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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Standard_dictionary_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_dictionary_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Standard dictionary numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_dictionary_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_of_names_of_large_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_of_names_of_large_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Usage of names of large numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_of_names_of_large_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins_of_the_"standard_dictionary_numbers"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_of_the_"standard_dictionary_numbers""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Origins of the "standard dictionary numbers"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_of_the_"standard_dictionary_numbers"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_googol_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_googol_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The googol family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_googol_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extensions_of_the_standard_dictionary_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extensions_of_the_standard_dictionary_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Extensions of the standard dictionary numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extensions_of_the_standard_dictionary_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Binary_prefixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Binary_prefixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Binary prefixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Binary_prefixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_named_large_numbers_used_in_mathematics,_physics_and_chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_named_large_numbers_used_in_mathematics,_physics_and_chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other named large numbers used in mathematics, physics and chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_named_large_numbers_used_in_mathematics,_physics_and_chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8E_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="বৃহৎ সংখ্যার নামের তালিকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বৃহৎ সংখ্যার নামের তালিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahlennamen" title="Zahlennamen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zahlennamen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurte_arvude_nimetused" title="Suurte arvude nimetused – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suurte arvude nimetused" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="نام اعداد بزرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نام اعداد بزرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noms_des_grands_nombres" title="Noms des grands nombres – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Noms des grands nombres" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%B0_%EC%88%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A6%84" title="큰 수의 이름 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="큰 수의 이름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomi_di_larja_nombri" title="Nomi di larja nombri – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nomi di larja nombri" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama-nama_bilangan_besar" title="Nama-nama bilangan besar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nama-nama bilangan besar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomina_permagnorum_numerorum" title="Nomina permagnorum numerorum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nomina permagnorum numerorum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lielu_skait%C4%BCu_nosaukumi" title="Lielu skaitļu nosaukumi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lielu skaitļu nosaukumi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF)" title="വെള്ളം (സംഖ്യ) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെള്ളം (സംഖ്യ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_machten_van_tien" title="Lijst van machten van tien – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van machten van tien" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navn_p%C3%A5_store_tall" title="Navn på store tall – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Navn på store tall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liczebniki_g%C5%82%C3%B3wne_pot%C4%99g_tysi%C4%85ca" title="Liczebniki główne potęg tysiąca – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liczebniki główne potęg tysiąca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerais_em_l%C3%ADngua_portuguesa" title="Numerais em língua portuguesa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Numerais em língua portuguesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatun_yupakunap_sutinku" title="Hatun yupakunap sutinku – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hatun yupakunap sutinku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Именные названия степеней тысячи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Именные названия степеней тысячи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_large_numbers" title="Names of large numbers – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Names of large numbers" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imena_velikih_%C5%A1tevil" title="Imena velikih števil – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Imena velikih števil" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurten_lukujen_nimet" title="Suurten lukujen nimet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suurten lukujen nimet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namn_p%C3%A5_stora_tal" title="Namn på stora tal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Namn på stora tal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_say%C4%B1lar%C4%B1n_adlar%C4%B1" title="Büyük sayıların adları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Büyük sayıların adları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D1%96" title="Іменні назви степенів тисячі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іменні назви степенів тисячі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sextillion&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Sextillion">Sextillion</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>Depending on context (i.e. language, culture, region, ...) some <a href="/wiki/Large_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Large number">large numbers</a> have <a href="/wiki/Name" title="Name">names</a> that allow for describing large quantities in a textual form; not <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematical</a>. For very large values, the text is generally shorter than a <a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">decimal</a> numeric representation although longer than <a href="/wiki/Scientific_notation" title="Scientific notation">scientific notation</a>. </p><p>Two naming scales for <a href="/wiki/Large_numbers" title="Large numbers">large numbers</a> have been used in English and other European languages since the early modern era: the <a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Long and short scale">long and short scales</a>. Most English variants use the short scale today, but the long scale remains dominant in many non-English-speaking areas, including <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>-speaking countries in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>. These naming procedures are based on taking the number <i>n</i> occurring in 10<sup>3<i>n</i>+3</sup> (short scale) or 10<sup>6<i>n</i></sup> (long scale) and concatenating Latin roots for its units, tens, and hundreds place, together with the suffix <i>-illion</i>. </p><p>Names of numbers above a trillion are rarely used in practice; such large numbers have practical usage primarily in the scientific domain, where powers of ten are expressed as <i>10</i> with a numeric superscript. However, these somewhat rare names are considered acceptable for approximate statements. For example, the statement "There are approximately 7.1 octillion atoms in an adult human body" is understood to be in short scale of the table below (and is only accurate if referring to short scale rather than long scale). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_numbering_system" title="Indian numbering system">Indian numbering system</a> uses the named numbers common between the long and short scales up to ten thousand. For larger values, it includes named numbers at each multiple of 100; including <a href="/wiki/Lakh" title="Lakh">lakh</a> (10<sup>5</sup>) and <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crore</a> (10<sup>7</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-bellos_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bellos-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>English also has words, such as <i>zillion</i>, that are used informally to mean <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_and_fictitious_numbers" title="Indefinite and fictitious numbers">large but unspecified amounts</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standard_dictionary_numbers">Standard dictionary numbers</h2></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">x </th> <th rowspan="2" valign="top">Name<br />(SS/LS, LS) </th> <th rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scales" title="Long and short scales">SS</a><br />(10<sup>3x+3</sup>) </th> <th rowspan="2" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scales" title="Long and short scales">LS</a><br />(10<sup>6x</sup>, 10<sup>6x+3</sup>) </th> <th colspan="9">Authorities </th></tr> <tr> <th>AHD4<sup id="cite_ref-ahdel_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahdel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>CED<sup id="cite_ref-collins_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collins-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>COD<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>OED2<sup id="cite_ref-oed_2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed_2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>OEDweb<sup id="cite_ref-oed_web_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed_web-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>RHD2<sup id="cite_ref-random_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-random-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>SOED3<sup id="cite_ref-nsoed_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsoed-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>W3<sup id="cite_ref-webster_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webster-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>HM<sup id="cite_ref-rowlett_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rowlett-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Million" class="mw-redirect" title="Million">Million</a> </td> <td>10<sup>6</sup></td> <td>10<sup>6</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milliard" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliard">Milliard</a> </td> <td></td> <td>10<sup>9</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Billion" title="Billion">Billion</a> </td> <td>10<sup>9</sup></td> <td>10<sup>12</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trillion" title="Trillion">Trillion</a> </td> <td>10<sup>12</sup></td> <td>10<sup>18</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Quadrillion </td> <td>10<sup>15</sup></td> <td>10<sup>24</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Quintillion </td> <td>10<sup>18</sup></td> <td>10<sup>30</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Sextillion </td> <td>10<sup>21</sup></td> <td>10<sup>36</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>Septillion </td> <td>10<sup>24</sup></td> <td>10<sup>42</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Octillion </td> <td>10<sup>27</sup></td> <td>10<sup>48</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>Nonillion </td> <td>10<sup>30</sup></td> <td>10<sup>54</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Decillion </td> <td>10<sup>33</sup></td> <td>10<sup>60</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Undecillion </td> <td>10<sup>36</sup></td> <td>10<sup>66</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Duodecillion </td> <td>10<sup>39</sup></td> <td>10<sup>72</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>Tredecillion </td> <td>10<sup>42</sup></td> <td>10<sup>78</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>Quattuordecillion </td> <td>10<sup>45</sup></td> <td>10<sup>84</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>Quindecillion </td> <td>10<sup>48</sup></td> <td>10<sup>90</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>Sexdecillion </td> <td>10<sup>51</sup></td> <td>10<sup>96</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>Septendecillion </td> <td>10<sup>54</sup></td> <td>10<sup>102</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>Octodecillion </td> <td>10<sup>57</sup></td> <td>10<sup>108</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td>Novemdecillion </td> <td>10<sup>60</sup></td> <td>10<sup>114</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>Vigintillion </td> <td>10<sup>63</sup></td> <td>10<sup>120</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>Centillion </td> <td>10<sup>303</sup></td> <td>10<sup>600</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>✓ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Usage: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scales" title="Long and short scales">Short scale</a>: <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">English Canada</a>, modern <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scales" title="Long and short scales">Long scale</a>: <a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French Canada</a>, older <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western</a> & <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a></li></ul> <p>Apart from <i>million</i>, the words in this list ending with -<i>illion</i> are all derived by adding prefixes (<i>bi</i>-, <i>tri</i>-, etc., derived from Latin) to the stem -<i>illion</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-farrar_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farrar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Centillion</i><sup id="cite_ref-centillion_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centillion-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> appears to be the highest name ending in -"illion" that is included in these dictionaries. <i>Trigintillion</i>, often cited as a word in discussions of names of large numbers, is not included in any of them, nor are any of the names that can easily be created by extending the naming pattern (<i>unvigintillion</i>, <i>duovigintillion</i>, <i>duoquinquagintillion</i>, etc.). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" valign="top">Name </th> <th rowspan="2" valign="top">Value </th> <th colspan="9">Authorities </th></tr> <tr> <th>AHD4<sup id="cite_ref-ahdel_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahdel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>CED<sup id="cite_ref-collins_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collins-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>COD<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>OED2<sup id="cite_ref-oed_2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed_2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>OEDweb<sup id="cite_ref-oed_web_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed_web-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>RHD2<sup id="cite_ref-random_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-random-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>SOED3<sup id="cite_ref-nsoed_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsoed-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>W3<sup id="cite_ref-webster_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webster-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>HM<sup id="cite_ref-rowlett_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rowlett-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Googol" title="Googol">Googol</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">10<sup>100</sup> </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Googolplex" title="Googolplex">Googolplex</a></td> <td>10<sup>googol</sup> (10<sup>10<sup>100</sup></sup>) </td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓</td> <td>✓ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>All of the dictionaries included <i>googol</i> and <i>googolplex</i>, generally crediting it to the Kasner and Newman book and to Kasner's nephew (see below). None include any higher names in the googol family (googolduplex, etc.). The <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> comments that <i>googol</i> and <i>googolplex</i> are "not in formal mathematical use". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_of_names_of_large_numbers">Usage of names of large numbers</h2></div> <p>Some names of large numbers, such as <i>million</i>, <i>billion</i>, and <i>trillion</i>, have real referents in human experience, and are encountered in many contexts, particularly in finance and economics. At times, the names of large numbers have been forced into common usage as a result of <a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation" title="Hyperinflation">hyperinflation</a>. The highest numerical value banknote ever printed was a note for 1 sextillion <a href="/wiki/Peng%C5%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengő">pengő</a> (10<sup>21</sup> or 1 milliard bilpengő as printed) printed in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> in 1946. In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> printed a 100 trillion (10<sup>14</sup>) <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar" title="Zimbabwean dollar">Zimbabwean dollar</a> note, which at the time of printing was worth about US$30.<sup id="cite_ref-zimbabwe_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zimbabwe-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In global economics, the name of a significantly larger number was used in 2024, when the Russian news outlet <a href="/wiki/RBK_Group" title="RBK Group">RBK</a> stated that the sum of legal claims against <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> totalled 2 undecillion (2<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001360000000000000♠"></span>36</span></sup>) <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ruble" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Ruble">rubles</a>, or US $20 decillion (US $2<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001340000000000000♠"></span>34</span></sup>); a value worth more than all financial assets in the world combined.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> spokesperson, <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a>, stated that this value was symbolic.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Names of larger numbers, however, have a tenuous, artificial existence, rarely found outside definitions, lists, and discussions of how large numbers are named. Even well-established names like <i>sextillion</i> are rarely used, since in the context of science, including astronomy, where such large numbers often occur, they are nearly always written using <a href="/wiki/Scientific_notation" title="Scientific notation">scientific notation</a>. In this notation, powers of ten are expressed as <i>10</i> with a numeric superscript, e.g. "The X-ray emission of the radio galaxy is <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7045130000000000000♠"></span>1.3<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>45</sup> joules</span>." When a number such as 10<sup>45</sup> needs to be referred to in words, it is simply read out as "ten to the forty-fifth" or "ten to the forty-five". This is easier to say and less ambiguous than "quattuordecillion", which means something different in the long scale and the short scale. </p><p>When a number represents a quantity rather than a count, <a href="/wiki/SI_prefix" class="mw-redirect" title="SI prefix">SI prefixes</a> can be used—thus "<a href="/wiki/Femtosecond" title="Femtosecond">femtosecond</a>", not "one quadrillionth of a second"—although often powers of ten are used instead of some of the very high and very low prefixes. In some cases, specialized units are used, such as the astronomer's <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Light_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Light year">light year</a> or the particle physicist's <a href="/wiki/Barn_(unit)" title="Barn (unit)">barn</a>. </p><p>Nevertheless, large numbers have an intellectual fascination and are of mathematical interest, and giving them names is one way people try to conceptualize and understand them. </p><p>One of the earliest examples of this is <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sand_Reckoner" title="The Sand Reckoner">The Sand Reckoner</a></i>, in which <a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes</a> gave a system for naming large numbers. To do this, he called the numbers up to a <a href="/wiki/Myriad" title="Myriad">myriad</a> myriad (10<sup>8</sup>) "first numbers" and called 10<sup>8</sup> itself the "unit of the second numbers". Multiples of this unit then became the second numbers, up to this unit taken a myriad myriad times, 10<sup>8</sup>·10<sup>8</sup>=10<sup>16</sup>. This became the "unit of the third numbers", whose multiples were the third numbers, and so on. Archimedes continued naming numbers in this way up to a myriad myriad times the unit of the 10<sup>8</sup>-th numbers, i.e. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (10^{8})^{(10^{8})}=10^{8\cdot 10^{8}},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (10^{8})^{(10^{8})}=10^{8\cdot 10^{8}},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/466c2a081b15adc6dbd52a02da718dffb927a255" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.233ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (10^{8})^{(10^{8})}=10^{8\cdot 10^{8}},}"></span> and embedded this construction within another copy of itself to produce names for numbers up to <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ((10^{8})^{(10^{8})})^{(10^{8})}=10^{8\cdot 10^{16}}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>16</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ((10^{8})^{(10^{8})})^{(10^{8})}=10^{8\cdot 10^{16}}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4e2531896901b6714214a8d5e04ccaa73b3828e8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.697ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ((10^{8})^{(10^{8})})^{(10^{8})}=10^{8\cdot 10^{16}}.}"></span> Archimedes then estimated the number of grains of sand that would be required to fill the known universe, and found that it was no more than "one thousand myriad of the eighth numbers" (10<sup>63</sup>). </p><p>Since then, many others have engaged in the pursuit of conceptualizing and naming numbers that have no existence outside the imagination. One motivation for such a pursuit is that attributed to the inventor of the word <i><a href="/wiki/Googol" title="Googol">googol</a></i>, who was certain that any finite number "had to have a name". Another possible motivation is competition between students in computer programming courses, where a common exercise is that of writing a program to output numbers in the form of English words.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most names proposed for large numbers belong to systematic schemes which are extensible. Thus, many names for large numbers are simply the result of following a naming system to its logical conclusion—or extending it further.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_of_the_"standard_dictionary_numbers""><span id="Origins_of_the_.22standard_dictionary_numbers.22"></span>Origins of the "standard dictionary numbers"</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chuquet.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Chuquet.gif/500px-Chuquet.gif" decoding="async" width="500" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Chuquet.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The words <i>bymillion</i> and <i>trimillion</i> were first recorded in 1475 in a manuscript of <a href="/wiki/Jehan_Adam" title="Jehan Adam">Jehan Adam</a>. Subsequently, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Chuquet" title="Nicolas Chuquet">Nicolas Chuquet</a> wrote a book <i>Triparty en la science des nombres</i> which was not published during Chuquet's lifetime. However, most of it was copied by <a href="/wiki/Estienne_de_La_Roche" title="Estienne de La Roche">Estienne de La Roche</a> for a portion of his 1520 book, <i><a href="/wiki/L%27arismetique" class="mw-redirect" title="L'arismetique">L'arismetique</a></i>. Chuquet's book contains a passage in which he shows a large number marked off into groups of six digits, with the comment: </p> <blockquote> <p>Ou qui veult le premier point peult signiffier million Le second point byllion Le tiers point tryllion Le quart quadrillion Le cinq<sup>e</sup> quyllion Le six<sup>e</sup> sixlion Le sept.<sup>e</sup> septyllion Le huyt<sup>e</sup> ottyllion Le neuf<sup>e</sup> nonyllion et ainsi des ault'<sup>s</sup> se plus oultre on vouloit preceder </p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p>(Or if you prefer the first mark can signify million, the second mark byllion, the third mark tryllion, the fourth quadrillion, the fifth quyillion, the sixth sixlion, the seventh septyllion, the eighth ottyllion, the ninth nonyllion and so on with others as far as you wish to go). </p> </blockquote> <p>Adam and Chuquet used the <a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Long and short scale">long scale</a> of powers of a million; that is, Adam's <i>bymillion</i> (Chuquet's <i>byllion</i>) denoted 10<sup>12</sup>, and Adam's <i>trimillion</i> (Chuquet's <i>tryllion</i>) denoted 10<sup>18</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_googol_family">The googol family</h2></div> <p>The names <i><a href="/wiki/Googol" title="Googol">googol</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Googolplex" title="Googolplex">googolplex</a></i> were invented by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kasner" title="Edward Kasner">Edward Kasner</a>'s nephew Milton Sirotta and introduced in Kasner and Newman's 1940 book <i><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_and_the_Imagination" title="Mathematics and the Imagination">Mathematics and the Imagination</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-kasner_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kasner-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the following passage: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The name "googol" was invented by a child (Dr. Kasner's nine-year-old nephew) who was asked to think up a name for a very big number, namely 1 with one hundred zeroes after it. He was very certain that this number was not infinite, and therefore equally certain that it had to have a name. At the same time that he suggested "googol" he gave a name for a still larger number: "googolplex". A googolplex is much larger than a googol, but is still finite, as the inventor of the name was quick to point out. It was first suggested that a googolplex should be 1, followed by writing zeros until you got tired. This is a description of what would happen if one tried to write a googolplex, but different people get tired at different times and it would never do to have <a href="/wiki/Primo_Carnera" title="Primo Carnera">Carnera</a> a better mathematician than <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Dr. Einstein</a>, simply because he had more endurance. The googolplex is, then, a specific finite number, equal to 1 with a googol zeros after it.</p></blockquote> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="200">Value </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Authority </th></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>100</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Googol" title="Googol">Googol</a></td> <td>Kasner and Newman, dictionaries (see above) </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>googol</sup> = 10<sup>10<sup>100</sup></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Googolplex" title="Googolplex">Googolplex</a></td> <td>Kasner and Newman, dictionaries (see above) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Horton_Conway" title="John Horton Conway">John Horton Conway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_K._Guy" title="Richard K. Guy">Richard K. Guy</a><sup id="cite_ref-conway_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conway-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have suggested that <i>N-plex</i> be used as a name for 10<sup>N</sup>. This gives rise to the name <i>googolplexplex</i> for 10<sup>googolplex</sup> = 10<sup>10<sup>10<sup>100</sup></sup></sup>. Conway and Guy<sup id="cite_ref-conway_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conway-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have proposed that <i>N-minex</i> be used as a name for 10<sup>−N</sup>, giving rise to the name <i>googolminex</i> for the <a href="/wiki/Reciprocal_(mathematics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reciprocal (mathematics)">reciprocal</a> of a googolplex, which is written as 10<sup>-(10<sup>100</sup>)</sup>. None of these names are in wide use. </p><p>The names <i>googol</i> and <i>googolplex</i> inspired the name of the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_company" title="Dot-com company">Internet company</a> <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Corporate_headquarters" title="Corporate headquarters">corporate headquarters</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Googleplex" title="Googleplex">Googleplex</a>, respectively.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extensions_of_the_standard_dictionary_numbers">Extensions of the standard dictionary numbers</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Billion" title="Billion">billion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scales" title="Long and short scales">Long and short scales</a></div> <p>This section illustrates several systems for naming large numbers, and shows how they can be extended past <i>vigintillion</i>. </p><p>Traditional British usage assigned new names for each power of one million (the <a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Long and short scale">long scale</a>): <span class="nowrap">1,000,000 = 1 million</span>; <span class="nowrap">1,000,000<sup>2</sup> = 1 billion</span>; <span class="nowrap">1,000,000<sup>3</sup> = 1 trillion</span>; and so on. It was adapted from French usage, and is similar to the system that was documented or invented by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Chuquet" title="Nicolas Chuquet">Chuquet</a>. </p><p>Traditional American usage (which was also adapted from French usage but at a later date), Canadian, and modern British usage assign new names for each power of one thousand (the <a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Long and short scale">short scale</a>). Thus, a <i>billion</i> is 1000 × 1000<sup>2</sup> = 10<sup>9</sup>; a <i>trillion</i> is 1000 × 1000<sup>3</sup> = 10<sup>12</sup>; and so forth. Due to its dominance in the financial world (and by the <a href="/wiki/US_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="US dollar">US dollar</a>), this was adopted for official <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> documents. </p><p>Traditional French usage has varied; in 1948, France, which had originally popularized the short scale worldwide, reverted to the long scale. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Petelier_long_scale"></span> The term <i>milliard</i> is unambiguous and always means 10<sup>9</sup>. It is seldom seen in American usage and rarely in British usage, but frequently in continental European usage. The term is sometimes attributed to French mathematician <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Peletier_du_Mans" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Peletier du Mans">Jacques Peletier du Mans</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1550</span> (for this reason, the long scale is also known as the <i>Chuquet-Peletier</i> system), but the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> states that the term derives from post-Classical <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> term <i>milliartum</i>, which became <i>milliare</i> and then <i>milliart</i> and finally our modern term. </p><p>Concerning names ending in -illiard for numbers 10<sup>6<i>n</i>+3</sup>, <i>milliard</i> is certainly in widespread use in languages other than English, but the degree of actual use of the larger terms is questionable. The terms "milliardo" in Italian, "Milliarde" in German, "miljard" in Dutch, "milyar" in Turkish, and "миллиард," milliard (transliterated) in Russian, are standard usage when discussing financial topics. </p><p>The naming procedure for large numbers is based on taking the number <i>n</i> occurring in 10<sup>3<i>n</i>+3</sup> (short scale) or 10<sup>6<i>n</i></sup> (long scale) and concatenating Latin roots for its units, tens, and hundreds place, together with the suffix <i>-illion</i>. In this way, numbers up to 10<sup>3·999+3</sup> = 10<sup>3000</sup> (short scale) or 10<sup>6·999</sup> = 10<sup>5994</sup> (long scale) may be named. The choice of roots and the concatenation procedure is that of the standard dictionary numbers if <i>n</i> is 9 or smaller. For larger <i>n</i> (between 10 and 999), prefixes can be constructed based on a system described by Conway and Guy.<sup id="cite_ref-conway_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conway-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, sexdecillion and novemdecillion are standard dictionary numbers and, using the same reasoning as Conway and Guy did for the numbers up to nonillion, could probably be used to form acceptable prefixes. The Conway–Guy system for forming prefixes:<sup id="cite_ref-conway_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conway-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 15">: 15 </span></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <th>Units </th> <th>Tens </th> <th>Hundreds </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td>Un </td> <td><sup>N</sup> Deci </td> <td><sup>NX</sup> Centi </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td>Duo </td> <td><sup>MS</sup> Viginti </td> <td><sup>N</sup> Ducenti </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td>Tre <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_increase"><a href="#endnote_increase">(*)</a></sup> </td> <td><sup>NS</sup> Triginta </td> <td><sup>NS</sup> Trecenti </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td>Quattuor </td> <td><sup>NS</sup> Quadraginta </td> <td><sup>NS</sup> Quadringenti </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td>Quinqua </td> <td><sup>NS</sup> Quinquaginta </td> <td><sup>NS</sup> Quingenti </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td>Se <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_increase"><a href="#endnote_increase">(*)</a></sup> </td> <td><sup>N</sup> Sexaginta </td> <td><sup>N</sup> Sescenti </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td>Septe <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_increase"><a href="#endnote_increase">(*)</a></sup> </td> <td><sup>N</sup> Septuaginta </td> <td><sup>N</sup> Septingenti </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td>Octo </td> <td><sup>MX</sup> Octoginta </td> <td><sup>MX</sup> Octingenti </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td>Nove <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_increase"><a href="#endnote_increase">(*)</a></sup> </td> <td>Nonaginta </td> <td>Nongenti </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><sup>(*)</sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_increase"><b><a href="#ref_increase">^</a></b></span> When preceding a component marked <sup>S</sup> or <sup>X</sup>, "tre" changes to "tres" and "se" to "ses" or "sex"; similarly, when preceding a component marked <sup>M</sup> or <sup>N</sup>, "septe" and "nove" change to "septem" and "novem" or "septen" and "noven".</dd></dl> <p>Since the system of using Latin prefixes will become ambiguous for numbers with exponents of a size which the Romans rarely counted to, like 10<sup>6,000,258</sup>, Conway and Guy co-devised with Allan Wechsler the following set of consistent conventions that permit, in principle, the extension of this system indefinitely to provide English short-scale names for any integer whatsoever.<sup id="cite_ref-conway_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conway-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of a number 10<sup>3<i>n</i>+3</sup>, where <i>n</i> is greater than or equal to 1000, is formed by concatenating the names of the numbers of the form 10<sup>3<i>m</i>+3</sup>, where <i>m</i> represents each group of comma-separated digits of <i>n</i>, with each but the last "-illion" trimmed to "-illi-", or, in the case of <i>m</i> = 0, either "-nilli-" or "-nillion".<sup id="cite_ref-conway_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conway-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, 10<sup>3,000,012</sup>, the 1,000,003rd "-illion" number, equals one "millinillitrillion"; 10<sup>33,002,010,111</sup>, the 11,000,670,036th "-illion" number, equals one "undecillinilliseptuagintasescentillisestrigintillion"; and 10<sup>29,629,629,633</sup>, the 9,876,543,210th "-illion" number, equals one "nonilliseseptuagintaoctingentillitresquadragintaquingentillideciducentillion".<sup id="cite_ref-conway_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conway-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following table shows number names generated by the system described by Conway and Guy for the short and long scales.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Base -illion<br />(<a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Long and short scale">short scale</a>) </th> <th>Base -illion<br />(<a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Long and short scale">long scale</a>) </th> <th>Value </th> <th>US, Canada and modern British<br />(<a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Long and short scale">short scale</a>) </th> <th>Traditional British<br />(<a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Long and short scale">long scale</a>) </th> <th>Traditional European (Peletier long scale) </th> <th>SI<br />Symbol </th> <th>SI<br />Prefix </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10<sup>6</sup> </td> <td>Million </td> <td>Million </td> <td>Million </td> <td>M </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mega-" title="Mega-">Mega-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10<sup>9</sup> </td> <td>Billion </td> <td>Thousand million </td> <td>Milliard </td> <td>G </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giga-" title="Giga-">Giga-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>10<sup>12</sup> </td> <td>Trillion </td> <td>Billion </td> <td>Billion </td> <td>T </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tera-" class="mw-redirect" title="Tera-">Tera-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>10<sup>15</sup> </td> <td>Quadrillion </td> <td>Thousand billion </td> <td>Billiard </td> <td>P </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peta-" class="mw-redirect" title="Peta-">Peta-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>10<sup>18</sup> </td> <td>Quintillion </td> <td>Trillion </td> <td>Trillion </td> <td>E </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Exa-" class="mw-redirect" title="Exa-">Exa-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>10<sup>21</sup> </td> <td>Sextillion </td> <td>Thousand trillion </td> <td>Trilliard </td> <td>Z </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zetta-" class="mw-redirect" title="Zetta-">Zetta-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>10<sup>24</sup> </td> <td>Septillion </td> <td>Quadrillion </td> <td>Quadrillion </td> <td>Y </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yotta-" class="mw-redirect" title="Yotta-">Yotta-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>10<sup>27</sup> </td> <td>Octillion </td> <td>Thousand quadrillion </td> <td>Quadrilliard </td> <td>R </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ronna-" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronna-">Ronna-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>10<sup>30</sup> </td> <td>Nonillion </td> <td>Quintillion </td> <td>Quintillion </td> <td>Q </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quetta-" class="mw-redirect" title="Quetta-">Quetta-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>10<sup>33</sup> </td> <td>Decillion </td> <td>Thousand quintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>10<sup>36</sup> </td> <td>Undecillion </td> <td>Sextillion </td> <td colspan="3">Sextillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>10<sup>39</sup> </td> <td>Duodecillion </td> <td>Thousand sextillion </td> <td colspan="3">Sextilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>10<sup>42</sup> </td> <td>Tredecillion </td> <td>Septillion </td> <td colspan="3">Septillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>10<sup>45</sup> </td> <td>Quattuordecillion </td> <td>Thousand septillion </td> <td colspan="3">Septilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>10<sup>48</sup> </td> <td>Quindecillion </td> <td>Octillion </td> <td colspan="3">Octillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>10<sup>51</sup> </td> <td>Sexdecillion </td> <td>Thousand octillion </td> <td colspan="3">Octilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10<sup>54</sup> </td> <td>Septendecillion </td> <td>Nonillion </td> <td colspan="3">Nonillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10<sup>57</sup> </td> <td>Octodecillion </td> <td>Thousand nonillion </td> <td colspan="3">Nonilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10<sup>60</sup> </td> <td>Novendecillion </td> <td>Decillion </td> <td colspan="3">Decillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10<sup>63</sup> </td> <td>Vigintillion </td> <td>Thousand decillion </td> <td colspan="3">Decilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10<sup>66</sup> </td> <td>Unvigintillion </td> <td>Undecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Undecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10<sup>69</sup> </td> <td>Duovigintillion </td> <td>Thousand undecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Undecilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>10<sup>72</sup> </td> <td>Tresvigintillion </td> <td>Duodecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Duodecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>10<sup>75</sup> </td> <td>Quattuorvigintillion </td> <td>Thousand duodecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Duodecilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>10<sup>78</sup> </td> <td>Quinvigintillion </td> <td>Tredecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Tredecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>10<sup>81</sup> </td> <td>Sesvigintillion </td> <td>Thousand tredecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Tredecilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>10<sup>84</sup> </td> <td>Septemvigintillion </td> <td>Quattuordecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quattuordecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>10<sup>87</sup> </td> <td>Octovigintillion </td> <td>Thousand quattuordecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quattuordecilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>10<sup>90</sup> </td> <td>Novemvigintillion </td> <td>Quindecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quindecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>10<sup>93</sup> </td> <td>Trigintillion </td> <td>Thousand quindecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quindecilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>10<sup>96</sup> </td> <td>Untrigintillion </td> <td>Sedecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Sedecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>10<sup>99</sup> </td> <td>Duotrigintillion </td> <td>Thousand sedecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Sedecilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>10<sup>102</sup> </td> <td>Trestrigintillion </td> <td>Septendecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Septendecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>34 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>10<sup>105</sup> </td> <td>Quattuortrigintillion </td> <td>Thousand septendecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Septendecilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>10<sup>108</sup> </td> <td>Quintrigintillion </td> <td>Octodecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Octodecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>10<sup>111</sup> </td> <td>Sestrigintillion </td> <td>Thousand octodecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Octodecilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>37 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>10<sup>114</sup> </td> <td>Septentrigintillion </td> <td>Novendecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Novendecillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>38 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>10<sup>117</sup> </td> <td>Octotrigintillion </td> <td>Thousand novendecillion </td> <td colspan="3">Novendecilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>39 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>10<sup>120</sup> </td> <td>Noventrigintillion </td> <td>Vigintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Vigintillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>40 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>10<sup>123</sup> </td> <td>Quadragintillion </td> <td>Thousand vigintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Vigintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>10<sup>153</sup> </td> <td>Quinquagintillion </td> <td>Thousand quinvigintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quinvigintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>60 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>10<sup>183</sup> </td> <td>Sexagintillion </td> <td>Thousand trigintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Trigintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>70 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>10<sup>213</sup> </td> <td>Septuagintillion </td> <td>Thousand quintrigintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quintrigintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>80 </td> <td>40 </td> <td>10<sup>243</sup> </td> <td>Octogintillion </td> <td>Thousand quadragintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quadragintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>90 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>10<sup>273</sup> </td> <td>Nonagintillion </td> <td>Thousand quinquadragintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quinquadragintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>100 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>10<sup>303</sup> </td> <td>Centillion </td> <td>Thousand quinquagintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quinquagintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>101 </td> <td>51 </td> <td>10<sup>306</sup> </td> <td>Uncentillion </td> <td>Unquinquagintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Unquinquagintillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>110 </td> <td>55 </td> <td>10<sup>333</sup> </td> <td>Decicentillion </td> <td>Thousand quinquinquagintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quinquinquagintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>111 </td> <td>56 </td> <td>10<sup>336</sup> </td> <td>Undecicentillion </td> <td>Sesquinquagintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Sesquinquagintillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>120 </td> <td>60 </td> <td>10<sup>363</sup> </td> <td>Viginticentillion </td> <td>Thousand sexagintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Sexagintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>121 </td> <td>61 </td> <td>10<sup>366</sup> </td> <td>Unviginticentillion </td> <td>Unsexagintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Unsexagintillion </td></tr> <tr> <td>130 </td> <td>65 </td> <td>10<sup>393</sup> </td> <td>Trigintacentillion </td> <td>Thousand quinsexagintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quinsexagintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>140 </td> <td>70 </td> <td>10<sup>423</sup> </td> <td>Quadragintacentillion </td> <td>Thousand septuagintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Septuagintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>150 </td> <td>75 </td> <td>10<sup>453</sup> </td> <td>Quinquagintacentillion </td> <td>Thousand quinseptuagintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quinseptuagintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>160 </td> <td>80 </td> <td>10<sup>483</sup> </td> <td>Sexagintacentillion </td> <td>Thousand octogintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Octogintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>170 </td> <td>85 </td> <td>10<sup>513</sup> </td> <td>Septuagintacentillion </td> <td>Thousand quinoctogintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quinoctogintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>180 </td> <td>90 </td> <td>10<sup>543</sup> </td> <td>Octogintacentillion </td> <td>Thousand nonagintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Nonagintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>190 </td> <td>95 </td> <td>10<sup>573</sup> </td> <td>Nonagintacentillion </td> <td>Thousand quinnonagintillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quinnonagintilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>200 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>10<sup>603</sup> </td> <td>Ducentillion </td> <td>Thousand centillion </td> <td colspan="3">Centilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>300 </td> <td>150 </td> <td>10<sup>903</sup> </td> <td>Trecentillion </td> <td>Thousand quinquagintacentillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quinquagintacentilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>400 </td> <td>200 </td> <td>10<sup>1203</sup> </td> <td>Quadringentillion </td> <td>Thousand ducentillion </td> <td colspan="3">Ducentilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>500 </td> <td>250 </td> <td>10<sup>1503</sup> </td> <td>Quingentillion </td> <td>Thousand quinquagintaducentillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quinquagintaducentilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>600 </td> <td>300 </td> <td>10<sup>1803</sup> </td> <td>Sescentillion </td> <td>Thousand trecentillion </td> <td colspan="3">Trecentilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>700 </td> <td>350 </td> <td>10<sup>2103</sup> </td> <td>Septingentillion </td> <td>Thousand quinquagintatrecentillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quinquagintatrecentilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>800 </td> <td>400 </td> <td>10<sup>2403</sup> </td> <td>Octingentillion </td> <td>Thousand quadringentillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quadringentilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>900 </td> <td>450 </td> <td>10<sup>2703</sup> </td> <td>Nongentillion </td> <td>Thousand quinquagintaquadringentillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quinquagintaquadringentilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>1000 </td> <td>500 </td> <td>10<sup>3003</sup> </td> <td>Millinillion <sup id="cite_ref-stewart_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stewart-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Thousand quingentillion </td> <td colspan="3">Quingentilliard </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="max-width:1em">Value </th> <th rowspan="2" style="max-width:1em">Name </th> <th colspan="3" style="max-width:8em">Equivalent </th></tr> <tr> <th>US, Canadian and modern British<br />(<a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Long and short scale">short scale</a>) </th> <th>Traditional British<br />(<a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Long and short scale">long scale</a>) </th> <th>Traditional European (Peletier long scale) </th></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>100</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Googol" title="Googol">Googol</a> </td> <td>Ten duotrigintillion </td> <td>Ten thousand sedecillion </td> <td>Ten sedecilliard </td></tr> <tr> <td>10<sup>10<sup>100</sup></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Googolplex" title="Googolplex">Googolplex</a> </td> <td>Ten trillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentillitrestrigintatrecentilliduotrigintatrecentillion<sup id="cite_ref-googleplex-shortscale-calculation_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-googleplex-shortscale-calculation-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Ten thousand millisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillion<sup id="cite_ref-googleplex-longscale-calculation_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-googleplex-longscale-calculation-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Ten millisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentillisesexagintasescentilliard<sup id="cite_ref-googleplex-longscale-calculation_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-googleplex-longscale-calculation-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-googleplex-shortscale-calculation-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-googleplex-shortscale-calculation_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Googolplex's short scale name is derived from it equal to ten of the 3,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,333,332nd "-illion"s (This is the value of n when 10 × 10<sup>(3n + 3)</sup> = 10<sup>10<sup>100</sup></sup>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-googleplex-longscale-calculation-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-googleplex-longscale-calculation_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-googleplex-longscale-calculation_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Googolplex's long scale name (both traditional British and traditional European) is derived from it being equal to ten thousand of the 1,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666,666th "-illion"s (This is the value of n when 10,000 × 10<sup>6n</sup> = 10<sup>10<sup>100</sup></sup>).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Binary_prefixes">Binary prefixes</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities" title="International System of Quantities">International System of Quantities</a> (ISQ) defines a series of prefixes denoting integer powers of 1024 between 1024<sup>1</sup> and 1024<sup>8</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-iec_80000_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iec_80000-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Power </th> <th>Value </th> <th>ISQ<br />symbol </th> <th>ISQ<br />prefix </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>1024<sup>1</sup> </td> <td>Ki </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kibi-" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibi-">Kibi-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>1024<sup>2</sup> </td> <td>Mi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mebi-" class="mw-redirect" title="Mebi-">Mebi-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>1024<sup>3</sup> </td> <td>Gi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gibi-" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibi-">Gibi-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>1024<sup>4</sup> </td> <td>Ti </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tebi-" class="mw-redirect" title="Tebi-">Tebi-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>1024<sup>5</sup> </td> <td>Pi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pebi-" class="mw-redirect" title="Pebi-">Pebi-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>1024<sup>6</sup> </td> <td>Ei </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Exbi-" class="mw-redirect" title="Exbi-">Exbi-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>1024<sup>7</sup> </td> <td>Zi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zebi-" class="mw-redirect" title="Zebi-">Zebi-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>1024<sup>8</sup> </td> <td>Yi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yobi-" class="mw-redirect" title="Yobi-">Yobi-</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_named_large_numbers_used_in_mathematics,_physics_and_chemistry"><span id="Other_named_large_numbers_used_in_mathematics.2C_physics_and_chemistry"></span>Other named large numbers used in mathematics, physics and chemistry</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avogadro_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Avogadro number">Avogadro number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham%27s_number" title="Graham's number">Graham's number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skewes%27s_number" title="Skewes's number">Skewes's number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinhaus%E2%80%93Moser_notation" title="Steinhaus–Moser notation">Steinhaus–Moser notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TREE(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="TREE(3)">TREE(3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayo%27s_number" title="Rayo's number">Rayo's number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSCG(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSCG(3)">SSCG(3)</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/-yllion" title="-yllion">-yllion</a> – Mathematical notation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity" title="Infinity">Infinity</a> – Mathematical concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa%E1%B9%83khyeya" title="Asaṃkhyeya">Asaṃkhyeya</a> – Buddhist name for a large number</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_numerals" title="Chinese numerals">Chinese numerals</a> – Characters used to denote numbers in Chinese</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_large_numbers" title="History of large numbers">History of large numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indefinite_and_fictitious_numbers" title="Indefinite and fictitious numbers">Indefinite and fictitious numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_numbering_system" title="Indian numbering system">Indian numbering system</a> – Indian convention of naming large numbers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_numerals" title="Japanese numerals">Japanese numerals</a> – Number words used in the Japanese language</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%27s_up-arrow_notation" title="Knuth's up-arrow notation">Knuth's up-arrow notation</a> – Method of notation of very large integers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_large_numbers" title="Law of large numbers">Law of large numbers</a> – Averages of repeated trials converge to the expected value</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbers" title="List of numbers">List of numbers</a> – Notable numbers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Long and short scale">Long and short scale</a> – Two meanings of "billion" and "trillion"<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_prefix" title="Metric prefix">Metric prefix</a> – Order of magnitude indicator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_small_numbers" title="Names of small numbers">Names of small numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numeral_(linguistics)" title="Numeral (linguistics)">Number names</a> – Word or phrase which describes a numerical quantity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_prefix" class="mw-redirect" title="Number prefix">Number prefix</a> – Prefix derived from numerals or other numbers<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of magnitude">Orders of magnitude</a> – Scale of numbers with a fixed ratio<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(data)" title="Orders of magnitude (data)">Orders of magnitude (data)</a> – Computer data measurements and scales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">Orders of magnitude (numbers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_10" title="Power of 10">Power of 10</a> – Ten raised to an integer power</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bellos-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bellos_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBellos2011" class="citation book cs1">Bellos, Alex (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FA_HwoEzSQUC"><i>Alex's Adventures in Numberland</i></a>. A&C Black. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4088-0959-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4088-0959-4"><bdi>978-1-4088-0959-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alex%27s+Adventures+in+Numberland&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4088-0959-4&rft.aulast=Bellos&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFA_HwoEzSQUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ahdel-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ahdel_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ahdel_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanheritage0000unse_a1o7"><i>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i></a></span> (4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin. 2000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-82517-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-82517-2"><bdi>0-395-82517-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-395-82517-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanheritage0000unse_a1o7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collins-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-collins_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collins_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/">"Collins English Dictionary"</a>. 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Clarendon Press. 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-861186-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-861186-2"><bdi>0-19-861186-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-861186-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdpIwuwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed_web-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oed_web_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oed_web_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com">"Oxford English Dictionary"</a></span>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-random-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-random_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-random_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Random House Dictionary of the English Language</i> (2nd ed.). Random House. 1987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Random+House+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsoed-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nsoed_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsoed_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownLittle1993" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Lesley; Little, William (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UCzGvQEACAAJ"><i>The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0198612710" title="Special:BookSources/0198612710"><bdi>0198612710</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Shorter+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0198612710&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Lesley&rft.au=Little%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUCzGvQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webster-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-webster_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webster_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster1981" class="citation book cs1">Webster, Noah (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CXR-tTsHo58C"><i>Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged</i></a>. Merriam-Webster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0877792011" title="Special:BookSources/0877792011"><bdi>0877792011</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+Third+New+International+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language%2C+Unabridged&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0877792011&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCXR-tTsHo58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rowlett-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rowlett_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rowlett_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlett" class="citation web cs1">Rowlett, Russ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000301234049/http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/index.html">"How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measures"</a>. Russ Rowlett and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/index.html">the original</a> on 1 March 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Many%3F+A+Dictionary+of+Units+of+Measures&rft.pub=Russ+Rowlett+and+the+University+of+North+Carolina+at+Chapel+Hill&rft.aulast=Rowlett&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unc.edu%2F~rowlett%2Funits%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-farrar-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-farrar_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmerson1894" class="citation book cs1">Emerson, Oliver Farrar (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SRM_AAAAYAAJ"><i>The History of the English Language</i></a>. Macmillan and Co. p. 316.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+English+Language&rft.pages=316&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Co.&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Emerson&rft.aufirst=Oliver+Farrar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSRM_AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-centillion-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-centillion_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=centillion">"Entry for <i>centillion</i> in dictionary.com"</a>. dictionary.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Entry+for+centillion+in+dictionary.com&rft.pub=dictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dcentillion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zimbabwe-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zimbabwe_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7832601.stm">"Zimbabwe rolls out Z$100tr note"</a>. BBC News. 16 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zimbabwe+rolls+out+Z%24100tr+note&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2009-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F7832601.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunningham2024" class="citation web cs1">Cunningham, Doug (31 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2024/10/31/Google-huge-fine/8411730386289">"Russian court levies huge $20 decillion fine against Google"</a>. <i>United Press International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Russian+court+levies+huge+%2420+decillion+fine+against+Google&rft.date=2024-10-31&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FWorld-News%2F2024%2F10%2F31%2FGoogle-huge-fine%2F8411730386289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/31/russia-20-decillion-fine-against-google-symbolic-youtube-ban-pro-kremlin-media">"Russia says $20 decillion fine against Google is 'symbolic'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Agence France-Presse. 31 October 2024. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Russia+says+%2420+decillion+fine+against+Google+is+%27symbolic%27&rft.date=2024-10-31&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Foct%2F31%2Frussia-20-decillion-fine-against-google-symbolic-youtube-ban-pro-kremlin-media&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kasner-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kasner_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasnerNewman1940" class="citation book cs1">Kasner, Edward; Newman, James (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-bXDAgAAQBAJ"><i>Mathematics and the Imagination</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-41703-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-41703-4"><bdi>0-486-41703-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathematics+and+the+Imagination&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1940&rft.isbn=0-486-41703-4&rft.aulast=Kasner&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Newman%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-bXDAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conway-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conway_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conway_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conway_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conway_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conway_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conway_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conway_17-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConwayGuy1998" class="citation book cs1">Conway, J. H.; Guy, R. K. (1998). <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Numbers_(math_book)" title="The Book of Numbers (math book)"><i>The Book of Numbers</i></a>. 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Oxford University Press. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-875523-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-875523-4"><bdi>978-0-19-875523-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Infinity%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-19-875523-4&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiewwDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANames+of+large+numbers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iec_80000-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iec_80000_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/31898.html">"IEC 80000-13:2008"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a>. 15 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Large_numbers" title="Template:Large numbers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Large_numbers" title="Template talk:Large numbers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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title="Trillion">Trillion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1015" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">Quadrillion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1018" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">Quintillion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1021" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">Sextillion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1024" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">Septillion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1027" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">Octillion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1030" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">Nonillion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1033" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">Decillion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddington_number" title="Eddington number">Eddington number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googol" title="Googol">Googol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_number" title="Shannon number">Shannon number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googolplex" title="Googolplex">Googolplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skewes%27s_number" title="Skewes's number">Skewes's number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinhaus%E2%80%93Moser_notation" title="Steinhaus–Moser notation">Moser's number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham%27s_number" title="Graham's number">Graham's number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kruskal%27s_tree_theorem" title="Kruskal's tree theorem">TREE(3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedman%27s_SSCG_function" title="Friedman's SSCG function">SSCG(3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchholz_hydra#BH(n)" title="Buchholz hydra">BH(3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayo%27s_number" title="Rayo's number">Rayo's number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity" title="Infinity">Infinity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expression<br />methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_notation" title="Scientific notation">Scientific notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth%27s_up-arrow_notation" title="Knuth's up-arrow notation">Knuth's up-arrow notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_chained_arrow_notation" title="Conway chained arrow notation">Conway chained arrow notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinhaus%E2%80%93Moser_notation" title="Steinhaus–Moser notation">Steinhaus–Moser notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperoperation" title="Hyperoperation">Hyperoperation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetration" title="Tetration">Tetration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentation" title="Pentation">Pentation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ackermann_function" title="Ackermann function">Ackermann function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grzegorczyk_hierarchy" title="Grzegorczyk hierarchy">Grzegorczyk hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast-growing_hierarchy" title="Fast-growing hierarchy">Fast-growing hierarchy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />articles<br />(alphabetical <br />order)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busy_beaver" title="Busy beaver">Busy beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_real_number_line" title="Extended real number line">Extended real number line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indefinite_and_fictitious_numbers" title="Indefinite and fictitious numbers">Indefinite and fictitious numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinitesimal" title="Infinitesimal">Infinitesimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largest_known_prime_number" title="Largest known prime number">Largest known prime number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbers" title="List of numbers">List of numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_and_short_scales" title="Long and short scales">Long and short scales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number" title="Number">Number systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numeral_(linguistics)" title="Numeral (linguistics)">Number names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">Orders of magnitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_two" title="Power of two">Power of two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_three" title="Power of three">Power of three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_10" title="Power of 10">Power of 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan#Sagan_units" title="Carl Sagan">Sagan Unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_large_numbers" title="History of large numbers">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Names_of_large_numbers&oldid=1275442035">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Names_of_large_numbers&oldid=1275442035</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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