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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>World wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Indian independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflicts_and_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflicts_and_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Conflicts and operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflicts_and_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Kashmir_War_(1947)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Kashmir_War_(1947)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>First Kashmir War (1947)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Kashmir_War_(1947)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annexation_of_Hyderabad_(1948)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annexation_of_Hyderabad_(1948)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Annexation of Hyderabad (1948)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annexation_of_Hyderabad_(1948)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assistance_during_the_Korean_War_(1950–1953)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assistance_during_the_Korean_War_(1950–1953)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>Assistance during the Korean War (1950–1953)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assistance_during_the_Korean_War_(1950–1953)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annexation_of_Goa,_Daman_and_Diu_(1961)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annexation_of_Goa,_Daman_and_Diu_(1961)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.4</span> <span>Annexation of Goa, Daman and Diu (1961)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annexation_of_Goa,_Daman_and_Diu_(1961)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sino-Indian_War_(1962)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sino-Indian_War_(1962)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.5</span> <span>Sino-Indian War (1962)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sino-Indian_War_(1962)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.6</span> <span>Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1967_Sino-Indian_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1967_Sino-Indian_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.7</span> <span>1967 Sino-Indian conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1967_Sino-Indian_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_against_the_Naxalites_during_1971" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_against_the_Naxalites_during_1971"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.8</span> <span>Operation against the Naxalites during 1971</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_against_the_Naxalites_during_1971-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangladesh_Liberation_War_of_1971" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh_Liberation_War_of_1971"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.9</span> <span>Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh_Liberation_War_of_1971-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siachen_conflict_(1984)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siachen_conflict_(1984)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.10</span> <span>Siachen conflict (1984)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siachen_conflict_(1984)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counter-insurgency_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counter-insurgency_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.11</span> <span>Counter-insurgency activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counter-insurgency_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kargil_war_(1999)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kargil_war_(1999)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.12</span> <span>Kargil war (1999)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kargil_war_(1999)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_Surgical_Strikes_on_Kashmir_and_the_2016–2018_India-Pakistan_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_Surgical_Strikes_on_Kashmir_and_the_2016–2018_India-Pakistan_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.13</span> <span>2016 Surgical Strikes on Kashmir and the 2016–2018 India-Pakistan conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_Surgical_Strikes_on_Kashmir_and_the_2016–2018_India-Pakistan_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019_India–Pakistan_border_skirmishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_India–Pakistan_border_skirmishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.14</span> <span>2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_India–Pakistan_border_skirmishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.15</span> <span>United Nations peacekeeping missions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indo-China_Doklam_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indo-China_Doklam_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.16</span> <span>Indo-China Doklam issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indo-China_Doklam_issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_exercises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_exercises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Major exercises</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_exercises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Operation_Brasstacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Brasstacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Operation Brasstacks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Brasstacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exercise_Nomadic_Elephant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exercise_Nomadic_Elephant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>Exercise Nomadic Elephant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exercise_Nomadic_Elephant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exercise_Ashwamedha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exercise_Ashwamedha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.3</span> <span>Exercise Ashwamedha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exercise_Ashwamedha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exercise_Yudh_Abhyas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exercise_Yudh_Abhyas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.4</span> <span>Exercise Yudh Abhyas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exercise_Yudh_Abhyas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exercise_Shakti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exercise_Shakti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.5</span> <span>Exercise Shakti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exercise_Shakti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exercise_Shoorveer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exercise_Shoorveer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.6</span> <span>Exercise Shoorveer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exercise_Shoorveer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exercise_Rudra_Akrosh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exercise_Rudra_Akrosh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.7</span> <span>Exercise Rudra Akrosh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exercise_Rudra_Akrosh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exercise_Shatrujeet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exercise_Shatrujeet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.8</span> <span>Exercise Shatrujeet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exercise_Shatrujeet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_and_doctrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_and_doctrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mission and doctrine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_and_doctrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Command_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Command_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Command structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Command_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combat_Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combat_Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Combat Arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combat_Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Armoured_Corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armoured_Corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Armoured Corps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armoured_Corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanised_Infantry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanised_Infantry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Mechanised Infantry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanised_Infantry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infantry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infantry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Infantry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infantry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artillery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artillery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>Artillery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artillery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corps_of_Engineers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corps_of_Engineers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.5</span> <span>Corps of Engineers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corps_of_Engineers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corps_of_Signals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corps_of_Signals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.6</span> <span>Corps of Signals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corps_of_Signals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Army_Aviation_Corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Army_Aviation_Corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.7</span> <span>Army Aviation Corps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Army_Aviation_Corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corps_of_Army_Air_Defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corps_of_Army_Air_Defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.8</span> <span>Corps of Army Air Defence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corps_of_Army_Air_Defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recruitment_and_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recruitment_and_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Recruitment and training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recruitment_and_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agnipath_Scheme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agnipath_Scheme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1.1</span> <span>Agnipath Scheme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agnipath_Scheme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intelligence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intelligence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Intelligence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intelligence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-STEAG" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#STEAG"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>STEAG</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-STEAG-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Field_formations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Field_formations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Field formations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Field_formations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Army_forts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Army_forts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Indian Army forts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Army_forts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personnel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personnel subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rank_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Rank structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uniforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uniforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Uniforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uniforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medals_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medals_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Medals and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medals_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agnipath_Recruiting_Scheme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agnipath_Recruiting_Scheme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Agnipath Recruiting Scheme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agnipath_Recruiting_Scheme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Equipment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Future developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infantry_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infantry_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Infantry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infantry_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Small_Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Small_Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Small Arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Small_Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanised_Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanised_Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Mechanised Forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanised_Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>Aviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.5</span> <span>Missiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artillery_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artillery_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.6</span> <span>Artillery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artillery_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.7</span> <span>Vehicles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian Army</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="الجيش الهندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجيش الهندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="ভারতীয় সেনাবাহিনী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতীয় সেনাবাহিনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय सेना – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारतीय सेना" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indick%C3%A1_arm%C3%A1da" title="Indická armáda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indická armáda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indisches_Heer" title="Indisches Heer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indisches Heer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%9E%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Ινδικός Στρατός Ξηράς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδικός Στρατός Ξηράς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ej%C3%A9rcito_de_la_India" title="Ejército de la India – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ejército de la India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نیروی زمینی هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروی زمینی هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_de_terre_indienne" title="Armée de terre indienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Armée de terre indienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE" title="ભારતીય ભૂમિસેના – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારતીય ભૂમિસેના" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EC%9C%A1%EA%B5%B0" title="인도 육군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도 육군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հնդկաստանի ցամաքային զորքեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնդկաստանի ցամաքային զորքեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय थलसेना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय थलसेना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Darat_India" title="Angkatan Darat India – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angkatan Darat India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esercito_dell%27India" title="Esercito dell'India – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esercito dell'India" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95" title="צבא הודו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צבא הודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ಭೂಸೇನೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತೀಯ ಭೂಸೇನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8" title="ഇന്ത്യൻ കരസേന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യൻ കരസേന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="भारतीय लष्कर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारतीय लष्कर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentera_Darat_India" title="Tentera Darat India – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tentera Darat India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय सेना – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारतीय सेना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="インド陸軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド陸軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_indiske_h%C3%A6ren" title="Den indiske hæren – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den indiske hæren" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%B3%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE" title="ଭାରତୀୟ ସ୍ଥଳସେନା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତୀୟ ସ୍ଥଳସେନା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiston_armiyasi" title="Hindiston armiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindiston armiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9C" title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਫੌਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਫੌਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC" title="بھارتی فوج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارتی فوج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indian Army" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex%C3%A9rcito_Indiano" title="Exército Indiano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Exército Indiano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Сухопутные войска Индии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сухопутные войска Индии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीयभूसेना – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भारतीयभूसेना" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a 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For the pre 1947 force, see <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a>. For others, see <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">Military history of India</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Indian Army</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><i>Bhāratīya Sēnā</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army_Insignia_round.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Indian_Army_Insignia_round.png/200px-Indian_Army_Insignia_round.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Indian_Army_Insignia_round.png/300px-Indian_Army_Insignia_round.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Indian_Army_Insignia_round.png/400px-Indian_Army_Insignia_round.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ensign of the Indian Army</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">26 January 1950<span class="noprint">; 75 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1950-01-26</span>)</span> (<i>in current form</i>) <hr /> <p>1 April 1895<span class="noprint">; 129 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1895-04-01</span>)</span> (<i>as <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a></i>) </p> <hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ground_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground warfare">Land warfare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1,232,000 active personnel<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>900,000 reserve personnel<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />~<a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft#Army_Aviation_Corps" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">310 manned aircraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_New_Delhi" title="Secretariat Building, New Delhi">Integrated Defence Headquarters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Sanskrit language) transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Sevā Paramo Dharmaḥ</i></span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a>)</small> <br /> <abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> "Service Before Self"</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data">Gold, red and black<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFD700; color:black;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D90000; color:white;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000000; color:white;"> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Quick: <i><a href="/wiki/Qadam_Qadam_Badhaye_Ja" title="Qadam Qadam Badhaye Ja">Qadam Qadam Badhaye Ja</a></i> <br />(Keep stepping forward)</li> <li>Slow: <i><a href="/wiki/Samman_Guard" title="Samman Guard">Samman Guard</a></i> <br />(The Guard of Honour)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Anniversaries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Army_Day_(India)" title="Army Day (India)">Army Day</a>: 15 January</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div><i>See list:</i></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Wars_involving_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Wars involving India">Large scale international conflicts</a></b> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mahdist_War" title="Mahdist War">Mahdist War (1881–1899)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I (1914–1918)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II (1939–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></span></li></ul> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Wars_involving_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Wars involving India">Wars with</a> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></b> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tirah_campaign" title="Tirah campaign">Tirah campaign (1897–1898)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)">Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)</a></span></li></ul> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Wars_involving_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Wars involving India">Wars with</a> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></b> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War (1962)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nathu_La_and_Cho_La_clashes" title="Nathu La and Cho La clashes">Second Sino-Indian War (1967)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020%E2%80%932022_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes" title="Timeline of the 2020–2022 China–India skirmishes">China–India border skirmishes</a></span></li></ul> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Civil War">Sri Lankan Civil War</a></b> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_intervention_in_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War">Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War (1987–1990)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1988_Maldives_coup_attempt" title="1988 Maldives coup attempt">Indian intervention in Maldives coup d'etat (1988)</a></span></li></ul> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Wars with Pakistan</a></b> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">First Kashmir War (1947–1949)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Siachen_conflict" title="Siachen conflict">Siachen conflict (1984–2003)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War (1999)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts#Past_skirmishes_and_standoffs" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">India-Pakistan standoffs and border skirmishes</a></span></li></ul> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/Wars_involving_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Wars involving India">Minor conflicts and annexations</a></b> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/British_expedition_to_Tibet" title="British expedition to Tibet">Expedition to Tibet (1903–1904)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Annexation of Hyderabad (1948)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa (1961)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" title="Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (1954)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/1975_Sikkimese_monarchy_referendum#Background" title="1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum">Invasion of Sikkim (1975)</a></span></li></ul> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_India" title="List of wars involving India">Domestic conflicts</a></b> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir (1989–)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Insurgency in Northeast India (1954–)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite-Maoist insurgency (1967–)</a></span></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianarmy.nic.in/">indianarmy.nic.in</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief#India" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-Chief</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Chief of the Army Staff (COAS)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_COAS.svg/23px-Flag_COAS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_COAS.svg/35px-Flag_COAS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_COAS.svg/45px-Flag_COAS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/General_(India)" title="General (India)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Upendra_Dwivedi" title="Upendra Dwivedi">Upendra Dwivedi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCOAS)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Indian_Vice_Chief_of_Army_Staff.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Vice_Chief_of_Army_Staff.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Indian_Vice_Chief_of_Army_Staff.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Vice_Chief_of_Army_Staff.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Indian_Vice_Chief_of_Army_Staff.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Vice_Chief_of_Army_Staff.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="562" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(India)" title="Lieutenant general (India)">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/N._S._Raja_Subramani" title="N. S. Raja Subramani">N. S. Raja Subramani</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (DCOAS)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(India)" title="Lieutenant general (India)">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/Tarun_Kumar_Aich" title="Tarun Kumar Aich">Tarun Kumar Aich</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Field_Marshal.jpg/23px-Flag_of_Field_Marshal.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Field_Marshal.jpg/35px-Flag_of_Field_Marshal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Field_Marshal.jpg/45px-Flag_of_Field_Marshal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2174" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(India)" title="Field marshal (India)">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Kodandera_Madappa_Cariappa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodandera Madappa Cariappa">K. M. Cariappa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Field_Marshal.jpg/23px-Flag_of_Field_Marshal.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Field_Marshal.jpg/35px-Flag_of_Field_Marshal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Field_Marshal.jpg/45px-Flag_of_Field_Marshal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2174" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(India)" title="Field marshal (India)">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Manekshaw" title="Sam Manekshaw">Sam Manekshaw</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_COAS.svg/23px-Flag_COAS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_COAS.svg/35px-Flag_COAS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_COAS.svg/45px-Flag_COAS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/General_(India)" title="General (India)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Kodandera_Subayya_Thimayya" title="Kodandera Subayya Thimayya">K. S. Thimayya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Flag</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/200px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/300px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/400px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Aircraft flown</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Attack_helicopter" title="Attack helicopter">Attack helicopter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HAL_Rudra" title="HAL Rudra">HAL Rudra</a>, <a href="/wiki/HAL_Prachand" title="HAL Prachand">HAL Prachand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Utility_helicopter" title="Utility helicopter">Utility helicopter</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HAL_Dhruv" title="HAL Dhruv">HAL Dhruv</a>, <a href="/wiki/HAL_Chetak" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Chetak">HAL Chetak</a>, <a href="/wiki/HAL_Cheetah" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Cheetah">HAL Cheetah</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <p>The <b>Indian Army</b> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a>: <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Bhāratīya Sēnā</i></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">land-based branch</a> and largest component of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Supreme Commander</a> of the Indian Army,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its professional head is the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_of_the_Indian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army">Chief of Army Staff</a> (COAS). The <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">Indian Army</a> was established on 1 April 1895 alongside the long established presidency armies of the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>, which too were absorbed into it in 1903. Some princely states maintained their own armies which formed the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Service_Troops" title="Imperial Service Troops">Imperial Service Troops</a> which, along with the Indian Army formed the land component of the Armed Forces of the Crown of India, responsible for the defence of the Indian Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sikhs_Across_Borders_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikhs_Across_Borders-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Imperial Service Troops were merged into the Indian Army after <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of India">independence</a>. The units and regiments of the Indian Army have diverse histories and have participated in several battles and campaigns around the world, earning many <a href="/wiki/Battle_and_theatre_honours_of_the_Indian_Army" title="Battle and theatre honours of the Indian Army">battle and theatre honours</a> before and after Independence.<sup id="cite_ref-Sarbans_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarbans-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary mission of the Indian Army is to ensure national security and national unity, to defend the nation from external aggression and internal threats, and to maintain peace and security within <a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_India" title="Category:Borders of India">its borders</a>. It conducts humanitarian rescue operations during natural calamities and other disturbances, such as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Surya_Hope" title="Operation Surya Hope">Operation Surya Hope</a>, and can also be requisitioned by the government to cope with internal threats. It is a major component of national power, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The independent Indian army has been involved in <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_India" title="List of wars involving India">four wars</a> with neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and one with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. Other major operations undertaken by the army include <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vijay_(1961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Vijay (1961)">Operation Vijay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Meghdoot" title="Operation Meghdoot">Operation Meghdoot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus">Operation Cactus</a>. The army has conducted large peacetime exercises such as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Brasstacks" title="Operation Brasstacks">Operation Brasstacks</a> and Exercise Shoorveer, and it has also been an active participant in numerous <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions">United Nations peacekeeping missions</a>. The Indian Army was a major force in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World Wars</a>, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern theatre</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="South-East Asian Theatre">South-East Asian Theatre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North African campaigns</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><p>The Indian Army is operationally and geographically divided into <a href="#Command_structure">seven commands</a>, with the basic field formation being a <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">division</a>. The army is an <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_military" title="Volunteer military">all-volunteer force</a> and comprises more than 80% of the country's active defence personnel. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">largest standing army in the world</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 1,237,117<sup id="cite_ref-News18_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News18-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Economic_Times-2017_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economic_Times-2017-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> active troops and 960,000 reserve troops.<sup id="cite_ref-IISS_2014_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IISS_2014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The army has embarked on an infantry modernisation program known as Futuristic Infantry Soldier As a System (<a href="/wiki/F-INSAS" title="F-INSAS">F-INSAS</a>), and is also upgrading and acquiring new assets for its armoured, artillery, and aviation branches.<sup id="cite_ref-tmb2010_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tmb2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-isfeb10_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isfeb10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dn2a12_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dn2a12-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>Until the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">independence of India</a>, the "Indian Army" was a British-commanded force defined as "the force recruited locally and permanently based in India, together with its expatriate British officers";<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "British Army in India" referred to British Army units posted to India for a tour of duty. The "Army of India" meant the combined Indian Army and the British Army in India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_regiments_of_the_British_Indian_Army_(1903)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regiments of the British Indian Army (1903)">List of regiments of the British Indian Army (1903)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RML7pounderMountanGunHazaraBattery1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RML7pounderMountanGunHazaraBattery1895.jpg/220px-RML7pounderMountanGunHazaraBattery1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RML7pounderMountanGunHazaraBattery1895.jpg/330px-RML7pounderMountanGunHazaraBattery1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RML7pounderMountanGunHazaraBattery1895.jpg/440px-RML7pounderMountanGunHazaraBattery1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>No. 4 (<a href="/wiki/Hazara_District" title="Hazara District">Hazara</a>) Mountain Battery with RML7 pounder "Steel Gun" Mountain Gun in Review Order. Left to right Naick, Havaldar, Subadar (Sikhs) and Gunner (Punjabi Musalman) <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1895</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1776, a Military Department was created within the government of the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> at <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>. Its main function was to record orders that were issued to the army by various departments of the East India Company for the territories under its control.<sup id="cite_ref-mod-history_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mod-history-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/Charter_Act_1833" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter Act 1833">Charter Act 1833</a>, the Secretariat of the government of the East India Company was reorganised into four departments, including a Military Department. The army in the presidencies of <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras</a> functioned as respective Presidency Armies until 1 April 1895, when they were unified into a single force known as the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">Indian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For administrative convenience, it was divided into four commands, namely Punjab (including the North West Frontier), Bengal, Madras (including Burma), and Bombay (including Sind, Quetta and Aden).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Indian Army was a critical force for maintaining the primacy of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, both in India and throughout the world. Besides maintaining internal security,<sup id="cite_ref-Sikhs_Across_Borders_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikhs_Across_Borders-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Army fought in many other theatres: <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third</a> Anglo-Afghan war; the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> in China; in <a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_(battle_honour)" title="Abyssinia (battle honour)">Abyssinia</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/WWI" class="mw-redirect" title="WWI">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World Wars</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_wars">World wars</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_during_World_War_I" title="Indian Army during World War I">Indian Army during World War I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_during_World_War_II" title="Indian Army during World War II">Indian Army during World War II</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hodsons_Horse_France_1917_IWM_Q_2061.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hodsons_Horse_France_1917_IWM_Q_2061.jpg/220px-Hodsons_Horse_France_1917_IWM_Q_2061.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hodsons_Horse_France_1917_IWM_Q_2061.jpg/330px-Hodsons_Horse_France_1917_IWM_Q_2061.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hodsons_Horse_France_1917_IWM_Q_2061.jpg/440px-Hodsons_Horse_France_1917_IWM_Q_2061.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3369" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_Cavalry_Corps" title="Indian Cavalry Corps">Indian Cavalry</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> during World War I.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikh_soldier_with_captured_Swastika_flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Sikh_soldier_with_captured_Swastika_flag.jpg/220px-Sikh_soldier_with_captured_Swastika_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Sikh_soldier_with_captured_Swastika_flag.jpg/330px-Sikh_soldier_with_captured_Swastika_flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Sikh_soldier_with_captured_Swastika_flag.jpg/440px-Sikh_soldier_with_captured_Swastika_flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>A Sikh soldier of the 4th Division (the Red Eagles) of the Indian Army, attached to the British Fifth Army in Italy. Holding a captured <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Flag of Nazi Germany">Nazi flag</a> after the surrender of German forces in Italy, May 1945. Behind him, a fascist inscription says "VIVA IL DUCE", "Long live the <a href="/wiki/Duce" title="Duce">Duce</a>" (i.e. Mussolini).</figcaption></figure> <p>The Kitchener Reforms brought the British Army to a new century.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 20th century, the Indian Army was a crucial adjunct to the forces of the British Empire in both <a href="/wiki/World_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="World wars">world wars</a>. 1.3 million Indian soldiers served in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1914–1918) with the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies</a>, in which 74,187 Indian troops were killed or missing in action.<sup id="cite_ref-Urlanis_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urlanis-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="proximate citation does not support figures at page given (October 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1915 there was a <a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">mutiny</a> by Indian soldiers in Singapore. The United Kingdom made promises of self-governance to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> in return for its support but reneged on them after the war, following which the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement#First_World_War" title="Indian independence movement">Indian Independence movement</a> gained strength. </p><p>The "<a href="/wiki/Indianisation_(British_India)" title="Indianisation (British India)">Indianisation</a>" of the Indian Army began with the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Royal_Indian_Military_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College">Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College</a> at Dehradun, in March 1912, to provide education to the scions of aristocratic and well-to-do Indian families and to prepare selected Indian boys for admission into the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College,_Sandhurst" title="Royal Military College, Sandhurst">Royal Military College, Sandhurst</a>. Cadets were given a King's commission, after passing out, and were posted to one of the <a href="/wiki/Eight_Unit_Scheme_of_Indianisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight Unit Scheme of Indianisation">eight units</a> selected for Indianisation. Because of the slow pace of Indianisation, with just 69 officers being commissioned between 1918 and 1932, political pressure was applied, leading to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Military_Academy" title="Indian Military Academy">Indian Military Academy</a> in 1932 and greater numbers of officers of Indian origin being commissioned.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the eve of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the officer corps consisted of roughly 500 Indians holding regular commissions against approximately 3,000 British officers.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> Indian soldiers fought alongside the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>. In 1939, British officials had no plan for expansion and training of Indian forces, which comprised about 130,000 men (in addition there were 44,000 men in British units in India in 1939), whose mission was internal security and defence against a possible <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> threat through Afghanistan. As the war progressed, the size and role of the Indian Army expanded dramatically, and troops were sent to battlefronts as soon as possible. The most serious problem was the lack of equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indian units served in Burma, wherein 1944–45, five Indian divisions were engaged along with one British and three African divisions. Even larger numbers operated in the Middle East. Some 87,000 Indian soldiers died in the war. By the end of the war, it had become the largest <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_military" title="Volunteer military">volunteer army</a> in history, rising to over 2.5 million men in August 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-su25_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-su25-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CWrepdirect_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWrepdirect-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">African and Middle East campaigns</a>, captured Indian troops were given a choice to join the <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">German Army</a>, to eventually "liberate" India from Britain, instead of being sent to <a href="/wiki/POW_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="POW camp">POW camps</a>. These men, along with Indian students who were in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> when the war broke out, made up what was called the <a href="/wiki/Free_India_Legion" class="mw-redirect" title="Free India Legion">Free India Legion</a>. They were originally intended as pathfinders for German forces in Asia but were soon sent to help guard the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Wall" title="Atlantic Wall">Atlantic Wall</a>. Few who were part of the Free India Legion ever saw any combat, and very few were ever stationed outside Europe. At its height, the Free India Legion had over 3,000 troops in its ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indian POWs also joined the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a>, which was allied with the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>. It was raised by a former colonel of the Indian Army, General Mohan Singh, but was later led by <a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rash_Bihari_Bose" class="mw-redirect" title="Rash Bihari Bose">Rash Bihari Bose</a>. With the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">fall of Singapore</a> in 1942, about 40,000 Indian soldiers were captured. When given the choice, over 30,000 joined the Indian National Army. Those who refused became POWs and were mostly shipped to New Guinea.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After initial success, this army was defeated, along with the Japanese; but it had a huge impact on the Indian independence movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_independence">Indian independence</h3></div> <p>Upon the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of India">Indian independence</a> in 1947, four of the ten <a href="/wiki/Gurkha" title="Gurkha">Gurkha</a> regiments were transferred to the British Army. The rest of the Indian Army was divided between the newly created <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Union of India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Boundary_Force" title="Punjab Boundary Force">Punjab Boundary Force</a>, which had been formed to help police Punjab during the partition period, was disbanded.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Headquarters Delhi and the East Punjab Command were formed to administer the area. </p><p>The departure of virtually all senior British officers following independence, and their replacement by Indian officers, meant many of the latter held acting ranks several ranks above their substantive ones. For instance, <a href="/wiki/S._M._Shrinagesh" title="S. M. Shrinagesh">S. M. Shrinagesh</a>, the ground-forces commander of Indian forces during the first Indo-Pak War of 1947–49 (and the future third COAS), was first an acting major-general and then an acting lieutenant-general during the conflict while holding the substantive rank of major, and only received a substantive promotion to lieutenant-colonel in August 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gopal_Gurunath_Bewoor" title="Gopal Gurunath Bewoor">Gopal Gurunath Bewoor</a>, the future ninth COAS, was an acting colonel at his promotion to substantive major from substantive captain in 1949, while future Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/K._P._Candeth" class="mw-redirect" title="K. P. Candeth">K. P. Candeth</a> was an acting brigadier (substantive captain) at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1948, the former Viceroy's Commissioned Officers (VCO) were re-designated Junior Commissioned Officers, while the former King's Commissioned Indian Officers (KCIO) and Indian Commissioned Officers (ICO), along with the former Indian Other Ranks (IOR), were respectively re-designated as Officers and Other Ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Army_Day_(India)" title="Army Day (India)">Army Day</a> is celebrated on 15 January every year in India, in recognition of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General (India)">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/K._M._Cariappa" title="K. M. Cariappa">K. M. Cariappa</a>'s taking over as the first "Indian" Chief of the Army Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Indian Army from <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Roy_Bucher" title="Roy Bucher">Roy Bucher</a>, on 15 January 1949. With effect from 26 January 1950, the date India became a republic, all active-duty Indian Army officers formerly holding the King's Commission were recommissioned and confirmed in their substantive ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflicts_and_operations">Conflicts and operations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_operations_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Military operations of India">Military operations of India</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_Kashmir_War_(1947)"><span id="First_Kashmir_War_.281947.29"></span>First Kashmir War (1947)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></div> <p>Immediately after independence, tensions between India and Pakistan erupted into the first of three full-scale wars between the two nations over the then <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Dogra_dynasty" title="Dogra dynasty">Maharaja of Kashmir</a> wanted to have a standstill position. Since Kashmir was a <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> majority state, Pakistan wanted to make Kashmir a Pakistani territory. As a result, Pakistan invaded Kashmir on 22 October 1947, causing <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Hari_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Hari Singh">Maharaja Hari Singh</a> to look to India, specifically to <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Lord Mountbatten of Burma</a>, the governor-general, for help. He signed the <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession" title="Instrument of Accession">Instrument of Accession</a> to India on 26 October 1947. Indian troops were airlifted to Srinagar from dawn on 27 October.<sup id="cite_ref-TC_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TC-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This contingent included <a href="/wiki/General_Thimayya" class="mw-redirect" title="General Thimayya">General Thimayya</a> who distinguished himself in the operation and in the years that followed became a Chief of the Indian Army. An intense war was waged across the state and former comrades found themselves fighting each other. Pakistan suffered significant losses. Its forces were stopped on the line formed which is now called the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a> (LOC).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>An uneasy peace, sponsored by the UN, returned by the end of 1948, with Indian and Pakistani soldiers facing each other across the Line of Control, which has since divided Indian-held Kashmir from that part held by Pakistan. Several <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_resolution" title="United Nations Security Council resolution">UN Security Council resolutions</a> were passed, with <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_47" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 47">Resolution 47</a> calling for a plebiscite to be held in Kashmir to determine accession to India or Pakistan, only after Pakistan withdrew its army from Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-Kashmir_in_the_United_Nations_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kashmir_in_the_United_Nations-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A precondition to the resolution was for Pakistan and India to return to a <a href="/wiki/Status_quo_ante_bellum" title="Status quo ante bellum">state of "as was" before the conflict</a>. Pakistan would withdraw all tribesmen and Pakistani nationals brought in to fight in Kashmir. Pakistan refused to pull back, and there could be no further dialogue on fulfilling the UN resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kashmir_in_the_United_Nations_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kashmir_in_the_United_Nations-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tensions between India and Pakistan, largely over Kashmir, have never been eliminated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Annexation_of_Hyderabad_(1948)"><span id="Annexation_of_Hyderabad_.281948.29"></span>Annexation of Hyderabad (1948)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Polo" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Polo">Operation Polo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg/150px-Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg/225px-Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg/300px-Op_Polo_Surrender.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/General_El_Edroos" class="mw-redirect" title="General El Edroos">El Edroos</a> (at right) offers his surrender of the Hyderabad State Forces to Major General (later Army Chief) <a href="/wiki/Joyanto_Nath_Chaudhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri">J.N. Chaudhuri</a> at <a href="/wiki/Secunderabad" title="Secunderabad">Secunderabad</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the partition of India, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_State" title="Hyderabad State">Hyderabad State</a>, a princely state under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a>, chose to remain independent. The ensuing stand-off between the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> and the Nizam ended on 12 September 1948, when India's then Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel</a> ordered Indian troops to secure Hyderabad State. During five days of fighting, the Indian Army, backed by an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> squadron of <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Tempest" title="Hawker Tempest">Hawker Tempest</a> aircraft, routed the Hyderabad State forces. Five Indian Army infantry battalions and one armoured squadron were engaged in the operation. The following day, Hyderabad was proclaimed part of India. Major General <a href="/wiki/Joyanto_Nath_Chaudhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri">Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri</a>, who led the operation, and accepted the surrender of the Nizam's forces on 18 September 1948, was appointed the military governor of Hyderabad, to restore law and order, and served until 1949. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Assistance_during_the_Korean_War_(1950–1953)"><span id="Assistance_during_the_Korean_War_.281950.E2.80.931953.29"></span>Assistance during the Korean War (1950–1953)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></div> <p>During the Korean War, although deciding against sending combat forces, India sent its 60th Parachute Field Ambulance unit to aid the UN troops fighting against the North Korean invasion of South Korea, as part of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Commonwealth_Division" title="1st Commonwealth Division">1st Commonwealth Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath of the war, an Indian infantry brigade formed the Custodian Force of India, some of whose soldiers were also part of the <a href="/wiki/Neutral_Nations_Repatriation_Commission" title="Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission">Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission</a>, which assisted in the exchange of prisoners of war and was headed by Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Kodandera_Subayya_Thimayya" title="Kodandera Subayya Thimayya">K. S. Thimayya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Annexation_of_Goa,_Daman_and_Diu_(1961)"><span id="Annexation_of_Goa.2C_Daman_and_Diu_.281961.29"></span>Annexation of Goa, Daman and Diu (1961)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a></div> <p>Even though the British and French vacated all their colonial possessions in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> refused to relinquish control of its colonies of <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman, and Diu</a>. After repeated attempts by India to negotiate were spurned by Portuguese prime minister and dictator, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">António de Oliveira Salazar</a>, on 12 December 1961 India launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vijay_(1961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Vijay (1961)">Operation Vijay</a> to capture the Portuguese colonies, which was accomplished by small contingents of Indian troops. After a brief conflict that lasted twenty-six hours—during which 31 Portuguese soldiers were killed, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Navy" title="Portuguese Navy">Portuguese Navy</a> frigate <a href="/wiki/NRP_Afonso_de_Albuquerque" class="mw-redirect" title="NRP Afonso de Albuquerque">NRP Afonso de Albuquerque</a> was destroyed, and over 3,000 Portuguese were captured—Portuguese General <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ant%C3%B3nio_Vassalo_e_Silva" title="Manuel António Vassalo e Silva">Manuel António Vassalo e Silva</a> surrendered to Major General Kunhiraman Palat Kandoth of the Indian Army. Goa, Daman, and Diu became a part of the Republic of India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sino-Indian_War_(1962)"><span id="Sino-Indian_War_.281962.29"></span>Sino-Indian War (1962)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hall_of_Fame_Museum,_Leh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hall_of_Fame_Museum%2C_Leh.jpg/220px-Hall_of_Fame_Museum%2C_Leh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hall_of_Fame_Museum%2C_Leh.jpg/330px-Hall_of_Fame_Museum%2C_Leh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hall_of_Fame_Museum%2C_Leh.jpg/440px-Hall_of_Fame_Museum%2C_Leh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Indian Army Hall of Fame at <a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a>, near Indo-Tibet border</figcaption></figure> <p>The cause of this war was a dispute over the sovereignty of the widely separated <a href="/wiki/Aksai_Chin" title="Aksai Chin">Aksai Chin</a> and Arunachal Pradesh border regions. Aksai Chin, claimed by India as part of Kashmir, and by China as part of Xinjiang, contains an important road link that connects the Chinese regions of Tibet and Xinjiang. China's construction of this road was one of the triggers of the conflict. </p><p>Small-scale clashes between Indian and Chinese forces broke out as India insisted on the disputed <a href="/wiki/McMahon_Line" title="McMahon Line">McMahon Line</a> being regarded as the international border between the two countries. Chinese troops claimed not to have retaliated to the cross-border firing by Indian troops, despite sustaining losses.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China's suspicion of India's involvement in <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> created more rifts between the two countries.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, the Indian Army was ordered to move to the <a href="/wiki/Dhola_Post" title="Dhola Post">Thag La ridge</a>, located near the border between Bhutan and <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> and about 5 kilometres (3 miles) north of the disputed McMahon Line. Meanwhile, Chinese troops had also made incursions into Indian-held territory, and tensions between the two reached a new high when Indian forces discovered the road constructed by China in Aksai Chin. After a series of failed negotiations, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> attacked Indian Army positions on the Thag La ridge. This move by China caught India by surprise, and on 12 October Nehru gave orders for the Chinese to be expelled from Aksai Chin. However, poor coordination among various divisions of the Indian Army, and the late decision to mobilise the Indian Air Force in vast numbers, gave China a crucial tactical and strategic advantage over India. On 20 October, Chinese soldiers attacked India from both the northwest and northeast; and captured large portions of Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh. </p><p>As the fighting moved beyond disputed territories, China called on the Indian government to negotiate; however, India remained determined to regain lost territory. With no agreement in sight, China unilaterally withdrew its forces from Arunachal Pradesh. The reasons for the withdrawal are disputed, with India claiming various logistical problems for China and diplomatic support from the United States, while China stated that it still held territory it had staked a claim on. The dividing line between the Indian and Chinese forces was named the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">Line of Actual Control</a>. </p><p>The poor decisions made by India's military commanders, and the political leadership, raised several questions. The <a href="/wiki/Henderson-Brooks_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Henderson-Brooks Report">Henderson-Brooks and Bhagat committee</a> was soon set up by the government of India to determine the causes of the poor performance of the Indian Army. Its report criticised the decision not to allow the Indian Air Force to target Chinese transport lines, out of fear of a Chinese aerial counterattack on Indian civilian areas. Much of the blame was placed on the then–defence minister, <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Menon" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna Menon">Krishna Menon</a>, who resigned from his post soon after the war ended. Despite frequent calls for its release, the Henderson-Brooks report remains classified.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Neville_Maxwell" title="Neville Maxwell">Neville Maxwell</a> has written an account of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a></div> <p>A second confrontation with Pakistan took place in 1965. Although the war is described as inconclusive, India had the better of the war and was the clear winner in tactical and strategic terms.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistani president <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(Field_Marshal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)">Ayub Khan</a> launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Gibraltar" title="Operation Gibraltar">Operation Gibraltar</a> in August 1965, during which Pakistani paramilitary troops infiltrated into Indian-administered Kashmir and attempted to ignite anti-India agitation in <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>. Pakistani leaders believed that India, which was still recovering from the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a>, would be unable to deal with a military thrust and a Kashmiri rebellion. India reacted swiftly and launched a counter-offensive against Pakistan. In reply, on 1 September Pakistan launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Grand_Slam" title="Operation Grand Slam">Operation Grand Slam</a>, invading India's Chamb-Jaurian sector. In retaliation, the Indian Army launched a major offensive all along its border with Pakistan, with Lahore as its prime target. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1965_Indo-Pak_War_DestroyedShermanTank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/1965_Indo-Pak_War_DestroyedShermanTank.jpg/220px-1965_Indo-Pak_War_DestroyedShermanTank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/1965_Indo-Pak_War_DestroyedShermanTank.jpg/330px-1965_Indo-Pak_War_DestroyedShermanTank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/1965_Indo-Pak_War_DestroyedShermanTank.jpg/440px-1965_Indo-Pak_War_DestroyedShermanTank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3303" data-file-height="2103" /></a><figcaption>Indian Army officer next to a destroyed Pakistani <a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">Sherman tank</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asal_Uttar" title="Battle of Asal Uttar">battle of <i>Asal Uttar</i></a><i>.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Initially, the Indian Army met with considerable success in the northern sector. After launching prolonged artillery barrages against Pakistan, India was able to capture three important mountain positions in Kashmir. By 9 September, the Indian Army had made considerable inroads into Pakistan. India had its largest haul of Pakistani tanks when an offensive by Pakistan's 1st Armoured Division was blunted at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asal_Uttar" title="Battle of Asal Uttar">Battle of Asal Uttar</a>, which took place on 10 September near Khemkaran.<sup id="cite_ref-pradhan_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pradhan-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The biggest tank battle of the war was the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chawinda" title="Battle of Chawinda">Battle of Chawinda</a>, the largest tank battle in history after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Pakistan's defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asal_Uttar" title="Battle of Asal Uttar">Battle of Asal Uttar</a> hastened the end of the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-pradhan_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pradhan-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of the ceasefire declaration, India reported casualties of about 3,000. On the other hand, it was estimated that more than 3,800 Pakistani soldiers were killed in the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encarta_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encarta-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hagerty_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hagerty-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 200–300 Pakistani tanks were either destroyed or captured by India. India lost a total of 150-190 tanks during the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-pradhan_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pradhan-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision to return to pre-war positions, following the <a href="/wiki/Tashkent_Declaration" title="Tashkent Declaration">Tashkent Declaration</a>, caused an outcry in New Delhi. It was widely believed that India's decision to accept the ceasefire was due to political factors, not military, since it was facing considerable pressure from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> to cease hostilities.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1967_Sino-Indian_conflict">1967 Sino-Indian conflict</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cho_La_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Cho La incident">Cho La incident</a></div> <p>The 1967 Sino-Indian skirmish, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Nathu_La_and_Cho_La_clashes" title="Nathu La and Cho La clashes">Cho La incident</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Military_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Military conflict">military conflict</a> between Indian troops and members of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> who, on 1 October 1967, invaded <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>, which was then a protectorate of India. On 10 October, both sides clashed again. Defence minister <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Swaran_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Swaran Singh">Sardar Swaran Singh</a> assured the Indian people that the government was taking care of developments along the border. Indian losses were 88 killed, and 163 wounded, while Chinese casualties were 300 killed and 450 wounded in <a href="/wiki/Nathu_La" title="Nathu La">Nathula</a>, and 40 in Chola.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese Army left Sikkim after this defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoontrakul_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoontrakul-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operation_against_the_Naxalites_during_1971">Operation against the Naxalites during 1971</h4></div> <p>Under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_rule" title="President's rule">president's rule</a> in 1971, the Indian Army and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian police</a> launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Steeplechase" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Steeplechase">Operation Steeplechase</a>, a gigantic "counter-insurgency" operation against the <a href="/wiki/Naxalites" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxalites">Naxalites</a>, which resulted in the death of hundreds of Naxalites and the imprisonment of more than 20,000 suspects and cadres, including senior leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The army was also assisted by a <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a> of <a href="/wiki/Para_Commandos_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Para Commandos (India)">para commandos</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Indian paramilitary</a>. The operation was organised in October 1969, and Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/J.F.R._Jacob" class="mw-redirect" title="J.F.R. Jacob">J.F.R. Jacob</a> was told by <a href="/wiki/Govind_Narain" title="Govind Narain">Govind Narain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)#Home_Secretary_and_other_senior_officials" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Home Secretary</a>, that "there should be no publicity and no records". Jacob's request to be presented with written orders was also refused by the then Army Chief <a href="/wiki/Sam_Manekshaw" title="Sam Manekshaw">Sam Manekshaw</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bangladesh_Liberation_War_of_1971">Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longewala" title="Battle of Longewala">Battle of Longewala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hilli" title="Battle of Hilli">Battle of Hilli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basantar" title="Battle of Basantar">Battle of Basantar</a></div> <p>An independence movement broke out in <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a> which was <a href="/wiki/Operation_Searchlight" title="Operation Searchlight">crushed</a> by Pakistani forces. Due to large-scale <a href="/wiki/1971_Bangladesh_atrocities" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 Bangladesh atrocities">atrocities</a> committed against them, thousands of <a href="/wiki/Bengali_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali people">Bengalis</a> took refuge in neighbouring India causing a major refugee crisis there. In early 1971, India declared its full support for the Bengali freedom fighters, known as <a href="/wiki/Mukti_Bahini" title="Mukti Bahini">Mukti Bahini</a>, and Indian agents were extensively involved in covert operations to aid them.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 20 November 1971, the Indian Army moved 14 Punjab Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/45th_Cavalry_(India)" title="45th Cavalry (India)">45th Cavalry</a> regiment, into Garibpur, a strategically important town in East Pakistan, near India's border, and successfully <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garibpur" title="Battle of Garibpur">captured it</a>. The following day, more <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Atgram" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Atgram">clashes</a> took place between Indian and Pakistani forces. Wary of India's growing involvement in the Bengali rebellion, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Pakistan Air Force</a> (PAF) launched a preemptive strike on 10 Indian air bases—at <a href="/wiki/Srinagar_Airport" title="Srinagar Airport">Srinagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_Airport" title="Jammu Airport">Jammu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pathankot_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathankot Air Force Station">Pathankot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amritsar_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Amritsar Air Force Station">Amritsar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agra_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Agra Air Force Station">Agra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adampur_Airport" title="Adampur Airport">Adampur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jodhpur_Airport" title="Jodhpur Airport">Jodhpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaisalmer_Airport" title="Jaisalmer Airport">Jaisalmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttarlai_Air_Force_Station" title="Uttarlai Air Force Station">Uttarlai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sirsa_Air_Force_Station" title="Sirsa Air Force Station">Sirsa</a>—at 17:45 hours on 3 December. However, this aerial offensive failed to accomplish its objectives and gave India an excuse to declare a full-scale war against Pakistan the same day. By midnight, the Indian Army, accompanied by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a>, launched a major three-pronged assault into East Pakistan. The Indian Army won several battles on the eastern front including the decisive <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hilli" title="Battle of Hilli">Battle of Hilli</a>. The operation also included a battalion-level airborne operation on Tangail, which resulted in the capitulation of all resistance within five days.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India's massive early gains were attributed largely to the speed and flexibility with which Indian armoured divisions moved across East Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg/300px-1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg/450px-1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg/600px-1971_Instrument_of_Surrender.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(Pakistan)" title="Lieutenant general (Pakistan)">Lt Gen</a> <a href="/wiki/A._A._K._Niazi" title="A. A. K. Niazi">A A K Niazi</a> (right), Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani Army">Pakistani</a> <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">Eastern Command</a>, signing the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Pakistani Instrument of Surrender">Instrument of Surrender</a> under the gaze of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(India)" title="Lieutenant general (India)">Lt Gen</a> <a href="/wiki/Jagjit_Singh_Arora" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagjit Singh Arora">J S Arora</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pakistan launched a counterattack against India on the western front. On 4 December 1971, A Company of the 23rd Battalion of India's <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Regiment_(India)" title="Punjab Regiment (India)">Punjab Regiment</a> intercepted the Pakistani 51st Infantry Brigade near Ramgarh, Rajasthan. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longewala" title="Battle of Longewala">Battle of Longewala</a> ensued, during which A Company, though outnumbered, thwarted the Pakistani advance until the Indian Air Force directed its fighters to engage the Pakistani tanks. By the time the battle had ended, 38 Pakistani tanks and 100 armoured vehicles were either destroyed or abandoned. About 200 Pakistani troops were killed in action, while only two Indian soldiers died. Pakistan suffered another major defeat on the western front at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basantar" title="Battle of Basantar">Battle of Basantar</a>, which was fought from 4 to 16 December. During the battle, about 66 Pakistani tanks were destroyed and 40 more were captured. Pakistani forces destroyed only 11 Indian tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 16 December, Pakistan had lost sizeable territory on both the eastern and western fronts. </p><p>On 16 December 1971, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Jagjit_Singh_Arora" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagjit Singh Arora">Lt. General J. S. Arora</a>, elements of the three corps of the Indian Army that had invaded East Pakistan entered <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> as a part of the Indo-Bangladesh allied force and forced Pakistani forces to surrender, one day after the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basantar" title="Battle of Basantar">Battle of Basantar</a>. After Pakistan's Lt General <a href="/wiki/Amir_Abdullah_Khan_Niazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi">A. A. K. Niazi</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Pakistani Instrument of Surrender">Instrument of Surrender</a>, India, as a part of the allied forces, took more than 90,000 Pakistani <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a>. By the time of the signing, 11,000 Pakistani soldiers had been killed in action, while India suffered 3,500 battle-related deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-encarta_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encarta-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Pakistan lost 220 tanks during the battle compared to India's 69.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, the <a href="/wiki/Simla_Agreement" title="Simla Agreement">Simla Agreement</a> was signed between the two countries, although subsequent incidences of heightened tensions have resulted in continued military vigilance on both sides. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Siachen_conflict_(1984)"><span id="Siachen_conflict_.281984.29"></span>Siachen conflict (1984)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siachen_conflict" title="Siachen conflict">Siachen conflict</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:22_Indian_Army_Medical_Corps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/22_Indian_Army_Medical_Corps.jpg/220px-22_Indian_Army_Medical_Corps.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/22_Indian_Army_Medical_Corps.jpg/330px-22_Indian_Army_Medical_Corps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/22_Indian_Army_Medical_Corps.jpg/440px-22_Indian_Army_Medical_Corps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>A memorial for the 22 Indian Army Medical Corps at the War Cemetery in Taiping, Perak</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a>, although a part of the Kashmir region, was not demarcated on maps prepared and exchanged between the two sides in 1947. In consequence, before the 1980s neither India nor Pakistan maintained a permanent military presence in the region. However, beginning in the 1950s, Pakistan began sending mountaineering expeditions to the glacier. By the early 1980s, the Government of Pakistan was granting special expedition permits to mountaineers and United States Army maps showed Siachen as a part of Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This practice gave rise to the term <i><a href="/wiki/Oropolitics" title="Oropolitics">oropolitics</a></i>. </p><p>India, possibly irked by these developments, launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Meghdoot" title="Operation Meghdoot">Operation Meghdoot</a> in April 1984. An entire battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Kumaon_Regiment" title="Kumaon Regiment">Kumaon Regiment</a> was airlifted to the glacier. Pakistani forces responded quickly, and clashes between the two followed. The Indian Army secured the strategic <a href="/wiki/Sia_La" title="Sia La">Sia La</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bilafond_La" title="Bilafond La">Bilafond La</a> mountain passes, and by 1985 more than 2,600 km<sup>2</sup> (1,000 sq mi) of territory claimed by Pakistan was under Indian control.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indian Army continues to control all of the Siachen Glacier and its tributary glaciers. Pakistan has made several unsuccessful attempts to regain control over Siachen. In late 1987, Pakistan mobilised about 8,000 troops and garrisoned them near <a href="/wiki/Khaplu" title="Khaplu">Khapalu</a>, aiming to capture <a href="/wiki/Bilafond_La" title="Bilafond La">Bilafond La</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they were repulsed by Indian Army personnel guarding Bilafond. During the battle, about 23 Indian soldiers lost their lives, while more than 150 Pakistani troops perished.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further unsuccessful attempts to reclaim positions were launched by Pakistan in 1990, 1995, 1996, and 1999, most notably in Kargil in the latter year. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Indian_Army_soldier_in_snow_camouflage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/An_Indian_Army_soldier_in_snow_camouflage.jpg/220px-An_Indian_Army_soldier_in_snow_camouflage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/An_Indian_Army_soldier_in_snow_camouflage.jpg/330px-An_Indian_Army_soldier_in_snow_camouflage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/An_Indian_Army_soldier_in_snow_camouflage.jpg/440px-An_Indian_Army_soldier_in_snow_camouflage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>An Indian Army soldier, part of a patrolling group, in snow camouflage holding a <a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_SIG516#SIG_716i" title="SIG Sauer SIG516">SIG 716i</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army_patrolling_team.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Indian_Army_patrolling_team.jpg/220px-Indian_Army_patrolling_team.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Indian_Army_patrolling_team.jpg/330px-Indian_Army_patrolling_team.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Indian_Army_patrolling_team.jpg/440px-Indian_Army_patrolling_team.jpg 2x" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Indian Army soldiers patrolling snow clad mountain range.</figcaption></figure> <p>India continues to maintain a strong military presence in the region, despite inhospitable conditions. The conflict over Siachen is regularly cited as an example of <a href="/wiki/Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">mountain warfare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kamal_Thakur_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamal_Thakur-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest peak in the Siachen Glacier region, <a href="/wiki/Saltoro_Kangri" title="Saltoro Kangri">Saltoro Kangri</a>, could be viewed as strategically important for India because of its height, which would enable Indian forces to monitor Pakistani or Chinese movements in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maintaining control over Siachen poses several logistical challenges for the Indian Army. Several infrastructure projects were constructed in the region, including a helipad at an elevation of 6,400 m (21,000 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, the Indian Army was spending an estimated US$2 million a month to support its personnel stationed in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Counter-insurgency_activities">Counter-insurgency activities</h4></div> <p>The Indian Army has played a crucial role in fighting <a href="/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency">insurgents</a> and terrorists within the nation. The army launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Star" title="Operation Blue Star">Operation Blue Star</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Woodrose" title="Operation Woodrose">Operation Woodrose</a> in the 1980s to combat <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> insurgents. The army, along with <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India" title="Paramilitary forces of India">some paramilitary forces</a>, has the prime responsibility of maintaining <a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">law and order</a> in the troubled <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> region, under Northern Command. The Indian Army sent a contingent to Sri Lanka in 1987 as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indian Army also successfully conducted <a href="/wiki/Operation_Golden_Bird" title="Operation Golden Bird">Operation Golden Bird</a> in 1995, as a counter-insurgency operation in northeast India.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kargil_war_(1999)"><span id="Kargil_war_.281999.29"></span>Kargil war (1999)</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></div> <p>In 1998, India carried out <a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">nuclear tests</a>; and a few days later, Pakistan responded with <a href="/wiki/Chagai-I" title="Chagai-I">nuclear tests</a> of its own, giving both countries <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_deterrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear deterrence">nuclear deterrence</a> capability, although India had tested a hydrogen bomb, which Pakistan lacked. Diplomatic tensions eased after the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Summit">Lahore Summit</a> was held in 1999. However, the sense of optimism was short-lived. In mid-1999, Pakistani paramilitary forces and Kashmiri insurgents captured the deserted, but strategic, Himalayan heights in the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_district" title="Kargil district">Kargil district</a> of India. These had been vacated by the Indian Army during the onset of the inhospitable winter and were to be reoccupied in spring. The troops that took control of these areas received important support, of both arms and supplies, from Pakistan. Some of the heights under their control, which also included the <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Hill_(Kargil)" title="Tiger Hill (Kargil)">Tiger Hill</a>, overlooked the vital <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a>–<a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a> Highway (<a href="/wiki/National_Highway_1_(India)" title="National Highway 1 (India)">NH 1A</a>), <a href="/wiki/Batalik" title="Batalik">Batalik</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dras" title="Dras">Dras</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KWM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/KWM.jpg/220px-KWM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/KWM.jpg/330px-KWM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/KWM.jpg/440px-KWM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War_Memorial" title="Kargil War Memorial">Kargil War Memorial</a> looking at National Highway 1 from the foot of Tololing</figcaption></figure> <p>Once the scale of the Pakistani incursion was realised, the Indian Army quickly mobilised about 200,000 troops, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vijay_(1999)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Vijay (1999)">Operation Vijay</a> was launched. However, since the heights were under Pakistani control, India was at a clear strategic disadvantage. From their <a href="/wiki/Observation_post" title="Observation post">observation posts</a>, the Pakistani forces had a clear line-of-sight to lay down <a href="/wiki/Indirect_fire" title="Indirect fire">indirect artillery fire</a> on NH 1A, inflicting heavy casualties on the Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-NLI_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLI-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a serious problem for the Indian Army as the highway was its main supply route.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the Indian Army's priority was to recapture peaks near NH 1A. This resulted in Indian troops first <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tiger_Hill" title="Battle of Tiger Hill">targeting the Tiger Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tololing" title="Battle of Tololing">Tololing complex</a> in Dras.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was soon followed by more attacks on the Batalik–Turtok sub-sector, which provided access to Siachen Glacier. Point 4590, which had the nearest view of the NH 1A, was successfully recaptured by Indian forces on 14 June.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kargil_war.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Kargil_war.jpg/220px-Kargil_war.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Kargil_war.jpg/330px-Kargil_war.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Kargil_war.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>Indian soldiers after winning a battle during the Kargil War.</figcaption></figure> <p>Though most of the posts in the vicinity of the highway were cleared of the enemy by mid-June, some posts near Dras endured sporadic shelling until the end of the war. Once the NH 1A area was cleared, the Indian Army turned to drive the invading force back across the Line of Control. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tololing" title="Battle of Tololing">Battle of Tololing</a>, among others, slowly tilted the war in India's favour. Nevertheless, some Pakistani posts put up a stiff resistance, including Tiger Hill (Point 5140), which fell only later in the war. As the operation was fully underway, about 250 artillery guns were brought in to clear the infiltrators in posts that were in the <a href="/wiki/Sightline" class="mw-redirect" title="Sightline">line-of-sight</a>. At many vital points, neither artillery nor air power could dislodge the Pakistan soldiers, who were out of visible range. The Indian Army mounted some direct frontal ground assaults, which were slow and took a heavy toll, given the steep ascents that had to be made on peaks as high as 5,500 m (18,000 ft). Two months into the conflict, Indian troops had slowly retaken most of the ridges they had lost.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to official accounts, an estimated 75%–80% of the enemy-occupied area, and nearly all the high ground, was back under Indian control. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War#Washington_Accord_and_final_battles" title="Kargil War">Washington Accord</a> of 4 July, where Sharif agreed to withdraw Pakistani troops, most of the fighting came to a gradual halt; but some Pakistani forces remained in positions on the Indian side of the LOC. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/United_Jihad_Council" title="United Jihad Council">United Jihad Council</a> (an umbrella group for all extremists) rejected Pakistan's plan for a draw-down, deciding instead to fight on.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indian Army launched its final attacks in the last week of July. As soon as the Dras sub-sector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July, which has since been celebrated as <a href="/wiki/Kargil_Vijay_Diwas" title="Kargil Vijay Diwas">Kargil Vijay Diwas (Kargil Victory Day)</a> in India. By the end of the war, India had resumed control of all the territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 per the <a href="/wiki/Simla_Convention" title="Simla Convention">Shimla Accord</a>. By the time all hostilities had ended, the number of Indian soldiers killed during the conflict stood at 527,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while more than 700 regular members of the Pakistani Army had been killed.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of Islamist fighters, also known as Mujahideen, killed by Indian armed forces during the conflict stood at about 3,000.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2016_Surgical_Strikes_on_Kashmir_and_the_2016–2018_India-Pakistan_conflict"><span id="2016_Surgical_Strikes_on_Kashmir_and_the_2016.E2.80.932018_India-Pakistan_conflict"></span>2016 Surgical Strikes on Kashmir and the 2016–2018 India-Pakistan conflict</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes_(2016%E2%80%932018)" class="mw-redirect" title="India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018)">India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018)</a></div> <p>On 18 September 2016, a <a href="/wiki/2016_Uri_attack" title="2016 Uri attack"><i>fedayeen</i> attack</a> was made by four armed militants on an army base near the town of <a href="/wiki/Uri,_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Uri, Jammu and Kashmir">Uri</a>. Nineteen Indian Army soldiers were killed. India accused <a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaish-e-Muhammad">Jaish-e-Muhammad</a>, a Pakistan-based terrorist organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 September 2016, the India Army announced that it conducted "<a href="/wiki/Surgical_strike" title="Surgical strike">surgical strikes</a>" against militant launch pads across the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a>, in Pakistani-administered <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, and inflicted "significant casualties".<sup id="cite_ref-DGMO_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGMO-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indian media reported the casualty figures variously from 35 to 70 killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FE_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FE-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-para_commandos_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-para_commandos-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Partial footage of the strikes was released to the Indian media on 27 June 2018 as proof of the strike.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (October 2021)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The incident triggered the <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes_(2016%E2%80%932018)" class="mw-redirect" title="India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018)">2016–2018 India-Pakistan border conflict</a>, which ended on 16 June 2018 with both India and Pakistan agreeing on a ceasefire.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019_India–Pakistan_border_skirmishes"><span id="2019_India.E2.80.93Pakistan_border_skirmishes"></span>2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2019_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2019_Pulwama_attack" title="2019 Pulwama attack">14 February 2019 Pulwama attack</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, which killed 40 Indian <a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force</a> personnel. Responsibility for the attack was claimed by a <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>-based militant group, <a href="/wiki/Jaish-e-Mohammed" title="Jaish-e-Mohammed">Jaish-e-Mohammed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India blamed Pakistan for the attack and promised a robust response, while the latter condemned the attack and denied having any connection to it.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Twelve days later, in the early morning of 26 February 2019, <a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">India carried out a cross-border airstrike</a> near <a href="/wiki/Balakot" title="Balakot">Balakot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>, Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-slater1_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slater1-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After over a month-long skirmish, both Indian Prime Minister of India <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> and Pakistan Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Imran_Khan" title="Imran Khan">Imran Khan</a> agreed on a peace offer on 22 March 2019 ending hostilities and vowed to fight against terrorism together.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions">United Nations peacekeeping missions</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions">Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9_avril_2015._Binza,_Nord_Kivu,_RD_Congo._Un_casque_bleu_d%E2%80%99INBATT_2_et_un_soldat_des_FARDC_se_saluent_et_s%E2%80%99encouragent_mutuellement._(16534163503).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/9_avril_2015._Binza%2C_Nord_Kivu%2C_RD_Congo._Un_casque_bleu_d%E2%80%99INBATT_2_et_un_soldat_des_FARDC_se_saluent_et_s%E2%80%99encouragent_mutuellement._%2816534163503%29.jpg/220px-9_avril_2015._Binza%2C_Nord_Kivu%2C_RD_Congo._Un_casque_bleu_d%E2%80%99INBATT_2_et_un_soldat_des_FARDC_se_saluent_et_s%E2%80%99encouragent_mutuellement._%2816534163503%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/9_avril_2015._Binza%2C_Nord_Kivu%2C_RD_Congo._Un_casque_bleu_d%E2%80%99INBATT_2_et_un_soldat_des_FARDC_se_saluent_et_s%E2%80%99encouragent_mutuellement._%2816534163503%29.jpg/330px-9_avril_2015._Binza%2C_Nord_Kivu%2C_RD_Congo._Un_casque_bleu_d%E2%80%99INBATT_2_et_un_soldat_des_FARDC_se_saluent_et_s%E2%80%99encouragent_mutuellement._%2816534163503%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/9_avril_2015._Binza%2C_Nord_Kivu%2C_RD_Congo._Un_casque_bleu_d%E2%80%99INBATT_2_et_un_soldat_des_FARDC_se_saluent_et_s%E2%80%99encouragent_mutuellement._%2816534163503%29.jpg/440px-9_avril_2015._Binza%2C_Nord_Kivu%2C_RD_Congo._Un_casque_bleu_d%E2%80%99INBATT_2_et_un_soldat_des_FARDC_se_saluent_et_s%E2%80%99encouragent_mutuellement._%2816534163503%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>An Indian Army peacekeeper and an FARDC soldier shake hands and encourage each other</figcaption></figure> <p>India has been the largest troop contributor to <a href="/wiki/UN_peacekeeping_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="UN peacekeeping missions">UN peacekeeping missions</a> since its inception. So far, India has taken part in 43 Peacekeeping missions, with a total contribution exceeding 160,000 troops and a significant number of police personnel having been deployed. In 2014, India was the third largest troop contributor (TCC), with 7,860 personnel deployed, of which 995 were police personnel, including the first UN <a href="/wiki/Female_Formed_Police_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Female Formed Police Unit">Female Formed Police Unit</a>, serving with ten UN peacekeeping missions.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 30 June 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Army&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 157 Indians have been killed during such missions.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indian army has also provided paramedical units to facilitate the withdrawal of the sick and wounded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indo-China_Doklam_issue">Indo-China Doklam issue</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2017_China%E2%80%93India_border_standoff" title="2017 China–India border standoff">2017 China–India border standoff</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_exercises">Major exercises</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_exercises_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of exercises of the Indian Army">List of exercises of the Indian Army</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operation_Brasstacks">Operation Brasstacks</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Operation_Brasstacks" title="Operation Brasstacks">Operation Brasstacks</a> was launched by the Indian Army in November 1986 to simulate a full-scale war on India's western border. The exercise was the largest ever conducted in India; it included nine infantry, three mechanised, three armoured divisions, and one air assault division, as well as three independent armoured brigades. Amphibious assault exercises were also conducted with the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a>. Brasstacks also allegedly incorporated nuclear attack drills. It led to tensions with Pakistan and a subsequent rapprochement in mid-1987.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exercise_Nomadic_Elephant">Exercise Nomadic Elephant</h4></div> <p>Since 2004, and every year since, the Indian Army has been conducting training exercises with the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Army">Mongolian Army</a>. In 2012, the exercise took place in <a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a>; in June 2013, it was held in Mongolia. The aim of the exercises is to enhance counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations, and to train in conducting peacekeeping operations under the mandate of the United Nations.<sup id="cite_ref-bs11j13_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bs11j13-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exercise_Ashwamedha">Exercise Ashwamedha</h4></div> <p>Indian Army tested its network-centric warfare capabilities in the Ashwamedha exercise. The exercise was held in the <a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar desert</a>, and over 300,000 troops participated.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Asymmetric warfare capability was also tested by the Indian Army during the exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exercise_Yudh_Abhyas">Exercise Yudh Abhyas</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Military_relations" title="India–United States relations">India–United States relations § Military relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Yudh_Abhyas_2012.ogv/220px--Yudh_Abhyas_2012.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="123" data-durationhint="221" data-mwtitle="Yudh_Abhyas_2012.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Yudh_Abhyas_2012.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Yudh_Abhyas_2012.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="480" data-height="268" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Yudh_Abhyas_2012.ogv/Yudh_Abhyas_2012.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="268" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Yudh_Abhyas_2012.ogv/Yudh_Abhyas_2012.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="238" /></video></span><figcaption>Yudh Abhyas 2012 – US and Indian Army military exercise video trailer</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Army_Aviation_India_deploying_US_troops.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Army_Aviation_India_deploying_US_troops.jpg/220px-Army_Aviation_India_deploying_US_troops.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Army_Aviation_India_deploying_US_troops.jpg/330px-Army_Aviation_India_deploying_US_troops.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Army_Aviation_India_deploying_US_troops.jpg/440px-Army_Aviation_India_deploying_US_troops.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1410" /></a><figcaption>Indian Army Aviation Corps Dhruv helicopter ferrying U.S. soldiers during the Yudh Abhyas training exercise in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>The Yudh Abhyas exercise is an ongoing series, since 2005 of joint exercises between the Indian and United States armies, agreed upon under the New Framework of the India-US Defence Relationship. Commencing at the platoon level, the exercise has graduated to a command post (CPX) and field training exercise (FTX). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T-90_Bhisma_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/T-90_Bhisma_cropped.jpg/220px-T-90_Bhisma_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/T-90_Bhisma_cropped.jpg/330px-T-90_Bhisma_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/T-90_Bhisma_cropped.jpg/440px-T-90_Bhisma_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Indian army armoured vehicles during Yudh Abhyas exercises</figcaption></figure> <p>The seventh edition of Yudh Abhyas began on 5 March 2012, in two locations under the Southwestern Command. The US Army contingent is from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Pacific" title="United States Army Pacific">US Army Pacific (USARPAC)</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Pacific_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Pacific Command">United States Pacific Command</a> (USPACOM). The command post exercise has an engineer brigade headquarters, with its planners drawn from both countries, while the field training exercise comprises troops of the United States' 2nd Squadron, <a href="/wiki/14th_Cavalry_Regiment" title="14th Cavalry Regiment">14th Cavalry Regiment</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Division (United States)">25th Infantry Division</a>, Hawaii, along with a <a href="/wiki/Stryker" title="Stryker">Stryker</a> platoon, and a similarly sized Indian Army contingent of mechanised infantry. Several key surveillance, communications, and <a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">IED</a> detection and neutralisation technologies, available to both sides, were fielded in the exercise.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The eighth edition of Yudh Abhyas was conducted from 3 to 17 May 2013 as a U.S.-Army-Pacific-sponsored bilateral training exercise with the Indian Army, an exercise that focused on the two countries' cultures, weapons training, and tactics. Units from the United States included the 1st Brigade Combat Team, <a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd Airborne Division</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bragg" title="Fort Bragg">Fort Bragg</a>, N.C., and the 3rd Squadron, <a href="/wiki/73rd_Cavalry_Regiment" title="73rd Cavalry Regiment">73rd Cavalry Regiment</a>. Units from India were the Indian Army's <a href="/wiki/99th_Mountain_Brigade" title="99th Mountain Brigade">99th Mountain Brigade</a>; the 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/5th_Gorkha_Rifles_(Frontier_Force)" title="5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)">5th Gurka Rifles</a>; the <a href="/wiki/50th_Parachute_Brigade_(India)" title="50th Parachute Brigade (India)"> 50th Independent Parachute Brigade</a>; and the 54th Engineers Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exercise_Shakti">Exercise Shakti</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exercise_Shakti_-_ASMI_gun_being_shown_to_visiting_French_soldier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Exercise_Shakti_-_ASMI_gun_being_shown_to_visiting_French_soldier.jpg/220px-Exercise_Shakti_-_ASMI_gun_being_shown_to_visiting_French_soldier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Exercise_Shakti_-_ASMI_gun_being_shown_to_visiting_French_soldier.jpg/330px-Exercise_Shakti_-_ASMI_gun_being_shown_to_visiting_French_soldier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Exercise_Shakti_-_ASMI_gun_being_shown_to_visiting_French_soldier.jpg/440px-Exercise_Shakti_-_ASMI_gun_being_shown_to_visiting_French_soldier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Indian Army showcasing <a href="/wiki/ASMI" title="ASMI">ASMI</a> to French soldier during Exercise Shakti</figcaption></figure> <p>The Shakti exercise is an ongoing series, since 2011, of joint exercises between the Indian and French armies. The exercise is conducted to practice and validate anti-terrorist operations in snowbound and mountainous areas. The first joint exercise was held in India in October 2011 and the second one in September 2013. The theme of the exercise is to conduct joint platoon-level counter-insurgency operations in high-altitude mountainous terrain under the UN Charter, thus emphasising the shared concerns of both countries regarding global terrorism. An added aim of the exercise is to qualitatively enhance knowledge of each other's military procedures, thus increasing the scope for interoperability and the ability to respond to a common threat. The twelve-day exercise with the French Army is scheduled to be conducted in multiple modules in order to achieve complete integration between the two contingents at every stage.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exercise_Shoorveer">Exercise Shoorveer</h4></div> <p>From the first week of April to the first week of May 2012, the Indian Army launched a massive summer exercise in the Rajasthan desert, involving over 50,000 troops and several hundred artillery pieces and infantry combat vehicles, as part of its efforts to shore up its battle worthiness on the western front, the border with Pakistan. The exercise, code-named "Shoorveer", was being conducted by the Jaipur-based South Western Command. This was the largest ever exercise conducted by the Indian army since 1947. The collective training started with the honing of basic battle procedures and tactical drills. </p><p>Several field firings were carried out to check the accuracy and lethality of weapon systems. Many innovations, adopted by units and formations to enhance combat power, were tested in the field. The troops built on the training momentum gradually, with increasing combat tempo, to set the stage for a major joint army–air force exercise in the latter part of the exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exercise_Rudra_Akrosh">Exercise Rudra Akrosh</h4></div> <p>In May 2012, the Indian Army conducted several war games aimed (according to officials) at validating "the operational and transformational effectiveness of various formations under the Western Army Command".<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exercise involved approximately 20,000 troops and support from the Indian Air Force. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exercise_Shatrujeet">Exercise Shatrujeet</h4></div> <p>In April 2016, the Indian Army conducted a major exercise called Shatrujeet, with the elite <a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(India)" title="I Corps (India)">Mathura-based Strike Corps</a> in the desert area of the Mahajan Field Firing Range in <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, whose object was to evaluate the capability to strike deep into enemy territory, to deliver a quick, lethal strike against the enemy in an integrated air-land battle environment, with co-ordination among all the forces in a nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare scenario.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_and_doctrine">Mission and doctrine</h2></div> <p>Initially, the army's main objective was to defend the nation's frontiers. However, over the years, the army has also taken up the responsibility of providing internal security, especially against insurgencies in <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a>. Currently, the army is also looking at enhancing its <a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">special forces</a> capabilities. With India's increasing international role, and the requirement to protect its interests in far-off countries becoming important, the Indian Army and the Indian Navy are jointly planning to set up a marine brigade.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current combat doctrine of the Indian Army is based on effectively utilising holding formations and strike formations. In the case of an attack, the holding formations would contain the enemy and strike formations would counter-attack to neutralise enemy forces. In the case of an Indian attack, the holding formations would pin enemy forces down, whilst the strike formations would attack at a point of India's choosing. The Indian Army is large enough to devote several corps to the strike role. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Pakistan_army_corps.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/India_Pakistan_army_corps.png/220px-India_Pakistan_army_corps.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/India_Pakistan_army_corps.png/330px-India_Pakistan_army_corps.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/India_Pakistan_army_corps.png/440px-India_Pakistan_army_corps.png 2x" data-file-width="1574" data-file-height="1738" /></a><figcaption><b>India Pakistan army corps deployment</b></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership">Leadership</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_generals_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of serving generals of the Indian Army">List of serving generals of the Indian Army</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Leadership at Army Headquarters </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Post </th> <th>Current Holder </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Chief of the Army Staff</a> </td> <td>General <a href="/wiki/Upendra_Dwivedi" title="Upendra Dwivedi">Upendra Dwivedi</a>, PVSM, AVSM <sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Army_Staff_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Chief of Army Staff (India)">Vice Chief of Army Staff</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/N._S._Raja_Subramani" title="N. S. Raja Subramani">N. S. Raja Subramani</a>, PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)#Deputy_Chief_of_Army_Staff_(Strategy)" title="Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Deputy Chief of Army Staff (Strategy)</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Pratik Sharma, PVSM, AVSM, SM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)#Deputy_Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(Information_Systems_and_Coordination)" title="Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (Information Systems and Coordination)</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Rakesh Kapoor, AVSM, VSM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)#Deputy_Chief_of_Army_Staff_(Capability_Development_and_Sustenance)" title="Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Deputy Chief of Army Staff (Capability Development and Sustenance)</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Rahul R Singh, VSM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adjutant-General_(India)" title="Adjutant-General (India)">Adjutant General</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General VPS Kaushik, UYSM, YSM, SM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Military_Secretary_(India)" title="Military Secretary (India)">Military Secretary</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Rashim Bali, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM </td></tr> <tr> <td>Quartermaster General </td> <td>Lieutenant General VMB Krishnan, PVSM, AVSM, YSM </td></tr> <tr> <td>Master General Sustenance </td> <td>Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Amardeep_Singh_Aujla" title="Amardeep Singh Aujla">Amardeep Singh Aujla</a>, PVSM, UYSM, YSM, SM, VSM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="Indian Army Corps of Engineers">Engineer-in-Chief</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Arvind Walia, AVSM </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army_Structure.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Indian_Army_Structure.png/290px-Indian_Army_Structure.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Indian_Army_Structure.png/435px-Indian_Army_Structure.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Indian_Army_Structure.png/580px-Indian_Army_Structure.png 2x" data-file-width="3476" data-file-height="1001" /></a><figcaption>Indian Army Structure (click to enlarge)</figcaption></figure> <p>The troops are organized into 40 Divisions in 14 Corps.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Army headquarters is located in the Indian capital, New Delhi, and it is under the overall command of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_of_the_Indian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army">Chief of Army Staff</a> (COAS). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Command_structure">Command structure</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army_Organizational_Structure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Indian_Army_Organizational_Structure.jpg/220px-Indian_Army_Organizational_Structure.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Indian_Army_Organizational_Structure.jpg/330px-Indian_Army_Organizational_Structure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Indian_Army_Organizational_Structure.jpg/440px-Indian_Army_Organizational_Structure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="697" /></a><figcaption><b>Indian Army Organizational Structure</b></figcaption></figure> <p>The army operates six operational commands and one training command.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianArmyStructure_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianArmyStructure-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each command is headed by <a href="/wiki/General_officer_commanding" title="General officer commanding">General Officer Commanding-in-Chief</a> with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General (India)">Lieutenant General</a>. Each command directly reports to Army HQ in New Delhi. These commands are given below in order of creation, with location (city) and commanders listed. There is also the <a href="/wiki/Army_Training_Command_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Training Command (India)">Army Training Command</a> abbreviated ARTRAC. Besides these, army officers may head tri-service commands such as the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a>, as well as institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Integrated Defence Staff">Integrated Defence Staff</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Insignia</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Headquarters </th> <th>Army Commander</th> <th>Few of known Subordinate Unit(s)/ Formation(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IA_HQ.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/IA_HQ.png/75px-IA_HQ.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/IA_HQ.png/113px-IA_HQ.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/IA_HQ.png/150px-IA_HQ.png 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></td> <td><b>Headquarters, Indian Army</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> </td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/50th_Indian_Parachute_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="50th Indian Parachute Brigade">50th Independent Parachute Brigade</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Command_(India).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Central_Command_%28India%29.png/75px-Central_Command_%28India%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Central_Command_%28India%29.png/113px-Central_Command_%28India%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Central_Command_%28India%29.png/150px-Central_Command_%28India%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_(India)" title="Central Command (India)">Central Command</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Anindya_Sengupta" title="Anindya Sengupta">Anindya Sengupta</a><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="6th Infantry Division (India)">6th Mountain Division</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Command_(India).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Eastern_Command_%28India%29.png/75px-Eastern_Command_%28India%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Eastern_Command_%28India%29.png/113px-Eastern_Command_%28India%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Eastern_Command_%28India%29.png/150px-Eastern_Command_%28India%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Command (India)">Eastern Command</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Ram_Chander_Tiwari" title="Ram Chander Tiwari">Ram Chander Tiwari</a><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> <div><ul><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/III_Corps_(India)" title="III Corps (India)">III Corps</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="2nd Infantry Division (India)">2nd Mountain Division</a> –</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/57th_Mountain_Division_(India)" title="57th Mountain Division (India)">57th Mountain Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=56th_Infantry_Division_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="56th Infantry Division (India) (page does not exist)">56th Infantry Division</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/IV_Corps_(India)" title="IV Corps (India)">IV Corps</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=71st_Infantry_Division_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="71st Infantry Division (India) (page does not exist)">71st Mountain Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/5th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="5th Infantry Division (India)">5th Mountain Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/21st_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="21st Infantry Division (India)">21st Mountain Division</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/XXXIII_Corps_(India)" title="XXXIII Corps (India)">XXXIII Corps</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/17th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="17th Infantry Division (India)">17th Mountain Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/20th_Infantry_Division_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Infantry Division (India)">20th Mountain Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/27th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="27th Infantry Division (India)">27th Mountain Division</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/XVII_Corps_(India)" title="XVII Corps (India)">XVII Corps</a><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">59th Infantry Division</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">72 Infantry Division**</li></ul> </div></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Command_(India).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Northern_Command_%28India%29.png/75px-Northern_Command_%28India%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Northern_Command_%28India%29.png/113px-Northern_Command_%28India%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Northern_Command_%28India%29.png/150px-Northern_Command_%28India%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(India)" title="Northern Command (India)">Northern Command</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Udhampur" title="Udhampur">Udhampur</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/M._V._Suchindra_Kumar" title="M. V. Suchindra Kumar">M. V. Suchindra Kumar</a><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> <div><ul><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/XIV_Corps_(India)" title="XIV Corps (India)">XIV Corps</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Infantry_Division_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Infantry Division (India) (page does not exist)">3rd Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/8th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="8th Infantry Division (India)">8th Mountain Division</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/XV_Corps_(India)" title="XV Corps (India)">XV Corps</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/19th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="19th Infantry Division (India)">19th Infantry Division</a>,</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=28th_Mountain_Division_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="28th Mountain Division (India) (page does not exist)">28th Mountain Division</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/XVI_Corps_(India)" title="XVI Corps (India)">XVI Corps</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/10th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="10th Infantry Division (India)">10th Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="25th Infantry Division (India)">25th Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/39th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="39th Infantry Division (India)">39th Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">10 Artillery brigade</li></ul> </div></li><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(India)" title="I Corps (India)">I Corps</a><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="4th Infantry Division (India)">4th Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/23rd_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="23rd Infantry Division (India)">23rd Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/33rd_Armoured_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="33rd Armoured Division">33rd Armoured Division</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_Command_(India).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Southern_Command_%28India%29.png/75px-Southern_Command_%28India%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Southern_Command_%28India%29.png/113px-Southern_Command_%28India%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Southern_Command_%28India%29.png/150px-Southern_Command_%28India%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Command_(India)" title="Southern Command (India)">Southern Command</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Dhiraj_Seth" title="Dhiraj Seth">Dhiraj Seth</a><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> <div><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=41_Artillery_Division_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="41 Artillery Division (India) (page does not exist)">41st Artillery Division</a></li><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/XII_Corps_(India)" title="XII Corps (India)">XII Corps</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">4th Armoured Brigade</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">340th Mechanised Brigade</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/11th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="11th Infantry Division (India)">11th Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/12th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="12th Infantry Division (India)">12th RAPID</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/XXI_Corps_(India)" title="XXI Corps (India)">XXI Corps</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/31st_Indian_Armoured_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="31st Indian Armoured Division">31st Armoured Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/36th_Infantry_Division_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="36th Infantry Division (India)">36th RAPID</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/54th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="54th Infantry Division (India)">54th Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">475th Engineering Brigade</li></ul> </div></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Western_Command_(India).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/South_Western_Command_%28India%29.png/75px-South_Western_Command_%28India%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/South_Western_Command_%28India%29.png/113px-South_Western_Command_%28India%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/South_Western_Command_%28India%29.png/150px-South_Western_Command_%28India%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Command_(India)" title="South Western Command (India)">South Western Command</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Manjinder_Singh_(general)" title="Manjinder Singh (general)">Manjinder Singh</a><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> <div><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=42nd_Artillery_Division_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="42nd Artillery Division (India) (page does not exist)">42nd Artillery Division</a></li><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/X_Corps_(India)" title="X Corps (India)">X Corps</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=16th_Infantry_Division_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16th Infantry Division (India) (page does not exist)">16th Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=18th_Infantry_Division_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18th Infantry Division (India) (page does not exist)">18th RAPID</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=24th_Infantry_Division_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="24th Infantry Division (India) (page does not exist)">24th RAPID</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Armoured_Brigade_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Armoured Brigade (India) (page does not exist)">6th Independent Armoured Brigade</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">615th Independent Air Defence Brigade</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">471st Engineering Brigade</li></ul> </div></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Command_(India).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Western_Command_%28India%29.png/75px-Western_Command_%28India%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Western_Command_%28India%29.png/113px-Western_Command_%28India%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Western_Command_%28India%29.png/150px-Western_Command_%28India%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Western_Command_(India)" title="Western Command (India)">Western Command</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chandimandir_Cantonment" title="Chandimandir Cantonment">Chandimandir</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Manoj_Kumar_Katiyar" title="Manoj Kumar Katiyar">Manoj Kumar Katiyar</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hindustan_Times_Katiyar_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindustan_Times_Katiyar-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> <div><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=40th_Artillery_Division_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="40th Artillery Division (India) (page does not exist)">40th Artillery Division</a></li><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(India)" title="II Corps (India)">II Corps</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/1st_Armoured_Division_(India)" title="1st Armoured Division (India)">1st Armoured Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Infantry_Division_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Infantry Division (India) (page does not exist)">14th RAPID</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=22nd_Infantry_Division_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="22nd Infantry Division (India) (page does not exist)">22nd Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">474th Engineering Brigade</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">612th Mechanised Independent Air Defence Brigade</li></ul> </div></li><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/IX_Corps_(India)" title="IX Corps (India)">IX Corps</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/26th_Infantry_Division_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="26th Infantry Division (India)">26th Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=29th_Infantry_Division_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="29th Infantry Division (India) (page does not exist)">29th Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Armoured_Brigade_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Armoured Brigade (India) (page does not exist)">2nd Independent Armoured Brigade</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">3rd Independent Armoured Brigade</li></ul> </div></li><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/XI_Corps_(India)" title="XI Corps (India)">XI Corps</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Infantry Division (India)">7th Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/9th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="9th Infantry Division (India)">9th Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/15th_Infantry_Division_(India)" title="15th Infantry Division (India)">15th Infantry Division</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">23rd Armoured Brigade</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">55th Mechanised Brigade</li></ul> </div></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Training_Command_(India).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Training_Command_%28India%29.png/75px-Training_Command_%28India%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Training_Command_%28India%29.png/113px-Training_Command_%28India%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Training_Command_%28India%29.png/150px-Training_Command_%28India%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Army_Training_Command_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Training Command (India)">Army Training Command</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Devendra_Sharma_(general)" title="Devendra Sharma (general)">Devendra Sharma</a><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/MITSD" class="mw-redirect" title="MITSD">Army Training Establishments</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combat_Arms">Combat Arms</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_regiments_of_the_Indian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regiments of the Indian Army">List of regiments of the Indian Army</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyclone_Exercise_2023_between_Indian_Army_and_Egyptian_Army_Img1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cyclone_Exercise_2023_between_Indian_Army_and_Egyptian_Army_Img1.jpg/220px-Cyclone_Exercise_2023_between_Indian_Army_and_Egyptian_Army_Img1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cyclone_Exercise_2023_between_Indian_Army_and_Egyptian_Army_Img1.jpg/330px-Cyclone_Exercise_2023_between_Indian_Army_and_Egyptian_Army_Img1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cyclone_Exercise_2023_between_Indian_Army_and_Egyptian_Army_Img1.jpg/440px-Cyclone_Exercise_2023_between_Indian_Army_and_Egyptian_Army_Img1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Indian Army and Egyptian Army during Exercise Cyclone</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg/220px-Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg/330px-Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg/440px-Indian_Army_soldiers_move_into_position_while_demonstrating_a_platoon-level_ambush_to_U.S._Army_paratroopers_during_Yudh_Abhyas_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption>Indian Army soldiers move into position while demonstrating a platoon level ambush to U.S. Army paratroopers.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army_Band.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Indian_Army_Band.jpg/220px-Indian_Army_Band.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Indian_Army_Band.jpg/330px-Indian_Army_Band.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Indian_Army_Band.jpg/440px-Indian_Army_Band.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption>Indian army band in Russia during the Moscow Victory Day Parade</figcaption></figure> <p>Not to be confused with the field corps listed above, the corps mentioned below are divisions entrusted with specific pan-Army tasks. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territorial_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Territorial Army">Indian Territorial Army</a> has battalions affiliated with different infantry regiments and some department units that are from the Corps of Engineers, Army Medical Corps, or the Army Service Corps. They serve as a part-time reserve. On 4 June 2017, the chief of staff announced that the Army was planning to open combat positions to women, who would first be appointed to positions in the military police.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidents%27_Body_Guard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Presidents%27_Body_Guard.jpg/220px-Presidents%27_Body_Guard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Presidents%27_Body_Guard.jpg/330px-Presidents%27_Body_Guard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Presidents%27_Body_Guard.jpg/440px-Presidents%27_Body_Guard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Bodyguard" class="mw-redirect" title="President's Bodyguard">President's Bodyguard</a> in summer ceremonial uniforms in <a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">Rashtrapati Bhavan</a> courtyard during changing of the guard</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Director General </th> <th>Centre </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Armoured_Corps" title="Indian Army Armoured Corps">Armoured Corps</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Vivek Kashyap, PVSM, AVSM, VSM<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>The Armoured Corps Centre and School, <a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar" title="Ahmednagar">Ahmednagar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Regiment_of_Artillery_(India)" title="Regiment of Artillery (India)">Regiment of Artillery</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Adosh Kumar, PVSM, AVSM, SM<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>The School of Artillery, <a href="/wiki/Devlali" class="mw-redirect" title="Devlali">Devlali</a> near <a href="/wiki/Nasik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasik">Nasik</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Army_Air_Defence_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corps of Army Air Defence (India)">Corps of Army Air Defence</a>  </td> <td>Lieutenant General Sumer Ivan D'Cunha, SM<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gopalpur,_Orissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gopalpur, Orissa">Gopalpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Aviation_Corps_(India)" title="Army Aviation Corps (India)">Army Aviation Corps</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Vinod Nambiar, SM<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Combat Army Aviation Training School, <a href="/wiki/Nasik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasik">Nasik</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="Indian Army Corps of Engineers">Corps of Engineers</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Arvind Walia, AVSM<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/College_of_Military_Engineering,_Pune" title="College of Military Engineering, Pune">College of Military Engineering, Pune</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Madras_Engineer_Group" title="Madras Engineer Group">Madras Engineer Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Engineer_Group" title="Bengal Engineer Group">Bengal Engineer Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roorkee" title="Roorkee">Roorkee</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Engineer_Group" title="Bombay Engineer Group">Bombay Engineer Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khadki" title="Khadki">Khadki</a> near <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Corps_of_Signals" title="Indian Army Corps of Signals">Corps of Signals</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Kanwar Vinod Kumar, AVSM<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Military_College_of_Telecommunication_Engineering" title="Military College of Telecommunication Engineering">Military College of Telecommunication Engineering</a> (MCTE), <a href="/wiki/Mhow" title="Mhow">Mhow</a><br />Two Signal Training Centres at <a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mechanised_Infantry_Regiment" title="Mechanised Infantry Regiment">Mechanised Infantry</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmednagar" title="Ahmednagar">Ahmednagar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Infantry_of_the_Indian_Army" title="Infantry of the Indian Army">Infantry</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Ajay Kumar, VSM<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Multiple centres </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Armoured_Corps">Armoured Corps</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalyani_and_Tata_Mine_Protected_Vehicles_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Kalyani_and_Tata_Mine_Protected_Vehicles_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg/220px-Kalyani_and_Tata_Mine_Protected_Vehicles_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Kalyani_and_Tata_Mine_Protected_Vehicles_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg/330px-Kalyani_and_Tata_Mine_Protected_Vehicles_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Kalyani_and_Tata_Mine_Protected_Vehicles_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg/440px-Kalyani_and_Tata_Mine_Protected_Vehicles_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1502" /></a><figcaption>Kalyani and Tata Mine Protected Vehicles</figcaption></figure> <p>There are 65 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Armoured_Corps" title="Indian Army Armoured Corps">armoured regiments</a> in the Indian Army. These include the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Bodyguard" class="mw-redirect" title="President's Bodyguard">President's Bodyguard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/61st_Cavalry_(India)" title="61st Cavalry (India)">61st Cavalry</a> as well as the following historic regiments dating back to the nineteenth century or earlier: <a href="/wiki/1st_Duke_of_York%27s_Own_Skinner%27s_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Duke of York's Own Skinner's Horse">1st (Skinner's) Horse</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Lancers_(Gardner%27s_Horse)" title="2nd Lancers (Gardner's Horse)">2nd Lancers (Gardner's Horse)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Cavalry_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Cavalry (India)">3rd Cavalry</a>, the <a href="/wiki/4th_Duke_of_Cambridge%27s_Own_Hodson%27s_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Duke of Cambridge's Own Hodson's Horse">4th (Hodson's) Horse</a>, the <a href="/wiki/7th_Light_Cavalry" title="7th Light Cavalry">7th Light Cavalry</a>, the <a href="/wiki/8th_King_George%27s_Own_Light_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="8th King George's Own Light Cavalry">8th Light Cavalry</a>, the <a href="/wiki/9th_Royal_Deccan_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Royal Deccan Horse">9th (Deccan) Horse</a>, the <a href="/wiki/14th_Prince_of_Wales%27s_Own_Scinde_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Prince of Wales's Own Scinde Horse">14th (Scinde) Horse</a>, the <a href="/wiki/The_Poona_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="The Poona Horse">17th (Poona) Horse</a>, the <a href="/wiki/15th_Lancers" title="15th Lancers">15th Lancers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/16th_Light_Cavalry" title="16th Light Cavalry">16th Light Cavalry</a>, the <a href="/wiki/18th_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="18th Cavalry">18th Cavalry</a>, the 20th Lancers and the <a href="/wiki/The_Central_India_Horse_(21st_King_George_V%27s_Own_Horse)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Central India Horse (21st King George V's Own Horse)">21st (Central India) Horse</a>. A substantial number of additional units designated as either "Cavalry" or "Armoured" Regiments have been raised since Independence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mechanised_Infantry">Mechanised Infantry</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WHAP_During_Defence_Expo_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/WHAP_During_Defence_Expo_2018.jpg/220px-WHAP_During_Defence_Expo_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/WHAP_During_Defence_Expo_2018.jpg/330px-WHAP_During_Defence_Expo_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/WHAP_During_Defence_Expo_2018.jpg/440px-WHAP_During_Defence_Expo_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="677" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/TATA_Kestrel" class="mw-redirect" title="TATA Kestrel">TATA Kestrel</a> of the Indian Army</figcaption></figure> <p>The Mechanised Infantry is the newest combat arm of the Indian Army. Often referred to as "tomorrow's arm in today's army", it is formed of two regiments—<a href="/wiki/Brigade_of_the_Guards#Regimental_Battalions" title="Brigade of the Guards">The Brigade of the Guards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mechanised_Infantry_Regiment" title="Mechanised Infantry Regiment">Mechanised Infantry Regiment</a>—and comprises 50 Mechanised Infantry battalions in all. It is the brainchild of General <a href="/wiki/Krishnaswamy_Sundarji" title="Krishnaswamy Sundarji">Krishnaswamy Sundarji</a> (28 April 1930 – 8 February 1999), who was the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army from 1986 to 1988. During the late 70s, as part of Indian Army modernisation, there was an urgent need to re-calibrate the Indian Mechanised Forces, which led to the forming of Mechanised Infantry units to further the shock-action, fire-power, flexibility, and mobility of armoured formations by including ground-holding ability. The Mechanised Infantry regiments were first created with carefully selected existing Infantry battalions, based on their operational performance. As the need for more mechanised battalions grew, the elite Brigade of The Guards was also converted to the mechanised profile. The two regiments along with the Armoured Corps form part of the Indian Army's elite "Mechanised Forces". </p><p>There are 50 mechanised infantry battalions in the Army. Of these, 10 are for reconnaissance and support battalions (5 wheeled and 5 tracked) and 40 are standard mechanised infantry battalions (10 wheeled and 30 tracked).<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Standard and Recce & Support Tracked battalions are equipped with <a href="/wiki/BMP-2" title="BMP-2">BMP-2</a> while the Wheeled ones are equipped with Jeep (mounted <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">ATGM</a> launchers) and <a href="/wiki/BRDM-2" title="BRDM-2">BRDM-2</a>. The recce and support battalions also included 4 ATGM battalions (including 17 <a href="/wiki/Brigade_of_the_Guards" title="Brigade of the Guards">Guards</a> battalion). These were later converted to R&S battalions.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infantry">Infantry</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army_personnel_with_Sig_716i.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Indian_Army_personnel_with_Sig_716i.jpg/220px-Indian_Army_personnel_with_Sig_716i.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Indian_Army_personnel_with_Sig_716i.jpg/330px-Indian_Army_personnel_with_Sig_716i.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Indian_Army_personnel_with_Sig_716i.jpg/440px-Indian_Army_personnel_with_Sig_716i.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Indian soldier from <a href="/wiki/XVI_Corps_(India)" title="XVI Corps (India)">White Knight Corps</a> armed with a standard issued Sig 716i, 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army-Rajput_regiment.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Indian_Army-Rajput_regiment.jpeg/220px-Indian_Army-Rajput_regiment.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Indian_Army-Rajput_regiment.jpeg/330px-Indian_Army-Rajput_regiment.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Indian_Army-Rajput_regiment.jpeg/440px-Indian_Army-Rajput_regiment.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3130" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Rajput_Regiment" title="Rajput Regiment">Rajput Regiment</a> during a <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Republic_Day_parade" title="Delhi Republic Day parade">Republic Day Parade</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army-Sikh_Light_Infantry_regiment.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Indian_Army-Sikh_Light_Infantry_regiment.jpeg/220px-Indian_Army-Sikh_Light_Infantry_regiment.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Indian_Army-Sikh_Light_Infantry_regiment.jpeg/330px-Indian_Army-Sikh_Light_Infantry_regiment.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Indian_Army-Sikh_Light_Infantry_regiment.jpeg/440px-Indian_Army-Sikh_Light_Infantry_regiment.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Light_Infantry" title="Sikh Light Infantry">Sikh Light Infantry</a> during a Republic Day Parade</figcaption></figure> <p>Upon its inception, the Indian Army inherited the British Army's organisational structure, which is still maintained today. Therefore, like its predecessor, an Indian infantry regiment's responsibility is not to undertake field operations but to provide battalions and well-trained personnel to the field formations. As such, it is common to find battalions of the same regiment spread across several brigades, divisions, corps, commands, and even theatres. Like its British and Commonwealth counterparts, troops enlisted within the regiment are immensely loyal, take great pride in the regiment to which they are assigned, and generally spend their entire career within the regiment. </p><p>Most <a href="/wiki/Infantry_of_the_Indian_Army" title="Infantry of the Indian Army">Indian Army infantry regiments</a> recruit based on certain selection criteria, such as region (for example, the <a href="/wiki/Assam_Regiment" title="Assam Regiment">Assam Regiment</a>), caste/community (<a href="/wiki/Jat_Regiment" title="Jat Regiment">Jat Regiment</a>), or religion (<a href="/wiki/Sikh_Regiment" title="Sikh Regiment">Sikh Regiment</a>). Most regiments continue the heritage of regiments raised under the British Raj, but some have been raised after independence, some of which have specialised in border defence, in particular the <a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Scouts" title="Ladakh Scouts">Ladakh Scouts</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Scouts" title="Arunachal Scouts">Arunachal Scouts</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Scouts" title="Sikkim Scouts">Sikkim Scouts</a>. </p><p>Over the years there have been fears that troops' allegiance lay more with their regiments and the regions/castes/communities/religions from which they were recruited, as opposed to the Indian union as a whole. Thus some "all India" or "all class" regiments have been created, which recruit troops from all over India, regardless of region, caste, community, or religion: such as the <a href="/wiki/Brigade_of_the_Guards" title="Brigade of the Guards">Brigade of the Guards</a> (which later converted to the Mechanised Infantry profile) and the <a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(India)" title="Parachute Regiment (India)">Parachute Regiment</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Infantry regiments in the Indian Army<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Regiment </th> <th>Regimental Center </th> <th>Raised </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(India)" title="Parachute Regiment (India)">Parachute Regiment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> </td> <td>1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Regiment_(India)" title="Punjab Regiment (India)">Punjab Regiment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramgarh_Cantonment" title="Ramgarh Cantonment">Ramgarh Cantonment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> </td> <td>1761 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madras_Regiment" title="Madras Regiment">Madras Regiment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Cantonment" title="Wellington Cantonment">Wellington Cantonment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> </td> <td>1758 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Grenadiers" title="The Grenadiers">The Grenadiers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> </td> <td>1778 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Light_Infantry" title="Maratha Light Infantry">Maratha Light Infantry</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a>, Karnataka </td> <td>1768 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajputana_Rifles" title="Rajputana Rifles">Rajputana Rifles</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Cantonment" title="Delhi Cantonment">Delhi Cantonment</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> </td> <td>1775 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajput_Regiment" title="Rajput Regiment">Rajput Regiment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fatehgarh" title="Fatehgarh">Fatehgarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> </td> <td>1778 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jat_Regiment" title="Jat Regiment">Jat Regiment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bareilly" title="Bareilly">Bareilly</a>, Uttar Pradesh </td> <td>1795 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Regiment" title="Sikh Regiment">Sikh Regiment</a> </td> <td>Ramgarh Cantonment, Jharkhand </td> <td>1846 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Light_Infantry" title="Sikh Light Infantry">Sikh Light Infantry</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fatehgarh" title="Fatehgarh">Fatehgarh</a>, Uttar Pradesh </td> <td>1857 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dogra_Regiment" title="Dogra Regiment">Dogra Regiment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Faizabad" title="Faizabad">Faizabad</a>, Uttar Pradesh </td> <td>1877 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Rifles" title="Garhwal Rifles">Garhwal Rifles</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne,_India" title="Lansdowne, India">Lansdowne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a> </td> <td>1887 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kumaon_Regiment" title="Kumaon Regiment">Kumaon Regiment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ranikhet" title="Ranikhet">Ranikhet</a>, Uttarakhand </td> <td>1813 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam_Regiment" title="Assam Regiment">Assam Regiment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a> </td> <td>1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Regiment" title="Bihar Regiment">Bihar Regiment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Danapur_Cantonment" title="Danapur Cantonment">Danapur Cantonment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> </td> <td>1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahar_Regiment" title="Mahar Regiment">Mahar Regiment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sagar,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Sagar, Madhya Pradesh">Sagar</a>, Madhya Pradesh </td> <td>1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu & Kashmir Rifles">Jammu & Kashmir Rifles</a> </td> <td>Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh </td> <td>1821 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Light_Infantry" title="Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry">Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Avantipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Avantipur">Avantipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> </td> <td>1947 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Naga_Regiment" title="Naga Regiment">Naga Regiment</a> </td> <td>Ranikhet, Uttarakhand </td> <td>1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Gorkha Rifles">1 Gorkha Rifles</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sabathu" title="Sabathu">Sabathu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> </td> <td>1815 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Gorkha Rifles">3 Gorkha Rifles</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>, Uttar Pradesh </td> <td>1815 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="4 Gorkha Rifles">4 Gorkha Rifles</a> </td> <td>Sabathu, Himachal Pradesh </td> <td>1857 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5_Gorkha_Rifles_(Frontier_Force)" class="mw-redirect" title="5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)">5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)</a> </td> <td>Shillong, Meghalaya </td> <td>1858 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="8 Gorkha Rifles">8 Gorkha Rifles</a> </td> <td>Shillong, Meghalaya </td> <td>1824 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/9_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="9 Gorkha Rifles">9 Gorkha Rifles</a> </td> <td>Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh </td> <td>1817 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/11_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="11 Gorkha Rifles">11 Gorkha Rifles</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>, Uttar Pradesh </td> <td>1918 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Scouts" title="Ladakh Scouts">Ladakh Scouts</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a>, Jammu and Kashmir </td> <td>1963 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Rifles" title="Rashtriya Rifles">Rashtriya Rifles</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Udhampur" title="Udhampur">Udhampur</a>, Jammu and Kashmir </td> <td>1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Scouts" title="Arunachal Scouts">Arunachal Scouts</a> </td> <td>Shillong, Meghalaya </td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Scouts" title="Sikkim Scouts">Sikkim Scouts</a> </td> <td>Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh </td> <td>2013 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Artillery">Artillery</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_DRDO%27s_Pinaka_Launcher_system_gliding_down_the_Rajpath_during_the_Republic_Day_Parade_-_2006,_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26,_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_DRDO%27s_Pinaka_Launcher_system_gliding_down_the_Rajpath_during_the_Republic_Day_Parade_-_2006%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2006.jpg/220px-The_DRDO%27s_Pinaka_Launcher_system_gliding_down_the_Rajpath_during_the_Republic_Day_Parade_-_2006%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_DRDO%27s_Pinaka_Launcher_system_gliding_down_the_Rajpath_during_the_Republic_Day_Parade_-_2006%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2006.jpg/330px-The_DRDO%27s_Pinaka_Launcher_system_gliding_down_the_Rajpath_during_the_Republic_Day_Parade_-_2006%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_DRDO%27s_Pinaka_Launcher_system_gliding_down_the_Rajpath_during_the_Republic_Day_Parade_-_2006%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2006.jpg/440px-The_DRDO%27s_Pinaka_Launcher_system_gliding_down_the_Rajpath_during_the_Republic_Day_Parade_-_2006%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1258" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pinaka_Multi_Barrel_Rocket_Launcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinaka Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher">Pinaka Multi Barrel Rocket Launchers</a> were used during the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Regiment_of_Artillery" title="Regiment of Artillery">Regiment of Artillery</a> is the second-largest arm of the Indian Army, constituting nearly one-sixth of the Army's total strength. Originally raised in 1935 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Artillery" title="Royal Indian Artillery">Royal Indian Artillery</a> of the British Indian Army, the Regiment is now tasked with providing the Army's towed and self-propelled <a href="/wiki/Field_artillery" title="Field artillery">field artillery</a>, including guns, howitzers, heavy mortars, rockets, and missiles. </p><p>As an integral part of nearly all combat operations conducted by the Indian Army, the Regiment of Artillery has a history of being a major contributor to its military success. During the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a>, it was the Indian Artillery that inflicted the most damage.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the years, five artillery officers have gone on to the Army's highest post as Chief of Army Staff. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army_Aviation_Corps_and_Air_Defence_Arty_Joint_Display_Ex_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Indian_Army_Aviation_Corps_and_Air_Defence_Arty_Joint_Display_Ex_2.jpg/220px-Indian_Army_Aviation_Corps_and_Air_Defence_Arty_Joint_Display_Ex_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Indian_Army_Aviation_Corps_and_Air_Defence_Arty_Joint_Display_Ex_2.jpg/330px-Indian_Army_Aviation_Corps_and_Air_Defence_Arty_Joint_Display_Ex_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Indian_Army_Aviation_Corps_and_Air_Defence_Arty_Joint_Display_Ex_2.jpg/440px-Indian_Army_Aviation_Corps_and_Air_Defence_Arty_Joint_Display_Ex_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dhanush_(howitzer)" title="Dhanush (howitzer)">Dhanush artillery gun</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>For some time, the Regiment of Artillery commanded a significantly larger share of the Army's personnel than it does now, as it was also responsible for air defence artillery and some aviation assets. The 1990s saw the formation of the Corps of Army Air Defence and the coalescing of all aviation assets into the Army Aviation Corps. The arm is now focused on field artillery and supplies regiments and batteries to each of the operational commands. The home of the Regiment is in <a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, where their headquarters is located, along with the service's museum. The School of Artillery of the Indian Army is located nearby, in <a href="/wiki/Devlali" class="mw-redirect" title="Devlali">Devlali</a>. </p><p>After suffering consistent failure to import or produce modern artillery for three decades,<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Regiment_of_Artillery" title="Regiment of Artillery">Regiment of Artillery</a> is finally going ahead with procurement of brand new 130-mm and 155-mm guns.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Army is also putting large numbers of rocket launchers into service, with 22 regiments to be equipped with the indigenously developed <a href="/wiki/Pinaka_multi_barrel_rocket_launcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinaka multi barrel rocket launcher">Pinaka multi barrel rocket launcher</a> by the end of the next decade.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corps_of_Engineers">Corps of Engineers</h4></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="Indian Army Corps of Engineers">Indian Army Corps of Engineers</a> has a long history dating back to the mid-18th century. The earliest existing subunit of the Corps (18 Field Company) dates back to 1777, while the Corps officially recognises its birth as 1780, when the senior-most group of the Corps, the Madras Sappers, were raised. The Corps consists of three groups of combat engineers, namely the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Engineer_Group" title="Madras Engineer Group">Madras Sappers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Engineer_Group" title="Bengal Engineer Group">Bengal Sappers</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Engineer_Group" title="Bombay Engineer Group">Bombay Sappers</a>. A group is roughly analogous to a regiment of the Indian infantry, each group consisting of several engineer regiments. The engineer regiment is the basic combat-engineer unit, analogous to an infantry battalion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corps_of_Signals">Corps of Signals</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Corps_of_Signals" title="Indian Army Corps of Signals">Indian Army Corps of Signals</a> is a corps and the arm of the Indian Army which handles its <a href="/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">military communications</a>. It was formed on 15 February 1911 as a separate entity under Lieutenant Colonel S. H. Powell and went on to make important contributions during World War I and World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 February 2011, the corps celebrated the 100th anniversary of its raising.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Army_Aviation_Corps">Army Aviation Corps</h4></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Army_Aviation_Corps_(India)" title="Army Aviation Corps (India)">Army Aviation Corps</a>, formed on 1 November 1986, is the aviation arm of the Indian Army. It is headed by a Director-General with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General (India)">Lieutenant General</a> at Army HQ in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corps_of_Army_Air_Defence">Corps of Army Air Defence</h4></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Army_Air_Defence" title="Corps of Army Air Defence">Corps of Army Air Defence</a> (abbreviated AAD) is an active corps of the Indian Army, and a major combat formation tasked with the <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">air defences</a> of the country from foreign threats. The Corps is responsible for the protection of Indian air space from enemy aircraft and missiles, especially those below 5,000 feet.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The history of the AAD dates back to 1939, during the times of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> in India. The corps actively took part in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, fighting on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. Post-independence, the corps has participated in all the <a href="/wiki/Wars_involving_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Wars involving India">wars involving India</a>, starting with the <a href="/wiki/1947_Indo-Pakistani_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 Indo-Pakistani War">1947 Indo-Pakistani War</a>, up to the <a href="/wiki/1999_Kargil_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 Kargil conflict">1999 Kargil conflict</a>. The corps enjoyed autonomous status from 1994, after the bifurcation of the Corps of Air Defence Artillery from the Army's artillery regiment. A separate training school, the Army Air Defence College (AADC), was established to train its personnel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Services">Services</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Director General </th> <th>Centre </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Service_Corps" title="Indian Army Service Corps">Army Service Corps</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Medical_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Army Medical Corps">Army Medical Corps</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Sadhna_Saxena_Nair" title="Sadhna Saxena Nair">Sadhna Saxena Nair</a>, AVSM, VSM<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Dental_Corps" title="Indian Army Dental Corps">Army Dental Corps</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Vineet Sharma, AVSM, VSM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Ordnance_Corps_(India)" title="Army Ordnance Corps (India)">Army Ordnance Corps</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Suresh Chandra Tandi, AVSM, VSM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secunderabad" title="Secunderabad">Secunderabad</a> (HQ) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Corps_of_EME" title="Indian Army Corps of EME">Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General JS Sidana, AVSM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Secunderabad" title="Secunderabad">Secunderabad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Remount_and_Veterinary_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Army Remount and Veterinary Corps">Remount and Veterinary Corps</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Education_Corps_(India)" title="Army Education Corps (India)">Army Education Corps</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pachmarhi" title="Pachmarhi">Pachmarhi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Military_Police_(India)" title="Corps of Military Police (India)">Corps of Military Police</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Pioneer_Corps" title="Indian Army Pioneer Corps">Pioneer Corps</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Army_Postal_Service_(India)" title="Army Postal Service (India)">Army Postal Service Corps</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamptee" title="Kamptee">Kamptee</a> near Nagpur </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(India)" title="Territorial Army (India)">Territorial Army</a> </td> <td>Lieutenant General Raju Baijal, SM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Defence_Security_Corps" title="Defence Security Corps">Defence Security Corps</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kannur_Cantonment" title="Kannur Cantonment">Kannur Cantonment</a>, Kerala </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(India)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (India)">Intelligence Corps</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Department_(India)" title="Judge Advocate General's Department (India)">Judge Advocate General's Department</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>Institute of Military Law <a href="/wiki/Kamptee" title="Kamptee">Kamptee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Military_Nursing_Service_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Nursing Service (India)">Military Nursing Service</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>Pune and Lucknow </td></tr> <tr> <td>Human Rights Cell </td> <td>- </td> <td>Delhi </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Recruitment_and_training">Recruitment and training</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Military academies in India</a></div> <p>Pre-commission training of Gentlemen Cadets is carried out at the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Military_Academy" title="Indian Military Academy">Indian Military Academy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Officers_Training_Academy" title="Officers Training Academy">Officers Training Academy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>. There are also specialised training institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Army_War_College,_Mhow" title="Army War College, Mhow">Army War College</a>, at Mhow, Madhya Pradesh; the <a href="/wiki/High_Altitude_Warfare_School" title="High Altitude Warfare School">High Altitude Warfare School</a> (HAWS), at Gulmarg, Jammu and Kashmir; the <a href="/wiki/Counter_Insurgency_and_Jungle_Warfare_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School">Counter Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School</a> (CIJW), in Vairengte, Mizoram; and the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Military_Engineering,_Pune" title="College of Military Engineering, Pune">College of Military Engineering</a> (CME), in Pune. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Army_Training_Command_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Training Command (India)">Army Training Command</a> (ARTRAC), at <a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a>, supervises training of personnel. </p><p>In 2020 a 'Tour of Duty' scheme was proposed for voluntary recruitment into the forces for civilians, to enable them to join for three years of short service.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scheme is on a trial basis and will start with a test group of 100 officers and 1000 jawans.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Agnipath_Scheme">Agnipath Scheme</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agnipath_Scheme" title="Agnipath Scheme">Agnipath Scheme</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Agnipath_Scheme" title="Agnipath Scheme">Agnipath Scheme</a> is a new scheme introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> on 14 June 2022, for recruitment of soldiers below the rank of commissioned officers into the three services of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">armed forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IE_explained_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IE_explained-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sushant_Singh_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sushant_Singh-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All recruits will be hired only for a four-year period. Personnel recruited under this system are to be called <i>Agniveers</i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Fire-Warriors</span>), which will be a new military rank. The introduction of the scheme has been criticized for lack of consultation and public debate. The scheme was implemented in September 2022. </p> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable"> <caption>Recruitment in the Indian Army from 2015<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Soldiers </th></tr> <tr> <td>2015–16 </td> <td>71,804 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016–17 </td> <td>52,447 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017–18 </td> <td>50,026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018–19 </td> <td>53,431 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019–20 </td> <td>80,572 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020–21 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021–22 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022–23 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023-24 </td> <td>13,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This scheme will bypass many things including long tenures, pension and other benefits which were there in old system.<sup id="cite_ref-DNA_what_is_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNA_what_is-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opposition parties in India have criticised and expressed concerns about the consequences of the new scheme. They have asked the scheme to be put on hold and that the scheme be discussed in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intelligence">Intelligence</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(India)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (India)">Directorate of Military Intelligence (India)</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(India)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (India)">Directorate of Military Intelligence</a> (DMI) is an intelligence-gathering arm of the Indian Army. The MI (as it is commonly referred to) was constituted in 1941. It was initially created to check corruption in the Army's ranks. With time, its role has evolved into cross-border intelligence, intelligence sharing with friendly nations, infiltrating insurgent groups, and counterterrorism. </p><p>In the late 1970s, the MI was embroiled in the <a href="/wiki/Samba_spy_scandal" title="Samba spy scandal">Samba spy scandal</a>, wherein three Indian Army officers were falsely implicated as Pakistani spies. The organisation has since emerged from the scandal as a prime intelligence organisation of the Indian Army. </p><p>As of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Army&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the MI has seen many of its roles taken away by the newly created <a href="/wiki/National_Technical_Research_Organisation" title="National Technical Research Organisation">National Technical Research Organisation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(India)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (India)">Defence Intelligence Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since it was set up in 2004 as a premier scientific agency under the National Security Adviser in the Prime Minister's Office, it also includes the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Cryptology_Research_and_Development" title="National Institute of Cryptology Research and Development">National Institute of Cryptology Research and Development</a> (NICRD), which is the first of its kind in Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="STEAG">STEAG</h4></div> <p>The Signals Technology Evaluation and Adaptation Group (STEAG), a specialist technical unit tasked with investigating and evaluating cutting-edge communication technologies, was founded by the Indian Army on 18 March 2024. It will prioritize the development of specialized technologies for both wired and wireless systems, such as <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> and <a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a> networks, <a href="/wiki/Quantum_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum technology">quantum technologies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software-defined_radio" title="Software-defined radio">software-defined radios</a> (SDR), <a href="/wiki/Electronic_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic exchange">electronic exchanges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile communications">mobile communications</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Warfare">Electronic Warfare</a> (EW) systems. In order to find appropriate defense applications, the unit will work with industry and academics to utilize state-of-the-art technology. In addition to developing and evaluating key <a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">Information and Communications Technology</a> (ICT) solutions, STEAG will do technical scouting and provide user interface assistance by maintaining and upgrading modern technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Field_formations">Field formations</h3></div> <p>Below are the basic field formations of the Indian Army: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Command_(military_formation)" title="Command (military formation)">Command</a>: Indian Army has six operational commands and one training command. Each one is headed by a <a href="/wiki/General_Officer_Commanding" class="mw-redirect" title="General Officer Commanding">general officer commanding-in-chief (GOC-in-C)</a>, known as the army commander, who is among the senior-most <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General (India)">Lieutenant General</a> officers in the army.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps" title="Corps">Corps</a>: A command generally consists of two or more corps. Indian Army has 14 Corps each one commanded by a <a href="/wiki/General_Officer_Commanding" class="mw-redirect" title="General Officer Commanding">general officer commanding (GOC)</a>, known as the corps commander, who holds the rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General (India)">Lieutenant General</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianArmyStructure_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianArmyStructure-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each corps is composed of three or four divisions. There are three types of corps in the Indian Army: Strike, Holding and Mixed. The Corps HQ is the highest field formation in the army.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_(Military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division (Military)">Division</a>: Each division is headed by <a href="/wiki/General_Officer_Commanding" class="mw-redirect" title="General Officer Commanding">GOC</a> (division commander) in the rank of <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(India)" title="Major general (India)">major general</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianArmyStructure_124-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianArmyStructure-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It usually consists of three to four Brigades.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianArmyStructure_124-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianArmyStructure-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, the Indian Army has 40 Divisions<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> including four RAPIDs (Re-organised Army Plains Infantry Division), 18 Infantry Divisions, 12 Mountain Divisions, three Armoured Divisions and three Artillery Divisions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">Brigade</a>: A brigade generally consists of around 3,000 combat troops with supporting elements. An Infantry Brigade usually has three Infantry <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalions</a> along with various Support Elements.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianArmyStructure_124-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianArmyStructure-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is commanded by a brigade commander who is a <a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">Brigadier</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-IndianArmyStructure_124-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianArmyStructure-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> equivalent to a <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general" title="Brigadier general">brigadier general</a> in some armies. In addition to the Brigades in various Army Divisions, the Indian Army also has five Independent Armoured Brigades, 15 Independent Artillery Brigades, seven Independent Infantry Brigades, one Independent Parachute Brigade, three Independent Air Defence Brigades, two Independent Air Defence Groups and four Independent Engineer Brigades. These Independent Brigades operate directly under the Corps Commander (GOC Corps).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">Battalion</a>: Composed of four rifle companies.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianArmyStructure_124-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianArmyStructure-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commanded by a battalion commander who is a <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a><sup id="cite_ref-IndianArmyStructure_124-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianArmyStructure-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the Infantry's main fighting unit. Every infantry battalion also possesses one <a href="/wiki/Ghatak_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghatak Force">Ghatak Platoon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">Company</a>: Composed of three platoons.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianArmyStructure_124-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianArmyStructure-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commanded by a company commander who is a <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">major</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant-colonel">lieutenant-colonel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianArmyStructure_124-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianArmyStructure-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">Battery</a>: Comprising either 3 or 4 sections, in artillery and air defence units. Every battery has two officers, the senior of which is the Battery Commander.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">Platoon</a>: Composed of three sections.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianArmyStructure_124-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianArmyStructure-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commanded by a platoon commander who is a <a href="/wiki/Junior_commissioned_officer" title="Junior commissioned officer">JCO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianArmyStructure_124-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianArmyStructure-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_(military_unit)" title="Section (military unit)">Section</a>: Smallest military outfit, with a strength of 10 personnel. Commanded by a section commander of the rank of <a href="/wiki/Havaldar" class="mw-redirect" title="Havaldar">Havaldar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianArmyStructure_124-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianArmyStructure-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_Army_forts">Indian Army forts</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_William,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort William, India">Fort William</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>: Garrison of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Command (India)">Eastern Army Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort St George">Fort St George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>: Garrison of ATNK&K Army Area</li> <li>OD Fort, <a href="/wiki/Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Allahabad</a>, Ordnance Depot</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnel">Personnel</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_War_Memorial_on_the_21st_anniversary_of_Kargil_Vijay_Diwas,_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/National_War_Memorial_on_the_21st_anniversary_of_Kargil_Vijay_Diwas%2C_2020.jpg/220px-National_War_Memorial_on_the_21st_anniversary_of_Kargil_Vijay_Diwas%2C_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/National_War_Memorial_on_the_21st_anniversary_of_Kargil_Vijay_Diwas%2C_2020.jpg/330px-National_War_Memorial_on_the_21st_anniversary_of_Kargil_Vijay_Diwas%2C_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/National_War_Memorial_on_the_21st_anniversary_of_Kargil_Vijay_Diwas%2C_2020.jpg/440px-National_War_Memorial_on_the_21st_anniversary_of_Kargil_Vijay_Diwas%2C_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1147" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a> in honour of soldiers who laid down their lives for the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The Indian Army is a voluntary service, and although a provision for military <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a> exists in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian constitution">Indian constitution</a>, conscription has never been imposed. As of 1 July 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Army&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Indian Army has a sanctioned strength of 49,932 officers (42,253 serving, being 7,679 under strength), and 1,215,049 enlisted personnel (1,194,864 serving, being 20,185 under strength).<sup id="cite_ref-News18_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News18-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Economic_Times-2017_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economic_Times-2017-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recently, it has been proposed to increase the strength of the army by more than 90,000, to counter the increasing presence of Chinese troops along the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">Line of Actual Control</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a>, in 2020 the army had a strength of 1,237,000 active personnel and 960,000 reserve personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of those in reserve, 300,000 are first-line reserves (within 5 years of active service), 500,000 are committed to return if called until the age of 50, and 160,000 were in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territorial_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Territorial Army">Indian Territorial Army</a>, with 40,000 in regular establishment. This makes the Indian Army the world's largest standing <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_military" title="Volunteer military">volunteer army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SinghCOAS_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SinghCOAS-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rank_structure">Rank structure</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Army_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Army ranks and insignia of India">Army ranks and insignia of India</a></div> <p>The ranks of the Indian Army for the most part follow the British Army tradition. </p><p><b>Commissioned Officers</b> Commissioned officers are the leaders of the army and command units from platoon/company to brigade, division, corps, and above. </p><p>Indian Army officers are continually put through different courses of training, and assessed on merit, for promotions and appointments. Substantive promotions up to lieutenant colonel, or equivalent, are based on time in service, whereas those for the colonel and above are based on selection, with promotion to colonel being also based on time served. </p> <table class="infobox expandable expanded" style="clear:right; float:right; width:auto; font-size:85%; border-spacing:2px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><div style="font-size:110%;padding:0.15em 3em 0.15em 0.15em;">Equivalent ranks of Indian military</div> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:110%;"> <th style="width:33%;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy_ranks_and_insignia" title="Indian Navy ranks and insignia">Indian Navy</a></th> <th style="width:33%;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_ranks_and_insignia" title="Indian Army ranks and insignia">Indian Army</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia" title="Indian Air Force ranks and insignia">Indian Air Force</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Commissioned ranks</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_fleet" title="Admiral of the fleet">Admiral of<br />the fleet</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(India)" title="Field marshal (India)">Field marshal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Marshal of the Indian Air Force">Marshal of<br />the Indian Air Force</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(India)" title="Admiral (India)">Admiral</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_(India)" title="General (India)">General</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshal_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Chief Marshal (India)">Air chief marshal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vice_Admiral_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral (India)">Vice admiral</a></td> <td style="padding-right: 0.75em"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General (India)">Lieutenant general</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Marshal_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Marshal (India)">Air marshal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral_(India)" title="Rear admiral (India)">Rear admiral</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_general_(India)" title="Major general (India)">Major general</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_vice_marshal_(India)" title="Air vice marshal (India)">Air vice marshal</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1.2em;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_(India)" title="Commodore (India)">Commodore</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(India)" title="Brigadier (India)">Brigadier</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Air_commodore_(India)" title="Air commodore (India)">Air commodore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(Indian_Navy)" title="Captain (Indian Navy)">Captain</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(India)" title="Colonel (India)">Colonel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Group_captain_(India)" title="Group captain (India)">Group captain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">Commander</a></td> <td style="padding-right: 0.75em"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lieutenant colonel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wing_commander_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing commander (rank)">Wing commander</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1.2em;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">Lieutenant commander</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Squadron_leader" title="Squadron leader">Squadron leader</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(navy)" title="Lieutenant (navy)">Lieutenant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flight_lieutenant" title="Flight lieutenant">Flight lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1.2em;"> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Sub_lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub lieutenant">Sub lieutenant</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Flying_officer" title="Flying officer">Flying officer</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1.2em;"> <td colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Junior commissioned ranks</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Junior_Commissioned_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Commissioned Officer">Master chief<br />petty officer<br />1st class</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Subedar_Major" class="mw-redirect" title="Subedar Major"><i>Subedar</i> major</a><sup id="cite_ref-submaj_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-submaj-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Alt 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer">Master warrant officer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Junior_Commissioned_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Commissioned Officer">Master chief<br />petty officer<br />2nd class</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Subedar" title="Subedar">Subedar</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-sub_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sub-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Alt 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Junior_Commissioned_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Commissioned Officer">Chief<br />petty officer</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Naib_Subedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Naib Subedar">Naib subedar</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-nbsub_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbsub-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Alt 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer">Junior warrant officer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Non-commissioned ranks</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Petty_officer" title="Petty officer">Petty officer</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Havildar" title="Havildar">Havildar</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Daffadar" title="Daffadar">Daffadar</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leading_seaman" title="Leading seaman">Leading seaman</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Naik_(military_rank)" title="Naik (military rank)">Naik</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Lance_daffadar" title="Lance daffadar">Lance daffadar</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seaman 1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lance_naik" title="Lance naik">Lance <i>naik</i></a>/<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Acting_Lance-Daffadar" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting Lance-Daffadar">Acting Lance-Daffadar</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leading_aircraftsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading aircraftsman">Leading aircraftsman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seaman 2</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sepoy" title="Sepoy">Sepoy</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Sowar" title="Sowar">Sowar</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aircraftsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraftsman">Aircraftsman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><i><b>Footnotes</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-submaj-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-submaj_174-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Risaldar_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Risaldar major"><i>Risaldar</i> major</a> in cavalry and armoured regiments</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sub-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sub_175-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Risaldar" title="Risaldar">Risaldar</a></i> in cavalry and armoured regiments</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbsub-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nbsub_176-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Naib_risaldar" class="mw-redirect" title="Naib risaldar">Naib risaldar</a></i> in cavalry and armoured regiments.<br />Called <i><a href="/wiki/Jemadar" title="Jemadar">jemadar</a></i> until 1965.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="10">General / flag officers </th> <th colspan="6">Senior officers </th> <th colspan="8">Junior officers </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Army</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-India_Army_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-India_Army-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style 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</td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Captain_of_the_Indian_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Captain_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/50px-Captain_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Captain_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/75px-Captain_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Captain_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/100px-Captain_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lieutenant_of_the_Indian_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lieutenant_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/50px-Lieutenant_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lieutenant_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/75px-Lieutenant_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lieutenant_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/100px-Lieutenant_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(India)" title="Field marshal (India)">Field marshal</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">फील्ड मार्शल</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/General_(India)" title="General (India)">General</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">जनरल</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(India)" title="Lieutenant general (India)">Lieutenant general</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">लेफ्टिनेंट जनरल</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Major_general_(India)" title="Major general (India)">Major general</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">मेजर जनरल</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(India)" title="Brigadier (India)">Brigadier</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">ब्रिगेडियर</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(India)" title="Colonel (India)">Colonel</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">कर्नल</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lieutenant colonel</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">लेफ्टिनेंट कर्नल</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">मेजर</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">कैप्टन</span></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">लेफ्टिनेंट</span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td colspan="2">Honorary/<br />War time rank </td> <td colspan="2">Held by the<br /><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of Defence Staff (India)">Chief of Defence Staff</a> (<a href="/wiki/File:Rank_insignia_for_India_CDS.svg" title="File:Rank insignia for India CDS.svg">with different insignia</a>)<br />and/or the<br /><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Chief of the Army Staff</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Indian_Army_paratrooper_with_the_50th_Independent_Para_Brigade_exits_a_CH47_Chinook_helicopter_in_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/An_Indian_Army_paratrooper_with_the_50th_Independent_Para_Brigade_exits_a_CH47_Chinook_helicopter_in_2013.jpg/240px-An_Indian_Army_paratrooper_with_the_50th_Independent_Para_Brigade_exits_a_CH47_Chinook_helicopter_in_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/An_Indian_Army_paratrooper_with_the_50th_Independent_Para_Brigade_exits_a_CH47_Chinook_helicopter_in_2013.jpg/360px-An_Indian_Army_paratrooper_with_the_50th_Independent_Para_Brigade_exits_a_CH47_Chinook_helicopter_in_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/An_Indian_Army_paratrooper_with_the_50th_Independent_Para_Brigade_exits_a_CH47_Chinook_helicopter_in_2013.jpg/480px-An_Indian_Army_paratrooper_with_the_50th_Independent_Para_Brigade_exits_a_CH47_Chinook_helicopter_in_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1959" data-file-height="1395" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">An Indian Army paratrooper with the <a href="/wiki/50th_Parachute_Brigade_(India)" title="50th Parachute Brigade (India)">50th Parachute Brigade</a> jumps from a helicopter</div></div></div></div> <p><b>Other Ranks</b> </p> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccc;"> <th>Rank group</th> <th colspan="10">Junior commissioned officers</th> <th colspan="18">Non commissioned officer</th> <th colspan="8">Enlisted </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Army</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-India_Army_177-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-India_Army-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Armies/OR/India" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Armies/OR/India" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Armies/OR/India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Subedar_Major_-_Risaldar_Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Subedar_Major_-_Risaldar_Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/50px-Subedar_Major_-_Risaldar_Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Subedar_Major_-_Risaldar_Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/75px-Subedar_Major_-_Risaldar_Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Subedar_Major_-_Risaldar_Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/100px-Subedar_Major_-_Risaldar_Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="728" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Subedar_-_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Subedar_-_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/50px-Subedar_-_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Subedar_-_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/75px-Subedar_-_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Subedar_-_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/100px-Subedar_-_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="728" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naib_Subedar_-_Naib_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Naib_Subedar_-_Naib_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/50px-Naib_Subedar_-_Naib_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Naib_Subedar_-_Naib_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/75px-Naib_Subedar_-_Naib_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Naib_Subedar_-_Naib_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/100px-Naib_Subedar_-_Naib_Risaldar_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="728" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="12"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India-Army-OR-6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/India-Army-OR-6.svg/50px-India-Army-OR-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/India-Army-OR-6.svg/75px-India-Army-OR-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/India-Army-OR-6.svg/100px-India-Army-OR-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="146" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India-Army-OR-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/India-Army-OR-4.svg/50px-India-Army-OR-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/India-Army-OR-4.svg/75px-India-Army-OR-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/India-Army-OR-4.svg/100px-India-Army-OR-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="115" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India-Army-OR-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/India-Army-OR-3.svg/50px-India-Army-OR-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/India-Army-OR-3.svg/75px-India-Army-OR-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/India-Army-OR-3.svg/100px-India-Army-OR-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="85" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="8"><b>No insignia</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Subedar-major" title="Subedar-major">Subedar-major</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">सूबेदार मेजर</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Subedar" title="Subedar">Subedar</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">सूबेदार</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Junior_commissioned_officer" title="Junior commissioned officer">Naib subedar</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">नायब सूबेदार</span></span> </td> <td colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Havildar" title="Havildar">Havildar</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">हवलदार</span></span> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Naik_(military_rank)" title="Naik (military rank)">Naik</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">नायक</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lance_naik" title="Lance naik">Lance naik</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">लांस नायक</span></span> </td> <td colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Sepoy" title="Sepoy">Sepoy</a><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">सिपाही</span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uniforms">Uniforms</h3></div> <p>To make themselves less of a target, the forces of the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> in India dyed their white summer <a href="/wiki/Tunic" title="Tunic">tunics</a> to neutral tones initially a tan called <a href="/wiki/Khaki" title="Khaki">khaki</a> (from the <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> word for "dusty"). This was a temporary measure that became standard in the Indian service in the 1880s. Only during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> in 1902, did the entire <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> standardise on <a href="/wiki/Dun_(colour)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dun (colour)">dun</a> for <a href="/wiki/Service_Dress_(British_Army)" title="Service Dress (British Army)">Service Dress</a>. The Indian Army uniform standardised on dun for khaki. </p><p>The service dress consists of a dark green coloured short-sleeved shirt with matching dark green trousers. Officers can add a four pocket tunic worn over a peach coloured button down shirt and black tie. The Winter "Angola", meaning Angora wool, version substitutes a light brown/dark khaki long-sleeved button up shirt. It is accompanied by beret or peaked cap depending on the regiment the soldier belongs to. Organizational headwear, sashes, belts, <a href="/wiki/Spats_(footwear)" title="Spats (footwear)">spats</a>, medals, lanyards, and other achievements are added for ceremonial duties. A black version is worn by the Armoured Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-defencedirecteducation.com_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defencedirecteducation.com-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2006 standard issued <a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">camouflage</a> uniform of the Indian Army was the PC-DPM which consists of <a href="/wiki/Camouflage_Central-Europe" title="Camouflage Central-Europe">French Camouflage Europe Centrale</a> featuring a forest camouflage pattern and is designed for use in woodland environments being printed on <a href="/wiki/Battle_Dress_Uniform" title="Battle Dress Uniform">BDU</a>. The Desert variant issued in 2006 was based on the <a href="/wiki/Camouflage_Daguet" title="Camouflage Daguet">French Camouflage Daguet</a> printed on <a href="/wiki/Battle_Dress_Uniform" title="Battle Dress Uniform">BDU</a>, which features a desert camouflage pattern, is used by artillery and infantry posted in dusty, semi-desert, and desert areas of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> and its vicinity. Starting in 2022, a digital pixelated camouflage pattern uniform designed by <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology" title="National Institute of Fashion Technology">NIFT</a> has been adopted, while the uniform style is similar to the US Marine <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Combat_Utility_Uniform" title="Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform">MMCUU</a> uniform.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new <a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">camouflage</a> pattern retains the mix of colours including <a href="/wiki/Olive_(color)" title="Olive (color)">olive green</a> and <a href="/wiki/Earthen" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthen">earthen</a>, and has been designed keeping in mind aspects like areas of deployment of the troops and climatic conditions they operate in. According to the officials, the <a href="/wiki/Fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabric">fabric</a> of the new material makes it lighter, sturdier, more breathable, and more suitable for the different <a href="/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain">terrains</a> that the soldiers are posted in.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new uniform, unlike the old one, has a <a href="/wiki/Army_Combat_Shirt" title="Army Combat Shirt">combat T-shirt</a> worn underneath and a <a href="/wiki/Jacket" title="Jacket">jacket</a> over it. Also, unlike the older uniform, the shirt will not be tucked in. The jacket has angular top pockets, lower pockets with vertical openings, knife <a href="/wiki/Pleat" title="Pleat">pleats</a> at the back, a pocket on the left <a href="/wiki/Sleeve" title="Sleeve">sleeve</a> & a pen holder on the left forearm, and improved-quality buttons. The <a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">trousers</a> will be adjustable at the waist with elastic and buttons, and has a double layer at the groin. For the caps, the <a href="/wiki/Girth_(tack)" title="Girth (tack)">girth</a> will be adjustable, and the logo of the Army will be of better quality than earlier. </p><p>The new uniforms would not be available in the <a href="/wiki/Open_market" title="Open market">open market</a>. The uniforms will be <a href="/wiki/Barcode" title="Barcode">barcoded</a> and <a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">QR coded</a> to maintain their uniqueness and will be available only through the ordnance chain or military canteens.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To control random proliferation, they will come in over a dozen pre-stitched standard sizes. The new uniform will be made available in a phased manner to the nearly 1.2 million personnel of the Indian Army. </p><p>The modern Indian Army wears distinctive parade uniforms characterised by variegated turbans and waist-sashes in regimental colours. The Gurkha and <a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Rifles" title="Garhwal Rifles">Garhwal Rifles</a> and the Assam, Kumaon, and Naga Regiments wear broad-brimmed hats of traditional style. Traditionally, all rifle regiments (the Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, the Garhwal Rifles, all Gorkha Rifles, and the Rajputana Rifles), as well as the Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry, wear <a href="/wiki/Rank_badge" class="mw-redirect" title="Rank badge">rank badges</a>, buttons, and wire-embroidered articles in black, instead of the usual brass (or gold) colour, as the original role of the rifle regiments was camouflage and concealment. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WLUS_131.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian Army officer in green service uniform"><img alt="Indian Army officer in green service uniform" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/WLUS_131.jpg/80px-WLUS_131.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/WLUS_131.jpg/120px-WLUS_131.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/WLUS_131.jpg/160px-WLUS_131.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Indian Army officer in green service uniform</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IndianArmyDelhi.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Soldiers of the Assam Regiment wearing the Angola winter shirt."><img alt="Soldiers of the Assam Regiment wearing the Angola winter shirt." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/IndianArmyDelhi.JPG/120px-IndianArmyDelhi.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/IndianArmyDelhi.JPG/180px-IndianArmyDelhi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/IndianArmyDelhi.JPG/240px-IndianArmyDelhi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2704" data-file-height="2084" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Assam_Regiment" title="Assam Regiment">Assam Regiment</a> wearing the Angola winter shirt.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army_Winter_Camouflage_2022_-_New.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Winter camouflage adopted in 2022"><img alt="Winter camouflage adopted in 2022" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Indian_Army_Winter_Camouflage_2022_-_New.jpg/60px-Indian_Army_Winter_Camouflage_2022_-_New.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Indian_Army_Winter_Camouflage_2022_-_New.jpg/90px-Indian_Army_Winter_Camouflage_2022_-_New.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Indian_Army_Winter_Camouflage_2022_-_New.jpg/120px-Indian_Army_Winter_Camouflage_2022_-_New.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="997" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Winter camouflage adopted in 2022</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WLUS_40.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian Army Para-Commando wearing the PC-DPM based on a combination of French French Camouflage Europe Centrale printed on US-style BDU"><img alt="Indian Army Para-Commando wearing the PC-DPM based on a combination of French French Camouflage Europe Centrale printed on US-style BDU" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/WLUS_40.jpg/80px-WLUS_40.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/WLUS_40.jpg/120px-WLUS_40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/WLUS_40.jpg/160px-WLUS_40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Indian Army Para-Commando wearing the PC-DPM based on a combination of French <a href="/wiki/Camouflage_Central-Europe" title="Camouflage Central-Europe">French Camouflage Europe Centrale</a> printed on US-style <a href="/wiki/Battle_Dress_Uniform" title="Battle Dress Uniform">BDU</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NIFT_camo_of_Northern_Command_IA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Senior officer from Northern Command wearing the new NIFT Camouflage"><img alt="Senior officer from Northern Command wearing the new NIFT Camouflage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/NIFT_camo_of_Northern_Command_IA.jpg/120px-NIFT_camo_of_Northern_Command_IA.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/NIFT_camo_of_Northern_Command_IA.jpg/180px-NIFT_camo_of_Northern_Command_IA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/NIFT_camo_of_Northern_Command_IA.jpg/240px-NIFT_camo_of_Northern_Command_IA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="1363" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Senior officer from Northern Command wearing the new NIFT Camouflage</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army_in_New_uniform.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian Army personnel wearing the new uniform designed by NIFT"><img alt="Indian Army personnel wearing the new uniform designed by NIFT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Indian_Army_in_New_uniform.jpg/78px-Indian_Army_in_New_uniform.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Indian_Army_in_New_uniform.jpg/117px-Indian_Army_in_New_uniform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Indian_Army_in_New_uniform.jpg/156px-Indian_Army_in_New_uniform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="745" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Indian Army personnel wearing the new uniform designed by <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology" title="National Institute of Fashion Technology">NIFT</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:14MARATHAJawan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="14th Maratha jawan in ceremonial version of the service dress"><img alt="14th Maratha jawan in ceremonial version of the service dress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/14MARATHAJawan.jpg/74px-14MARATHAJawan.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/14MARATHAJawan.jpg/110px-14MARATHAJawan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/14MARATHAJawan.jpg/147px-14MARATHAJawan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="651" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">14th Maratha jawan in ceremonial version of the service dress</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medals_and_awards">Medals and awards</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces</a></div> <p>The medals awarded by the President of India for gallantry displayed on the battlefield, in order of precedence, are <a href="/wiki/Param_Vir_Chakra" title="Param Vir Chakra">Param Vir Chakra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maha_Vir_Chakra" title="Maha Vir Chakra">Maha Vir Chakra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vir_Chakra" title="Vir Chakra">Vir Chakra</a>. </p><p>The medals awarded by the President for gallantry displayed away from the battlefield, in order of precedence, are <a href="/wiki/Ashoka_Chakra_(military_decoration)" title="Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)">Ashoka Chakra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirti_Chakra" title="Kirti Chakra">Kirti Chakra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shaurya_Chakra" title="Shaurya Chakra">Shaurya Chakra</a>. </p><p>Many of the recipients of these awards have been Indian Army personnel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women">Women</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Armed_Forces_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Indian_Armed_Forces_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg/220px-Indian_Armed_Forces_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Indian_Armed_Forces_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg/330px-Indian_Armed_Forces_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Indian_Armed_Forces_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg/440px-Indian_Armed_Forces_-_Republic_day_parade_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1354" /></a><figcaption>All Women contingents from the three services during Republic day parade 2024</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Indian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in the Indian Army">Women in the Indian Army</a></div> <p>The role of women in the Indian Army began when the Indian Military Nursing Service was formed in 1888. Nurses served in World Wars I and II, where 350 Indian Army nurses either died, were taken prisoner of war, or declared missing in action; this includes nurses who died when SS Kuala was sunk by Japanese Bombers in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1992, the Indian Army began inducting women officers in non-medical roles.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agnipath_Recruiting_Scheme">Agnipath Recruiting Scheme</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Agnipath_Scheme" title="Agnipath Scheme">Agnipath Scheme</a><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (also spelled <b>Agneepath Scheme</b>) (<a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a>: <i lang="hi">Agnīpath Yojanā</i>, <abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Agnipath Scheme</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Tour_of_duty" title="Tour of duty">tour of duty</a> style scheme approved by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> on 14 June 2022 and implemented in the country a few months later in September 2022, for recruitment of soldiers below the rank of commissioned officers into the three services of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">armed forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IE_explained_158-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IE_explained-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All recruits will be hired only for a four-year period however 25% will be eligible for advancement into career status.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Personnel recruited under this system are to be called <i>Agniveers</i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Fire-Warriors</span>), which will be a new military rank.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sushant_Singh_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sushant_Singh-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The introduction of the scheme has been criticised for lack of consultation and public debate.<sup id="cite_ref-Sushant_Singh_159-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sushant_Singh-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initial training will last six months and the remaining three years and six months will be service time.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of equipment of the Indian Army">List of equipment of the Indian Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">List of active Indian military aircraft</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akash_Indian_Army.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Akash_Indian_Army.jpg/220px-Akash_Indian_Army.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Akash_Indian_Army.jpg/330px-Akash_Indian_Army.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Akash_Indian_Army.jpg/440px-Akash_Indian_Army.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Akash_(missile)" title="Akash (missile)">Akash Surface to Air Missile</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the army equipment is imported, but efforts are being made to manufacture indigenous equipment. The <a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a> has developed a range of weapons for the Indian Army, including small arms, artillery, radars, and the <a href="/wiki/Arjun_(tank)" title="Arjun (tank)">Arjun</a> tank. All Indian military small-arms are manufactured under the umbrella administration of the <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Factories_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance Factories Board">Ordnance Factories Board</a>, with principal firearm manufacturing facilities in Ichhapore, <a href="/wiki/Cossipore" title="Cossipore">Cossipore</a>, Kanpur, Jabalpur, and Tiruchirapalli. The Indian Small Arms System (<a href="/wiki/INSAS" class="mw-redirect" title="INSAS">INSAS</a>) rifle, which has been successfully deployed since 1997, is a product of <a href="/wiki/Rifle_Factory_Ishapore" title="Rifle Factory Ishapore">Rifle Factory Ishapore</a>, while ammunition is manufactured at Khadki, and possibly at Bolangir.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, Army chief <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Singh_(general)" title="Bikram Singh (general)">General Bikram Singh</a> said that if given sufficient budget support, the Indian Army might be able to acquire half the ammunition needed to fight in a major conflict by the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Army_Rudra_MK-IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Indian_Army_Rudra_MK-IV.jpg/220px-Indian_Army_Rudra_MK-IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Indian_Army_Rudra_MK-IV.jpg/330px-Indian_Army_Rudra_MK-IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Indian_Army_Rudra_MK-IV.jpg/440px-Indian_Army_Rudra_MK-IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1662" data-file-height="967" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HAL_Rudra" title="HAL Rudra">HAL Rudra</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aircraft">Aircraft</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Army_Aviation_Corps_(India)" title="Army Aviation Corps (India)">Army Aviation Corps</a> is the main body of the Indian Army for tactical air transport, reconnaissance, and medical evacuation, while the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a>'s helicopter assets are responsible for assisting army troop transport and close air support. The Aviation Corps operates approximately 150 helicopters. The Indian army had projected a requirement for a helicopter that can carry loads of up to 750 kilograms (1,650 lb) to heights of 7,000 m (23,000 ft) on the Siachen Glacier in Jammu and Kashmir. Flying at these heights poses unique challenges due to the rarefied atmosphere. The Indian Army will induct the <a href="/wiki/HAL_Light_Utility_Helicopter" title="HAL Light Utility Helicopter">HAL Light Utility Helicopter</a> to replace its ageing fleet of <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Alouette_III" title="Aérospatiale Alouette III">Chetaks</a> and <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Alouette_II" title="Aérospatiale Alouette II">Cheetahs</a>, some of which were deployed more than three decades ago.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 October 2012, the defence minister gave control of attack helicopters to the Indian Army, which had formerly rested the Indian Air force.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_developments">Future developments</h3></div> <p>The major ongoing weapons programmes of the Indian Army are as follows: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infantry_2">Infantry</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F-INSAS" title="F-INSAS">F-INSAS</a> is the Indian Army's principal infantry modernisation programme, which aims to modernise the army's 465 infantry and paramilitary battalions by 2020. The programme aims to upgrade the infantry to a multi-calibre rifle with an under-barrel grenade launcher, as well as bulletproof jackets and helmets. The helmet would include a visor, flashlight, thermal sensors, night vision devices, and a miniature computer with an audio headset. There would also be a new lightweight and waterproof uniform, which would help the soldier in carrying extra loads and fighting in an <a href="/wiki/NBC_suit" title="NBC suit">NBC</a> environment.<sup id="cite_ref-dns9j13_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dns9j13-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_Security" title="Cabinet Committee on Security">Cabinet Committee on Security</a> approved raising two new infantry mountain divisions (with around 15,000 combat soldiers each) and an artillery brigade. These divisions were likely to be armed with ultralight howitzers.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2009, it was reported that the Army was advocating a new artillery division. The proposed artillery division, to be under the Kolkata-based <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Command (India)">Eastern Command</a>, was to have three brigades – two armed with 155 mm howitzers and one with the Russian "Smerch" and indigenous "Pinaka" multiple-launch rocket systems.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In February 2024, reports emerged for the formation of a new Corps under the <a href="/wiki/Central_Command_(India)" title="Central Command (India)">Central Command</a> for deployment along <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">Line of Actual Control</a> (LAC).<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=XVIIII_Corps_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XVIIII Corps (India) (page does not exist)">XVIII Corps</a> will consist of at least one division (with around 15,000 to 18,000 combat soldiers each) and three independent brigades. This includes 14 RAPID Division, 9 Mountain Brigade, 136 Mountain Brigade and 119 Mountain Brigade. This move will convert HQ Uttar Bharat from a Static Formation into 'Full-fledged Combat Arm'.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This move is in a proposal stage in the Army and will be forwarded to the Ministry of Defence for clearance.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In April 2024, Indian Army proposed two new formations. One of them was the creation of an "adversial force" acting as <a href="/wiki/Opposing_force" title="Opposing force">opposing force</a> which will represent an enemy force in wargames. The other one is a "test-bed brigades or formation" which will enhance the efficiency of testing new weapons for procurement.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Indian Army is also preparing to form <a href="/wiki/XVII_Corps_(India)#Integrated_Battle_Groups" title="XVII Corps (India)">Integrated Battle Groups</a> and replace the traditional formations of Divisions and Brigades.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Small_Arms">Small Arms</h4></div> <ul><li>The Indian Army has 70,000 <a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_SIG516#Variants" title="SIG Sauer SIG516">Sig Sauer SIG 716</a> assault rifles on order for its frontline troops engaged in counter-militancy operations.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>To meet the needs of the rest of its soldiers, the army has selected the Russian 7.62 mm <a href="/wiki/AK-203" title="AK-203">AK-203</a> assault rifle as a "Make in India" project to manufacture 650,000 rifles through a government-to-government agreement. To be manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Indo-Russia_Rifles" title="Indo-Russia Rifles">Indo-Russia Rifles Private Limited</a> (IRRPL)<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Army has 550 units of indigenous <a href="/wiki/ASMI" title="ASMI">ASMI</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Para_(Special_Forces)" title="Para (Special Forces)">Para SF</a>) submachine guns and another 550 units of <a href="/wiki/Taurus_SMT" title="Taurus SMT">Taurus T9</a> on order.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Earlier development efforts of the DRDO to meet the Indian Army's small arms requirements—namely the <a href="/wiki/Excalibur_rifle" title="Excalibur rifle">Excalibur rifle</a>, which was meant to replace the INSAS rifle in service;<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Multi_Caliber_Individual_Weapon_System_(MCIWS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi Caliber Individual Weapon System (MCIWS)">Multi Caliber Individual Weapon System (MCIWS)</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Sub_Machine_Carbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Sub Machine Carbine">Modern Sub Machine Carbine</a>, a combined venture of ARDE & OFB to develop an assault carbine for the Indian Army based on a platform of experiences from the INSAS rifle—have been halted.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mechanised_Forces">Mechanised Forces</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arjun_Mark_1_Alpha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arjun_Mark_1_Alpha.jpg/220px-Arjun_Mark_1_Alpha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arjun_Mark_1_Alpha.jpg/330px-Arjun_Mark_1_Alpha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Arjun_Mark_1_Alpha.jpg/440px-Arjun_Mark_1_Alpha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1893" data-file-height="837" /></a><figcaption>Indian Army's <a href="/wiki/Arjun_(tank)" title="Arjun (tank)">Arjun Mark 1 Alpha</a> tank</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>India is currently re-organising its mechanised forces to achieve strategic mobility and high-volume firepower for rapid thrusts into enemy territory.</li> <li>India proposes to progressively deploy as many as 248 <a href="/wiki/Arjun_(tank)" title="Arjun (tank)">Arjun</a> main battle tanks (MBT) and to develop and deploy the Arjun MK-1A<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> variant, as well as 1,657 Russian-made <a href="/wiki/T-90" title="T-90">T-90</a>S MBTs. The army is procuring 2,000 night vision devices for T-72 tanks, for Rs 10 billion; 1,200 for T-90 tanks, for Rs 9.60 billion; and 1,780 for infantry combat vehicles, for Rs 8.60 billion.</li> <li>It is also acquiring 700 TISAS (thermal imaging stand-alone systems) and 418 TIFACS (thermal fire control systems) for its T-72 fleet, at a cost of around $230 million. 300 Israeli TISAS were installed as part of several T-72 upgrade phases, followed by 3,860 image intensifier-based night-vision devices. 310 Russian produced T-90S Main Battle Tanks were also fitted with French Catherine TI cameras.<sup id="cite_ref-zn2a13_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zn2a13-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tect2a13_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tect2a13-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Future Ready Combat Vehicle</b> (FRCV): Indian Army will issue an Request for Proposal to purchase 1,770 next generation tanks to replace T-72s from 2030 onwards. 590 units to be inducted in first phase. Deployment will be carried out in three phases. Features includes AI, drone integration, active protection system, network centric operation, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-Times_of_India-2024_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times_of_India-2024-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_LT" class="mw-redirect" title="Zorawar LT">Zorawar LT</a>: Light tanks (under 25 tonnes) developed especially for deployment in mountainous terrain. 59 ordered, 295 more planned.<sup id="cite_ref-Times_of_India-2024_210-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times_of_India-2024-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_(tank)#FMBT" title="Arjun (tank)">Futuristic Main Battle Tank</a> (FMBT) – Upgraded version of Arjun Mk 1A. Fourth Generation MBT. It will be a 50 tonne tank powered by an indigenous 1,500 hp or 1,800 hp engine. At the conceptual stage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhay_IFV" title="Abhay IFV">Abhay IFV</a> – Future Infantry Combat Vehicle (FICV). Intended to replace <a href="/wiki/BMP-2" title="BMP-2">BMP II</a> in Indian Army.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TATA_Kestrel" class="mw-redirect" title="TATA Kestrel">TATA Kestrel</a> – A modern armoured personnel carrier (APC) developed by Tata Motors and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (<a href="/wiki/DRDO" class="mw-redirect" title="DRDO">DRDO</a>). It was developed to replace old Soviet-era infantry fighting vehicles (BMP) and APCs in service with the Indian army. Army has a requirement of 198 units.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aviation">Aviation</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HAL_LUH_Aero_India_2023_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/HAL_LUH_Aero_India_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-HAL_LUH_Aero_India_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/HAL_LUH_Aero_India_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-HAL_LUH_Aero_India_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/HAL_LUH_Aero_India_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-HAL_LUH_Aero_India_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HAL_Light_Utility_Helicopter" title="HAL Light Utility Helicopter">HAL Light Utility Helicopter</a> </figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_AH-64_Apache" title="Boeing AH-64 Apache">Boeing AH-64 Apache</a>: 6 on order. 11 more planned.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Air_Forces_20242_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Air_Forces_20242-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAL_Light_Combat_Helicopter" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Light Combat Helicopter">HAL Prachand</a> (LCH): 90 cleared for induction.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAL_Light_Utility_Helicopter" title="HAL Light Utility Helicopter">HAL Light Utility Helicopter</a> (LUH): 6 LSP ordered, 90 initially planned. To replace <a href="/wiki/HAL_Chetak" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Chetak">Chetak</a> and <a href="/wiki/HAL_Cheetah" class="mw-redirect" title="HAL Cheetah">Cheetah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Missiles">Missiles</h4></div> <ul><li><b>Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prahaar_(missile)" title="Prahaar (missile)">Prahaar (missile)</a> – With a range of 150 km (90 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni-P" title="Agni-P">Agni P</a>- Also known as Agni Prime. 1,000 km (620 mi)–2,000 km (1,200 mi) range. To replace <a href="/wiki/Agni-I" title="Agni-I">Agni-I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni-IV" title="Agni-IV">Agni-IV</a> – Also known as the Agni-II prime in the earlier times, it has an effective range of 4000 km and a cruise altitude of 900 km.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni-V" title="Agni-V">Agni-V</a> – 7,000 km (4,300 mi)–8,000 km (5,000 mi) Successfully tested in MIRV configuration on 11 March 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni-VI" title="Agni-VI">Agni-VI</a> – 10,000 km (6,200 mi)–12,000 km (7,500 mi) range with <a href="/wiki/MIRV" class="mw-redirect" title="MIRV">MIRVed</a> warheads. Currently in planning stage.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Cruise Missiles</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypersonic_Technology_Demonstrator_Vehicle" title="Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle">Hypersonic cruise missile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirbhay" title="Nirbhay">Nirbhay Missile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BrahMos#Further_developments" title="BrahMos">BrahMos NG</a><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AAD_Launch_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/AAD_Launch_Crop.jpg/169px-AAD_Launch_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/AAD_Launch_Crop.jpg/254px-AAD_Launch_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/AAD_Launch_Crop.jpg/339px-AAD_Launch_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1264" data-file-height="1396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Air_Defence_(AAD)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Air Defence (AAD)">Advanced Air Defence (AAD)</a> missile launch, 2008</figcaption></figure></li></ul></li> <li><b>Anti-Tank Guided Missiles</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nag_(missile)" title="Nag (missile)">Nag Anti-tank guided missile</a> – ground and air-launched variant.</li></ul></li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Programme" title="Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme">Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme</a></b> is an initiative to develop and deploy a multi-layered ballistic missile defence system to protect India from ballistic missile attacks. It is a double-tiered system. Phase 1 development is complete, which consists of <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Air_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Prithvi Air Defence">Prithvi Air Defence (PAD)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Air_Defence_(AAD)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Air Defence (AAD)">Advanced Air Defence (AAD)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Programme#Prithvi_Defence_Vehicle_(PDV)" title="Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme">Prithvi Defence Vehicle (PDV)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ballistic_Missile_Defence_Programme#Prithvi_Defence_Vehicle_Mark_2" title="Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme">Prithvi Defence Vehicle Mk 2</a> missiles. Phase 2 missiles are in the trial phase.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Artillery_2">Artillery</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K-9_VAJRA-T_passes_through_the_Rajpath,_at_the_71st_Republic_Day_Celebrations,_at_Rajpath,_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26,_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/K-9_VAJRA-T_passes_through_the_Rajpath%2C_at_the_71st_Republic_Day_Celebrations%2C_at_Rajpath%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2020.jpg/220px-K-9_VAJRA-T_passes_through_the_Rajpath%2C_at_the_71st_Republic_Day_Celebrations%2C_at_Rajpath%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/K-9_VAJRA-T_passes_through_the_Rajpath%2C_at_the_71st_Republic_Day_Celebrations%2C_at_Rajpath%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2020.jpg/330px-K-9_VAJRA-T_passes_through_the_Rajpath%2C_at_the_71st_Republic_Day_Celebrations%2C_at_Rajpath%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/K-9_VAJRA-T_passes_through_the_Rajpath%2C_at_the_71st_Republic_Day_Celebrations%2C_at_Rajpath%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2020.jpg/440px-K-9_VAJRA-T_passes_through_the_Rajpath%2C_at_the_71st_Republic_Day_Celebrations%2C_at_Rajpath%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_26%2C_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1349" /></a><figcaption>K-9 VAJRA-T at the 71st Republic Day (2020)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Under the <a href="/wiki/Field_Artillery_Rationalisation_Plan" title="Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan">Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan</a> (FARP) of 2010, the army plans to procure 3000 to 4000 units of artillery at the cost of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>200 billion</span> (US$2 billion). This includes purchasing 1580 towed, 814 mounted, 180 self-propelled wheeled, 100 self-propelled tracked, and 145 ultra-light 155 mm/39 calibre guns. The requirement for artillery guns would be met with indigenous development and production.<sup id="cite_ref-bustd_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bustd-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Towed Guns - 114 <a href="/wiki/Dhanush_(howitzer)" title="Dhanush (howitzer)">Dhanush</a> ordered (18 delivered), 307 <a href="/wiki/DRDO_Advanced_Towed_Artillery_Gun_System" class="mw-redirect" title="DRDO Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System">ATAGS</a> planned, 1,200 <a href="/wiki/155_mm_caliber" title="155 mm caliber">155 mm</a> <a href="/wiki/Caliber_(artillery)" title="Caliber (artillery)">L/52</a> howitzers planned.<sup id="cite_ref-artillery_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artillery-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-janes.com_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janes.com-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mounted Guns - 200 <a href="/wiki/105_mm_calibre" title="105 mm calibre">105 mm</a> <a href="/wiki/Caliber_(artillery)" title="Caliber (artillery)">L/37</a> howitzers and 814 <a href="/wiki/155_mm_caliber" title="155 mm caliber">155 mm</a> <a href="/wiki/Caliber_(artillery)" title="Caliber (artillery)">L/52</a> howitzers planned.<sup id="cite_ref-janes.com_222-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janes.com-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Self propelled tracked guns - 100 <a href="/wiki/K9_Thunder#India" title="K9 Thunder">K-9 Vajra-T</a> delivered, 100 on order; another 100 planned.<sup id="cite_ref-janes.com_222-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-janes.com-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ultra light howitzer - 145 <a href="/wiki/M777_howitzer" title="M777 howitzer">M777</a> guns delivered.<sup id="cite_ref-Variant_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Variant-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vehicles">Vehicles</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors</a> offers a full range of 6×6, 8×8, and 12×12 multi-purpose high mobility carriers, designed especially for integrating specialist rocket and missile systems. The Tata 2038 6×6 vehicle platform has, after rigorous field-firing evaluation trials, been qualified by the Indian Army to carry the GRAD BM21 Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL) application.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahindra_Axe" title="Mahindra Axe">Mahindra Axe</a> – Light utility vehicle to be purchased.</li> <li>The army needs 3,000 light support vehicles and 1600 heavy motor vehicles for mounting rockets and radar, and for reconnaissance and transportation, at a cost of Rs 15 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Land_Warfare_Studies" title="Centre for Land Warfare Studies">Centre for Land Warfare Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_generals_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of serving generals of the Indian Army">List of serving generals of the Indian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Day_(India)" title="Army Day (India)">Army Day (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions">Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Red_(football_team)" title="Army Red (football team)">Army Red Football Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Green_(football_team)" title="Army Green (football team)">Army Green Football Club</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSingh_Rana2017" class="citation news cs1">Singh Rana, Uday (27 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news18.com/news/india/20-sailor-shortage-in-navy-15-officer-posts-vacant-in-army-nirmala-sitharaman-tells-parliament-1616303.html">"20% Sailor Shortage in Navy, 15% Officer Posts Vacant In Army, Nirmala Sitharaman Tells Parliament"</a>. <i>News18</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171227162941/http://www.news18.com/news/india/20-sailor-shortage-in-navy-15-officer-posts-vacant-in-army-nirmala-sitharaman-tells-parliament-1616303.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News18&rft.atitle=20%25+Sailor+Shortage+in+Navy%2C+15%25+Officer+Posts+Vacant+In+Army%2C+Nirmala+Sitharaman+Tells+Parliament&rft.date=2017-12-27&rft.aulast=Singh+Rana&rft.aufirst=Uday&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news18.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2F20-sailor-shortage-in-navy-15-officer-posts-vacant-in-army-nirmala-sitharaman-tells-parliament-1616303.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8-vgAACAAJ"><i>The Military Balance 2017</i></a>. Routledge. 2017. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-900-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-900-7"><bdi>978-1-85743-900-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2017&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-900-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVk8-vgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405170925/http://www.presidentofindia.nic.in/about.htm">"About – The President of India"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://presidentofindia.nic.in/about.htm">the original</a> on 5 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+%E2%80%93+The+President+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpresidentofindia.nic.in%2Fabout.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhargava" class="citation book cs1">Bhargava, R. P. <i>The Chamber of Prince</i>. p. 206. <q><i>Liability with regard to Defence</i><br />This point was examined at length and it was put forward that with due regard to the obligations undertaken by the Crown to protect the States against internal commotion and external aggression, the States could not be asked to contribute the cost of the armed forces of the Crown of India. In the case of several States the price of protection was settled by the Crown and paid by the States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chamber+of+Prince&rft.pages=206&rft.aulast=Bhargava&rft.aufirst=R.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sikhs_Across_Borders-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sikhs_Across_Borders_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sikhs_Across_Borders_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Sikhs Across Borders</i>. p. 37. <q>In 1914, the Indian Army consisted of 39 cavalry regiments, 118 battalions of Indian infantry, and 20 battalions of Gurkha Rifles. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Armed+forces+facing+shortage+of+nearly+60%2C000+personnel%3A+Government&rft.date=2017-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fdefence%2Farmed-forces-facing-shortage-of-nearly-60000-personnel-government%2Farticleshow%2F62270482.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IISS_2014-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IISS_2014_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="IISS2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a> (3 February 2014). <i>The Military Balance 2014</i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">241–</span>246. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-722-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-722-5"><bdi>978-1-85743-722-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2014&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E241-%3C%2Fspan%3E246&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-02-03&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-722-5&rft.au=International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8-vgAACAAJ"><i>The Military Balance 2017</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+The+Ministry&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence%2C+Government+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmod.nic.in%2Faboutus%2Fwelcome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEditorial_Team2015" class="citation web cs1">Editorial Team (20 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssbcrack.com/2015/07/10-facts-which-prove-indian-army-living-up-to-its-motto-service-before-self.html">"10 Facts Which Prove Indian Army Living Up To Its Motto – "Service Before Self"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>SSB Interview Tips & Coaching – SSBCrack</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414043620/http://www.ssbcrack.com/2015/07/10-facts-which-prove-indian-army-living-up-to-its-motto-service-before-self.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SSB+Interview+Tips+%26+Coaching+%E2%80%93+SSBCrack&rft.atitle=10+Facts+Which+Prove+Indian+Army+Living+Up+To+Its+Motto+%E2%80%93+%22Service+Before+Self%22&rft.date=2015-07-20&rft.au=Editorial+Team&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssbcrack.com%2F2015%2F07%2F10-facts-which-prove-indian-army-living-up-to-its-motto-service-before-self.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411132259/http://guidinghawk.com/indian-army-official-facebook-page-wikifactsofficial-websitemotto/">"Indian army official Facebook page wiki-facts, official website, motto"</a>. <i>GuidingHawk</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thimayya%3A+an+amazing+life&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=394&rft.pub=Knowledge+World&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-87966-36-4&rft.aulast=Khanduri&rft.aufirst=Chandra+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZWXfAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.pib.gov.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1947-02-07_053.pdf">"Nationalisation of Officer Ranks of the Indian Army"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Press Information Bureau of India – Archive</i>. 7 February 1947<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=Nationalisation+of+Officer+Ranks+of+the+Indian+Army&rft.date=1947-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.pib.gov.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1947-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1947-02-07_053.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaushik Roy, "Expansion And Deployment of the Indian Army during World War II: 1939–45,"<i>Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research,</i> Autumn 2010, Vol. 88 Issue 355, pp 248–268</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-su25-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-su25_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sumner, p.25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CWrepdirect-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CWrepdirect_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100618081321/http://www.cwgc.org/admin/files/cwgc_india.pdf">"Commonwealth War Graves Commission Report on India 2007–2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission+Report+on+India+2007%E2%80%932008&rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Fadmin%2Ffiles%2Fcwgc_india.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Bamber_and_Aad_Neeven1942" class="citation web cs1">Martin Bamber and Aad Neeven (26 August 1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freeindianlegion.info/pag_infanterie-regement-950.php">"The Free Indian Legion – Infantry Regiment 950 (Ind)"</a>. Freeindianlegion.info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317021230/http://www.freeindianlegion.info/pag_infanterie-regement-950.php">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Free+Indian+Legion+%E2%80%93+Infantry+Regiment+950+%28Ind%29&rft.pub=Freeindianlegion.info&rft.date=1942-08-26&rft.au=Martin+Bamber+and+Aad+Neeven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freeindianlegion.info%2Fpag_infanterie-regement-950.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Stanley, "Great in adversity": Indian prisoners of war in New Guinea," <i>Journal of the Australian War Memorial</i> (October 2002) No. 37 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j37/indians.asp">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160208040250/https://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j37/indians.asp">Archived</a> 8 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the Punjab Boundary Force, see Daniel P. Marston, "The Indian Army, Partition, and the Punjab Boundary Force, 1945–47", <i>War in History</i> November 2009, vol. 16 no. 4 469–505</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)". 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Information+Bureau+of+India+%E2%80%93+Archive&rft.atitle=Press+Note&rft.date=1948-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpibarchive.nic.in%2Farchive%2FArchiveSecondPhase%2FDEFENCE%2F1948-JAN-JUNE-DEFENCE%2FPDF%2FDEF-1948-04-06_199.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)". 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kashmiri+Overseas+Association+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Kashmir+in+the+United+Nations&rft.date=1998-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kashmiri-cc.ca%2Fun%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160513100302/http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S%2FRES%2F47%281948%29">"47 (1948). Resolution of 21 April 1948 [S/726]"</a>. <i>United Nations</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/47(1948)">the original</a> on 13 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=47+%281948%29.+Resolution+of+21+April+1948+%5BS%2F726%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fga%2Fsearch%2Fview_doc.asp%3Fsymbol%3DS%2FRES%2F47%281948%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2024/05/113_325480.html">"Indian medical unit during Korean War"</a>. 14 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+medical+unit+during+Korean+War&rft.date=2022-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreatimes.co.kr%2Fwww%2Fnation%2F2024%2F05%2F113_325480.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison2023" class="citation journal cs1">Harrison, M. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10556416">"Casualty Evacuation in Korea, 1950-53: The British Experience"</a>. <i>Ui Sahak</i>. <b>32</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">503–</span>552. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10556416">10556416</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37718561">37718561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ui+Sahak&rft.atitle=Casualty+Evacuation+in+Korea%2C+1950-53%3A+The+British+Experience&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E503-%3C%2Fspan%3E552&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10556416%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37718561&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10556416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce Bueno de Mesquita & David Lalman. <i>War and Reason: Domestic and International Imperatives</i>. Yale University Press (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jhVyb7m_m8MC&pg=PA200">p. 201</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509194521/https://books.google.com/books?id=jhVyb7m_m8MC&pg=PA200&as_brr=3">Archived</a> 9 May 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05922-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05922-9">978-0-300-05922-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alastair I. Johnston & Robert S. Ross. <i>New Directions in the Study of China's Foreign Policy</i>. Stanford University Press (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DCihrQEdPzAC&pg=PA86">p. 99</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=DCihrQEdPzAC&pg=PA86&as_brr=3">Archived</a> 6 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5363-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5363-0">978-0-8047-5363-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claude Arpi. <i>India and her neighbourhood: a French observer's views</i>. Har-Anand Publications (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RtLS3TPoan4C&pg=PA186">p. 186</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=RtLS3TPoan4C&pg=PA186">Archived</a> 6 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-241-1097-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-241-1097-3">978-81-241-1097-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CenturyChina, www.centurychina.com/plaboard/uploads/1962war.htm</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dennis Kux's <i>India and the United States: estranged democracies, 1941–1991</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4289-8189-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-4289-8189-6">1-4289-8189-6</a>, DIANE Publishing, Pg 238</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dijkink, Gertjan. <i>National identity and geopolitical visions: maps of pride and pain</i>. Routledge, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-13934-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-13934-1">0-415-13934-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Praagh, David. <i>The greater game: India's race with destiny and China</i>. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-2639-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-2639-0">0-7735-2639-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pradhan-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pradhan_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pradhan_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pradhan_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR.D._Pradhan_&_Yashwantrao_Balwantrao_Chavan2007" class="citation book cs1">R.D. Pradhan & Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ymYCJQjEGBUC&pg=PA47"><i>1965 War, the Inside Story: Defence Minister Y.B. Chavan's Diary of India-Pakistan War</i></a>. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0762-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0762-5"><bdi>978-81-269-0762-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=ymYCJQjEGBUC&pg=PA47">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1965+War%2C+the+Inside+Story%3A+Defence+Minister+Y.B.+Chavan%27s+Diary+of+India-Pakistan+War&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0762-5&rft.au=R.D.+Pradhan+%26+Yashwantrao+Balwantrao+Chavan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DymYCJQjEGBUC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sumit Ganguly. "Pakistan". In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/intoc.html"><i>India: A Country Study</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070401023700/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/intoc.html">Archived</a> 1 April 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (James Heitzman and Robert L. Worden, editors). <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a> (September 1995).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encarta-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encarta_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encarta_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanguly2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sumit_Ganguly" title="Sumit Ganguly">Ganguly, Sumit</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090508073809/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_781531179/Indo-Pakistan_Wars.html">"Indo-Pakistan Wars"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Encarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Encarta">Microsoft Encarta</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_781531179/indo-pakistan_wars.html">the original</a> on 8 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Indo-Pakistan+Wars&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Encarta&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Ganguly&rft.aufirst=Sumit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.encarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_781531179%2Findo-pakistan_wars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hagerty-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hagerty_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_M._Leonard2006" class="citation book cs1">Thomas M. Leonard (2006). <i>Encyclopedia of the developing world, Volume 2</i>. Taylor & Francis, 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97663-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97663-3"><bdi>978-0-415-97663-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+developing+world%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis%2C+2006&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-97663-3&rft.au=Thomas+M.+Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spencer Tucker. <i>Tanks: An Illustrated History of Their Impact</i>. ABC-CLIO (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N481TmqiSiUC&pg=PA172">p. 172</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=N481TmqiSiUC&pg=PA172">Archived</a> 6 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-995-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-995-9">978-1-57607-995-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sumit Ganguly. <i>Conflict unending: India-Pakistan tensions since 1947</i>. Columbia University Press (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xn_QVYLy6ocC&pg=PA45">p. 45</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=xn_QVYLy6ocC&pg=PA45">Archived</a> 6 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12369-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12369-3">978-0-231-12369-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMishra2004" class="citation book cs1">Mishra, Keshav (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pSpncRn2YFYC"><i>Rapprochement Across the Himalayas: Emerging India-China Relations Post Cold War Period (1947–2003)</i></a>. Gyan Publishing House. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788178352947" title="Special:BookSources/9788178352947"><bdi>9788178352947</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=pSpncRn2YFYC">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rapprochement+Across+the+Himalayas%3A+Emerging+India-China+Relations+Post+Cold+War+Period+%281947%E2%80%932003%29&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Gyan+Publishing+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9788178352947&rft.aulast=Mishra&rft.aufirst=Keshav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpSpncRn2YFYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoontrakul-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hoontrakul_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoontrakul2014" class="citation book cs1">Hoontrakul, Pongsak (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RrKYBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA37"><i>The Global Rise of Asian Transformation: Trends and Developments in Economic Growth Dynamics</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-41235-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-41235-5"><bdi>978-1-137-41235-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160518210733/https://books.google.com/books?id=RrKYBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA37">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Rise+of+Asian+Transformation%3A+Trends+and+Developments+in+Economic+Growth+Dynamics&rft.pages=37&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-137-41235-5&rft.aulast=Hoontrakul&rft.aufirst=Pongsak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRrKYBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203031350/http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=11769">"50 years after Sino-Indian war"</a>. <i>Millennium Post</i>. 16 May 1975. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=11769">the original</a> on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Millennium+Post&rft.atitle=50+years+after+Sino-Indian+war&rft.date=1975-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.millenniumpost.in%2FNewsContent.aspx%3FNID%3D11769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160228201511/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/assault-rifle-excalibur-drdo-dalbir-singh-indian-army-arde/1/449238.html">"Kirantis' khukris flash at Chola in 1967"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/kirantis-khukris-flash-at-chola-in-1967/article1-1239765.aspx">the original</a> on 28 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Kirantis%27+khukris+flash+at+Chola+in+1967&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fchandigarh%2Fkirantis-khukris-flash-at-chola-in-1967%2Farticle1-1239765.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawotiPahari2009" class="citation book cs1">Lawoti, Mahendra; Pahari, Anup Kumar (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KtGNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA208">"Part V: Military and state dimension"</a>. <i>The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal: Revolution in the Twenty-first Century</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-26168-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-26168-9"><bdi>978-1-135-26168-9</bdi></a>. <q>The second turning point came in the wake of the 1971 Bangladesh war of independence which India supported with armed troops. With large contingents of Indian Army troops amassed in the West Bengal border with what was then East Pakistan, the Government of Indira Gandhi used the opening provided by President's Rule to divert sections of the army to assist the police in decisive counter-insurgency drives across Naxal–impacted areas. "Operation Steeplechase," a police and army joint anti–Naxalite undertaking, was launched in July–August 1971. By the end of "Operation Steeplechase" over 20,000 suspected Naxalites were imprisoned and including senior leaders and cadre, and hundreds had been killed in police encounters. It was a massive counter-insurgency undertaking by any standards.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+V%3A+Military+and+state+dimension&rft.btitle=The+Maoist+Insurgency+in+Nepal%3A+Revolution+in+the+Twenty-first+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-135-26168-9&rft.aulast=Lawoti&rft.aufirst=Mahendra&rft.au=Pahari%2C+Anup+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKtGNAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandita2011" class="citation book cs1">Pandita, Rahul (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IZ83V3JLXFMC&pg=PA23"><i>Hello, Bastar : The Untold Story of India's Maoist Movement</i></a>. Chennai: Westland (Tranquebar Press). pp. <span class="nowrap">23–</span>24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-80658-34-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-80658-34-6"><bdi>978-93-80658-34-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/754482226">754482226</a>. <q>Meanwhile, the Congress government led by Indira Gandhi decided to send in the army and tackle the problem militarily. A combined operation called Operation Steeplechase was launched jointly by the military, paramilitary and state police forces in West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.<br />In Kolkata, Lt General J.F.R. Jacob of the Indian Army's Eastern Command received two very important visitors in his office in October 1969. One was the army chief General Sam Manekshaw and the other was the home secretary Govind Narain. Jacob was told of the Centre's plan to send in the army to break the Naxal. More than 40 years later, Jacob would recall how he had asked for more troops, some of which he got along with a brigade of para commandos. When he asked his boss to give him something in writing, Manekshaw declined, saying, 'Nothing in writing.' while secretary Narain added that there should be no publicity and no records.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hello%2C+Bastar+%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+India%27s+Maoist+Movement&rft.place=Chennai&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.pub=Westland+%28Tranquebar+Press%29&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F754482226&rft.isbn=978-93-80658-34-6&rft.aulast=Pandita&rft.aufirst=Rahul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIZ83V3JLXFMC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Owen Bennett Jones. <i>Pakistan: Eye of the Storm</i>. Yale University Press (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ONZpltd6UZ8C&pg=RA1-PA177">p. 177</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=ONZpltd6UZ8C&pg=RA1-PA177">Archived</a> 6 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10147-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10147-8">978-0-300-10147-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric H. Arnett. <i>Military capacity and the risk of war: China, India, Pakistan, and Iran</i>. Oxford University Press (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eOgj3HHDnJkC&pg=PA134">p. 134</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=eOgj3HHDnJkC&pg=PA134">Archived</a> 6 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829281-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829281-4">978-0-19-829281-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Paul Kapur. <i>Dangerous deterrent: nuclear weapons proliferation and conflict in South Asia</i>. Stanford University Press (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Qbovlt-eZ4C&pg=PA17">p. 17</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=6Qbovlt-eZ4C&pg=PA17">Archived</a> 6 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5550-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5550-4">978-0-8047-5550-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopedia of the Developing World, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3mE04D9PMpAC&pg=PA806">p. 806</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=3mE04D9PMpAC&pg=PA806">Archived</a> 6 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2014" class="citation news cs1">North, Andrew (12 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-26967340">"Siachen dispute: India and Pakistan's glacial fight"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Siachen+dispute%3A+India+and+Pakistan%27s+glacial+fight&rft.date=2014-04-12&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-26967340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward W. Desmond. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,958254-2,00.html">"The Himalayas War at the Top Of the World"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114104526/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C958254-2%2C00.html">Archived</a> 14 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> (31 July 1989).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vivek Chadha. <i>Low Intensity Conflicts in India: An Analysis</i>. SAGE (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ApzUuLiO0jYC&pg=PA105">p. 105</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=ApzUuLiO0jYC&pg=PA105">Archived</a> 6 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-3325-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-3325-0">978-0-7619-3325-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pradeep Barua. <i>The State at War in South Asia</i>. University of Nebraska Press (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&pg=PA256">p. 256</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&pg=PA256">Archived</a> 6 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1344-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1344-9">978-0-8032-1344-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim McGirk with Aravind Adiga. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050707031356/http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501050711/story.html">"War at the Top of the World"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> (4 May 2005).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamal_Thakur-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kamal_Thakur_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamal_Thakur2014" class="citation news cs1">Kamal Thakur (1 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031102028/http://topyaps.com/know-about-indian-soldiers-in-siachen">"16 Things You Should Know About India's Soldiers Defending Siachen"</a>. <i>Topyaps</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topyaps.com/know-about-indian-soldiers-in-siachen">the original</a> on 31 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Topyaps&rft.atitle=16+Things+You+Should+Know+About+India%27s+Soldiers+Defending+Siachen&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft.au=Kamal+Thakur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftopyaps.com%2Fknow-about-indian-soldiers-in-siachen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanjay Dutt. <i>War and Peace in Kargil Sector</i>. APH Publishing (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XlHplc3pr1IC&pg=PA389">p. 389-90</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160521053715/https://books.google.com/books?id=XlHplc3pr1IC&pg=PA389">Archived</a> 21 May 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7648-151-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7648-151-9">978-81-7648-151-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nick Easen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/south/05/20/siachen.kashmir/">Siachen: The world's highest cold war</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160823055149/http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/south/05/20/siachen.kashmir/">Archived</a> 23 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> (17 September 2003).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arun Bhattacharjee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/FI23Df04.html">"On Kashmir, hot air and trial balloons"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160228201511/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/assault-rifle-excalibur-drdo-dalbir-singh-indian-army-arde/1/449238.html">Archived</a> 28 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asia_Times" title="Asia Times">Asia Times</a></i> (23 September 2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoopnews.in/det.aspx?q=40585">"Indian Army organizes a Symposium titled "North Technical-2014" – Scoop News Jammu Kashmir"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/http://www.scoopnews.in/det.aspx?q=40585">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Army+organizes+a+Symposium+titled+%22North+Technical-2014%22+%E2%80%93+Scoop+News+Jammu+Kashmir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoopnews.in%2Fdet.aspx%3Fq%3D40585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=qa5JhBUEvMjl6sBZTu6ALg==&ParentID=djRlGJCPlMimzWFr2XjtFQ==&flag=XJhhZ3ZNb4jdIfd36rqrwA==">"e-Symposium – Northern Command"</a>. <i>Official Website of Indian Army</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161224154906/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=qa5JhBUEvMjl6sBZTu6ALg%3D%3D&ParentID=djRlGJCPlMimzWFr2XjtFQ%3D%3D&flag=XJhhZ3ZNb4jdIfd36rqrwA%3D%3D">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Website+of+Indian+Army&rft.atitle=e-Symposium+%E2%80%93+Northern+Command&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianarmy.nic.in%2FSite%2FFormTemplete%2FfrmTempSimple.aspx%3FMnId%3Dqa5JhBUEvMjl6sBZTu6ALg%3D%3D%26ParentID%3DdjRlGJCPlMimzWFr2XjtFQ%3D%3D%26flag%3DXJhhZ3ZNb4jdIfd36rqrwA%3D%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=3F60ea7D/0+avn5qmbETJA==&ParentID=L6g1oacs6fCSYTJA2U+VpQ==">"e-Symposium – Northern Command: North Tech Symposium 2016"</a>. <i>Official Website of Indian Army</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161224181634/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=3F60ea7D%2F0%2Bavn5qmbETJA%3D%3D&ParentID=L6g1oacs6fCSYTJA2U%2BVpQ%3D%3D">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Website+of+Indian+Army&rft.atitle=e-Symposium+%E2%80%93+Northern+Command%3A+North+Tech+Symposium+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianarmy.nic.in%2FSite%2FFormTemplete%2FfrmTempSimple.aspx%3FMnId%3D3F60ea7D%2F0%2Bavn5qmbETJA%3D%3D%26ParentID%3DL6g1oacs6fCSYTJA2U%2BVpQ%3D%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhaumik2009" class="citation book cs1">Bhaumik, Subir (10 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h9KGAwAAQBAJ&q=Wyakaung+beach&pg=PA185"><i>Troubled Periphery: The Crisis of India's North East By Subir Bhaumik</i></a>. SAGE Publications India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788132104797" title="Special:BookSources/9788132104797"><bdi>9788132104797</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170106123006/https://books.google.com/books?id=h9KGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA185&lpg=PA185#v=onepage&q=Wyakaung%20beach">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Troubled+Periphery%3A+The+Crisis+of+India%27s+North+East+By+Subir+Bhaumik&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications+India&rft.date=2009-12-10&rft.isbn=9788132104797&rft.aulast=Bhaumik&rft.aufirst=Subir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh9KGAwAAQBAJ%26q%3DWyakaung%2Bbeach%26pg%3DPA185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NLI-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NLI_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_5-5-2003_pg7_14">Indian general praises Pakistani valour at Kargil</a> 5 May 2003 Daily Times, Pakistan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090116123416/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_5-5-2003_pg7_14">Archived</a> 16 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kashmir in the Shadow of War By Robert Wirsing Published by M.E. Sharpe, 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7656-1090-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7656-1090-6">0-7656-1090-6</a> pp36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Managing Armed Conflicts in the 21st Century By Adekeye Adebajo, Chandra Lekha Sriram Published by Routledge pp192,193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The State at War in South Asia By Pradeep Barua Published by U of Nebraska Press Page 261</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v23/n08/ali_01_.html">"Tariq Ali · Bitter Chill of Winter: Kashmir · LRB 19 April 2001"</a>. <i>London Review of Books</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091001175541/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v23/n08/ali_01_.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Tariq+Ali+%C2%B7+Bitter+Chill+of+Winter%3A+Kashmir+%C2%B7+LRB+19+April+2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fv23%2Fn08%2Fali_01_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColonel_Ravi_Nanda1999" class="citation book cs1">Colonel Ravi Nanda (1999). <i>Kargil : A Wake Up Call</i>. Vedams Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7095-074-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7095-074-5"><bdi>978-81-7095-074-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kargil+%3A+A+Wake+Up+Call&rft.pub=Vedams+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-7095-074-5&rft.au=Colonel+Ravi+Nanda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no14953.htm">Online summary of the Book</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928055430/https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no14953.htm">Archived</a> 28 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alastair Lawson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/386537.stm">"Pakistan and the Kashmir militants"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030228190044/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/386537.stm">Archived</a> 28 February 2003 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (5 July 1999).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A.K. Chakraborty. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2000/fjul2000/f210720001.html">"Kargil War brings into sharp focus India's commitment to peace"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140818095434/http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2000/fjul2000/f210720001.html">Archived</a> 18 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Government of India Press Information Bureau (July 2000).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Edward Brown. <i>Offense, defence, and war</i>. MIT Press (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e7bx2eNsc7wC&pg=PA393">p. 393</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003728/https://books.google.com/books?id=e7bx2eNsc7wC&pg=PA393">Archived</a> 6 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSameer_Yasir2016" class="citation cs2">Sameer Yasir (21 September 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/india/uri-attack-carried-out-by-jaish-e-mohammad-militants-confirms-indian-army-3013332.html">"Uri attack carried out by Jaish-e-Mohammad militants, confirms Indian Army"</a>, <i>Firstpost</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Firstpost&rft.atitle=Uri+attack+carried+out+by+Jaish-e-Mohammad+militants%2C+confirms+Indian+Army&rft.date=2016-09-21&rft.au=Sameer+Yasir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Findia%2Furi-attack-carried-out-by-jaish-e-mohammad-militants-confirms-indian-army-3013332.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DGMO-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DGMO_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-surgical-strikes-across-loc-full-statement-by-dgmo-lt-gen-ranbir-singh/story-Q5yrp0gjvxKPGazDzAnVsM.html">"India's surgical strikes across LoC: Full statement by DGMO Lt Gen Ranbir Singh"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 29 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161002024056/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-surgical-strikes-across-loc-full-statement-by-dgmo-lt-gen-ranbir-singh/story-Q5yrp0gjvxKPGazDzAnVsM.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=India%27s+surgical+strikes+across+LoC%3A+Full+statement+by+DGMO+Lt+Gen+Ranbir+Singh&rft.date=2016-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Findia-s-surgical-strikes-across-loc-full-statement-by-dgmo-lt-gen-ranbir-singh%2Fstory-Q5yrp0gjvxKPGazDzAnVsM.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FE-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FE_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/uri-avenged-35-40-terrorists-9-pakistani-soldiers-killed-in-indian-surgical-strikes-say-tv-reports/397625/">"Uri avenged: 35–40 terrorists, 9 Pakistani soldiers killed in Indian surgical strikes"</a>. 29 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161002035024/http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/uri-avenged-35-40-terrorists-9-pakistani-soldiers-killed-in-indian-surgical-strikes-say-tv-reports/397625/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uri+avenged%3A+35%E2%80%9340+terrorists%2C+9+Pakistani+soldiers+killed+in+Indian+surgical+strikes&rft.date=2016-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2Findia-news%2Furi-avenged-35-40-terrorists-9-pakistani-soldiers-killed-in-indian-surgical-strikes-say-tv-reports%2F397625%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-para_commandos-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-para_commandos_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/uri-avenged-inside-story-indian-army-surgical-strikes-pok/1/776433.html">"Surgical strikes in PoK: How Indian para commandos killed 50 terrorists, hit 7 camps"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. 29 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161001032146/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/uri-avenged-inside-story-indian-army-surgical-strikes-pok/1/776433.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Surgical+strikes+in+PoK%3A+How+Indian+para+commandos+killed+50+terrorists%2C+hit+7+camps&rft.date=2016-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Furi-avenged-inside-story-indian-army-surgical-strikes-pok%2F1%2F776433.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/video-footage-provides-proof-of-surgical-strikes-across-loc/videoshow/64768915.cms">"Video footage provides proof of surgical strikes across LoC | News- Times of India Videos ►"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Video+footage+provides+proof+of+surgical+strikes+across+LoC+%7C+News-+Times+of+India+Videos+%E2%96%BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fvideos%2Fnews%2Fvideo-footage-provides-proof-of-surgical-strikes-across-loc%2Fvideoshow%2F64768915.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/surgical-strikes-video-out-shows-terror-casualties-damage-to-bunkers-pakistan-border-indian-army-5236452/">"Surgical strikes video out, shows terror casualties, damage to bunkers"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 28 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Surgical+strikes+video+out%2C+shows+terror+casualties%2C+damage+to+bunkers&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fsurgical-strikes-video-out-shows-terror-casualties-damage-to-bunkers-pakistan-border-indian-army-5236452%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExcelsior2018" class="citation web cs1">Excelsior, Daily (4 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/bsf-carries-out-9-major-strikes-on-pak-10-posts-bunkers-decimated/">"BSF carries out 9 major strikes on Pak; 10 posts, bunkers decimated"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BSF+carries+out+9+major+strikes+on+Pak%3B+10+posts%2C+bunkers+decimated&rft.date=2018-06-04&rft.aulast=Excelsior&rft.aufirst=Daily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyexcelsior.com%2Fbsf-carries-out-9-major-strikes-on-pak-10-posts-bunkers-decimated%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-armys-21-year-old-rifleman-killed-in-ceasefire-violation/articleshow/64613172.cms">"Indian Army's 21-year-old Rifleman killed in ceasefire violation"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i>. 16 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Indian+Army%27s+21-year-old+Rifleman+killed+in+ceasefire+violation&rft.date=2018-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fdefence%2Findian-armys-21-year-old-rifleman-killed-in-ceasefire-violation%2Farticleshow%2F64613172.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafiFarooq2019" class="citation news cs1">Safi, Michael; Farooq, Azhar (15 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/14/indian-paramilitaries-killed-in-suicide-car-bombing-in-kashmir">"Dozens of Indian paramilitaries killed in Kashmir car bombing"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404033022/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/14/indian-paramilitaries-killed-in-suicide-car-bombing-in-kashmir">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>. <q>The Pakistan-based militant group Jaish-e-Mohammed claimed responsibility for the bombing. It said it was carried out by Adil Ahmad Dar, a locally recruited fighter from south Kashmir's Pulwama district. The group released a video showing Dar delivering his will and a photograph of him surrounded by guns and grenades</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Dozens+of+Indian+paramilitaries+killed+in+Kashmir+car+bombing&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Safi&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Farooq%2C+Azhar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F14%2Findian-paramilitaries-killed-in-suicide-car-bombing-in-kashmir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafiFarooq2019" class="citation news cs1">Safi, Michael; Farooq, Azhar (15 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/14/indian-paramilitaries-killed-in-suicide-car-bombing-in-kashmir">"Dozens of Indian paramilitaries killed in Kashmir car bombing"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404033022/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/14/indian-paramilitaries-killed-in-suicide-car-bombing-in-kashmir">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>. <q>We will give a befitting reply, our neighbour will not be allowed to de-stabilise us", Modi said</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Dozens+of+Indian+paramilitaries+killed+in+Kashmir+car+bombing&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Safi&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Farooq%2C+Azhar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F14%2Findian-paramilitaries-killed-in-suicide-car-bombing-in-kashmir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbi-HabibYasirKumar2019" class="citation news cs1">Abi-Habib, Maria; Yasir, Sameer; Kumar, Hari (15 February 2019). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/15/world/asia/kashmir-attack-pulwama.html">"India Blames Pakistan for Attack in Kashmir, Promising a Response"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223135448/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/15/world/asia/kashmir-attack-pulwama.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>. <q>Pakistan has denied involvement in the attack, in which at least 40 Indian soldiers were killed Thursday when a driver slammed an explosives-packed vehicle into a paramilitary convoy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=India+Blames+Pakistan+for+Attack+in+Kashmir%2C+Promising+a+Response&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Abi-Habib&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Yasir%2C+Sameer&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Hari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F15%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fkashmir-attack-pulwama.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slater1-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-slater1_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoanna_Slater2019" class="citation cs2">Joanna Slater (26 February 2019), "India strikes Pakistan in severe escalation of tensions between nuclear rivals", <i>The Washington Post</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=India+strikes+Pakistan+in+severe+escalation+of+tensions+between+nuclear+rivals&rft.date=2019-02-26&rft.au=Joanna+Slater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafiZahra-Malik2019" class="citation news cs1">Safi, Michael; Zahra-Malik, Mehreen (27 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/26/pakistan-india-jets-breached-ceasefire-line-kashmir-bomb">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Get ready for our surprise': Pakistan warns India it will respond to airstrikes"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331102419/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/26/pakistan-india-jets-breached-ceasefire-line-kashmir-bomb">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>. <q>Pakistan, said the war planes made it up to five miles [eight kilometres] inside its territory</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Get+ready+for+our+surprise%27%3A+Pakistan+warns+India+it+will+respond+to+airstrikes&rft.date=2019-02-27&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Safi&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Zahra-Malik%2C+Mehreen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F26%2Fpakistan-india-jets-breached-ceasefire-line-kashmir-bomb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Army" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGul2019" class="citation web cs1">Gul, Ayaz (22 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/pakistani-pm-receives-national-day-greetings-from-indian-counterpart/4843592.html">"Pakistani PM Receives National Day Greetings from Indian Counterpart"</a>. <i>VOA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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General Upendra Dwivedi appointed new Army Chief"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 11 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(Harvard University Press, 2015).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18px_Indian_Armed_Forces12148" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_India" title="Template:Military of India"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_India" title="Template talk:Military of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of India"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="18px_Indian_Armed_Forces12148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indian_Armed_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/18px-Flag_of_Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/27px-Flag_of_Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Indian_Armed_Forces.svg/36px-Flag_of_Indian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Army</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_(India)" title="Defence Secretary (India)">Defence Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(India)" title="National Security Advisor (India)">National Security Advisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of Defence Staff (India)">Chief of Defence Staff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chairman Chiefs of Staff Committee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Chief of the Army Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Naval Staff (India)">Chief of the Naval Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (India)">Chief of the Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Chief of Integrated Defence Staff">Vice Chief of Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_General_Armed_Forces_Medical_Services_(India)" title="Director General Armed Forces Medical Services (India)">Director General Armed Forces Medical Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_generals_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of serving generals of the Indian Army">Serving generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_admirals_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of serving admirals of the Indian Navy">Serving admirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_marshals_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of serving marshals of the Indian Air Force">Serving marshals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ministry and<br />committees/councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Military_Affairs" title="Department of Military Affairs">Department of Military Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Department of Defence Research and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Ex-servicemen_Welfare" title="Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare">Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(India)" title="National Security Council (India)">National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_Security" title="Cabinet Committee on Security">Cabinet Committee on Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_on_Defence_(India)" title="Standing Committee on Defence (India)">Standing Committee on Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Planning_Committee" title="Defence Planning Committee">Defence Planning Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Command_Authority_(India)" title="Nuclear Command Authority (India)">Nuclear Command Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Defence_Staff" title="Integrated Defence Staff">Integrated Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Intelligence_Agency_(India)" title="Defence Intelligence Agency (India)">Defence Intelligence Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Joint_warfare" title="Joint warfare">Joint</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_Tri-Service_Commands" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Armed Forces Tri-Service Commands">Integrated Theatre Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Commander-in-Chief, Andaman and Nicobar Command">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Commander-in-Chief, Strategic Forces Command">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Theatre_Command_(India)" title="Northern Theatre Command (India)">Northern Theatre Command (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Theatre_Command_(India)" title="Western Theatre Command (India)">Western Theatre Command (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Theatre_Command" title="Maritime Theatre Command">Maritime Theatre Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Cyber_Agency" title="Defence Cyber Agency">Defence Cyber Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">Defence Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Special_Operations_Division" title="Armed Forces Special Operations Division">Armed Forces Special Operations Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_(India)" title="Central Command (India)">Central Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Command (India)">Eastern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(India)" title="Northern Command (India)">Northern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Command_(India)" title="Southern Command (India)">Southern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Command_(India)" title="South Western Command (India)">South Western Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Command_(India)" title="Western Command (India)">Western Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Training_Command" title="Army Training Command">Army Training Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Naval_Command" title="Western Naval Command">Western Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Naval_Command" title="Eastern Naval Command">Eastern Naval Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Naval_Command" title="Southern Naval Command">Southern Naval Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Command_(India)" title="Central Air Command (India)">Central Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Air Command (India)">Eastern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Air_Command_(India)" title="Southern Air Command (India)">Southern Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Air_Command" title="South Western Air Command">South Western Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Air_Command_(India)" title="Western Air Command (India)">Western Air Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_Command_(India)" title="Training Command (India)">Training Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_Command" title="Maintenance Command">Maintenance Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard">Indian Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cadet_Corps_(India)" title="National Cadet Corps (India)">National Cadet Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_forces_of_India" title="Special forces of India">Special forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(India)" title="Territorial Army (India)">Territorial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Military Academies</a></li> <li>Ranks and insignia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_ranks_and_insignia" title="Indian Army ranks and insignia">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy_ranks_and_insignia" title="Indian Navy ranks and insignia">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia" title="Indian Air Force ranks and insignia">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard#Rank_insignia" title="Indian Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation#Ranks" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India#Ranks_and_insignia" title="Paramilitary forces of India">Paramilitary forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">Awards and Decorations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_of_India" title="List of military operations of India">Operations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asal_Uttar" title="Battle of Asal Uttar">Battle of Asal Uttar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chawinda" title="Battle of Chawinda">Battle of Chawinda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">1971</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Naval_War_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971">Naval War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan_Air_Operations_(1971)" title="East Pakistan Air Operations (1971)">Air War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamb">Battle of Chamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Trident_(1971)" title="Operation Trident (1971)">Operation <i>Trident</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cactus-Lilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cactus-Lilly">Operation <i>Cactus-Lilly</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Longewala" title="Battle of Longewala">Battle of Longewala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">External <br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_conflict" title="Siachen conflict">Siachen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Indo-Pakistani border skirmishes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%932002_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_standoff" title="2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff">Operation <i>Parakram</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmish" title="2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2014–2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2016–2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Balakot_airstrike" title="2019 Balakot airstrike">Balakot airstrike</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control" title="Line of Actual Control">Sino-Indian border skirmish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumdorong_Chu_standoff" title="Sumdorong Chu standoff">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathu_La_and_Cho_La_clashes" title="Nathu La and Cho La clashes">Nathu La and Cho La clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_China%E2%80%93India_border_standoff" title="2017 China–India border standoff">Doklam standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_China%E2%80%93India_skirmishes" title="2020–2021 China–India skirmishes">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_intervention_in_the_Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War">Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Maldives_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Maldives coup d'état attempt">Operation <i>Cactus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_airlift_of_Indians_from_Kuwait" title="1990 airlift of Indians from Kuwait">Evacuation of Indian civilians from Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_off_the_coast_of_Somalia" title="Piracy off the coast of Somalia">Piracy off the coast of Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Raahat" title="Operation Raahat">Operation <i>Raahat</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Devi_Shakti" title="Operation Devi Shakti">Operation <i>Devi Shakti</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Indian_counter-insurgency_operation_in_Myanmar" title="2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar">Indo-Myanmar border strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Annexations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Operation <i>Polo</i> (Hyderabad)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Operation <i>Vijay</i> (Portuguese India - Goa, Damaon, Silvassa & Diu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Junagadh" title="Annexation of Junagadh">Junagadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" title="Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Insurgencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Punjab">Punjab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blue_Star" title="Operation Blue Star">Operation <i>Blue Star</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Woodrose" title="Operation Woodrose">Operation <i>Woodrose</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_operations_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir">Counter-insurgency operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Line_of_Control_strike" title="2016 Indian Line of Control strike">LOC surgical strike</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Factory_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance Factory Board">Ordnance Factory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_military_missiles" title="List of Indian military missiles">Ballistic missiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="India and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of equipment of the Indian Army">List of equipment of the Indian Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Navy_ships" title="List of active Indian Navy ships">Active Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="List of ships of the Indian Navy">Historical Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_systems_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Weapon systems of the Indian Navy">Weapon Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Navy" title="Future of the Indian Navy">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_military_aircraft" title="List of active Indian military aircraft">Active Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_aircraft_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="List of historical aircraft of the Indian Air Force">Historical Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Air_Force_aircraft_squadrons" title="List of active Indian Air Force aircraft squadrons">Aircraft Squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Indian_Air_Force" title="Future of the Indian Air Force">Future</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensuring_Secure_Seas:_Indian_Maritime_Security_Strategy" title="Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy">Indian Maritime Security Strategy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_fleet_review" title="President's fleet review">President's fleet review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Colour_Award" title="President's Colour Award">President's Colour Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Women in the Indian Armed Forces">Women in the Indian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Flag_Day" title="Armed Forces Flag Day">Armed Forces Flag Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Tribunal" title="Armed Forces Tribunal">Armed Forces Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces_rank_flags" title="Indian Armed Forces rank flags">Indian Armed Forces rank flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_military_bands" title="Indian military bands">Indian military bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Memorial_(India)" title="National War Memorial (India)">National War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Jawan_Jyoti" title="Amar Jawan Jyoti">Amar Jawan Jyoti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_India" title="Category:Military of India">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Army" title="Category:Indian Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Navy" title="Category:Indian Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Air_Force" title="Category:Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x17px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Indian_Army9476" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Army" title="Template:Indian Army"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Army" title="Template talk:Indian Army"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Army" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Army"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x17px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Indian_Army9476" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Chief of Army Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_the_Army_Staff_(India)" title="Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)">Vice Chief of Army Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_generals_of_the_Indian_Army#General_Officers_Commanding-in-Chief_(Army_Commanders)" title="List of serving generals of the Indian Army">GOCs-in-C (Army Commanders)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjutant-General_(India)" title="Adjutant-General (India)">Adjutant General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Secretary_(India)" title="Military Secretary (India)">Military Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master-General_of_the_Ordnance_(India)" title="Master-General of the Ordnance (India)">Master General of the Ordnance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_generals_of_the_Indian_Army" title="List of serving generals of the Indian Army">Serving Generals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Components<br />and<br />Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(India)" title="Territorial Army (India)">Territorial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cadet_Corps_(India)" title="National Cadet Corps (India)">National Cadet Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Military_Training_Team" title="Indian Military Training Team">Indian Military Training Team</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Army Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Operational Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_(India)" title="Central Command (India)">Central Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Command (India)">Eastern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(India)" title="Northern Command (India)">Northern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Command_(India)" title="Southern Command (India)">Southern Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Command_(India)" title="South Western Command (India)">South Western Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Command_(India)" title="Western Command (India)">Western Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Functional Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Training_Command" title="Army Training Command">Army Training Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Joint Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Command" title="Andaman and Nicobar Command">Andaman and Nicobar Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Command" title="Strategic Forces Command">Strategic Forces Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Cyber_Agency" title="Defence Cyber Agency">Defence Cyber Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">Defence Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Special_Operations_Division" title="Armed Forces Special Operations Division">Armed Forces Special Operations Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Command_structure">Active Corps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(India)" title="I Corps (India)">I Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(India)" title="II Corps (India)">II Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Corps_(India)" title="III Corps (India)">III Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IV_Corps_(India)" title="IV Corps (India)">IV Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Corps_(India)" title="IX Corps (India)">IX Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Corps_(India)" title="X Corps (India)">X Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XI_Corps_(India)" title="XI Corps (India)">XI Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XII_Corps_(India)" title="XII Corps (India)">XII Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XIV_Corps_(India)" title="XIV Corps (India)">XIV Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_Corps_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="15 Corps (India)">XV Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XVI_Corps_(India)" title="XVI Corps (India)">XVI Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XVII_Corps_(India)" title="XVII Corps (India)">XVII Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XXI_Corps_(India)" title="XXI Corps (India)">XXI Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XXXIII_Corps_(India)" title="XXXIII Corps (India)">XXXIII Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Arms & Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Combat_Arms3182" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combat Arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regiments_of_the_Indian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regiments of the Indian Army">Regiments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mechanised_Infantry_Regiment" title="Mechanised Infantry Regiment">Mechanised Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigade_of_The_Guards" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigade of The Guards">Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(India)" title="Parachute Regiment (India)">Parachute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Regiment_(India)" title="Punjab Regiment (India)">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madras_Regiment" title="Madras Regiment">Madras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grenadiers" title="The Grenadiers">Grenadiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Light_Infantry" title="Maratha Light Infantry">Maratha LI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Regiment" title="Naga Regiment">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajputana_Rifles" title="Rajputana Rifles">Rajputana Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajput_Regiment" title="Rajput Regiment">Rajput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jat_Regiment" title="Jat Regiment">Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Regiment" title="Sikh Regiment">Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Light_Infantry" title="Sikh Light Infantry">Sikh LI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogra_Regiment" title="Dogra Regiment">Dogra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Garhwal_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Garhwal Rifles">Garhwal Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaon_Regiment" title="Kumaon Regiment">Kumaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Regiment" title="Assam Regiment">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Regiment" title="Bihar Regiment">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahar_Regiment" title="Mahar Regiment">Mahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Rifles" title="Jammu and Kashmir Rifles">JAK Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Light_Infantry" title="Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry">JAK LI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Gorkha_Rifles_(The_Malaun_Regiment)" title="1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)">1 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Gorkha_Rifles" title="3rd Gorkha Rifles">3 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Gorkha_Rifles" title="4th Gorkha Rifles">4 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Gorkha_Rifles_(Frontier_Force)" title="5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)">5 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Gorkha_Rifles" title="8th Gorkha Rifles">8 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Gorkha_Rifles" title="9th Gorkha Rifles">9 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Gorkha_Rifles" title="11th Gorkha Rifles">11 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Scouts" title="Ladakh Scouts">Ladakh Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Scouts" title="Arunachal Scouts">Arunachal Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Scouts" title="Sikkim Scouts">Sikkim Scouts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regiment_of_Artillery" title="Regiment of Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Armoured_Corps" title="Indian Army Armoured Corps">Armoured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Aviation_Corps_(India)" title="Army Aviation Corps (India)">Army Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Army_Air_Defence" title="Corps of Army Air Defence">Army Air Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="Indian Army Corps of Engineers">Engineers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Madras_Engineer_Group" title="Madras Engineer Group">Madras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Engineer_Group" title="Bengal Engineer Group">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Engineer_Group" title="Bombay Engineer Group">Bombay</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Corps_of_Signals" title="Indian Army Corps of Signals">Signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(India)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (India)">Intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Education_Corps_(India)" title="Army Education Corps (India)">Education</a> (<a href="/wiki/Military_Music_Wing" title="Military Music Wing">Military Music Wing</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Corps_(India)" title="Army Medical Corps (India)">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Ordnance_Corps_(India)" title="Army Ordnance Corps (India)">Ordnance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Postal_Service_(India)" title="Army Postal Service (India)">Postal Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Service_Corps" title="Indian Army Service Corps">Army Service Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Corps_of_EME" title="Indian Army Corps of EME">Electronics and Mechanical Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Military_Police_(India)" title="Corps of Military Police (India)">Military Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Remount_and_Veterinary_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Army Remount and Veterinary Corps">Remount and Veterinary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Pioneer_Corps" title="Indian Army Pioneer Corps">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Security_Corps" title="Defence Security Corps">Defence Security Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Engineer_Services_(India)" title="Military Engineer Services (India)">Military Engineer Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Farms_Service" title="Military Farms Service">Military Farms Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Nursing_Service" title="Military Nursing Service">Military Nursing Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Military Academies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Education & Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School">Sainik School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Medical_College_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces Medical College (India)">Armed Forces Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Military_School" title="Ajmer Military School">Ajmer Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Military_School" title="Bangalore Military School">Bangalore Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgaum_Military_School" title="Belgaum Military School">Belgaum Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chail_Military_School" title="Chail Military School">Chail Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholpur_Military_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Dholpur Military School">Dholpur Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Indian_Military_College" title="Rashtriya Indian Military College">Rashtriya Indian Military College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Cadet_College" title="Army Cadet College">Army Cadet College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Public_Schools" title="Indian Army Public Schools">Army Public School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_War_College,_Mhow" title="Army War College, Mhow">Army War College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Military_Engineering,_Pune" title="College of Military Engineering, Pune">College of Military Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Insurgency_and_Jungle_Warfare_School_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (India)">Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Altitude_Warfare_School" title="High Altitude Warfare School">High Altitude Warfare School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Military_Academy" title="Indian Military Academy">Indian Military Academy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Indian_Military_Academy" title="Commandant of the Indian Military Academy">Commandant of the Indian Military Academy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_College_of_Telecommunication_Engineering" title="Military College of Telecommunication Engineering">Military College of Telecommunication Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officers_Training_Academy" title="Officers Training Academy">Officers Training Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Tri-Service Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Services_Staff_College" title="Defence Services Staff College">Defence Services Staff College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_College_(India)" title="National Defence College (India)">National Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Defence_Management" title="College of Defence Management">College of Defence Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Institute_of_Technology" title="Military Institute of Technology">Military Institute of Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_of_India" title="List of military operations of India">Military operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_ranks_and_insignia_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Army ranks and insignia of India">Ranks and insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Day_(India)" title="Army Day (India)">Army Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Department_(India)" title="Judge Advocate General's Department (India)">Judge Advocate General's Department</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General_(India)" title="Judge Advocate General (India)">Judge Advocate General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Army" title="Category:Indian Army">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arms_and_services_of_Indian_Army73" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Army_arms_and_services" title="Template:Indian Army arms and services"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Army_arms_and_services" title="Template talk:Indian Army arms and services"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Army_arms_and_services" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Army arms and services"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arms_and_services_of_Indian_Army73" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Arms and services of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;">Combat <br /> arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Infantry_of_the_Indian_Army" title="Infantry of the Indian Army">Infantry regiments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mechanised_Infantry_Regiment" title="Mechanised Infantry Regiment">Mechanised Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigade_of_the_Guards" title="Brigade of the Guards">Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(India)" title="Parachute Regiment (India)">Parachute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Regiment_(India)" title="Punjab Regiment (India)">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Madras_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="The Madras Regiment">Madras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grenadiers" title="The Grenadiers">Grenadiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Light_Infantry" title="Maratha Light Infantry">Maratha LI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Regiment" title="Naga Regiment">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajputana_Rifles" title="Rajputana Rifles">Rajputana Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajput_Regiment" title="Rajput Regiment">Rajput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jat_Regiment" title="Jat Regiment">Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Regiment" title="Sikh Regiment">Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Light_Infantry" title="Sikh Light Infantry">Sikh LI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogra_Regiment" title="Dogra Regiment">Dogra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Garhwal_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Garhwal Rifles">Garhwal Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaon_Regiment" title="Kumaon Regiment">Kumaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Regiment" title="Assam Regiment">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Regiment" title="Bihar Regiment">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahar_Regiment" title="Mahar Regiment">Mahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu & Kashmir Rifles">J&K Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Light_Infantry" title="Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry">J&K LI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Gorkha Rifles">1 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Gorkha Rifles">3 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="4 Gorkha Rifles">4 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Gorkha Rifles">5 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="8 Gorkha Rifles">8 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="9 Gorkha Rifles">9 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_Gorkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="11 Gorkha Rifles">11 GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Scouts" title="Ladakh Scouts">Ladakh Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Scouts" title="Arunachal Scouts">Arunachal Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Scouts" title="Sikkim Scouts">Sikkim Scouts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Other combat arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regiment_of_Artillery_(India)" title="Regiment of Artillery (India)">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Armoured_Corps" title="Indian Army Armoured Corps">Armoured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Aviation_Corps_(India)" title="Army Aviation Corps (India)">Army Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Army_Air_Defence" title="Corps of Army Air Defence">Army Air Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="Indian Army Corps of Engineers">Engineers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madras_Engineer_Group" title="Madras Engineer Group">Madras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Engineer_Group" title="Bengal Engineer Group">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Engineer_Group" title="Bombay Engineer Group">Bombay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Corps_of_Signals" title="Indian Army Corps of Signals">Signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Military_Intelligence_(India)" title="Directorate of Military Intelligence (India)">Intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Indian Army"><img alt="Flag of the Indian Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/90px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/135px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/180px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;">Support<br />services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Education_Corps_(India)" title="Army Education Corps (India)">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Music_Wing" title="Military Music Wing">Military Music Wing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Corps_(India)" title="Army Medical Corps (India)">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Ordnance_Corps_(India)" title="Army Ordnance Corps (India)">Ordnance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Postal_Service_(India)" title="Army Postal Service (India)">Postal Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Service_Corps" title="Indian Army Service Corps">Army Service Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Corps_of_EME" title="Indian Army Corps of EME">Electronics and Mechanical Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Military_Police_(India)" title="Corps of Military Police (India)">Military Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Remount_and_Veterinary_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Army Remount and Veterinary Corps">Remount and Veterinary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army_Pioneer_Corps" title="Indian Army Pioneer Corps">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Security_Corps" title="Defence Security Corps">Defence Security Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Administrative corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Department_(India)" title="Judge Advocate General's Department (India)">Judge Advocate General's Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Engineer_Services_(India)" title="Military Engineer Services (India)">Military Engineer Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Farms_Service" title="Military Farms Service">Military Farms Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Nursing_Service" title="Military Nursing Service">Military Nursing Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Army_(India)" title="Territorial Army (India)">Territorial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cadet_Corps_(India)" title="National Cadet Corps (India)">National Cadet Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_Army_Infantry_Regiments62" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Army_Infantry_Regiments" title="Template:Indian Army Infantry Regiments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Army_Infantry_Regiments" title="Template talk:Indian Army Infantry Regiments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Army_Infantry_Regiments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Army Infantry Regiments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_Army_Infantry_Regiments62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Infantry_of_the_Indian_Army" title="Infantry of the Indian Army">Indian Army Infantry Regiments</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigade_of_the_Guards" title="Brigade of the Guards">Brigade of the Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(India)" title="Parachute Regiment (India)">Parachute Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanised_Infantry_Regiment" title="Mechanised Infantry Regiment">Mechanised Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Regiment_(India)" title="Punjab Regiment (India)">Punjab Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madras_Regiment" title="Madras Regiment">Madras Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grenadiers" title="The Grenadiers">The Grenadiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Light_Infantry" title="Maratha Light Infantry">Maratha Light Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajputana_Rifles" title="Rajputana Rifles">Rajputana Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajput_Regiment" title="Rajput Regiment">Rajput Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jat_Regiment" title="Jat Regiment">Jat Regiment </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Regiment" title="Sikh Regiment">Sikh Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Light_Infantry" title="Sikh Light Infantry">Sikh Light Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogra_Regiment" title="Dogra Regiment">Dogra Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhwal_Rifles" title="Garhwal Rifles">Garhwal Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaon_Regiment" title="Kumaon Regiment">Kumaon Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Regiment" title="Assam Regiment">Assam Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Regiment" title="Bihar Regiment">Bihar Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahar_Regiment" title="Mahar Regiment">Mahar Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Rifles" title="Jammu and Kashmir Rifles">Jammu and Kashmir Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Light_Infantry" title="Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry">Jammu & Kashmir Light Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Regiment" title="Naga Regiment">Naga Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Gorkha_Rifles_(The_Malaun_Regiment)" title="1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)">1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Gorkha_Rifles" title="3rd Gorkha Rifles">3rd Gorkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Gorkha_Rifles" title="4th Gorkha Rifles">4th Gorkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Gorkha_Rifles_(Frontier_Force)" title="5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)">5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Gorkha_Rifles" title="8th Gorkha Rifles">8th Gorkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Gorkha_Rifles" title="9th Gorkha Rifles">9th Gorkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Gorkha_Rifles" title="11th Gorkha Rifles">11th Gorkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Scouts" title="Ladakh Scouts">Ladakh Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Scouts" title="Arunachal Scouts">Arunachal Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Scouts" title="Sikkim Scouts">Sikkim Scouts</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian Army seal"><img alt="Indian Army seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/125px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/188px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/250px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Active_corps_of_the_Indian_Army3220" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Active_corps_of_the_Indian_Army" title="Template:Active corps of the Indian Army"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Active_corps_of_the_Indian_Army" title="Template talk:Active corps of the Indian Army"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Active_corps_of_the_Indian_Army" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Active corps of the Indian Army"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Active_corps_of_the_Indian_Army3220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Command_structure">Active corps of the Indian Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">By commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_(India)" title="Central Command (India)">Central Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(India)" title="I Corps (India)">I Corps</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Command_(India)" title="Eastern Command (India)">Eastern Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/III_Corps_(India)" title="III Corps (India)">III Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IV_Corps_(India)" title="IV Corps (India)">IV Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XVII_Corps_(India)" title="XVII Corps (India)">XVII Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XXXIII_Corps_(India)" title="XXXIII Corps (India)">XXXIII Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Command_(India)" title="Northern Command (India)">Northern Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(India)" title="I Corps (India)">I Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XIV_Corps_(India)" title="XIV Corps (India)">XIV Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XV_Corps_(India)" title="XV Corps (India)">XV Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XVI_Corps_(India)" title="XVI Corps (India)">XVI Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Command_(India)" title="Southern Command (India)">Southern Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XII_Corps_(India)" title="XII Corps (India)">XII Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XXI_Corps_(India)" title="XXI Corps (India)">XXI Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/South_Western_Command_(India)" title="South Western Command (India)">South Western Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X_Corps_(India)" title="X Corps (India)">X Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Command_(India)" title="Western Command (India)">Western Command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(India)" title="II Corps (India)">II Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Corps_(India)" title="IX Corps (India)">IX Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XI_Corps_(India)" title="XI Corps (India)">XI Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ADGPI_Indian_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/ADGPI_Indian_Army.svg/100px-ADGPI_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/ADGPI_Indian_Army.svg/150px-ADGPI_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/ADGPI_Indian_Army.svg/200px-ADGPI_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">By number</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(India)" title="I Corps (India)">I Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(India)" title="II Corps (India)">II Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Corps_(India)" title="III Corps (India)">III Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IV_Corps_(India)" title="IV Corps (India)">IV Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Corps_(India)" title="IX Corps (India)">IX Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Corps_(India)" title="X Corps (India)">X Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XI_Corps_(India)" title="XI Corps (India)">XI Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XII_Corps_(India)" title="XII Corps (India)">XII Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XIV_Corps_(India)" title="XIV Corps (India)">XIV Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XV_Corps_(India)" title="XV Corps (India)">XV Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XVI_Corps_(India)" title="XVI Corps (India)">XVI Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XVII_Corps_(India)" title="XVII Corps (India)">XVII Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XXI_Corps_(India)" title="XXI Corps (India)">XXI Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XXXIII_Corps_(India)" title="XXXIII Corps (India)">XXXIII Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>(*<i>Currently assigned to Northern Command</i>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Indian_military_academies_and_colleges4239" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_military_academies_and_colleges" title="Template:Indian military academies and colleges"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_military_academies_and_colleges" title="Template talk:Indian military academies and colleges"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_military_academies_and_colleges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian military academies and colleges"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Indian_military_academies_and_colleges4239" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_India" title="Military academies in India">Indian military academies and colleges</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Education & training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School">Sainik School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Medical_College_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces Medical College (India)">Armed Forces Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajmer_Military_School" title="Ajmer Military School">Ajmer Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Military_School" title="Bangalore Military School">Bangalore Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgaum_Military_School" title="Belgaum Military School">Belgaum Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chail_Military_School" title="Chail Military School">Chail Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dholpur_Military_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Dholpur Military School">Dholpur Military School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Indian_Military_College" title="Rashtriya Indian Military College">Rashtriya Indian Military College</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="SainikSchools37" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School">Sainik<br />Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Amaravathinagar" title="Sainik School, Amaravathinagar">Amaravathinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Ambikapur" title="Sainik School, Ambikapur">Ambikapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Balachadi" title="Sainik School, Balachadi">Balachadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Bhubaneswar" title="Sainik School, Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Bijapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School, Bijapur">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Chittorgarh" title="Sainik School, Chittorgarh">Chittorgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Ghorakhal" title="Sainik School, Ghorakhal">Ghorakhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Goalpara" title="Sainik School, Goalpara">Goalpara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Gopalganj" title="Sainik School, Gopalganj">Gopalganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Imphal" title="Sainik School, Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Jhunjhunu" title="Sainik School, Jhunjhunu">Jhunjhunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Kapurthala" title="Sainik School, Kapurthala">Kapurthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Kazhakootam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School, Kazhakootam">Kazhakootam</a></li> <li>Kodagu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Korukonda" title="Sainik School, Korukonda">Korukonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Kunjpura" title="Sainik School, Kunjpura">Kunjpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Lucknow" title="Sainik School, Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Manasbal" title="Sainik School, Manasbal">Manasbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Nagrota" title="Sainik School, Nagrota">Nagrota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Nalanda" title="Sainik School, Nalanda">Nalanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Punglwa" title="Sainik School, Punglwa">Punglwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Purulia" title="Sainik School, Purulia">Purulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Rewa" title="Sainik School, Rewa">Rewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Rewari" title="Sainik School, Rewari">Rewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Satara" title="Sainik School, Satara">Satara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Sujanpur_Tihra" title="Sainik School, Sujanpur Tihra">Sujanpur Tihra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Tilaiya" title="Sainik School, Tilaiya">Tilaiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Tri Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Services_Staff_College" title="Defence Services Staff College">Defence Services Staff College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Defence_Production" title="National Academy of Defence Production">National Academy of Defence Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_College_(India)" title="National Defence College (India)">National Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Defence_Management" title="College of Defence Management">College of Defence Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Institute_of_Technology" title="Military Institute of Technology">Military Institute of Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Cadet_College" title="Army Cadet College">Army Cadet College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_War_College,_Mhow" title="Army War College, Mhow">Army War College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Military_Engineering,_Pune" title="College of Military Engineering, Pune">College of Military Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Insurgency_and_Jungle_Warfare_School_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School (India)">Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Altitude_Warfare_School" title="High Altitude Warfare School">High Altitude Warfare School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Military_Academy" title="Indian Military Academy">Indian Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_College_of_Telecommunication_Engineering" title="Military College of Telecommunication Engineering">Military College of Telecommunication Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officers_Training_Academy" title="Officers Training Academy">Officers Training Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_College_of_Materials_Management,_Jabalpur" title="Military College of Materials Management, Jabalpur">Military College of Materials Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Academy_(India)" title="Air Force Academy (India)">Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Administrative_College" title="Air Force Administrative College">Air Force Administrative College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_School,_Coimbatore" title="Air Force School, Coimbatore">Air Force School, Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_School,_Jodhpur" title="Air Force School, Jodhpur">Air Force School, Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Instructors_School_(India)" title="Flying Instructors School (India)">Flying Instructors School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force_Test_Pilot_School" title="Indian Air Force Test Pilot School">Indian Air Force Test Pilot School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactics_and_Air_Combat_Development_Establishment" title="Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment">Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Defence_College" title="Air Defence College">Air Defence College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Air_Warfare" title="College of Air Warfare">College of Air Warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Naval_Academy" title="Indian Naval Academy">Indian Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College,_Goa" title="Naval War College, Goa">Naval War College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commandants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_National_Defence_Academy" title="Commandant of the National Defence Academy">Commandant NDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Indian_Military_Academy" title="Commandant of the Indian Military Academy">Commandant IMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_Indian_Naval_Academy" title="Commandant of Indian Naval Academy">Commandant INA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Air_Force_Academy_(India)" title="Commandant of the Air Force Academy (India)">Commandant AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Defence_Services_Staff_College" title="Commandant of the Defence Services Staff College">Commandant DSSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Defence_Management#List_of_commandants" title="College of Defence Management">Commandant CDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College,_Goa#Commandants" title="Naval War College, Goa">Commandant NWC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Air_Warfare#List_of_Commandants" title="College of Air Warfare">Commandant CAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_National_Defence_College" title="Commandant of the National Defence College">Commandant NDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Institute_of_Technology#List_of_Commandants" title="Military Institute of Technology">Commandant MILIT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Examinations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Defence_Services_Examination" title="Combined Defence Services Examination">Combined Defence Services Examination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Services_Selection_Board" title="Services Selection Board">Services Selection Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Military_academy" title="Military academy">Military academy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_education_and_training" title="Military education and training">Military education and training</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_Indian_Armed_Forces_infantry_weapons_and_cartridges226" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_Indian_infantry_weapons" title="Template:Current Indian infantry weapons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_Indian_infantry_weapons" title="Template talk:Current Indian infantry weapons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_Indian_infantry_weapons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current Indian infantry weapons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_Indian_Armed_Forces_infantry_weapons_and_cartridges226" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a> infantry weapons and cartridges</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">Handguns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Browning_Hi-Power" title="Browning Hi-Power">Pistol AUTO 9 mm 1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glock_17" class="mw-redirect" title="Glock 17">Glock 17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_P226" title="SIG Sauer P226">SIG P226</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">Assault rifles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INSAS_rifle" title="INSAS rifle">INSAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L1A1_Self-Loading_Rifle" title="L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle">1A SLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AKM" title="AKM">AKM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AK-103" title="AK-103">AK-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AK-47#Production_outside_of_the_Soviet_Union/Russia" title="AK-47">MPi-KM-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AK-47#Production_outside_of_the_Soviet_Union/Russia" title="AK-47">Arsenal Co. AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vz._58" title="Vz. 58">Vz. 58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWI_Tavor" title="IWI Tavor">IMI Tavor TAR-21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">Carbine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M4_carbine" title="M4 carbine">M4A1 carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWI_Tavor" title="IWI Tavor">Zittara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AKS-74U" class="mw-redirect" title="AKS-74U">AKS-74U</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Designated_marksman#Weapons" title="Designated marksman">Designated Marksman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragunov_sniper_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragunov sniper rifle">Dragunov SVD59</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">Sniper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mauser" title="Mauser">Mauser SP66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMI_Galil#7.62mm_variants" title="IMI Galil">IMI Galil 7.62 Sniper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_PSG1#MSG90" title="Heckler & Koch PSG1">Heckler & Koch MSG-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidhwansak" title="Vidhwansak">Vidhwansak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denel_NTW-20" title="Denel NTW-20">Denel NTW-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gep%C3%A1rd_anti-materiel_rifle" title="Gepárd anti-materiel rifle">Gepárd GM6 Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSV-96" title="OSV-96">OSV-96</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">Submachine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_submachine_gun" title="Sterling submachine gun">SAF Carbine 1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5" title="Heckler & Koch MP5">Heckler & Koch MP5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5#MP5K" title="Heckler & Koch MP5">Heckler & Koch MP5K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzi" title="Uzi">Uzi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bren_light_machine_gun" title="Bren light machine gun">MG 1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSAS_rifle#Variant_.26_Developments" title="INSAS rifle">INSAS LMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWI_Negev" title="IWI Negev">IWI Negev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PK_machine_gun" title="PK machine gun">PKM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FN_MAG" title="FN MAG">MG 2A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">M2 Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSV_machine_gun" title="NSV machine gun">NSV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPV_heavy_machine_gun" title="KPV heavy machine gun">KPV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grenade_launcher" title="Grenade launcher">Grenade launchers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GP-25" title="GP-25">GP-25</a></li> <li>MKEK T-40</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkor_MGL" title="Milkor MGL">Multi Grenade Launcher 40mm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGS-17" title="AGS-17">AGS-17 Plamya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">Mortars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E1_51mm_Mortar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E1 51mm Mortar (page does not exist)">E1 51mm Mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E1_81mm_Mortar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E1 81mm Mortar (page does not exist)">E1 81mm Mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E1_120mm_Mortar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E1 120mm Mortar (page does not exist)">E1 120mm Mortar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">Rockets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RPG-7" title="RPG-7">RPG-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_8.4cm_recoilless_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Gustaf 8.4cm recoilless rifle">RCL Mk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_8.4cm_recoilless_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Gustaf 8.4cm recoilless rifle">RCL Mk III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-300" title="B-300">Shipon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">Missiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MILAN" title="MILAN">MILAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M133_Kornet" title="9M133 Kornet">9M133 Kornet (AT-14 Spriggan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M113_Konkurs" title="9M113 Konkurs">9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandrel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K111_Fagot" title="9K111 Fagot">9M111 Fagot (AT-4 Spigot)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K38_Igla" title="9K38 Igla">SA-16 Gimlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K32_Strela-2" title="9K32 Strela-2">SA-7 Grail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum" title="9×19mm Parabellum">9×19mm NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5.56%C3%9745mm_NATO" title="5.56×45mm NATO">5.56×45mm NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9739mm" title="7.62×39mm">7.62×39mm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9754mmR" title="7.62×54mmR">7.62×54mmR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.50_BMG" title=".50 BMG">.50 BMG (12.7×99mm NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12.7%C3%97108mm" class="mw-redirect" title="12.7×108mm">12.7×108mm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14.5%C3%97114mm" class="mw-redirect" title="14.5×114mm">14.5×114mm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40_mm_grenade#40×46mm" class="mw-redirect" title="40 mm grenade">40×46mm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces172" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Template:Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Template talk:Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces172" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wartime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg/37px-Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg/55px-Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg/73px-Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Param_Vir_Chakra" title="Param Vir Chakra">Param Vir Chakra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg/37px-Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg/55px-Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg/73px-Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Maha_Vir_Chakra" title="Maha Vir Chakra">Maha Vir Chakra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vir_Chakra_ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vir_Chakra_ribbon_bar.svg/37px-Vir_Chakra_ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vir_Chakra_ribbon_bar.svg/55px-Vir_Chakra_ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vir_Chakra_ribbon_bar.svg/73px-Vir_Chakra_ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vir_Chakra" title="Vir Chakra">Vir Chakra</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peacetime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashoka_Chakra_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ashoka_Chakra_ribbon.svg/37px-Ashoka_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ashoka_Chakra_ribbon.svg/55px-Ashoka_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ashoka_Chakra_ribbon.svg/73px-Ashoka_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ashoka_Chakra_(military_decoration)" title="Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)">Ashoka Chakra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kirti_Chakra_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kirti_Chakra_ribbon.svg/37px-Kirti_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kirti_Chakra_ribbon.svg/55px-Kirti_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kirti_Chakra_ribbon.svg/73px-Kirti_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kirti_Chakra" title="Kirti Chakra">Kirti Chakra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaurya_Chakra_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Shaurya_Chakra_ribbon.svg/37px-Shaurya_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Shaurya_Chakra_ribbon.svg/55px-Shaurya_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Shaurya_Chakra_ribbon.svg/73px-Shaurya_Chakra_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Shaurya_Chakra" title="Shaurya Chakra">Shaurya Chakra</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Distinguished<br />service and gallantry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg/37px-Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg/55px-Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg/73px-Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sena_Medal" title="Sena Medal">Sena Medal</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Army</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nao_Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Nao_Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg/37px-Nao_Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Nao_Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg/55px-Nao_Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Nao_Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg/73px-Nao_Sena_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nau_Sena_Medal" title="Nau Sena Medal">Nau Sena Medal</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vayusena_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Vayusena_Medal_ribbon.svg/37px-Vayusena_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Vayusena_Medal_ribbon.svg/55px-Vayusena_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Vayusena_Medal_ribbon.svg/73px-Vayusena_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vayu_Sena_Medal" title="Vayu Sena Medal">Vayu Sena Medal</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wartime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarvottam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sarvottam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/37px-Sarvottam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sarvottam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/55px-Sarvottam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sarvottam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/73px-Sarvottam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sarvottam_Yudh_Seva_Medal" title="Sarvottam Yudh Seva Medal">Sarvottam Yudh Seva Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uttam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Uttam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/37px-Uttam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Uttam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/55px-Uttam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Uttam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/73px-Uttam_Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Uttam_Yudh_Seva_Medal" title="Uttam Yudh Seva Medal">Uttam Yudh Seva Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/37px-Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/55px-Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/73px-Yudh_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Yudh_Seva_Medal" title="Yudh Seva Medal">Yudh Seva Medal</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peacetime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/37px-Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/55px-Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/73px-Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Param_Vishisht_Seva_Medal" title="Param Vishisht Seva Medal">Param Vishisht Seva Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/37px-Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/55px-Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/73px-Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ati_Vishisht_Seva_Medal" title="Ati Vishisht Seva Medal">Ati Vishisht Seva Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/37px-Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/55px-Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg/73px-Vishisht_Seva_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vishisht_Seva_Medal" title="Vishisht Seva Medal">Vishisht Seva Medal</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service and<br />campaign medals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wound_Medal-India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Wound_Medal-India.svg/37px-Wound_Medal-India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Wound_Medal-India.svg/55px-Wound_Medal-India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Wound_Medal-India.svg/73px-Wound_Medal-India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wound_Medal_(India)" title="Wound Medal (India)">Wound Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_General_Service_Medal_1947.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/India_General_Service_Medal_1947.svg/37px-India_General_Service_Medal_1947.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/India_General_Service_Medal_1947.svg/55px-India_General_Service_Medal_1947.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/India_General_Service_Medal_1947.svg/73px-India_General_Service_Medal_1947.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/General_Service_Medal_(India)" title="General Service Medal (India)">General Service Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_Samanya_Seva_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/IND_Samanya_Seva_medal.svg/37px-IND_Samanya_Seva_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/IND_Samanya_Seva_medal.svg/55px-IND_Samanya_Seva_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/IND_Samanya_Seva_medal.svg/73px-IND_Samanya_Seva_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Samanya_Seva_Medal" title="Samanya Seva Medal">Samanya Seva Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_Special_Service_Medal_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/IND_Special_Service_Medal_Ribbon.svg/37px-IND_Special_Service_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/IND_Special_Service_Medal_Ribbon.svg/55px-IND_Special_Service_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/IND_Special_Service_Medal_Ribbon.svg/73px-IND_Special_Service_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Special_Service_Medal_(India)" title="Special Service Medal (India)">Special Service Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_Samar_Seva_Star_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/IND_Samar_Seva_Star_Ribbon.svg/37px-IND_Samar_Seva_Star_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/IND_Samar_Seva_Star_Ribbon.svg/55px-IND_Samar_Seva_Star_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/IND_Samar_Seva_Star_Ribbon.svg/73px-IND_Samar_Seva_Star_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Samar_Seva_Star" title="Samar Seva Star">Samar Seva Star</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_Poorvi_Star_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/IND_Poorvi_Star_Ribbon.svg/37px-IND_Poorvi_Star_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/IND_Poorvi_Star_Ribbon.svg/55px-IND_Poorvi_Star_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/IND_Poorvi_Star_Ribbon.svg/73px-IND_Poorvi_Star_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Poorvi_Star" title="Poorvi Star">Poorvi Star</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_Paschimi_Star_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/IND_Paschimi_Star_Ribbon.svg/37px-IND_Paschimi_Star_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/IND_Paschimi_Star_Ribbon.svg/55px-IND_Paschimi_Star_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/IND_Paschimi_Star_Ribbon.svg/73px-IND_Paschimi_Star_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Paschimi_Star" title="Paschimi Star">Paschimi Star</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_Operation_Vijay_star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/IND_Operation_Vijay_star.svg/37px-IND_Operation_Vijay_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/IND_Operation_Vijay_star.svg/55px-IND_Operation_Vijay_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/IND_Operation_Vijay_star.svg/73px-IND_Operation_Vijay_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vijay_Star" title="Operation Vijay Star">Operation Vijay Star</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_Siachen_Glacier_Medal_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/IND_Siachen_Glacier_Medal_Ribbon.svg/37px-IND_Siachen_Glacier_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/IND_Siachen_Glacier_Medal_Ribbon.svg/55px-IND_Siachen_Glacier_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/IND_Siachen_Glacier_Medal_Ribbon.svg/73px-IND_Siachen_Glacier_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier_Medal" title="Siachen Glacier Medal">Siachen Glacier Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_Raksha_Medal_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/IND_Raksha_Medal_Ribbon.svg/37px-IND_Raksha_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/IND_Raksha_Medal_Ribbon.svg/55px-IND_Raksha_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/IND_Raksha_Medal_Ribbon.svg/73px-IND_Raksha_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Raksha_Medal" title="Raksha Medal">Raksha Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_Sangram_Medal_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/IND_Sangram_Medal_Ribbon.svg/37px-IND_Sangram_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/IND_Sangram_Medal_Ribbon.svg/55px-IND_Sangram_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/IND_Sangram_Medal_Ribbon.svg/73px-IND_Sangram_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sangram_Medal" title="Sangram Medal">Sangram Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg/37px-IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg/55px-IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg/73px-IND_Operation_Vijay_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vijay_Medal" title="Operation Vijay Medal">Operation Vijay Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg/37px-IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg/55px-IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg/73px-IND_Operation_Parakram_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Parakram_Medal" title="Operation Parakram Medal">Operation Parakram Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg/37px-IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg/55px-IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg/73px-IND_Sainya_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sainya_Seva_Medal" title="Sainya Seva Medal">Sainya Seva Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_High_Altitude_Medal_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/IND_High_Altitude_Medal_Ribbon.svg/37px-IND_High_Altitude_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/IND_High_Altitude_Medal_Ribbon.svg/55px-IND_High_Altitude_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/IND_High_Altitude_Medal_Ribbon.svg/73px-IND_High_Altitude_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/High_Altitude_Medal" title="High Altitude Medal">High Altitude Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_Videsh_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IND_Videsh_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg/37px-IND_Videsh_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IND_Videsh_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg/55px-IND_Videsh_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/IND_Videsh_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg/73px-IND_Videsh_Seva_Medal_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Videsh_Seva_Medal" title="Videsh Seva Medal">Videsh Seva Medal</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg/37px-Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg/55px-Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg/73px-Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Medal" title="Indian Independence Medal">Indian Independence Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:75yearmedal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/75yearmedal.svg/37px-75yearmedal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/75yearmedal.svg/55px-75yearmedal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/75yearmedal.svg/73px-75yearmedal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/75th_Independence_Anniversary_Medal" title="75th Independence Anniversary Medal">75th Independence Anniversary Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg/37px-IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg/55px-IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg/73px-IND_50th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/50th_Independence_Anniversary_Medal" title="50th Independence Anniversary Medal">50th Independence Anniversary Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IND_25th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/IND_25th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg/37px-IND_25th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/IND_25th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg/55px-IND_25th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/IND_25th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg/73px-IND_25th_Anniversary_Independence_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/25th_Independence_Anniversary_Medal" title="25th Independence Anniversary Medal">25th Independence Anniversary Medal</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Indian Armed Forces">Mention in Dispatches</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Commendation_Card_(Indian_Army)" title="Commendation Card (Indian Army)">Commendation Card</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MacGregor_Medal_Ribbon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/MacGregor_Medal_Ribbon.jpg/32px-MacGregor_Medal_Ribbon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/MacGregor_Medal_Ribbon.jpg/48px-MacGregor_Medal_Ribbon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/MacGregor_Medal_Ribbon.jpg/64px-MacGregor_Medal_Ribbon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="352" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/MacGregor_Medal" title="MacGregor Medal">MacGregor Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_post-nominal_letters_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of post-nominal letters (India) (page does not exist)">Post-nominal letters</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="India_topics12" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:India_topics" title="Template:India topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:India_topics" title="Template talk:India topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:India_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:India topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="India_topics12" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">India topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History12" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indian_history" title="Timeline of Indian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_India" title="List of years in India">Years</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_astronomy" title="Indian astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_India" title="Economic history of India">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in India">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_history_of_India" title="Linguistic history of India">Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_mathematics" title="Indian mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_metallurgy_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_paper_currency_in_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of paper currency in Indian subcontinent">Paper currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_India" title="Postage stamps and postal history of India">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_on_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="History of science and technology on the Indian subcontinent">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajanapadas" title="Mahajanapadas">Mahajanapadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Mauryas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavana_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavana Kingdom">Yavana Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_conquest_of_the_Indus_Valley" title="Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley">Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchon_Huns" title="Alchon Huns">Alchon Huns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Mauryan_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid–Mauryan war">Seleucid–Mauryan war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_kingdoms_of_India" title="Middle kingdoms of India">Middle kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern">Early Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Marathas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">European trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_War" title="Bengal War">Bengal War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Late modern">Late modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">1857 rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India#History" title="Rail transport in India">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India_under_the_British_Raj" title="Economy of India under the British Raj">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief,_India" title="Commander-in-Chief, India">Commander-in-Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamindar#British_era" title="Zamindar">Zamindari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Councils_Act_1909" title="Indian Councils Act 1909">Political reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">1943 famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_India" title="Five-Year Plans of India">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Flood">White Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxalite">Naxal Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smiling_Buddha" title="Smiling Buddha">Smiling Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Space programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">History of India (1947–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Economic liberalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">Pokhran-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography12" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_India" title="Category:Geology of India">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Parks_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil Parks of India">Fossil Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Plate">Indian Plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heritage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Geological_Monuments_of_India" title="National Geological Monuments of India">National Geological Monuments of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_groves_of_India" title="Sacred groves of India">Sacred groves of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains#India" title="Sacred mountains">Sacred mountains of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River#Sacred" title="River">Sacred rivers of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stones_of_India" title="Stones of India">Stones of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_India" title="Environment of India">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_classification_of_India" title="Biogeographic classification of India">Biogeographic classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India" title="Biosphere reserves of India">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_India" title="Climate change in India">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India" title="List of earthquakes in India">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_in_India" title="List of forests in India">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_India" title="Flora of India">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_India" title="Protected areas of India">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries of India">sanctuaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_India" title="List of beaches in India">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_India" title="List of canals in India">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_India" title="Coastal India">Coasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India" title="Exclusive economic zone of India">ECZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_India" title="List of extreme points of India">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of India">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_highest_point" title="List of Indian states and union territories by highest point">Highest point by states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_India" title="List of islands of India">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_India" title="List of lakes of India">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_India" title="List of mountains in India">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_of_India" title="List of mountain passes of India">Mountain passes</a></li> <li>Plains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern coastal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western coastal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_India" title="List of rivers of India">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_India" title="List of valleys in India">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_India" title="List of volcanoes in India">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of India">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_India" title="Northwest India">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest India">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast India">Southeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_India" title="Template:Borders of India">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_India_by_population" title="List of towns in India by population">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_National_Importance_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments of National Importance of India">National monuments of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature worship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in India">World Heritage Sites in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics12" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of agencies of the government of India">Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_India" title="Energy policy of India">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India" title="Civil Services of India">Civil Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretary (India)">Cabinet Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">State governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">State legislative assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">State legislative councils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_secretary_(India)" title="Chief secretary (India)">Chief Secretaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Penal_Code" title="Indian Penal Code">Penal Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights,_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental rights, principles and duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in India">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_courts_of_India" title="District courts of India">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_India" title="Law enforcement in India">Enforcement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force (BSF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guard" title="National Security Guard">National Security Guard (NSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Force" title="Railway Protection Force">Railway Protection Force (RPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashastra_Seema_Bal" title="Sashastra Seema Bal">Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Group" title="Special Protection Group">Special Protection Group (SPG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_intelligence_agencies" title="List of Indian intelligence agencies">Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Police_Research_and_Development" title="Bureau of Police Research and Development">Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Revenue_Intelligence" title="Directorate of Revenue Intelligence">Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate">Enforcement Directorate (ED)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">Intelligence Bureau (IB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(India)" title="National Security Council (India)">Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotics_Control_Bureau" title="Narcotics Control Bureau">Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">National Investigation Agency (NIA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_India" title="Censorship in India">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_India" title="Democracy in India">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scandals_in_India" title="List of scandals in India">Scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_India" title="Secularism in India">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_political_participation_in_India" title="Women's political participation in India">Women in politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy12" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_India" title="List of companies of India">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSE_SENSEX" title="BSE SENSEX">BSE SENSEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIFTY_50" title="NIFTY 50">NIFTY 50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Ministry of Commerce and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Commission" title="Finance Commission">Finance Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Advisory_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Advisory Council">Economic Advisory Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(India)" title="Central Statistics Office (India)">Central Statistical Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India" title="Securities and Exchange Board of India">Securities and Exchange Board of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate">Enforcement Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_debt_of_India" title="External debt of India">External debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_India" title="Foreign trade of India">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_India" title="Foreign direct investment in India">Foreign direct investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign-exchange_reserves_of_India" title="Foreign-exchange reserves of India">Foreign exchange reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remittances_to_India" title="Remittances to India">Remittances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_India" title="Taxation in India">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidies_in_India" title="Subsidies in India">Subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_licensing_in_India" title="Industrial licensing in India">Industrial licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Voluntary_Guidelines_on_Social,_Environmental_and_Economic_Responsibilities_of_Business" title="National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibilities of Business">Voluntary guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NITI_Aayog" title="NITI Aayog">NITI Aayog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_in_India" title="Make in India">Make in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmanirbhar_Bharat" title="Atmanirbhar Bharat">Atmanirbhar Bharat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_rupee" title="History of the rupee">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate_history_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Exchange rate history of the Indian rupee">Historical Forex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rupee" title="Digital rupee">Digital rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">Paisa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_in_India" title="Inflation in India">Inflation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_India" title="Banking in India">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_India" title="Insurance in India">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi_Commodity_Exchange" title="Multi Commodity Exchange">Multi Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gold_(Control)_Act,_1968" title="The Gold (Control) Act, 1968">Bullion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_black_money" title="Indian black money">Black money</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_India" title="Economic history of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development_in_India" title="Economic development in India">Economic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Liberalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licence_Raj" title="Licence Raj">Licence Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schemes_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of schemes of the government of India">Government initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_numbering_system" title="Indian numbering system">Numbering system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indians_by_net_worth" title="List of Indians by net worth">By net worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_India" title="Income in India">Income</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_labour_law" title="Indian labour law">Labour law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_India" title="Pensions in India">Pensions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employees%27_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Employees' Provident Fund Organisation">EPFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pension_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="National Pension Scheme">NPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Provident_Fund_(India)" title="Public Provident Fund (India)">PPF</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Economy of Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Assam" title="Economy of Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bihar" title="Economy of Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Delhi" title="Economy of Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gujarat" title="Economy of Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Haryana" title="Economy of Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Economy of Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jharkhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kerala" title="Economy of Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ladakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Economy of Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maharashtra" title="Economy of Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mizoram" title="Economy of Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Odisha" title="Economy of Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Punjab,_India" title="Economy of Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Rajasthan" title="Economy of Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Economy of Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Telangana" title="Economy of Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttarakhand" title="Economy of Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Economy of Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_West_Bengal" title="Economy of West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_India" title="Agriculture in India">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_India" title="Animal husbandry in India">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_India" title="Fishing in India">Fishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry_in_India" title="Chemical industry in India">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_India" title="Construction industry of India">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_India" title="Defence industry of India">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_India" title="Energy in India">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India" title="Electricity sector in India">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_India" title="Nuclear power in India">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas_industry_in_India" title="Oil and gas industry in India">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_India" title="Solar power in India">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_India" title="Wind power in India">Wind</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_and_semiconductor_manufacturing_industry_in_India" title="Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India">Electronics and semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_industry_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainment industry in India">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_India" title="Forestry in India">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_India" title="Gambling in India">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_India" title="Healthcare in India">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_India" title="List of hospitals in India">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_in_India" title="Information technology in India">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of India">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_India" title="FM broadcasting in India">FM Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_industry_in_India" title="Printing industry in India">Printing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_India" title="Mining in India">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_India" title="Coal in India">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_and_steel_industry_in_India" title="Iron and steel industry in India">Iron and Steel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_India" title="Pharmaceutical industry in India">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_India" title="Pulp and paper industry in India">Pulp and paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retailing_in_India" title="Retailing in India">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_India" title="Science and technology in India">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_in_India" title="Biotechnology in India">Biotechnology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_India" title="Space industry of India">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India" title="Telecommunications in India">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_India" title="Textile industry in India">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_India" title="Transport in India">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_India" title="Aviation in India">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_India" title="Civil aviation in India">Civil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_India" title="List of ports in India">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India" title="Rail transport in India">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_India" title="Roads in India">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electricity_organisations_in_India" title="List of electricity organisations in India">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_sector_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Power sector in India">Power</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority">IRDAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">RBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEBI" class="mw-redirect" title="SEBI">SEBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_Fund_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority">PFRDA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Tribunal">NCLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Appellate_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Appellate Tribunal">NCLAT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_for_Industrial_and_Financial_Reconstruction" title="Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction">BIFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Code,_2016" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016">IBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securitisation_and_Reconstruction_of_Financial_Assets_and_Enforcement_of_Security_Interest_Act,_2002" title="Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002">SARFESI Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income-tax_Act,_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="Income-tax Act, 1961">Income Tax Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_Act,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies Act, 2013">Companies Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_Regulation_Act,_1949" title="Banking Regulation Act, 1949">Banking Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Act,_1938" title="Insurance Act, 1938">Insurance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Exchange_Management_Act" title="Foreign Exchange Management Act">FEMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Consensus" title="Mumbai Consensus">Mumbai Consensus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_culture12" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Society and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_India" title="Corruption in India">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_India" title="Crime in India">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_India" title="List of universities in India">Universities in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_colleges_in_India" title="List of medical colleges in India">Medical colleges in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_schools_in_India" title="List of law schools in India">Law colleges in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_education_in_India" title="Engineering education in India">Engineering colleges in India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_relations_in_India" title="Ethnic relations in India">Ethnic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_India" title="Health in India">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_life_expectancy_at_birth" title="List of Indian states by life expectancy at birth">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India" title="Literacy in India">Literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_India" title="Prisons in India">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issue#India" title="Social issue">Socio-economic issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_India" title="Standard of living in India">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_India" title="Women in India">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_India" title="Youth in India">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_entertainment_in_India" title="Arts and entertainment in India">Arts and entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_India" title="Architecture of India">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_blogosphere" title="Indian blogosphere">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_comics" title="Indian comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Webcomics_in_India" title="Webcomics in India">Webcomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_wine" title="Indian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_India" title="Clothing in India">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_India" title="Folklore of India">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_India" title="List of festivals in India">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_India" title="Mass media in India">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_painting" title="Indian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_physical_culture" title="Indian physical culture">Physical culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_India" title="Public holidays in India">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent">Sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_tallest_statues_in_India" title="List of the tallest statues in India">tallest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_India" title="Sport in India">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India" title="Traditional games of India">Traditional</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355771#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata752" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355771#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata752" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355771#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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Army"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80067320">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007262801805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Army&oldid=1275655172">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Army&oldid=1275655172</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_Army" 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