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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Federal Parliament (<span><i>Bundestag</i></span>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Parliament_(Bundestag)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_Elections_of_Alliances_with_MLPD_Participation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_Elections_of_Alliances_with_MLPD_Participation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Local Elections of Alliances with MLPD Participation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_Elections_of_Alliances_with_MLPD_Participation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Well-known_former_members_of_the_MLPD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Well-known_former_members_of_the_MLPD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Well-known former members of the MLPD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Well-known_former_members_of_the_MLPD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strollad_Marksour-Leninour_Alamagn" title="Strollad Marksour-Leninour Alamagn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strollad Marksour-Leninour Alamagn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_Marxista-Leninista_d%27Alemanya" title="Partit Marxista-Leninista d'Alemanya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit Marxista-Leninista d'Alemanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxistisch-Leninistische_Partei_Deutschlands" title="Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxistisch-Leninistische_Partei_Deutschlands" title="Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Marxista-Leninista_de_Alemania" title="Partido Marxista-Leninista de Alemania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido Marxista-Leninista de Alemania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D9%84%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حزب مارکسیست-لنینیست آلمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب مارکسیست-لنینیست آلمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_marxiste-l%C3%A9niniste_d%27Allemagne" title="Parti marxiste-léniniste d'Allemagne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti marxiste-léniniste d'Allemagne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Marxista-Leninista_di_Germania" title="Partito Marxista-Leninista di Germania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito Marxista-Leninista di Germania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%9A" title="ドイツ・マルクス・レーニン主義党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ・マルクス・レーニン主義党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxistisch-Leninistische_Partei_Deutschlands" title="Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxistisch-Leninistische_Partei_vun_D%C3%BC%C3%BCtschland" title="Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei vun Düütschland – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei vun Düütschland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksistowsko-Leninowska_Partia_Niemiec" title="Marksistowsko-Leninowska Partia Niemiec – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marksistowsko-Leninowska Partia Niemiec" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Marxista-Leninista_da_Alemanha" title="Partido Marxista-Leninista da Alemanha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido Marxista-Leninista da Alemanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Марксистско-ленинская партия Германии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Марксистско-ленинская партия Германии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanya_Marksist-Leninist_Partisi" title="Almanya Marksist-Leninist Partisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Almanya Marksist-Leninist Partisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng_M%C3%A1c-L%C3%AAnin_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Đảng Mác-Lênin Đức – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảng Mác-Lênin Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%97%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%9A" title="德国马列主义党 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德国马列主义党" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|de|Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany" title="Talk:Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political party in Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #DF221D; border-bottom:2px solid #DF221D; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MLPD_Logo_2011_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/MLPD_Logo_2011_%282%29.svg/200px-MLPD_Logo_2011_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/MLPD_Logo_2011_%282%29.svg/300px-MLPD_Logo_2011_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/MLPD_Logo_2011_%282%29.svg/400px-MLPD_Logo_2011_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="198" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabi_Fechtner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabi Fechtner (page does not exist)">Gabi Fechtner</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabi_Fechtner" class="extiw" title="de:Gabi Fechtner">de</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1982<span class="noprint">; 42 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1982</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Rote Fahne Magazin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=REBELL_(youth_organization)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="REBELL (youth organization) (page does not exist)">REBELL</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebell_(Jugendverband)" class="extiw" title="de:Rebell (Jugendverband)">de</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2018)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">2,800<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;">ICOR Europe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Parties_and_Organizations_(International_Newsletter)" title="International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter)">ICMLPO</a> (defunct)<br /><a href="/wiki/International_Coordination_of_Revolutionary_Parties_and_Organizations" title="International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations">ICOR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">yellow</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MLPD_Parteifahne_2011.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MLPD_Parteifahne_2011.svg/200px-MLPD_Parteifahne_2011.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MLPD_Parteifahne_2011.svg/300px-MLPD_Parteifahne_2011.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MLPD_Parteifahne_2011.svg/400px-MLPD_Parteifahne_2011.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="833" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlpd.de/english">www<wbr />.mlpd<wbr />.de<wbr />/english</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499632#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #DF221D;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Germany" title="Politics of Germany">Politics of Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany" title="List of political parties in Germany">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Germany" title="Elections in Germany">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Marxistisch–Leninistische Partei Deutschlands</i>, MLPD) is a <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany" title="List of political parties in Germany">political party in Germany</a>. It was founded in 1982 by members of the <b>Communist Workers Union of Germany</b> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kommunistischer Arbeiterbund Deutschlands</i></span>; KABD) and is one of the <a href="/wiki/Minor_party" title="Minor party">minor parties</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. </p><p>The MLPD advocates for the establishment of a seizure of power through the proletariat, overthrowing current capitalist relations of production and replacing them with a new social order of socialist orientation. It sees this as a transitional stage to the creation of a classless, <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> society. In doing so, it refers to the theory and practice of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>. It rejects the terms "<a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a>" as <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> fighting terms that divide the Marxist–Leninist movement. Whilst criticizing particular aspects of the political works of Stalin<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Mao,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MLPD openly defends those works,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> standing in contrast to most left-wing groups in Germany. </p><p>It participates in the <a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Parties_and_Organizations_(International_Newsletter)" title="International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter)">International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations</a> (ICMLPO) and the <a href="/wiki/International_Coordination_of_Revolutionary_Parties_and_Organizations" title="International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations">International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations</a> (ICOR). Representatives from the party have attended congresses of other communist parties around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_profile">Political profile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Political profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real_Socialism">Real Socialism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Real Socialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1._Mai_2013_in_Hannover._Gute_Arbeit._Sichere_Rente._Soziales_Europa._Umzug_vom_Freizeitheim_Linden_zum_Klagesmarkt._Menschen_und_Aktivit%C3%A4ten_(096).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/1._Mai_2013_in_Hannover._Gute_Arbeit._Sichere_Rente._Soziales_Europa._Umzug_vom_Freizeitheim_Linden_zum_Klagesmarkt._Menschen_und_Aktivit%C3%A4ten_%28096%29.jpg/220px-1._Mai_2013_in_Hannover._Gute_Arbeit._Sichere_Rente._Soziales_Europa._Umzug_vom_Freizeitheim_Linden_zum_Klagesmarkt._Menschen_und_Aktivit%C3%A4ten_%28096%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/1._Mai_2013_in_Hannover._Gute_Arbeit._Sichere_Rente._Soziales_Europa._Umzug_vom_Freizeitheim_Linden_zum_Klagesmarkt._Menschen_und_Aktivit%C3%A4ten_%28096%29.jpg/330px-1._Mai_2013_in_Hannover._Gute_Arbeit._Sichere_Rente._Soziales_Europa._Umzug_vom_Freizeitheim_Linden_zum_Klagesmarkt._Menschen_und_Aktivit%C3%A4ten_%28096%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/1._Mai_2013_in_Hannover._Gute_Arbeit._Sichere_Rente._Soziales_Europa._Umzug_vom_Freizeitheim_Linden_zum_Klagesmarkt._Menschen_und_Aktivit%C3%A4ten_%28096%29.jpg/440px-1._Mai_2013_in_Hannover._Gute_Arbeit._Sichere_Rente._Soziales_Europa._Umzug_vom_Freizeitheim_Linden_zum_Klagesmarkt._Menschen_und_Aktivit%C3%A4ten_%28096%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>MLPD banner at a 2013 demonstration</figcaption></figure> <p>The MLPD calls its political orientation "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Echter Sozialismus</i></span>" ("Real Socialism”). The party says that the augmentation "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Echt</i></span>" ("Real") has the tactical purpose "to distinguish itself from the various distortions of modern <a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">revisionism</a> and reformism",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> like <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a>, which the MLPD calls a "<a href="/wiki/Petty-bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Petty-bourgeois">petty-bourgeois</a> divergence from Marxism".<sup id="cite_ref-Trotzkismus_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trotzkismus-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this way the party distinguishes itself from other left parties, like the <a href="/wiki/German_Communist_Party" title="German Communist Party">German Communist Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(Germany)" title="Socialist Equality Party (Germany)">Socialist Equality Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, MLPD describes the current governments <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> as "bureaucratic-capitalist" countries.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_policy_and_the_vision_of_the_future_of_real_socialism">Environmental policy and the vision of the future of real socialism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Environmental policy and the vision of the future of real socialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the day of the party's meeting in 2012, the decision was taken to make environmental work the second most important line of action. The MLPD believes that the earth is in a 'rapid and extended transition from the environmental crisis to a global <a href="/wiki/Environmental_disaster" title="Environmental disaster">environmental disaster</a>', which threatens the very foundations of human life. Therefore, the 'threatening destruction of the unity of man and nature' has become a 'central issue of class struggle'. In order to continue to make maximum profits, systematic environmental destruction through capitalist production has become a general necessity. The party sees a way out of socialism and communism to be built through an international revolution, without which humanity is doomed to collapse. The party calls for a change in the basic guidelines of production, thinking, working and living, as well as scientific activity. The constant growth of production and profit, the orientation of the media, education, public opinion towards the profit economy and the systematic rejection of the "unity of nature and man" and mass consumption and consumption of resources "without regard to losses" must be overcome. This "total social paradigm shift" is immediately necessary to "save the unity of man and nature," but a radical change in the way production and consumption, thinking and the work process first demand a change in power relations. By abolishing the relationship between goods, the future dictatorship of the proletariat could focus on satisfying human needs in harmony with nature. A constant "class struggle for change in the way of thinking in socialist society" is a basic prerequisite.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The MLPD promotes Marxism–Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. Only part of the MLPD's membership originates from the 1960s students' movement. <a href="/wiki/Willi_Dickhut" title="Willi Dickhut">Willi Dickhut</a>, the party's founder, had been expelled from the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">Communist Party of Germany</a> in 1966 for criticizing the change of social conditions in the Soviet Union. His book on the <i>restoration of capitalism in the Soviet Union</i> was published in 1971 and is a fundamental part of the MLPD's ideology. The MLPD describes the political and economic changes in most of the Eastern European countries after the <a href="/wiki/20th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">20th Party Congress</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> as treason to <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>. From 1976, when the economic changes provided by <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> were taking place, the MLPD's predecessor organizations criticized those changes as China's restoration of capitalism.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1998 federal elections, the party gained only 0.01 percent of the votes. In 2002, the MLPD did not participate in the federal elections and called on people to boycott. The MLPD participated in the <a href="/wiki/2005_German_federal_election" title="2005 German federal election">2005 federal elections</a>, generally positioning itself in campaigns as a radical alternative to the <a href="/wiki/Left_Party_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Left Party (Germany)">Left Party</a>. The MLPD won 0.1 percent of the total votes cast. This marked a tenfold increase compared to the result of 1998, despite the competition with the Left Party. Its strongest showing was in the states of <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a>, where it garnered 0.4 percent of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MLPD also participated in <a href="/wiki/2009_German_federal_election" title="2009 German federal election">2009 federal elections</a> and has announced its participation in the <a href="/wiki/2013_German_federal_election" title="2013 German federal election">2013 federal elections</a>. </p><p>Still, some trade unions in Germany have a policy of expelling members of the MLPD. An example of this is when the former chairman of the party, Stefan Engel, was forced to leave the <a href="/wiki/IG_Metall" title="IG Metall">IG Metall</a> and became a member of <a href="/wiki/Ver.di" title="Ver.di">Ver.di</a>, which does not take a stance against the MLPD. </p><p>For the <a href="/wiki/2017_German_federal_election" title="2017 German federal election">2017 federal election</a>, the MLPD formed the <i>Internationalistischen Bündnis</i> (Internationalist Alliance) coalition. The coalition is made up of different local electoral groups, migrant organizations (such as <a href="/wiki/ATIF" class="mw-redirect" title="ATIF">ATIF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maoist_Communist_Party_(Turkey)" title="Maoist Communist Party (Turkey)">ADHK</a> and the German section of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Iran" title="Communist Party of Iran">Communist party of Iran</a>) and labor union groups.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the party has seen little success in national or state elections, the party has managed to gain a number of local councils seats. However these party are contested under a different local label and not with an explicit communist program. However these parties are all members of the MLPD-led <a href="/wiki/Electoral_alliance" title="Electoral alliance">electoral coalition</a> Internationalist Alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Parliament_(Bundestag)"><span id="Federal_Parliament_.28Bundestag.29"></span>Federal Parliament (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bundestag</i></span>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Federal Parliament (Bundestag)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Germany" title="Electoral system of Germany">First Vote</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Germany" title="Electoral system of Germany">Second Vote</a> </th> <th>% of Second Vote </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1987_West_German_federal_election" title="1987 West German federal election">1987</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">596 </td> <td style="text-align:right">13,422 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_German_federal_election" title="1994 German federal election">1994</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">4,932 </td> <td style="text-align:right">10,038 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1998_German_federal_election" title="1998 German federal election">1998</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">7,208 </td> <td style="text-align:right">4,731 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2005_German_federal_election" title="2005 German federal election">2005</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">16,480 </td> <td style="text-align:right">45,238 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_German_federal_election" title="2009 German federal election">2009</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">17,512 </td> <td style="text-align:right">29,261 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_German_federal_election" title="2013 German federal election">2013</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">12,904 </td> <td style="text-align:right">24,219 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2017_German_federal_election" title="2017 German federal election">2017</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">35,835 </td> <td style="text-align:right">29,928 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_German_federal_election" title="2021 German federal election">2021</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">22,754 </td> <td style="text-align:right">17,994 </td> <td style="text-align:right">0.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>EP Group </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1989 European Parliament election in West Germany">1989</a> </th> <td>10,134 </td> <td>0.04 (#21) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF221D; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td rowspan="8">– </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1994 European Parliament election in Germany">1994</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><i>Did not contest</i> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF221D; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1999 European Parliament election in Germany">1999</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><i>Did not contest</i> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF221D; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2004 European Parliament election in Germany">2004</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><i>Did not contest</i> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF221D; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2009 European Parliament election in Germany">2009</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><i>Did not contest</i> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF221D; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2014 European Parliament election in Germany">2014</a> </th> <td>18,198 </td> <td>0.06 (#23) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF221D; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2019 European Parliament election in Germany">2019</a> </th> <td>18,340 </td> <td>0.05 (#38) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF221D; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2024 European Parliament election in Germany">2024</a> </th> <td>13,553 </td> <td>0.03 (#34) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF221D; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_Elections_of_Alliances_with_MLPD_Participation">Local Elections of Alliances with MLPD Participation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Local Elections of Alliances with MLPD Participation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>City </th> <th>Election Year </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>% </th> <th>Label </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albstadt" title="Albstadt">Albstadt</a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Red; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>3,4% </td> <td>zukunftsorientiert unabhängig gemeinsam (ZUG) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bergkamen" title="Bergkamen">Bergkamen</a> </td> <td>2020 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 44</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Red; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>5,9% </td> <td>Bergauf Bergkamen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eisenach" title="Eisenach">Eisenach</a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Red; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>2,2% </td> <td>Eisenacher Aufbruch </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Esslingen am Neckar</a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Red; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>3,9% </td> <td>Fortschrittlich – Überparteilich – Rege (FÜR) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a> </td> <td>2020 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 66</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Red; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>1,2 % </td> <td>Alternativ – Unabhängig – Fortschrittlich (AUF) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neukirchen-Vluyn" title="Neukirchen-Vluyn">Neukirchen-Vluyn</a> </td> <td>2020 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 38</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Red; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>5,3 % </td> <td>Neukirchen-Vluyn AUF geht's </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Well-known_former_members_of_the_MLPD">Well-known former members of the MLPD</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Well-known former members of the MLPD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kurz_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Kurz (philosopher)">Robert Kurz</a> German Marxist theorist<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthold_Huber" title="Berthold Huber">Berthold Huber</a> German unionist<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/de/oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/publikationen/verfassungsschutzberichte/vsbericht-2018">"Verfassungsschutzbericht 2018"</a> [Office for the Protection of the Constitution] (in German). <a href="/wiki/Bundesministerium_des_Innern" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesministerium des Innern">Bundesministerium des Innern</a>. p. 150.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verfassungsschutzbericht+2018&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Bundesministerium+des+Innern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verfassungsschutz.de%2Fde%2Foeffentlichkeitsarbeit%2Fpublikationen%2Fverfassungsschutzberichte%2Fvsbericht-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222133400/http://www.mlpd.de/themen/klassiker-des-marxismus-leninismus/stalin">"Klassiker Des Marxismus-Leninismus: Josef Stalin"</a> [Marxism-Leninism Classics: Joseph Stalin] (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlpd.de/themen/klassiker-des-marxismus-leninismus/stalin">the original</a> on 22 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klassiker+Des+Marxismus-Leninismus%3A+Josef+Stalin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlpd.de%2Fthemen%2Fklassiker-des-marxismus-leninismus%2Fstalin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222133403/http://www.mlpd.de/themen/klassiker-des-marxismus-leninismus/mao-tsetung">"Mao Tsetung"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlpd.de/themen/klassiker-des-marxismus-leninismus/mao-tsetung">the original</a> on 22 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mao+Tsetung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlpd.de%2Fthemen%2Fklassiker-des-marxismus-leninismus%2Fmao-tsetung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2005/09/psg-21s.html">"Socialist Equality Party receives over 15,000 votes in German elections"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i>. 21 September 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=Socialist+Equality+Party+receives+over+15%2C000+votes+in+German+elections&rft.date=2005-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2005%2F09%2Fpsg-21s.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenleft.org.au/node/16081">"Indian communists confidently chart way forward"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Green_Left_(Australian_newspaper)" title="Green Left (Australian newspaper)">Green Left</a></i>. 12 November 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Left&rft.atitle=Indian+communists+confidently+chart+way+forward&rft.date=1997-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenleft.org.au%2Fnode%2F16081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Fremdwörter- & Begriffserklärung zur Reihe Revolutionärer Weg 1–26</i> [<i>Explanation of foreign words and terms for the Revolutionary Way series 1-26</i>] (in German). Essen: Verlag Neuer Weg. 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-88021-274-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-88021-274-9"><bdi>978-3-88021-274-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fremdw%C3%B6rter-+%26+Begriffserkl%C3%A4rung+zur+Reihe+Revolution%C3%A4rer+Weg+1%E2%80%9326&rft.place=Essen&rft.pub=Verlag+Neuer+Weg&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-3-88021-274-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trotzkismus-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trotzkismus_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlpd.de/2011/kw40/trotzkismus-kleinbuergerlicher-karrierismus-in-ideologie-und-politik-ueber-leo-trotzki-und-den-trotzkismus">"Trotzkismus: Kleinbürgerlicher Karrierismus in Ideologie und Politik - Über Leo Trotzki und den Trotzkismus"</a> [Trotskyism: Petty-bourgeois careerism in ideology and politics - On Leon Trotsky and Trotskyism]. <i>MLPD-website</i> (in German). 9 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLPD-website&rft.atitle=Trotzkismus%3A+Kleinb%C3%BCrgerlicher+Karrierismus+in+Ideologie+und+Politik+-+%C3%9Cber+Leo+Trotzki+und+den+Trotzkismus&rft.date=2011-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlpd.de%2F2011%2Fkw40%2Ftrotzkismus-kleinbuergerlicher-karrierismus-in-ideologie-und-politik-ueber-leo-trotzki-und-den-trotzkismus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlpd.de/2013/kw09/dkp-heillos-zerstritten-vor-dem-20-parteitag">"20. party conference of the DKP"</a> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=20.+party+conference+of+the+DKP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlpd.de%2F2013%2Fkw09%2Fdkp-heillos-zerstritten-vor-dem-20-parteitag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313045259/https://www.mlpd.de/themen/themen-a-z/linkspartei">"Linkspartei"</a> [The Left] (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlpd.de/themen/themen-a-z/linkspartei">the original</a> on 13 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linkspartei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlpd.de%2Fthemen%2Fthemen-a-z%2Flinkspartei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlpd.de/2014/kw43/wikipedia-vandalismus-oder-moderner-antikommunismus">"Wikipedia – Vandalismus oder moderner Antikommunismus?"</a> [Wikipedia - Vandalism or Modern Anti-Communism?] (in German). 23 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wikipedia+%E2%80%93+Vandalismus+oder+moderner+Antikommunismus%3F&rft.date=2014-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlpd.de%2F2014%2Fkw43%2Fwikipedia-vandalismus-oder-moderner-antikommunismus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlpd.de/2014/kw28/was-ist-mit-paradigmenwechsel-gemeint">"Was ist mit Paradigmenwechsel gemeint?"</a> [What is meant by paradigm shift?]. <i>MLPD-website</i> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLPD-website&rft.atitle=Was+ist+mit+Paradigmenwechsel+gemeint%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlpd.de%2F2014%2Fkw28%2Fwas-ist-mit-paradigmenwechsel-gemeint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210823114238/https://www.mlpd.de/chinese/2019/chinas-leadership-is-drifting-in-the-right-deviationist-wind">"China's Leadership Is Drifting in the Right Deviationist Wind!"</a>. <i>MLPD-website</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlpd.de/chinese/2019/chinas-leadership-is-drifting-in-the-right-deviationist-wind">the original</a> on 23 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLPD-website&rft.atitle=China%27s+Leadership+Is+Drifting+in+the+Right+Deviationist+Wind%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlpd.de%2Fchinese%2F2019%2Fchinas-leadership-is-drifting-in-the-right-deviationist-wind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061006110658/http://www16.dw-world.de/wahlgrafik/index.php?lang=en">"wahlgrafik"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www16.dw-world.de/wahlgrafik/index.php?lang=en">the original</a> on 6 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=wahlgrafik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww16.dw-world.de%2Fwahlgrafik%2Findex.php%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200622154743/http://www.inter-buendnis.de/dokumente/manifest-eng/">"Manifest – ENG – InterBündnis"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inter-buendnis.de/dokumente/manifest-eng/">the original</a> on 22 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manifest+%E2%80%93+ENG+%E2%80%93+InterB%C3%BCndnis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inter-buendnis.de%2Fdokumente%2Fmanifest-eng%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927010710/http://www.inter-buendnis.de/traegerorganisationen/">"Trägerorganisationen – InterBündnis"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inter-buendnis.de/traegerorganisationen/">the original</a> on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tr%C3%A4gerorganisationen+%E2%80%93+InterB%C3%BCndnis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inter-buendnis.de%2Ftraegerorganisationen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Geschichte der Marxistisch-Leninistischen Partei Deutschlands. Halbbd. 2: Bd. 2. Parteiaufbau vom KABD zur MLPD</i>. Vol. 2. Düsseldorf Stuttgart: Verlag Neuer Weg. 1986. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-88021-151-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-88021-151-3"><bdi>978-3-88021-151-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+Marxistisch-Leninistischen+Partei+Deutschlands.+Halbbd.+2%3A+Bd.+2.+Parteiaufbau+vom+KABD+zur+MLPD&rft.place=D%C3%BCsseldorf+Stuttgart&rft.pub=Verlag+Neuer+Weg&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-3-88021-151-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2013/04/27/opel-a27.html">"At Opel plant in Bochum, Germany, Maoists provide key support for union leadership"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i>. 27 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=At+Opel+plant+in+Bochum%2C+Germany%2C+Maoists+provide+key+support+for+union+leadership&rft.date=2013-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2013%2F04%2F27%2Fopel-a27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarxist%E2%80%93Leninist+Party+of+Germany" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Party_of_Germany&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlpd.de/english">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499632#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orthodox_communist_parties_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_communist_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European communist parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orthodox_communist_parties_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Communist_party" title="Communist party">communist parties</a> in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Abkhazia" title="Communist Party of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></b></li> <li><b>Albania</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Albania_(1991)" title="Communist Party of Albania (1991)">PKSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Albania_8_November" title="Communist Party of Albania 8 November">PKSH 8 Nëntori</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Communist_Party" title="Armenian Communist Party">Armenia</a></b></li> <li><b>Austria</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Austria" title="Communist Party of Austria">KPÖ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Labour_of_Austria" title="Party of Labour of Austria">PdA</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Azerbaijan</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Communist_Party_(1993)" title="Azerbaijan Communist Party (1993)">AKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Azerbaijan_(2011)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Azerbaijan (2011)">AYNKP</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sortu" title="Sortu">Basque Country</a></b></li> <li><b>Belarus</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Belarus" title="Communist Party of Belarus">CPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Left_Party_%22A_Just_World%22" title="Belarusian Left Party "A Just World"">JW</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Belgium</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers Party of Belgium">PvdA/PTB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_(Wallonia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party (Wallonia)">PC</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Communist_Party_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Workers' Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></b></li> <li><b>Bulgaria</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bulgaria" title="Communist Party of Bulgaria">KPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Communist_Party_%E2%80%93_Marxists" title="Bulgarian Communist Party – Marxists">BKP-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Communists_in_Bulgaria" title="Union of Communists in Bulgaria">SKB</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Catalan Countries</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endavant" title="Endavant">Endavant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poble_Lliure" title="Poble Lliure">Poble Lliure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communists_of_Catalonia" title="Communists of Catalonia">Communists of Catalonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Croatia</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labour_Party_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Labour Party of Croatia">SRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Action_(Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Action (Croatia)">CA</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_of_Working_People" title="Progressive Party of Working People">Cyprus</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech Republic</a></b></li> <li><b>Denmark</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_(Denmark)" title="Communist Party (Denmark)">KP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_in_Denmark" title="Communist Party in Denmark">KPiD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Denmark" title="Communist Party of Denmark">DKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Communist_Party_(Denmark)" title="Workers' Communist Party (Denmark)">AKP</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a></b></li> <li><b>Finland</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers%27_Party_%E2%80%93_For_Peace_and_Socialism" title="Communist Workers' Party – For Peace and Socialism">KTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Finland_(1997)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Finland (1997)">SKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_(Finland)" title="League of Communists (Finland)">KL</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>France</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Communiste_R%C3%A9volutionnaire_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Communiste Révolutionnaire de France">PCRF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Revolutionary_Party_(France)" title="Communist Revolutionary Party (France)">PRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Communist_Revival_in_France" title="Pole of Communist Revival in France">PRCF</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Galicia</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_People%27s_Union" title="Galician People's Union">UPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Movement_for_Socialism" title="Galician Movement for Socialism">MGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_People%27s_Front" title="Galician People's Front">FPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Galician_People" title="Communist Party of the Galician People">PCPG</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_Communist_Party_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="United Communist Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></b></li> <li><b>Germany</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Communist_Party" title="German Communist Party">DKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany_(1990)" title="Communist Party of Germany (1990)">KPD</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MLPD</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Greece</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Greece" title="Communist Party of Greece">KKE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Greece_(Marxist-Leninist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Greece (Marxist-Leninist)">KKE (m-l)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Reorganization_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Greece_1918-55" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for the Reorganization of the Communist Party of Greece 1918-55">Anasintaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist-Leninist_Communist_Party_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Greece">M-L KKE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Organization_of_Greece" title="Communist Organization of Greece">ΚΟΕ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left_Current" title="New Left Current">NAR</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Hungary</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Communist_Workers%27_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Communist Workers' Party">MKM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Hungary_2006_%E2%80%93_European_Left" title="Workers' Party of Hungary 2006 – European Left">MM 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_(1993)" title="Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1993)">MSZMP</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Ireland</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Ireland)" title="Workers' Party (Ireland)">WPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ireland" title="Communist Party of Ireland">CPI</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Italy</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Refoundation_Party" title="Communist Refoundation Party">PRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party_(2016)" title="Italian Communist Party (2016)">PCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_(Italy)" title="Communist Party (Italy)">PC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Marxist-Leninist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Marxist-Leninist Party">PMLI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist-Leninist_Italian_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist-Leninist Italian Communist Party">PCIM-L</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Latvia" title="Socialist Party of Latvia">Latvia</a></b></li> <li><b>Lithuania</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Communist Party of Lithuania">LKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_People%27s_Front" title="Socialist People's Front">SLF</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Communists_of_Luhanshchina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union of Communists of Luhanshchina (page does not exist)">Luhansk People's Republic</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Luxembourg" title="Communist Party of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></b></li> <li><b>Macedonia</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Macedonia_(1992)" class="mw-redirect" title="League of Communists of Macedonia (1992)">SKM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Tito%27s_Left_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Tito's Left Forces">STLS</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Communists_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" title="Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova">Moldova</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Communist_Party_of_the_Netherlands" title="New Communist Party of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></b></li> <li><b>Norway</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Norway" title="Communist Party of Norway">NKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Party_(Norway)" title="Red Party (Norway)">Rødt</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Poland</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">PZPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Communist_Party_(2002)" title="Polish Communist Party (2002)">KPP</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Portugal</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Communist_Party" title="Portuguese Communist Party">PCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Workers%27_Communist_Party" title="Portuguese Workers' Communist Party">PCTP</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party_(present-day)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Communist Party (present-day)">Romania</a></b></li> <li><b>Russia</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Communist Party of the Russian Federation">CPRF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communists_of_Russia" title="Communists of Russia">CR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_United_Labour_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian United Labour Front">ROT Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Communist_Workers%27_Party_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">RCWP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Communist_Party" title="United Communist Party">UCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Union_Communist_Party_of_Bolsheviks_(1991)" title="All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (1991)">AUCPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Communists" title="Union of Communists">UC</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_Left_(San_Marino)" title="United Left (San Marino)">San Marino</a></b></li> <li><b>Slovakia</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Slovakia" title="Communist Party of Slovakia">KSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VZDOR" title="VZDOR">VZDOR</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_South_Ossetia" title="Communist Party of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></b></li> <li><b>Spain</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Spain" title="Communist Party of Spain">PCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Peoples_of_Spain" title="Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain">PCPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Workers_of_Spain" title="Communist Party of the Workers of Spain">PCTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Communist_Workers%27_Party_(1973)" title="Spanish Communist Workers' Party (1973)">PCOE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(Spain)" title="Democratic Labour Party (Spain)">PTD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Spain_(Reconstituted)" title="Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted)">PCE(r)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist-Leninist_Party_(Communist_Reconstruction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist-Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction)">RC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Spain_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist)">PCE (m-l)</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Sweden</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_(Sweden)" title="Communist Party (Sweden)">KP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Sweden_(1995)" title="Communist Party of Sweden (1995)">SKP</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Party_of_Labour" title="Swiss Party of Labour">Switzerland</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Transnistrian_Communist_Party" title="Transnistrian Communist Party">Transnistria</a></b></li> <li><b>Turkey</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Liberation_Party" title="Socialist Liberation Party">1920TKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_the_Oppressed" title="Socialist Party of the Oppressed">ESP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labourist_Movement_Party" title="Labourist Movement Party">EHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Turkey)" title="Labour Party (Turkey)">EMEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Party_(Turkey)" title="People's Liberation Party (Turkey)">HKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_Communist_Party_(Turkey)" title="Maoist Communist Party (Turkey)">MKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Refoundation_Party" title="Socialist Refoundation Party">SYKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Turkey_(2017)" title="Workers' Party of Turkey (2017)">TİP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Movement_of_Turkey" title="Communist Movement of Turkey">TKH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Turkey_(modern)" title="Communist Party of Turkey (modern)">TKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers_Party_of_Turkey" title="Communist Workers Party of Turkey">TKİP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Turkey" title="Socialist Workers' Party of Turkey">TSİP</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>United Kingdom</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Britain" title="Communist Party of Britain">CPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Group_(UK)" title="Revolutionary Communist Group (UK)">RCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist)">CPGB-ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Communist_Party_of_Britain" title="New Communist Party of Britain">NCPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(Provisional_Central_Committee)" title="Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee)">CPGB-PCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Britain_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)">CPB-ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party_of_Britain_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)">RCPB-ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_League_(UK,_1988)" title="Communist League (UK, 1988)">CL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Scotland" title="Communist Party of Scotland">CPS</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Ukraine</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Communist Party of Ukraine">KPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine_(renewed)" title="Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed)">KPU(o)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Workers_and_Peasants" title="Communist Party of Workers and Peasants">KPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borotba" title="Borotba">Borotba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Communism" title="Portal:Communism">Communism portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_political_parties" title="Template:German political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:German_political_parties" title="Template talk:German political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Germany" title="List of political parties in Germany">Political parties in Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Represented in the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a><br />(733 seats)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> (206)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> (153)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">The Greens</a> (117)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> (90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> (77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a> (43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht_Alliance" title="Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance">BSW</a> (10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Schleswig_Voters%27_Association" title="South Schleswig Voters' Association">SSW</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stefan_Seidler" title="Stefan Seidler">1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Represented in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a><br />(96 seats for Germany)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_party" title="Major party">Major parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> (23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> (15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> (14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">The Greens</a> (12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht_Alliance" title="Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance">BSW</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">Free Voters</a> (3)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_party" title="Minor party">Minor parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Germany" title="Volt Germany">Volt</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Environment_Animal_Protection_Party" title="Human Environment Animal Protection Party">PMUT</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Everding" title="Sebastian Everding">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Democratic_Party" title="Ecological Democratic Party">ÖDP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manuela_Ripa" title="Manuela Ripa">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Party_of_Germany" title="Family Party of Germany">Family Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Helmut_Geuking" title="Helmut Geuking">1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Progress_(Germany)" title="Party of Progress (Germany)">Party of Progress</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lukas_Sieper" title="Lukas Sieper">1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Represented in the 16 <a href="/wiki/Composition_of_the_German_state_parliaments" title="Composition of the German state parliaments">state parliaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> (16/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> (15/16; not in Bavaria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">AfD</a> (14/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">The Greens</a> (13/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> (9/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (7/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahra_Wagenknecht_Alliance" title="Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance">BSW</a> (6/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">Free Voters</a> (3/16)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(politics)" title="Regionalism (politics)">Regional parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Union_in_Bavaria" title="Christian Social Union in Bavaria">CSU</a> (85; only in <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Bavaria" title="Landtag of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnis_Deutschland" title="Bündnis Deutschland">BD</a> (10; only in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerschaft_of_Bremen" title="Bürgerschaft of Bremen">Bremen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Schleswig_Voters%27_Association" title="South Schleswig Voters' Association">SSW</a> (4; only in <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor parties (without representation<br />above the district level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_C_%E2%80%93_Christians_for_Germany" title="Alliance C – Christians for Germany">Alliance C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Human_Rights,_Animal_and_Nature_Protection" title="Alliance for Human Rights, Animal and Nature Protection">Animal Protection Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Pogo_Party_of_Germany" title="Anarchist Pogo Party of Germany">APPD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Income_Alliance" title="Basic Income Alliance">Basic Income Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavaria_Party" title="Bavaria Party">Bavaria Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergpartei,_die_%C3%9CberPartei" title="Bergpartei, die ÜberPartei">Bergpartei, die ÜberPartei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerrechtsbewegung_Solidarit%C3%A4t" title="Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität">BüSo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_United_Civic_Movements/Free_Voters" title="Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters">BVB/Free Voters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_Diversity_and_Awakening" title="Democratic Alliance for Diversity and Awakening">DAVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Motion" title="Democracy in Motion">Democracy in Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany">dieBasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Party_of_Germany" title="Feminist Party of Germany">Feminist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freie_Sachsen" title="Freie Sachsen">Free Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Communist_Party" title="German Communist Party">German Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Social_Union_(East_Germany)" title="German Social Union (East Germany)">DSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wir_B%C3%BCrger" title="Wir Bürger">Wir Bürger</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marxist–Leninist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">NPD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Biomedical_Rejuvenation_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Party for Biomedical Rejuvenation Research">Verjüngungsforschung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Humanists" title="Party of Humanists">The Humanists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Reason" title="Party of Reason">Party of Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Germany)" title="Third Way (Germany)">The Third Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(Germany)" title="The Republicans (Germany)">The Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Urbane._Eine_HipHop_Partei" title="Die Urbane. Eine HipHop Partei">The Urbans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(Germany)" title="Socialist Equality Party (Germany)">Socialist Equality Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statt_Party" title="Statt Party">Statt Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-Partei3" title="V-Partei3">V-Partei3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Values_Union" title="Values Union">Values Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>CDU</b>: does not participate in the state election in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>; instead, an associated party CSU is participating here.</span><br /></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Greens</b>: are currently not in the state parliament of the <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Saarland" title="Landtag of Saarland">Saarland</a></span><br /></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>FDP</b>: is currently not in state parliaments of <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Brandenburg" title="Landtag of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Lower_Saxony" title="Landtag of Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Saarland" title="Landtag of Saarland">Saarland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Saxony" title="Landtag of Saxony">Saxony</a>.</span><br /></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>AfD</b>: is currently not in the state parliament of <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>.</span><br /></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>The Left</b>: is currently not in the state parliaments of <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Landtag of Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Bavaria" title="Landtag of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Hesse" title="Landtag of Hesse">Hesse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Lower_Saxony" title="Landtag of Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Saarland" title="Landtag of Saarland">Saarland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>.</span><br /></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Free Voters</b>: are currently only in the state parliaments of Bavaria and Rhineland-Palatinate.</span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124032333">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2072300-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83063591">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121200210">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121200210">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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