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class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Lensa" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Lensa" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Lensa" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Lensa" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Konstruksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konstruksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Konstruksi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Konstruksi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Konstruksi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Konstruksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lensa_sederhana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_sederhana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Lensa sederhana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_sederhana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lensa_cembung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_cembung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Lensa cembung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_cembung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensa_cekung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_cekung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Lensa cekung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_cekung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensa_meniskus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_meniskus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Lensa meniskus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_meniskus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensa_tipis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_tipis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Lensa tipis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_tipis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensa_asperis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_asperis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Lensa asperis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_asperis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensa_aksikon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_aksikon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Lensa aksikon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_aksikon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensa_Fresnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_Fresnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Lensa Fresnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_Fresnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensa_fotokromik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_fotokromik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Lensa fotokromik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_fotokromik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensa_silindris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_silindris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Lensa silindris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_silindris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensa_komposit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_komposit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Lensa komposit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_komposit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lensa_doublet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_doublet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>Lensa doublet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_doublet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensa_Barlow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_Barlow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>Lensa Barlow</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_Barlow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensa_Cooke_triplet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_Cooke_triplet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.3</span> <span>Lensa Cooke triplet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_Cooke_triplet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensa_Dialyt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_Dialyt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.4</span> <span>Lensa Dialyt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_Dialyt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bacaan lain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simulasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simulasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Simulasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simulasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lensa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 97 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens" title="Lens – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lens" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9D%E1%88%B5%E1%88%AE" title="ምስሮ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ምስሮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_(%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="عدسة (بصريات) – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عدسة (بصريات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente" title="Lente – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lente" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linza" title="Linza – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Linza" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Лінза – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лінза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Лінза – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лінза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Леща (оптика) – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Леща (оптика)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="लेंस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लेंस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="লেন্স – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লেন্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%87a_(optika)" title="Leća (optika) – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Leća (optika)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lent" title="Lent – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lent" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%B2" title="لێنز – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لێنز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Co%C4%8Dka_(optika)" title="Čočka (optika) – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čočka (optika)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optisk_linse" title="Optisk linse – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Optisk linse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linse_(Optik)" title="Linse (Optik) – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Linse (Optik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optik)" title="Lens (optik) – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Lens (optik)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linsa_(optika)" title="Linsa (optika) – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Linsa (optika)" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Φακός – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φακός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens" title="Lens – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lens" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenso_(optiko)" title="Lenso (optiko) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lenso (optiko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente" title="Lente – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ts" title="Lääts – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lääts" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiar" title="Leiar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Leiar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="عدسی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عدسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linssi_(optiikka)" title="Linssi (optiikka) – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Linssi (optiikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentille_optique" title="Lentille optique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lentille optique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lins_(Optik)" title="Lins (Optik) – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Lins (Optik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lins_(optyk)" title="Lins (optyk) – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lins (optyk)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionsa_(optaic)" title="Lionsa (optaic) – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lionsa (optaic)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E9%8F%A1" title="透鏡 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="透鏡" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanti_optik" title="Lanti optik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanti optik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_(%C3%B3ptica)" title="Lente (óptica) – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lente (óptica)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94" title="עדשה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עדשה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="लेंस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लेंस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%87a_(optika)" title="Leća (optika) – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Leća (optika)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%B3%C4%8Dka_(optika)" title="Čóčka (optika) – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čóčka (optika)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantiy" title="Lantiy – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lantiy" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optikai_lencse" title="Optikai lencse – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Optikai lencse" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ոսպնյակներ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ոսպնյակներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenso" title="Lenso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lenso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linsa" title="Linsa – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Linsa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente" title="Lente – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" title="レンズ – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レンズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz" title="Lenz – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Lenz" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nsa" title="Lènsa – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lènsa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Линза – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Линза" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88" title="렌즈 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="렌즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Линза – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Линза" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenta_(ottica)" title="Lenta (ottica) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lenta (ottica)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%99%C5%A1is_(optika)" title="Lęšis (optika) – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lęšis (optika)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%93ca" title="Lēca – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lēca" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%9C%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Леќа (оптика) – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Леќа (оптика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ലെൻസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലെൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7" title="Линз – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Линз" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanta" title="Kanta – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kanta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="कन्भेक्स लेन्स – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कन्भेक्स लेन्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optica)" title="Lens (optica) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lens (optica)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optisk_linse" title="Optisk linse – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Optisk linse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optisk_linse" title="Optisk linse – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Optisk linse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doo%27innee" title="Doo'innee – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Doo'innee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਲੈੱਨਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੈੱਨਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soczewka" title="Soczewka – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Soczewka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lent" title="Lent – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lent" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente" title="Lente – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linti" title="Linti – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Linti" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentil%C4%83_(optic%C4%83)" title="Lentilă (optică) – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lentilă (optică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Линза – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Линза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenti" title="Lenti – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lenti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%BD%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="اپٽيل بلور – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اپٽيل بلور" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%87a" title="Leća – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Leća" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A0" title="කාච – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාච" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics)" title="Lens (optics) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lens (optics)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0o%C5%A1ovka_(optika)" title="Šošovka (optika) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šošovka (optika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%8Da_(optika)" title="Leča (optika) – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Leča (optika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thjerra_optike" title="Thjerra optike – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Thjerra optike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Сочиво (оптика) – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сочиво (оптика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9nsa" title="Lénsa – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lénsa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lins" title="Lins – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lins" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenzi" title="Lenzi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lenzi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="வில்லை (ஒளியியல்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லை (ஒளியியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81)" title="కటకము (వస్తువు) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కటకము (వస్తువు)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Линза – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Линза" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="เลนส์ (ทัศนศาสตร์) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลนส์ (ทัศนศาสตร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_(optika)" title="Lente (optika) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lente (optika)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercek" title="Mercek – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mercek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Линза – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Линза" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Лінза – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лінза" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%81_(%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="عدسہ (بصریات) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عدسہ (بصریات)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linza" title="Linza – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Linza" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A5u_k%C3%ADnh" title="Thấu kính – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thấu kính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente" title="Lente – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lente" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E9%95%9C" title="透镜 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="透镜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%96" title="לינדז – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לינדז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E9%95%9C" title="透镜 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="透镜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0u-ki%C3%A0%E2%81%BF" title="Thàu-kiàⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thàu-kiàⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E9%8F%A1" title="透鏡 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="透鏡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q768575#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lensa" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Lensa" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lensa"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lensa"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Lensa" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Lensa" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&oldid=26436054" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Lensa&id=26436054&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLensa"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLensa"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Lensa"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lensa&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lenses" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q768575" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:BiconvexLens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/BiconvexLens.jpg/180px-BiconvexLens.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/BiconvexLens.jpg/270px-BiconvexLens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/BiconvexLens.jpg/360px-BiconvexLens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Lensa cembung</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lensa</b> atau <b>kanta</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adalah alat untuk mengumpulkan atau menyebarkan <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a>, biasanya dibentuk dari sepotong kaca yang dibentuk. Alat sejenis digunakan dengan jenis lain dari <a href="/wiki/Radiasi_elektromagnetik" title="Radiasi elektromagnetik">radiasi elektromagnetik</a> juga disebut lensa, misalnya, sebuah lensa <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_mikro" title="Gelombang mikro">gelombang mikro</a> dapat dibuat dari <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraffin_wax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraffin wax (halaman belum tersedia)">paraffin wax</a></i>. </p><p>Lensa paling awal tercatat di <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" title="Yunani Kuno">Yunani Kuno</a>, dengan sandiwara <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Clouds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Clouds (halaman belum tersedia)">The Clouds</a> (<a href="/wiki/424_SM" class="mw-redirect" title="424 SM">424 SM</a>) menyebutkan sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelas-pembakar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelas-pembakar (halaman belum tersedia)">kaca-pembakar</a> (sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_cembung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa cembung (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa cembung</a> digunakan untuk memfokuskan cahaya matahari untuk menciptakan api). </p><p>Tulisan <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> (<a href="/wiki/23" class="mw-redirect" title="23">23</a>-<a href="/wiki/79" class="mw-redirect" title="79">79</a>) juga menunjukan bahwa gelas-pembakar juga dikenal <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Roma">Kekaisaran Roma</a>, dan disebut juga apa yang kemungkinan adalah sebuah penggunaan pertama dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_pembetul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa pembetul (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa pembetul</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a> juga diketahui menonton <a href="/wiki/Gladiator" title="Gladiator">gladiator</a> melalui sebuah <a href="/wiki/Zamrud" title="Zamrud">zamrud</a> berbentuk cekung (kemungkinan untuk memperbaiki <a href="/wiki/Myopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Myopia">myopia</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca the Younger</a> (<a href="/wiki/3_SM" class="mw-redirect" title="3 SM">3 SM</a> - <a href="/wiki/65" class="mw-redirect" title="65">65</a>) menjelaskan efek pembesaran dari sebuah gelas bulat yang diisi oleh <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a>. Matematikawan <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">muslim</a> berkebangsaan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Arab">Arab</a> <a href="/wiki/Alhazen" class="mw-redirect" title="Alhazen">Alhazen (Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham)</a>, (<a href="/wiki/965" title="965">965</a>-<a href="/wiki/1038" title="1038">1038</a>) menulis teori optikal pertama dan utama yang menjelaskan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Lensa_mata" title="Lensa mata">lensa</a> di <a href="/wiki/Mata" title="Mata">mata</a> manusia membentuk sebuah gambar di <a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retina</a>. Penyebaran penggunaan lensa tidak terjadi sampai penemuan <a href="/wiki/Kacamata" title="Kacamata">kacamata</a>, mungkin di <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> pada <a href="/wiki/1280-an" title="1280-an">1280-an</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konstruksi">Konstruksi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Konstruksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Konstruksi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Konstruksi lensa yang paling umum adalah <b>lensa speris</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i><b>spherical lens</b></i>), yaitu lensa dengan bidang <a href="/wiki/Antarmuka" class="mw-disambig" title="Antarmuka">antarmuka</a> yang melengkung speris (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i>spherical curvature</i>), yaitu kelengkungan bidang permukaan bola dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radius_speris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radius speris (halaman belum tersedia)">radius speris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i>radius of curvature</i>) tertentu. Notasi radius yang digunakan adalah R, akan bernilai positif saat <a href="/wiki/Antarmuka" class="mw-disambig" title="Antarmuka">antarmuka</a> melengkung keluar menjauhi titik pusat lensa dan disebut antarmuka cembung (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i>convex</i>). Notasi negatif akan digunakan untuk antarmuka cekung (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i>concave</i>) yang melengkung ke dalam mendekati titik pusat lensa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lensa_sederhana"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_sederhana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa sederhana (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa sederhana</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa sederhana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa sederhana"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lens_shapes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lens_shapes.svg/360px-Lens_shapes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lens_shapes.svg/540px-Lens_shapes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lens_shapes.svg/720px-Lens_shapes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption><b>1</b> - Symmetrical double convex lens.<br /><b>2</b> - Asymmetrical double-convex lens<br /><b>3</b> - Plano- convex lens.<br /><b>4</b> - Positive meniscus lens.<br /><b>5</b> - Symmetrical biconcave lens.<br /><b>6</b> - Asymmetrical biconcave lens.<br /><b>7</b> - Plano-concave lens.<br /><b>8</b> - Negative meniscus lens.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lensa sederhana</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i><b>simple lens</b></i>, <i><b>singlet lens</b></i>) atau sering disebut <b>lensa</b> saja adalah sebuah lensa tunggal speris. </p><p>Lensa sederhana dibedakan berdasarkan kelengkungan kedua bidang antarmukanya. Sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_cembung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa cembung (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa cembung</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i>biconvex lens</i>) mempunyai dua bidang antarmuka yang cembung, lensa dengan dua bidang cekung disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_cekung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa cekung (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa cekung</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i>biconcave lens</i>). Jika salah satu bidang antarmuka datar (mempunyai radius yang tak berhingga), maka lensa tersebut disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_plano_cembung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa plano cembung (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa plano cembung</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_plano_cekung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa plano cekung (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa plano cekung</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_cembung_cekung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa cembung cekung (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa cembung cekung</a> mempunyai satu bidang antarmuka cekung dan satu bidang antarmuka cembung, juga sering disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_meniskus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa meniskus (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa meniskus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i>meniscus lens</i>). </p><p>Lensa sederhana sangat rentan terhadap aberasi kromatik dan aberasi optis lainnya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lensa_cembung"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_cembung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa cembung (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa cembung</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa cembung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa cembung"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lens3b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lens3b.svg/360px-Lens3b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lens3b.svg/540px-Lens3b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lens3b.svg/720px-Lens3b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption>Diagram penelusuran sinar untuk sebuah lensa konvergen</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lens1b.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lens1b.png/220px-Lens1b.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lens1b.png/330px-Lens1b.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lens1b.png/440px-Lens1b.png 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption>Lensa cekung</figcaption></figure> <p>Lensa cembung adalah jenis lensa yang memiliki bagian tengah yang lebih tebal dibandingkan bagian pinggir lensanya. Pada lensa cembung, sinar yang merambat melalui kedua antarmuka akan dibiaskan (terfokus) menuju ke satu titik pada sumbu optis lensa, yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Jarak_fokus" title="Jarak fokus">jarak fokus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i>focal length</i>). Lensa cembung dalam bahasa Inggris juga disebut <i>positive lens</i> atau <i>converging lens</i>. Lensa cembung membentuk <i>focal point</i> pada sisi berlawanan dengan persamaan <i>lens maker</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-hecht_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hecht-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{S_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{S_{2}}}={\frac {1}{f}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>f</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{S_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{S_{2}}}={\frac {1}{f}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3d5471b983b47c062376f96c793d2a5fb8b04761" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:14.684ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{S_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{S_{2}}}={\frac {1}{f}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>di mana: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1143e284d5f25cef778ab482edf6617a523ddd9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.479ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{2}}"></span> adalah jarak <a href="/wiki/Citra" title="Citra">citra</a> dan sesuai konvensi, bernilai negatif pada sisi yang sama dengan subyek<sup id="cite_ref-hecht_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hecht-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span> adalah 'rentang vokal, bernilai negatif untuk lensa cekung</li></ul> <p>dan persamaan magnifikasi lensa: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M=-{\frac {S_{2}}{S_{1}}}={\frac {f}{f-S_{1}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M=-{\frac {S_{2}}{S_{1}}}={\frac {f}{f-S_{1}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9ba81b22aed933e15e889507aa5b4a3f5d6bc0fd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:21.197ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M=-{\frac {S_{2}}{S_{1}}}={\frac {f}{f-S_{1}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Lensa cembung bersifat konvergen dan nilai fokusnya positif. </p><p>Lensa cembung (bernilai positif atau konvers) terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu: </p> <ul><li>Cermin cembung (bikonveks)</li> <li>Cembung datar (plankonveks)</li> <li>Cembung cekung (konkaf–konveks)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lensa_cekung"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_cekung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa cekung (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa cekung</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa cekung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa cekung"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lensa cekung adalah jenis lensa yang memiliki bagian tengah yang lebih tipis dibandingkan bagian pinggir lensanya. Pada lensa cekung, sinar cahaya yang merambat akan dibiaskan menjauhi dari <a href="/wiki/Sumbu_optis" title="Sumbu optis">sumbu optis lensa</a> ke arah pinggir lensa dengan proyeksi imajiner sinar menuju ke satu titik, seperti pada gambar. </p><p>Lensa cekung bersifat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divergen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divergen (halaman belum tersedia)">divergen</a> atau dengan kata lain menyebarkan berkas sinar cahaya dan titik fokus lensa cekung terletak pada sisi yang sama dengan berkas sinar cahaya sehingga titik fokus lensa cekung memiliki sifat mata atau semu dan nilai fokusnya negatif. </p><p>Lensa cekung (bernilai negatif atau konkaf) terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu: </p> <ul><li>Cermin cekung (bikonkaf)</li> <li>Cekung datar (plankonkaf)</li> <li>Cembung cekung(konveks–konkaf)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ruang Benda</th> <th>Ruang Bayangan</th> <th>Letak bayangan</th> <th>Sifat bayangan </th></tr> <tr> <td>I</td> <td>IV</td> <td>depan</td> <td>maya, tegak, diperbesar </td></tr> <tr> <td>II</td> <td>III</td> <td>belakang</td> <td>nyata, terbalik, diperbesar </td></tr> <tr> <td>III</td> <td>II</td> <td>belakang</td> <td>nyata, terbalik, diperkecil </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV</td> <td>I</td> <td>depan</td> <td>maya, tegak, diperkecil </td></tr> <tr> <td>f</td> <td>~</td> <td>-</td> <td>tidak terbentuk bayangan </td></tr> <tr> <td>R</td> <td>R</td> <td>belakang</td> <td>nyata, terbalik, sama besar </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lensa_meniskus"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_meniskus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa meniskus (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa meniskus</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa meniskus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa meniskus"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lensa meniskus (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i><b>meniscus lens</b></i>, <i><b>ophthalmic lens</b></i>) atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_cembung_cekung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa cembung cekung (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa cembung cekung</a>, dapat berupa lensa positif atau negatif yang bergantung pada radius speris kedua bidang antarmuka. Pada nilai radius speris yang sama besar, sinar yang merambat tidak akan dibiaskan. Lensa meniskus positif akan membiaskan sinar seperti lensa cembung, lensa ini mempunyai bidang antarmuka cembung dengan radius speris yang lebih kecil. Sebaliknya lensa meniskus negatif mempunyai bidang antarmuka cekung dengan radius speris yang lebih kecil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lensa_tipis"><a href="/wiki/Lensa_tipis" title="Lensa tipis">Lensa tipis</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa tipis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa tipis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Lensa tipis</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i><b>thin lens</b></i>) adalah sebuah lensa dengan ketebalan yang sangat kecil jika dibandingkan dengan nilai <a href="/wiki/Jarak_fokus" title="Jarak fokus">jarak fokusnya</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lensa_asperis"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_asperis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa asperis (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa asperis</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa asperis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa asperis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pfeilh%C3%B6he.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pfeilh%C3%B6he.svg/220px-Pfeilh%C3%B6he.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pfeilh%C3%B6he.svg/330px-Pfeilh%C3%B6he.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pfeilh%C3%B6he.svg/440px-Pfeilh%C3%B6he.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah lensa cembung asperis.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Fresnel_lens.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fresnel_lens.svg/220px-Fresnel_lens.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fresnel_lens.svg/330px-Fresnel_lens.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fresnel_lens.svg/440px-Fresnel_lens.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>1: Penampang lensa Fresnel<br />2: Penampang lensa plano konveks dengan daya yang sama</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lensa asperis</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i><b>aspheric lens</b></i>, <i><b>asphere</b></i>) yang mempunyai bidang antarmuka dengan kelengkungan bidang yang bukan merupakan bidang permukaan bola. Sebuah lensa asperis dapat mengurangi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aberasi_speris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aberasi speris (halaman belum tersedia)">aberasi speris</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aberasi_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aberasi optis (halaman belum tersedia)">aberasi optis</a> lainnya, atau menggantikan kinerja beberapa jajaran lensa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lensa_aksikon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_aksikon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa aksikon (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa aksikon</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa aksikon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa aksikon"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Lensa aksikon</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i><b>axicon lens</b></i>) adalah lensa dengan bidang antarmuka berbentuk kerucut. Lensa aksikon akan memproyeksikan sebuah titik menjadi garis sepanjang sumbu optis, dan mengubah sinar <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> menjadi bentuk cincin.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lensa ini dapat dipergunakan untuk mengubah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorot_Gauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorot Gauss (halaman belum tersedia)">sorot Gauss</a> menjadi seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorot_Bessel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorot Bessel (halaman belum tersedia)">sorot Bessel</a> dengan efek <a href="/wiki/Difraksi" title="Difraksi">difraksi</a> yang sangat kecil.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lensa_Fresnel"><a href="/wiki/Lensa_Fresnel" title="Lensa Fresnel">Lensa Fresnel</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa Fresnel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa Fresnel"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Lensa Fresnel</b> adalah sebuah lensa yang dikembangkan oleh seorang fisikawan berkebangsaan Prancis, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustin_Jean_Fresnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustin Jean Fresnel (halaman belum tersedia)">Augustin Jean Fresnel</a> untuk aplikasi pada <a href="/wiki/Mercusuar" title="Mercusuar">mercusuar</a>. Konstruksi lensa didesain dengan panjang fokus yang pendek, jarak fokus tak terhingga dan tebal lensa yang sangat tipis jika dibandingkan dengan lensa konvensional, agar dapat melewatkan lebih banyak <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a> sehingga lampu mercusuar dapat terlihat dari jarak yang lebih jauh. </p><p>Menurut majalah Smithsonian, lensa Fresnel yang pertama digunakan pada tahun 1823 pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercusuar_Cordouan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercusuar Cordouan (halaman belum tersedia)">mercusuar Cordouan</a> di tanjung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muara_Gironde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muara Gironde (halaman belum tersedia)">muara Gironde</a>, sinar cahaya yang dipancarkan mampu terlihat dari jarak 20 mil (32 km).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seorang fisikawan <a href="/wiki/Skotlandia" title="Skotlandia">Skotlandia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_David_Brewster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir David Brewster (halaman belum tersedia)">Sir David Brewster</a>, memperkenalkan lensa ini untuk digunakan pada seluruh mercusuar di daratan <a href="/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris">Inggris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebelum lensa Fresnel ditemukan, ide untuk membuat lensa yang lebih tipis dan ringan yang tersusun dari beberapa bagian terpisah dalam sebuah bingkai, sering disebut sebagai ide dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Louis_Leclerc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Louis Leclerc (halaman belum tersedia)">Georges Louis Leclerc</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comte_de_Buffon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comte de Buffon (halaman belum tersedia)">Comte de Buffon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustin_Jean_Fresnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustin Jean Fresnel (halaman belum tersedia)">Fresnel</a> menyempurnakan penyusunan lensa-lensa konsentrik tersebut berdasarkan perhitungan <a href="/wiki/Zona_Fresnel" title="Zona Fresnel">zona Fresnel</a>. </p><p>Lensa Fresnel terbagi menjadi 6 kategori berdasarkan panjang fokusnya. Kategori yang pertama merupakan lensa yang terbesar dengan panjang fokus 920 mm (36 inci). Kategori yang terakhir dengan lensa terkecil mempunyai panjang fokus 150 mm (5,9 inci).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pengembangan lensa Fresnel lebih lanjut menambahkan dua kategori lensa yang baru yaitu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_Fresnel_mesoradial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa Fresnel mesoradial (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa Fresnel mesoradial</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_Fresnel_hyper_radial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa Fresnel hyper radial (halaman belum tersedia)">hyper radial</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lensa_fotokromik"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_fotokromik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa fotokromik (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa fotokromik</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa fotokromik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa fotokromik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Lensa fotokromik</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i><b>photochromic lens</b></i>) adalah lensa yang menjadi gelap saat terpajan (terpapar) <a href="/wiki/Sinar" title="Sinar">sinar</a> <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a>. Lensa perlahan kembali menjadi jernih seiring sirnanya pajanan sinar UV tersebut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lensa_silindris"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_silindris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa silindris (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa silindris</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa silindris" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa silindris"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Lensa silindris</b> adalah sebuah lensa yang membiaskan sinar cahaya yang merambat melalui mediumnya hingga terfokus pada sebuah garis, bukan pada sebuah titik seperti pada umumnya lensa cembung. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lensa_komposit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_komposit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa komposit (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa komposit</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa komposit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa komposit"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Achromat_doublet_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Achromat_doublet_en.svg/220px-Achromat_doublet_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Achromat_doublet_en.svg/330px-Achromat_doublet_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Achromat_doublet_en.svg/440px-Achromat_doublet_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah lensa doublet akromatika.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Barlow_lens.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Barlow_lens.svg/220px-Barlow_lens.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Barlow_lens.svg/330px-Barlow_lens.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Barlow_lens.svg/440px-Barlow_lens.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Sorot cahaya tanpa (merah) dan dengan (hijau) lensa Barlow</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Taylor-Cooke_Triplet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Taylor-Cooke_Triplet.svg/220px-Taylor-Cooke_Triplet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Taylor-Cooke_Triplet.svg/330px-Taylor-Cooke_Triplet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Taylor-Cooke_Triplet.svg/440px-Taylor-Cooke_Triplet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Lensa Cooke triplet</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lensa komposit</b> adalah jajaran beberapa lensa yang disusun sedemikian rupa untuk memberikan efek sinar cahaya tertentu. Lensa komposit dapat terdiri dari dua buah lensa tunggal atau lebih. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lensa_doublet"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_doublet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa doublet (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa doublet</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa doublet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa doublet"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Lensa doublet</b> adalah sebuah istilah yang digunakan pada bidang <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optika</a> untuk menjelaskan sebuah lensa komposit yang terdiri dari dua buah lensa sederhana dengan berbagai macam kombinasinya. Lensa doublet yang paling umum adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_doublet_akromatika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa doublet akromatika (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa doublet akromatika</a> yang dapat meredam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aberasi_kromatika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aberasi kromatika (halaman belum tersedia)">aberasi kromatika</a> dengan sangat optimal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lensa_Barlow"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_Barlow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa Barlow (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa Barlow</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa Barlow" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa Barlow"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Lensa Barlow</b> adalah sebuah lensa komposit yang ditemukan oleh seorang insinyur berkebangsaan <a href="/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris">Inggris</a> bernama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Barlow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Barlow (halaman belum tersedia)">Peter Barlow</a> yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan <a href="/wiki/Bukaan_(fotografi)" title="Bukaan (fotografi)">bukaan</a> suatu sistem optika. Lensa Barlow biasa diletakkan persis sebelum <a href="/wiki/Jendela_bidik" title="Jendela bidik">jendela bidik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">en</a>: <i>viewfinder</i>) untuk meningkatkan <a href="/wiki/Jarak_fokus" title="Jarak fokus">jarak fokus</a> jendela bidik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lensa_Cooke_triplet"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_Cooke_triplet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa Cooke triplet (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa Cooke triplet</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa Cooke triplet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa Cooke triplet"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Lensa Cooke triplet</b> adalah lensa komposit yang dipatenkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Taylor (halaman belum tersedia)">Dennis Taylor</a>, seorang insinyur yang bekerja pada perusahaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cooke_of_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cooke of York (halaman belum tersedia)">Cooke of York</a> pada tahun 1893. Lensa Cooke triplet adalah lensa komposit pertama yang berhasil meminimumkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aberasi_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aberasi optis (halaman belum tersedia)">aberasi optis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lensa_Dialyt"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_Dialyt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa Dialyt (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa Dialyt</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa Dialyt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa Dialyt"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Lensa Dialyt</b> adalah sebuah lensa komposit yang terdiri dari empat buah lensa tunggal yang didesain untuk meredam berbagai macam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aberasi_optis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aberasi optis (halaman belum tersedia)">aberasi optis</a>. Sebuah lensa komposit serupa dikembangkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taylor_Hobson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taylor Hobson (halaman belum tersedia)">Taylor Hobson</a> dari desain lensa Cooke triplet dan kemudian disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_Aviar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa Aviar (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa Aviar</a>. Sedangkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_Celor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa Celor (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa Celor</a> adalah desain lensa Dialyt yang telah mengalami penyempurnaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> Arti kata <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/kanta">kanta</a></i> dalam situs web <a href="/wiki/Kamus_Besar_Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia">Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia</a> oleh <i><a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengembangan_dan_Pembinaan_Bahasa" title="Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa">Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Pendidikan,_Kebudayaan,_Riset,_dan_Teknologi_Republik_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia">Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hecht-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hecht_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hecht_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">E. Hecht (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/optics0000hech"><i>Optics</i></a> (edisi ke-2nd). Addison Wesley. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/020111609X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/020111609X">020111609X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Optics&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Addison+Wesley&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=020111609X&rft.au=E.+Hecht&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foptics0000hech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALensa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Chapters 5 & 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Proteep Mallik (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091123101108/http://www.optics.arizona.edu/OPTI696/2005/axicon_Proteep.pdf">"The Axicon"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.optics.arizona.edu/OPTI696/2005/axicon_Proteep.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2009-11-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Axicon&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Proteep+Mallik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.optics.arizona.edu%2FOPTI696%2F2005%2Faxicon_Proteep.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALensa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kishan Dholakia (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041204141219/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~atomtrap/papers/Nature.pdf">"Optical micromanipulating using a self-reconstructing light beam"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/%7Eatomtrap/papers/Nature.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2004-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Optical+micromanipulating+using+a+self-reconstructing+light+beam&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Kishan+Dholakia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.st-andrews.ac.uk%2F%257Eatomtrap%2Fpapers%2FNature.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALensa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">V. Garcés-Chávez (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060919043112/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~atomtrap/papers/Nature.pdf">"Simultaneous micromanipulation in multiple planes using a self-reconstructing light beam"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>419</b>: 145. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature01007">10.1038/nature01007</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sinclair.ece.uci.edu/Papers/Optics/Orbital%20angular%20momentum/Garces-Chavez%20Nature%20419%20pp145-148%202002%20(Simultaneous%20micromanipulation%20in%20multiple%20planes%20using%20a%20self-reconstructing%20light%20beam).pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2006-09-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+micromanipulation+in+multiple+planes+using+a+self-reconstructing+light+beam&rft.volume=419&rft.pages=145&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature01007&rft.au=V.+Garc%C3%A9s-Ch%C3%A1vez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsinclair.ece.uci.edu%2FPapers%2FOptics%2FOrbital%2520angular%2520momentum%2FGarces-Chavez%2520Nature%2520419%2520pp145-148%25202002%2520%28Simultaneous%2520micromanipulation%2520in%2520multiple%2520planes%2520using%2520a%2520self-reconstructing%2520light%2520beam%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALensa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watson, Bruce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libproxy.uncg.edu:2088/servlet/BioRC">"Science Makes a Better Lighthouse Lens."</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup> <i>Smithsonian</i>. August 1999 v30 i5 p30. produced in <i>Biography Resource Center</i>. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9016395">"Brewster, Sir David."</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 2005. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 11 November 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libproxy.uncg.edu:2088/servlet/BioRC">"David Brewster."</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup> <i>World of Invention</i>, 2nd ed. Gale Group, 1999. Reproduced in <i>Biography Resource Center</i>. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9035385">"Fresnel lens."</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 2005. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 11 November 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mabel A. Baiges (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/displayPhoto.pl?path=/pnp/habshaer/ri/ri0300/ri0392/sheet&topImages=00008a.gif&topLinks=00008r.tif,00008a.tif">"Fresnel Orders"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(TIFF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fresnel+Orders&rft.date=1988&rft.au=Mabel+A.+Baiges&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2FdisplayPhoto.pl%3Fpath%3D%2Fpnp%2Fhabshaer%2Fri%2Fri0300%2Fri0392%2Fsheet%26topImages%3D00008a.gif%26topLinks%3D00008r.tif%2C00008a.tif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALensa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927021951/http://www.marinecitymich.org/Blank%20Page.htm">"Fresnel lenses"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinecitymich.org/Blank%20Page.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2007-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fresnel+lenses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinecitymich.org%2FBlank%2520Page.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALensa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Note the transcription error in the "Comparative Table of Lens Orders; the "oil consumption per hour" columns should be titled <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">grams</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluid_ounce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluid ounce (halaman belum tersedia)">ounces</a>, not gallons.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michiganlights.com/fresnel.htm">"Fresnel lenses"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fresnel+lenses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michiganlights.com%2Ffresnel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALensa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Hecht, Eugene (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/optics0000hech"><i>Optics</i></a> (edisi ke-2nd). Addison Wesley. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-201-11609-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-201-11609-X">0-201-11609-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Optics&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Addison+Wesley&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-201-11609-X&rft.aulast=Hecht&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foptics0000hech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALensa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Chapters 5 & 6.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hecht, Eugene (2002). <i>Optics</i> (edisi ke-4th). Addison Wesley. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-321-18878-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-321-18878-0">0-321-18878-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Optics&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Addison+Wesley&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-321-18878-0&rft.aulast=Hecht&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALensa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Greivenkamp, John E. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetogeom0000grei"><i>Field Guide to Geometrical Optics</i></a>. SPIE Field Guides vol. <b>FG01</b>. SPIE. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8194-5294-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8194-5294-7">0-8194-5294-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Field+Guide+to+Geometrical+Optics&rft.pub=SPIE&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8194-5294-7&rft.aulast=Greivenkamp&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffieldguidetogeom0000grei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALensa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://bangid000.blogspot.com/2020/03/teori-fisika-dalam-anime-dr.html?m=1">https://bangid000.blogspot.com/2020/03/teori-fisika-dalam-anime-dr.html?m=1</a> Teori fisika di Dr Stone.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lain">Bacaan lain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lain"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"The Fresnel Lens." The Keeper's Log (Winter 1985), pp. 12–14.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uscg.mil/History/weblighthouses/aton_lighthousebib.html">Lighthouses, Illuminants, Lenses Engineering and Augustin Fresnel, An Historical Bibliography, United States Coast Guard.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a>, <i>Aids to Navigation</i>, (Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1945).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uscg.mil/History/weblighthouses/h_lhbib.asp">United States Coast Guard, <i>Aids to Navigation Historical Bibliography</i>.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uscg.mil/history/docs/CG_Classical_Lens_in_Operation.pdf">United States Coast Guard, Fresnel Lenses Still in Operation.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aberration_in_optical_systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aberration in optical systems (halaman belum tersedia)">Aberration in optical systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lensa_fotografi" title="Lensa fotografi">Lensa fotografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukaan_(fotografi)" title="Bukaan (fotografi)">Bukaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cermin" title="Cermin">Cermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingkap_numeris" title="Tingkap numeris">Tingkap numeris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bokeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bokeh (halaman belum tersedia)">Bokeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop">Teleskop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop">Mikroskop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eyepiece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyepiece (halaman belum tersedia)">Eyepiece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelapisan_optik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelapisan optik (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelapisan optik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gradient_index_lens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gradient index lens (halaman belum tersedia)">Gradient index lens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_lensmaking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of lensmaking (halaman belum tersedia)">History of lensmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lensa_zoom" class="mw-redirect" title="Lensa zoom">Lensa zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lensa_gravitasi" title="Lensa gravitasi">Lensa gravitasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_dielektrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa dielektrik (halaman belum tersedia)">Lensa dielektrik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lens_grinder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lens grinder (halaman belum tersedia)">Lens grinder</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lens" class="extiw" title="commons:Lens"><b><i>Lens</i></b></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalartform.com/lenses.htm">Lens article at <i>digitalartform.com</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054022/http://www.digitalartform.com/lenses.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2016-03-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/Lens/lens_e.html">Thin Lens Java applet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.comcast.net/~hebsed/enoch.htm">Article on Ancient Egyptian lenses</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lighthousegetaway.com/lights/fresnel.html">Lighthouse Getaway: Fresnel lens</a> (contains photographs.)</li> <li><cite class="citation web">Pepper, Terry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrypepper.com/lights/index.htm">"<i>Seeing the Light: Lighthouses on the western Great Lakes</i>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seeing+the+Light%3A+Lighthouses+on+the+western+Great+Lakes&rft.au=Pepper%2C+Terry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrypepper.com%2Flights%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALensa" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bclee/lens.html">Random Destructive Acts via Focused Solar Radiation.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truckview.net">TruckView Fresnel lens combats the HGV Blind-Spot.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408105246/http://www.truckview.net/">Diarsipkan</a> 2019-04-08 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vega.org.uk/video/programme/226">How the Fresnel lens works.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalartform.com/archives/2009/04/fresnel_lens_-.html">A computer analysis of the Fresnel lens cross section depicted in the 'graphic examples' section of this very Wikipedia article.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090520054046/http://www.digitalartform.com/archives/2009/04/fresnel_lens_-.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-05-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=cuzYl4hx-B8C&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Fused+quartz+nikon++camera+lens&source=web&ots=n-IqvTABOz&sig=t-YYBNAIsgKQ37D9kTA0CcK6f1k&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result#PPA100,M1">Applied photographic optics Book</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=J0RX1mbhzAEC&printsec=toc&dq=bk7+optical+glass+construction&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0#PRA1-PA58,M1">Book- The properties of optical glass</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=_T9dX14rz64C&pg=PT415&lpg=PT415&dq=camera++optical+glass++composition&source=web&ots=YMMv0GjGDL&sig=8VZXryxlUfcVq3nonFvrNWElkoI&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=7&ct=result">Handbook of Ceramics, Glasses, and Diamonds</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=KdYclkhSfTAC&pg=PT49&lpg=PT49&dq=optical+glass+ingredients&source=web&ots=sLEkmvi05g&sig=F6ERFbklTewIvFuKh30POTb0JG0&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=7&ct=result">Optical glass construction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_20070301.shtml">History of Optics (audio mp3)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090106072032/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_20070301.shtml">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-01-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. by Simon Schaffer, Professor in History and Philosophy of Science at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, Jim Bennett, Director of the Museum of the History of Science at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> and Emily Winterburn, Curator of Astronomy at the <a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a> (recorded by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/5op/ch04/ch04.html">a chapter from an online textbook on refraction and lenses</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091217113846/http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/5op/ch04/ch04.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-12-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physnet.org/modules/pdfmodules/m223.pdf"><i>Thin Spherical Lenses </i></a> on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physnet.org">Project PHYSNET</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalartform.com/lenses.htm">Lens article at <i>digitalartform.com</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054022/http://www.digitalartform.com/lenses.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2016-03-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.comcast.net/~hebsed/enoch.htm">Article on Ancient Egyptian lenses</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://designeroptics.com/blogs/news/can-i-get-bifocal-prescription-sunglasses-what-you-need-to-know">Detailed analysis of bifocal prescription lenses</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.usal.es/%7Ehistologia/aplicacion/english/museum/microsco/micros01/micros01.htm">picture of the Ninive rock crystal lens</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070516051709/http://www3.usal.es/%7Ehistologia/aplicacion/english/museum/microsco/micros01/micros01.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2007-05-16 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luminous-landscape.com/tutorials/resolution.shtml">Do Sensors “Outresolve” Lenses?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100102070908/http://luminous-landscape.com/tutorials/resolution.shtml">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-01-02 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.; on lens and sensor resolution interaction.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Simulasi">Simulasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Simulasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Simulasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:ThinLens.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ThinLens.gif/220px-ThinLens.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ThinLens.gif/330px-ThinLens.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ThinLens.gif/440px-ThinLens.gif 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Thin lens simulation</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/Lens/lens_e.html">Thin Lens Java applet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=1155msg4448;topicseen#msg4448">Open source thin lens simulation</a> (Java applet)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vias.org/simulations/simusoft_lenses.html">Learning by Simulations</a> - Concave and Convex Lenses</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arachnoid.com/OpticalRayTracer/">OpticalRayTracer - </a><a href="/wiki/GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL">Open source</a> lens simulator (downloadable java)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lensa&oldid=26436054">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lensa&oldid=26436054</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lensa" title="Kategori:Lensa">Lensa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Optika" title="Kategori:Optika">Optika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Optika_geometris" title="Kategori:Optika geometris">Optika geometris</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a 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