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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernjazz-standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernjazz-standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Modernjazz-standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernjazz-standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernjazzstijlen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernjazzstijlen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modernjazzstijlen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modernjazzstijlen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Modernjazz </th></tr> <tr> <th>Stilistische oorsprong </th> <td colspan="2">verzameling van verschillende jazzstijlen </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:#000080; color:white;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Muziek" title="Portaal:Muziek"><span style="color:white">Muziek</span></a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Modernjazz</b> is een verzamelnaam van verschillende jazzstijlen, die vooral tussen 1940 en 1960 zijn te rangschikken, tussen de <a href="/wiki/Swing_(jazzmuziek)" title="Swing (jazzmuziek)">swingstijl</a> van de jaren 1930 en begin jaren 1940 en de <a href="/wiki/Freejazz" title="Freejazz">freejazz</a> vanaf ongeveer 1960. Deels werd de term ook gebruikt om alle jazzvormen te kenmerken, die ontstonden na de <a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">old-time jazz</a>. Modernjazz werd een begrip door het <a href="/wiki/Modern_Jazz_Quartet" title="Modern Jazz Quartet">Modern Jazz Quartet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modernjazz&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modernjazz&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Bop" title="Bop">bop</a> verving begin jaren 1940 de swing en was de eerste stijl van de modernjazz. Aan zijn ontstaan zijn vooral de muzikanten <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Clarke" title="Kenny Clarke">Kenny Clarke</a> verbonden. In tegenstelling tot de eerdere jazzstijlen is hij niet meer een massadansstijl zoals vooral de swingstijl van de jaren 1930, maar meer luistermuziek. </p><p>In tegenstelling tot de stijlen van de traditionele jazz, wiens songs zich opbouwen op eenvoudige harmonieën, werd nu een met verruimde akkoorden verrijkte complexe harmonie gebruikt. Bovendien beschikte de modernjazz over een aanzienlijk grotere dynamiek en abstractheid. Hij bereikte in de publieke waarneming hoogtepunten met muzikanten als <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Peterson" title="Oscar Peterson">Oscar Peterson</a> en <a href="/wiki/Cannonball_Adderley" title="Cannonball Adderley">Cannonball Adderley</a>. </p><p>De modernjazz verrijkte de jazz in het algemeen en de hele populaire muziek met veel nieuwe invloeden. Vanaf het begin van de jaren 1950 werden nieuwe instrumenten geïntroduceerd (bijvoorbeeld hoorn en blokfluit). Bovendien begonnen ze te experimenteren met invloeden uit andere culturen, bijvoorbeeld uit <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> en <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. De zogenaamde achtste-noot swing (vooral Charlie Parker horen/zien) en oneven maatsoorten deden hun intrede (<i>Take Five</i>, gecomponeerd door <a href="/wiki/Paul_Desmond" title="Paul Desmond">Paul Desmond</a> en populair gemaakt door zijn opname met het kwartet van <a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a> in 1959). </p><p>In de late jaren 1950 begonnen muzikanten zoals <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_(pianist)" title="John Lewis (pianist)">John Lewis</a> en <a href="/wiki/Gunther_Schuller" title="Gunther Schuller">Gunther Schuller</a> elementen van jazz te combineren met <a href="/wiki/Eigentijdse_klassieke_muziek" title="Eigentijdse klassieke muziek">eigentijdse klassieke muziek</a>. Deze stijl wordt <a href="/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream">third stream</a> genoemd. </p><p>1959 verscheen met <i>Kind of Blue</i> van <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>, dat hij opnam met onder anderen <a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a> en <a href="/wiki/Cannonball_Adderley" title="Cannonball Adderley">Cannonball Adderley</a>, het eerste invloedrijke album van <a href="/wiki/Modale_jazz" title="Modale jazz">modale jazz</a>. Deze stijl is gebaseerd op de jazztheorie van de toonladder ('theory of modes') van pianist <a href="/wiki/George_Russell_(jazzmuzikant)" title="George Russell (jazzmuzikant)">George Russell</a>. Die jazzstijl wordt gekenmerkt door de improvisatie van een schaal (modus, schaal) in plaats van een harmonische volgorde van het thema. De modale jazz is het laatste modernjazz-niveau vóór freejazz. </p><p>Het Newport Jazz Festival 1958, dat is gedocumenteerd in een beroemde film, wordt beschouwd als het laatste jazzfestival van modernjazz vóór de overgang naar de freejazz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modernjazz-standards">Modernjazz-standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modernjazz&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Modernjazz-standards" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modernjazz&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Modernjazz-standards"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de modernjazz tussen 1940 en 1960 ontstonden talrijke composities, die in de loop der jaren vaak ook door andere muzikanten werden opgenomen en jazzstandards werden. Hiertoe tellen <a href="/wiki/Bop" title="Bop">bop</a> heads van Charlie Parker (b.v. <i>Billie's Bounce</i> en <i>Ornithology</i>), maar ook talrijke oorspronkelijke composities van Dizzy Gillespie (<i>A Night in Tunisia</i>) en Thelonious Monk (b.v. <i>Round Midnight</i>, <i>Well You Needn't</i>, <i>Blue Monk</i>) evenals composities van John Lewis (b.v. <i>Django</i>) en verdere bop- en cooljazz-protagonisten. Ook na de eerste bloeiperiode van de modernjazz zijn echter nog nummers ontstaan, die tegenwoordig in het globale repertoire zitten. Als voorbeeld worden hier <i>Bluesette</i> (van <a href="/wiki/Toots_Thielemans" title="Toots Thielemans">Toots Thielemans</a>), <i>The Girl from Ipanema</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" title="Antônio Carlos Jobim">Antônio Carlos Jobim</a>), <i>St. Thomas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a>), <i>Moanin' </i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobby_Timmons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bobby Timmons (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bobby Timmons</a>) en <i>Giant Steps</i> (<a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a>) genoemd. Andere nummers zijn van buitenuit in de jazz beland, zoals <i>Manhã de Carnaval</i> uit de film <i><a href="/wiki/Orfeu_Negro" title="Orfeu Negro">Orfeu Negro</a></i> en <i>Autumn Leaves</i> uit het bereik van de chanson. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modernjazzstijlen">Modernjazzstijlen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modernjazz&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Modernjazzstijlen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modernjazz&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Modernjazzstijlen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bop" title="Bop">Bop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afro_Cuban_Jazz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afro Cuban Jazz (de pagina bestaat niet)">Afro Cuban Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardbop" title="Hardbop">Hardbop</a> en <a href="/wiki/Souljazz" title="Souljazz">Souljazz</a> als diens onderstijl</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooljazz" title="Cooljazz">Cooljazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westcoast-jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Westcoast-jazz">Westcoast-jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modale_jazz" title="Modale jazz">Modale jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossanova" title="Bossanova">Bossanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a></li> <li>Third Stream, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_jazz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progressive jazz (de pagina bestaat niet)">Progressive jazz</a></li></ul> <p>Volgens de eerste, smallere definitie (zie hierboven), is de ontwikkeling met moderne jazz nog niet voorbij. Integendeel, freejazz en <a href="/wiki/Fusion_(muziek)" title="Fusion (muziek)">fusion</a>, die worden beschouwd als buiten de moderne jazz, ontstaan vanaf rond 1960. Zelfs de <a href="/wiki/Neo-bop" title="Neo-bop">neo-bop</a> zou net zo goed moeten worden afgebakend als de postmoderne <a href="/wiki/Avant-gardejazz" title="Avant-gardejazz">avant-gardejazz</a>, de ethno-jazz of andere vormen van <a href="/wiki/Cross-over_(muziek)" title="Cross-over (muziek)">cross-over</a>, omdat elementen van latere jazzstijlen erin zijn opgenomen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modernjazz&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modernjazz&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Ernst_Berendt" class="mw-redirect" title="Joachim Ernst Berendt">Joachim Ernst Berendt</a>: <i>Das Jazzbuch. Von New Orleans bis ins 21. Jahrhundert.</i> Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt 2007, <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9783596159642" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-596-15964-2</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Bohl%C3%A4nder" title="Carlo Bohländer">Carlo Bohländer</a>, Karl Heinz Holler, Christian Pfarr: <i><a href="/wiki/Reclams_Jazzf%C3%BChrer" title="Reclams Jazzführer">Reclams Jazzführer</a>.</i> 5., herziene en aangevulde editie. Reclam, Stuttgart 2000, <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/3150104645" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-15-010464-5</a>.</li> <li>Bielefelder Katalog, Jazz</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fake-Book&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fake-Book (de pagina bestaat niet)">Fake-Books</a></li> <li>Jazz Podium, tijdschrift</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"></div> <ul><li>Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Jazz?oldid=181172520">Modern Jazz</a> op de Duitstalige Wikipedia, dat onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a> valt. 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