere Boy">Nowhere Boy</a></i> (2009), but is briefly mentioned toward the end of the film. </p><p>Four television documentaries have been broadcast that deal with Sutcliffe's life: </p> <ul><li><i>Midnight Angel</i> (1990) <a href="/wiki/Granada_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Granada TV">Granada TV</a> (networked) U.K.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Exhibition</i> (1991) Cologne, German TV<sup id="cite_ref-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Stuart, His Life and Art</i> (2005) <a href="/wiki/BBC_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC TV">BBC TV</a><sup id="cite_ref-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Stuart Sutcliffe, The Lost Beatle</i><sup id="cite_ref-TheLostBeatleEveningStandard_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheLostBeatleEveningStandard-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Books about Sutcliffe: </p> <ul><li><i>Backbeat: Stuart Sutcliffe: The Lost Beatle</i> (1994) Alan Clayson and Pauline Sutcliffe <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClaysonSutcliffe1994_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClaysonSutcliffe1994-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Stuart, The Life and Art of Stuart Sutcliffe</i> (1995) Pauline Sutcliffe and Kay Williams <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutcliffeWilliams1996_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESutcliffeWilliams1996-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Beatles Shadow, Stuart Sutcliffe, & His Lonely Hearts Club</i> (2001) Pauline Sutcliffe and Douglas Thompson <sup id="cite_ref-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Stuart Sutcliffe: a retrospective</i> (2008) Matthew H. Clough and Colin Fallows <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECloughFallows2008_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECloughFallows2008-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Baby's in Black</i> (2010) Arne Bellstorf <sup id="cite_ref-Baby’sInBlackBook_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baby’sInBlackBook-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - graphic novel</li></ul> <p>The Stuart Sutcliffe Estate sells memorabilia and artifacts of Sutcliffe's, including poems written by him and the chords and lyrics to songs Lennon and Sutcliffe were learning.<sup id="cite_ref-ArtifactsMemorabiliaEstateSong_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArtifactsMemorabiliaEstateSong-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Beatles" title="Outline of the Beatles">Outline of the Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_timeline" title="The Beatles timeline">The Beatles timeline</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005175-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005175_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005175_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/report.aspx">"Report by Eduardo Paolozzi, 23 October 1961"</a>. <i>liverpoolmuseums</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=liverpoolmuseums&rft.atitle=Report+by+Eduardo+Paolozzi%2C+23+October+1961&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk%2Fmol%2Fexhibitions%2Fsutcliffe%2Freport.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorman200562-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorman200562_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNorman2005">Norman 2005</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKane200752-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKane200752_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKane200752_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKane2007">Kane 2007</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESutcliffeTufnellCornish199830-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutcliffeTufnellCornish199830_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSutcliffeTufnellCornish1998">Sutcliffe, Tufnell & Cornish 1998</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGinty2011" class="citation news cs1">McGinty, Stephen (12 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/stephen_mcginty_scotland_meant_a_lot_more_to_the_beatles_than_just_mull_of_kintyre_1_1795434">"Stephen McGinty: Scotland meant a lot more to the Beatles than just Mull of Kintyre"</a>. <i>The Scotsman</i>. Edinburgh<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=Stephen+McGinty%3A+Scotland+meant+a+lot+more+to+the+Beatles+than+just+Mull+of+Kintyre&rft.date=2011-08-12&rft.aulast=McGinty&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fstephen_mcginty_scotland_meant_a_lot_more_to_the_beatles_than_just_mull_of_kintyre_1_1795434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stuart_Sutcliffe_Estate_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622064538/http://stuartsutcliffeart.com/about_stuart.html">"Stuart"</a>. Stuart Sutcliffe Estate. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stuartsutcliffeart.com/about_stuart.html">the original</a> on 22 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stuart&rft.pub=Stuart+Sutcliffe+Estate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstuartsutcliffeart.com%2Fabout_stuart.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawlowski198988-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawlowski198988_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPawlowski1989">Pawlowski 1989</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/stuart-sutcliffe-school-beatles-story-11512980">"Stuart Sutcliffe's school reports reveal he had a 'mischievous character'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 23 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stuart+Sutcliffe%27s+school+reports+reveal+he+had+a+%27mischievous+character%27&rft.date=2016-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Fwhats-on-news%2Fstuart-sutcliffe-school-beatles-story-11512980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005105-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005105_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005105_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005105_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sutcliffe's_cheque_book-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sutcliffe's_cheque_book_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sutcliffe's_cheque_book_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/cheque.asp">Sutcliffe's cheque book -</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608062041/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/cheque.asp">Archived</a> 8 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved 13 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005107-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005107_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005107_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESutcliffeTufnellCornish199831-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutcliffeTufnellCornish199831_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutcliffeTufnellCornish199831_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSutcliffeTufnellCornish1998">Sutcliffe, Tufnell & Cornish 1998</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/painting.asp">Painting by Sutcliffe in Percy Street flat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060925013321/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/painting.asp">Archived</a> 25 September 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved 13 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199750-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199750_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199750_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199750_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles1997">Miles 1997</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon200563-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200563_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLennon2005">Lennon 2005</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheBeatlesAnthologyDVD-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheBeatlesAnthologyDVD_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Beatles Anthology" (DVD) 2003 (Episode 1 – 0:27:24) McCartney talking about being jealous of Sutcliffe's friendship with Lennon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman Allanson <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://triumphpc.com/mersey-beat/beatles/sutcliff2.shtml">"I heard that Stuart had painted his room"</a>, triumphpc.com. Retrieved 26 November 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Beatles Anthology" (DVD) 2003 (Episode 1 – 0:28:02) Harrison and McCartney talking about Sutcliffe's first bass guitar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockmine.com/Stu2.html">Sutcliffe's President Bass</a> rockmine.com. Retrieved: 9 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005173-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005173_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/choir.asp">Photo of Sutcliffe in church choir</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092650/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/choir.asp">Archived</a> 29 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved 13 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman1995212-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeman1995212_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColeman1995">Coleman 1995</a>, p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon200566-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200566_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLennon2005">Lennon 2005</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon200564-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200564_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLennon2005">Lennon 2005</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/guitar.asp">Sutcliffe's first guitar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000109/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/guitar.asp">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved 13 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan198243-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyan198243_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyan1982">Ryan 1982</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyan198253-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyan198253_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyan1982">Ryan 1982</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199753-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199753_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles1997">Miles 1997</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005184–185-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005184–185_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 184–185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005173–174-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005173–174_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, pp. 173–174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rickresource.com/rrp/petebest.html">An Evening With Pete Best, Part I: The Interview</a> rickresource.com. Retrieved 20 January 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UK-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UK <a href="/wiki/Retail_Price_Index" title="Retail Price Index">Retail Price Index</a> inflation figures are based on data from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Gregory (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://measuringworth.com/datasets/ukearncpi/">"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=The+Annual+RPI+and+Average+Earnings+for+Britain%2C+1209+to+Present+%28New+Series%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeasuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fukearncpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HarryBeatleFolks-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HarryBeatleFolks_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080827174825/http://www.beatlefolks.com/bharry2.shtml">Bill Harry interview on Beatle Folks</a> – Retrieved 28 November 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Stuart Sutcliffe, The Lost Beatle" documentary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger20067-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger20067_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnterberger2006">Unterberger 2006</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199765-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199765_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199765_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199765_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199765_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles1997">Miles 1997</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005242-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005242_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005242_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon200593-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200593_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLennon2005">Lennon 2005</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BeatlesTimeline-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BeatlesTimeline_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BeatlesTimeline_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beatles.ncf.ca/timeline.html#60">The BeatlesTimeline</a> Beatles.ncf.ca. Retrieved: 9 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005230-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005230_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IssueNo23-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IssueNo23_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IssueNo23_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merseybeat.co.uk/articles-details.php?cat=Bill+Harry's+Mersey+Beat&id=546">"Issue No.23 Mersey Beat Reveals The Beatles Are To Record!"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Issue+No.23+Mersey+Beat+Reveals+The+Beatles+Are+To+Record%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merseybeat.co.uk%2Farticles-details.php%3Fcat%3DBill%2BHarry%27s%2BMersey%2BBeat%26id%3D546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199774–75-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199774–75_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles1997">Miles 1997</a>, pp. 74–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BeatlesinScotland-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BeatlesinScotland_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcnab2008" class="citation news cs1">Mcnab, Ken (9 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/archive/2008/11/09/the-beatles-in-scotland-stuart-sutcliffe-s-story-78057-20880481/">"The Beatles in Scotland: Stuart Sutcliffe's story"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mail_(Scotland)" title="Sunday Mail (Scotland)">Sunday Mail (Scotland)</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sunday+Mail+%28Scotland%29&rft.atitle=The+Beatles+in+Scotland%3A+Stuart+Sutcliffe%27s+story&rft.date=2008-11-09&rft.aulast=Mcnab&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyrecord.co.uk%2Farchive%2F2008%2F11%2F09%2Fthe-beatles-in-scotland-stuart-sutcliffe-s-story-78057-20880481%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199764-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199764_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles1997">Miles 1997</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005224-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005224_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005225-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005225_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005235-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005235_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FreshAirinterviewwithAstrid-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FreshAirinterviewwithAstrid_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FreshAirinterviewwithAstrid_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FreshAirinterviewwithAstrid_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/player/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=18112532&m=18112531">"<i>Fresh Air</i> interview with Astrid Kirchherr (15 January 2008)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WHYY-FM" title="WHYY-FM">WHYY-FM</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fresh+Air+interview+with+Astrid+Kirchherr+%2815+January+2008%29&rft.pub=WHYY-FM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fplayer%2FmediaPlayer.html%3Faction%3D1%26t%3D1%26islist%3Dfalse%26id%3D18112532%26m%3D18112531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon200547-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200547_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLennon2005">Lennon 2005</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BeatlesBrowserFourp4-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BeatlesBrowserFourp4_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://triumphpc.com/mersey-beat/beatles/beatlesbrowser-four4.shtml">"Beatles Browser Four (p4)"</a>. Bill Harry/Mersey Beat Ltd<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beatles+Browser+Four+%28p4%29&rft.pub=Bill+Harry%2FMersey+Beat+Ltd.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftriumphpc.com%2Fmersey-beat%2Fbeatles%2Fbeatlesbrowser-four4.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005168-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005168_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/idcard.asp">Hamburg identity card, 1961</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060925013351/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/idcard.asp">Archived</a> 25 September 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved 13 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/report.asp">Eduardo Paolozzi's Report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070514220147/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/report.asp">Archived</a> 14 May 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved 13 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Summer_Painting-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Summer_Painting_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061128113811/http://stuartsutcliffeart.com/gallery.php?category=Middle%20Work">"The Summer Painting"</a>. Stuart Sutcliffe Estate. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuartsutcliffeart.com/gallery.php?category=Middle%20Work">the original</a> on 28 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Summer+Painting&rft.pub=Stuart+Sutcliffe+Estate.&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuartsutcliffeart.com%2Fgallery.php%3Fcategory%3DMiddle%2520Work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/collections/20c/sutcliffe.asp"><i>Hamburg Painting No. 2</i> 1961</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070213165122/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/collections/20c/sutcliffe.asp">Archived</a> 13 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/portrait.asp">Sutcliffe's self-portrait (in charcoal)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060925013300/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/portrait.asp">Archived</a> 25 September 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved 13 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/online/exhibitions/beatles/art/sutcliffecrucifixion.asp">"The Crucifixion" by Sutcliffe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060925013208/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/online/exhibitions/beatles/art/sutcliffecrucifixion.asp">Archived</a> 25 September 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1997170-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1997170_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles1997">Miles 1997</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1997258-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1997258_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiles1997">Miles 1997</a>, p. 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/letter3.asp">Sefton General Hospital report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070514030253/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/letter3.asp">Archived</a> 14 May 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved 13 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005278-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005278_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon2005110-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon2005110_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon2005110_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon2005110_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLennon2005">Lennon 2005</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005305-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005305_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005305_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ingham-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ingham_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ingham, Chris, (2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=htl2U1fPq8QC&pg=PA361"><i>The Rough Guide to the Beatles</i></a>, First Edition. London: Rough Guide, Ltd. p. 361. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84353-140-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84353-140-2">1-84353-140-2</a>. Accessed 25 August 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiulianoGiuliano19963-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiulianoGiuliano19963_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiulianoGiuliano1996">Giuliano & Giuliano 1996</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/letter4.asp">Astrid's letter to Millie Sutcliffe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235836/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/exhibitions/sutcliffe/letter4.asp">Archived</a> 26 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> liverpoolmuseums.org.uk. Retrieved 13 May 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005240-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005240_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005884-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005884_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 884.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005241-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005241_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpitz2005">Spitz 2005</a>, p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Beatles Anthology</i> (DVD) 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225820/http://www.stuartsutcliffefanclub.com/lovemetender.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Love Me Tender", sung by Stuart Sutcliffe"</a>. <i>stuartsutcliffefanclub.com</i>. The Official Stuart Sutcliffe Fan Club. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuartsutcliffefanclub.com/lovemetender.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stuartsutcliffefanclub.com&rft.atitle=%22Love+Me+Tender%22%2C+sung+by+Stuart+Sutcliffe&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuartsutcliffefanclub.com%2Flovemetender.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-InHisLife-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-InHisLife_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/in_his_life_the_john_lennon_story/">"In His Life: The John Lennon Story (2000)"</a>. Rotten tomatoes<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+His+Life%3A+The+John+Lennon+Story+%282000%29&rft.pub=Rotten+tomatoes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fin_his_life_the_john_lennon_story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker, John. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artdesigncafe.com/Stuart-Sutcliffe-Midnight-Angel-film">"Stuart Sutcliffe and the film <i>Midnight angel</i>"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923174123/http://www.artdesigncafe.com/Stuart-Sutcliffe-Midnight-Angel-film">Archived</a> 23 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>AND: Journal of Art</i> / artdesigncafe. Retrieved 9 January 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheLostBeatleEveningStandard-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheLostBeatleEveningStandard_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Pete. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716155259/http://stuartsutcliffeart.com/images/peter_clark_-_sutcliffe_press_evening_standard_part_21.jpg">"<i>Stuart Sutcliffe, The Lost Beatle</i>"</a>. <i>Evening Standard</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stuartsutcliffeart.com/images/peter_clark_-_sutcliffe_press_evening_standard_part_21.jpg">the original</a> on 16 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Stuart+Sutcliffe%2C+The+Lost+Beatle&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstuartsutcliffeart.com%2Fimages%2Fpeter_clark_-_sutcliffe_press_evening_standard_part_21.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClaysonSutcliffe1994-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClaysonSutcliffe1994_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClaysonSutcliffe1994">Clayson & Sutcliffe 1994</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESutcliffeWilliams1996-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutcliffeWilliams1996_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSutcliffeWilliams1996">Sutcliffe & Williams 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECloughFallows2008-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECloughFallows2008_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCloughFallows2008">Clough & Fallows 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baby’sInBlackBook-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baby’sInBlackBook_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitch2011" class="citation web cs1">Fitch, Alex (10 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.selfmadehero.com/news/2011/05/the-resonance-fm-podcast-babys-in-black/">"The Resonance FM podcast: Baby's in Black"</a>. Self Made Hero<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Resonance+FM+podcast%3A+Baby%27s+in+Black&rft.pub=Self+Made+Hero&rft.date=2011-05-10&rft.aulast=Fitch&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.selfmadehero.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F05%2Fthe-resonance-fm-podcast-babys-in-black%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArtifactsMemorabiliaEstateSong-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ArtifactsMemorabiliaEstateSong_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110704073201/http://stuartsutcliffeart.com/gallery.php?category=Artifacts%2FMemorabilia">"Artifacts/Memorabilia: Lyrics and chords for a Lennon/Sutcliffe song"</a>. Stuart Sutcliffe Estate. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stuartsutcliffeart.com/gallery.php?category=Artifacts%2FMemorabilia">the original</a> on 4 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artifacts%2FMemorabilia%3A+Lyrics+and+chords+for+a+Lennon%2FSutcliffe+song&rft.pub=Stuart+Sutcliffe+Estate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstuartsutcliffeart.com%2Fgallery.php%3Fcategory%3DArtifacts%252FMemorabilia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span>. The lyrics are from the <a href="/wiki/Gene_Vincent" title="Gene Vincent">Gene Vincent</a> version of the song <i>Peace of Mind</i> released in 1958.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaysonSutcliffe1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Clayson" title="Alan Clayson">Clayson, Alan</a>; Sutcliffe, Pauline (1994). <i>Backbeat: Stuart Sutcliffe: The Lost Beatle</i>. <a href="/wiki/Pan_Books" title="Pan Books">Pan Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-33580-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-33580-5"><bdi>978-0-330-33580-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Backbeat%3A+Stuart+Sutcliffe%3A+The+Lost+Beatle&rft.pub=Pan+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-330-33580-5&rft.aulast=Clayson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Sutcliffe%2C+Pauline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCloughFallows2008" class="citation book cs1">Clough, Matthew H.; Fallows, Colin (2008). <i>Stuart Sutcliffe: A Retrospective</i>. <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_University_Press" title="Liverpool University Press">Liverpool University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-176-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-176-5"><bdi>978-1-84631-176-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stuart+Sutcliffe%3A+A+Retrospective&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84631-176-5&rft.aulast=Clough&rft.aufirst=Matthew+H.&rft.au=Fallows%2C+Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Coleman" title="Ray Coleman">Coleman, Ray</a> (1995). <i>Lennon: The Definitive Biography</i>. <a href="/wiki/Pan_Books" title="Pan Books">Pan Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-34568-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-34568-2"><bdi>978-0-330-34568-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lennon%3A+The+Definitive+Biography&rft.pub=Pan+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-330-34568-2&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiulianoGiuliano1996" class="citation book cs1">Giuliano, Geoffrey & Giuliano, Brenda (1996). <i>The Lost Lennon Interviews</i>. Adams Media Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55850-638-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55850-638-1"><bdi>978-1-55850-638-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+Lennon+Interviews&rft.pub=Adams+Media+Corporation&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-55850-638-1&rft.au=Giuliano%2C+Geoffrey&rft.au=Giuliano%2C+Brenda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Kane" title="Larry Kane">Kane, Larry</a> (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lennonrevealed0000kane"><i>Lennon Revealed</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Running_Press" title="Running Press">Running Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-2966-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-2966-0"><bdi>978-0-7624-2966-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lennon+Revealed&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7624-2966-0&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flennonrevealed0000kane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLennon2005" class="citation book cs1">Lennon, Cynthia (2005). <i>John</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hodder_%26_Stoughton" title="Hodder & Stoughton">Hodder & Stoughton</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-340-89512-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-340-89512-2"><bdi>978-0-340-89512-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John&rft.pub=Hodder+%26+Stoughton&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-340-89512-2&rft.aulast=Lennon&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiles1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Miles" title="Barry Miles">Miles, Barry</a> (1997). <i><a href="/wiki/Many_Years_From_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="Many Years From Now">Many Years From Now</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Vintage_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vintage (publisher)">Vintage</a>-<a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7493-8658-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7493-8658-0"><bdi>978-0-7493-8658-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Many+Years+From+Now&rft.pub=Vintage-Random+House&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7493-8658-0&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Norman_(author)" title="Philip Norman (author)">Norman, Philip</a> (2005). <i>Shout!: The Beatles in Their Generation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Fireside_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Fireside Books">Fireside Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-3565-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-3565-5"><bdi>978-0-7432-3565-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shout%21%3A+The+Beatles+in+Their+Generation&rft.pub=Fireside+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-3565-5&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPawlowski1989" class="citation book cs1">Pawlowski, Gareth L. (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howtheybecamebea0000pawl"><i>How They Became the Beatles</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-24823-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-525-24823-1"><bdi>978-0-525-24823-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+They+Became+the+Beatles&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-525-24823-1&rft.aulast=Pawlowski&rft.aufirst=Gareth+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowtheybecamebea0000pawl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan1982" class="citation book cs1">Ryan, David Stuart (1982). <i>John Lennon's Secret: A Biography</i>. Kozmik Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905116-08-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905116-08-2"><bdi>978-0-905116-08-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Lennon%27s+Secret%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Kozmik+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-905116-08-2&rft.au=Ryan%2C+David+Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpitz2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Spitz" title="Bob Spitz">Spitz, Bob</a> (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beatlesbiography00spit"><i>The Beatles – The Biography</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown and Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-80352-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-80352-6"><bdi>978-0-316-80352-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles+%E2%80%93+The+Biography&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-316-80352-6&rft.aulast=Spitz&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeatlesbiography00spit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutcliffeWilliams1996" class="citation book cs1">Sutcliffe, Pauline; Williams, Kay (1996). <i>Stuart: Life and Art of Stuart Sutcliffe</i>. <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Publications" title="Genesis Publications">Genesis Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-904351-52-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-904351-52-1"><bdi>978-0-904351-52-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stuart%3A+Life+and+Art+of+Stuart+Sutcliffe&rft.pub=Genesis+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-904351-52-1&rft.aulast=Sutcliffe&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft.au=Williams%2C+Kay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutcliffeTufnellCornish1998" class="citation book cs1">Sutcliffe, Pauline; Tufnell, Guinevere; Cornish, Ursula (1998). <i>Working with the dying and bereaved: systemic approaches to therapeutic work</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-91993-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-91993-7"><bdi>978-0-415-91993-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Working+with+the+dying+and+bereaved%3A+systemic+approaches+to+therapeutic+work&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-415-91993-7&rft.aulast=Sutcliffe&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft.au=Tufnell%2C+Guinevere&rft.au=Cornish%2C+Ursula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger2006" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie (2006). <i>The Unreleased Beatles</i>. Backbeat (UK). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-892-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-892-6"><bdi>978-0-87930-892-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unreleased+Beatles&rft.pub=Backbeat+%28UK%29&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-87930-892-6&rft.aulast=Unterberger&rft.aufirst=Richie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStuart+Sutcliffe" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-External_links plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuartsutcliffeart.com/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204218#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027114821/http://www.geocities.com/imagine_80_jwl/Stuart1.html">The Comprehensive Stuart Sutcliffe Website</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 27 October 2009)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040503173659/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/liverpoollife/exhibitions/sutcliffe/index.asp">Stuart Sutcliffe and The Beatles</a> exhibition at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040415095737/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/liverpoollife/">Museum of Liverpool Life</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genesis-publications.com/books/st/index.html">Stuart – <i>The Life and Art of Stuart Sutcliffe</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.instantkarma.com/johnbio.html">Stuart quote about the Romeos: Lennon, McCartney and Harrison</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713044124/http://www.instantkarma.com/johnbio.html">Archived</a> 13 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081031054941/http://www.komm-gib-mir-deine-hand.de/resources/Stuart_english.pdf">A summary of Sutcliffe's last year of life in Germany from the book <i>Komm, Gib Mir Deine Hand</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://huyton-parish-church.org.uk">Buried in Huyton Parish Church Cemetery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/2680">Stuart Sutcliffe</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://searcharchives.bl.uk/IAMS_VU2:IAMS040-002481418">Partial letter from John Lennon to Stuart Sutcliffe</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> at the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/Stuart+Sutcliffe">Stuart Sutcliffe</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4931653/">Stuart Sutcliffe</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394678">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-solo .navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="The_Beatles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Beatles" title="Template:The Beatles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Beatles" title="Template talk:The Beatles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Beatles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Beatles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Beatles" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Beatles" title="Outline of the Beatles">Outline of the Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_timeline" title="The Beatles timeline">The Beatles timeline</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stuart Sutcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Best" title="Pete Best">Pete Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chas_Newby" title="Chas Newby">Chas Newby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Chapman" title="Norman Chapman">Norman Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Moore_(musician)" title="Tommy Moore (musician)">Tommy Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Nicol" title="Jimmie Nicol">Jimmie Nicol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Quarrymen" title="The Quarrymen">The Quarrymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_Hamburg" title="The Beatles in Hamburg">In Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_at_the_Cavern_Club" title="The Beatles at the Cavern Club">At the Cavern Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_Decca_audition" title="The Beatles' Decca audition">Decca audition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_North_American_releases" title="The Beatles' North American releases">North American releases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatlemania" title="Beatlemania">Beatlemania</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/More_popular_than_Jesus" title="More popular than Jesus">More popular than Jesus</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_Bangor" title="The Beatles in Bangor">In Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_India" title="The Beatles in India">In India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break-up_of_the_Beatles" title="Break-up of the Beatles">Break-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_John_Lennon" title="Murder of John Lennon">Murder of John Lennon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Anthology" title="The Beatles Anthology">Anthology</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_bands_featuring_members_of_the_Beatles" title="List of members of bands featuring members of the Beatles">Line-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_the_Beatles" title="Religious views of the Beatles">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_timeline" title="The Beatles timeline">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_the_Beatles" title="List of awards and nominations received by the Beatles">Awards and nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_bootleg_recordings" title="The Beatles bootleg recordings">Bootlegs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_albums_discography" title="The Beatles albums discography">Albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_singles_discography" title="The Beatles singles discography">Singles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_in_film" title="The Beatles in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Beatles%27_instruments" title="List of the Beatles' instruments">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Beatles%27_live_performances" title="List of the Beatles' live performances">Live performances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_performed_on_Beatles_recordings" title="List of people who performed on Beatles recordings">Performers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborations_between_ex-Beatles" title="Collaborations between ex-Beatles">Post-breakup collaborations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_the_Beatles" title="List of songs recorded by the Beatles">Songs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cover_versions_of_Beatles_songs" title="List of cover versions of Beatles songs">Cover versions of Beatles songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_covered_by_the_Beatles" title="List of songs covered by the Beatles">Songs covered by the Beatles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_recording_sessions" title="The Beatles' recording sessions">Recording sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tributes_to_the_Beatles" title="Tributes to the Beatles">Tributes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tours and<br /> performances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beat_Ballad_Show_Tour" title="The Beat Ballad Show Tour">1960 Johnny Gentle Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Winter_1963_Helen_Shapiro_Tour" title="The Beatles Winter 1963 Helen Shapiro Tour">Winter 1963 Helen Shapiro Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison/The_Beatles_Tour" title="Roy Orbison/The Beatles Tour">1963 Roy Orbison Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_on_The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show"><i>The Ed Sullivan Show</i> appearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1964_world_tour" title="The Beatles' 1964 world tour">1964 world tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1964_tour_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Beatles' 1964 tour of Australia">The Beatles' 1964 tour of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1964_North_American_tour" title="The Beatles' 1964 North American tour">1964 North American tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1965_European_tour" title="The Beatles' 1965 European tour">1965 European tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1965_US_tour" title="The Beatles' 1965 US tour">1965 US tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1965_UK_tour" title="The Beatles' 1965 UK tour">1965 UK tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1966_tour_of_Germany,_Japan_and_the_Philippines" title="The Beatles' 1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines">1966 tour of Germany, Japan and the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1966_US_tour" title="The Beatles' 1966 US tour">1966 US tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_World_(1967_TV_program)" title="Our World (1967 TV program)"><i>Our World</i> performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles%27_rooftop_concert" title="The Beatles' rooftop concert">Rooftop concert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Beatle" title="Fifth Beatle">Personnel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEFFF">Management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Aspinall" title="Neil Aspinall">Neil Aspinall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Barrow" title="Tony Barrow">Tony Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brown_(music_manager)" title="Peter Brown (music manager)">Peter Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Epstein" title="Brian Epstein">Brian Epstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_Evans" title="Mal Evans">Mal Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_James" title="Dick James">Dick James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freda_Kelly" title="Freda Kelly">Freda Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Klein" title="Allen Klein">Allen Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lockwood" title="Joseph Lockwood">Joseph Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Taylor" title="Alistair Taylor">Alistair Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Taylor" title="Derek Taylor">Derek Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Williams" title="Allan Williams">Allan Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEFFF">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Emerick" title="Geoff Emerick">Geoff Emerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lush" title="Richard Lush">Richard Lush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">George Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_McDonald" title="Phil McDonald">Phil McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Preston" title="Billy Preston">Billy Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Scott" title="Ken Scott">Ken Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Sheridan" title="Tony Sheridan">Tony Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Smith_(record_producer)" title="Norman Smith (record producer)">Norman Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated<br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Corps" title="Apple Corps">Apple Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Records" title="Apple Records">Apple Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisongs" title="Harrisongs">Harrisongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Songs" title="Northern Songs">Northern Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlophone" title="Parlophone">Parlophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltaeb" title="Seltaeb">Seltaeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Startling_Music" title="Startling Music">Startling Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Records" title="Swan Records">Swan Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tollie_Records" title="Tollie Records">Tollie Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vee-Jay_Records" title="Vee-Jay Records">Vee-Jay Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated<br />places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_Admiral_Grove" title="10 Admiral Grove">10 Admiral Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Arnold_Grove" title="12 Arnold Grove">12 Arnold Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Forthlin_Road" title="20 Forthlin Road">20 Forthlin Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/251_Menlove_Avenue" title="251 Menlove Avenue">251 Menlove Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34_Montagu_Square,_Marylebone" title="34 Montagu Square, Marylebone">34 Montagu Square, Marylebone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road,_London" title="Abbey Road, London">Abbey Road, London</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road_Studios" title="Abbey Road Studios">Abbey Road Studios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad_Lib_Club" title="Ad Lib Club">Ad Lib Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bag_O%27Nails" title="The Bag O'Nails">The Bag O'Nails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatles_Ashram" title="Beatles Ashram">Beatles Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatles-Platz" title="Beatles-Platz">Beatles-Platz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Angel_(nightclub)" title="Blue Angel (nightclub)">Blue Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casbah_Coffee_Club" title="Casbah Coffee Club">Casbah Coffee Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlestick_Park" title="Candlestick Park">Candlestick Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cavern_Club" title="The Cavern Club">The Cavern Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_Mecca" title="Cavern Mecca">Cavern Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comiskey_Park" title="Comiskey Park">Comiskey Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jacaranda" title="The Jacaranda">The Jacaranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserkeller" title="Kaiserkeller">Kaiserkeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinfauns" title="Kinfauns">Kinfauns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Palladium" title="London Palladium">London Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Lane,_Liverpool" title="Penny Lane, Liverpool">Penny Lane, Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savile_Row" title="Savile Row">3 Savile Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scotch_of_St._James" title="The Scotch of St. James">The Scotch of St. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shea_Stadium" title="Shea Stadium">Shea Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Woolton,_Liverpool" title="St Peter's Church, Woolton, Liverpool">St Peter's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Street,_Liverpool" title="Stanley Street, Liverpool">Stanley Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star-Club" title="Star-Club">Star-Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Field" title="Strawberry Field">Strawberry Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittenhurst_Park" title="Tittenhurst Park">Tittenhurst Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Ten_Club" title="Top Ten Club">Top Ten Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigmore_Street" title="Wigmore Street">Wigmore Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_Anthology_(book)" title="The Beatles Anthology (book)">The Beatles Anthology</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_The_Authorised_Biography" title="The Beatles: The Authorised Biography">The Beatles: The Authorised Biography</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_All_These_Years" title="The Beatles: All These Years">The Beatles: All These Years</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cellarful_of_Noise" title="A Cellarful of Noise">A Cellarful of Noise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I,_Me,_Mine" title="I, Me, Mine">I, Me, Mine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lennon_Remembers" title="Lennon Remembers">Lennon Remembers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney:_Many_Years_from_Now" title="Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now">Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Corps_v_Apple_Computer" title="Apple Corps v Apple Computer">Apple Corps v Apple Computer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_scruffs" title="Apple scruffs">Apple scruffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatle_boot" title="Beatle boot">Beatle boot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_at_Abbey_Road" title="The Beatles at Abbey Road">The Beatles at Abbey Road</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatlesque" title="Beatlesque">Beatlesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_the_Beatles" title="Cultural impact of the Beatles">Cultural impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Beatle" title="Fifth Beatle">Fifth Beatle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Beatles_Day" title="Global Beatles Day">Global Beatles Day</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Images_of_a_Woman" title="Images of a Woman">Images of a Woman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennon%E2%80%93McCartney" title="Lennon–McCartney">Lennon–McCartney</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Paul_is_dead" title="Paul is dead">Paul is dead</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pop_Go_the_Beatles" title="Pop Go the Beatles">Pop Go the Beatles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_practices_of_the_Beatles" title="Recording practices of the Beatles">Recording practices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_double_tracking" title="Automatic double tracking">automatic double tracking</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_Rock_Band" title="The Beatles: Rock Band">The Beatles: Rock Band</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_in_The_Beatles:_Rock_Band" title="List of songs in The Beatles: Rock Band">songs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rutles" title="The Rutles">The Rutles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:The_Beatles" title="Category:The Beatles">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="The_Quarrymen" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Quarrymen" title="Template:The Quarrymen"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Quarrymen" title="Template talk:The Quarrymen"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Quarrymen" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Quarrymen"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Quarrymen" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Quarrymen" title="The Quarrymen">The Quarrymen</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Rod_Davis_(musician)" title="Rod Davis (musician)">Rod Davis</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Len_Garry" title="Len Garry">Len Garry</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Colin_Hanton" title="Colin Hanton">Colin Hanton</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Griffiths" title="Eric Griffiths">Eric Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Shotton" title="Pete Shotton">Pete Shotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Smith_(English_musician)" title="Bill Smith (English musician)">Bill Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Walley" title="Nigel Walley">Nigel Walley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vaughan" title="Ivan Vaughan">Ivan Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lowe_(musician)" title="John Lowe (musician)">John Duff Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Brown_(musician)" title="Ken Brown (musician)">Ken Brown</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stuart Sutcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chas_Newby" title="Chas Newby">Chas Newby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Open_for_Engagements" title="Open for Engagements">Open for Engagements</a></i> <small>(1994)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Get_Back_%E2%80%93_Together" title="Get Back – Together">Get Back – Together</a></i> <small>(1997)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_We_Remember" title="Songs We Remember">Songs We Remember</a></i> <small>(2004)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grey_Album_(Quarrymen_Album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey Album (Quarrymen Album)">Grey Album</a></i> <small>(2012)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live album</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Live At The Halfmoon Pub Putney</i> <small>(2005)</small></li> <li><i>The Quarrymen Live! In Penny Lane</i> <small>(2020)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"Puttin' On the Style"/"<a href="/wiki/Baby,_Let%27s_Play_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby, Let's Play House">Baby, Let's Play House</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That%27ll_Be_the_Day" title="That'll Be the Day">That'll Be the Day</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/In_Spite_of_All_the_Danger" title="In Spite of All the Danger">In Spite of All the Danger</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Come_Go_with_Me" title="Come Go with Me">Come Go with Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Twenty_Flight_Rock" title="Twenty Flight Rock">Twenty Flight Rock</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cayenne_(instrumental)" title="Cayenne (instrumental)">Cayenne</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_Be_Mine_(The_Beatles_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="You'll Be Mine (The Beatles song)">You'll Be Mine</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_bands_featuring_members_of_the_Beatles#John_Lennon,_Paul_McCartney,_George_Harrison" title="List of members of bands featuring members of the Beatles">Members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/The_Quarrymen" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/The Quarrymen">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204218#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204218#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204218#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000076905456">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3274728">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/474931/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmXMxJ7VpB8hXdhpyymVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119165554">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2002015462">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16183394j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16183394j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sutcliffe, Stuart"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0266409&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p239717872">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810653874705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987012370464005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500029949">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/49a51491-650e-44b3-8085-2f07ac2986dd">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/315463">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/143475088">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bk5s3j">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&oldid=1256725096">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Sutcliffe&oldid=1256725096</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Beatles_members" title="Category:The Beatles members">The Beatles members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Musicians_from_Edinburgh" title="Category:Musicians from Edinburgh">Musicians from Edinburgh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Huyton" title="Category:People from Huyton">People from Huyton</a></li><li><a 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