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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Third stream</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Beschikbaar in 15 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Stream" title="Third Stream – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Third Stream" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Third stream" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tria_fluo" title="Tria fluo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tria fluo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Third stream" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Third stream" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%AD%C3%BA_Sruth" title="Tríú Sruth – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tríú Sruth" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99_(%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="הזרם השלישי (מוזיקה) – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הזרם השלישי (מוזיקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Stream" title="Third Stream – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Third Stream" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="サード・ストリーム – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サード・ストリーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%93%9C_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%BC" title="서드 스트림 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서드 스트림" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Stream" title="Third Stream – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Third Stream" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Third stream" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terceira_corrente" title="Terceira corrente – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terceira corrente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" 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lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Third stream</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is een door de <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Amerikaanse</a> componist <a href="/wiki/Gunther_Schuller" title="Gunther Schuller">Gunther Schuller</a> begin jaren 1950 ingestelde muziekrichting, die de <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europese</a> <a href="/wiki/Eigentijdse_klassieke_muziek" title="Eigentijdse klassieke muziek">eigentijdse klassieke muziek</a> verbindt met de <a href="/wiki/Modernjazz" title="Modernjazz">modernjazz</a> en zijn muziek buiten bereik van E- en U-muziek zou brengen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_stream&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_stream&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schuller opperde het idee in 1957 tijdens een lezing aan de <a href="/wiki/Brandeis-universiteit" title="Brandeis-universiteit">Brandeis University</a> om muziek te beschrijven, die elementen van westerse <a href="/wiki/Kunstmuziek" title="Kunstmuziek">kunstmuziek</a> en jazz combineert en daarbij de elementaire kenmerken en technieken van beide verbindt. Daarbij gaat het om de verbinding van twee in materiaalstand en in artistiek zelfbewustzijn hoogontwikkelde sferen, zodat zuiver vermakelijke werken van de <a href="/wiki/Symfonische_jazz" title="Symfonische jazz">symfonische jazz</a> van <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whiteman" title="Paul Whiteman">Paul Whiteman</a> met hun klassieke ontlening en strijkersondergeschikte jazzimprovisaties hier uitgesloten kunnen worden. </p><p>Componisten als <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graettinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Graettinger (de pagina bestaat niet)">Robert Graettinger</a>, die voor <a href="/wiki/Stan_Kenton" title="Stan Kenton">Stan Kenton</a> complexe werken componeerde en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johnny_Carisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnny Carisi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Johnny Carisi</a> kunnen als voorloper van de third stream doorgaan. Ofschoon deze aanpak enkele exemplarische werken als Epitaph van <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a> opleverde, kon hij zich uiteindelijk toch niet doorzetten en bleef dit een laterale ontwikkeling in de muziekgeschiedenis. Stuwende krachten van deze muziekrichting waren naast Schuller en Mingus o.a. <a href="/wiki/Bill_Russo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Russo">Bill Russo</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_(pianist)" title="John Lewis (pianist)">John Lewis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddie_Sauter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eddie Sauter (de pagina bestaat niet)">Eddie Sauter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Ellis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Ellis (de pagina bestaat niet)">Don Ellis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ran_Blake" title="Ran Blake">Ran Blake</a> en <a href="/wiki/J.J._Johnson" title="J.J. Johnson">J.J. Johnson</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1ty%C3%A1s_Seiber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mátyás Seiber (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mátyás Seiber</a> en <a href="/wiki/John_Dankworth" title="John Dankworth">John Dankworth</a> schreven in 1958 samen het werk <i>Improvisations für Jazzband und Orchester</i>, dat <a href="/wiki/Dodecafonie" title="Dodecafonie">twaalftoonsmuziek</a> en jazzimprovisaties omvatte. In het programmablad voor de <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitse</a> première in 1958 werd het nummer gewaardeerd als de meest gelukte poging om nieuwe muziek en jazz onder een noemer te brengen. </p><p>Muzikanten als <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Braxton" title="Anthony Braxton">Anthony Braxton</a> en <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a> bleven echter door deze richting in hun compositorische creaties sterk beïnvloed. Jongere muzikanten als <a href="/wiki/James_Newton" title="James Newton">James Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Davis" title="Anthony Davis">Anthony Davis</a> en <a href="/wiki/Franz_Koglmann" title="Franz Koglmann">Franz Koglmann</a> namen net als ervaren muzikanten als <a href="/wiki/Allan_Botschinsky" title="Allan Botschinsky">Allan Botschinsky</a> de uitdaging weer aan. </p><p>Actuele werken met een third stream-kenmerk zijn <i>Alegria</i> van <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a>, <i>Wide Angles</i> van <a href="/wiki/Michael_Brecker" title="Michael Brecker">Michael Brecker</a>, <i>African Portraits</i> van <a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Marvin_Peterson" title="Hannibal Marvin Peterson">Hannibal Marvin Peterson</a>, <i>Scorched</i> van <a href="/wiki/Mark-Anthony_Turnage" title="Mark-Anthony Turnage">Mark-Anthony Turnage</a> en <i>Myth of the Cave</i> van <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Yedid" title="Yitzhak Yedid">Yitzhak Yedid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_stream&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_stream&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gunther Schuller: <i>Musings: The Musical Words of Gunther Schuller</i>. Oxford University Press 1986. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0195037456" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-503745-6</a>.</li> <li>Peter W. Schatt: <i>„Jazz“ in der Kunstmusik</i>. Kassel 1995. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/3764924764" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7649-2476-4</a>.</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jazzmusicarchives.com/subgenre/third-stream">THIRD STREAM, a jazz music subgenre</a>. <i>JazzMusicArchives.com</i>. Geraadpleegd op 30-11-2021. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2021"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.witf.org/2021/10/08/witf-music-the-history-of-third-stream/">WITF Music: The History of Third Stream</a>. <i>WITF</i> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-10-08">8 oktober 2021</span>). Geraadpleegd op 30-11-2021. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Stream?oldid=191595439">Third Stream</a> op de Duitstalige Wikipedia, dat onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a> valt. 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