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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Optika" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Optika" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Optika" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Optika" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Optika_klasik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optika_klasik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Optika klasik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Optika_klasik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Optika klasik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Optika_klasik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Optika_Geometris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optika_Geometris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Optika Geometris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optika_Geometris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Optika_Fisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optika_Fisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Optika Fisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optika_Fisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topik_yang_berkaitan_dengan_optik_klasik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topik_yang_berkaitan_dengan_optik_klasik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Topik yang berkaitan dengan optik klasik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topik_yang_berkaitan_dengan_optik_klasik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Optika_modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optika_modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Optika modern</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Optika_modern-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Optika modern</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Optika_modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topik_yang_berkaitan_dengan_optik_modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topik_yang_berkaitan_dengan_optik_modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Topik yang berkaitan dengan optik modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topik_yang_berkaitan_dengan_optik_modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Optik_sehari-hari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optik_sehari-hari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Optik sehari-hari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optik_sehari-hari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bidang_optik_lain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bidang_optik_lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bidang optik lain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bidang_optik_lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Lihat pula</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Masyarakat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masyarakat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Masyarakat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masyarakat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Pranala luar</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buku_teks_dan_tutorial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buku_teks_dan_tutorial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Buku teks dan tutorial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buku_teks_dan_tutorial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masyarakat_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masyarakat_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Masyarakat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masyarakat_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Publikasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Optika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 110 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بصريات – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بصريات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ptica" title="Óptica – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Óptica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="اوپتیکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوپتیکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opt%C4%97ka" title="Optėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Optėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптыка – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Оптыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Оптыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আলোকবিজ্ঞান – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলোকবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B" title="འོད་རིག་པ་ – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འོད་རིག་པ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92ptica" title="Òptica – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Òptica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ئۆپتیک – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆپتیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opteg" title="Opteg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Opteg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Οπτική – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οπτική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics" title="Optics – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Optics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optiko" title="Optiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Optiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ptica" title="Óptica – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Óptica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93tica" title="Ótica – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ótica" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="نورشناسی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نورشناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optiikka" title="Optiikka – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Optiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valgus%C3%B5oppus" title="Valgusõoppus – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Valgusõoppus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optique" title="Optique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Optique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otiche" title="Otiche – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Otiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optaic" title="Optaic – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Optaic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92ptik" title="Òptik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Òptik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ptica" title="Óptica – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Óptica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אופטיקה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אופטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="प्रकाशिकी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रकाशिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Օպտիկա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օպտիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optica" title="Optica – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Optica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optiko" title="Optiko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Optiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lj%C3%B3sfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Ljósfræði – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ljósfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottica" title="Ottica – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ottica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="光学 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="光学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ოპტიკა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოპტიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ದೃಗ್ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದೃಗ್ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%ED%95%99" title="광학 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opt%C3%AEk" title="Optîk – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Optîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optica" title="Optica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Optica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രകാശശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രകാശശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Оптик – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Оптик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93tica" title="Ótica – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ótica" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="अप्तिक्स – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अप्तिक्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optica" title="Optica – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Optica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optikk" title="Optikk – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Optikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optikk" title="Optikk – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Optikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optica" title="Optica – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Optica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optyka" title="Optyka – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Optyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92tica" title="Òtica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Òtica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="د نور فزیک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د نور فزیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ptica" title="Óptica – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Óptica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic%C4%83" title="Optică – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Optică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптіка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Оптіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92ttica" title="Òttica – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Òttica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بصريات – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بصريات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasni%E1%BA%93%E1%B9%9Bi" title="Tasniẓṛi – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasniẓṛi" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ප්‍රකාශ විද්‍යාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රකාශ විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics" title="Optics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Optics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika_(odbor)" title="Optika (odbor) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Optika (odbor)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araga" title="Araga – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Araga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒளியியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒளியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="కాంతి శాస్త్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాంతి శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ทัศนศาสตร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทัศนศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптика – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оптика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بصریات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بصریات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optik" title="Optik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Optik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quang_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Quang học – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quang học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optika" title="Optika – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Optika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngiste" title="Ngiste – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ngiste" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="光学 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="光学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="אפטיק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אפטיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%95%E2%B5%89" title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵥⵕⵉ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵥⵕⵉ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="光学 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="光学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" title="光學 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="光學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezomkhanyizo" title="Ezomkhanyizo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ezomkhanyizo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14620#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan:Optika&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi (halaman belum tersedia) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Optika"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Optika"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Optika" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Optika" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&oldid=25750207" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Optika&id=25750207&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOptika"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOptika"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Optika"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Optika&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Optics" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14620" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Dialihkan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Optik">Optik</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Untuk buku oleh Sir Isaac Newton, lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opticks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opticks (halaman belum tersedia)">Opticks</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Table_of_Opticks,_Cyclopaedia,_Volume_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Table_of_Opticks%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_2.jpg/300px-Table_of_Opticks%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="486" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Table_of_Opticks%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_2.jpg/450px-Table_of_Opticks%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Table_of_Opticks%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_2.jpg/600px-Table_of_Opticks%2C_Cyclopaedia%2C_Volume_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1789" data-file-height="2899" /></a><figcaption>Tabel Opticks, 1728 <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclopaedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclopaedia (halaman belum tersedia)">Cyclopaedia</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Optika</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kata_serapan_dalam_bahasa_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kata serapan dalam bahasa Indonesia">serapan</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda">bahasa Belanda</a>: <span lang="nl"><i>optica</i></span>) adalah cabang <a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">fisika</a> yang menggambarkan perilaku dan sifat <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a> dan interaksi <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Materi" title="Materi">materi</a>. Optika menerangkan dan diwarnai oleh <a href="/wiki/Gejala_optis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gejala optis">gejala optis</a>. Kata <i>optik</i> berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a> <i><span lang="grc" class="polytonic" style="font-family: 'SBL BibLit', 'SBL Greek', Athena, 'EB Garamond 12', 'Foulis Greek', Cardo, 'Gentium Plus', Gentium, Garamond, 'Palatino Linotype', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', FreeSerif, FreeSans, 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Code2000, sans-serif;">ὀπτική</span></i>, yang berarti <i>tampilan</i>. </p><p>Kajian dalam <b>optika</b> umumnya menggambarkan sifat <a href="/wiki/Cahaya_tampak" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahaya tampak">cahaya tampak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inframerah" title="Inframerah">inframerah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a>; tetapi karena <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_elektromagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelombang elektromagnetik">gelombang elektromagnetik</a>, gejala yang sama juga terjadi di <a href="/wiki/Sinar-X" title="Sinar-X">sinar-X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_mikro" title="Gelombang mikro">gelombang mikro</a>, gelombang <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, dan bentuk lain dari <a href="/wiki/Radiasi_elektromagnetik" title="Radiasi elektromagnetik">radiasi elektromagnetik</a> dan juga gejala serupa seperti pada sorotan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partikel_muatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partikel muatan (halaman belum tersedia)">partikel bermuatan</a> (<i>charged beam</i>). Optika secara umum dapat dianggap sebagai bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">keelektromagnetan</a>. Beberapa gejala optis bergantung pada sifat <a href="/wiki/Kuantum" title="Kuantum">kuantum</a> cahaya yang terkait dengan beberapa bidang optika hingga <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">mekanika kuantum</a>. Dalam praktiknya, kebanyakan dari gejala optis dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan sifat elektromagnetik dari <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a>, seperti yang dijelaskan oleh <a href="/wiki/Persamaan_Maxwell" title="Persamaan Maxwell">persamaan Maxwell</a>. </p><p>Bidang optika memiliki identitas, masyarakat, dan konferensinya sendiri. Aspek keilmuannya sering disebut juga <b>fisika optik</b>. Ilmu optik terapan sering disebut rekayasa optik. Aplikasi dari rekayasa optik yang terkait khusus dengan sistem <a href="/wiki/Pencahayaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pencahayaan">iluminasi</a> (iluminasi) disebut rekayasa pencahayaan. </p><p>Setiap disiplin cenderung sedikit berbeda dalam aplikasi, keterampilan teknis, fokus, dan afiliasi profesionalnya. Inovasi lebih baru dalam rekayasa optik sering dikategorikan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Fotonika" title="Fotonika">fotonika</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Optoelektronika" title="Optoelektronika">optoelektronika</a>. Batas-batas antara bidang ini dan "optik" sering tidak jelas, dan istilah yang digunakan berbeda di berbagai belahan dunia dan dalam berbagai bidang industri. </p><p>Karena aplikasi yang luas dari optika di dunia nyata, bidang ilmu optika dan rekayasa optik berkembang menjadi lintas disiplin. Ilmu optika merupakan bagian dari berbagai disiplin terkait, seperti elektrofisika, psikologi, dan kedokteran (khususnya <a href="/wiki/Oftalmologi" title="Oftalmologi">oftalmologi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Optometri" title="Optometri">optometri</a>). Selain itu, penjelasan yang paling lengkap tentang perilaku optis, seperti dijelaskan dalam fisika, tidak selalu rumit untuk kebanyakan masalah, jadi model sederhana dapat digunakan. Model sederhana ini cukup untuk menjelaskan sebagian gejala optis serta mengabaikan perilaku yang tidak relevan dan / atau tidak terdeteksi pada suatu sistem. </p><p>Di ruang bebas suatu gelombang berjalan pada kecepatan c = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7008300000000000000♠"></span>3<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>8</sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">meter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Detik" title="Detik">detik</a>. Ketika memasuki medium tertentu (<i>dielectric</i> atau <i>nonconducting</i>) <a href="/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang">gelombang</a> berjalan dengan suatu kecepatan v, yang mana adalah karakteristik dari bahan dan kurang dari besarnya <a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_cahaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan cahaya">kecepatan cahaya</a> itu sendiri (c). Perbandingan <a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_cahaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan cahaya">kecepatan cahaya</a> di dalam ruang hampa dengan <a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_cahaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan cahaya">kecepatan cahaya</a> di <a href="/wiki/Medium" title="Medium">medium</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Indeks_bias" title="Indeks bias">indeks bias</a> n bahan sebagai berikut: n = <span class="template-frac">c⁄v</span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Optika_klasik">Optika klasik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Optika klasik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Optika klasik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Optika_klasik" title="Optika klasik">Optika klasik</a></div> <p>Sebelum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika_kuantum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optika kuantum (halaman belum tersedia)">optika kuantum</a> menjadi penting, asarnya terdiri dari aplikasi elektromagnetik klasik dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendekatan_frekuensi_tinggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendekatan frekuensi tinggi (halaman belum tersedia)">pendekatan frekuensi tinggi</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a>. Optik klasik terbagi menjadi dua cabang utama: <a href="/wiki/Optika_geometris" title="Optika geometris">optika geometris</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Optika_fisis" title="Optika fisis">optika fisis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optika_Geometris">Optika Geometris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Optika Geometris" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Optika Geometris"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Optika_geometris" title="Optika geometris">Optika geometris</a></div> <p><i>Optika geometris</i>, atau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika_sinar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optika sinar (halaman belum tersedia)">optika sinar</a></i>, menjelaskan propagasi cahaya dalam bentuk "<a href="/wiki/Sinar" title="Sinar">sinar</a>". Sinar dibelokkan di <a href="/wiki/Antarmuka" class="mw-disambig" title="Antarmuka">antarmuka</a> antara dua medium yang berbeda, dan dapat berbentuk kurva di dalam <a href="/wiki/Medium" title="Medium">medium</a> yang mana indeks-refraksinya merupakan fungsi dari posisi. "Sinar" dalam optik geometris merupakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Objek_abstrak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objek abstrak (halaman belum tersedia)">objek abstrak</a>, atau "<a href="/wiki/Instrumen" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrumen">instrumen</a>", yang sejajar dengan <a href="/wiki/Muka_gelombang" title="Muka gelombang">muka gelombang</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang">gelombang</a> optis sebenarnya. Optik geometris menyediakan aturan untuk penyebaran <a href="/wiki/Sinar" title="Sinar">sinar</a> ini melalui sistem optis, yang menunjukkan bagaimana sebenarnya muka gelombang akan menyebar. Ini adalah penyederhanaan optik yang signifikan, dan gagal untuk memperhitungkan banyak efek optis penting seperti <a href="/wiki/Difraksi" title="Difraksi">difraksi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Polarisasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarisasi">polarisasi</a>. Namun hal ini merupakan pendekatan yang baik, jika panjang <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_cahaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelombang cahaya">gelombang cahaya</a> tersebut sangat kecil dibandingkan dengan ukuran struktur yang berinteraksi dengannya. Optik geometris dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan aspek geometris dari penggambaran <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a> (imaging), termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aberasi_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aberasi optis (halaman belum tersedia)">aberasi optis</a>. </p><p>Optika geometris sering disederhanakan lebih lanjut oleh <a href="/wiki/Pendekatan_paraksial" title="Pendekatan paraksial">pendekatan paraksial</a>, atau "pendekatan sudut kecil." Perilaku matematika yang kemudian menjadi linear, memungkinkan komponen dan sistem optis dijelaskan dalam bentuk matrik sederhana. Ini mengarah kepada teknik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik_Gauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optik Gauss (halaman belum tersedia)">optik Gauss</a> dan <i>penelusuran sinar paraksial</i>, yang digunakan untuk order pertama dari sistem optis, misalnya memperkirakan posisi dan magnifikasi dari gambar dan objek. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propagasi_sorotan_Gauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propagasi sorotan Gauss (halaman belum tersedia)">Propagasi sorotan Gauss</a> merupakan perluasan dari optik paraksial yang menyediakan model lebih akurat dari radiasi koheren seperti sorotan <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a>. Walaupun masih menggunakan pendekatan paraksial, teknik ini memperhitungkan <a href="/wiki/Difraksi" title="Difraksi">difraksi</a>, dan memungkinkan perhitungan pembesaran <a href="/wiki/Sinar" title="Sinar">sinar</a> <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> yang sebanding dengan jarak, serta ukuran minimum sorotan yang dapat terfokus. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propagasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propagasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Propagasi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorotan_Gauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorotan Gauss (halaman belum tersedia)">sorotan Gauss</a> menjembatani kesenjangan antara optik geometris dan fisik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optika_Fisis">Optika Fisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Optika Fisis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Optika Fisis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Optika_fisis" title="Optika fisis">Optika fisis</a></div> <p><i>Optika fisis</i> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika_gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optika gelombang (halaman belum tersedia)">optika gelombang</a> membentuk <a href="/wiki/Prinsip_Huygens" title="Prinsip Huygens">prinsip Huygens</a> dan memodelkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propagasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propagasi (halaman belum tersedia)">propagasi</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Muka_gelombang" title="Muka gelombang">muka gelombang</a> kompleks melalui sistem optis, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Amplitudo" title="Amplitudo">amplitudo</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fase" class="mw-disambig" title="Fase">fase</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang">gelombang</a>. Teknik ini, yang biasanya diterapkan secara numerik pada komputer, dapat menghitung efek <a href="/wiki/Difraksi" title="Difraksi">difraksi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interferensi" title="Interferensi">interferensi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polarisasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarisasi">polarisasi</a>, serta efek kompleks lain. Akan tetapi pada umumnya aproksimasi masih digunakan, sehingga tidak secara lengkap memodelkan teori <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_elektromagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelombang elektromagnetik">gelombang elektromagnetik</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propagasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propagasi (halaman belum tersedia)">propagasi</a> <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a>. Model lengkap tersebut jauh lebih menuntut komputasi, akan tetapi dapat digunakan untuk memecahkan permasalahan kecil yang memerlukan pemecahan lebih akurat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topik_yang_berkaitan_dengan_optik_klasik">Topik yang berkaitan dengan optik klasik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Topik yang berkaitan dengan optik klasik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Topik yang berkaitan dengan optik klasik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilangan_Abbe" title="Bilangan Abbe">Bilangan Abbe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aberasi_sistem_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aberasi sistem optis (halaman belum tersedia)">Aberasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">Cahaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difraksi" title="Difraksi">Difraksi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Difraksi_kisi-kisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Difraksi kisi-kisi (halaman belum tersedia)">Difraksi kisi-kisi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispersi" title="Dispersi">Dispersi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distorsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Distorsi">Distorsi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabrikasi_dan_pengujian_(komponen_optis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabrikasi dan pengujian (komponen optis) (halaman belum tersedia)">Fabrikasi dan pengujian (komponen optis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Snellius" title="Hukum Snellius">Hukum Snellius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koherensi" title="Koherensi">Koherensi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persamaan_Fresnel" title="Persamaan Fresnel">Persamaan Fresnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prinsip_Fermat" title="Prinsip Fermat">Prinsip Fermat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prinsip_Huygens" title="Prinsip Huygens">Prinsip Huygens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik_Fourier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optik Fourier (halaman belum tersedia)">Optik Fourier</a></li> <li>Optik geometris dari: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lensa" title="Lensa">Lensa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cermin" title="Cermin">Cermin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrumen_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instrumen optis (halaman belum tersedia)">Instrumen optis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisma" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Prisma">Prisma</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik_indeks_gradasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optik indeks gradasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Optik indeks gradasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_optik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah optik (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah optik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferometri" title="Interferometri">Interferometri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desain_lensa_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desain lensa optis (halaman belum tersedia)">Desain lensa optis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolusi_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resolusi optis (halaman belum tersedia)">Resolusi optis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotografi_(ilmu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotografi (ilmu) (halaman belum tersedia)">Fotografi (ilmu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarisasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarisasi">Polarisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinar" title="Sinar">Sinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelusuran_sinar" title="Penelusuran sinar">Penelusuran sinar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemantulan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemantulan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemantulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembiasan" title="Pembiasan">Pembiasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyebaran" title="Penyebaran">Penyebaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektrum" title="Spektrum">Spektrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang">Gelombang</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Light_dispersion_conceptual.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Light_dispersion_conceptual.gif/220px-Light_dispersion_conceptual.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Light_dispersion_conceptual.gif/330px-Light_dispersion_conceptual.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Light_dispersion_conceptual.gif/440px-Light_dispersion_conceptual.gif 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>Animasi konsep <a href="/wiki/Dispersi" title="Dispersi">dispersi</a> cahaya pada <a href="/wiki/Prisma" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Prisma">prisma</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Optika_modern">Optika modern</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Optika modern" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Optika modern"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Optika modern</i> meliputi bidang ilmu dan rekayasa optik yang menjadi terkenal pada abad ke 20. Bidang-bidang ilmu optik ini biasanya berhubungan dengan elektromagnetik atau sifat kuantum dari cahaya tetapi tidak termasuk topik lain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topik_yang_berkaitan_dengan_optik_modern">Topik yang berkaitan dengan optik modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Topik yang berkaitan dengan optik modern" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Topik yang berkaitan dengan optik modern"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optik_adaptif" title="Optik adaptif">Optik adaptif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dikroisme_lingkar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dikroisme lingkar (halaman belum tersedia)">Dikroisme lingkar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik_kristal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optik kristal (halaman belum tersedia)">Optik kristal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik_difraksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optik difraksi (halaman belum tersedia)">Optik difraksi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik_serat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optik serat (halaman belum tersedia)">Optik serat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panduan_gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panduan gelombang (halaman belum tersedia)">Panduan gelombang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holografi" title="Holografi">Holografi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik_terpadu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optik terpadu (halaman belum tersedia)">Optik terpadu</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalkulus_Jones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalkulus Jones (halaman belum tersedia)">Kalkulus Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">Laser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suar_lensa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suar lensa (halaman belum tersedia)">Suar lensa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_mikro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa mikro (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa mikro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik_non-imaging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optik non-imaging (halaman belum tersedia)">Optik non-imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik_taklinear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optik taklinear (halaman belum tersedia)">Optik taklinear</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengenalan_citra_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengenalan citra optis (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengenalan citra optis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prosesor_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prosesor optis (halaman belum tersedia)">Prosesor optis</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusaran_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusaran optis (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusaran optis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotometri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotometri (halaman belum tersedia)">Fotometri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotonika" title="Fotonika">Fotonika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optik_kuantum" title="Optik kuantum">Optik kuantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiometri" title="Radiometri">Radiometri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik_statistik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optik statistik (halaman belum tersedia)">Optik statistik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik_lapisan_tipis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optik lapisan tipis (halaman belum tersedia)">Optik lapisan tipis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optik_sinar-X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optik sinar-X (halaman belum tersedia)">Optik sinar-X</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Optik_sehari-hari">Optik sehari-hari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Optik sehari-hari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Optik sehari-hari"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Optik adalah bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari. <a href="/wiki/Pelangi" title="Pelangi">Pelangi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bayangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayangan">bayangan</a> adalah contoh gejala optis. Banyak orang mendapat manfaat dari <a href="/wiki/Kacamata" title="Kacamata">kacamata</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Lensa_kontak" title="Lensa kontak">lensa kontak</a>, dan optik digunakan di banyak barang konsumen termasuk <a href="/wiki/Kamera" title="Kamera">kamera</a>. Superimposisi dari struktur periodik, misalnya tisu transparan dengan struktur kisi, menghasilkan bentuk yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pola_moir%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pola moiré (halaman belum tersedia)">pola moiré</a>. Superimposisi dari pola periodik transparan yang terdiri garis atau kurva buram paralel memproduksi pola <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_moir%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis moiré (halaman belum tersedia)">garis moiré</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bidang_optik_lain">Bidang optik lain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Bidang optik lain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bidang optik lain"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_warna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu warna (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu warna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengolahan_citra" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengolahan citra">Pengolahan citra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_informasi" title="Teori informasi">Teori informasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencahayaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pencahayaan">Pencahayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visi_mesin" class="mw-redirect" title="Visi mesin">Visi mesin</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komunikasi_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komunikasi optis (halaman belum tersedia)">Komunikasi optis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komputer_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komputer optis (halaman belum tersedia)">Komputer optis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piringan_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piringan optis (halaman belum tersedia)">Penyimpanan data optis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpan_balik_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umpan balik optis (halaman belum tersedia)">Umpan balik optis</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengenalan_pola" title="Pengenalan pola">Pengenalan pola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transfer_panas_radiatif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transfer panas radiatif (halaman belum tersedia)">Transfer panas radiatif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_panas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika panas (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika panas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_visual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem visual (halaman belum tersedia)">Sistem visual</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_optik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah optik (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah optik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_topik_optik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar topik optik (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar topik optik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_publikasi_dalam_fisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar publikasi dalam fisika (halaman belum tersedia)">Publikasi penting dalam bidang optik</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparensi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparensi (halaman belum tersedia)">Transparensi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilusi_optis" title="Ilusi optis">Ilusi optis</a></li> <li><i>Optics</i>, buku oleh <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optisian" class="mw-redirect" title="Optisian">Optisian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teleskop_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teleskop optis (halaman belum tersedia)">Teleskop optis</a></li> <li>Perawatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti_kabut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti kabut (halaman belum tersedia)">Anti kabut</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masyarakat">Masyarakat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Masyarakat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Masyarakat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optical_Society_of_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optical Society of America (halaman belum tersedia)">Optical Society of America</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SPIE_-_The_International_Society_for_Optical_Engineering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering (halaman belum tersedia)">SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="33%" align="left" valign="top" style="padding-left:;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Optical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Optical Society (halaman belum tersedia)">European Optical Society</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Born, Max;Wolf, Emil. <i>Principles of Optics (7th ed.)</i>. Pergamon Press, 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Optics+%287th+ed.%29&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press%2C+1999&rft.au=Born%2C+Max%3BWolf%2C+Emil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOptika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hecht, Eugene (2001). <i>Optics (4th ed.)</i>. Pearson Education. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8053-8566-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8053-8566-5">0-8053-8566-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Optics+%284th+ed.%29&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8053-8566-5&rft.au=Hecht%2C+Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOptika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Serway, Raymond A.; Jewett, John W. (2004). <i>Physics for Scientists and Engineers (6th ed.)</i>. Brooks/Cole. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-534-40842-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-534-40842-7">0-534-40842-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physics+for+Scientists+and+Engineers+%286th+ed.%29&rft.pub=Brooks%2FCole&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-534-40842-7&rft.au=Serway%2C+Raymond+A.%3B+Jewett%2C+John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOptika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Tipler, Paul (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/physicsforscient0002tipl"><i>Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Electricity, Magnetism, Light, and Elementary Modern Physics (5th ed.)</i></a>. W. H. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7167-0810-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7167-0810-8">0-7167-0810-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physics+for+Scientists+and+Engineers%3A+Electricity%2C+Magnetism%2C+Light%2C+and+Elementary+Modern+Physics+%285th+ed.%29&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7167-0810-8&rft.au=Tipler%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphysicsforscient0002tipl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOptika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Lipson, Stephen G. (1995). <i>Optical Physics (3rd ed.)</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-5214-3631-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-5214-3631-1">0-5214-3631-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Optical+Physics++%283rd+ed.%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-5214-3631-1&rft.au=Lipson%2C+Stephen+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOptika" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a 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class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Optics"><span style="">Optics</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buku_teks_dan_tutorial">Buku teks dan tutorial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Buku teks dan tutorial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Buku teks dan tutorial"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lightandmatter.com/area1book5.html">Optics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050622052219/http://www.lightandmatter.com/area1book5.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2005-06-22 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. — buku teks open-source tentang Optik</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.optics2001.com">Optics2001</a> — Perpustakaan dan komunitas optik</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masyarakat_2">Masyarakat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Masyarakat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Masyarakat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myeos.org">European Optical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osa.org">Optical Society of America</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osiindia.org">Optical Society of India</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spie.org">SPIE</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publikasi">Publikasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Publikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Publikasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photonics_Spectra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photonics Spectra (halaman belum tersedia)">Photonics Spectra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laser_Focus_World&action=edit&redlink=1" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fisika_atomik,_molekul,_dan_optik" title="Fisika atomik, molekul, dan optik">Fisika atomik,<br />molekul, dan optik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_atom" title="Fisika atom">Fisika atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_molekuler" title="Fisika molekuler">Fisika molekuler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Optika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotonika" title="Fotonika">Fotonika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika_kuantum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optika kuantum (halaman belum tersedia)">Optika kuantum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kosmologi_fisik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmologi fisik">Kosmologi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika">Astrofisika</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrofisika_nuklir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrofisika nuklir (halaman belum tersedia)">Nuklir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_benda_langit" title="Mekanika benda langit">Mekanika benda langit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_matahari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika matahari (halaman belum tersedia)">Matahari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_luar_angkasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika luar angkasa (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisika luar angkasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antardisiplin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrofisika" title="Agrofisika">Agrofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">Biofisika</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_medis" title="Fisika medis">Medis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurofisika" title="Neurofisika">Fisika saraf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknik_fisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknik fisika (halaman belum tersedia)">Teknik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geofisika" title="Geofisika">Geofisika</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_atmosfer" title="Fisika atmosfer">Atmosfer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisika_awan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisika awan (halaman belum tersedia)">Awan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_matematis" title="Fisika matematis">Matematis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_fisik" title="Kimia fisik">Kimia fisik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oseanografi_fisik" title="Oseanografi fisik">Oseanografi fisik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komputer_kuantum" title="Komputer 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