CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>First Intifada - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7aec6a00-d154-4a19-92c3-d1d43c5c1308","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"First_Intifada","wgTitle":"First Intifada","wgCurRevisionId":1272662257,"wgRevisionId":1272662257,"wgArticleId":71712,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the EasyTimeline extension","Pages with reference errors","Webarchive template wayback links","Pages with broken reference names","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages","Use dmy dates from January 2021","EngvarB from January 2021","Articles containing Arabic-language text","Commons category link from Wikidata","First Intifada","1987 in the Israeli Civil Administration area", "20th-century conflicts","Civil disobedience","Ethnic riots","Intifadas","Israeli–Palestinian conflict","Protests in the Israeli Civil Administration area","Rebellions in Asia","Riots and civil disorder in Israel","Stone-throwing in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"First_Intifada","wgRelevantArticleId":71712,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q49105","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.timeline.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.timeline.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/1200px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="782"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/800px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="521"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/640px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="417"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="First Intifada - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intifada"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intifada"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-First_Intifada rootpage-First_Intifada skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=First+Intifada" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=First+Intifada" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=First+Intifada" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=First+Intifada" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Background subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trigger_for_the_uprising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trigger_for_the_uprising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Trigger for the uprising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trigger_for_the_uprising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_the_Intifada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_the_Intifada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Timeline of the Intifada</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline_of_the_Intifada-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Timeline of the Intifada subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_the_Intifada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israel's_occupation_and_Palestinian_unrest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel's_occupation_and_Palestinian_unrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Israel's occupation and Palestinian unrest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel's_occupation_and_Palestinian_unrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Casualties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinian_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Palestinian leadership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Palestinian_leadership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Palestinian leadership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pivot_to_the_two-state_solution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pivot_to_the_two-state_solution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pivot to the two-state solution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pivot_to_the_two-state_solution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_notable_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_notable_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other notable events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_notable_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other notable events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_notable_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assassination_of_Abu_Jihad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination_of_Abu_Jihad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Assassination of Abu Jihad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination_of_Abu_Jihad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990_Temple_Mount_killings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990_Temple_Mount_killings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>1990 Temple Mount killings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990_Temple_Mount_killings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_by_the_United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_by_the_United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Response by the United Nations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Response_by_the_United_Nations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Response by the United Nations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Response_by_the_United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Security_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Security Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_and_outcome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_and_outcome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Reactions and outcome</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions_and_outcome-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reactions and outcome subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions_and_outcome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Impact_on_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_on_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Impact on Israeli-Palestinian conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_on_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_on_Israel's_reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_on_Israel's_reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Impact on Israel's reputation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_on_Israel's_reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jordan_severs_ties_with_the_West_Bank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jordan_severs_ties_with_the_West_Bank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Jordan severs ties with the West Bank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordan_severs_ties_with_the_West_Bank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_the_Palestinian_uprisings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_the_Palestinian_uprisings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Timeline of the Palestinian uprisings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_the_Palestinian_uprisings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">First Intifada</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="الانتفاضة الفلسطينية الأولى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الانتفاضة الفلسطينية الأولى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_Intifada" title="Primer Intifada – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Primer Intifada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%87" title="بیرینجی اینتیفاضه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیرینجی اینتیفاضه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রথম ইন্তিফাদা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রথম ইন্তিফাদা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Първа интифада – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Първа интифада" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prva_intifada" title="Prva intifada – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prva intifada" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_intifada" title="Primera intifada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Primera intifada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvn%C3%AD_intif%C3%A1da" title="První intifáda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="První intifáda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intifada_Cyntaf_Palesteina" title="Intifada Cyntaf Palesteina – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Intifada Cyntaf Palesteina" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_intifada" title="Første intifada – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Første intifada" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erste_Intifada" title="Erste Intifada – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erste Intifada" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%99%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Πρώτη Ιντιφάντα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρώτη Ιντιφάντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Intifada" title="Primera Intifada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Primera Intifada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehenengo_Intifada" title="Lehenengo Intifada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lehenengo Intifada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="انتفاضه اول – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتفاضه اول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_intifada" title="Première intifada – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Première intifada" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeira_Intifada" title="Primeira Intifada – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Primeira Intifada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%B0%A8_%EC%9D%B8%ED%8B%B0%ED%8C%8C%EB%8B%A4" title="제1차 인티파다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제1차 인티파다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intifadah_Pertama" title="Intifadah Pertama – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Intifadah Pertama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_intifada" title="Prima intifada – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prima intifada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="האינתיפאדה הראשונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האינתיפאדה הראשונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="პირველი ინტიფადა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პირველი ინტიფადა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirmoji_intifada" title="Pirmoji intifada – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pirmoji intifada" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Els%C5%91_intif%C3%A1da" title="Első intifáda – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Első intifáda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%87%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6" title="ഒന്നാം ഇൻതിഫാദ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒന്നാം ഇൻതിഫാദ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intifadah_Pertama" title="Intifadah Pertama – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Intifadah Pertama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intifadah_Patamo" title="Intifadah Patamo – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Intifadah Patamo" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E6%AC%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80" title="第1次インティファーダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第1次インティファーダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_intifada" title="Første intifada – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Første intifada" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="انتفاضہ اول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انتفاضہ اول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierwsza_intifada" title="Pierwsza intifada – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pierwsza intifada" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeira_Intifada" title="Primeira Intifada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeira Intifada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_Intifada" title="Prima Intifada – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Prima Intifada" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Первая палестинская интифада – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Первая палестинская интифада" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryengritja_e_Par%C3%AB" title="Kryengritja e Parë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kryengritja e Parë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Palestinian_Uprising" title="First Palestinian Uprising – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="First Palestinian Uprising" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prv%C3%A1_intif%C3%A1da" title="Prvá intifáda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prvá intifáda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intifada" title="Intifada – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Intifada" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ڕاپەڕینی یەکەمی فەلەستین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕاپەڕینی یەکەمی فەلەستین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Прва интифада – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прва интифада" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prva_Intifada" title="Prva Intifada – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prva Intifada" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensimm%C3%A4inen_intifada" title="Ensimmäinen intifada – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ensimmäinen intifada" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rsta_intifadan" title="Första intifadan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Första intifadan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unang_Intifada" title="Unang Intifada – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unang Intifada" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birinci_%C4%B0ntifada" title="Birinci İntifada – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birinci İntifada" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Перша палестинська інтифада – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перша палестинська інтифада" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="انتفاضہ اول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انتفاضہ اول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" title="第一次巴勒斯坦大起義 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第一次巴勒斯坦大起義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49105#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:First_Intifada" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Intifada&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Intifada&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Intifada&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Intifada&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/First_Intifada" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/First_Intifada" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Intifada&oldid=1272662257" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Intifada&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=First_Intifada&id=1272662257&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFirst_Intifada"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFirst_Intifada"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=First_Intifada&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Intifada&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:First_Intifada" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49105" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-confirmed-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1987–1993 Palestinian uprising against Israel</div> <p class="PIA-flag" style="display:none; visibility:hidden;">This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.</p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1987–1993 Palestinian uprising against Israel. For the 1999–2004 Sahrawi uprising against Morocco, see <a href="/wiki/First_Sahrawi_Intifada" title="First Sahrawi Intifada">First Sahrawi Intifada</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">First Intifada</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip,_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/300px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/450px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/600px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1478" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jabalya1988roadblock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jabalya1988roadblock.jpg/300px-Jabalya1988roadblock.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jabalya1988roadblock.jpg/450px-Jabalya1988roadblock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Jabalya1988roadblock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="344" /></a></span><br /><b>Top, bottom:</b><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Palestinian protestors confront Israeli troops in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a>, 1987</li><li>Israeli military checkpoint near <a href="/wiki/Jabalia" title="Jabalia">Jabalia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, 1988</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>9 December 1987 – 13 September 1993<br />(5 years, 9 months and 5 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Israel</li><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Occupied Palestinian Territory</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Uprising suppressed<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference</a> (1991)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_I_Accord" title="Oslo I Accord">Oslo I Accord</a> (1993)<div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_Liberation_Organization_letters_of_recognition" title="Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition">Israel–PLO Letters of Mutual Recognition</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> Creation of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank_Areas_in_the_Oslo_II_Accord" class="mw-redirect" title="West Bank Areas in the Oslo II Accord">West Bank "Areas"</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_II_Accord" title="Oslo II Accord">Oslo II Accord</a> in 1995</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Palestine_-_short_triangle.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine_-_short_triangle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Palestine_-_short_triangle.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine_-_short_triangle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Palestine_-_short_triangle.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine_-_short_triangle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Unified_National_Leadership_of_the_Uprising" title="Unified National Leadership of the Uprising">Al-Qiyada al-Muwhhada</a><div><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg/23px-Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg/35px-Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg/46px-Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="716" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg/23px-Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg/35px-Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg/45px-Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="447" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a> (PFLP)</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a> (DFLP)</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/23px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/35px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/45px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_People%27s_Party" title="Palestinian People's Party">Palestinian Communist Party</a></li></ul></div><hr /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg/23px-Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg/35px-Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg/46px-Flag_of_al-Qassam_Brigades.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/InfoboxPIJ.svg/23px-InfoboxPIJ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/InfoboxPIJ.svg/35px-InfoboxPIJ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/InfoboxPIJ.svg/45px-InfoboxPIJ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Herzog" title="Chaim Herzog">Chaim Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezer_Weizman" title="Ezer Weizman">Ezer Weizman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Shomron" title="Dan Shomron">Dan Shomron</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_Barghouti" title="Marwan Barghouti">Marwan Barghouti</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 179–200 killed by Palestinians<sup id="cite_ref-Nasrallah56_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasrallah56-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 1,962 killed<sup id="cite_ref-Kober_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kober-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div><ul><li>1,603 killed by Israelis<sup id="cite_ref-Kober_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kober-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>359 killed by Palestinians<sup id="cite_ref-Kober_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kober-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Palestinian_Intifada1148" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Intifada" title="Template:First Intifada"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Intifada" title="Template talk:First Intifada"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Intifada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Intifada"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Palestinian_Intifada1148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">First Palestinian Intifada</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jericho_bus_firebombing" title="Jericho bus firebombing">Jericho bus firebombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Avi_Sasportas_and_Ilan_Saadon" class="mw-redirect" title="Murders of Avi Sasportas and Ilan Saadon">Murders of Avi Sasportas and Ilan Saadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Binyamin_Meisner" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Binyamin Meisner">Death of Binyamin Meisner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv%E2%80%93Jerusalem_bus_405_suicide_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus 405 suicide attack">Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus 405 suicide attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Temple Mount riots">1990 Temple Mount riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_exodus_from_Kuwait_(1990%E2%80%9391)" title="Palestinian exodus from Kuwait (1990–91)">Palestinian exodus from Kuwait (1990–91)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehola_Junction_bombing" title="Mehola Junction bombing">Mehola Junction bombing</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">Suicide attacks</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>First Intifada</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الانتفاضة الأولى</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Intifāḍa al-’Ūlā</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'The First Uprising'), also known as the <b>First Palestinian Intifada</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Nasrallah56_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasrallah56-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alimi2006_1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alimi2006_1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a sustained series of <a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance" title="Nonviolent resistance">non-violent protests</a>, acts of <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a> and riots carried out by <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli-occupied</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> and Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-King_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was motivated by collective Palestinian frustration over Israel's military occupation of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> as it approached a twenty-year mark, having begun in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967 Arab–Israeli War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LockmanBeinin1989_5_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LockmanBeinin1989_5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The uprising lasted from December 1987 until the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference of 1991</a>, though some date its conclusion to 1993, the year the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> were signed.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasrallah56_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasrallah56-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Intifada began on 9 December 1987<sup id="cite_ref-EdSaid_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EdSaid-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Jabalia_refugee_camp" title="Jabalia refugee camp">Jabalia refugee camp</a> after an Israeli truck driver collided with parked civilian vehicles, killing four Palestinian workers, three of whom were from the refugee camp.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman201141_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman201141-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-accident_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accident-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palestinians charged that the collision was a deliberate response for the killing of an Israeli in Gaza days earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel denied that the crash, which came at time of heightened tensions, was intentional or coordinated.<sup id="cite_ref-accident_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accident-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Palestinian response was characterized by protests, civil disobedience, and violence.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barricade" title="Barricade">barricading</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and widespread <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_stone-throwing" title="Palestinian stone-throwing">throwing of stones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktail" title="Molotov cocktail">Molotov cocktails</a> at the Israeli army and its infrastructure within the West Bank and Gaza Strip. These contrasted with civil efforts including general strikes, boycotts of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Civil_Administration" title="Israeli Civil Administration">Israeli Civil Administration</a> institutions in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, an economic boycott consisting of refusal to work in <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a> on Israeli products, refusal to pay taxes, and refusal to drive Palestinian cars with Israeli licenses. </p><p>Israel deployed some 80,000 soldiers <a href="/wiki/Israeli_responses_to_the_First_Intifada" title="Israeli responses to the First Intifada">in response</a>. Israeli countermeasures, which initially included the use of live rounds frequently in cases of riots, were criticized by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> as disproportionate, in addition to Israel's excessive use of lethal force.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first 13 months, 332 Palestinians and 12 Israelis were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Cronin_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cronin-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pearlman_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pearlman-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Images of soldiers beating adolescents with clubs then led to the adoption of firing semi-lethal plastic bullets.<sup id="cite_ref-Cronin_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cronin-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the whole six-year intifada, the Israeli army killed at least 1,087 Palestinians, of which 240 were children.<sup id="cite_ref-BTF_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTF-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among Israelis, 100 civilians and 60 Israeli soldiers were killed,<sup id="cite_ref-btsestat_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-btsestat-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> often by militants outside the control of the Intifada's <a href="/wiki/Unified_National_Leadership_of_the_Uprising" title="Unified National Leadership of the Uprising">UNLU</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FaberKaldor_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FaberKaldor-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more than 1,400 Israeli civilians and 1,700 soldiers were injured.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intra-Palestinian violence was also a prominent feature of the Intifada, with widespread executions of an estimated 822 Palestinians killed as alleged Israeli <a href="/wiki/Collaborationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaborationism">collaborators</a> (1988–April 1994).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time Israel reportedly obtained information from some 18,000 Palestinians who had been compromised,<sup id="cite_ref-Pal_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pal-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although fewer than half had any proven contact with the Israeli authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-LockmanBeinin1989_38_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LockmanBeinin1989_38-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ensuing <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> took place from September 2000 to 2005. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Awad" title="Mubarak Awad">Mubarak Awad</a>, a Palestinian American clinical psychologist, the Intifada was a protest against Israeli repression including "beatings, shootings, killings, house demolitions, uprooting of trees, deportations, extended imprisonments, and detentions without trial".<sup id="cite_ref-AckermanDuVall2000_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AckermanDuVall2000-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the years prior to the Intifada, Awad had been "among the keenest advocates for nonviolent struggle", founding the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Centre_for_the_Study_of_Nonviolence" title="Palestinian Centre for the Study of Nonviolence">Palestinian Center for the Study of Nonviolence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-King_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Israel's capture of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> from <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> in 1967, frustration grew among Palestinians in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli-occupied territories</a>. Israel opened its labor market to Palestinians in the newly occupied territories, who were recruited mainly to do unskilled or semi-skilled labor jobs Israelis did not want. By the time of the Intifada, over 40 percent of the Palestinian workforce worked in Israel daily. Additionally, Israeli expropriation of Palestinian land, high birthrates in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and the limited allocation of land for new building and agriculture created conditions marked by growing population density and rising unemployment, even for those with university degrees. At the time of the Intifada, only one in eight college-educated Palestinians could find degree-related work.<sup id="cite_ref-AckermanDuVall2000_401_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AckermanDuVall2000_401-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was coupled with an expansion of a Palestinian university system catering to people from refugee camps, villages, and small towns, generating a new Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Elite" title="Elite">elite</a> from a lower social strata that was more activistic and confrontational with Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Israeli historian and diplomat <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Ben-Ami" title="Shlomo Ben-Ami">Shlomo Ben-Ami</a> in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Scars_of_War,_Wounds_of_Peace" title="Scars of War, Wounds of Peace">Scars of War, Wounds of Peace</a></i>, the Intifada was also a rebellion against the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO). Ben-Ami describes the PLO as uncompromising and reliant on international terrorism, which he says exacerbated Palestinian grievances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Ami2006189_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Ami2006189-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Israeli Labor Party</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Defense Minister</a>, added deportations in August 1985 to Israel's "Iron Fist" policy of cracking down on Palestinian nationalism.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This, which led to 50 deportations in the following 4 years,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was accompanied by economic integration and increasing Israeli <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settler">settlements</a>, such that the Jewish settler population in the West Bank alone nearly doubled from 35,000 in 1984 to 64,000 in 1988, reaching 130,000 by the mid-nineties.<sup id="cite_ref-BM1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Referring to the developments, Israeli minister of Economics and Finance, <a href="/wiki/Gad_Yaacobi" title="Gad Yaacobi">Gad Ya'acobi</a>, stated that "a creeping process of <i>de facto</i> annexation" contributed to a growing militancy in Palestinian society.<sup id="cite_ref-LockmanBeinin1989_32_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LockmanBeinin1989_32-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1980s a number of mainstream Israeli politicians referred to policies of transferring the Palestinian population out of the territories, leading to Palestinian fears that Israel planned to evict them. Public statements calling for transfer of the Palestinian population were made by Deputy Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dekel" title="Michael Dekel">Michael Dekel</a>, Cabinet Minister <a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Tzipori" title="Mordechai Tzipori">Mordechai Tzipori</a> and government Minister <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Shapira" title="Yosef Shapira">Yosef Shapira</a> among others.<sup id="cite_ref-BM1_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Describing the causes of the Intifada, <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a> refers to the "all-pervading element of humiliation", caused by the protracted occupation which he says was "always a brutal and mortifying experience for the occupied" and was "founded on brute force, repression and fear, collaboration and treachery, beatings and torture chambers, and daily intimidation, humiliation, and manipulation."<sup id="cite_ref-BM2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BM2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trigger_for_the_uprising">Trigger for the uprising</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip_(FL45884553).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip_%28FL45884553%29.jpg/220px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip_%28FL45884553%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip_%28FL45884553%29.jpg/330px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip_%28FL45884553%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip_%28FL45884553%29.jpg/440px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip_%28FL45884553%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1420" data-file-height="2117" /></a><figcaption>Protests in the Gaza Strip at the onset of the First Intifada in 1987</figcaption></figure> <p>While the catalyst for the First Intifada is generally dated to a truck incident involving several Palestinian fatalities at the Erez Crossing in December 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-neff_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neff-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mazin_Qumsiyeh" title="Mazin Qumsiyeh">Mazin Qumsiyeh</a> argues, against <a href="/wiki/Donald_Neff" title="Donald Neff">Donald Neff</a>, that it began with multiple youth demonstrations earlier in the preceding month.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources consider that the perceived IDF failure in late November 1987 to stop a Palestinian guerrilla operation, the <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Gliders" title="Night of the Gliders">Night of the Gliders</a>, in which six Israeli soldiers were killed, helped catalyze local Palestinians to rebel.<sup id="cite_ref-neff_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neff-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shai2005_74_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shai2005_74-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oren_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oren-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mass demonstrations had <a href="/wiki/December_1986_Birzeit_University_protests" title="December 1986 Birzeit University protests">occurred a year earlier</a> when, after two Gaza students at <a href="/wiki/Birzeit_University" title="Birzeit University">Birzeit University</a> had been shot by Israeli soldiers on campus on 4 December 1986, the Israelis responded with harsh punitive measures, involving summary arrest, detention, and systematic beatings of handcuffed Palestinian youths, ex-prisoners and activists, some 250 of whom were detained in four cells inside a converted army camp, known popularly as <a href="/wiki/Ansar,_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansar, Lebanon">Ansar 11</a>, outside Gaza City.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A policy of deportation was introduced to intimidate activists in January 1987. Violence simmered as a schoolboy from <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a> was shot dead by Israeli soldiers pursuing him in a Jeep. Over the summer the IDF's Lieutenant Ron Tal, who was responsible for guarding detainees at Ansar 11, was shot dead at point-blank range while stuck in a Gaza traffic jam. A curfew forbidding Gaza residents from leaving their homes was imposed for three days, during the Islamic holiday of <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a>. In two incidents on 1 and 6 October 1987, the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> ambushed and killed seven Gaza men, reportedly affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Movement_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine">Islamic Jihad</a>, who had escaped from prison in May.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some days later, a 17-year-old schoolgirl, Intisar al-'Attar, was shot in the back while in her schoolyard in <a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah" title="Deir al-Balah">Deir al-Balah</a> by a settler in the Gaza Strip, who claimed the girl had been throwing stones.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arab summit in <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a> in November 1987 focused on the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a>, and the Palestinian issue was shunted to the sidelines for the first time in years.<sup id="cite_ref-Shalev1991_33_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shalev1991_33-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NassarHeacock1990_31_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NassarHeacock1990_31-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_the_Intifada">Timeline of the Intifada</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intifada_erase_slogan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Intifada_erase_slogan.jpg/220px-Intifada_erase_slogan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Intifada_erase_slogan.jpg/330px-Intifada_erase_slogan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Intifada_erase_slogan.jpg/440px-Intifada_erase_slogan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption>An IDF soldier requesting a resident of Jabalia to erase a slogan on a wall during the First Intifada.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel's_occupation_and_Palestinian_unrest"><span id="Israel.27s_occupation_and_Palestinian_unrest"></span>Israel's occupation and Palestinian unrest</h3></div> <p>Israel's drive into the occupied territories had occasioned spontaneous acts of resistance, but the administration, pursuing an "iron fist" policy of collective punishment including deportations, <a href="/wiki/House_demolition_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="House demolition in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">demolition of homes</a>, curfews, <a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">collective punishment</a>, and the suppression of political and educational institutions, was confident that Palestinian resistance was exhausted. The assessment that the unrest would collapse proved to be mistaken.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TireNail1-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/TireNail1-2.jpg/220px-TireNail1-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/TireNail1-2.jpg/330px-TireNail1-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/TireNail1-2.jpg/440px-TireNail1-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="1482" /></a><figcaption>An improvised <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tire</a>-puncturing device (slang term 'Ninja') comprising an iron nail inserted into a rubber disc (from used tire). Many of these makeshift weapons were scattered by Palestinians on main roads in the occupied territories of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> during the First Intifada.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 8 December 1987, an Israeli truck crashed into a row of cars containing Palestinians returning from working in Israel, at the <a href="/wiki/Erez_Crossing" title="Erez Crossing">Erez checkpoint</a>. Four Palestinians, three of them residents of the <a href="/wiki/Jabaliya_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabaliya Camp">Jabalya</a> refugee camp, the largest of the eight refugee camps in the Gaza Strip, were killed and seven others seriously injured. The traffic incident was witnessed by hundreds of Palestinian labourers returning home from work.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The funerals, attended by 10,000 people from the camp that evening, quickly led to a large demonstration. Rumours swept the camp that the incident was an act of intentional retaliation for the stabbing to death of an Israeli businessman, killed while shopping in Gaza two days earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day, December 9, Palestinian teenagers threw stones and, according to the IDF, also gasoline bombs,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at military vehicles. The soldiers started shooting in response, killing 17 year-old Hatem Al-Sesi and wounding 16 others.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 December, several popular and professional Palestinian leaders held a press conference in West Jerusalem with the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_League_for_Human_and_Civil_Rights" title="Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights">Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights</a> in response to the deterioration of the situation. While they convened, reports came in that demonstrations at the Jabalya camp were underway and that a 17-year-old Palestinian had been shot to death by Israeli soldiers (after, as the IDF claimed, a group of Palestinians threw gasoline bombs at an IDF vehicle). He would later become known as the first <a href="/wiki/Shahid" title="Shahid">martyr</a> of the Intifada.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Intifada,_p284_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intifada,_p284-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protests rapidly spread into the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Youths took control of neighbourhoods, closed off camps with barricades of garbage, stone and <a href="/wiki/Burning_tires" class="mw-redirect" title="Burning tires">burning tires</a>, meeting soldiers who endeavoured to break through with petrol bombs. Palestinian shopkeepers closed their businesses, and labourers refused to turn up to their work in Israel. Israel defined these activities as 'riots', and justified the repression as necessary to restore 'law and order'.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within days the occupied territories were engulfed in a wave of demonstrations and commercial strikes on an unprecedented scale. Specific elements of the occupation were targeted for attack: military vehicles, Israeli buses and Israeli banks. None of the dozen Israeli settlements were attacked and there were no Israeli fatalities from stone-throwing at cars at this early period of the outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Equally unprecedented was the extent of mass participation in these disturbances: tens of thousands of civilians, including <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_First_Intifada" title="Women in the First Intifada">women</a> and children. The Israeli security forces used the full panoply of crowd control measures to try and quell the disturbances: cudgels, nightsticks, <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a>, water cannons, rubber bullets, and live ammunition. But the disturbances only gathered momentum.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim2000_450-451_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim2000_450-451-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon there was widespread <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_stone-throwing" title="Palestinian stone-throwing">rock-throwing</a>, road-blocking and tire burning throughout the territories. By 12 December, six Palestinians had died and 30 had been injured in the violence. The next day, rioters threw a gasoline bomb at the U.S. consulate in <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, though no one was hurt.<sup id="cite_ref-Intifada,_p284_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intifada,_p284-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_responses_to_the_First_Intifada" title="Israeli responses to the First Intifada">Israeli police and military response</a> also led to a number of injuries and deaths. The IDF killed many Palestinians at the beginning of the Intifada, the majority killed during demonstrations and riots. Since initially a high proportion of those killed were civilians and youths, Yitzhak Rabin adopted a fallback policy of 'might, power and beatings'.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel used <a href="/wiki/Mass_arrest" title="Mass arrest">mass arrests</a> of Palestinians, engaged in collective punishments like <a href="/wiki/Education_during_the_First_Intifada" title="Education during the First Intifada">closing down</a> West Bank universities for most years of the Intifada, and West Bank schools for a total of 12 months. <a href="/wiki/Hebron_University" title="Hebron University">Hebron University</a> was closed by the army from January 1988 to June 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Round-the-clock curfews were imposed over 1600 times in just the first year. Communities were cut off from supplies of water, electricity and fuel. At any one time, 25,000 Palestinians would be confined to their homes. Trees were uprooted on Palestinians farms, and agricultural produce blocked from being sold. In the first year over 1,000 Palestinians had their homes either demolished or blocked up. Settlers also engaged in private attacks on Palestinians. Palestinian refusals to pay taxes were met with confiscations of property and licenses, new car taxes, and heavy fines for any family whose members had been identified as stone-throwers.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties">Casualties</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arton8011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Arton8011.jpg/220px-Arton8011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Arton8011.jpg/330px-Arton8011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Arton8011.jpg/440px-Arton8011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>Barricades during the Intifada</figcaption></figure> <p>In the first year in the Gaza Strip alone, 142 Palestinians were killed, while no Israelis died. 77 were shot dead, and 37 died from tear-gas inhalation. 17 died from beatings at the hand of Israeli police or soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-Filiu_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filiu-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the whole six-year intifada, the Israeli army killed from 1,087 to 1,204 (or 1,284)<sup id="cite_ref-BTF_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BTF-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nasrallah61_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasrallah61-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DAMH_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAMH-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palestinians, 241/332<sup id="cite_ref-DAMH_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAMH-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being children. Tens of thousands were arrested (some sources said 57,000;<sup id="cite_ref-Cronin_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cronin-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DAMH_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAMH-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> others said 120,000),<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 481 were deported while 2,532 had their houses razed to the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-DAMH_68-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAMH-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between December 1987 and June 1991, 120,000 were injured, 15,000 arrested and 1,882 homes demolished.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One journalistic calculation reports that in the Gaza Strip alone from 1988 to 1993, some 60,706 Palestinians suffered injuries from shootings, beatings or tear gas.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasrallah_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasrallah-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first five weeks alone, 35 Palestinians were killed and some 1,200 wounded. Some regarded the Israeli response as encouraging more Palestinians into participating.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a> calculated 179 Israelis killed, while official Israeli statistics place the total at 200 over the same period. 3,100 Israelis, 1,700 of them soldiers, and 1,400 civilians suffered injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasrallah_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasrallah-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1990 <a href="/wiki/Ktzi%27ot_Prison" title="Ktzi'ot Prison">Ktzi'ot Prison</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a> held approximately one out of every 50 West Bank and Gazan males older than 16 years.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Kaufman" title="Gerald Kaufman">Gerald Kaufman</a> remarked: "[F]riends of Israel as well as foes have been shocked and saddened by that country's response to the disturbances."<sup id="cite_ref-McDowall1989_2b_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDowall1989_2b-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an article in the London Review of Books, <a href="/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer">John Mearsheimer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Walt" title="Stephen Walt">Stephen Walt</a> asserted that IDF soldiers were given <a href="/wiki/Baton_(law_enforcement)" title="Baton (law enforcement)">truncheons</a> and encouraged to break the bones of Palestinian protesters. The <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> branch of <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children" title="Save the Children">Save the Children</a> estimated that "23,600 to 29,900 children required medical treatment for their beating injuries in the first two years of the Intifada", one third of whom were children under the age of ten years.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israel adopted a policy of arresting key representatives of Palestinian institutions. After lawyers in Gaza went on strike to protest their inability to visit their detained clients, Israel detained the deputy head of its association without trial for six months. Dr. Zakariya al-Agha, the head of the Gaza Medical Association, was likewise arrested and held for a similar period of detention, as were several women active in Women's Work Committees. During Ramadan, many camps in Gaza were placed under curfew for weeks, impeding residents from buying food, and <a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_(camp)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shati (camp)">Al-Shati</a>, Jabalya and <a href="/wiki/Bureij" title="Bureij">Burayj</a> were subjected to saturation bombing by tear gas. During the first year of the Intifada, the total number of casualties in the camps from such bombing totalled 16.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1988 and 1992, intra-Palestinian violence claimed the lives of nearly 1,000.<sup id="cite_ref-phrmg_collaborators_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phrmg_collaborators-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By June 1990, according to <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>, "[T]he Intifada seemed to have lost direction. A symptom of the PLO's frustration was the great increase in the killing of suspected collaborators."<sup id="cite_ref-Morris1999_612_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris1999_612-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roughly 18,000 Palestinians, compromised by Israeli intelligence, are said to have given information to the other side.<sup id="cite_ref-Pal_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pal-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Collaborators were threatened with death or ostracism unless they desisted, and if their collaboration with the Occupying Power continued, were executed by special troops such as the "Black Panthers" and "Red Eagles". An estimated 771 (according to <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>) to 942 (according to the IDF) Palestinians were executed on suspicion of collaboration during the span of the Intifada.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palestinian_leadership">Palestinian leadership</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_First_Intifada" title="Women in the First Intifada">Women in the First Intifada</a></div> <p>The Intifada was not initiated by any single individual or organization. Local leadership came from groups and organizations affiliated with the PLO that operated within the Occupied Territories; <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Democratic Front</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Communist_Party" title="Palestine Communist Party">Palestine Communist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LockmanBeinin1989_39_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LockmanBeinin1989_39-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PLO's rivals in this activity were the Islamic organizations, <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Movement_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine">Islamic Jihad</a> as well as local leadership in cities such as <a href="/wiki/Beit_Sahour" title="Beit Sahour">Beit Sahour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>. However, the Intifada was predominantly led by community councils led by <a href="/wiki/Hanan_Ashrawi" title="Hanan Ashrawi">Hanan Ashrawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faisal_Husseini" title="Faisal Husseini">Faisal Husseini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haidar_Abdel-Shafi" title="Haidar Abdel-Shafi">Haidar Abdel-Shafi</a>, that promoted independent networks for education (underground schools as the regular schools were closed by the military in reprisal), medical care, and food aid.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Unified_National_Leadership_of_the_Uprising" title="Unified National Leadership of the Uprising">Unified National Leadership of the Uprising</a> (UNLU) gained credibility where the Palestinian society complied with the issued communiques.<sup id="cite_ref-LockmanBeinin1989_39_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LockmanBeinin1989_39-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a collective commitment to abstain from lethal violence, a notable departure from past practice,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which, according to Shalev arose from a calculation that recourse to arms would lead to an Israeli bloodbath and undermine the support they had in Israeli liberal quarters. The PLO and its chairman Yassir Arafat had also decided on an unarmed strategy, in the expectation that negotiations at that time would lead to an agreement with Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Filiu_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filiu-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The First Intifada was largely peaceful and non-violent, and it has been described as a "quiet revolution" by <a href="/wiki/Mary_King_(political_scientist)" title="Mary King (political scientist)">Mary King</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-King_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pearlman attributes the non-violent character of the uprising to the movement's internal organization and its capillary outreach to neighborhood committees that ensured that lethal revenge would not be the response even in the face of Israeli state repression.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hamas and Islamic Jihad cooperated with the leadership at the outset, and throughout the first year of the uprising conducted no armed attacks, except for the stabbing of a soldier in October 1988, and the detonation of two roadside bombs, which had no impact.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pivot_to_the_two-state_solution">Pivot to the two-state solution</h3></div> <p>Leaflets publicizing the Intifada's aims demanded the complete withdrawal of Israel from the territories it had occupied in 1967: the lifting of curfews and checkpoints; it appealed to Palestinians to join in civic resistance, while asking them not to employ arms, since military resistance would only invite devastating retaliation from Israel; it also called for the establishment of the Palestinian state on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, abandoning the standard rhetorical calls, still current at the time, for the "liberation" of all of Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_notable_events">Other notable events</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assassination_of_Abu_Jihad">Assassination of Abu Jihad</h3></div> <p>On 16 April 1988, a leader of the PLO, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Jihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Jihad">Khalil al-Wazir, <i>nom de guerre</i> Abu Jihad or 'Father of the Struggle'</a>, was assassinated in <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> by an Israeli commando squad. Israel claimed he was the 'remote-control "main organizer" of the revolt', and perhaps believed that his death would break the back of the Intifada. During the mass demonstrations and mourning in Gaza that followed, two of the main mosques of Gaza were raided by the IDF and worshippers were beaten and tear-gassed.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total between 11 and 15 Palestinians were killed during the demonstrations and riots in Gaza and West Bank that followed al-Wazir's death.<sup id="cite_ref-UNISPAL_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNISPAL-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June of that year, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> agreed to support the Intifada financially at the <a href="/wiki/1988_Arab_League_summit" title="1988 Arab League summit">1988 Arab League summit</a>. The Arab League reaffirmed its financial support in the 1989 summit.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israeli defense minister <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>'s response was: "We will teach them there is a price for refusing the laws of Israel."<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When time in prison did not stop the activists, Israel crushed the boycott by imposing heavy fines and seizing and disposing of equipment, furnishings, and goods from local stores, factories and homes.<sup id="cite_ref-Aburish_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aburish-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990_Temple_Mount_killings">1990 Temple Mount killings</h3></div> <p>On 8 October 1990, 22 Palestinians were killed by Israeli police during the <a href="/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_killings" title="1990 Temple Mount killings">1990 Temple Mount killings</a> at <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>. This led the Palestinians to adopt more lethal tactics, with three Israeli civilians and one IDF soldier stabbed in Jerusalem and Gaza two weeks later. Incidents of stabbing persisted.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Israeli state apparatus carried out contradictory and conflicting policies that were seen to have injured Israel's own interests, such as the closing of educational establishments (putting more youths onto the streets) and issuing the <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a> list of collaborators.<sup id="cite_ref-NassarHeacock1990_115_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NassarHeacock1990_115-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombing">Suicide bombings</a> by Palestinian militants started on 16 April 1993 with the <a href="/wiki/Mehola_Junction_bombing" title="Mehola Junction bombing">Mehola Junction bombing</a>, carried at the end of the Intifada.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Response_by_the_United_Nations">Response by the United Nations</h2></div> <p>The large number of Palestinian casualties provoked international condemnation. In subsequent resolutions, including <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_607" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 607">607</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_608" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 608">608</a>, the Security Council demanded Israel cease deportations of Palestinians. In November 1988, Israel was condemned by a large majority of the <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a> for its actions against the Intifada. The resolution was repeated in the following years.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_Council">Security Council</h3></div> <p>On 17 February 1989, the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> drafted a resolution condemning Israel for disregarding Security Council resolutions, as well as for not complying with the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention" title="Fourth Geneva Convention">fourth Geneva Convention</a>. The United States, put a veto on a draft resolution which would have strongly deplored it. On 9 June, the US again put a veto on a resolution. On 7 November, the US vetoed a third draft resolution, condemning alleged Israeli violations of human rights<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 October 1990, Israel openly declared that it would not abide <a href="/wiki/Security_Council_Resolution_672" class="mw-redirect" title="Security Council Resolution 672">Security Council Resolution 672</a> because it did not pay attention to attacks on Jewish worshippers at the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel refused to receive a delegation of the Secretary-General, which would investigate Israeli violence. The following <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_673" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 673">Resolution 673</a> made little impression and Israel kept on obstructing UN investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions_and_outcome">Reactions and outcome</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_on_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict">Impact on Israeli-Palestinian conflict</h3></div> <p>The Intifada was recognized as an occasion where the Palestinians acted cohesively and independently of their leadership or assistance of neighboring Arab states.<sup id="cite_ref-McDowall1989_3_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDowall1989_3-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NassarHeacock1990_1_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NassarHeacock1990_1-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alimi2006_1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alimi2006_1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It transformed the conflict, helping bring about the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference of 1991</a> and the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-King_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The success of the Intifada gave <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Arafat</a> and his followers the confidence they needed to moderate their political program. At the meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Palestinian Declaration of Independence">Palestine National Council in Algiers</a> in mid-November 1988, Arafat won a majority for the historic decision to recognize Israel's legitimacy, accept all the relevant UN resolutions going back to 29 November 1947, and adopt the principle of a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> based on 1967 borders.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim2000_466_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim2000_466-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reflecting on the impact of the Intifada, former United States <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">President Jimmy Carter</a> wrote that, "The Palestinians' nonviolent resistance in the First Intifada ... contested military occupation from a store of classic methods used on every continent in today's world, as people fight for human rights and justice with concern for the connection between the ends and means."<sup id="cite_ref-King_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He added that, "the use of concerted nonviolent action offers a basis for transformation of conflict to peace building."<sup id="cite_ref-King_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The founder of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Centre_for_the_Study_of_Nonviolence" title="Palestinian Centre for the Study of Nonviolence">Palestinian Center for the Study of Nonviolence</a>, Jerusalem-born Mubarak Awad, played a major role in advocating for and organizing civil disobedience campaigns against the Israel's occupation in the years prior to the First Intifada.<sup id="cite_ref-King_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the outbreak of the Intifada, Israel arrested and deported Awad in 1988, despite opposition from the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">Reagan administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TIME_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIME-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a> ordered Awad's expulsion on grounds of inciting a "civil uprising" and distributing leaflets that advocated for non-violent resistance and civil disobedience.<sup id="cite_ref-TIME_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIME-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palestinian politician and leader of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Initiative" title="Palestinian National Initiative">Palestinian National Initiative</a> party, <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Barghouti" title="Mustafa Barghouti">Dr. Mustafa Barghouti</a>, attributed the foundations of the First Intifada to the rise of grassroots, local committees across the occupied Palestinian territories in the 1970s. He argued that, "Hamas became radicalized by the brutality of the Occupation, by the violence used to repress the first Intifada."<sup id="cite_ref-:Barghouti_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Barghouti-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barghouti has contended the "militarization" of the Second Intifada, which began in 2000, was a mistake, and he criticized Fatah for failing to condemn suicide bombings at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Barghouti_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barghouti-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_on_Israel's_reputation"><span id="Impact_on_Israel.27s_reputation"></span>Impact on Israel's reputation</h3></div> <p>The Intifada broke the image of Jerusalem as a united Israeli city. There was unprecedented international coverage, and the Israeli response was criticized in media outlets and international fora.<sup id="cite_ref-McDowall1989_3_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDowall1989_3-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-res_43/21_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-res_43/21-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim2000_455_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim2000_455-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The impact on the Israeli services sector, including the important Israeli tourist industry, was notably negative.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jordan_severs_ties_with_the_West_Bank">Jordan severs ties with the West Bank</h3></div> <p>Jordan severed its residual administrative and financial ties to the West Bank in the face of sweeping popular support for the <a href="/wiki/PLO" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO">PLO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The failure of the "Iron Fist" policy, Israel's deteriorating international image, Jordan cutting legal and administrative ties to the West Bank, and the U.S.'s recognition of the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people forced Rabin to seek an end to the violence though negotiation and dialogue with the PLO.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim2000_455-457_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim2000_455-457-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_the_Palestinian_uprisings">Timeline of the Palestinian uprisings</h2></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_rxa2ykn2bl84sf0yd79yw54tvmlewph"></map><img usemap="#timeline_rxa2ykn2bl84sf0yd79yw54tvmlewph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/rxa2ykn2bl84sf0yd79yw54tvmlewph.png" /></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Temple Mount riots">1990 Temple Mount riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> (2000–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Jerusalem_unrest" title="2014 Jerusalem unrest">2014 Jerusalem unrest</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_(2015)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict (2015)">Israeli–Palestinian conflict (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumud" title="Sumud">Sumud</a> (steadfastness)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" title="List of modern conflicts in the Middle East">List of modern conflicts in the Middle East</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Rage:_The_Young_Palestinians" title="Days of Rage: The Young Palestinians">Days of Rage: The Young Palestinians</a></i> (1989) - documentary</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Israeli military said at least two gasoline bombs landed on the army patrol vehicle but they did not explode</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kober, Avi, <i>Israel's Wars of Attrition: Attrition Challenges to Democratic States</i>, p. 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMurphy1993" class="citation news cs1">Murphy, Kim (10 September 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190406122957/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-09-10-mn-33546-story.html">"Israel and PLO, in Historic Bid for Peace, Agree to Mutual Recognition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-09-10-mn-33546-story.html">the original</a> on 6 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Israel+and+PLO%2C+in+Historic+Bid+for+Peace%2C+Agree+to+Mutual+Recognition&rft.date=1993-09-10&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1993-09-10-mn-33546-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13628771">"Profile: Marwan Barghouti"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 26 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Marwan+Barghouti&rft.date=2009-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-13628771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nasrallah56-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nasrallah56_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasrallah56_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasrallah56_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nami Nasrallah, 'The First and Second Palestinian <i>intifadas</i>,' in David Newman, Joel Peters (eds.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kftqQdNNDWAC&pg=PA61"><i>Routledge Handbook on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict</i></a>, Routledge, 2013, pp. 56–68, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kober-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kober_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kober_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kober_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKober2005" class="citation journal cs1">Kober, Avi (2005). "From Blitzkrieg To Attrition: Israel's Attrition Strategy and Staying Power". <i>Small Wars & Insurgencies</i>. <b>16</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">216–</span>240. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09592310500080005">10.1080/09592310500080005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Small+Wars+%26+Insurgencies&rft.atitle=From+Blitzkrieg+To+Attrition%3A+Israel%27s+Attrition+Strategy+and+Staying+Power&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E216-%3C%2Fspan%3E240&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09592310500080005&rft.aulast=Kober&rft.aufirst=Avi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alimi2006_1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alimi2006_1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alimi2006_1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEitan_Alimi2007" class="citation book cs1">Eitan Alimi (9 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FRSVtzxH_10C&pg=PA1"><i>Israeli Politics and the First Palestinian Intifada: Political Opportunities, Framing Processes and Contentious Politics</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-96126-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-96126-1"><bdi>978-0-203-96126-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israeli+Politics+and+the+First+Palestinian+Intifada%3A+Political+Opportunities%2C+Framing+Processes+and+Contentious+Politics&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2007-01-09&rft.isbn=978-0-203-96126-1&rft.au=Eitan+Alimi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFRSVtzxH_10C%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/intifada-begins-on-gaza-strip">"Intifada begins on Gaza Strip"</a>. <i>History.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=Intifada+begins+on+Gaza+Strip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fintifada-begins-on-gaza-strip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-King-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-King_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2007" class="citation book cs1">King, Mary E. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/150378515"><i>A quiet revolution: the first Palestinian Intifada and nonviolent resistance</i></a>. New York: Nation Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56025-802-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56025-802-5"><bdi>978-1-56025-802-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/150378515">150378515</a>. <q>The book's foreword, written by President Jimmy Carter: "The Palestinians' nonviolent resistance in the first intifada, documented here, contested military occupation from a store of classic methods used on every continent in today's world, as people fight for human rights and justice with concern for the connection between the ends and means. The joint grassroots Israeli-Palestinian committees were imagining a future that can yet be created. As Palestinian local leaders rebutted the empty premises of violent ideologies, strong efforts should have been made by the international community to fortify their resolve, which could have weakened the extremism that brought violence. How little encouragement was offered to those who were working for abandonment of the mythologies of violence!"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+quiet+revolution%3A+the+first+Palestinian+Intifada+and+nonviolent+resistance&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Nation+Books&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F150378515&rft.isbn=978-1-56025-802-5&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Mary+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2F150378515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LockmanBeinin1989_5-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LockmanBeinin1989_5_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#LockmanBeinin1989">Lockman; Beinin (1989)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYPVNdzXUJkC&pg=PA5">5.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EdSaid-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EdSaid_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_Said1989" class="citation book cs1">Edward Said (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYPVNdzXUJkC&pg=PA5"><i>Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising Against Israeli Occupation</i></a>. South End Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">5–</span>22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-363-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-363-9"><bdi>978-0-89608-363-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intifada%3A+The+Palestinian+Uprising+Against+Israeli+Occupation&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-89608-363-9&rft.au=Edward+Said&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYPVNdzXUJkC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman201141-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman201141_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerman2011">Berman 2011</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-accident-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-accident_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-accident_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOmer-Man2011" class="citation news cs1">Omer-Man, Michael (4 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Features/In-Thespotlight/The-accident-that-sparked-an-Intifada">"The accident that sparked an Intifada"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=The+accident+that+sparked+an+Intifada&rft.date=2011-12-04&rft.aulast=Omer-Man&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FFeatures%2FIn-Thespotlight%2FThe-accident-that-sparked-an-Intifada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David McDowall,<i>Palestine and Israel: The Uprising and Beyond</i>, University of California Press, 1989 p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruth Margolies Beitler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FVd5dJGBYMsC&pg=PR11"><i>The Path to Mass Rebellion: An Analysis of Two Intifadas</i></a>, Lexington Books, 2004 p.xi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLustick1993" class="citation journal cs1">Lustick, Ian S. (1993). Brynen, Rex; Hiltermann, Joost R.; Hudson, Michael C.; Hunter, F. Robert; Lockman, Zachary; Beinin, Joel; McDowall, David; Nassar, Jamal R.; Heacock, Roger (eds.). "Writing the Intifada: Collective Action in the Occupied Territories". <i>World Politics</i>. <b>45</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">560–</span>594. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2950709">10.2307/2950709</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0043-8871">0043-8871</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2950709">2950709</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147140028">147140028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Politics&rft.atitle=Writing+the+Intifada%3A+Collective+Action+in+the+Occupied+Territories&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E560-%3C%2Fspan%3E594&rft.date=1993&rft.issn=0043-8871&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147140028%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2950709%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2950709&rft.aulast=Lustick&rft.aufirst=Ian+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_ip_timeline/html/1987.stm">"Palestinian intifada"</a>. BBC NEWS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Palestinian+intifada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fshared%2Fspl%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F03%2Fv3_ip_timeline%2Fhtml%2F1987.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalem2008" class="citation book cs1">Salem, Walid (2008). "Human Security from Below: Palestinian Citizens Protection Strategies, 1988–2005". In den Boer, Monica; de Wilde, Jaap (eds.). <i>The Viability of Human Security</i>. Amsterdam University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">179–</span>201.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Human+Security+from+Below%3A+Palestinian+Citizens+Protection+Strategies%2C+1988%E2%80%932005&rft.btitle=The+Viability+of+Human+Security&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E179-%3C%2Fspan%3E201&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Salem&rft.aufirst=Walid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span>, on p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/legacy/campaigns/israel/intifada-intro.htm">"The Israeli Army and the Intifada – Policies that Contribute to the Killings"</a>. <i>Human Rights Watch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=The+Israeli+Army+and+the+Intifada+%E2%80%93+Policies+that+Contribute+to+the+Killings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Flegacy%2Fcampaigns%2Fisrael%2Fintifada-intro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cronin-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cronin_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cronin_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cronin_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Audrey Kurth Cronin 'Endless wars and no surrender,' in Holger Afflerbach, Hew Strachan (eds.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gh6VIodYxNMC&pg=PA426"><i>How Fighting Ends: A History of Surrender,</i></a> Oxford University Press 2012 pp. 417–433 p. 426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pearlman-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pearlman_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wendy Pearlman, <i>Violence, Nonviolence, and the Palestinian National Movement,</i>Cambridge University Press 2011, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5Rn3CgDAymEC&pg=PG114">p. 114</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BTF-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BTF_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BTF_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.btselem.org/statistics/first_intifada_tables">"Fatalities in the first Intifada"</a>. <i>B'tselem</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B%27tselem&rft.atitle=Fatalities+in+the+first+Intifada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.btselem.org%2Fstatistics%2Ffirst_intifada_tables&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-btsestat-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-btsestat_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/english/statistics/first_Intifada_Tables.asp">B'Tselem</a> Statistics; Fatalities in the first Intifada.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FaberKaldor-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FaberKaldor_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mient Jan Faber, Mary Kaldor, 'The deterioration of human security in Palestine,' in Mary Martin, Mary Kaldor (eds.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sHOMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA101"><i>The European Union and Human Security: External Interventions and Missions</i></a>, Routledge, 2009 pp. 95–111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Intifada,' in David Seddon, (ed.)<i>A Political and Economic Dictionary of the Middle East</i>, Taylor & Francis 2004, p. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, <i>Israel, the Occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, and the Palestinian Authority Territories</i>, November, 2001. Vol. 13, No. 4(E), p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pal-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pal_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pal_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Amitabh Pal, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UF79Qxid7YkC&pg=PA191"><i>"Islam" Means Peace: Understanding the Muslim Principle of Nonviolence Today</i></a>, ABC-CLIO, 2011 p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LockmanBeinin1989_38-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LockmanBeinin1989_38_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#LockmanBeinin1989">Lockman; Beinin (1989)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYPVNdzXUJkC&pg=PA37-38.">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AckermanDuVall2000-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AckermanDuVall2000_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#AckermanDuVall2000">Ackerman; DuVall (2000)</a>, p <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OVtKS9DCN0kC&pg=PA403">407.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AckermanDuVall2000_401-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AckermanDuVall2000_401_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#AckermanDuVall2000">Ackerman; DuVall (2000)</a>, p <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OVtKS9DCN0kC&pg=PA401">401.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, Glenn E. "The Palestinians." <i>The Contemporary Middle East</i>, Third Edition. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2013. 126–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Ami2006189-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Ami2006189_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-Ami2006">Ben-Ami 2006</a>, p. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Helena_Cobban" title="Helena Cobban">Helena Cobban</a>, 'The PLO and the Intifada', in Robert Owen Freedman, (ed.) <i>The Intifada: Its Impact on Israel, the Arab World, and the Superpowers</i>, University Press of Florida, 1991 pp. 70–106, pp. 94–95.'must be considered as an essential part of the backdrop against which the intifada germinated'.(p. 95)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Helena_Cobban" title="Helena Cobban">Helena Cobban</a>, 'The PLO and the Intifada', p. 94. In the immediate aftermath of the 6 Day War in 1967, some 15,000 Gazans had been deported to Egypt. A further 1,150 were deported between September 1967 and May 1978. This pattern was drastically curtailed by the <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> governments under <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> between 1978 and 1984.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BM1-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BM1_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BM1_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2001" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Benny (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/righteousvictims00morr_0/page/567"><i>Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist–Arab Conflict, 1881–2001</i></a>. Vintage. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/righteousvictims00morr_0/page/567">567</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-74475-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-74475-7"><bdi>978-0-679-74475-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Righteous+Victims%3A+A+History+of+the+Zionist%E2%80%93Arab+Conflict%2C+1881%E2%80%932001&rft.pages=567&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-679-74475-7&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frighteousvictims00morr_0%2Fpage%2F567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LockmanBeinin1989_32-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LockmanBeinin1989_32_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#LockmanBeinin1989">Lockman; Beinin (1989)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYPVNdzXUJkC&pg=PA32">32.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BM2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BM2_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2001" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Benny (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/righteousvictims00morr_0/page/341"><i>Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–2001</i></a>. Vintage. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/righteousvictims00morr_0/page/341">341, 568</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-74475-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-74475-7"><bdi>978-0-679-74475-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Righteous+Victims%3A+A+History+of+the+Zionist-Arab+Conflict%2C+1881%E2%80%932001&rft.pages=341%2C+568&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-679-74475-7&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frighteousvictims00morr_0%2Fpage%2F341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-neff-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-neff_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-neff_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeff" class="citation journal cs1">Neff, Donald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washington-report.org/backissues/1297/9712081.html">"The Intifada Erupts, Forcing Israel to Recognize Palestinians"</a>. <i>Washington Report on Middle East Affairs</i>. December. <b>1997</b>: <span class="nowrap">81–</span>83<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Report+on+Middle+East+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Intifada+Erupts%2C+Forcing+Israel+to+Recognize+Palestinians&rft.volume=1997&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E81-%3C%2Fspan%3E83&rft.aulast=Neff&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washington-report.org%2Fbackissues%2F1297%2F9712081.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. B. Qumsiyeh <i>Popular Resistance in Palestine; A History of Hope and Empowerment</i>, Pluto Press; New York 2011.pp. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shai2005_74-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shai2005_74_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Shay2005">Shay (2005)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4kGIpMI5HC0C&pg=PA74">74.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oren-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oren_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOren2006" class="citation news cs1">Oren, Amir (18 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080615040905/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/775582.html">"Secrets of the Ya-Ya brotherhood"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/775582.html">the original</a> on 15 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Secrets+of+the+Ya-Ya+brotherhood&rft.date=2006-10-18&rft.aulast=Oren&rft.aufirst=Amir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F775582.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anita Vitullo, 'Uprising in Gaza,' in Lockman and Beinin 1989 pp. 43–55 pp. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vitullo, p. 44 The first incident involved two unarmed men, one a well-known Gaza businessman, at a roadblock. The second occurred in a residential raid, where subsequently a small cache of weapons were found in the cars of four men. The army them bulldozed their homes. A general strike took place, and in response Israel arrested and ordered the deportation of Shaykh 'Abd al-'Aziz Awad, who was held responsible for the growth of popular support for Islamic Jihad, on 15 November.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vitullo, pp45-6. The settlers did not report the killing. An Israeli schoolteacher was arrested for the incident after a ballistics test was undertaken, but an Israel judge released him after a week, in the wake of Israeli settler protests. Settlers said she had been throwing stones.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shalev1991_33-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shalev1991_33_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Shalev1991">Shalev (1991)</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NassarHeacock1990_31-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NassarHeacock1990_31_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#NassarHeacock1990">Nassar; Heacock (1990)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_P5W5ErBQRYC&pg=PA31">31.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/02/02/israel-collective-punishment-against-palestinians">"Israel: Collective Punishment against Palestinians | Human Rights Watch"</a>. 2 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%3A+Collective+Punishment+against+Palestinians+%7C+Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2023-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2F02%2F02%2Fisrael-collective-punishment-against-palestinians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Tessler, <i>A History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict,</i>Indiana University Press, 1994 p. 677.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDacey1998" class="citation journal cs1">Dacey, Raymond (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26273649">"Risk Attitude, Punishment, and the Intifada"</a>. <i>Conflict Management and Peace Science</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 85. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F073889429801600104">10.1177/073889429801600104</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0738-8942">0738-8942</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26273649">26273649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conflict+Management+and+Peace+Science&rft.atitle=Risk+Attitude%2C+Punishment%2C+and+the+Intifada&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=85&rft.date=1998&rft.issn=0738-8942&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26273649%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F073889429801600104&rft.aulast=Dacey&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26273649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu-Amr1988" class="citation journal cs1">Abu-Amr, Ziad (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857979">"The Palestinian Uprising in the West Bank and Gaza Strip"</a>. <i>Arab Studies Quarterly</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 386. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0271-3519">0271-3519</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857979">41857979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arab+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Palestinian+Uprising+in+the+West+Bank+and+Gaza+Strip&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=386&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41857979%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0271-3519&rft.aulast=Abu-Amr&rft.aufirst=Ziad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41857979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vitullo p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruth Margolies Beitler, <i>The Path to Mass Rebellion: An Analysis of Two Intifadas</i>, Lexington Books, 2004 p.xiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vitullo, p. 46:'Although Palestinians rushed to aid the man, no one cooperated with military interrogators, who arrested scores of people and clamped a curfew on the area.'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Israeli Troops Kill Arab in Gaza</i>. The New York Times, 10 December 1987. <i>The shootings today took place about 9 A.M., when teen-agers at the Jabalya refugee district surrounded an army patrol car and showered it with rocks and gasoline bombs. At least two of the firebombs landed on the car but did not explode, the army said. The officer in charge of the patrol opened fire, the army said. "As a result, a 17-year-old resident was killed," the army spokesman said. "One must presume he was among those who were throwing the Molotov cocktails."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://remix.aljazeera.com/aje/PalestineRemix/mobile/remix/create/#!/23">"Al Jazeera - Palestine Remix"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al+Jazeera+-+Palestine+Remix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fremix.aljazeera.com%2Faje%2FPalestineRemix%2Fmobile%2Fremix%2Fcreate%2F%23%21%2F23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruth Margolies Beitler,<i>The Path to Mass Rebellion: An Analysis of Two Intifadas</i>, p. 116 n.75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tessler, <i>A History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict</i>, pp. 677-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vitullo, p. 46. writes 20-year-old man. The Israeli military and other sources say he was 17 years old.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Intifada,_p284-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada,_p284_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada,_p284_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">'Intifada,' in David Seddon,(ed.) <i>A Political and Economic Dictionary of the Middle East</i>, p. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vitullo p. 47 challenges this:'To the contrary, the protests showed restraint and rationality. . .Demonstrations were not "peaceful" but neither did they turn Palestinians into mindless mobs. Youths stripped one Israeli down to his underwear in front of Shifa hospital, but then let him run back to his fellow soldiers. A young Palestinian took another soldier's rifle away from him, broke it in two, then handed it back'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vitullo, p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shlaim2000_450-451-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim2000_450-451_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Shlaim2000">Shlaim (2000)</a>, pp. 450–1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Audrey Kurth Cronin, 'How fighting ends: asymmetric wars, terrorism and suicide bombing,' inHolger Afflerbach, <a href="/wiki/Hew_Strachan" title="Hew Strachan">Hew Strachan</a> (eds.) <i>How Fighting Ends: A History of Surrender</i>, Oxford University Press, 2012 pp. 417-433, p. 426</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_International" title="Middle East International">Middle East International</a> No 400, 17 May 1991, Publishers <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Mayhew" title="Christopher Mayhew">Lord Mayhew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Walters" title="Dennis Walters">Dennis Walters</a> MP; p. 15 ‘fourteen days in brief’</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pearlman, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Filiu-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Filiu_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Filiu_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Filiu" title="Jean-Pierre Filiu">Jean-Pierre Filiu</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4fhzBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA207"><i>Gaza: A History</i></a>, Oxford University Press p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nasrallah61-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nasrallah61_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rami Nasrallah, 'The First and Second Palestinian Intifadas,' in Joel Peters, David Newman (eds.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kftqQdNNDWAC&pg=PA61"><i>The Routledge Handbook on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict</i></a>, Routledge 2013 pp. 56–68 p. 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DAMH-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DAMH_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAMH_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAMH_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAMH_68-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Juan José López-Ibor, Jr., George Christodoulou, Mario Maj, Norman Sartorius, Ahmed Okasha (eds.),<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1aUq67aKpeAC&pg=PA231"><i>Disasters and Mental Health.</i></a> John Wiley & Sons, 2005 p. 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washington-report.org/backissues/1297/9712081.html">WRMEA</a> Donald Neff <i>The Intifada Erupts, Forcing Israel to Recognize Palestinians</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sumantra Bose, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lFVVyJr_xbwC&pg=PA243"><i>Contested Lands: Israel-Palestine, Kashmir, Bosnia, Cyprus, and Sri Lanka,</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2007 p. 243</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nasrallah-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nasrallah_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasrallah_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nami Nasrallah, 'The First and Second Palestinian <i>intifadas</i>,' in David Newman, Joel Peters (eds.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kftqQdNNDWAC&pg=PA61"><i>Routledge Handbook on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict,</i></a> Routledge, 2013, pp. 56–67, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruth Margolies Beitler, <i>The Path to Mass Rebellion: An Analysis of Two Intifadas</i>, p. 120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Human Rights Watch (HRW) (1991) <i>Prison Conditions in Israel and the Occupied Territories. A Middle East Watch Report.</i> Human Rights Watch. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56432-011-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56432-011-7">978-1-56432-011-7</a>. Pages 18, 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDowall1989_2b-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McDowall1989_2b_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#McDowall1989">McDowall (1989)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestineisraelu00mcdo/page/2">2.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMearsheimerWalt2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Mearsheimer" title="John Mearsheimer">Mearsheimer, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Walt" title="Stephen Walt">Walt, Stephen</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n06/john-mearsheimer/the-israel-lobby">"The Israel Lobby"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a></i>. <b>28</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">3–</span>12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=The+Israel+Lobby&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Walt%2C+Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fv28%2Fn06%2Fjohn-mearsheimer%2Fthe-israel-lobby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vitullo pp. 51-2,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phrmg_collaborators-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-phrmg_collaborators_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070606212710/http://www.phrmg.org/monitor2001/oct2001-collaborators.htm">"Collaborators, One Year Al-Aqsa Intifada Fact Sheets And Figures"</a>. <i>One Year Al-Aqsa Intifada Fact Sheets And Figures</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Human_Rights_Monitoring_Group" title="Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group">Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phrmg.org/monitor2001/oct2001-collaborators.htm">the original</a> on 6 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=One+Year+Al-Aqsa+Intifada+Fact+Sheets+And+Figures&rft.atitle=Collaborators%2C+One+Year+Al-Aqsa+Intifada+Fact+Sheets+And+Figures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phrmg.org%2Fmonitor2001%2Foct2001-collaborators.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris1999_612-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris1999_612_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Morris1999">Morris (1999)</a>, p. 612.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sergio Catignani, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mfNBodDl0hgC&pg=PA81"><i>Israeli Counter-Insurgency and the Intifadas: Dilemmas of a Conventional Army,</i></a> Routledge, 2008 pp. 81-84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LockmanBeinin1989_39-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LockmanBeinin1989_39_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LockmanBeinin1989_39_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#LockmanBeinin1989">Lockman; Beinin (1989)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYPVNdzXUJkC&pg=PA39">39.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merip.org/palestine-israel_primer/intifada-87-pal-isr-primer.html">MERIP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104080059/http://www.merip.org/palestine-israel_primer/intifada-87-pal-isr-primer.html">Archived</a> 4 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Palestine, Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, A Primer</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"What amazed this writer . .was the interesting departure from the norms of the past. Palestinians in the Occupied Territories were continuously insisting that they would not resort to arms. Any escalation in the use of violence on their part would be as a last resort, for defensive purposes only", Souad Dajani, cited Pearlman, <i>Violence, Nonviolence, and the Palestinian National Movement</i>, p. 106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">éPearlman, ibid. p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pearlman, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walid Salem p. 189</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anita Vitullo, pp. 50-1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNISPAL-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNISPAL_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUN1991" class="citation web cs1">UN (31 July 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104215919/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/50670C9C0FF4C6308025645F005EAAA4">"THE QUESTION OF PALESTINE 1979–1990"</a>. United Nations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/50670C9C0FF4C6308025645F005EAAA4">the original</a> on 4 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+QUESTION+OF+PALESTINE+1979%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=1991-07-31&rft.au=UN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0%2F50670C9C0FF4C6308025645F005EAAA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Sela, Avraham</a>. "Arab Summit Conferences." <i>The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East</i>. Ed. Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 158-160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sosebee, Stephen J. "The Passing of Yitzhak Rabin, Whose 'Iron Fist' Fueled the Intifada" <i>The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs.</i> 31 October 1990. Vol. IX #5, pg. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aburish-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aburish_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Said_K._Aburish" class="mw-redirect" title="Said K. Aburish">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>Arafat: From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a> pp. 201-228 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruth Margolies Beitler, <i>The Path to Mass Rebellion: An Analysis of Two Intifadas</i>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NassarHeacock1990_115-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NassarHeacock1990_115_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#NassarHeacock1990">Nassar; Heacock (1990)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_P5W5ErBQRYC&pg=PA115">115.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_Ivan_Victoroff2006" class="citation book cs1">Jeffrey Ivan Victoroff (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=olWnkxm4SPoC&q=%22suicide+bombing%22+first+palestinian+1993&pg=PA204"><i>Tangled Roots: Social and Psychological Factors in the Genesis of Terrorism</i></a>. IOS Press. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58603-670-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58603-670-6"><bdi>978-1-58603-670-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tangled+Roots%3A+Social+and+Psychological+Factors+in+the+Genesis+of+Terrorism&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=IOS+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-58603-670-6&rft.au=Jeffrey+Ivan+Victoroff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DolWnkxm4SPoC%26q%3D%2522suicide%2Bbombing%2522%2Bfirst%2Bpalestinian%2B1993%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Resolution 44/2 of 06.10.89; Resolution 45/69 of 06.12.90; Resolution 46/76 of 11.12.91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/DF0BB291D1E55CF4052565B80063E183"><i>Yearbook of the United Nations 1989</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104215924/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/DF0BB291D1E55CF4052565B80063E183">Archived</a> 4 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Chapter IV, Middle East. 31 December 1989.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuéllar,_Javier_Pérez_de1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Javier_P%C3%A9rez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Javier Pérez de Cuéllar">Cuéllar, Javier Pérez de</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pilgrimageforpea00pere/page/96"><i>Pilgrimage for peace: a Secretary-General's memoir</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pilgrimageforpea00pere/page/96">96</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-16486-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-16486-7"><bdi>978-0-312-16486-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pilgrimage+for+peace%3A+a+Secretary-General%27s+memoir&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-312-16486-7&rft.au=Cu%C3%A9llar%2C+Javier+P%C3%A9rez+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpilgrimageforpea00pere%2Fpage%2F96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Division for Palestinian Rights (DPR), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/50670C9C0FF4C6308025645F005EAAA4">The question of Palestine 1979–1990</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104215919/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/50670C9C0FF4C6308025645F005EAAA4">Archived</a> 4 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Chapter II, section E. <i>The intifadah and the need to ensure the protection of the Palestinians living under Israeli occupation</i>. 31 July 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDowall1989_3-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McDowall1989_3_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDowall1989_3_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#McDowall1989">McDowall (1989)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/palestineisraelu00mcdo/page/3">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NassarHeacock1990_1-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NassarHeacock1990_1_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#NassarHeacock1990">Nassar; Heacock (1990)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_P5W5ErBQRYC&pg=PA1">1.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi2022" class="citation book cs1">Khalidi, Rashid (2022). <i>The hundred years' war on Palestine: a history of settler colonialism and resistance, 1917-2017</i>. A Metropolitan paperback. New York: Henry Hold and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-78765-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-78765-1"><bdi>978-1-250-78765-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+hundred+years%27+war+on+Palestine%3A+a+history+of+settler+colonialism+and+resistance%2C+1917-2017&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=A+Metropolitan+paperback&rft.pub=Henry+Hold+and+Company&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-250-78765-1&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Rashid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClevelandBunton2025" class="citation book cs1">Cleveland, William L.; Bunton, Martin (2025). <i>A history of the modern Middle East</i>. New York London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-367-51646-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-367-51646-8"><bdi>978-0-367-51646-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+modern+Middle+East&rft.place=New+York+London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2025&rft.isbn=978-0-367-51646-8&rft.aulast=Cleveland&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rft.au=Bunton%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shlaim2000_466-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim2000_466_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Shlaim2000">Shlaim (2000)</a>, p. 466.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TIME-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TIME_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TIME_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTIME1988" class="citation magazine cs1">TIME (27 June 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/archive/6712604/israel-forced-exile/">"Israel Forced Exile"</a>. <i>TIME</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Israel+Forced+Exile&rft.date=1988-06-27&rft.au=TIME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Farchive%2F6712604%2Fisrael-forced-exile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaokets2014" class="citation web cs1">Haokets (19 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.972mag.com/is-nonviolence-on-the-rise-in-palestine-an-interview-with-dr-mubarak-awad/">"The Palestinian who won't give up on the power of nonviolence"</a>. <i>+972 Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%2B972+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Palestinian+who+won%27t+give+up+on+the+power+of+nonviolence&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft.au=Haokets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.972mag.com%2Fis-nonviolence-on-the-rise-in-palestine-an-interview-with-dr-mubarak-awad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Barghouti-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Barghouti_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarghouti2005" class="citation journal cs1">Barghouti, Mustafa (1 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii32/articles/mustafa-barghouti-palestinian-defiance">"Palestinian Defiance"</a>. <i>New Left Review</i> (32): <span class="nowrap">117–</span>131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Left+Review&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Defiance&rft.issue=32&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E131&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.aulast=Barghouti&rft.aufirst=Mustafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewleftreview.org%2Fissues%2Fii32%2Farticles%2Fmustafa-barghouti-palestinian-defiance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barghouti-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barghouti_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>Barghouti</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrause2012" class="citation journal cs1">Krause, Peter (March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280016486">"Many Roads to Palestine? The Potential and Peril of Multiple Strategies Within a Divided Palestinian National Movement"</a>. <i>Crown Center for Middle East Studies</i> (60).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crown+Center+for+Middle+East+Studies&rft.atitle=Many+Roads+to+Palestine%3F+The+Potential+and+Peril+of+Multiple+Strategies+Within+a+Divided+Palestinian+National+Movement&rft.issue=60&rft.date=2012-03&rft.aulast=Krause&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F280016486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-res_43/21-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-res_43/21_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UNGA, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/3BD6ABF508EFE04E852560D30070EC3B"><i>Resolution "43/21. The uprising (intifadah) of the Palestinian people"</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114152859/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/3BD6ABF508EFE04E852560D30070EC3B">Archived</a> 14 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 3 November 1988 (doc.nr. A/RES/43/21).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shlaim2000_455-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim2000_455_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Shlaim2000">Shlaim (2000)</a>, p. 455.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noga Collins-kreiner, Nurit Kliot, Yoel Mansfeld, Keren Sagi (2006) <i>Christian Tourism to the Holy Land: Pilgrimage During Security Crisis</i> Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4703-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4703-4">978-0-7546-4703-4</a> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4703-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4703-4">978-0-7546-4703-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pearlman, p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shlaim2000_455-457-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim2000_455-457_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Shlaim2000">Shlaim (2000)</a>, pp. 455–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fpri.org/peacefacts/023.199511.sicherman.rabinappreciation.html">Foreign Policy Research Institute</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080909204606/http://www.fpri.org/peacefacts/023.199511.sicherman.rabinappreciation.html">Archived</a> 9 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Yitzhak Rabin: An Appreciation By Harvey Sicherman</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="AckermanDuVall2000" class="citation book cs1">Ackerman, Peter; DuVall, Jack (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OVtKS9DCN0kC"><i>A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict</i></a>. New York: Palgrave. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-24050-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-24050-9"><bdi>978-0-312-24050-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Force+More+Powerful%3A+A+Century+of+Nonviolent+Conflict&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Palgrave&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-312-24050-9&rft.aulast=Ackerman&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=DuVall%2C+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOVtKS9DCN0kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Alimi2006" class="citation book cs1">Alimi, Eitan Y. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FRSVtzxH_10C"><i>Israeli Politics and the First Palestinian Intifada</i></a> (2007 hardback ed.). Abingdon: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-38560-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-38560-2"><bdi>978-0-415-38560-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israeli+Politics+and+the+First+Palestinian+Intifada&rft.place=Abingdon&rft.edition=2007+hardback&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-38560-2&rft.aulast=Alimi&rft.aufirst=Eitan+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFRSVtzxH_10C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAronson1990" class="citation book cs1">Aronson, Geoffrey (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/israelpalestinia00aron"><i>Israel, Palestinians, and the Intifada: Creating Facts on the West Bank</i></a>. London: Kegan Paul International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7103-0336-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7103-0336-3"><bdi>978-0-7103-0336-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%2C+Palestinians%2C+and+the+Intifada%3A+Creating+Facts+on+the+West+Bank&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Kegan+Paul+International&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7103-0336-3&rft.aulast=Aronson&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisraelpalestinia00aron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen-Ami2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Ben-Ami" title="Shlomo Ben-Ami">Ben-Ami, Shlomo</a> (2006). <i><a href="/wiki/Scars_of_War,_Wounds_of_Peace" title="Scars of War, Wounds of Peace">Scars of War, Wounds of Peace</a></i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518158-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518158-6"><bdi>978-0-19-518158-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scars+of+War%2C+Wounds+of+Peace&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518158-6&rft.aulast=Ben-Ami&rft.aufirst=Shlomo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eli_Berman" title="Eli Berman">Berman, Eli</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R7jvDS3OiAUC"><i>Radical, Religious, and Violent: The New Economics of Terrorism</i></a>. MIT Press. p. 314. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-25800-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-25800-5"><bdi>978-0-262-25800-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radical%2C+Religious%2C+and+Violent%3A+The+New+Economics+of+Terrorism&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-262-25800-5&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR7jvDS3OiAUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Finkelstein1996" class="citation book cs1">Finkelstein, Norman (1996). <i>The Rise and Fall of Palestine: A Personal Account of the Intifada Years</i>. Minnesota: University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-2858-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-2858-2"><bdi>978-0-8166-2858-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Palestine%3A+A+Personal+Account+of+the+Intifada+Years&rft.place=Minnesota&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-2858-2&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Hiltermann1991" class="citation book cs1">Hiltermann, Joost R. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m2fdWT3CuyQC"><i>Behind the Intifada: Labor and Women's Movements in the Occupied Territories</i></a> (1993 reprint ed.). Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-07869-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-07869-4"><bdi>978-0-691-07869-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Behind+the+Intifada%3A+Labor+and+Women%27s+Movements+in+the+Occupied+Territories&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J&rft.edition=1993+reprint&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-691-07869-4&rft.aulast=Hiltermann&rft.aufirst=Joost+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm2fdWT3CuyQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2007" class="citation book cs1">King, Mary Elizabeth (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quietrevolutionf0000king"><i>A Quiet Revolution: The First Palestinian Intifada and Nonviolent Resistance</i></a>. New York: Nation Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56025-802-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56025-802-5"><bdi>978-1-56025-802-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Quiet+Revolution%3A+The+First+Palestinian+Intifada+and+Nonviolent+Resistance&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Nation+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-56025-802-5&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquietrevolutionf0000king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="LockmanBeinin1989" class="citation book cs1">Lockman, Zachary; <a href="/wiki/Joel_Beinin" title="Joel Beinin">Beinin, Joel</a>, eds. (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intifadapalestin00lock"><i>Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising Against Israeli Occupation</i></a></span>. Cambridge, MA: South End Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-363-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-363-9"><bdi>978-0-89608-363-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intifada%3A+The+Palestinian+Uprising+Against+Israeli+Occupation&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-89608-363-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintifadapalestin00lock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="McDowall1989" class="citation book cs1">McDowall, David (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YWorYnKGZ5YC"><i>Palestine and Israel: The Uprising and Beyond</i></a>. California: University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06902-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06902-2"><bdi>978-0-520-06902-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+and+Israel%3A+The+Uprising+and+Beyond&rft.place=California&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-520-06902-2&rft.aulast=McDowall&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYWorYnKGZ5YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Morris1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Morris, Benny</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/righteousvictims00morr_0"><i>Righteous Victims: a History of the Zionist-Arab conflict, 1881–1999</i></a>. New York: Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-74475-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-74475-7"><bdi>978-0-679-74475-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Righteous+Victims%3A+a+History+of+the+Zionist-Arab+conflict%2C+1881%E2%80%931999&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-679-74475-7&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frighteousvictims00morr_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="NassarHeacock1990" class="citation book cs1">Nassar, Jamal Raji; Heacock, Roger, eds. (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intifadapalestin00nass"><i>Intifada: Palestine at the Crossroads</i></a></span>. New York: Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-93411-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-93411-8"><bdi>978-0-275-93411-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intifada%3A+Palestine+at+the+Crossroads&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-275-93411-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintifadapalestin00nass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeretz1990" class="citation book cs1">Peretz, Don (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intifadapalestin00pere"><i>Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising</i></a></span>. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-0860-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-0860-9"><bdi>978-0-8133-0860-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intifada%3A+The+Palestinian+Uprising&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colorado&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-0860-9&rft.aulast=Peretz&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintifadapalestin00pere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRigby1991" class="citation book cs1">Rigby, Andrew (1991). <i>Living the Intifada</i>. London: Zed Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85649-040-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85649-040-5"><bdi>978-1-85649-040-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+the+Intifada&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1-85649-040-5&rft.aulast=Rigby&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span>, out-of-print, now downloadable at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://civilresistance.info/rigby1991">civilresistance.info</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="RobertsGartonAsh2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Roberts_(scholar)" title="Adam Roberts (scholar)">Roberts, Adam</a>; <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Garton Ash, Timothy</a>, eds. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BxOQKrCe7UUC"><i>Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present</i></a>. Oxford: University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955201-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955201-6"><bdi>978-0-19-955201-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+Resistance+and+Power+Politics%3A+The+Experience+of+Non-violent+Action+from+Gandhi+to+the+Present&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-955201-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBxOQKrCe7UUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Shay2005" class="citation book cs1">Shay, Shaul (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4kGIpMI5HC0C"><i>The Axis of Evil: Iran, Hizballah, and the Palestinian Terror</i></a>. Transaction Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0255-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0255-2"><bdi>978-0-7658-0255-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Axis+of+Evil%3A+Iran%2C+Hizballah%2C+and+the+Palestinian+Terror&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7658-0255-2&rft.aulast=Shay&rft.aufirst=Shaul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4kGIpMI5HC0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiffYa'ari1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Schiff" title="Ze'ev Schiff">Schiff, Ze'ev</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Ya%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ehud Ya'ari">Ya'ari, Ehud</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intifadapalestin00schi_0"><i>Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising: Israel's Third Front</i></a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-67530-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-67530-1"><bdi>978-0-671-67530-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intifada%3A+The+Palestinian+Uprising%3A+Israel%27s+Third+Front&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-671-67530-1&rft.aulast=Schiff&rft.aufirst=Ze%27ev&rft.au=Ya%27ari%2C+Ehud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintifadapalestin00schi_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Shalev1991" class="citation book cs1">Shalev, Aryeh (1991). <i>The Intifada: Causes and Effects</i>. Jerusalem: Jerusalem Post & Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-8303-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-8303-3"><bdi>978-0-8133-8303-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Intifada%3A+Causes+and+Effects&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Jerusalem+Post+%26+Westview+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-8303-3&rft.aulast=Shalev&rft.aufirst=Aryeh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Shlaim2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Shlaim, Avi</a> (2000). <i>The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World</i>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-028870-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-028870-4"><bdi>978-0-14-028870-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Iron+Wall%3A+Israel+and+the+Arab+World&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-14-028870-4&rft.aulast=Shlaim&rft.aufirst=Avi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirst+Intifada" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:First_Intifada" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:First Intifada">First Intifada</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/intifada.html">Jewish Virtual Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070119154126/http://www.intifada.com/palestine.html">The Intifada in Palestine:Introduction</a> (www.intifada.com)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1987/scres87.htm">United Nations Security Council Resolution 605</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/israel/Story/0,2763,1275360,00.html">Palestinian Arab "collaborators"</a> (Guardian, UK)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libcom.org/library/rebellion-palestine-le-brise-glace">The Future of a Rebellion – Palestine</a> An analysis of the 1980s intifada revolt of Palestinian youth. on libcom.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121125032137/http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552681">U.S. Involvement with Palestine's Rebellions</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120312181034/http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494/browse?type=title">Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130114153002/http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552641">Israel's Post-Soviet Expansion</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120312181034/http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494/browse?type=title">Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Israeli–Palestinian_conflict34" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Template:Israeli–Palestinian conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Template talk:Israeli–Palestinian conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli–Palestinian conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israeli–Palestinian_conflict34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Participants34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Participants</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Israel Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shabak (Shin Bet)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Principals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenin_Brigades" title="Jenin Brigades">Jenin Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lions%27_Den_(militant_group)" title="Lions' Den (militant group)">Lions' Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">PIJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front" title="Palestinian Liberation Front">PLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">PPSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees" title="Popular Resistance Committees">PRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabireen_Movement" title="Sabireen Movement">Sabireen Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Zouari" title="Sons of Zouari">Sons of Zouari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulkarm_Brigade" title="Tulkarm Brigade">Tulkarm Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third-party groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Individuals34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Individuals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Arens" title="Moshe Arens">Moshe Arens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ami_Ayalon" title="Ami Ayalon">Ami Ayalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Naftali Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Dagan" title="Meir Dagan">Meir Dagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Moshe Dayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Dichter" title="Avi Dichter">Avi Dichter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Diskin" title="Yuval Diskin">Yuval Diskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Halevy" title="Efraim Halevy">Efraim Halevy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Halutz" title="Dan Halutz">Dan Halutz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaul_Mofaz" title="Shaul Mofaz">Shaul Mofaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Mordechai" title="Yitzhak Mordechai">Yitzhak Mordechai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Peri" title="Yaakov Peri">Yaakov Peri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Lipkin-Shahak" title="Amnon Lipkin-Shahak">Amnon Lipkin-Shahak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabtai_Shavit" title="Shabtai Shavit">Shabtai Shavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Ya%27alon" title="Moshe Ya'alon">Moshe Ya'alon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Yatom" title="Danny Yatom">Danny Yatom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Zamir" title="Zvi Zamir">Zvi Zamir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zaidan" title="Muhammad Zaidan">Abu Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussa_Arafat" title="Moussa Arafat">Moussa Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Ayyash" title="Yahya Ayyash">Yahya Ayyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_Barghouti" title="Marwan Barghouti">Marwan Barghouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Dahlan" title="Mohammed Dahlan">Mohammed Dahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadie_Haddad" title="Wadie Haddad">Wadie Haddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayef_Hawatmeh" title="Nayef Hawatmeh">Nayef Hawatmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_al-Jabali" title="Ghazi al-Jabali">Ghazi Jabali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Jibril" title="Ahmed Jibril">Ahmed Jibril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Abu Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Khalaf" title="Salah Khalaf">Salah Khalaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Khaled" title="Leila Khaled">Leila Khaled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_El-Deen_Sheikh_Khalil" title="Izz El-Deen Sheikh Khalil">Sheikh Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mashal" title="Khaled Mashal">Khaled Mashal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuheir_Mohsen" title="Zuheir Mohsen">Zuheir Mohsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_Mustafa" title="Abu Ali Mustafa">Abu Ali Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal" title="Abu Nidal">Abu Nidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibril_Rajoub" title="Jibril Rajoub">Jibril Rajoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi" title="Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi">Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_Salameh" title="Ali Hassan Salameh">Ali Hassan Salameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Shehade" title="Salah Shehade">Salah Shehade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Shalah" title="Ramadan Shalah">Ramadan Shalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathi_Shaqaqi" title="Fathi Shaqaqi">Fathi Shaqaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlam_Tamimi" title="Ahlam Tamimi">Ahlam Tamimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Timeline_**_military_operations34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Military operations of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">military operations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1920–194811" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1920–1948</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1920 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Nebi_Musa_riots" title="1920 Nebi Musa riots">Nebi Musa riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_Hai" title="Battle of Tel Hai">Battle of Tel Hai</a></li></ul></li> <li>1921 <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_riots" title="Jaffa riots">Jaffa riots</a></li> <li>1929 <a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">Palestine riots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1929_Hebron_massacre" title="1929 Hebron massacre">Hebron massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li>1936–1939 <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">Arab revolt</a></li> <li>1944–1947 <a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine">Jewish insurgency</a></li> <li>1947–1948 <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">Civil War</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1948–197011" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1948–1970</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab–Israeli War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killings_and_massacres_during_the_1948_Palestine_war" title="Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war">massacres</a></li></ul></li> <li>1948–present <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen" title="Palestinian fedayeen">Fedayeen insurgency</a> <ul><li>1951–1967 <a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_against_Israeli_civilians_before_1967" title="List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967">Attacks against Israeli civilians</a></li> <li>1950s–1960s <a href="/wiki/Reprisal_operations" title="Reprisal operations">Reprisal operations</a></li></ul></li> <li>1953 <a href="/wiki/Qibya_massacre" title="Qibya massacre">Qibya massacre</a></li> <li>1956 <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim_massacre" title="Kafr Qasim massacre">Kafr Qasim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_massacre" title="Khan Yunis massacre">Khan Yunis</a> / <a href="/wiki/1956_Rafah_massacre" title="1956 Rafah massacre">Rafah massacres</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li>1967–1970 <a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> <ul><li>1968 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian<br />insurgency</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1968–198211" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1968–1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970 <a href="/wiki/Avivim_school_bus_bombing" title="Avivim school bus bombing">Avivim school bus bombing</a></li> <li>1972 <a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> / <a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre">"Bayonet"</a> (1973 <a href="/wiki/Lillehammer_affair" title="Lillehammer affair">Lillehammer affair</a>)</li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona_massacre" title="Kiryat Shmona massacre">Kiryat Shmona massacre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a></li> <li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Entebbe_raid" title="Entebbe raid">Entebbe raid</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/Coastal_road_massacre" title="Coastal road massacre">Coastal road massacre</a> / <a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">South Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis" title="Misgav Am hostage crisis">Misgav Am hostage crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1973–198711" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1973–1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Ben_Yehuda_Street_bombings#1975" title="Ben Yehuda Street bombings">Zion Square bombing</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Beirut" title="Siege of Beirut">Siege of Beirut</a></li></ul></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/1983_West_Bank_fainting_epidemic" title="1983 West Bank fainting epidemic">1983 West Bank fainting epidemic</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Bus_300_affair" title="Bus 300 affair">Bus 300 affair</a></li> <li>1985 <a href="/wiki/Achille_Lauro_hijacking" title="Achille Lauro hijacking"><i>Achille Lauro</i> hijacking</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg">"Wooden Leg"</a></li> <li>1987 <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Gliders" title="Night of the Gliders">Night of the Gliders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Intifada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1987–199111" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1987–1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1988 <a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir#Assassination" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Tunis raid</a></li> <li>1989 <a href="/wiki/1989_Tel_Aviv%E2%80%93Jerusalem_bus_attack" title="1989 Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus attack">Bus 405 attack</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_killings" title="1990 Temple Mount killings">Temple Mount killings</a></li> <li>1990s <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks#1990s" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs_massacre" title="Cave of the Patriarchs massacre">Cave of the Patriarchs massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2000–200511" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2000–2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Palestinian rocket attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks#2000s" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_assassinations#2000s" title="List of Israeli assassinations">Israeli assassinations</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/October_2000_protests_in_Israel" title="October 2000 protests in Israel">October events</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Santorini_affair" title="Santorini affair"><i>Santorini</i></a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Karine_A_affair" title="Karine A affair"><i>Karine A</i></a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Defensive_Shield" title="Operation Defensive Shield">"Defensive Shield"</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jenin_(2002)" title="Battle of Jenin (2002)">Battle of Jenin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nablus" title="Battle of Nablus">Battle of Nablus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Determined_Path" title="Operation Determined Path">"Determined Path"</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike" title="Ain es Saheb airstrike">Ain es Saheb airstrike</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/2004_Israeli_operation_in_Rafah" title="2004 Israeli operation in Rafah">"Rainbow"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2004_Beit_Hanoun_raid" title="2004 Beit Hanoun raid">Beit Hanoun raid</a> / <a href="/wiki/2004_Israeli_operation_in_the_northern_Gaza_Strip" title="2004 Israeli operation in the northern Gaza Strip">"Days of Penitence"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Palestinian dissident<br />campaigns</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2006–present14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2006–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods" title="Operation Bringing Home the Goods">"Bringing Home the Goods"</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_Jerusalem_yeshiva_attack" title="2008 Jerusalem yeshiva attack">Jerusalem yeshiva attack</a> / <a href="/wiki/2008_Jerusalem_bulldozer_attack" title="2008 Jerusalem bulldozer attack">Jerusalem bulldozer attack</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2009 Al-Aqsa clashes">Al-Aqsa clashes</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign" title="2010 Palestinian militancy campaign">Palestinian militancy campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">2015–2016 violence</a></li> <li>2017 <a href="/wiki/2017_Temple_Mount_crisis" title="2017 Temple Mount crisis">Temple Mount crisis</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine crisis</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2022 Al-Aqsa clashes">Al-Aqsa clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel<br />conflict</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2006–present14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2006–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza_beach_explosion" title="2006 Gaza beach explosion">Gaza beach explosion</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza_cross-border_raid" title="2006 Gaza cross-border raid">Gaza cross-border raid</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2006 Gaza–Israel conflict">"Summer Rains"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun">"Autumn Clouds"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_shelling_of_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun shelling</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_breach_of_the_Egypt%E2%80%93Gaza_border" title="2008 breach of the Egypt–Gaza border">Egypt–Gaza border breach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter" title="Operation Hot Winter">"Hot Winter"</a></li> <li>2008–2009 <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid" title="Gaza flotilla raid">Gaza flotilla raid</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/March_2012_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Returning Echo"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2012_Gaza_War" title="2012 Gaza War">"Pillar of Defense"</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">"Protective Edge"</a></li> <li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Flotilla_III" title="Freedom Flotilla III">Freedom Flotilla III</a></li> <li>2018 <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">Gaza border protests</a> / <a href="/wiki/November_2018_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes">November clashes</a></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">May clashes</a> / <a href="/wiki/November_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Black Belt"</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">"Guardian of the Walls"</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="2022 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Breaking Dawn"</a></li> <li>2023 <a href="/wiki/May_2023_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Shield and Arrow"</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diplomacy/law34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy/law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Timeline58" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1948–1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">Palestinian expulsion and flight</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">depopulated towns and villages</a></li></ul></li> <li>1949 <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1949" title="Lausanne Conference of 1949">Lausanne Conference</a></li> <li>1967–present <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence" title="Israeli settler violence">settler violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law_and_Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="International law and Israeli settlements">international law</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981–1982 <a href="/wiki/Fahd_Plan" title="Fahd Plan">Fahd Plan</a></li> <li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference</a></li> <li>1993–1995 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Protocol_on_Economic_Relations" title="Protocol on Economic Relations">Paris Protocol</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho_Agreement" title="Gaza–Jericho Agreement">Gaza–Jericho Agreement</a></li> <li>1994–present <a href="/wiki/United_States_security_assistance_to_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority">US security assistance to the PA</a></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Protocol_Concerning_the_Redeployment_in_Hebron" title="Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron">Hebron Agreement</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum" title="Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum">Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000 <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters" title="The Clinton Parameters">Clinton Parameters</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Quartet_on_the_Middle_East" title="Quartet on the Middle East">Quartet established</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road Map</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access" title="Agreement on Movement and Access">Agreement on Movement and Access</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Peace_initiative" title="Valley of Peace initiative">Valley of Peace initiative</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Conference" title="Annapolis Conference">Annapolis Conference</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Aftonbladet_Israel_controversy" title="2009 Aftonbladet Israel controversy"><i>Aftonbladet</i> Israel controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010–11 <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Papers" title="Palestine Papers">Palestine Papers</a></li> <li>2013–2014 <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2023–present <a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_the_United_Nations" title="Israel and the United Nations">Israel and the UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">Palestine and the UN</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">UN Resolution 181</a></li> <li>1948 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN Resolution 194</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Resolution 242</a></li> <li>ICJ cases <ul><li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Legal_Consequences_of_the_Construction_of_a_Wall_in_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" title="Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory">Wall construction</a></li> <li>2023–present <a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South African allegation of genocide</a></li> <li>2024 <i><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany" title="Nicaragua v. Germany">Nicaragua v. Germany</a></i></li> <li>2023–2024 <a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">Israeli occupation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">ICC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">Palestine investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_leaders" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli leaders">arrest warrants</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Analysis34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Analysis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparisons_between_Israel_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany">Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany</a></li> <li>Criticism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hamas" title="Criticism of Hamas">Criticism of Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Israel" title="Criticism of Israel">Criticism of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_criticism_of_the_occupation_of_Palestine" title="Israeli criticism of the occupation of Palestine">Israeli criticism of the occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Media coverage of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Israel" title="Racism in Israel">Racism in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Racism in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_anti-Zionism" title="Timeline of anti-Zionism">Timeline of anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/There_was_no_such_thing_as_Palestinians" title="There was no such thing as Palestinians">There was no such thing as Palestinians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab–Israeli_conflict27" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab–Israeli_conflict27" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="CountriesAuthoritiesOrganizations228" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Countries</li><li>Authorities</li><li>Organizations</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary countries<br />and authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egyptian Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Hamas Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraqi Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Syrian_Republic" title="Second Syrian Republic">Syrian Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Ba'athist Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amal_Movement" title="Amal Movement">Amal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front" title="Arab Liberation Front">Arab Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Islam_(Gaza)" title="Army of Islam (Gaza)">Army of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Cedars" title="Guardians of the Cedars">Guardians of the Cedars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Forces" title="Lebanese Forces">Lebanese Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun" title="Al-Mourabitoun">al-Mourabitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">PIJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front" title="Palestinian Liberation Front">PLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">PLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">Palestinian Popular Struggle Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees" title="Popular Resistance Committees">Popular Resistance Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">as-Sa'iqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal_Organization" title="Abu Nidal Organization">Abu Nidal Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September_Organization" title="Black September Organization">Black September Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War" title="Army of the Holy War">Holy War Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Red_Army" title="Japanese Red Army">Japanese Red Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Cells_(German_group)" title="Revolutionary Cells (German group)">Revolutionary Cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army" title="South Lebanon Army">South Lebanon Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_engagements104" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="History of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Armed engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1947–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab–Israeli War</a> (1948–1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Fedayeen_insurgency" title="Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency">Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency</a> (1949–1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960–1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samu_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Samu incident">Samu incident</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> (1967–1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a> (1968–1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Israeli_raid_on_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon"><i>Gift</i></a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lod_Airport_massacre" title="Lod Airport massacre">Lod Airport massacre</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre"><i>Bayonet</i></a> (1972–1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Airlines_Flight_114" title="Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114">Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Entebbe_raid" title="Entebbe raid"><i>Entebbe</i></a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Road massacre">Coastal Road massacre</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict"><i>Litani</i></a> (1978)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis" title="Misgav Am hostage crisis">Misgav Am hostage crisis</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Opera" title="Operation Opera"><i>Opera</i></a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bus_300_affair" title="Bus 300 affair">Bus 300 affair</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg"><i>Wooden Leg</i></a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Intifada</a> (1987–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mothers%27_Bus_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothers' Bus attack">Mothers' Bus attack</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir#Assassination" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Tunis raid</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_missile_attacks_against_Israel" title="1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel">Iraqi missile attacks against Israel</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bramble_Bush" title="Operation Bramble Bush"><i>Bramble Bush</i></a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> (1993–2008; <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Accountability" title="Operation Accountability"><i>Accountability</i></a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="Operation Grapes of Wrath"><i>Grapes of Wrath</i></a> (1996)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> (2000–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel</a> (2001–)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike" title="Ain es Saheb airstrike">Ain es Saheb airstrike</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods" title="Operation Bringing Home the Goods"><i>Bringing Home the Goods</i></a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2006 Gaza–Israel conflict"><i>Summer Rains</i></a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun"><i>Autumn Clouds</i></a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a> (2006–)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter" title="Operation Hot Winter"><i>Hot Winter</i></a> (2007–2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a> (2008–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign" title="2010 Palestinian militancy campaign">Palestinian militancy campaign</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_southern_Israel_cross-border_attacks" title="2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks">Southern Israel cross-border attacks</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/March_2012_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Returning Echo</i></a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Israeli_operation_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip"><i>Pillar of Defense</i></a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">Gaza War</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Wave of violence</a> (2015–2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">Gaza border protests</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/November_2018_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Black Belt</i></a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine crisis</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="2022 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Breaking Dawn</i></a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/May_2023_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Shield and Arrow</i></a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a> (2023–)</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diplomacy_and_peace_proposals144" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy and <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_normalization" title="Arab–Israeli normalization">peace proposals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1914 <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li>1915 <a href="/wiki/McMahon%E2%80%93Hussein_Correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">McMahon–Hussein Correspondence</a></li> <li>1916 <a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li>1917 <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a></li> <li>1918 <a href="/wiki/Declaration_to_the_Seven" title="Declaration to the Seven">Declaration to the Seven</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Declaration" title="Anglo-French Declaration">Anglo-French Declaration</a></li> <li>1919 <a href="/wiki/Faisal%E2%80%93Weizmann_agreement" title="Faisal–Weizmann agreement">Faisal–Weizmann agreement</a></li> <li>1920 <a href="/wiki/San_Remo_conference" title="San Remo conference">San Remo conference</a></li> <li>1922 <a href="/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper" title="Churchill White Paper">Churchill White Paper</a></li> <li>1937 <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">Peel Commission</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" title="White Paper of 1939">White Paper</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1939" title="London Conference of 1939">London Conference</a></li> <li>1946 <a href="/wiki/Morrison%E2%80%93Grady_Plan" title="Morrison–Grady Plan">Morrison–Grady Plan</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/Bevin_Plan" title="Bevin Plan">Bevin Plan</a></li> <li>1946–47 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1946%E2%80%931947" title="London Conference of 1946–1947">London Conference</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">UN Partition Plan</a></li> <li>1948 <a href="/wiki/American_trusteeship_proposal_for_Palestine" title="American trusteeship proposal for Palestine">American trusteeship proposal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1948–1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194</a></li> <li>1949 <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">Armistice agreements</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1949" title="Lausanne Conference of 1949">Lausanne Conference</a></li> <li>1950 <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Declaration_of_1950" title="Tripartite Declaration of 1950">Tripartite Declaration</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_Resolution" title="Khartoum Resolution">Khartoum Resolution</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242</a></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_338" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 338">UNSC Resolution 338</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_339" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 339">UNSC Resolution 339</a></li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Disengagement_between_Israel_and_Syria" title="Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria">Israel–Syria disengagement agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_350" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 350">UNSC Resolution 350</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_425" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 425">UNSC Resolution 425</a> / <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_446" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 446">UNSC Resolution 446</a> / <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_autonomy_talks" title="Palestinian autonomy talks">Palestinian autonomy talks</a></small> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_452" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 452">UNSC Resolution 452</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">UNSC Resolution 478</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_497" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 497">UNSC Resolution 497</a></li> <li>1981–1982 <a href="/wiki/Fahd_Plan" title="Fahd Plan">Fahd Plan</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Reagan_peace_plan" title="Reagan peace plan">Reagan peace plan</a></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/May_17_Agreement" title="May 17 Agreement">Israel–Lebanon agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991–2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference</a></li> <li>1993 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho_Agreement" title="Gaza–Jericho Agreement">Gaza–Jericho Agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Israel–Jordan peace treaty</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Beilin%E2%80%93Abu_Mazen_agreement" title="Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement">Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum" title="Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum">Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters" title="The Clinton Parameters">Clinton Parameters</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Isratin" title="Isratin">Isratin</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/2002_Arab_League_summit" title="2002 Arab League summit">Beirut Summit and peace initiative</a> / <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road map</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Initiative" title="Geneva Initiative">Geneva Initiative</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1559" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559">UNSC Resolution 1559</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1566" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1566">UNSC Resolution 1566</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1583" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1583">UNSC Resolution 1583</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Summit_of_2005" title="Sharm El Sheikh Summit of 2005">Sharm El Sheikh Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip#2005_Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Agreement on Movement and Access</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1850" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1850">UNSC Resolution 1850</a> / <a href="/wiki/Quartet_Principles" title="Quartet Principles">Quartet Principles</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701">UNSC Resolution 1701</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Conference" title="Annapolis Conference">Annapolis Conference</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_Parameters" title="John Kerry Parameters">John Kerry Parameters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Trump peace plan</a></li> <li>2020 <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">Israel–UAE normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Israel–Sudan normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Morocco normalization agreement">Israel–Morocco normalization agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Lebanese_maritime_border_dispute" title="Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute">Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wars_and_conflicts_involving_Israel69" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_wars" title="Template:Israeli wars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli_wars" title="Template talk:Israeli wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli_wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli wars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wars_and_conflicts_involving_Israel69" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Israel" title="List of wars involving Israel">Wars and conflicts involving Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab–Israeli War</a> (1948–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reprisal_operations" title="Reprisal operations">Reprisal operations</a> (1951–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_over_Water_(Jordan_River)" title="War over Water (Jordan River)">War over Water</a> (1964–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> (1967–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">First invasion of Lebanon</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Second invasion of Lebanon</a>/First Lebanon War (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict</a> (1982–2000)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Intifada</a> (1987–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> (2000–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Second Lebanon War</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a> (2008–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Gaza_War" title="2012 Gaza War">2012 Gaza War</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">Gaza War</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine crisis</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox579" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49105#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4206491-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh89001332">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007541783005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Intifada&oldid=1272662257">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Intifada&oldid=1272662257</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Intifada" title="Category:First Intifada">First Intifada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1987_in_the_Israeli_Civil_Administration_area" title="Category:1987 in the Israeli Civil Administration area">1987 in the Israeli Civil Administration area</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_conflicts" title="Category:20th-century conflicts">20th-century conflicts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_disobedience" title="Category:Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_riots" title="Category:Ethnic riots">Ethnic riots</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Intifadas" title="Category:Intifadas">Intifadas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Category:Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Protests_in_the_Israeli_Civil_Administration_area" title="Category:Protests in the Israeli Civil Administration area">Protests in the Israeli Civil Administration area</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rebellions_in_Asia" title="Category:Rebellions in Asia">Rebellions in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Riots_and_civil_disorder_in_Israel" title="Category:Riots and civil disorder in Israel">Riots and civil disorder in Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Stone-throwing_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Category:Stone-throwing in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Stone-throwing in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_EasyTimeline_extension" title="Category:Pages using the EasyTimeline extension">Pages using the EasyTimeline extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_reference_errors" title="Category:Pages with reference errors">Pages with reference errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_broken_reference_names" title="Category:Pages with broken reference names">Pages with broken reference names</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_extended-confirmed-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages">Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2021">Use dmy dates from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_January_2021" title="Category:EngvarB from January 2021">EngvarB from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 January 2025, at 19:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Intifada&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">First Intifada</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>48 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-62rdk","wgBackendResponseTime":136,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.243","walltime":"1.529","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6791,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":278418,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6311,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":270392,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1271.646 1 -total"," 31.81% 404.542 2 Template:Reflist"," 11.81% 150.207 29 Template:Cite_book"," 9.28% 117.957 1 Template:Langx"," 8.82% 112.144 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 8.33% 105.989 5 Template:Cite_news"," 6.21% 78.977 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.29% 54.588 1 Template:First_Intifada"," 4.25% 54.068 1 Template:Center"," 4.14% 52.701 2 Template:Sfn"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.708","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25605004,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"AckermanDuVall2000\"] = 1,\n [\"Alimi2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbu-Amr1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAronson1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarghouti2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBen-Ami2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClevelandBunton2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCuéllar,_Javier_Pérez_de1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDacey1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdward_Said1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEitan_Alimi2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaokets2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeffrey_Ivan_Victoroff2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhalidi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKober2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrause2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLustick1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMearsheimerWalt2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2001\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeff\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOmer-Man2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOren2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeretz1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRigby1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalem2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchiffYa\u0026#039;ari1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTIME1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUN1991\"] = 1,\n [\"Finkelstein1996\"] = 1,\n [\"Hiltermann1991\"] = 1,\n [\"LockmanBeinin1989\"] = 1,\n [\"McDowall1989\"] = 1,\n [\"Morris1999\"] = 1,\n [\"NassarHeacock1990\"] = 1,\n [\"RobertsGartonAsh2009\"] = 1,\n [\"Shalev1991\"] = 1,\n [\"Shay2005\"] = 1,\n [\"Shlaim2000\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Age in years, months, weeks and days\"] = 1,\n [\"Arab–Israeli conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bulletedlist\"] = 4,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 29,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 8,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"EngvarB\"] = 1,\n [\"First Intifada\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 6,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 2,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 4,\n [\"Infobox military conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Israeli wars\"] = 1,\n [\"Israeli–Palestinian conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Pp-30-500\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Timeline of Palestinian Intifadas\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Vague\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 5,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-hpxq4","timestamp":"20250214040526","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"First Intifada","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Intifada","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q49105","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q49105","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-14T12:29:00Z","dateModified":"2025-01-29T19:14:39Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b6\/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_V_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg","headline":"1987\u20131993 Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation"}</script> </body> </html>