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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">RV <i>Belgica</i> (1884)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgica_(Schiff,_1884)" title="Belgica (Schiff, 1884) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Belgica (Schiff, 1884)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/RV_Belgica_(1884)" title="RV Belgica (1884) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="RV Belgica (1884)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1.%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%98%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="آر.وی بلژیکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آر.وی بلژیکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgica_(navire,_1884)" title="Belgica (navire, 1884) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Belgica (navire, 1884)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgica_(nave)" title="Belgica (nave) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Belgica (nave)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_(%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94,_1884)" title="בלגיקה (ספינה, 1884) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בלגיקה (ספינה, 1884)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/RV_Belgica" title="RV Belgica – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="RV Belgica" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgica_(schip,_1884)" title="Belgica (schip, 1884) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Belgica (schip, 1884)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%ABBelgica%C2%BB" title="«Belgica» – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="«Belgica»" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%ABBelgica%C2%BB" title="«Belgica» – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="«Belgica»" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgica" title="Belgica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Belgica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/RV_Belgica" title="RV Belgica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="RV Belgica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgica_(nav%C4%83)" title="Belgica (navă) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Belgica (navă)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE)" title="Бельжика (судно) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бельжика (судно)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgica_(alus)" title="Belgica (alus) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Belgica (alus)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R/V_Belgica" title="R/V Belgica – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="R/V Belgica" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgica_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C,_1884)" title="Belgica (корабель, 1884) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Belgica (корабель, 1884)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgica_(batea)" title="Belgica (batea) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Belgica (batea)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgica_(schip,_1884)" title="Belgica (schip, 1884) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Belgica (schip, 1884)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q815476#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/RV_Belgica_(1884)" title="View the content page 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=RV_Belgica_(1884)&params=68_47_42_N_16_35_37_E_source:nlwiki_type:landmark_region:NO"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">68°47′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">16°35′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">68.79500°N 16.59361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">68.79500; 16.59361</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Research ship built in 1884</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"SS Belgica (1884)" redirects here. For other ships, see <a href="/wiki/RV_Belgica" title="RV Belgica">RV Belgica</a> and <a href="/wiki/SS_Belgica" title="SS Belgica">SS Belgica</a>.</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Belgica_1898_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/La_Belgica_1898_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-La_Belgica_1898_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/La_Belgica_1898_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-La_Belgica_1898_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/La_Belgica_1898_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-La_Belgica_1898_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span><div><i>Belgica</i> trapped in the ice, 1898</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><i>Patria</i> (1884–96)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><i>Belgica</i> (1896–1916)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><i>Isfjord</i> (1916–1917)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><i>Belgica</i> (1917–1940)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Owner</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Johan Christian Jakobsen (1884–96)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Adrien de Gerlache (1896–1902)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">N C Halvorsen (1902)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1902–1916)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Det Norske Kulsyndikat (1916–1917)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Kristian Holst (1917–1940)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Franco-British Expeditionary Force (1940)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operator</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Johan Christian Jakobsen (1884–1896)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Adrien de Gerlache (1896–1897)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897–1899)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Adrien de Gerlache (1899–1902)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">N C Halvorsen (1902)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1902–1916)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Det Norske Kulsyndikat (1916–1917)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Kristian Holst (1917–1940)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Franco-British Expeditionary Force (1940)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Port of registry</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/21px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/32px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/41px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> Svelvik (1884–1896)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Antwerp (1896–1916)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> Spitsbergen (1916–1917)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> Harstad (1917–1940)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td>Christian Brinch Jørgensen</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>1884</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Out of service</td><td>19 May 1940</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Scuttled June 1940</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Whaler (1884–1896)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Research ship (1896–1901)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Whaler (1901–1904)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Research ship (1904–1909)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Whaler (1909–1918)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Factory ship (1918–1940)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Depôt ship (1940)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Tonnage</td><td>263 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>35.97 m (118 ft 0 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>7.62 m (25 ft 0 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draught</td><td>4.11 m (13 ft 6 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td>Sails, steam engine</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Sail plan</td><td>Barque (1884–1918)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>23 (Belgian Antarctic Expedition)</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><i><b>Belgica</b></i> was a <a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">barque</a>-rigged <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamship</a> that was built in 1884 by Christian Brinch Jørgensen at <a href="/wiki/Svelvik" title="Svelvik">Svelvik</a>, Norway as the <a href="/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler">whaler</a> <i><b>Patria</b></i>. In 1896, she was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Adrien_de_Gerlache" title="Adrien de Gerlache">Adrien de Gerlache</a> for conversion to a <a href="/wiki/Research_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Research ship">research ship</a>, taking part in the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Belgian Antarctic Expedition">Belgian Antarctic Expedition</a> of 1897–1901, becoming the first ship to overwinter in the Antarctic. In 1902, she was sold to <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1869%E2%80%931926)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1869–1926)">Philippe, Duke of Orléans</a> and used on expeditions to the Arctic in 1905 and from 1907 to 1909. </p><p>In 1916, she was sold and converted to a passenger and cargo ship, serving <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a> from the Norwegian mainland under the name <i><b>Isfjord</b></i>. In 1918, she was sold and renamed <i>Belgica</i>, being converted to a <a href="/wiki/Factory_ship" title="Factory ship">factory ship</a>. Requisitioned by the British in April 1940, she was used as a depôt ship, being scuttled when the Franco-British Expeditionary Force evacuated <a href="/wiki/Harstad" class="mw-redirect" title="Harstad">Harstad</a> in northern Norway. In 2007, plans to build a modern replica of <i>Belgica</i> were announced. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RV_Belgica_(1884)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ship was 35.97 metres (118 ft 0 in) long, with a beam of 7.62 metres (25 ft 0 in) and a draught of 4.11 metres (13 ft 6 in). She was rigged as a <a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">barque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wreck_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wreck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as sails, the ship was propelled by a 35-horsepower (26 kW) <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engine</a> built by Nylands Verksted, <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rundt_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rundt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine drove a screw propeller that was arranged so that it could be raised out of the water if necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-Patria_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patria-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RV_Belgica_(1884)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RV_Belgica_(1884)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Patria</i> was built by Christian Brinch Jørgensen at <a href="/wiki/Svelvik" title="Svelvik">Svelvik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Rundt_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rundt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a <a href="/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler">whaler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Circle_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Circle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship was constructed of <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, American pine and <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> ribs, with 110 millimetres (4.3 in) thick <a href="/wiki/Chlorocardium" title="Chlorocardium">greenheart</a> planks clad in oak and sheeted in <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>. The ship had a strengthened bow to enable her to operate in ice.<sup id="cite_ref-Patria_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patria-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her designer and owner was Johan Christian Jakobsen.<sup id="cite_ref-Wreck_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wreck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antarctic_expedition">Antarctic expedition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RV_Belgica_(1884)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Antarctic expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgica1web.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Belgica1web.jpg/220px-Belgica1web.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Belgica1web.jpg/330px-Belgica1web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Belgica1web.jpg/440px-Belgica1web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1672" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption><i>Belgica</i> in Antarctic waters</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Belgian Antarctic Expedition">Belgian Antarctic Expedition</a></div> <p>In 1896, <i>Patria</i> was bought by <a href="/wiki/Adrien_de_Gerlache" title="Adrien de Gerlache">Adrien de Gerlache</a> for conversion to a <a href="/wiki/Research_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Research ship">research ship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Circle_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Circle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 July 1896, she was renamed <i>Belgica</i>. A <a href="/wiki/21-gun_salute" title="21-gun salute">21-gun salute</a> was fired during the renaming ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-Model_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Model-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Gerlache raised funds for the expedition from the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Royale_Belge_de_G%C3%A9ographie" title="Société Royale Belge de Géographie">Société Royale Belge de Géographie</a>. Loaded with 40 tons of food in 10,000 tins, on 16 August 1897, <i>Belgica</i> departed <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Model_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Model-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a crew of 23.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Led by de Gerlache, the expedition included <a href="/wiki/Georges_Lecointe_(explorer)" title="Georges Lecointe (explorer)">Georges Lecointe</a> as captain of <i>Belgica</i>. Other members of the expedition included <a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Arctowski" title="Henryk Arctowski">Henryk Arctowski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Boles%C5%82aw_Dobrowolski" title="Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski">Antoni Dobrowolski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emil_Racovi%C5%A3%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Emil Racoviţă">Emil Racoviţă</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cool_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cool-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overloaded <i>Belgica</i> broke down in the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> and was forced to put into <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a> for repairs.<sup id="cite_ref-Model_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Model-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two crewmen deserted there and two more crewmen went ashore without permission, returning to <i>Belgica</i> drunk.<sup id="cite_ref-Cool_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cool-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At one point, <i>Belgica</i> almost rammed the Belgian <a href="/wiki/Royal_yacht" title="Royal yacht">royal yacht</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cool_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cool-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> was reached on 6 October 1897. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">Frederick Cook</a> joined the ship there.<sup id="cite_ref-Model_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Model-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On reaching <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, the cook was fired and a <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> replacement was hired. On the voyage between Montevideo and <a href="/wiki/Punta_Arenas" title="Punta Arenas">Punta Arenas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, the engineer allowed the boiler to run dry. He was dismissed when the ship reached Punta Arenas,<sup id="cite_ref-Cool_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cool-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was on 1 December 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-Model_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Model-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further disciplinary problems at Punta Arenas resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a> being asked to intervene. The Swedish cook and three Belgian sailors were dismissed, and <i>Belgica</i> departed for the Antarctic somewhat undermanned.<sup id="cite_ref-Cool_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cool-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sailor Carl Wiencke was lost overboard en route to Antarctica, <a href="/wiki/Wiencke_Island" title="Wiencke Island">Wiencke Island</a> being named in his honour.<sup id="cite_ref-Cool_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cool-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Belgica</i> crossed the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Circle" title="Antarctic Circle">Antarctic Circle</a> on 15 February 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-Circle_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Circle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 March, <i>Belgica</i> became wedged in the <a href="/wiki/Pack_ice" class="mw-redirect" title="Pack ice">pack ice</a>. The crew had not prepared for overwintering in Antarctica well. De Gerlache forbade the crew to eat the <a href="/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin">penguin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seal_meat" title="Seal meat">seal meat</a> that had been stockpiled because he hated eating it. As a result, <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a> became a problem on board <i>Belgica</i>. Following the death of magnetician Emile Danco on 5 June 1898, the situation worsened.<sup id="cite_ref-Cool_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cool-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morale worsened after the death of <a href="/wiki/Nansen_(cat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nansen (cat)">Nansen</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_cat" title="Ship's cat">ship's cat</a>, on 22 June.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 22 July, command of the ship was taken by Amundsen and Cook, as de Gerlache and Lecointe were too ill. Cook insisted that the men ate the penguin and seal meat, following which the crew rapidly recovered from the scurvy. The prospect of a second winter in Antarctica spurred the crew on in their efforts to free <i>Belgica</i>. On 14 February 1899, <i>Belgica</i> was finally freed from the ice, although it was another month before she was able to set sail for Punta Arenas, where she arrived on 28 March.<sup id="cite_ref-Cool_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cool-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Belgica</i> was repaired in Punta Arenas, then sailed for <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina. Leaving Buenos Aires on 14 August 1899, she sailed for home, arriving at <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a> on 30 October and Antwerp on 5 November, sparking national celebrations in Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-Model_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Model-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following her return to Belgium in 1901, <i>Belgica</i> was again used for whaling.<sup id="cite_ref-Wreck_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wreck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arctic_expeditions">Arctic expeditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RV_Belgica_(1884)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Arctic expeditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yasmina_-_Belgica.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yasmina_-_Belgica.JPG/220px-Yasmina_-_Belgica.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yasmina_-_Belgica.JPG/330px-Yasmina_-_Belgica.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yasmina_-_Belgica.JPG/440px-Yasmina_-_Belgica.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2058" data-file-height="1611" /></a><figcaption>Belgica, painting (2012) by the Belgian painter Yasmina</figcaption></figure> <p>in 1901, <i>Belgica</i> was chartered as a supply vessel for the <a href="/wiki/Baldwin-Ziegler_Polar_Expedition" title="Baldwin-Ziegler Polar Expedition">Baldwin-Ziegler Polar Expedition</a>. Captain <a href="/wiki/Johan_Bryde" title="Johan Bryde">Johan Bryde</a> was to lay supply caches in northeastern Greenland, where the expedition hoped to return from the pole. On <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Island" title="Shannon Island">Shannon Island</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bass_Rock_(Greenland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bass Rock (Greenland) (page does not exist)">Bass Rock</a>, Bryde erected prefabricated houses made by Swedish company <a href="/w/index.php?title=F_O_Peterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F O Peterson (page does not exist)">F O Peterson</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_O_Peterson_%26_S%C3%B6ner" class="extiw" title="sv:F O Peterson & Söner">sv</a>]</span> and stocked them with coal, tins of food, kayaks, balloons and a hydrogen generator.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1902, <i>Belgica</i> was sold to N C Halvorsen,<sup id="cite_ref-Cool_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cool-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then later that year to <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1869%E2%80%931926)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1869–1926)">Philippe, Duke of Orléans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BelgeAG_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BelgeAG-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1905, she was used in an expedition to chart the north east coast of <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Belgica_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belgica-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Land" title="Franz Josef Land">Franz Josef Land</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Norge_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norge-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> de Gerlache again being involved. In 1907–09, <i>Belgica</i> was used in an expedition to the Arctic, again headed by Philippe and captained by de Gerlache.<sup id="cite_ref-Belgica_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belgica-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was planned to map Arctic Russia, but these plans were abandoned when <i>Belgica</i> again became trapped in ice.<sup id="cite_ref-Norge_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norge-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_history">Later history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RV_Belgica_(1884)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1916, <i>Belgica</i> was sold to the Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompagni, <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a> and was renamed <i>Isfjord</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BelgeAG_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BelgeAG-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was rebuilt to include cabins for female staff. <i>Isfjord</i> was used to carry <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> and passengers between Svalbard and northern Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-Patria_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patria-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1918, <i>Isfjord</i> was sold to Kristian Holst, <a href="/wiki/Harstad" class="mw-redirect" title="Harstad">Harstad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Norge_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norge-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was stripped of her bowsprit, dismasted and converted to a factory ship,<sup id="cite_ref-Patria_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patria-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regaining her former name <i>Belgica</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Norge_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norge-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the late 1930s, <i>Belgica</i> was used as a <a href="/wiki/Hulk_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulk (ship)">coal hulk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Patria_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patria-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1940, <i>Belgica</i> was requisitioned by the <a href="/wiki/Allied_campaign_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied campaign in Norway">Franco-British Expeditionary Force</a> for use as a depôt ship storing high explosives.<sup id="cite_ref-BelgeAG_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BelgeAG-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Belgica</i> was scuttled when the Franco-British Expeditionary Force evacuated from Harstad.<sup id="cite_ref-BelgeAG_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BelgeAG-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Allied evacuation of Harstad took place on 7 and 8 June 1940, and several British ships were also scuttled in order to avoid having them fall into German hands.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wreck of <i>Belgica</i> was discovered on <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>, 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-Rundt_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rundt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Belgica</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s anchor is an exhibit in the Polar Museum, <a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8" title="Tromsø">Tromsø</a>, Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-Model_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Model-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B8r-Troms_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sør-Troms Museum (page does not exist)">Sør-Troms Museum</a> in Harstad plans to hold an exhibition of artefacts retrieved from <i>Belgica</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Norge_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norge-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Replica">Replica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RV_Belgica_(1884)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Replica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Vereniging_zonder_winstoogmerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Vereniging zonder winstoogmerk">VZW</a> <i>New Belgica</i> was formed with the intention of constructing a <a href="/wiki/New_Belgica_(barque)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Belgica (barque)">replica of <i>Belgica</i></a>. The project was officially launched on 9 September 2007 at De Steenschuit's yard in <a href="/wiki/Boom,_Antwerp" class="mw-redirect" title="Boom, Antwerp">Boom, Antwerp</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kris_Peeters" title="Kris Peeters">Kris Peeters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister-President_of_Flanders" title="Minister-President of Flanders">Minister-President</a> of the Belgian region of Flanders.<sup id="cite_ref-Replica_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Replica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Queen_Paola_of_Belgium" title="Queen Paola of Belgium">Queen Paola</a> was the project's patron.<sup id="cite_ref-Norge_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norge-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction was scheduled for completion in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Replica_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Replica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is planned to raise the wreck of <i>Belgica</i> and to put it on display at the Belgian National Maritime Museum, Antwerp. Before the wreck is raised, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Navy" title="Royal Norwegian Navy">Royal Norwegian Navy</a> will remove the remaining ammunition.<sup id="cite_ref-Replica_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Replica-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tributes">Tributes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RV_Belgica_(1884)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tributes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 425 km-long (264 mi) scarp on <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> has been named <i><a href="/wiki/Belgica_Rupes" title="Belgica Rupes">Belgica Rupes</a></i> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> based on a suggestion by the <a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a> team.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RV_Belgica_(1884)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_exploration_ships_from_the_Heroic_Age,_1897%E2%80%931922" title="List of Antarctic exploration ships from the Heroic Age, 1897–1922">List of Antarctic exploration ships from the Heroic Age, 1897–1922</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RV_Belgica_(1884)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wreck-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wreck_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wreck_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wreck_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?13473">"Belgica (ex-Patria) (+1940)"</a>. Wrecksite<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belgica+%28ex-Patria%29+%28%2B1940%29&rft.pub=Wrecksite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrecksite.eu%2Fwreck.aspx%3F13473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rundt-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rundt_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rundt_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rundt_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724183311/http://www.rundtomdrammen.no/html/belgica.html">"Belgica"</a> (in Norwegian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rundtomdrammen.no/html/belgica.html">the original</a> on 24 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belgica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rundtomdrammen.no%2Fhtml%2Fbelgica.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patria-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Patria_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Patria_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Patria_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Patria_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Patria_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belgica-genootschap.be/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27&Itemid=17">"Technische fiche"</a> (in Dutch). Belgica Genootschap VZW<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technische+fiche&rft.pub=Belgica+Genootschap+VZW&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belgica-genootschap.be%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D27%26Itemid%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Circle-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Circle_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Circle_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Circle_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antarctic-circle.org/ships.htm">"ANTARCTIC SHIPS"</a>. Antarctic Circle<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANTARCTIC+SHIPS&rft.pub=Antarctic+Circle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antarctic-circle.org%2Fships.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Model-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Model_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Model_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Model_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Model_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Model_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Model_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Model_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101124064900/http://gianhien.net/retail/all/belgica.htm">"BELGICA"</a>. Gia Nhien & Co. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gianhien.net/retail/all/belgica.htm">the original</a> on 24 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BELGICA&rft.pub=Gia+Nhien+%26+Co&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gianhien.net%2Fretail%2Fall%2Fbelgica.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2002" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Val (2002). <i>Ship's Cats in War and Peace</i>. Shepperton: Nauticalia Ltd. pp. <span class="nowrap">59–</span>60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9530458-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9530458-1-1"><bdi>0-9530458-1-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ship%27s+Cats+in+War+and+Peace&rft.place=Shepperton&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E59-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.pub=Nauticalia+Ltd&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-9530458-1-1&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Val&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cool-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cool_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cool_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cool_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cool_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cool_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cool_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cool_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cool_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cool_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101009092129/http://coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/antarctic_whos_who_belgica.htm">"Adrien de Gerlache, Belgica, Belgian Antarctic Expedition 1897 – 1899"</a>. Cool Antarctica. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/antarctic_whos_who_belgica.htm">the original</a> on 9 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adrien+de+Gerlache%2C+Belgica%2C+Belgian+Antarctic+Expedition+1897+%E2%80%93+1899&rft.pub=Cool+Antarctica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coolantarctica.com%2FAntarctica%2520fact%2520file%2FHistory%2Fantarctic_whos_who_belgica.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapelotti2016" class="citation book cs1">Capelotti, Peter Joseph (2016). <i>The greatest show in the Arctic: the American exploration of Franz Josef Land, 1898-1905</i>. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">249–</span>251. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-5222-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-5222-6"><bdi>978-0-8061-5222-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+greatest+show+in+the+Arctic%3A+the+American+exploration+of+Franz+Josef+Land%2C+1898-1905&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E249-%3C%2Fspan%3E251&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-5222-6&rft.aulast=Capelotti&rft.aufirst=Peter+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BelgeAG-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BelgeAG_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BelgeAG_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BelgeAG_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BelgeAG_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belgischekoopvaardij.net/belgian%20merchant%20A-G%2023.5.04.pdf">"Belgian Merchant A-G"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Belgische Koopvaardij<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belgian+Merchant+A-G&rft.pub=Belgische+Koopvaardij&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belgischekoopvaardij.net%2Fbelgian%2520merchant%2520A-G%252023.5.04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belgica-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Belgica_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belgica_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belgica-genootschap.be/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10&Itemid=19">"Expedities"</a> (in Dutch). Belgica Genootschap VZW<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Expedities&rft.pub=Belgica+Genootschap+VZW&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belgica-genootschap.be%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D10%26Itemid%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norge-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Norge_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norge_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norge_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norge_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norge_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norge_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsinenglish.no/News/belgica.html">"Sunken polar ship emerges from the depths"</a>. Views and News from Norway. 20 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunken+polar+ship+emerges+from+the+depths&rft.pub=Views+and+News+from+Norway&rft.date=2009-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsinenglish.no%2FNews%2Fbelgica.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKindell" class="citation web cs1">Kindell, Don. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4006-19JUN01.htm">"Naval Events, June 1940, Part 1 of 4 Saturday 1st – Friday 7th"</a>. <i>Naval-History.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naval-History.net&rft.atitle=Naval+Events%2C+June+1940%2C+Part+1+of+4+Saturday+1st+%E2%80%93+Friday+7th&rft.aulast=Kindell&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naval-history.net%2FxDKWW2-4006-19JUN01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKindell" class="citation web cs1">Kindell, Don. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naval-history.net/xDKWW2-4006-19JUN02.htm">"Naval Events, June 1940, Part 2 of 4 Saturday 8th – Friday 14th"</a>. <i>Naval-History.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naval-History.net&rft.atitle=Naval+Events%2C+June+1940%2C+Part+2+of+4+Saturday+8th+%E2%80%93+Friday+14th&rft.aulast=Kindell&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naval-history.net%2FxDKWW2-4006-19JUN02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Replica-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Replica_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Replica_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Replica_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100819031630/http://www.steenschuit.be/steenschuit_overzicht/belgica_project_english_sum.html">"The New Belgica"</a>. Steenschuit. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.steenschuit.be/steenschuit_overzicht/belgica_project_english_sum.html">the original</a> on 19 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+New+Belgica&rft.pub=Steenschuit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.steenschuit.be%2Fsteenschuit_overzicht%2Fbelgica_project_english_sum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/15128">"Belgica Rupes"</a>. <i>Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature</i>. USGS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gazetteer+of+Planetary+Nomenclature&rft.atitle=Belgica+Rupes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanetarynames.wr.usgs.gov%2FFeature%2F15128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARV+Belgica+%281884%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=RV_Belgica_(1884)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Arctic_exploration" title="Arctic exploration">Arctic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Ocean_*_History_*_Expeditions_*_Research_stations364"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_exploration" title="Arctic exploration">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arctic_expeditions" title="List of Arctic expeditions">Expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_research_stations_in_the_Arctic" title="List of research stations in the Arctic">Research stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farthest_North" title="Farthest North">Farthest North</a><br /><a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Barentsz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Heemskerck" title="Jacob van Heemskerck">Heemskerck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Marmaduke" title="Thomas Marmaduke">Marmaduke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Carolus" title="Joris Carolus">Carolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Parry" title="William Edward Parry">Parry</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_magnetic_pole" title="North magnetic pole">North magnetic pole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ross (Royal Navy officer)">J. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abernethy_(explorer)" title="Thomas Abernethy (explorer)">Abernethy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Kent_Kane" title="Elisha Kent Kane">Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Israel_Hayes" title="Isaac Israel Hayes">Hayes</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Polaris_expedition" title="Polaris expedition"><i>Polaris</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Polaris_(1871)" title="USS Polaris (1871)"><i>Polaris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Hall" title="Charles Francis Hall">C. F. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Bessels" title="Emil Bessels">Bessels</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Expedition" title="British Arctic Expedition">British Arctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Alert_(1856)" title="HMS Alert (1856)">HMS <i>Alert</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nares" title="George Nares">Nares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1874)" title="HMS Discovery (1874)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Frederick_Stephenson" title="Henry Frederick Stephenson">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hastings_Markham" title="Albert Hastings Markham">Markham</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lady_Franklin_Bay_Expedition" title="Lady Franklin Bay Expedition">Lady Franklin Bay Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Greely" title="Adolphus Greely">Greely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Lockwood" title="James B. Lockwood">Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Brainard" title="David L. Brainard">Brainard</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nansen%27s_Fram_expedition" title="Nansen's Fram expedition">Nansen's <i>Fram</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Johansen" title="Hjalmar Johansen">Johansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Luigi_Amedeo,_Duke_of_the_Abruzzi" title="Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi">Amedeo</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9e%27s_Arctic_balloon_expedition" title="Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition">Andrée's balloon expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_August_Andr%C3%A9e" title="Salomon August Andrée">S. A. Andrée</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">F. Cook</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/SS_Roosevelt_(1905)" title="SS Roosevelt (1905)">SS <i>Roosevelt</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Peary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henson" title="Matthew Henson">Henson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Sedov" title="Georgy Sedov">Sedov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norge_(airship)" title="Norge (airship)"><i>Norge</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Nobile" title="Umberto Nobile">Nobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wisting" title="Oscar Wisting">Wisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Riiser-Larsen" title="Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen">Riiser-Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Ellsworth" title="Lincoln Ellsworth">Ellsworth</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Italia_(airship)" title="Italia (airship)"><i>Italia</i></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_O-12_(SS-73)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS O-12 (SS-73)"><i><b>Nautilus</b></i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Wilkins" title="Hubert Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-25" title="Tupolev ANT-25">ANT-25</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Chkalov" title="Valery Chkalov">Chkalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Baydukov" title="Georgy Baydukov">Baydukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vasilyevich_Belyakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Vasilyevich Belyakov">Belyakov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Drifting_ice_station" title="Drifting ice station">Drifting ice stations</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-1" title="North Pole-1">NP-1</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Papanin" title="Ivan Papanin">Papanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Shirshov" title="Pyotr Shirshov">Shirshov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Fyodorov_(scientist)" title="Yevgeny Fyodorov (scientist)">E. Fyodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenkel" title="Ernst Krenkel">Krenkel</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-36" title="North Pole-36">NP-36</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-37" title="North Pole-37">NP-37</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Georgiy_Sedov_(1908_icebreaker)" title="Georgiy Sedov (1908 icebreaker)"><i>Georgiy Sedov</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Badygin" title="Konstantin Badygin">Badygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Wiese" title="Vladimir Wiese">Wiese</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571)" title="USS Nautilus (SSN-571)">USS <i>Nautilus</i></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Skate_(SSN-578)" title="USS Skate (SSN-578)">USS <i>Skate</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Plaisted" title="Ralph Plaisted">Plaisted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Herbert" title="Wally Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arktika_(1972_icebreaker)" title="Arktika (1972 icebreaker)">NS <i>Arktika</i></a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barneo" title="Barneo">Barneo</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arktika_2007" title="Arktika 2007">Arktika 2007</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(submersible)" title="Mir (submersible)"><i>Mir</i> submersibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Sagalevich" title="Anatoly Sagalevich">Sagalevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Chilingarov" title="Artur Chilingarov">Chilingarov</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_the_Navigator" title="Brendan the Navigator">Brendan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Papar" title="Papar">Papar</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Viking_expansion" title="Viking expansion">Vikings</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naddodd" title="Naddodd">Naddodd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gar%C3%B0ar_Svavarsson" title="Garðar Svavarsson">Garðar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%B3lfr_Arnarson" title="Ingólfr Arnarson">Ingólfr</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse colonization of North America</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnbj%C3%B6rn_Ulfsson" title="Gunnbjörn Ulfsson">Gunnbjörn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%A6bj%C3%B6rn_galti" title="Snæbjörn galti">Snæbjörn galti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red" title="Erik the Red">Erik the Red</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV%27s_expeditions_to_Greenland" title="Christian IV's expeditions to Greenland">Christian IV's expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_(explorer)" title="James Hall (explorer)">J. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cunningham_(explorer)" title="John Cunningham (explorer)">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godske_Lindenov" title="Godske Lindenov">Lindenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Richardson" title="Carsten Richardson">C. Richardson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Danish colonization of the Americas">Danish colonization</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Egede</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scoresby" title="William Scoresby">Scoresby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Peary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Rasmussen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cabot" title="John Cabot">Cabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Corte-Real" title="Gaspar Corte-Real">G. Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Corte-Real" title="Miguel Corte-Real">M. Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Frobisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Gilbert" title="Humphrey Gilbert">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(explorer)" title="John Davis (explorer)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_(1602_ship)" title="Discovery (1602 ship)"><i>Discovery</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bylot" title="Robert Bylot">Bylot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baffin" title="William Baffin">Baffin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Munk" title="Jens Munk">Munk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fyodorov_(navigator)" title="Ivan Fyodorov (navigator)">I. Fyodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1774)" title="HMS Discovery (1774)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clerke" title="Charles Clerke">Clerke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(explorer)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Kotzebue" title="Otto von Kotzebue">Kotzebue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ross (Royal Navy officer)">J. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Griper_(1813)" title="HMS Griper (1813)">HMS <i>Griper</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Parry" title="William Edward Parry">Parry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Hecla_(1815)" title="HMS Hecla (1815)">HMS <i>Hecla</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Lyon" title="George Francis Lyon">Lyon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Fury_(1814)" title="HMS Fury (1814)">HMS <i>Fury</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkyns_Hoppner" title="Henry Parkyns Hoppner">Hoppner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Coppermine_expedition" title="Coppermine expedition">Coppermine expedition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin" title="John Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Back" title="George Back">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Warren_Dease" title="Peter Warren Dease">Dease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Simpson_(explorer)" title="Thomas Simpson (explorer)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Blossom_(1806)" title="HMS Blossom (1806)">HMS <i>Blossom</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Beechey" title="Frederick William Beechey">Beechey</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_lost_expedition" title="Franklin's lost expedition">Franklin's lost expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Collinson" title="Richard Collinson">Collinson</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rae%E2%80%93Richardson_Arctic_expedition" title="Rae–Richardson Arctic expedition">Rae–Richardson expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rae_(explorer)" title="John Rae (explorer)">Rae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(naturalist)" title="John Richardson (naturalist)">J. Richardson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Thomas_Austin" title="Horatio Thomas Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/McClure_Arctic_expedition" title="McClure Arctic expedition">McClure expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Investigator_(1848)" title="HMS Investigator (1848)">HMS <i>Investigator</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McClure" title="Robert McClure">McClure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolute_(1850)" title="HMS Resolute (1850)">HMS <i>Resolute</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kellett" title="Henry Kellett">Kellett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Belcher" title="Edward Belcher">Belcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(explorer)" title="William Kennedy (explorer)">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ren%C3%A9_Bellot" title="Joseph René Bellot">Bellot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_(1850_ship)" title="Isabel (1850 ship)"><i>Isabel</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Augustus_Inglefield" title="Edward Augustus Inglefield">Inglefield</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Grinnell_expedition" title="Second Grinnell expedition">2nd Grinnell expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Advance_(1847)" title="USS Advance (1847)">USS <i>Advance</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Kent_Kane" title="Elisha Kent Kane">Kane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_(ship)" title="Fox (ship)"><i>Fox</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_McClintock" title="Leopold McClintock">McClintock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jeannette_(1878)" title="USS Jeannette (1878)">HMS <i>Pandora</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Young" title="Allen Young">Young</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B8a" title="Gjøa">Gjøa</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Rasmussen</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Last_voyage_of_the_Karluk" title="Last voyage of the Karluk">Karluk</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilhjalmur_Stefansson" title="Vilhjalmur Stefansson">Stefansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bartlett_(explorer)" title="Robert Bartlett (explorer)">Bartlett</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St._Roch_(ship)" title="St. Roch (ship)"><i>St. Roch</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Larsen_(explorer)" title="Henry Larsen (explorer)">H. Larsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Scott_Cowper" title="David Scott Cowper">Cowper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sea_Route" title="Northern Sea Route">North East Passage</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Russian Arctic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pomors" title="Pomors">Pomors</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_(boat)" title="Koch (boat)">Koch boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Willoughby" title="Hugh Willoughby">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Chancellor" title="Richard Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Barentsz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Heemskerck" title="Jacob van Heemskerck">Heemskerck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mangazeya" title="Mangazeya">Mangazeya</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Poole" title="Jonas Poole">Poole</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Cossacks" title="Siberian Cossacks">Siberian Cossacks</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Perfilyev" title="Ilya Perfilyev">Perfilyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Stadukhin" title="Mikhail Stadukhin">Stadukhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Dezhnev" title="Semyon Dezhnev">Dezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedot_Alekseyevich_Popov" title="Fedot Alekseyevich Popov">Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurbat_Ivanov" title="Kurbat Ivanov">Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkury_Vagin" title="Merkury Vagin">Vagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Permyakov" title="Yakov Permyakov">Permyakov</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Expedition" title="Great Northern Expedition">Great Northern Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitus_Bering" title="Vitus Bering">Bering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Chirikov" title="Aleksei Chirikov">Chirikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Malygin" title="Stepan Malygin">Malygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ovtsyn" title="Dmitry Ovtsyn">Ovtsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Minin" title="Fyodor Minin">Minin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasili_Pronchishchev" title="Vasili Pronchishchev">V. Pronchishchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pronchishcheva" title="Maria Pronchishcheva">M. Pronchishcheva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Chelyuskin" title="Semyon Chelyuskin">Chelyuskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khariton_Laptev" title="Khariton Laptev">Kh. Laptev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Laptev" title="Dmitry Laptev">D. Laptev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Chichagov" title="Vasily Chichagov">Chichagov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Lyakhov" title="Ivan Lyakhov">Lyakhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Billings" title="Joseph Billings">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Sannikov" title="Yakov Sannikov">Sannikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matvei_Gedenshtrom" title="Matvei Gedenshtrom">Gedenshtrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Wrangel" title="Ferdinand von Wrangel">Wrangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Matyushkin" title="Fyodor Matyushkin">Matyushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Anjou" title="Pyotr Anjou">Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Benjamin_von_L%C3%BCtke" title="Friedrich Benjamin von Lütke">Litke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lavrov" title="Mikhail Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Pakhtusov" title="Pyotr Pakhtusov">Pakhtusov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgust_Tsivolko" title="Avgust Tsivolko">Tsivolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Middendorff" title="Alexander von Middendorff">Middendorff</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition" title="Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition">Austro-Hungarian Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Weyprecht" title="Karl Weyprecht">Weyprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Payer" title="Julius von Payer">Payer</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vega_Expedition" title="Vega Expedition"><i>Vega</i> Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" title="Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld">A. E. Nordenskiöld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Palander" title="Louis Palander">Palander</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_expedition" title="Jeannette expedition"><i>Jeannette</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jeannette_(1878)" title="USS Jeannette (1878)">USS <i>Jeannette</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._De_Long" title="George W. De Long">De Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Melville" title="George W. Melville">Melville</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yermak_(1898_icebreaker)" title="Yermak (1898 icebreaker)"><i>Yermak</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Makarov" title="Stepan Makarov">Makarov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zarya_(polar_ship)" title="Zarya (polar ship)"><i>Zarya</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Toll" title="Eduard von Toll">Toll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Kolomeitsev" title="Nikolai Kolomeitsev">Kolomeitsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Matisen" title="Fyodor Matisen">Matisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kolchak" title="Alexander Kolchak">Kolchak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Sedov" title="Georgy Sedov">Sedov</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rusanov_expedition" title="Rusanov expedition">Rusanov expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Rusanov" title="Vladimir Rusanov">Rusanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kuchin" title="Alexander Kuchin">Kuchin</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_expedition" title="Brusilov expedition">Brusilov expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Svyataya_Anna" title="Svyataya Anna">Sv. Anna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Brusilov" title="Georgy Brusilov">Brusilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_Albanov" title="Valerian Albanov">Albanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Konrad" title="Alexander Konrad">Konrad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Wiese" title="Vladimir Wiese">Wiese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Nag%C3%B3rski" title="Jan Nagórski">Nagórski</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taymyr_(1909_icebreaker)" title="Taymyr (1909 icebreaker)"><i>Taymyr</i></a></b> / <b><a href="/wiki/Vaygach_(1909_icebreaker)" title="Vaygach (1909 icebreaker)"><i>Vaygach</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Vilkitsky" title="Boris Vilkitsky">Vilkitsky</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maud_(ship)" title="Maud (ship)"><i>Maud</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arctic_and_Antarctic_Research_Institute" title="Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute">AARI</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Samoylovich" title="Rudolf Samoylovich">Samoylovich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikifor_Begichev" title="Nikifor Begichev">Begichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Urvantsev" title="Nikolay Urvantsev">Urvantsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadko_(1913_icebreaker)" title="Sadko (1913 icebreaker)"><i>Sadko</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Ushakov" title="Georgy Ushakov">Ushakov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Directorate_of_the_Northern_Sea_Route" title="Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route">Glavsevmorput</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schmidt" title="Otto Schmidt">Schmidt</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aviaarktika" title="Aviaarktika">Aviaarktika</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Shevelev" title="Mark Shevelev">Shevelev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Sibiryakov_(icebreaker)" title="A. Sibiryakov (icebreaker)"><i>A. Sibiryakov</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Voronin_(captain)" title="Vladimir Voronin (captain)">Voronin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Chelyuskin" title="SS Chelyuskin"><i>Chelyuskin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krassin_(1916_icebreaker)" title="Krassin (1916 icebreaker)"><i>Krassin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Gakkel" title="Yakov Gakkel">Gakkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear-powered_icebreaker" title="Nuclear-powered icebreaker">Nuclear-powered icebreakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenin_(1957_icebreaker)" title="Lenin (1957 icebreaker)"><i>Lenin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arktika-class_icebreaker" title="Arktika-class icebreaker"><i>Arktika</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreaker</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctic21" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic exploration">Antarctic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Continent_*_History_*_Expeditions520"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Continent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Antarctica" title="History of Antarctica">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_expeditions" title="List of Antarctic expeditions">Expeditions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_de_la_Roch%C3%A9" title="Anthony de la Roché">Roché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charles_Bouvet_de_Lozier" title="Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier">Bouvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves-Joseph_de_Kerguelen-Tr%C3%A9marec" title="Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec">Kerguelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Furneaux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(mariner)" title="William Smith (mariner)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Telmo_(Spanish_ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Telmo (Spanish ship)"><i>San Telmo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(sloop-of-war)" title="Vostok (sloop-of-war)"><i>Vostok</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Gottlieb_von_Bellingshausen" title="Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen">Bellingshausen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirny_(sloop-of-war)" title="Mirny (sloop-of-war)"><i>Mirny</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lazarev" title="Mikhail Lazarev">Lazarev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bransfield" title="Edward Bransfield">Bransfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Palmer" title="Nathaniel Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(sealer)" title="John Davis (sealer)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weddell" title="James Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Morrell" title="Benjamin Morrell">Morrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Astrolabe_(1811)" title="French ship Astrolabe (1811)"><i>Astrolabe</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dumont_d%27Urville" title="Jules Dumont d'Urville">Dumont d'Urville</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Exploring_Expedition" title="United States Exploring Expedition">United States Exploring Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Vincennes_(1826)" title="USS Vincennes (1826)">USS <i>Vincennes</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wilkes" title="Charles Wilkes">Wilkes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Porpoise_(1836)" title="USS Porpoise (1836)">USS <i>Porpoise</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadwalader_Ringgold" title="Cadwalader Ringgold">Ringgold</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ross_expedition" title="Ross expedition">Ross expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abernethy_(explorer)" title="Thomas Abernethy (explorer)">Abernethy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercator_Cooper" title="Mercator Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Challenger_expedition" title="Challenger expedition">Challenger expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Challenger_(1858)" title="HMS Challenger (1858)">HMS <i>Challenger</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nares" title="George Nares">Nares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(oceanographer)" title="John Murray (oceanographer)">Murray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">C. A. Larsen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">"</span><a href="/wiki/Heroic_Age_of_Antarctic_Exploration" title="Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration">Heroic Age</a><span class="nobold">"</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Belgian Antarctic Expedition">Belgian Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Belgica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_de_Gerlache" title="Adrien de Gerlache">de Gerlache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lecointe_(explorer)" title="Georges Lecointe (explorer)">Lecointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Arctowski" title="Henryk Arctowski">Arctowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Racovi%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Emil Racoviță">Racoviță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Boles%C5%82aw_Dobrowolski" title="Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski">Dobrowolski</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)" title="SS Southern Cross (1886)"><i>Southern Cross</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Borchgrevink</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RRS_Discovery" title="RRS Discovery"><i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Hut" title="Discovery Hut">Discovery Hut</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gauss_expedition" title="Gauss expedition">Gauss</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gauss_(ship)" title="Gauss (ship)">Gauss</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Drygalski" title="Erich von Drygalski">Drygalski</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Swedish Antarctic Expedition">Swedish Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_(ship)" title="Antarctic (ship)"><i>Antarctic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Nordenskj%C3%B6ld" title="Otto Nordenskjöld">O. Nordenskjöld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">C. A. Larsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Scottish National Antarctic Expedition">Scottish Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Speirs_Bruce" title="William Speirs Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_(barque)" title="Scotia (barque)"><i>Scotia</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orcadas_Base" title="Orcadas Base">Orcadas Base</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition">Nimrod Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_(1867_ship)" title="Nimrod (1867 ship)">Nimrod</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Antarctic_Expedition" title="French Antarctic Expedition">French Antarctic Expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pourquoi-Pas_(1908)" title="Pourquoi-Pas (1908)"><i>Pourquoi-Pas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charcot" title="Jean-Baptiste Charcot">Charcot</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Japanese Antarctic Expedition">Japanese Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobu_Shirase" title="Nobu Shirase">Shirase</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition" title="Amundsen's South Pole expedition">Amundsen's South Pole expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Framheim" title="Framheim">Framheim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polheim" title="Polheim">Polheim</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_(ship)" title="Terra Nova (ship)"><i>Terra Nova</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wilson_(explorer)" title="Edward Wilson (explorer)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Evans,_1st_Baron_Mountevans" title="Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans">E. R. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Crean_(explorer)" title="Tom Crean (explorer)">Crean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lashly" title="William Lashly">Lashly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Filchner" title="Wilhelm Filchner">Filchner</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Australasian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Australasian Antarctic Expedition">Australasian Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SY_Aurora" title="SY Aurora">SY <i>Aurora</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Mawson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Party" title="Far Eastern Party">Far Eastern Party</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_(1912_ship)" title="Endurance (1912 ship)"><i>Endurance</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Wild</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Voyage_of_the_James_Caird" title="Voyage of the James Caird"><i>James Caird</i></a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea_party" title="Ross Sea party">Ross Sea party</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas_Mackintosh" title="Aeneas Mackintosh">Mackintosh</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shackleton%E2%80%93Rowett_Expedition" title="Shackleton–Rowett Expedition">Shackleton–Rowett Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(ship)" title="Quest (ship)"><i>Quest</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Polar_Year" title="International Polar Year">IPY</a> · <a href="/wiki/International_Geophysical_Year" title="International Geophysical Year">IGY</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Research_stations_in_Antarctica" title="Research stations in Antarctica">Modern research</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Christensen" title="Lars Christensen">Christensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Australian_and_New_Zealand_Antarctic_Research_Expedition" title="British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition">BANZARE</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Graham_Land_expedition" title="British Graham Land expedition">BGLE</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rymill" title="John Rymill">Rymill</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ritscher" title="Alfred Ritscher">Ritscher</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tabarin" title="Operation Tabarin">Operation Tabarin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Marr_(biologist)" title="James Marr (biologist)">Marr</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Highjump" title="Operation Highjump">Operation Highjump</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Arturo_Prat_Base" title="Captain Arturo Prat Base">Captain Arturo Prat Base</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Survey" title="British Antarctic Survey">British Antarctic Survey</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Windmill" title="Operation Windmill">Operation Windmill</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ketchum" title="Gerald Ketchum">Ketchum</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ronne_Antarctic_Research_Expedition" title="Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition">Ronne Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finn_Ronne" title="Finn Ronne">F. Ronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Ronne" title="Jackie Ronne">E. Ronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Schlossbach" title="Isaac Schlossbach">Schlossbach</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deep_Freeze" title="Operation Deep Freeze">Operation Deep Freeze</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Station" title="McMurdo Station">McMurdo Station</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">V. Fuchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Soviet Antarctic Expedition">Soviet Antarctic Expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition">1st</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Somov" title="Mikhail Somov">Somov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Klenova" title="Maria Klenova">Klenova</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirny_Station" title="Mirny Station">Mirny</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2nd_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition">2nd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Tryoshnikov" title="Alexey Tryoshnikov">Tryoshnikov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/3rd_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition">3rd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Tolstikov" title="Yevgeny Tolstikov">Tolstikov</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty System</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Transglobe_Expedition" title="Transglobe Expedition">Transglobe Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Fiennes" title="Ranulph Fiennes">Fiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Burton" title="Charles R. Burton">Burton</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lake_Vostok" title="Lake Vostok">Lake Vostok</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Kapitsa" title="Andrey Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farthest_South" title="Farthest South">Farthest South</a><br /><a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Furneaux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weddell" title="James Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Borchgrevink</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barne" title="Michael Barne">Barne</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition">Nimrod</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Marshall" title="Eric Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameson_Adams" title="Jameson Adams">Adams</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_magnetic_pole" title="South magnetic pole">South magnetic pole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Mawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgeworth_David" title="Edgeworth David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Mackay" title="Alistair Mackay">Mackay</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition" title="Amundsen's South Pole expedition">Amundsen's South Pole expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olav_Bjaaland" title="Olav Bjaaland">Bjaaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmer_Hanssen" title="Helmer Hanssen">Helmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverre_Hassel" title="Sverre Hassel">Hassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wisting" title="Oscar Wisting">Wisting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polheim" title="Polheim">Polheim</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Evans" title="Edgar Evans">E. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Oates" title="Lawrence Oates">Oates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wilson_(explorer)" title="Edward Wilson (explorer)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Robertson_Bowers" title="Henry Robertson Bowers">Bowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apsley_Cherry-Garrard" title="Apsley Cherry-Garrard">Cherry-Garrard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernt_Balchen" title="Bernt Balchen">Balchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Chadbourne_McKinley" title="Ashley Chadbourne McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Dufek" title="George J. Dufek">Dufek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%E2%80%93Scott_South_Pole_Station" title="Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station">Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">V. Fuchs</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Cold" title="Pole of Cold">Pole of Cold</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_Station" title="Vostok Station">Vostok Station</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_inaccessibility" title="Pole of inaccessibility">Pole of inaccessibility</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Inaccessibility_research_station" title="Pole of Inaccessibility research station">Pole of Inaccessibility research station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Tolstikov" title="Yevgeny Tolstikov">Tolstikov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_P._Crary" title="Albert P. Crary">Crary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arved_Fuchs" title="Arved Fuchs">A. Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Messner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_May_1940603" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:May_1940_shipwrecks" title="Template:May 1940 shipwrecks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:May_1940_shipwrecks" title="Template talk:May 1940 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:May_1940_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:May 1940 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_May_1940603" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in May 1940</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_May_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in May 1940">Shipwrecks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1 May: <a href="/wiki/SS_Arlington" title="SS Arlington"><i>Arlington</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Dronning_Maud_(1925)" title="SS Dronning Maud (1925)"><i>Dronning Maud</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/HNoMS_Uller_(1876)" title="HNoMS Uller (1876)">Uller</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">3 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Afridi_(F07)" title="HMS Afridi (F07)">HMS <i>Afridi</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Bison_(1928)" title="French destroyer Bison (1928)">Bison</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">4 May: <span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/ORP_Grom_(1936)" title="ORP Grom (1936)">ORP <i>Grom</i></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">5 May: <i><a href="/wiki/TSS_Maianbar" title="TSS Maianbar">Maianbar</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">8 May: <a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Doris_(Q135)" title="French submarine Doris (Q135)"><i>Doris</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">10 May: <a href="/wiki/SS_Nordnorge_(1923)" title="SS Nordnorge (1923)"><i>Nordnorge</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Goslar_(ship)" title="Goslar (ship)">Goslar</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 May: <a href="/wiki/SS_Antilla_(1939)" title="SS Antilla (1939)"><i>Antilla</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">12 May: <a href="/wiki/HMCS_Ypres" title="HMCS Ypres">HMCS <i>Gate Vessel 1</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">14 May: <span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Abraham_van_der_Hulst_(1937)" title="HNLMS Abraham van der Hulst (1937)">HNLMS <i>Abraham van der Hulst</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Jacob_van_Heemskerck_(1906)" title="HNLMS Jacob van Heemskerck (1906)"><i>Batterijschip Ijmuiden</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_destroyer_ZH1" title="German destroyer ZH1">HNLMS <i>Gerard Callenburgh</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Johan_Maurits_van_Nassau_(1932)" title="HNLMS Johan Maurits van Nassau (1932)">HNLMS <i>Johan Maurits van Nassau</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Jan_Pieterszoon_Coen" title="SS Jan Pieterszoon Coen"><i>Jan Pieterszoon Coen</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_H6" title="HMS H6">HNLMS <i>O 8</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_O_11" title="HNLMS O 11">HNLMS <i>O 11</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_O_12" title="HNLMS O 12">HNLMS <i>O 12</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_UD-3" title="German submarine UD-3">HNLMS <i>O 25</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_UD-4" title="German submarine UD-4">HNLMS <i>O 26</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_UD-5" title="German submarine UD-5">HNLMS <i>O 27</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Pieter_Florisz_(1937)" title="HNLMS Pieter Florisz (1937)">HNLMS <i>Pieter Florisz</i></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">15 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Valentine_(L69)" title="HMS Valentine (L69)">HMS <i>Valentine</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 May: <a href="/wiki/MS_Chrobry" title="MS Chrobry"><i>Chrobry</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 May: <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Noordbrabant_(1899)" title="HNLMS Noordbrabant (1899)">HNLMS <i>Noordbrabant</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Effingham" title="HMS Effingham">HMS <i>Effingham</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Sirius_(1885)" title="SS Sirius (1885)"><i>Sirius</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">19 May: <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Belgica</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Whitley_(L23)" title="HMS Whitley (L23)">HMS <i>Whitley</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 May: <a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_L%27Adroit_(1927)" title="French destroyer L'Adroit (1927)"><i>L'Adroit</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">23 May: <a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Jaguar" title="French destroyer Jaguar"><i>Jaguar</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Orage" title="French destroyer Orage"><i>Orage</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">24 May: <a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Chacal" title="French destroyer Chacal"><i>Chacal</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Wessex_(D43)" title="HMS Wessex (D43)">HMS <i>Wessex</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">25 May: <a href="/wiki/ORP_Orze%C5%82_(1938)" title="ORP Orzeł (1938)">ORP <i>Orzeł</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">26 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Curlew_(D42)" title="HMS Curlew (D42)">HMS <i>Curlew</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">27 May: <a href="/wiki/SS_Cap_Tafelneh" title="SS Cap Tafelneh"><i>Cap Tafelneh</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">28 May: <a href="/wiki/SS_Abukir" title="SS Abukir"><i>Abukir</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">29 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Grafton_(H89)" title="HMS Grafton (H89)">HMS <i>Grafton</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Grenade_(H86)" title="HMS Grenade (H86)">HMS <i>Grenade</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Lorina_(1918)" title="SS Lorina (1918)"><i>Lorina</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Mona%27s_Queen_(1934)" title="SS Mona's Queen (1934)"><i>Mona's Queen</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Wakeful_(H88)" title="HMS Wakeful (H88)">HMS <i>Wakeful</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">30 May: <a href="/wiki/SS_Fenella_(1936)" title="SS Fenella (1936)"><i>Fenella</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Bourrasque" title="French destroyer Bourrasque"><i>Bourrasque</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_King_Orry_(1913)" title="SS King Orry (1913)">HMS <i>King Orry</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Normannia_(1911)" title="SS Normannia (1911)"><i>Normannia</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">31 May: <a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Siroco_(1925)" title="French destroyer Siroco (1925)"><i>Siroco</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-13_(1935)" title="German submarine U-13 (1935)"><i>U-13</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Unkmnow date: <a href="/wiki/SS_Munich_(1908)" title="SS Munich (1908)"><i>Munich</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">5 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Seal_(N37)" title="HMS Seal (N37)">HMS <i>Seal</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">8 May: <a href="/wiki/USS_Tutuila_(PR-4)" title="USS Tutuila (PR-4)">USS <i>Tutuila</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 May: <a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Amazone_(Q161)" title="French submarine Amazone (Q161)"><i>Amazone</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Shark_(54S)" title="HMS Shark (54S)">HMS <i>Shark</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_Statendam_(1924)" title="SS Statendam (1924)"><i>Statendam</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">12 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Revenge_(06)" title="HMS Revenge (06)">HMS <i>Revenge</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">14 May: <a href="/wiki/MS_Chrobry" title="MS Chrobry"><i>Chrobry</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 May: <a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Circ%C3%A9_(Q125)" title="French submarine Circé (Q125)"><i>Circé</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Sibylle_(Q175)" title="French submarine Sibylle (Q175)"><i>Sibylle</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">20 May: <a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Antiope" title="French submarine Antiope"><i>Antiope</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Sibylle_(Q175)" title="French submarine Sibylle (Q175)"><i>Sibylle</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">29 May: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Bideford_(L43)" title="HMS Bideford (L43)">HMS <i>Bideford</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Montrose_(D01)" title="HMS Montrose (D01)">HMS <i>Montrose</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Unknown date: <a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Achille" title="French submarine Achille"><i>Achille</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1939" title="List of shipwrecks in 1939">1939</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1939" title="List of shipwrecks in 1939"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in 1940">1940</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1941" title="List of shipwrecks in 1941"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1941" title="List of shipwrecks in 1941">1941</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in April 1940">April 1940</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_April_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in April 1940"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_June_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in June 1940"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_June_1940" title="List of shipwrecks in June 1940">June 1940</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815476#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata696" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815476#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata696" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815476#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316884355">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Belgica (loď)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko20231180842&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=RV_Belgica_(1884)&params=68_47_42_N_16_35_37_E_source:nlwiki_type:landmark_region:NO"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">68°47′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">16°35′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">68.79500°N 16.59361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">68.79500; 16.59361</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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