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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> This article is about the Dutch linguist. For the Dutch botanist, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Hendrikus_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johannes Hendrikus Kern">Johannes Hendrikus Kern</a>. </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style> <table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> <div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"> <b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talk:Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"> <table class="box-Rough_translation plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-rough_translation" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This article <b>may be a rough <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Translation">translation</a> from Dutch</b>. 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?as_eq%3Dwikipedia%26q%3D%2522Johan%2BHendrik%2BCaspar%2BKern%2522">"Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?tbm%3Dnws%26q%3D%2522Johan%2BHendrik%2BCaspar%2BKern%2522%2B-wikipedia%26tbs%3Dar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?%26q%3D%2522Johan%2BHendrik%2BCaspar%2BKern%2522%26tbs%3Dbkt:s%26tbm%3Dbks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?tbs%3Dbks:1%26q%3D%2522Johan%2BHendrik%2BCaspar%2BKern%2522%2B-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q%3D%2522Johan%2BHendrik%2BCaspar%2BKern%2522">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query%3D%2522Johan%2BHendrik%2BCaspar%2BKern%2522%26acc%3Don%26wc%3Don">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> <p><b>Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern</b> (6 April 1833 – 4 July 1917) was a Dutch <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linguistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linguistics">linguist</a> and Orientalist. In the literature, he is usually referred to as <b>H. Kern</b> or <b>Hendrik Kern</b>; a few other scholars bear the same surname.</p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <table class="infobox biography vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"> <div class="fn"> Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern.jpg/220px-Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern.jpg/330px-Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern.jpg/440px-Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1144"></a></span> <div class="infobox-caption"> Kern painted by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Josseaud&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Johannes Josseaud (page does not exist)">Johannes Josseaud</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18516673%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q18516673"><span title=""Johannes Josseaud" in other languages">Wikidata</span></a>]</span> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leiden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th> <td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1833-04-06</span>)</span>6 April 1833<br> <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Purworejo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Purworejo">Purworejo</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th> <td class="infobox-data">4 July 1917<span style="display:none">(1917-07-04)</span> (aged 84)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th> <td class="infobox-data role">Professor</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alma_mater?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utrecht_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht University</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leiden_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral advisor</th> <td class="infobox-data">A. Rutgers</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th> <td class="infobox-data">Linguistics</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Maastricht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maastricht">University of Maastricht</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banaras_Hindu_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banaras Hindu University">Banaras Hindu University</a></li> <li>Queen's College, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benares?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Benares">Benares</a></li> <li>Leiden University</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Work"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Work</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Select_bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Select bibliography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Hendrik Kern was born to Dutch parents in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Java_(island)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (island)">Central-Javanese</a> town of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Purworejo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Purworejo">Purworejo</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>; however, when he was six, his family repatriated to the Netherlands. When he entered grammar school, he added the extra-curricular subjects of English and Italian to his studies.</p> <p>In 1850, he went to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utrecht_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht University</a> to study Letters. In 1851, he moved to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leiden_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a> to avail himself of the opportunity to read <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanskrit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> with Professor A. Rutgers. After obtaining his Doctor's Degree in 1855, he moved to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, where he continued his Sanskrit studies as a pupil of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albrecht_Weber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albrecht Weber">Albrecht Weber</a>, and also took up Germanic and Slavonic languages.</p> <p>On his return to the Netherlands in 1858, Dr Kern accepted a post as a lecturer of Greek at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maastricht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a>. In 1863, he was offered a Professorship in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benares?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Benares">Benares</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a> where he taught Sanskrit at Brahmana and Queen's Colleges until 1865, when he was offered the Chair of Sanskrit at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leiden_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a>. He remained there until his retirement in 1903, when he moved to the city of Utrecht. In 1866 he became member of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Professor Kern continued work after his retirement. When his wife died in 1916, he was heart-broken and out-lived her by less than a year.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Work" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Leiden133.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Leiden133.JPG/220px-Leiden133.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Leiden133.JPG/220px-Leiden133.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Leiden133.JPG/330px-Leiden133.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Leiden133.JPG/440px-Leiden133.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Bust Hendrik Kern by Charles van Wijk </figcaption> </figure> <p>Together with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herman_Neubronner_van_der_Tuuk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herman Neubronner van der Tuuk">Herman Neubronner van der Tuuk</a>, Kern is regarded as one of the founding fathers of Oriental Studies in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. His interest in languages was great, as witness his decision to take up English and Italian while still a secondary school pupil. In addition, he displayed an extraordinary ability to study, and to master, a wide variety of languages.</p> <p>At first, his studies were restricted (if "restricted" is indeed the correct word) to Indo-European languages, ranging from the Germanic sub-group to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanskrit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>. His thesis, entitled <i>Specimen historicum exhibens scriptores Graecos de rebus Persicis Achaemenidarum monumentis collatos</i> (1855) broadened the field to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, showing that inscriptions in that language could now be used to extend our knowledge of Ancient <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>. While in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benares?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Benares">Benares</a>, he applied himself to the study of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dravidian_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian languages</a> as well as picking up some <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebrew_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, but also learnt sufficient <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hungarian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> to be able to read novels in that non-Indo-European language within a year. His studies also included the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaysia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaysia">Malay</a> languages.</p> <p>In 1874, he published an edition of the astronomer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aryabhata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aryabhata">Āryabhata</a>'s work, thus putting out the first publication in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devanagari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devanagari">Nagara</a> script in the Netherlands.</p> <p>Apart from promoting the study of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanskrit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, Professor Kern laid the foundation for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austronesian_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> studies by Dutch scholars. It is as a comparativist and a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philologist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologist">philologist</a> that he gained his great reputation. In 1879 he worked on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khmer_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khmer language">Cambodian</a> inscriptions, then turned his attention to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kawi_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawi language">Kawi</a> (or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_Javanese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a>) and in 1886 showed that <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fijian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fijian language">Fijian</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polynesian_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian</a> were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cognate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cognate">cognate</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages">languages</a>. He was the first scholar to propose that the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceanic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic languages</a> constituted a sub-group of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austronesian_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian language">Austronesian</a> (or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayo-Polynesian">Malayo-Polynesian</a>, as the language family was then called), and in 1906 he published a study of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aneityum_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aneityum language">Aneityum</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erromanga_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Erromanga languages">Erromanga</a>, two languages in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vanuatu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> branch of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceanic_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic</a> sub-group.</p> <p>His interests were not restricted to pure <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linguistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>. Thus, in 1889 he made use of the "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C3%B6rter_und_Sachen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wörter und Sachen">Wörter und Sachen</a>" method (which compares designations for plants, animals and objects in cognate languages) to ascertain a putative dispersal centre for the "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayo-Polynesian">Malayo-Polynesian</a>" peoples.</p> <p>Kern's versatility also showed itself in his cultural studies. His <i>History of Buddhism in India</i> (1881–83), displays a thorough command of its subject. However, the author has been criticised for an incomplete understanding of Eastern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astrology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astrology">astrology</a> and mysticism, which may in part have been due to his <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Positivist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Positivist">positivist</a> approach. Professor Kern has also been said to have borne a deep distrust of his contemporary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neogrammarians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neogrammarians">Neogrammarians</a>.</p> <p>He published extensively, and his influence on subsequent linguists, both in the Netherlands and elsewhere, has been profound.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Select_bibliography">Select bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Select bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Kern's chief work is considered to be <i>Geschiedenis van het Buddhisme in Indië</i> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haarlem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a>, 2 vols., 1881–1883). In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/English_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="English language">English</a> he wrote a translation of the <i>Saddharma Pundarika</i> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, 1884, published as Vol. 21 of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Max_M%C3%BCller?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Max Müller">Max Müller</a>'s <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sacred_Books_of_the_East?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sacred Books of the East">Sacred Books of the East</a></i>); and a <i>Manual of Indian Buddhism</i> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strassburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Strassburg">Strassburg</a>, 1896) for Buhler Kielhorn's <i>Grundriss der indoarischen Philologie</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>He also critically edited the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jataka-Mala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jataka-Mala">Jataka-Mala</a></i> of Arya Shura in the original Sanskrit [in Devanagari] which was published as volume 1 of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harvard_Oriental_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harvard Oriental Series">Harvard Oriental Series</a> in 1891. A second issue came in 1914.</p> <p>(With two exceptions, the following publications are in Dutch. The translation of a title in quotation marks indicates that no English translation of the work has come to notice.)</p> <ul> <li><i>Handleiding bij het onderwijs der Nederlandse taal</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("A Guide to the Teaching of Dutch") </dd> <dd> two vols, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zutphen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zutphen">Zutphen</a>, 1859–60, numerous reprints. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Korte Nederlandse Spraakkunst</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("A Concise Dutch Grammar") </dd> <dd> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haarlem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a>, 1872. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Over de schrijfwijze van eenige zamenst. in het Nederlands</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("On the Spelling of Some Compounds in Dutch") </dd> <dd> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utrecht_(city)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht (city)">Utrecht</a>, 1858. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Çakuntalā of het herkenningsteeken, Ind. tnsp. van Kālidāsa</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("Çacuntalā or the Mark of Recognition: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kalidasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kalidasa">Kālidāsa's</a> Indian Play") </dd> <dd> Haarlem, 1862. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Over het aandeel van Indië en de geschiedenis van de Beschaving, en den invloed der studie van het Sanskrit op de taalwetenschap</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("On the Share of India and the History of Civilisation, and the Influence of the Study of Sanskrit on Linguistics") </dd> <dd> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leiden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>, 1865. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Die Glossen in der Lex Salica und die Sprache der Salischen Franken</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("The Glosses in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salic_Law?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Salic Law">Salic Law</a> and the Language of the Salic Franks" [written in German]) </dd> <dd> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Hague?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, 1869. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Over de jaartelling der Zdl. Buddhisten</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("Concerning the Chronology of the Southern Buddhists") </dd> <dd> a publication of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen</a> (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 1874. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Wŗttasançaya, Oud-Javaans leerdicht over versbouw</i>, tekst en vert.</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("Wŗttasançaya, an Old-Javanese Didactic Poem on Metrical Construction": Text and Translation) </dd> <dd> Leiden, 1875. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Eene Indische sage in Javaansch gewaad</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("An Indian Legend in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Java_(island)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (island)">Javanese</a> Guise") </dd> <dd> a publication of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 1876. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Over de oudjavaanse vertaling van 't Mahābhārata</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("On the Old-Javanese Translation of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mahabharata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mahabharata">Mahābhārata</a>) </dd> <dd> a publication of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 1877. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Geschiedenis van het Buddhisme in Indië</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("A History of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buddhism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> in India") </dd> <dd> two vols, Haarlem, 1881–83. [Considered to be Kern's chief work.] </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Over den invloed der Indische, Arabische en Europese beschaving op de volken van den Indische Archipel</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("On the Influence of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">Indian</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europe">European</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civilisations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilisations">Civilisations</a> on the Peoples of the Indonesian <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archipelago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archipelago">Archipelago</a>") </dd> <dd> Leiden, 1883. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Saddharma-Pundarîka, or, the Lotus of the True Law</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> (First English translation of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lotus_Sutra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lotus Sutra">Lotus Sutra</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </dd> <dd> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, 1884. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Verklaring van eenige woorden in Pali-geschriften</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("An Explanation of Some Words in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C4%81li?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pāli">Pali</a> Writings") </dd> <dd> a publication of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 1886. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>De Fidji-taal vergeleken met hare verwanten in Indonesië en Polynesië</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> Language As Compared to Its Cognates in Indonesia and Polynesia") </dd> <dd> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amsterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, 1886. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Tekstuitgave van het Oud-Javaanse heldendicht Rāmāyana</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("A Text Edition of the Old-Javanese <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ramayana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ramayana">Rāmāyana</a> Epic") </dd> <dd> The Hague, 1900. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>De legende van Kunjarakarna</i></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("The Legend of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kunjarakarna&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kunjarakarna (page does not exist)">Kunjarakarna</a>") </dd> <dd> Amsterdam, 1901. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><i>Taalvergelijkende verhandeling over het Aneityumsch, met een Aanhangsel over het Klankstelsel van het Eromanga</i> [sic]</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> ("A Comparative Treatise of Aneityum: With an Appendix on the Sound System of Erromanga") </dd> <dd> Amsterdam, 1906. </dd> </dl> <ul> <li>Hendrik Kern, <i>Verspreide Geschriften,</i> 's-Gravenhage, M. Nijhoff, 15 v., 1913–28.</li> <li>Numerous contributions to <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/KITLV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="KITLV">Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde</a></i> and other learned journals.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype%3DauthorDetail%26aId%3DPE00001238">"J.H.C. Kern (1833–1917)"</a>. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J.H.C.+Kern+%281833%E2%80%931917%29&rft.pub=Royal+Netherlands+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwc.knaw.nl%2Fbiografie%2Fpmknaw%2F%3Fpagetype%3DauthorDetail%26aId%3DPE00001238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohan+Hendrik+Caspar+Kern" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Public_domain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Public domain">public domain</a>:  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica/Kern,_Jan_Hendrik" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kern, Jan Hendrik">Kern, Jan Hendrik</a>". <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 757.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kern%2C+Jan+Hendrik&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=757&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohan+Hendrik+Caspar+Kern" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/lotus/">The Lotus Sutra Index</a> at www.sacred-texts.com</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li>Silk, Jonathan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.buddhismandsocialjustice.com/SILK/Silk%25202012%2520Kern%2520%26%2520Dhammarucikas%2520JPTS%252031.pdf">Kern and the Study of Indian Buddhism: With a Speculative Note on the Ceylonese Dhammarucikas</a>. Journal of the Pali Text Society 31, 125–154.</li> <li>Thomas, F. W.; Vogel, J. Ph.; Blagden, C. O. (January 1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25209372">Hendrik Kern</a>, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 173–184  – via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li>Vetter, Tilmann (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://iriab.soka.ac.jp/en/publication/aririab.html">Hendrik Kern and the Lotus Sutra</a>, Annual Report of The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the year 1998, pp. 129–142</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/lotus/">Kern's English-language translation of <i>Saddharma Pundarīka</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn3/kern">Biography in Dutch</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/bran038biog01/bran038biog01_2222.htm">Biography in Dutch, outdated, but includes bibliography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.research.leidenuniv.nl/index.php3?m%3D36%26c%3D96">Portrait of Professor Kern</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="BD2412" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1731953358"> <span>Last edited on 18 November 2024, at 18:09</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D9%2588%25D9%2586_%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2583_%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586" title="جون هندريك كاسبار كيرن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون هندريك كاسبار كيرن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern" title="Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Kern" title="Hendrik Kern – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hendrik Kern" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern" title="Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern" title="Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern" title="Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D9%2588%25D9%2586_%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2583_%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586" title="جون هندريك كاسبار كيرن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون هندريك كاسبار كيرن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Kern" title="Hendrik Kern – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hendrik Kern" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Hendrik_Caspar_Kern" title="Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johan Hendrik Caspar Kern" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Kern" title="Hendrik Kern – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hendrik Kern" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD,_%25D0%2599%25D0%25BE%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Керн, Йохан Хендрик Каспар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Керн, Йохан Хендрик Каспар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._Kern" title="H. Kern – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="H. Kern" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Kern" title="Hendrik Kern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hendrik Kern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 18:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a 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