CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Canadian royal symbols - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8fe970b1-79bf-4a46-80be-56f3f7a48256","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Canadian_royal_symbols","wgTitle":"Canadian royal symbols","wgCurRevisionId":1257663488,"wgRevisionId":1257663488,"wgArticleId":5182153,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Articles containing French-language text","Monarchy of Canada","National symbols of Canada"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Canadian_royal_symbols","wgRelevantArticleId":5182153,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Canadian_Royal_Crown","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols#Canadian_Royal_Crown","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5030875","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Transparentcanadacultureicon.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Transparentcanadacultureicon.png/800px-Transparentcanadacultureicon.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Transparentcanadacultureicon.png/640px-Transparentcanadacultureicon.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Canadian royal symbols - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols#Canadian_Royal_Crown"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols#Canadian_Royal_Crown"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Canadian_royal_symbols rootpage-Canadian_royal_symbols skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Canadian+royal+symbols" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Canadian+royal+symbols" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Canadian+royal+symbols" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Canadian+royal+symbols" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Purpose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Purpose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Images</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Images-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Images subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coinage,_banknotes,_and_postage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coinage,_banknotes,_and_postage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Coinage, banknotes, and postage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coinage,_banknotes,_and_postage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artworks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artworks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Artworks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artworks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clothing_and_jewellery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clothing_and_jewellery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Clothing and jewellery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clothing_and_jewellery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Crown</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Crown-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Crown subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Crown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canadian_Royal_Crown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_Royal_Crown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Canadian Royal Crown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_Royal_Crown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snowflake_Diadem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snowflake_Diadem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Snowflake Diadem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snowflake_Diadem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coronets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coronets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Coronets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coronets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbal_and_musical_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbal_and_musical_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Verbal and musical symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbal_and_musical_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calendar_dates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calendar_dates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Calendar dates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calendar_dates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographic_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographic_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Geographic names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian royal symbols</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رموز ملكية كندية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رموز ملكية كندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5030875#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Canadian_royal_symbols" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Canadian_royal_symbols" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&oldid=1257663488" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Canadian_royal_symbols&id=1257663488&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCanadian_royal_symbols%23Canadian_Royal_Crown"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCanadian_royal_symbols%23Canadian_Royal_Crown"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5030875" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Royal_Crown&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Royal Crown">Canadian Royal Crown</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Visual and auditory identifiers of the Canadian monarchy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:18.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Canada" title="Category:Culture of Canada">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Canada" title="Culture of Canada">Culture of Canada</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Canada" title="Culture of Canada"><img alt="Culture of Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Transparentcanadacultureicon.png/130px-Transparentcanadacultureicon.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Transparentcanadacultureicon.png/195px-Transparentcanadacultureicon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Transparentcanadacultureicon.png/260px-Transparentcanadacultureicon.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Canadian_values" title="Canadian values">Values</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Canadian_identity" title="Canadian identity">Identity</a></b></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada" title="History of Canada">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_origins_of_people_in_Canada" title="Ethnic origins of people in Canada">Ethnicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_folklore" title="Canadian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression_in_Canada" title="Freedom of expression in Canada">Free expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" title="Immigration to Canada">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Canada" title="Public holidays in Canada">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Canada" title="Human rights in Canada">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Canada" title="Languages of Canada">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Canada" title="Multiculturalism in Canada">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Canada" title="National symbols of Canada">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cultural_protectionism" title="Canadian cultural protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canadian_women" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Canadian women">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Canada" title="Architecture of Canada">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_art" title="Canadian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_comics" title="Canadian comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_comics" title="Quebec comics">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Canada" title="Crime in Canada">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Canada" title="List of festivals in Canada">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_humour" title="Canadian humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Law in Canada">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_literature" title="Canadian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Canada" title="Media of Canada">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Canada" title="Television in Canada">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Canada" title="List of radio stations in Canada">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspapers_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers in Canada">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Canada" title="Internet in Canada">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Canada" title="Video games in Canada">Video games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada" title="Music of Canada">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_peacekeeping" title="Canadian peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Canada" title="Sports in Canada">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Canada" title="Theatre of Canada">Theatre</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center;;color: var(--color-base)">Research</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canada" title="Bibliography of Canada">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Canada" title="Historiography of Canada">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_historians" title="List of Canadian historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_studies" title="Canadian studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Canada" title="International rankings of Canada">Indices</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/14px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/21px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/28px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Canada_sidebar" title="Template:Culture of Canada sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Canada_sidebar" title="Template talk:Culture of Canada sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Canada_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Canada sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Canadian royal symbols</b> are the visual and auditory identifiers of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canadian monarchy</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroys</a>, in the country's federal and provincial jurisdictions. These may specifically distinguish organizations that derive their authority from the Crown (such as parliament or police forces), <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_organizations_with_royal_patronage" title="List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage">establishments with royal associations</a>, or merely be ways of expressing <a href="/wiki/Loyalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Loyalist">loyal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotic</a> sentiment. </p><p>Most royal symbols in Canada are based on inherited predecessors from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, the evidence of which is still visible today, though, over time, adaptations have been made to include uniquely Canadian elements. Some representations were discarded during and after the 1970s, within an evolving <a href="/wiki/Canadian_identity" title="Canadian identity">Canadian identity</a>, while others were created over the same time and continue to be up to the present. Today, symbols of the monarchy can be seen in military badges, <a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_coats_of_arms" title="Category:Canadian coats of arms">provincial and national coats of arms</a>, royal prefixes, <a href="/wiki/Royal_monuments_in_Canada" title="Royal monuments in Canada">monuments</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Royal_eponyms_in_Canada" title="Royal eponyms in Canada">eponymous names of geographical locations and structures</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_II_official_Canadian_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Elizabeth_II_official_Canadian_portrait.jpg/220px-Elizabeth_II_official_Canadian_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Elizabeth_II_official_Canadian_portrait.jpg/330px-Elizabeth_II_official_Canadian_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Elizabeth_II_official_Canadian_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>The official <a href="/wiki/Effigy" title="Effigy">effigy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Queen of Canada</a>, used in the 1950s on Canadian stamps and coins to symbolize the monarch's authority under which the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Post" title="Canada Post">post office</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint" title="Royal Canadian Mint">Royal Canadian Mint</a> operate</figcaption></figure> <p>The use of royal symbols developed from the first royal emblems and images of <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs" title="List of Scottish monarchs">Scottish</a>, and, later, <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">British monarchs</a> that were brought by colonists to <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a> to represent the authority of the sovereign back in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. The first verifiable use of a royal symbol in Canada was when <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a> raised the Royal <a href="/wiki/Arms_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Arms of France">Arms of France</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_Peninsula" title="Gaspé Peninsula">Gaspé Peninsula</a> in 1534.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, some icons were created for use uniquely in the Canadas—mostly coats of arms. But, only after the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> did growing Canadian nationalism lead to changes in the appearance and meaning to Canadians of royal symbols. Since Canada gained <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">full legislative independence</a> from the United Kingdom in 1931, images of the reigning monarch have been employed to signify either Canada's membership in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-RUF_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RUF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Crown's authority, loyalty to Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-DCH3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCH3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Canada's full statehood.<sup id="cite_ref-MacLeod17_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacLeod17-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sean Palmer asserted in the 2018 book, <i>The Canadian Kingdom: 150 Years of Constitutional Monarchy</i>, that Canada and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> are the two <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> that have given the greatest attention to "the nationalization" of the visual symbols of their respective monarchies, particularly, in Canada, since the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Heraldic_Authority" title="Canadian Heraldic Authority">Canadian Heraldic Authority</a> in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images">Images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main symbol of the monarchy is the sovereign him or herself, being described as "the personal expression of the Crown in Canada" and the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada#Personification_of_the_Canadian_state" title="Monarchy of Canada">personification of the Canadian state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DCH3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCH3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the image of the sovereign acts as an indication of that individual's authority and therefore appears on objects created by order of the <a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">Crown-in-Council</a>, such as coins, postage stamps, and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_Canada" title="Great Seal of Canada">Great Seal of Canada</a>. The images of English monarchs were first stuck onto coins 1,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the 1800s, effigies and pictures of the monarch—<a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, especially—came to be symbolic of the wider <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, to which Canada belonged. As with other royal symbols, though, the general domestic meaning of the sovereign's portrait altered through the 20th century. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">royal cypher</a> is also regarded as a personal logo of the monarch, generally consisting of at least his or her initials. In Canada, the cypher has come to be indicative of the country's full sovereignty.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the depictions of the sovereign and other members of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada#Royal_family_and_house" title="Monarchy of Canada">royal family</a>, as well as some of their clothing, are part of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Collection" title="Crown Collection">Crown Collection</a>, a carried compilation of paintings, prints, sculptures, <a href="/wiki/Objets_d%27art" class="mw-redirect" title="Objets d'art">objets d'art</a>, and furniture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coinage,_banknotes,_and_postage"><span id="Coinage.2C_banknotes.2C_and_postage"></span>Coinage, banknotes, and postage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coinage, banknotes, and postage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:1;;height:123px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CANADA,_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/CANADA%2C_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg/123px-CANADA%2C_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/CANADA%2C_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg/185px-CANADA%2C_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/CANADA%2C_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg/246px-CANADA%2C_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_b_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1208" data-file-height="1214" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:1;;height:123px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CANADA,_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/CANADA%2C_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg/121px-CANADA%2C_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/CANADA%2C_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg/182px-CANADA%2C_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/CANADA%2C_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg/242px-CANADA%2C_VICTORIA_1858_-10_CENTS_CANADA%27S_FIRST_DIME_a_-_Flickr_-_woody1778a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1225" data-file-height="1258" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:250px;max-width:250px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:1;;height:123px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_$0.05_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Canada_%240.05_2005.jpg/248px-Canada_%240.05_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Canada_%240.05_2005.jpg/372px-Canada_%240.05_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Canada_%240.05_2005.jpg/496px-Canada_%240.05_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="498" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:250px;max-width:250px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:1;;height:111px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_dollar_1954_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Canada_dollar_1954_front.jpg/248px-Canada_dollar_1954_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Canada_dollar_1954_front.jpg/372px-Canada_dollar_1954_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Canada_dollar_1954_front.jpg/496px-Canada_dollar_1954_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1413" data-file-height="635" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">(Top to bottom) an 1858 dime featuring <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>; a "Victory" <a href="/wiki/Nickel_(Canadian_coin)" title="Nickel (Canadian coin)">nickel</a> from 2005, bearing the effigy of Elizabeth II created by <a href="/wiki/Susanna_Blunt" title="Susanna Blunt">Susanna Blunt</a>; a one <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">dollar</a> <a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Canadian_dollar" title="Banknotes of the Canadian dollar">banknote</a> from 1954, depicting Elizabeth II</div></div></div></div> <p>Coins were one of the first objects to bear the image of the reigning sovereign in what is today Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-CE_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1640, French colonists employed the <i><a href="/wiki/Louis_d%27or" title="Louis d'or">Louis d'or</a></i> ("gold Louis", which first bore the effigy of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">King Louis XIII</a> and then all subsequent French monarchs) until the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">transfer of New France to the British</a> in 1763. After, British sovereigns and coppers were used, sometimes long after the end of the reign of the monarch appearing on the coin.<sup id="cite_ref-CE_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of <a href="/wiki/Decimalisation" title="Decimalisation">decimalisation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a> replaced the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_pound" title="Canadian pound">Canadian pound</a> with the dollar in 1858, minting new coins whose obverse side featured an effigy of Queen Victoria; a trend that continued with the first coins issued in Canada after <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">confederation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CE_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since its establishment in 1908, coins minted by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint" title="Royal Canadian Mint">Royal Canadian Mint</a> featured an effigy of the reigning monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canadian coins featured effigies of the monarch that were consistent with the other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realms" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth realms">Commonwealth realms</a> until 1990. In that year, the Royal Canadian Mint opted to use an effigy of Elizabeth II designed by <a href="/wiki/Dora_de_P%C3%A9dery-Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dora de Pédery-Hunt">Dora de Pédery-Hunt</a>, making her the first Canadian to sculpt an effigy of the Queen on coinage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2018217_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2018217-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pédery-Hunt's rendition was used until 2003 when a design by <a href="/wiki/Susanna_Blunt" title="Susanna Blunt">Susanna Blunt</a> took its place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2018217_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2018217-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mintfom_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mintfom-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Elizabeth II">death of Elizabeth II</a>, Blunt's effigy remained in use until 2023, when it was replaced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Rosati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Rosati (page does not exist)">Steven Rosati</a>'s rendition of <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mintfom_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mintfom-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Images of the reigning monarch and <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada#Canada's_royal_family_and_house" title="Monarchy of Canada">his or her family</a> have also traditionally been printed on Canadian <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamps</a> since 1851, when Queen Victoria and her consort, <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert</a>, were shown on 12- and 6-pence stamps, respectively, for mail in the Province of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stamps previously issued in other British North American colonies showed images of crowns and, into the late 1800s, bore some variation of the Queen's cypher. Starting in 1939, when she was still Princess Elizabeth of York, Queen Elizabeth II was depicted in 59 successive stamp designs in Canada, continuing on to the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_domestic_rate_stamp_(Canada)" title="Queen Elizabeth II domestic rate stamp (Canada)">Queen Elizabeth II definitive stamps</a> released in the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artworks">Artworks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Artworks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Royal_monuments_in_Canada" title="Royal monuments in Canada">Royal monuments in Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada#In_media_and_popular_culture" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarchy of Canada § In media and popular culture</a></div> <table role="presentation" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0; clear:right; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:254px;"> <div class="{{{class}}}" style="position:relative; width:252px; height:200px; overflow:hidden; border:solid #ccc 1px; background-color:white;"> <div style="left:-160px; top:-220px; width:650px; position:absolute"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_tour_guide_waits_for_tourists_to_gather_around_(20130437563).jpg" title="commons:File:A tour guide waits for tourists to gather around (20130437563).jpg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/A_tour_guide_waits_for_tourists_to_gather_around_%2820130437563%29.jpg/650px-A_tour_guide_waits_for_tourists_to_gather_around_%2820130437563%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="650" height="488" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/A_tour_guide_waits_for_tourists_to_gather_around_%2820130437563%29.jpg/975px-A_tour_guide_waits_for_tourists_to_gather_around_%2820130437563%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/A_tour_guide_waits_for_tourists_to_gather_around_%2820130437563%29.jpg/1300px-A_tour_guide_waits_for_tourists_to_gather_around_%2820130437563%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </div> <div style="text-align:center; line-height:110%;"> <div style="background-color:transparent; color:black">{{{annotations}}}</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left">Portraits of King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> and his daughter, Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Block#Senate_foyer" title="Centre Block">Senate foyer</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Block" title="Centre Block">Centre Block</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">federal Parliament</a></div> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:117px;max-width:117px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:189px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_-_Osgoode_Hall_-_Toronto,_Canada_-_DSC00399.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Queen_Victoria_-_Osgoode_Hall_-_Toronto%2C_Canada_-_DSC00399.jpg/115px-Queen_Victoria_-_Osgoode_Hall_-_Toronto%2C_Canada_-_DSC00399.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Queen_Victoria_-_Osgoode_Hall_-_Toronto%2C_Canada_-_DSC00399.jpg/173px-Queen_Victoria_-_Osgoode_Hall_-_Toronto%2C_Canada_-_DSC00399.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Queen_Victoria_-_Osgoode_Hall_-_Toronto%2C_Canada_-_DSC00399.jpg/230px-Queen_Victoria_-_Osgoode_Hall_-_Toronto%2C_Canada_-_DSC00399.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1755" data-file-height="2889" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A copy of the <a href="/wiki/John_Partridge_(artist)" title="John Partridge (artist)">John Partridge</a> portrait of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Osgoode_Hall" title="Osgoode Hall">Osgoode Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:189px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadacourt2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Canadacourt2.jpg/129px-Canadacourt2.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Canadacourt2.jpg/194px-Canadacourt2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Canadacourt2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A 1977 portrait of Queen Elizabeth II and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a>, in a courthouse</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The monarchs of Canada have been portrayed by Canadian and European artists in paint, sculpture, and photography. Formal likenesses of the monarch are commissioned by relevant official bodies, such as crowns-in-council or parliaments, and are often found inside or outside government buildings, military installations, many schools, and Canada's high commissions and embassies abroad,<sup id="cite_ref-CRHT_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRHT-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as in parks and other public places. A full collection of official portraits of sovereigns of Canada and its predecessor territories going back to <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">King Francis I</a> was amassed by <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Serge_Joyal" title="Serge Joyal">Serge Joyal</a> and are on display in the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Block#Senate_foyer" title="Centre Block">Senate foyer</a> and Salon de la Francophonie in the parliament buildings' <a href="/wiki/Centre_Block" title="Centre Block">Centre Block</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Senate_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senate-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of these is the portrait of Queen Victoria painted by <a href="/wiki/John_Partridge_(artist)" title="John Partridge (artist)">John Partridge</a>, which was created in the United Kingdom and shipped to Canada in the early 1840s. It was rescued from four fires, including the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_Parliament_Buildings_in_Montreal" title="Burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal">burning of the parliament of the Province of Canada</a> in 1849 and the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Block#Great_fire" title="Centre Block">great fire</a> that destroyed the Centre Block in 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the latter event, parliamentary staff, desperately trying to save as much artwork as they could, found the portrait of Victoria was too large to fit through the door. They, thus, quickly cut it out of its frame and rolled it up. As a consequence, a cut through the crown can be seen today in the painting, which hangs in the Senate foyer.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An official painted portrait of Queen Elizabeth II was created in 1976, and another by <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarborough, Toronto">Scarborough</a>, Ontario, artist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phil_Richards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phil Richards (page does not exist)">Phil Richards</a> was completed in 2012 mark <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">the monarch's Diamond Jubilee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter image depicts Elizabeth wearing her insignia as Sovereign of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Military_Merit_(Canada)" title="Order of Military Merit (Canada)">Order of Military Merit</a> and standing in <a href="/wiki/Rideau_Hall" title="Rideau Hall">Rideau Hall</a> beside a desk upon which is a copy of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Constitution Act, 1867">Constitution Act, 1867</a> (granted <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> by Queen Victoria and <a href="/wiki/Patriate" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriate">patriated</a> by Queen Elizabeth), and a vase embossed with the Canadian Diamond Jubilee emblem; behind the Queen is the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">Canadian national flag</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Hayter" title="George Hayter">George Hayter</a>'s 1837 state portrait of Victoria.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The creation of this portrait is the subject of a <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a> (NFB) documentary directed by <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Davis_(filmmaker)" title="Hubert Davis (filmmaker)">Hubert Davis</a>, which was released in fall 2012 as part of the NFB's <i>Queen's Diamond Jubilee Collector's Edition</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The painting was on 25 June installed in the ballroom at Rideau Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table role="presentation" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0; clear:left; float:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:254px;"> <div class="{{{class}}}" style="position:relative; width:252px; height:200px; overflow:hidden; border:solid #ccc 1px; background-color:white;"> <div style="left:-220px; top:-130px; width:700px; position:absolute"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Residence_of_the_Governor_General_(Quebec)_39.jpg" title="commons:File:Residence of the Governor General (Quebec) 39.jpg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Residence_of_the_Governor_General_%28Quebec%29_39.jpg/700px-Residence_of_the_Governor_General_%28Quebec%29_39.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="467" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Residence_of_the_Governor_General_%28Quebec%29_39.jpg/1050px-Residence_of_the_Governor_General_%28Quebec%29_39.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Residence_of_the_Governor_General_%28Quebec%29_39.jpg/1400px-Residence_of_the_Governor_General_%28Quebec%29_39.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5058" data-file-height="3372" /></a></span> </div> <div style="text-align:center; line-height:110%;"> <div style="background-color:transparent; color:black">{{{annotations}}}</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul_Lemieux" title="Jean Paul Lemieux">Jean Paul Lemieux</a>'s 1979 work <i>affectionate memory images</i>, in the <a href="/wiki/Citadelle_of_Quebec#Royal_and_viceregal_residence" title="Citadelle of Quebec">monarch's and governor general's residence</a> at <a href="/wiki/Citadelle_of_Quebec" title="Citadelle of Quebec"><i>la Citadelle</i></a>, in <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a></div> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_statue_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Regina,_Saskatchewan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/The_statue_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Regina%2C_Saskatchewan.jpg/220px-The_statue_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Regina%2C_Saskatchewan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/The_statue_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Regina%2C_Saskatchewan.jpg/330px-The_statue_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Regina%2C_Saskatchewan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/The_statue_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Regina%2C_Saskatchewan.jpg/440px-The_statue_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_Regina%2C_Saskatchewan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The statue of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> outside the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Legislative_Building" title="Saskatchewan Legislative Building">Saskatchewan Legislative Building</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Elizabeth II was also the subject of Canadian painters, including <a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul_Lemieux" title="Jean Paul Lemieux">Jean Paul Lemieux</a>, whose 1979 work <i>affectionate memory images</i> combines "the familiar and the constitutional" by portraying the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh in a meadow in front of the Canadian parliament buildings. </p><p>More formal and enduring are the sculptures of some of Canada's monarchs, such as <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_H%C3%A9bert" title="Louis-Philippe Hébert">Louis-Philippe Hébert</a>'s bronze statue of Queen Victoria that was in 1901 unveiled on <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Hill" title="Parliament Hill">Parliament Hill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Harmon_(sculptor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Harmon (sculptor) (page does not exist)">Jack Harmon</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> created in 1992 the <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue" title="Equestrian statue">equestrian statue</a> of Queen Elizabeth II that also stands on Parliament Hill, and sculptor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Velder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Velder (page does not exist)">Susan Velder</a> fashioned in June 2003 another such statue for the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Legislative_Building" title="Saskatchewan Legislative Building">Saskatchewan Legislative Building</a>. </p><p>Queen Elizabeth II posed for a number of Canada's prominent photographers, the first being <a href="/wiki/Yousuf_Karsh" title="Yousuf Karsh">Yousuf Karsh</a>, who made a formal portrait of Elizabeth when she was a 17-year-old princess and, later, took a series of official pictures of the princess, in formal and informal poses, just months before she acceded to the throne. Karsh was commissioned on two subsequent occasions to create series of pictures of the Queen and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">the Duke of Edinburgh</a>, once prior to Elizabeth's 1967 tour of Canada for the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Centennial" title="Canadian Centennial">centenary of Canada's confederation</a>, when he photographed the royal couple at <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a>, and again in 1984, creating a set of portraits that included a shot of the Queen with her <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Corgi" title="Welsh Corgi">corgi</a>, Shadow. Prior to her second tour of Canada as queen in 1959, Elizabeth requested that a Canadian photographer take her pre-tour pictures and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_McKeague&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald McKeague (page does not exist)">Donald McKeague</a> of <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> was selected. Then, in 1973, <a href="/wiki/Onnig_Cavoukian" title="Onnig Cavoukian">Onnig Cavoukian</a>, also from Toronto, made a photographic portrait that was dubbed "The Citizen Queen" because of the informal way in which Elizabeth was depicted. Rideau Hall photographer John Evans captured the sovereign on film in 1977, during her <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Jubilee">Silver Jubilee</a> stay in Ottawa; Evans portrayed the Queen following her return from <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_throne" title="Speech from the throne">opening parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CRHT_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRHT-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, photographic portraits of Queen Elizabeth II were made in 2002, as part of <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II#Canada" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">her Golden Jubilee</a> celebrations, and in 2005, when she marked the centenaries of <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Beasts" title="The Queen's Beasts">The Queen's Beasts</a> were created by <a href="/wiki/James_Woodford" title="James Woodford">James Woodford</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II">coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953</a> and based on the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Beasts,_Hampton_Court_Palace" title="King's Beasts, Hampton Court Palace">King's Beasts</a>, originally made for <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a>, near London, on the order of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>. Though commissioned by the British <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Works_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Works (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Works</a>, the Queen's Beasts are now in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Museum_of_History" title="Canadian Museum of History">Canadian Museum of History</a> in Ottawa, having been given to the Canadian Crown-in-Council in 1958. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clothing_and_jewellery">Clothing and jewellery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Clothing and jewellery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0; clear:right; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:254px;"> <div class="{{{class}}}" style="position:relative; width:252px; height:330px; overflow:hidden; border:solid #ccc 1px; background-color:white;"> <div style="left:-110px; top:-30px; width:390px; position:absolute"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Catherine_-_2011_royal_tour_of_Canada.JPG" title="commons:File:Catherine - 2011 royal tour of Canada.JPG"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Catherine_-_2011_royal_tour_of_Canada.JPG/390px-Catherine_-_2011_royal_tour_of_Canada.JPG" decoding="async" width="390" height="586" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Catherine_-_2011_royal_tour_of_Canada.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="654" /></a></span> </div> <div style="text-align:center; line-height:110%;"> <div style="background-color:transparent; color:black">{{{annotations}}}</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left"><a href="/wiki/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge">Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Canada_Day" title="Canada Day">Canada Day</a> 2011, wearing clothing in the <a href="/wiki/National_colours_of_Canada" title="National colours of Canada">national colours of Canada</a>, including a maple leaf <a href="/wiki/Fascinator" title="Fascinator">fascinator</a>, and the Maple Leaf Brooch given by King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> to <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth</a> (later the Queen Mother) in 1939</div> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the role of the state personified, the monarch has worn clothing symbolic of the country and his or her distinct role in it.<sup id="cite_ref-PT_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PT-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DJW_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DJW-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, the gown worn by Queen Elizabeth II at both her coronation in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and the opening of the Canadian parliament in 1957 was decorated with the floral emblems of her realms, including maple leaves for Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the same 1957 visit to Ottawa, the Queen also wore to a banquet held at Rideau Hall the <i>Maple-Leaf-of-Canada</i> dress; it was a pale green <a href="/wiki/Satin" title="Satin">satin</a> gown, edged with a garland consisting of deep green <a href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">velvet</a> <a href="/wiki/Maple_leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Maple leaves">maple leaves</a> <a href="/wiki/Appliqu%C3%A9" title="Appliqué">appliquéd</a> with crystals and emeralds. Afterwards, the dress was donated to the Crown Collection and is now held at the Canadian Museum of History.<sup id="cite_ref-PT_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PT-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, for a dinner held in July 2010 in Toronto, Elizabeth wore a white gown with silver maple leaves appliquéd on the right sleeve and shoulder.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally, she wore clothing designed with <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal peoples in Canada">Aboriginal motifs</a> or materials made by some of the First Nations peoples. For the opening of parliament in 1977, the Queen wore a gown with gold fringes that was suggestive of an aboriginal princess and,<sup id="cite_ref-CRHT_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRHT-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2010, wore in <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> a coat trimmed with beads made by women of the <a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi'kmaq people">Mi'kmaq</a> nation.<sup id="cite_ref-Hello5_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hello5-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The monarch also owns various jewellery pieces that are distinctively Canadian, such as two maple leaf <a href="/wiki/Brooch" title="Brooch">brooches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hello5_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hello5-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The diamond Maple Leaf Brooch was originally owned by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Queen Elizabeth</a>, given to her by her husband, King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a>, in advance of their <a href="/wiki/1939_royal_tour_of_Canada" title="1939 royal tour of Canada">tour of Canada in 1939</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TMM_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMM-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Queen subsequently lent it to her daughter, Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, for her 1951 tour of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The younger Elizabeth inherited the brooch upon becoming queen in 1952 and continued to wear it while in Canada or, for instance, sitting for an official Canadian portrait.<sup id="cite_ref-TMM_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMM-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also lent the jewellery piece to the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Duchess of Cornwall</a> (now the Queen) and the <a href="/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Catherine, Princess of Wales">Duchess of Cambridge</a> (now the Princess of Wales) for their tours of Canada. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Model_of_the_Queen_at_the_Canadian_Museum_of_Civilization_(8348741226).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Model_of_the_Queen_at_the_Canadian_Museum_of_Civilization_%288348741226%29.jpg/220px-Model_of_the_Queen_at_the_Canadian_Museum_of_Civilization_%288348741226%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Model_of_the_Queen_at_the_Canadian_Museum_of_Civilization_%288348741226%29.jpg/330px-Model_of_the_Queen_at_the_Canadian_Museum_of_Civilization_%288348741226%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Model_of_the_Queen_at_the_Canadian_Museum_of_Civilization_%288348741226%29.jpg/440px-Model_of_the_Queen_at_the_Canadian_Museum_of_Civilization_%288348741226%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>A model of Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> in <a href="/wiki/Coronation_gown_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Coronation gown of Elizabeth II">her coronation gown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crown_Jewels_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom">regalia</a> on display at the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Museum_of_History" title="Canadian Museum of History">Canadian Museum of History</a>, as part of the show <i>A Queen and Her Country</i>, to mark <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II#Canada" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">the Queen's Diamond Jubilee</a></figcaption></figure> <p>To mark <a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Sapphire Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II's 65th year as Queen of Canada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canada_150" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 150">150th anniversary of Canadian Confederation</a>, Governor General <a href="/wiki/David_Johnston_(governor_general)" title="David Johnston (governor general)">David Johnston</a> presented the Queen, at <a href="/wiki/Canada_House" title="Canada House">Canada House</a>, with the Sapphire Jubilee Snowflake Brooch. Designed as a companion to the diamond Maple Leaf Brooch, the piece was made by Hillberg and Berk of Saskatchewan and consists of <a href="/wiki/Sapphire" title="Sapphire">sapphires</a> from a cache found in 2002 on <a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a> by brothers Seemeega and Nowdluk Aqpik.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Saskatchewan Tourmaline Brooch was also made by Hillberg and Berk and gifted to the Queen in 2013 by the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Saskatchewan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan">Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaughn_Solomon_Schofield" title="Vaughn Solomon Schofield">Vaughn Solomon Schofield</a>. It has an asymmetrical geometric floral design and is made of white gold set with Madagascar <a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">tourmalines</a>, diamonds, and a single freshwater pearl.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> had the Polar Bear Brooch made for the then-Duchess of Cambridge and matching <a href="/wiki/Cufflinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cufflinks">cufflinks</a> for <a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">the then-Duke of Cambridge</a>, in 2011. Created by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Winston,_Inc." title="Harry Winston, Inc.">Harry Winston</a>, the brooch features 4.5 carats (0.90 g) of pavé-set diamonds in platinum; 302 diamonds in total, all mined at the local Diavik Diamond Mine. The cufflinks consist of 390 diamonds, weighing 2.48 carats (0.496 g) total.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crown">Crown</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Crown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canada does not have its own physical crown. When King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> gave royal assent in parliament, he wore a <a href="/wiki/Bicorne#Cocked_hat" title="Bicorne">cocked hat</a> and, when Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> <a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_Canadian_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Opening of the Canadian parliament">opened parliament</a> in 1957 and 1977, she wore <a href="/wiki/Jewels_of_Elizabeth_II#Tiaras" title="Jewels of Elizabeth II">one of her tiaras</a>: the Kokoshnik Tiara. Between 2007 and 2011, efforts were made to have a unique Canadian crown created in time for <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee</a> in 2012. This would have been manufactured using Canadian precious metals (platinum, gold, and silver) and encrusted with gems and semi-precious stones sourced from Canada and other Commonwealth countries, all donated and gifted to the monarch. Heraldic renderings were produced by Gordon Macpherson showing three proposed designs and the process reached the stage of rough technical drawings for a jeweller. However, after Canadian officials consulted again with the Queen, she halted the project.<sup id="cite_ref-CM_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CM-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LeavingYYZ-ON409eON401ewON427nsSign_(32867512833).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/LeavingYYZ-ON409eON401ewON427nsSign_%2832867512833%29.jpg/220px-LeavingYYZ-ON409eON401ewON427nsSign_%2832867512833%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/LeavingYYZ-ON409eON401ewON427nsSign_%2832867512833%29.jpg/330px-LeavingYYZ-ON409eON401ewON427nsSign_%2832867512833%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/LeavingYYZ-ON409eON401ewON427nsSign_%2832867512833%29.jpg/440px-LeavingYYZ-ON409eON401ewON427nsSign_%2832867512833%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Highway_shield" title="Highway shield">Highway shields</a> in Ontario are typically shaped after <a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Crown" title="St Edward's Crown">St Edward's Crown</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As a <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldic</a> device, the <a href="/wiki/Crown_(heraldry)" title="Crown (heraldry)">crown</a> is prevalent across Canada, being incorporated into a multitude of other emblems and insignia. On the most basic level, the crown itself is a visual reminder of the monarchy, its central place as the fuse between all branches of government, and its embodiment of the continuity of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-Senate_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senate-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Canada is a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> with <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a>, the crown can also symbolise "the sovereignty (or authority) of the people."<sup id="cite_ref-CE2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It can be found on, amongst others, the Royal Cypher; the <a href="/wiki/Arms_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Arms of Canada">Royal Arms of Canada</a>; some of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_coats_of_arms" title="Category:Canadian provincial and territorial coats of arms">provincial and territorial coats of arms</a>; the badges of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a>; and those of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces">Canadian Forces</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Coast_Guard" title="Canadian Coast Guard">Canadian Coast Guard</a>, and several other <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heraldic_badges_of_the_Canadian_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heraldic badges of the Canadian government (page does not exist)">badges of federal departments</a>. A crown may also be found atop signs in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Provincial_highways_in_Ontario#King's_Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial highways in Ontario">King's Highways</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Way" title="Queen Elizabeth Way">Queen Elizabeth Way</a>. A crown is also present on various <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Canada" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada">Canadian decorations and medals</a>, as well as the insignia for all the country's orders, reflecting the monarch's place as the <i><a href="/wiki/Fount_of_honour" title="Fount of honour">fount of honour</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crown may exist on a medallion as a part of the Royal Cypher and/or on the sovereign's head in effigy, though it can also be placed atop the medal of badge of an order. Use of the royal crowns in any design requires the consent of the monarch; sought through the office of the governor general.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crown_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crown-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A two-dimensional representation of <a href="/wiki/St._Edward%27s_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Edward's Crown">St. Edward's Crown</a> has been used in a variety of designs since the 1950s; as directed by Queen Elizabeth II when she acceded to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-DCH2_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCH2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the adoption of St. Edward's Crown, a two-dimensional representation of the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Crown_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor Crown (heraldry)">Tudor Crown</a> was used throughout several designs to represent royal authority. The physical St Edward's Crown remains the property of the King in Right of the United Kingdom; although its two-dimensional representation has been adopted for use to represent royal authority in various Commonwealth realms, including Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-crown_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crown-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canadian_Royal_Crown">Canadian Royal Crown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Canadian Royal Crown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg/220px-Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg/330px-Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg/440px-Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption>The Canadian Royal Crown</figcaption></figure> <p>The Canadian Royal Crown is a symbol of the Canadian monarchy, the authority of the King and the state acting in his name. It was devised by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Heraldic_Authority" title="Canadian Heraldic Authority">Canadian Heraldic Authority</a> and approved by <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, in April 2023 and publicly unveiled to mark <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="Coronation of Charles III and Camilla">Charles' coronation</a> on 6 May of the same year. Designed by <a href="/wiki/Cathy_Bursey-Sabourin" title="Cathy Bursey-Sabourin">Cathy Bursey-Sabourin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Herald" title="Fraser Herald">Fraser Herald</a> and Principal Artist of the CHA, it is based on the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Crown_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor Crown (heraldry)">heraldic depiction of the Tudor crown</a> and incorporates symbols of the Canadian monarchy. It consists of a gold rim and two intersecting arches set with pearls, at the bases of which are maple leaves and within which is a red cap lined with <a href="/wiki/Stoat#fur" title="Stoat">ermine fur</a>. At the apex of the arches is a stylized snowflake resembling the insignia of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a>, of which the monarch is the Sovereign. On the band is a blue, wavy line symbolizing the country's waterways and ocean borders, emphasizing the importance of the environment to Canadians, as well as Indigenous teachings that water is the lifeblood of the land, and, on the ring's upper edge, are triangular peaks and dips recalling Canada's rugged landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-OotGG_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OotGG-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_(Canada).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg/110px-Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg/165px-Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg/220px-Royal_Cypher_of_King_Charles_III_%28Canada%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>Royal Cypher of King Charles III in Canada<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The crown is a "restricted emblem", the use of which requires the permission of the King. It is a "paper crown", meaning it has no physical form and is intended to be used as a symbol only,<sup id="cite_ref-CM_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CM-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the Royal Coat of <a href="/wiki/Arms_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Arms of Canada">Arms of Canada</a>, the coats of arms of provinces, the royal cypher, badges and rank insignia of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a> and law enforcement agencies, as well as by private organizations significantly associated with the monarchy and on plaques, stamps, stained glass windows, and other commemorations.<sup id="cite_ref-OotGG_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OotGG-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The emblem has been criticised for removing Christian symbols and termed 'the Trudeau Crown'.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christopher McCreery, who authored numerous books on Canadian honours, heraldry, and the monarchy, noted that this was the first time in the history of any Commonwealth realm that the head of government had chosen the symbol by which the monarch would represent himself and his authority, as Charles was "forced" to accept the binding advice of his Prime Minister. This, McCreery felt, was an over-step by Trudeau into the <a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative" title="Royal prerogative">royal prerogative</a>, removing another of the few remaining areas in which a constitutional monarch still has a direct role. The process brought the "symbol of the crown as an object, the institution of constitutional monarchy, and the person of the head of state into the political realm", "[leaving] us with a symbol of authority void of history, authority, or presence; a source of ridicule and derision."<sup id="cite_ref-CM_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CM-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snowflake_Diadem">Snowflake Diadem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Snowflake Diadem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0; clear:right; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:254px;"> <div class="{{{class}}}" style="position:relative; width:252px; height:200px; overflow:hidden; border:solid #ccc 1px; background-color:white;"> <div style="left:-500px; top:-110px; width:1000px; position:absolute"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diamond_Jubilee_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_-_Canadian_Senate_Foyer_(14579919150).jpg" title="commons:File:Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II - Canadian Senate Foyer (14579919150).jpg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_-_Canadian_Senate_Foyer_%2814579919150%29.jpg/1000px-Diamond_Jubilee_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_-_Canadian_Senate_Foyer_%2814579919150%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="660" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_-_Canadian_Senate_Foyer_%2814579919150%29.jpg/1500px-Diamond_Jubilee_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_-_Canadian_Senate_Foyer_%2814579919150%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_-_Canadian_Senate_Foyer_%2814579919150%29.jpg/2000px-Diamond_Jubilee_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_-_Canadian_Senate_Foyer_%2814579919150%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3632" data-file-height="2397" /></a></span> </div> <div style="text-align:center; line-height:110%;"> <div style="background-color:transparent; color:black">{{{annotations}}}</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left">A depiction of Elizabeth II wearing the "snowflake diadem", on the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Block" title="Centre Block">Centre Block</a>'s Diamond Jubilee Window</div> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the 21st century, several <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Canada" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada">Canadian decorations and medals</a> were introduced that featured the Snowflake <a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">Diadem</a> on the head of Queen Elizabeth II's effigy. Designed in 2008 and approved by the Queen the same year,<sup id="cite_ref-OotGG_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OotGG-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the diadem is made up of alternating snowflakes and maple leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2018218_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2018218-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DJW_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DJW-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the diadem does not physically exist; it is considered to be a "heraldic invention" for the purposes of "nationalizing the sovereign,"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2018218_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2018218-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to symbolize her status as the Queen of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-DJW_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DJW-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Decorations and medals that have used the Snowflake Diadem on effigies include the <a href="/wiki/Operational_Service_Medal_(Canada)" title="Operational Service Medal (Canada)">Operational Service Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polar_Medal_(Canada)" title="Polar Medal (Canada)">Polar Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_Medal" title="Sacrifice Medal">Sacrifice Medal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sovereign%27s_Medal_for_Volunteers" title="Sovereign's Medal for Volunteers">Sovereign's Medal for Volunteers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2018218_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2018218-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The diadem is also depicted in the Diamond Jubilee Window in the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Block#Senate_foyer" title="Centre Block">Canadian Senate foyer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DJW_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DJW-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A variation of the Snowflake Diadem, composed of only snowflakes instead of alternating snowflakes and maple leaves, is also used as a <a href="/wiki/Crown_(heraldry)" title="Crown (heraldry)">heraldic crown</a> for the coat of arms of institutions like the <a href="/wiki/Tax_Court_of_Canada" title="Tax Court of Canada">Tax Court of Canada</a>. As with the original Snowflake Diadem design, the snowflake-only design serves as a reference to Canada being a northern realm.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coronets">Coronets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Coronets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:66px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Military_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg/122px-Military_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg.png" decoding="async" width="122" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Military_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg/183px-Military_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Military_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg/244px-Military_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="104" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:66px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Civil_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Civil_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg/122px-Civil_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg.png" decoding="async" width="122" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Civil_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg/183px-Civil_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Civil_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg/244px-Civil_Coronet_of_a_Loyalist.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="104" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">A <a href="/wiki/United_Empire_Loyalist" title="United Empire Loyalist">United Empire Loyalist</a>'s military <a href="/wiki/Coronet" title="Coronet">coronet</a> (left) and civil coronet (right)</div></div></div></div> <p>Similar to, but older than, the Snowflake Diadem, the <a href="/wiki/United_Empire_Loyalist" title="United Empire Loyalist">United Empire Loyalist</a> coronets are heraldic devices available to Canadian descendants of the Loyalists—refugees to Canada of <a href="/wiki/European-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="European-Canadian">European</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Loyalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Loyalists">African</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous peoples of Canada">Indigenous</a> heritage who were loyal to <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a> and, as such, during and after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, forced to leave their homes in what became the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. The Canadian Heraldic Authority can grant these <a href="/wiki/Coronets" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronets">coronets</a>—either a military or civil version—in an individual's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coats of arms</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to the regulations of the <a href="/wiki/United_Empire_Loyalist#United_Empire_Loyalists'_Association" title="United Empire Loyalist">United Empire Loyalists' Association</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-RHSC_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RHSC-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regardless of race, gender, or religion.<sup id="cite_ref-RHSC_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RHSC-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These consist of gold maple leaves above a gold band, with either oak leaves (civil) or swords (military) in between each leaf.<sup id="cite_ref-RHSC_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RHSC-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individuals of French Canadian ancestry may be granted a coronet consisting of gold fleur-de-lis and maple leaves above a gold band. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mace">Mace</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada#Monarch" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada § Monarch</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mace_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_of_Nunavut.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Mace_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_of_Nunavut.JPG/220px-Mace_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_of_Nunavut.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Mace_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_of_Nunavut.JPG/330px-Mace_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_of_Nunavut.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Mace_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_of_Nunavut.JPG/440px-Mace_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_of_Nunavut.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_mace#Canada" title="Ceremonial mace">Mace</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Nunavut" title="Legislative Assembly of Nunavut">Legislative Assembly of Nunavut</a>, a symbol of the authority the legislature derives from the monarch</figcaption></figure> <p>In the federal, provincial, and territorial parliaments, <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_mace" title="Ceremonial mace">maces</a> represent the authority of the monarch in the legislature. At the apex of each mace is a crown, substituting for the deadly bulge of the prehistoric club and the spiked ball of the medieval battle mace. Members of parliament, the legislative assembly, or national assembly cannot pass bills until the relevant mace has been placed before the speaker of the chamber. This acknowledges that parliament's power to legislate stems from the Crown.<sup id="cite_ref-CE2_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flags">Flags</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_flags" title="List of Canadian flags">List of Canadian flags</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sovereign%E2%80%99s_Flag_for_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sovereign%E2%80%99s_Flag_for_Canada.jpg/220px-Sovereign%E2%80%99s_Flag_for_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sovereign%E2%80%99s_Flag_for_Canada.jpg/330px-Sovereign%E2%80%99s_Flag_for_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sovereign%E2%80%99s_Flag_for_Canada.jpg/440px-Sovereign%E2%80%99s_Flag_for_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3866" data-file-height="2898" /></a><figcaption>The Sovereign's Flag for Canada flying at <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Government House (Nova Scotia)">Government House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax, Nova Scotia</a>, following <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="Coronation of Charles III and Camilla">King Charles III's coronation</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Similar to <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coats of arms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">flags</a> are utilized to represent royal authority and specific royal and viceroyal offices. The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France#The_Tricolore" title="Flag of France">standards of the kings of France</a> were the first royal flags to be used in what is now Canada, a flag bearing the arms of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">King Louis XIV</a> being used as the symbol of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> after the colony was in 1663 reformed as a royal province of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. The current <a href="/wiki/Royal_standards_of_Canada#The_sovereign" title="Royal standards of Canada">sovereign's royal standard</a> is the shield of the <a href="/wiki/Arms_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Arms of Canada">monarch's Canadian arms</a> in <a href="/wiki/Banner#Heraldic_banners" title="Banner">banner</a> form undifferentiated. It was created by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Heraldic_Authority" title="Canadian Heraldic Authority">Canadian Heraldic Authority</a> in 2023 for the sovereign's use in Canada or when acting on behalf of the country abroad, the flag being flown from any building or vehicle occupied by the monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-DCH2_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCH2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are six additional <a href="/wiki/Royal_standards_of_Canada#Other_members_of_the_royal_family" title="Royal standards of Canada">royal standards for other members of the royal family</a> devised by the CHA between 2011 and 2015 and follow in precedence that of the viceroy of the relevant jurisdiction. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Governor_General_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Governor General of Canada">flag of the governor general</a> displays the crest of the Canadian royal arms—a crowned lion holding a maple leaf—and is used in a fashion akin to the sovereign's flag.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each of the provincial viceroys also has <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Lieutenant_Governors_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags of the Lieutenant Governors of Canada">a representative flag</a>, most being a blue field on which is displayed the shield of the province's arms surmounted by a crown. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brockton_Point,_Stanley_Park_in_Vancouver_(2012).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Brockton_Point%2C_Stanley_Park_in_Vancouver_%282012%29.JPG/220px-Brockton_Point%2C_Stanley_Park_in_Vancouver_%282012%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Brockton_Point%2C_Stanley_Park_in_Vancouver_%282012%29.JPG/330px-Brockton_Point%2C_Stanley_Park_in_Vancouver_%282012%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Brockton_Point%2C_Stanley_Park_in_Vancouver_%282012%29.JPG/440px-Brockton_Point%2C_Stanley_Park_in_Vancouver_%282012%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack#Canada" title="Union Jack">Royal Union Flag</a> (left) at <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Park" title="Stanley Park">Stanley Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Union_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Flag">Union Flag</a> was formerly used as a national flag of Canada, prior to the adoption of the National <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">Flag of Canada</a> (the "maple leaf flag") in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-flag_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flag-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was thereafter retained as an official flag of Canada and renamed the <i><a href="/wiki/Union_Jack#Canada" title="Union Jack">Royal Union Flag</a></i> by parliamentary resolution, intended as a marker of Canada's loyalty to the Crown and membership in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RUF_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RUF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-flag_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flag-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This flag continued to be used by the Canadian military as a personal flag of the sovereign until the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">Minister of National Defence</a> in 1965, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hellyer" title="Paul Hellyer">Paul Hellyer</a>, ordered that the new National Flag would be the flag of the then-still-to-be-unified <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a>, leading to the replacement of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Naval_Ensign" title="Canadian Naval Ensign">Naval Ensign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force_Ensign" title="Royal Canadian Air Force Ensign">Royal Canadian Air Force Ensign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the Royal Union Flag and the standard of royal France have a prominent place in the Royal Arms of Canada. The former sits in the <a href="/wiki/Canton_(flag)" title="Canton (flag)">canton</a> of the flags of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ontario" title="Flag of Ontario">Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Manitoba" title="Flag of Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, in the chief of the flag of British Columbia, and, as an abstraction, is the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador">flag of Newfoundland and Labrador</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbal_and_musical_symbols">Verbal and musical symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Verbal and musical symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Music and song are used in various ways as reminders and identifiers of the sovereign or viceroys. By tradition, the tune "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>" (or "God Save the Queen" in the reign of a female monarch) was heard in the Canadian colonies since the late 18th century and continued to be played after <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Confederation</a> in 1867. In 1980, "<a href="/wiki/O_Canada" title="O Canada">O Canada</a>" was adopted as the national anthem and "God Save the Queen" became, by convention, the <a href="/wiki/Honors_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Honors music">Royal Anthem</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for use as a musical salute to the sovereign in person or as a display of loyalty in any circumstance. It was also incorporated into the Canadian Royal Salute, which is used upon the arrival of the governor general or a lieutenant governor and consists of the first six bars of the Royal Anthem followed by the first and last four bars of "O Canada".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At official functions, regardless of whether or not the monarch is personally present, the <a href="/wiki/Loyal_toast" title="Loyal toast">Loyal Toast</a> may be recited; it consists of a <a href="/wiki/Toast_(honor)" title="Toast (honor)">toast</a> to the health of the sovereign and is generally led by the host of or guest of honour at a ceremony, aside from the monarch him or herself. In <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, the toast is: "Ladies and Gentlemen, the King of Canada," and in French: "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Mesdames et Messieurs, au Roi du Canada.</i></span>" In the <a href="/wiki/Mess" title="Mess">mess</a> of regiments in which the monarch holds an honorary appointment, the toast is modified slightly to be read as: "Ladies and Gentlemen, the King of Canada, our Colonel-in-Chief," and in French: "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Mesdames et Messieurs, au Roi du Canada, notre colonel en chef.</i></span>" Where a band is present, the Royal Anthem is played following the recital of the Loyal Toast.<sup id="cite_ref-DND_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DND-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Citizenship_ceremony_Corus_Quay._04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Citizenship_ceremony_Corus_Quay._04.jpg/220px-Citizenship_ceremony_Corus_Quay._04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Citizenship_ceremony_Corus_Quay._04.jpg/330px-Citizenship_ceremony_Corus_Quay._04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Citizenship_ceremony_Corus_Quay._04.jpg/440px-Citizenship_ceremony_Corus_Quay._04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Photo portrait of Queen Elizabeth II at the front of a citizenship ceremony</figcaption></figure> <p>The monarch also acts as the locus of fealty in the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(Canada)" title="Oath of Allegiance (Canada)">Oath of Allegiance</a>, which also forms a part of the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Citizenship_(Canada)" title="Oath of Citizenship (Canada)">Oath of Citizenship</a>. This giving of allegiance to the sovereign has been described as the expression of "a solemn intention to adhere to the symbolic keystone of the Canadian Constitution as it has been and is, thus pledging an acceptance of the whole of our constitution and national life."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <i>royal</i> itself is <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_organizations_with_royal_prefix" title="List of Canadian organizations with royal prefix">frequently used as a prefix</a> to the name of an <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_organizations_with_royal_patronage" title="List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage">organization that has gained the monarch's favour or patronage</a>. The granting of this distinction falls within the <a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative" title="Royal prerogative">royal prerogative</a> and thus is conferred by the monarch through the office of his or her <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroy</a>, with input from the Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion Programme within the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Canadian_Heritage" title="Department of Canadian Heritage">Department of Canadian Heritage</a> on whether or not the institution meets the designated criteria: The organization must have been in existence for at least 25 years,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> be financially secure, and be non-profit, amongst others.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any organization that has been so honoured may receive appropriate royal insignia when petitioning the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Heraldic_Authority" title="Canadian Heraldic Authority">Canadian Heraldic Authority</a> for a grant of armorial bearings or other emblem. </p><p>Similarly, <i>crown</i> is commonly used in language related to governance or law enforcement. Terms include <i><a href="/wiki/Crown_ward" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown ward">Crown ward</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">Crown land</a></i>, <i>Crown-held property</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations of Canada">Crown corporations</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Crown_copyright" title="Crown copyright">Crown copyright</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>the Crown</i> can refer to the government's lawyers in courts of law. <i>Crown</i> is used as the general term expressing the legal personality of the executive of government.<sup id="cite_ref-CE2_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CE2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calendar_dates">Calendar dates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Calendar dates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:230505_fireworks4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/230505_fireworks4.jpg/220px-230505_fireworks4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/230505_fireworks4.jpg/330px-230505_fireworks4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/230505_fireworks4.jpg/440px-230505_fireworks4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Day" title="Victoria Day">Victoria Day</a> fireworks display from <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Place" title="Ontario Place">Ontario Place</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Certain dates are of royal significance in Canada. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Day" title="Victoria Day">Victoria Day</a> has been since 1834 a holiday to mark the birthday of Queen Victoria. After 1957, the same date was designated as the reigning monarch's <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Official_Birthday" title="King's Official Birthday">official birthday</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At military sites, on navy vessels, and on government property, flags will also be flown to mark specific royal occasions, including <a href="/wiki/Accession_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession Day">Accession Day</a> (8 September), the actual birthday of the monarch (14 November), the official birthday of the monarch (Monday before 25 May), and the birthday of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_monarchs#List_of_royal_consorts_of_Canada" title="List of Canadian monarchs">the royal consort</a> (17 July).<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each year since 1932, the monarch has delivered the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Christmas_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Christmas Message">Royal Christmas Message</a> to the British Commonwealth (later the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>); originally broadcast on the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">British Broadcasting Corporation</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">Empire Service</a>, it is today shown in Canada on the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> television and radio. The monarch's Commonwealth Day (second Monday in March) message is not as widely broadcast by the media in Canada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_names">Geographic names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Geographic names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Royal_eponyms_in_Canada" title="Royal eponyms in Canada">places named for Canadian monarchs</a> and members of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada#Canada's_royal_family_and_house" title="Monarchy of Canada">Royal Family</a> all across Canada. No individual has been more honoured than Queen Victoria in the names of Canada's public buildings, streets, populated places, and physical features. The trend for naming places after the sovereign began after the Queen granted <a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Arctic_explorer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Ross (Arctic explorer)">John Ross</a> permission to name a small bay in the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a> after her. Following this, explorers and mapmakers gave the name <i>Victoria</i> to a multitude of geographical features all over the Canadian map; her name appears more than 300 times. Also, amongst the 280 postal divisions in Canada, more than half have at least one thoroughfare identified by the name <i>Victoria</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Canada" title="National symbols of Canada">National symbols of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Red_Ensign" title="Canadian Red Ensign">Canadian Red Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_tartans_of_Canada" title="Regional tartans of Canada">Regional tartans of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Swans" title="Royal Swans">Royal Swans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Beasts" title="The Queen's Beasts">The Queen's Beasts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prior to the establishment of the Royal Canadian Mint, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a> for the Province of Canada and confederated Canada were minted by the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050306130913/http://www.saintjohn.nbcc.nb.ca/~HeritageSaintJohn/CorporateSeal/heraldry.htm">"Heritage Saint John > Canadian Heraldry"</a>. Heritage Resources of Saint John and New Brunswick Community College. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintjohn.nbcc.nb.ca/~HeritageSaintJohn/CorporateSeal/heraldry.htm">the original</a> on 6 March 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heritage+Saint+John+%3E+Canadian+Heraldry&rft.pub=Heritage+Resources+of+Saint+John+and+New+Brunswick+Community+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintjohn.nbcc.nb.ca%2F~HeritageSaintJohn%2FCorporateSeal%2Fheraldry.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RUF-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RUF_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RUF_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Canadian_Heritage" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Canadian_Heritage" title="Department of Canadian Heritage">Department of Canadian Heritage</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130727205917/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/symbl/union-eng.cfm">"Citizenship and Identity > Symbols of Canada > The Royal Union Flag"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/symbl/union-eng.cfm">the original</a> on 27 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Citizenship+and+Identity+%3E+Symbols+of+Canada+%3E+The+Royal+Union+Flag&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Department+of+Canadian+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Fpgm%2Fceem-cced%2Fsymbl%2Funion-eng.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DCH3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DCH3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DCH3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Canadian_Heritage2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Canadian_Heritage" title="Department of Canadian Heritage">Department of Canadian Heritage</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611165523/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/symbl/101/101-eng.pdf">"Canada: Symbols of Canada"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/symbl/101/101-eng.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canada%3A+Symbols+of+Canada&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Department+of+Canadian+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Fpgm%2Fceem-cced%2Fsymbl%2F101%2F101-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacLeod17-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacLeod17_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacLeod2008" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_S._MacLeod" title="Kevin S. MacLeod">MacLeod, Kevin S.</a> (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327083452/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/fr-rf/crnCdn/crn_mpls-eng.pdf"><i>A Crown of Maples</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (1 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 50, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-662-46012-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-662-46012-1"><bdi>978-0-662-46012-1</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/fr-rf/crnCdn/crn_mpls-eng.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Crown+of+Maples&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pages=50&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-662-46012-1&rft.aulast=MacLeod&rft.aufirst=Kevin+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Fpgm%2Fceem-cced%2Ffr-rf%2FcrnCdn%2Fcrn_mpls-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palmer-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palmer_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palmer_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2018" class="citation cs2">Palmer, Sean (2018), "The Path to Nationalization: How the Realms Have Made the Monarchy Their Own", in Jackson, D. Michael (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_3glDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22canadian+royal+family%22&pg=PA210"><i>The Canadian Kingdom: 150 Years of Constitutional Monarchy</i></a>, Toronto: Dundurn, p. 215, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-4118-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-4118-8"><bdi>978-1-4597-4118-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Path+to+Nationalization%3A+How+the+Realms+Have+Made+the+Monarchy+Their+Own&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Kingdom%3A+150+Years+of+Constitutional+Monarchy&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4597-4118-8&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_3glDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522canadian%2Broyal%2Bfamily%2522%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKinnon1976" class="citation book cs1">MacKinnon, Frank (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crownincanada0000mack/page/69"><i>The Crown in Canada</i></a>. Calgary: Glenbow-Alberta Institute. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crownincanada0000mack/page/69">69</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7712-1015-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7712-1015-0"><bdi>978-0-7712-1015-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crown+in+Canada&rft.place=Calgary&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Glenbow-Alberta+Institute&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-7712-1015-0&rft.aulast=MacKinnon&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrownincanada0000mack%2Fpage%2F69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacLeod2008">MacLeod 2008</a>, p. 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CE-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CE_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilley" class="citation book cs1">Willey, R.C. "Crafts > Coins and Tokens". In Marsh, James Harley (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/coins-and-tokens"><i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i></a>. Toronto: Historica Foundation of Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crafts+%3E+Coins+and+Tokens&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Historica+Foundation+of+Canada&rft.aulast=Willey&rft.aufirst=R.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fcoins-and-tokens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mint.ca/store/mint/learn/faces-of-the-monarch-1100026#:~:text=Elizabeth%20II%20(1953%2D1964),of%20God%2C%20the%20Queen.%22">"Faces of the monarch"</a>. <i>www.mint.ca</i>. Royal Canadian Mint. 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mint.ca&rft.atitle=Faces+of+the+monarch&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mint.ca%2Fstore%2Fmint%2Flearn%2Ffaces-of-the-monarch-1100026%23%3A~%3Atext%3DElizabeth%2520II%2520%281953%252D1964%29%2Cof%2520God%252C%2520the%2520Queen.%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2018217-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2018217_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2018217_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2018">Jackson 2018</a>, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mintfom-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mintfom_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mintfom_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mint.ca/en/discover/faces-of-the-monarch">"Faces of the Monarch"</a>. <i>www.mint.ca</i>. Royal Canadian Mint. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mint.ca&rft.atitle=Faces+of+the+Monarch&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mint.ca%2Fen%2Fdiscover%2Ffaces-of-the-monarch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary_and_Archives_Canada" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710064647/http://data4.collectionscanada.ca/netacgi/nph-brs?s1=0003&l=20&d=POST&p=1&u=http://www.collectionscanada.ca/archivianet/020117/020117030101_e.html&r=1&f=G&SECT3=POST">"Canadian Postal Archives Database > Queen Victoria"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data4.collectionscanada.ca/netacgi/nph-brs?s1=0003&l=20&d=POST&p=1&u=http://www.collectionscanada.ca/archivianet/020117/020117030101_e.html&r=1&f=G&SECT3=POST">the original</a> on 10 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+Postal+Archives+Database+%3E+Queen+Victoria&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Library+and+Archives+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata4.collectionscanada.ca%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-brs%3Fs1%3D0003%26l%3D20%26d%3DPOST%26p%3D1%26u%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.ca%2Farchivianet%2F020117%2F020117030101_e.html%26r%3D1%26f%3DG%26SECT3%3DPOST&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick1964" class="citation book cs1">Patrick, Douglas; Patrick, Mary (1964). <i>Canada's Postage Stamps</i>. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Ltd. pp. <span class="nowrap">8–</span>9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada%27s+Postage+Stamps&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=McClelland+and+Stewart+Ltd.&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Patrick&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.au=Patrick%2C+Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary_and_Archives_Canada" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116004100/http://data4.collectionscanada.ca/netacgi/nph-brs?s1=0237&l=20&d=POST&p=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.ca%2Farchivianet%2F020117%2F020117030109_e.html&r=1&f=G&SECT3=POST">"Canadian Postal Archives Database > Princess Elizabeth & Princess Margaret Rose"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data4.collectionscanada.ca/netacgi/nph-brs?s1=0237&l=20&d=POST&p=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.ca%2Farchivianet%2F020117%2F020117030109_e.html&r=1&f=G&SECT3=POST">the original</a> on 2016-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+Postal+Archives+Database+%3E+Princess+Elizabeth+%26+Princess+Margaret+Rose&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Library+and+Archives+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata4.collectionscanada.ca%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-brs%3Fs1%3D0237%26l%3D20%26d%3DPOST%26p%3D1%26u%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.collectionscanada.ca%252Farchivianet%252F020117%252F020117030109_e.html%26r%3D1%26f%3DG%26SECT3%3DPOST&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPatrick1964">Patrick 1964</a>, pp. 77–78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRHT-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRHT_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRHT_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRHT_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBousfieldToffoli" class="citation web cs1">Bousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080418061228/http://www.crht.ca/DiscoverMonarchyFiles/QueenElizabethII.html">"Elizabeth II Queen of Canada > Accustomed to Her Face"</a>. Canadian Royal Heritage Trust. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crht.ca/DiscoverMonarchyFiles/QueenElizabethII.html">the original</a> on 18 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elizabeth+II+Queen+of+Canada+%3E+Accustomed+to+Her+Face&rft.pub=Canadian+Royal+Heritage+Trust&rft.aulast=Bousfield&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.au=Toffoli%2C+Garry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crht.ca%2FDiscoverMonarchyFiles%2FQueenElizabethII.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Senate-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Senate_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Senate_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParliament_of_Canada" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071119120916/http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/senate/Monarchy/senmonarchy_00-e.htm">"Canada: A Constitutional Monarchy"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/senate/Monarchy/SenMonarchy_00-e.htm">the original</a> on 19 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canada%3A+A+Constitutional+Monarchy&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Parliament+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Finformation%2Fabout%2Fpeople%2Fsenate%2FMonarchy%2FSenMonarchy_00-e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPublic_Works_and_Government_Services_Canada" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Public_Works_and_Government_Services_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Works and Government Services Canada">Public Works and Government Services Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090914000132/http://www.collineduparlement-parliamenthill.gc.ca/histoire-history/centre/senat-senate-eng.html">"A Treasure to Explore > Parliament Hill > History of the Hill > Centre Block > Senate"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collineduparlement-parliamenthill.gc.ca/histoire-history/centre/senat-senate-eng.html">the original</a> on 14 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Treasure+to+Explore+%3E+Parliament+Hill+%3E+History+of+the+Hill+%3E+Centre+Block+%3E+Senate&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Public+Works+and+Government+Services+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collineduparlement-parliamenthill.gc.ca%2Fhistoire-history%2Fcentre%2Fsenat-senate-eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParliament_of_Canada" class="citation web cs1">Parliament of Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120312084341/http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Senate/jubilee/senate-e.htm">"The Diamond Jubilee Window: A Celebration of the Crown in Canada > The Senate and the Crown"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Senate/jubilee/senate-e.htm">the original</a> on 12 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Diamond+Jubilee+Window%3A+A+Celebration+of+the+Crown+in+Canada+%3E+The+Senate+and+the+Crown&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Parliament+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FAbout%2FSenate%2Fjubilee%2Fsenate-e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenate_of_Canada2017" class="citation cs2">Senate of Canada (22 May 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sencanada.ca/en/sencaplus/how-why/the-legacy-of-queen-victoria/#:~:text=This%20full%2Dlength%20state%20portrait,destroyed%20the%20original%20Centre%20Block."><i>The Legacy of Queen Victoria</i></a>, Queen's Printer for Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legacy+of+Queen+Victoria&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=2017-05-22&rft.au=Senate+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsencanada.ca%2Fen%2Fsencaplus%2Fhow-why%2Fthe-legacy-of-queen-victoria%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThis%2520full%252Dlength%2520state%2520portrait%2Cdestroyed%2520the%2520original%2520Centre%2520Block.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenate_of_Canada2017" class="citation cs2">Senate of Canada (May 22, 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sencanada.ca/en/sencaplus/how-why/the-legacy-of-queen-victoria/#:~:text=This%20full%2Dlength%20state%20portrait,destroyed%20the%20original%20Centre%20Block."><i>The Legacy of Queen Victoria</i></a>, Queen's Printer for Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legacy+of+Queen+Victoria&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=2017-05-22&rft.au=Senate+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsencanada.ca%2Fen%2Fsencaplus%2Fhow-why%2Fthe-legacy-of-queen-victoria%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThis%2520full%252Dlength%2520state%2520portrait%2Cdestroyed%2520the%2520original%2520Centre%2520Block.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Canadian_Heritage2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Canadian_Heritage" title="Department of Canadian Heritage">Department of Canadian Heritage</a> (22 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610171934/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pc-ch/infoCntr/cdm-mc/index-eng.cfm?action=doc&DocIDCd=CJM100694">"Government of Canada Commissions New Canadian Portrait of Her Majesty The Queen"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pch.gc.ca/pc-ch/infoCntr/cdm-mc/index-eng.cfm?action=doc&DocIDCd=CJM100694">the original</a> on 10 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+of+Canada+Commissions+New+Canadian+Portrait+of+Her+Majesty+The+Queen&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=2010-06-22&rft.au=Department+of+Canadian+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Fpc-ch%2FinfoCntr%2Fcdm-mc%2Findex-eng.cfm%3Faction%3Ddoc%26DocIDCd%3DCJM100694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Crown" class="citation cs2">Canadian Crown, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116004100/http://canadiancrown.gc.ca/eng/1338926295285/1338926916845"><i>Diamond Jubilee > About the Diamond Jubilee > Painting of Her Majesty</i></a>, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canadiancrown.gc.ca/eng/1338926295285/1338926916845">the original</a> on 16 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diamond+Jubilee+%3E+About+the+Diamond+Jubilee+%3E+Painting+of+Her+Majesty&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Canadian+Crown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanadiancrown.gc.ca%2Feng%2F1338926295285%2F1338926916845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVlessing2012" class="citation news cs1">Vlessing, Etan (5 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://realscreen.com/2012/06/07/national-film-board-puts-final-touches-to-the-portrait/#ixzz1xyvJFwJf">"National Film Board puts final touches to "The Portrait"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Realscreen<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=National+Film+Board+puts+final+touches+to+%22The+Portrait%22&rft.date=2012-06-05&rft.aulast=Vlessing&rft.aufirst=Etan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frealscreen.com%2F2012%2F06%2F07%2Fnational-film-board-puts-final-touches-to-the-portrait%2F%23ixzz1xyvJFwJf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis,_Hubert_(director)" class="citation web cs1">Davis, Hubert (director). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfb.ca/film/portrait/">"The Portrait"</a>. <i>Documentary film</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Documentary+film&rft.atitle=The+Portrait&rft.au=Davis%2C+Hubert+%28director%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfb.ca%2Ffilm%2Fportrait%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Governor_General_of_Canada2012" class="citation web cs1">Office of the Governor General of Canada (25 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=14596">"Her Majesty The Queen's New Painting Arrives at Rideau Hall"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Her+Majesty+The+Queen%27s+New+Painting+Arrives+at+Rideau+Hall&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=2012-06-25&rft.au=Office+of+the+Governor+General+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.ca%2Fdocument.aspx%3Fid%3D14596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPublic_Works_and_Government_Services_Canada" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Public_Works_and_Government_Services_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Works and Government Services Canada">Public Works and Government Services Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301082936/http://www.parliamenthill.gc.ca/histoire-history/terrains-grounds/statues-eng.html">"A Treasure to Explore > Parliament Hill > History of the Hill > Grounds > Statues"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliamenthill.gc.ca/histoire-history/terrains-grounds/statues-eng.html">the original</a> on 1 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Treasure+to+Explore+%3E+Parliament+Hill+%3E+History+of+the+Hill+%3E+Grounds+%3E+Statues&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Public+Works+and+Government+Services+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliamenthill.gc.ca%2Fhistoire-history%2Fterrains-grounds%2Fstatues-eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PT-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PT_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PT_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrepanier2004" class="citation journal cs1">Trepanier, Peter (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20121009163622/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/27/2/27n2_04e_trepanier.pdf">"Some Visual Aspects of the Monarchical Tradition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Canadian Parliamentary Review</i>. <b>27</b> (2). Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association: 28. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/27/2/27n2_04e_trepanier.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Parliamentary+Review&rft.atitle=Some+Visual+Aspects+of+the+Monarchical+Tradition&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=28&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Trepanier&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.parl.gc.ca%2FSites%2FLOP%2FInfoparl%2F27%2F2%2F27n2_04e_trepanier.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DJW-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DJW_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DJW_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DJW_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DJW_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParliament_of_Canada" class="citation web cs1">Parliament of Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120312084326/http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Senate/jubilee/crown-e.htm">"The Diamond Jubilee Window: A Celebration of the Crown in Canada > The Diamond Jubilee Window"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Senate/jubilee/crown-e.htm">the original</a> on 12 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Diamond+Jubilee+Window%3A+A+Celebration+of+the+Crown+in+Canada+%3E+The+Diamond+Jubilee+Window&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Parliament+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FAbout%2FSenate%2Fjubilee%2Fcrown-e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBousfieldToffoli,_Gary2002" class="citation book cs1">Bousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Gary (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w8l5reK7NjoC"><i>Fifty Years the Queen</i></a>. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55002-360-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-55002-360-8"><bdi>1-55002-360-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fifty+Years+the+Queen&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Dundurn+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-55002-360-8&rft.aulast=Bousfield&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.au=Toffoli%2C+Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw8l5reK7NjoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHello!2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120928063022/http://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/gallery/201007063815/queen-elizabeth/fashion/canada-visit/1/2/">"The Queen pulls out all the sartorial stops on Canadian trip"</a>. <i>Hello!</i>. London: Hello Ltd.: 2 July 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/gallery/201007063815/queen-elizabeth/fashion/canada-visit/1/2/">the original</a> on 28 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hello%21&rft.atitle=The+Queen+pulls+out+all+the+sartorial+stops+on+Canadian+trip&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2010-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hellomagazine.com%2Froyalty%2Fgallery%2F201007063815%2Fqueen-elizabeth%2Ffashion%2Fcanada-visit%2F1%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hello5-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hello5_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hello5_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHello!2010">Hello! 2010</a>, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TMM-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TMM_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TMM_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maplemonarchists.weebly.com/blog/the-canadian-crown-jewels"><i>The Canadian Crown Jewels</i></a>, The Maple Monarchists, 8 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Crown+Jewels&rft.pub=The+Maple+Monarchists&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaplemonarchists.weebly.com%2Fblog%2Fthe-canadian-crown-jewels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/microsites/queenandcommonwealth/MicroObject.asp?row=93&themeid=944&item=93"><i>Exhibitions</i></a>, Royal Collection</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exhibitions&rft.pub=Royal+Collection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcollection.org.uk%2Fmicrosites%2Fqueenandcommonwealth%2FMicroObject.asp%3Frow%3D93%26themeid%3D944%26item%3D93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruffydd2021" class="citation cs2">Gruffydd, Mared (29 June 2021), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/style/1452232/queen-best-brooches-canadian-snowflake-blue-silver-sapphire-jubilee">"Queen's best brooches: Canadian Snowflake represents monarch's historical Sapphire Jubilee"</a>, <i>Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Express&rft.atitle=Queen%27s+best+brooches%3A+Canadian+Snowflake+represents+monarch%27s+historical+Sapphire+Jubilee&rft.date=2021-06-29&rft.aulast=Gruffydd&rft.aufirst=Mared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fstyle%2F1452232%2Fqueen-best-brooches-canadian-snowflake-blue-silver-sapphire-jubilee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor2014" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, Kevin (3 February 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/queen-goes-to-church-with-saskatchewan-brooch-1.2521575"><i>Queen goes to church with Saskatchewan brooch</i></a>, CBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queen+goes+to+church+with+Saskatchewan+brooch&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2014-02-03&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fsaskatchewan%2Fqueen-goes-to-church-with-saskatchewan-brooch-1.2521575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejewelleryeditor.com/jewellery/article/diamond-gift-to-duke-and-duchess-of-cambridge/"><i>Diamond gift to Duke and Duchess of Cambridge</i></a>, The Jewellery Editor, 6 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diamond+gift+to+Duke+and+Duchess+of+Cambridge&rft.pub=The+Jewellery+Editor&rft.date=2011-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejewelleryeditor.com%2Fjewellery%2Farticle%2Fdiamond-gift-to-duke-and-duchess-of-cambridge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CM-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CM_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CM_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CM_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCreery" class="citation cs2">McCreery, Christopher, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cpmccreery.com/papercrown"><i>Canada's Paper Crown: A Faux Symbol of Authority</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada%27s+Paper+Crown%3A+A+Faux+Symbol+of+Authority&rft.aulast=McCreery&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpmccreery.com%2Fpapercrown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CE2-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CE2_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE2_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CE2_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/symbols-of-authority/">"Symbols of Authority"</a>, <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i>, Historica Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Symbols+of+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fsymbols-of-authority%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" class="citation web cs1">Royal Canadian Mounted Police. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090323114038/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/hon/nat-honour-honneur/index-eng.htm">"Honours and Recognition Programs > Canadian National Honours"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/hon/nat-honour-honneur/index-eng.htm">the original</a> on 23 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honours+and+Recognition+Programs+%3E+Canadian+National+Honours&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Royal+Canadian+Mounted+Police&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcmp-grc.gc.ca%2Fhon%2Fnat-honour-honneur%2Findex-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_National_Defence" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Department of National Defence (Canada)">Department of National Defence</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091114162425/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhr-ddhr/chc-tdh/chart-tableau-eng.asp?ref=SM">"DH&R Home > Canadian Honours Chart > Sacrifice Medal (SM)"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhr-ddhr/chc-tdh/chart-tableau-eng.asp?ref=SM">the original</a> on 14 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DH%26R+Home+%3E+Canadian+Honours+Chart+%3E+Sacrifice+Medal+%28SM%29&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Department+of+National+Defence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca%2Fdhr-ddhr%2Fchc-tdh%2Fchart-tableau-eng.asp%3Fref%3DSM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Canadian_Heritage" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Canadian_Heritage" title="Department of Canadian Heritage">Department of Canadian Heritage</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608075942/http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/symbl/101/102-eng.cfm#a3">"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > The crown in Canada > The Royal Crown"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/symbl/101/102-eng.cfm#a3">the original</a> on 8 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ceremonial+and+Canadian+Symbols+Promotion+%3E+The+crown+in+Canada+%3E+The+Royal+Crown&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Department+of+Canadian+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadianheritage.gc.ca%2Fpgm%2Fceem-cced%2Fsymbl%2F101%2F102-eng.cfm%23a3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crown-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crown_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crown_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/royal-symbols-titles/royal-crown-cypher.html">"Royal Crown and Cypher"</a>. <i>www.canada.ca</i>. Government of Canada. 5 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.canada.ca&rft.atitle=Royal+Crown+and+Cypher&rft.date=2020-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fcanadian-heritage%2Fservices%2Froyal-symbols-titles%2Froyal-crown-cypher.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DCH2-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DCH2_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DCH2_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDepartment_of_Canadian_Heritage2008">Department of Canadian Heritage 2008</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205055430/http://www.heraldry.ca/misc/coatArmsCanada.htm">"An Armorial of Canada > The Royal Arms of Canada"</a>. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldry.ca/misc/coatArmsCanada.htm">the original</a> on 2012-02-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Armorial+of+Canada+%3E+The+Royal+Arms+of+Canada&rft.pub=Royal+Heraldry+Society+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldry.ca%2Fmisc%2FcoatArmsCanada.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OotGG-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OotGG_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OotGG_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OotGG_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Governor_General_of_Canada" class="citation cs2">Office of the Governor General of Canada, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230514210321/https://gg.ca/en/heraldry/royal-and-viceregal-emblems/royal-emblems"><i>Royal Emblems</i></a>, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gg.ca/en/heraldry/royal-and-viceregal-emblems/royal-emblems">the original</a> on 14 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Emblems&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Office+of+the+Governor+General+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.ca%2Fen%2Fheraldry%2Froyal-and-viceregal-emblems%2Froyal-emblems&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/royal-symbols-titles/royal-crown-cypher.html#a2">"Canadian Royal Crown and Royal Cypher - The Royal Cypher"</a>. <i>Government of Canada</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Canadian+Royal+Crown+and+Royal+Cypher+-+The+Royal+Cypher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fcanadian-heritage%2Fservices%2Froyal-symbols-titles%2Froyal-crown-cypher.html%23a2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvison2023" class="citation news cs1">Ivison, John (2 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/opinion/canada-strips-religious-symbols-from-crown-on-coat-of-arms">"John Ivison: Federal government strips religious symbols from crown adorning Royal Coat of Arms"</a>. <i>National Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Post&rft.atitle=John+Ivison%3A+Federal+government+strips+religious+symbols+from+crown+adorning+Royal+Coat+of+Arms&rft.date=2023-05-02&rft.aulast=Ivison&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalpost.com%2Fopinion%2Fcanada-strips-religious-symbols-from-crown-on-coat-of-arms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson2018218-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2018218_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2018218_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2018218_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2018">Jackson 2018</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Governor_General_of_Canada" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Office of the Governor General of Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090209192807/http://gg.ca/honours/medals/hon04-sm_e.asp">"Honours > Medals > Sacrifice Medal"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gg.ca/honours/medals/hon04-sm_e.asp">the original</a> on 9 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honours+%3E+Medals+%3E+Sacrifice+Medal&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Office+of+the+Governor+General+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.ca%2Fhonours%2Fmedals%2Fhon04-sm_e.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcc-cci.gc.ca/en/pages/about/coat-of-arms">"Symbolism of the Heraldic Emblems of the Tax Court of Canada"</a>. Tax Court of Canada. 15 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Symbolism+of+the+Heraldic+Emblems+of+the+Tax+Court+of+Canada&rft.pub=Tax+Court+of+Canada&rft.date=2021-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcc-cci.gc.ca%2Fen%2Fpages%2Fabout%2Fcoat-of-arms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuch1990" class="citation cs2">Ruch, John E. (1990), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uelac.org/UELAC-history/Cdn-Heraldic-Authority-Gazette-1990.pdf"><i>The Canadian Heraldic Authority and the Loyalists</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, The United Empire Loyalists' Association of Canada</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Heraldic+Authority+and+the+Loyalists&rft.pub=The+United+Empire+Loyalists%27+Association+of+Canada&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Ruch&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uelac.org%2FUELAC-history%2FCdn-Heraldic-Authority-Gazette-1990.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Governor_General_of_Canada2017" class="citation cs2">Office of the Governor General of Canada (15 August 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gg.ca/en/heraldry/public-register/project/2962"><i>Kalen Brook Tresidder Lennox</i></a>, King's Printer for Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kalen+Brook+Tresidder+Lennox&rft.pub=King%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=2017-08-15&rft.au=Office+of+the+Governor+General+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.ca%2Fen%2Fheraldry%2Fpublic-register%2Fproject%2F2962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RHSC-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RHSC_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RHSC_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RHSC_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldry.ca/content/pp_canadian_heraldry.php"><i>Canadian Heraldic Information</i></a>, Royal Heraldry Society of Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Heraldic+Information&rft.pub=Royal+Heraldry+Society+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldry.ca%2Fcontent%2Fpp_canadian_heraldry.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Governor_General_of_Canada" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Office of the Governor General of Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20061009183849/http://www.gg.ca/heraldry/emb/index_e.asp">"Heraldry > Emblems of Canada and of Government House > The Governor General's Flag"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gg.ca/heraldry/emb/index_e.asp">the original</a> on 9 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heraldry+%3E+Emblems+of+Canada+and+of+Government+House+%3E+The+Governor+General%27s+Flag&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Office+of+the+Governor+General+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.ca%2Fheraldry%2Femb%2Findex_e.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flag-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flag_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flag_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190912202105/https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/flag-canada-history.html">"History of the National Flag of Canada"</a>. <i>canada.ca</i>. Department of Canadian Heritage. 4 February 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/flag-canada-history.html">the original</a> on 12 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=canada.ca&rft.atitle=History+of+the+National+Flag+of+Canada&rft.date=2019-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fcanadian-heritage%2Fservices%2Fflag-canada-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChampion2010" class="citation cs2">Champion, C.P. (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rx-UF_9BeusC&q=queen%27s+personal+canadian+flag+history"><i>The Strange Demise of British Canada</i></a>, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, p. 213, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773591059" title="Special:BookSources/9780773591059"><bdi>9780773591059</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strange+Demise+of+British+Canada&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780773591059&rft.aulast=Champion&rft.aufirst=C.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRx-UF_9BeusC%26q%3Dqueen%2527s%2Bpersonal%2Bcanadian%2Bflag%2Bhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDepartment_of_Canadian_Heritage2008">Department of Canadian Heritage 2008</a>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Lieutenant_Governor_of_Saskatchewan" class="citation web cs1">Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ltgov.sk.ca/vice_regal_salute.htm">"Lieutenant Governor > Royal Salute"</a>. Queen's Printer for Saskatchewan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lieutenant+Governor+%3E+Royal+Salute&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Saskatchewan&rft.au=Office+of+the+Lieutenant+Governor+of+Saskatchewan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ltgov.sk.ca%2Fvice_regal_salute.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DND-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DND_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_National_Defence1999" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Department of National Defence (Canada)">Department of National Defence</a> (1 April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325162006/http://www.saskd.ca/heritage.pdf">"The Honours, Flags and Heritage Structure of the Canadian Forces"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. pp. <span class="nowrap">449–</span>450. A-AD-200-000/AG-000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saskd.ca/heritage.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Honours%2C+Flags+and+Heritage+Structure+of+the+Canadian+Forces&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E449-%3C%2Fspan%3E450&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.au=Department+of+National+Defence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saskd.ca%2Fheritage.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>Aralt Mac Giolla Chainnigh v. the Attorney-General of Canada</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/en/2008/2008fc69/2008fc69.pdf">T-1809-06</a>, 14.4 (Federal Court of Canada 21 January 2008).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Canadian_Heritage" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Canadian_Heritage" title="Department of Canadian Heritage">Department of Canadian Heritage</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225075402/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/actvt/105-eng.cfm">"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > Reinforcement of constitutional links with the institutions of the Canadian Monarchy"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/actvt/105-eng.cfm">the original</a> on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ceremonial+and+Canadian+Symbols+Promotion+%3E+Reinforcement+of+constitutional+links+with+the+institutions+of+the+Canadian+Monarchy&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Department+of+Canadian+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Fpgm%2Fceem-cced%2Factvt%2F105-eng.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Canadian_Heritage" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Canadian_Heritage" title="Department of Canadian Heritage">Department of Canadian Heritage</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/fr-rf/criter-eng.cfm">"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > The Canadian Monarchy > Royal patronage and the prefix "Royal"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ceremonial+and+Canadian+Symbols+Promotion+%3E+The+Canadian+Monarchy+%3E+Royal+patronage+and+the+prefix+%22Royal%22&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Department+of+Canadian+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Fpgm%2Fceem-cced%2Ffr-rf%2Fcriter-eng.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_National_Defence" class="citation web cs1">Department of National Defence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090828111747/http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dgcb-dgras/pd/fs-se/gm-mg/2009/414-011759Z-eng.asp">"DCBA 414 011759Z Apr 09 MFSI Annual Rates for the Fiscal Year 2009/2010"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dgcb-dgras/pd/fs-se/gm-mg/2009/414-011759Z-eng.asp">the original</a> on August 28, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DCBA+414+011759Z+Apr+09+MFSI+Annual+Rates+for+the+Fiscal+Year+2009%2F2010&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Department+of+National+Defence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca%2Fdgcb-dgras%2Fpd%2Ffs-se%2Fgm-mg%2F2009%2F414-011759Z-eng.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation map cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326043231/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/national/can_political_e/map.pdf"><i>Canada</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Queen's Printer for Canada. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/national/can_political_e/map.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canada&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatlas.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fsite%2Fenglish%2Fmaps%2Freference%2Fnational%2Fcan_political_e%2Fmap.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Canadian_Heritage" class="citation web cs1">Department of Canadian Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205141327/http://pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/jfa-ha/victoria-eng.cfm">"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > Victoria Day > Sovereign's Birthday"</a>. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/jfa-ha/victoria-eng.cfm">the original</a> on 5 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ceremonial+and+Canadian+Symbols+Promotion+%3E+Victoria+Day+%3E+Sovereign%27s+Birthday&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.au=Department+of+Canadian+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pch.gc.ca%2Fpgm%2Fceem-cced%2Fjfa-ha%2Fvictoria-eng.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDepartment_of_National_Defence1999">Department of National Defence 1999</a>, p. 309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRayburn" class="citation book cs1">Rayburn, Alan. "Biography > Women Leaders > Victoria". In Marsh, James Harley (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/victoria"><i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i></a>. Toronto: Historica Foundation of Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090910000712/http://www.canadianencyclopedia.ca/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0008358">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biography+%3E+Women+Leaders+%3E+Victoria&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Historica+Foundation+of+Canada&rft.aulast=Rayburn&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fvictoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2018" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, D. Michael (2018). <i>The Canadian Kingdom: 150 Years of Constitutional Monarchy</i>. Dundurn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-4119-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-4119-5"><bdi>978-1-4597-4119-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Kingdom%3A+150+Years+of+Constitutional+Monarchy&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4597-4119-5&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=D.+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_information">Further information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPikeMcCreery2011" class="citation cs2">Pike, Corinna A.W.; McCreery, Christopher (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=drGroMc7UPAC&q=queen%27s+personal+canadian+flag+history"><i>Canadian Symbols of Authority</i></a>, Toronto: Dundurn, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-902-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-902-0"><bdi>978-1-55488-902-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Symbols+of+Authority&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-55488-902-0&rft.aulast=Pike&rft.aufirst=Corinna+A.W.&rft.au=McCreery%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdrGroMc7UPAC%26q%3Dqueen%2527s%2Bpersonal%2Bcanadian%2Bflag%2Bhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+royal+symbols" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/royal-symbols-titles.html">Royal Symbols and Titles - Government of Canada</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canadian_royal_symbols116" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Template:Canadian royal symbols"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Template talk:Canadian royal symbols"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian royal symbols"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canadian_royal_symbols116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian royal symbols</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Arms of Canada">Royal Arms of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_standards_of_Canada" title="Royal standards of Canada">Royal standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">Royal anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Day" title="Victoria Day">Victoria Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Official_Birthday#Canada" title="King's Official Birthday">King's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_Canada" title="Great Seal of Canada">Great Seal of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Royal_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Royal Crown">Canadian Royal Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession Day">Accession Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyal_toast" title="Loyal toast">Loyal toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Christmas_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Christmas Message">Royal Christmas Message</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28lesser_version%29.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28lesser_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28lesser_version%29.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28lesser_version%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28lesser_version%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Canada_%28lesser_version%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="493" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_charter#Canada" title="Royal charter">Royal charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Royal_Commissions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian Royal Commissions">Royal commissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations of Canada">Crown corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_copyright" title="Crown copyright">Crown copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Printer" title="King's Printer">King's Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Collection" title="Crown Collection">Crown Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Canada" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Canada">Postage stamps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Canada#Dominion_of_Canada,_Victorian_period" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Canada">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Canada#Edward_VII" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Canada">Edward VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Canada#George_V" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Canada">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_postage_stamps#Canada" title="Edward VIII postage stamps">Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Canada#George_VI" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Canada">George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_definitive_stamp_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II definitive stamp (Canada)">Elizabeth II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jubilees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria">Golden Jubilee, 1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria">Diamond Jubilee, 1897</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_George_V" title="Silver Jubilee of George V">Silver Jubilee, 1935</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Silver Jubilee, 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Ruby Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Ruby Jubilee, 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Golden Jubilee, 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Diamond Jubilee, 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Sapphire Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Sapphire Jubilee, 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Platinum Jubilee, 2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_monuments_in_Canada" title="Royal monuments in Canada">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_eponyms_in_Canada" title="Royal eponyms in Canada">Eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_organizations_with_royal_prefix" title="List of Canadian organizations with royal prefix">Royal prefix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_organizations_with_royal_patronage" title="List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage">Royal patronage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Swans" title="Royal Swans">Royal Swans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_viceroyal_transport_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal and viceroyal transport in Canada">Royal and viceroyal transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Coronation_Contingent" title="Canadian Coronation Contingent">Canadian Coronation Contingent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_awards#Royal_awards_in_the_federal_jurisdiction" title="List of Canadian awards">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_awards#Royal_awards" title="List of Canadian awards">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_awards#Alberta" title="List of Canadian awards">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_awards#Manitoba" title="List of Canadian awards">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_awards#New_Brunswick" title="List of Canadian awards">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_awards#Ontario" title="List of Canadian awards">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_awards#Saskatchewan" title="List of Canadian awards">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchy_in_Canada188" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_monarchy" title="Template:Canadian monarchy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_monarchy" title="Template talk:Canadian monarchy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_monarchy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian monarchy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchy_in_Canada188" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarchy in Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Monarchy in the Canadian provinces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_British_Columbia" title="Monarchy in British Columbia">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Alberta" title="Monarchy in Alberta">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Saskatchewan" title="Monarchy in Saskatchewan">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Manitoba" title="Monarchy in Manitoba">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Ontario" title="Monarchy in Ontario">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Quebec" title="Monarchy in Quebec">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_New_Brunswick" title="Monarchy in New Brunswick">NB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Monarchy in Nova Scotia">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Monarchy in Prince Edward Island">PE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Monarchy in Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_monarchs" title="List of Canadian monarchs">Monarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General of Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_general_of_Canada" title="List of governors general of Canada">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(Canada)" title="Lieutenant governor (Canada)">Lieutenant governors in Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of British Columbia">BC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_British_Columbia" title="List of lieutenant governors of British Columbia">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Alberta">AB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Alberta" title="List of lieutenant governors of Alberta">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan">SK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Saskatchewan" title="List of lieutenant governors of Saskatchewan">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Manitoba">MB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Manitoba" title="List of lieutenant governors of Manitoba">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Ontario">ON</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Ontario" title="List of lieutenant governors of Ontario">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Quebec">QC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Quebec" title="List of lieutenant governors of Quebec">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of New Brunswick">NB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_New_Brunswick" title="List of lieutenant governors of New Brunswick">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">NS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of lieutenant governors of Nova Scotia">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island">PE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="List of lieutenant governors of Prince Edward Island">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lieutenant governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">List</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner#Canadian_territories" title="Commissioner">Territorial Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Vice-Regal_Appointments" title="Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments">Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitutional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada" title="Court system of Canada">King-on-the-Bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_(law)" title="Peace (law)">King's peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Crown_and_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces">The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Crown_and_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada">The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_copyright#Canada" title="Crown copyright">Crown copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations of Canada">Crown corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Consent" title="King's Consent">King's Consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Printer" title="King's Printer">King's Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_charter#Canada" title="Royal charter">Royal charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_royal_commissions" title="List of Canadian royal commissions">Royal commissions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonial and symbolic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapels_Royal#Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapels Royal">Chapels Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Collection" title="Crown Collection">Crown Collection</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Canada" title="Royal tours of Canada">Royal tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_tours_of_Canada_(18th%E2%80%9320th_centuries)" title="List of royal tours of Canada (18th–20th centuries)">1786–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_tours_of_Canada_(21st_century)" title="List of royal tours of Canada (21st century)">2000–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_address_by_the_British_monarch" title="Special address by the British monarch">Special address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_of_the_Canadian_sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="Style of the Canadian sovereign">Title and style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrones_of_Canada" title="Thrones of Canada">Thrones of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Coronation_Contingent" title="Canadian Coronation Contingent">Canadian Coronation Contingent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Secretary_to_the_King" title="Canadian Secretary to the King">Canadian Secretary to the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Canada" title="History of monarchy in Canada">History of monarchy in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_on_the_monarchy_in_Canada" title="Debate on the monarchy in Canada">Debate on the monarchy in Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canada559" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canada_topics" title="Template:Canada topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_topics" title="Template talk:Canada topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canada topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canada559" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada" title="History of Canada">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Canada" title="List of years in Canada">Year list</a></b> <br /><b>(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Canadian_history" title="Timeline of Canadian history">timeline</a>)</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the indigenous peoples of Canada">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France (1534–1763)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1763%E2%80%931867)" title="History of Canada (1763–1867)">British Canada (1763–1867)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Confederation_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931914)" title="Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)">Post-Confederation (1867–1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_the_world_wars_and_interwar_period" title="Canada in the world wars and interwar period">World wars and interwar period (1914–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1945%E2%80%931960)" title="History of Canada (1945–1960)">1945–1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1960%E2%80%931981)" title="History of Canada (1960–1981)">1960–1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1982%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Canada (1982–present)">since 1982</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada#History_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Topics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Canada" title="Constitutional history of Canada">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada_and_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada and the Indigenous peoples of Canada">Crown and Indigenous people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Canada" title="Economic history of Canada">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Canada" title="Name of Canada">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canadian_foreign_policy" title="History of Canadian foreign policy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_colonies_and_territories_in_Canada" title="Former colonies and territories in Canada">Former colonies and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_Canada" title="History of immigration to Canada">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada" title="Military history of Canada">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Canada" title="History of monarchy in Canada">Monarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persons_of_National_Historic_Significance" title="Persons of National Historic Significance">Persons of significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Canada" title="Racism in Canada">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Canada" title="History of women in Canada">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Provinces<br />and territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b>Provinces</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b>Territories</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Canada" title="Geography of Canada">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Canada" title="List of regions of Canada">Regions</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(west to east)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Shield" title="Canadian Shield">Canadian Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Canada" title="Central Canada">Central Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Maritimes" title="The Maritimes">The Maritimes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada#Geography_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Topics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Canada" title="List of cities in Canada">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Canada" title="List of earthquakes in Canada">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Canada" title="List of islands of Canada">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_peaks_of_Canada" title="Mountain peaks of Canada">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Canada" title="National parks of Canada">National Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Canada" title="List of rivers of Canada">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Canada" title="Wildlife of Canada">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Canada" title="Volcanism of Canada">Volcanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Canada" title="Law of Canada">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of prime ministers of Canada">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada" title="Court system of Canada">Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_peacekeeping" title="Canadian peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_government_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal government in Canada">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Canada" title="Foreign relations of Canada">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Politics37" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Canada" title="Human rights in Canada">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Canada" title="Feminism in Canada">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples" title="Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Canada" title="LGBTQ rights in Canada">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Canada" title="Multiculturalism in Canada">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Canada" title="Cannabis in Canada">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Canada" title="Firearms regulation in Canada">Firearms regulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Canada" title="Economy of Canada">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Canada" title="Agriculture in Canada">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming_in_Canada" title="Dairy farming in Canada">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture_in_Canada" title="Floriculture in Canada">Floriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Canada" title="Banking in Canada">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Dollar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Canada" title="Telecommunications in Canada">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Canada" title="List of companies of Canada">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Canada" title="Energy policy of Canada">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Canada" title="Fishing industry in Canada">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Canada" title="Oil reserves in Canada">Oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Canada" title="Petroleum industry in Canada">Petroleum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange" title="Toronto Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Canada" title="Taxation in Canada">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Canada" title="Tourism in Canada">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Canada" title="Transportation in Canada">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Canada" title="Science and technology in Canada">Science and tech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Canada" title="Demographics of Canada">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b>Topics</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_origins_of_people_in_Canada" title="Ethnic origins of people in Canada">Ethnicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_Canada" title="Disability in Canada">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" title="Immigration to Canada">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Canada" title="Languages of Canada">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_Canada" title="Population of Canada">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b>Lists</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">Metropolitan areas and agglomerations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population" title="List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_population_centres_in_Canada" title="List of the largest population centres in Canada">Population centres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Canada" title="Education in Canada">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Canada" title="Higher education in Canada">Higher education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Canada" title="Healthcare in Canada">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Canada" title="Abortion in Canada">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Canada" title="Euthanasia in Canada">Euthanasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Canada" title="Law enforcement in Canada">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Canada" title="Crime in Canada">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Canada" title="Corruption in Canada">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Canada" title="Terrorism in Canada">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Canada" title="Poverty in Canada">Poverty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Canada" title="Homelessness in Canada">Homelessness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_Canada" title="Social programs in Canada">Social programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_values" title="Canadian values">Values</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Canada" title="Culture of Canada">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Canada" title="Architecture of Canada">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_art" title="Canadian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_folklore" title="Canadian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Canada" title="Public holidays in Canada">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_identity" title="Canadian identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Canadians" title="Lists of Canadians">Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_inventions,_innovations,_and_discoveries" title="List of Canadian inventions, innovations, and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_literature" title="Canadian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada" title="Music of Canada">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cultural_protectionism" title="Canadian cultural protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Canada" title="Sports in Canada">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Canada" title="Theatre of Canada">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Symbols44" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Canada" title="National symbols of Canada">Symbols</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O_Canada" title="O Canada">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada" title="Coat of arms of Canada">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_flags" title="List of Canadian flags">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_symbols" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols">Provincial and territorial</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_heraldry" title="Canadian heraldry">Heraldic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_tartans_of_Canada" title="Regional tartans of Canada">Tartans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Canada-related_articles" title="Index of Canada-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canada-related_topics_by_provinces_and_territories" title="List of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories">Topics by provinces and territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canada" title="Bibliography of Canada">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Canada" title="Historiography of Canada">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_historians" title="List of Canadian historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_studies" title="Canadian studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Canada" title="International rankings of Canada">Indices</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Canada" title="Category:Canada">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&oldid=1257663488#Canadian_Royal_Crown">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&oldid=1257663488#Canadian_Royal_Crown</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Category:Monarchy of Canada">Monarchy of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Canada" title="Category:National symbols of Canada">National symbols of Canada</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 01:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_royal_symbols&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile#Canadian_Royal_Crown" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian royal symbols</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>1 language</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-rsm6h","wgBackendResponseTime":153,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.039","walltime":"1.281","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5195,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":232442,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4551,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":266853,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1054.260 1 -total"," 42.40% 447.054 2 Template:Reflist"," 23.58% 248.643 32 Template:Cite_web"," 11.23% 118.362 1 Template:Culture_of_Canada_sidebar"," 10.81% 114.006 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 10.52% 110.933 2 Template:Lang"," 7.55% 79.644 18 Template:Citation"," 7.51% 79.189 10 Template:Navbox"," 7.09% 74.753 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.12% 64.537 5 Template:Sfn"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.671","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18079167,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBousfieldToffoli\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBousfieldToffoli,_Gary2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCanadian_Crown\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChampion2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavis,_Hubert_(director)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDepartment_of_Canadian_Heritage\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFDepartment_of_Canadian_Heritage2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDepartment_of_Canadian_Heritage2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDepartment_of_National_Defence\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDepartment_of_National_Defence1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGruffydd2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHello!2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIvison2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLibrary_and_Archives_Canada\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMacKinnon1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacLeod2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCreery\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connor2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOffice_of_the_Governor_General_of_Canada\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFOffice_of_the_Governor_General_of_Canada2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOffice_of_the_Governor_General_of_Canada2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOffice_of_the_Lieutenant_Governor_of_Saskatchewan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalmer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParliament_of_Canada\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFPatrick1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPikeMcCreery2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPublic_Works_and_Government_Services_Canada\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRayburn\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoyal_Canadian_Mounted_Police\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuch1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSenate_of_Canada2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTrepanier2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVlessing2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilley\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Annotated image 4\"] = 4,\n [\"Canada topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Canadian monarchy\"] = 1,\n [\"Canadian royal symbols\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 18,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite court\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite map\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 32,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"Culture of Canada sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Canadian Royal Symbols\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 6,\n [\"Lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 3,\n [\"Notefoot\"] = 1,\n [\"Notetag\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 5,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-868759585b-gc7rk","timestamp":"20250214043438","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Canadian royal symbols","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadian_royal_symbols#Canadian_Royal_Crown","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5030875","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5030875","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-05-17T18:19:19Z","dateModified":"2024-11-16T01:55:10Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0d\/Transparentcanadacultureicon.png","headline":"Symbols of the Monarchy in Canada"}</script> </body> </html>