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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" 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<div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-偏旁部首" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#偏旁部首"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>偏旁部首</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-偏旁部首-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-傳統字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#傳統字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>傳統字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-傳統字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-新字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#新字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>新字</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-新字-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关新字子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-新字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-意譯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#意譯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>意譯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-意譯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音譯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音譯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>音譯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音譯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-读音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#读音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>读音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-读音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-兩岸三地譯名差異" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#兩岸三地譯名差異"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>兩岸三地譯名差異</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-兩岸三地譯名差異-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-氢的同位素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氢的同位素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>氢的同位素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氢的同位素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" 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class="mw-page-title-main">化学元素的中文命名法</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。4种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elements_in_East_Asian_languages" title="Chemical elements in East Asian languages – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemical elements in East Asian languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur_kimia_dalam_bahasa_di_Asia_Timur" title="Unsur kimia dalam bahasa di Asia Timur – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Unsur kimia dalam bahasa di Asia Timur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0" title="元素の中国語名称 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="元素の中国語名称" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C%EC%9D%98_%ED%95%9C%EB%AC%B8_%EB%AA%85%EB%AA%85%EB%B2%95" title="원소의 한문 명명법 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원소의 한문 명명법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4391770#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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.hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><b>注意</b>：本页有<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E9%9F%93%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%A8%E6%84%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="中日韓統一表意文字">Unihan</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E9%9F%93%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%A8%E6%84%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%93%B4%E5%B1%95%E5%8D%80B" title="中日韓統一表意文字擴展區B">扩展B区</a>汉字：「<span><span class="plainlinks" style="font-family: sans-serif, 'FZSongS-Extended', 'FZSongS-Extended(SIP)', 'WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono', 'BabelStone Han', 'HanaMinB', 'I.MingCP', 'I.Ming', 'FZSong-Extended', 'Arial Unicode MS', Code2002, DFSongStd, 'STHeiti SC', unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, LastResort;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=25462">𥑢</a></span>、<span class="plainlinks" style="font-family: sans-serif, 'FZSongS-Extended', 'FZSongS-Extended(SIP)', 'WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono', 'BabelStone Han', 'HanaMinB', 'I.MingCP', 'I.Ming', 'FZSong-Extended', 'Arial Unicode MS', Code2002, DFSongStd, 'STHeiti SC', unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, LastResort;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=28C3E">𨰾</a></span></span>」，這些字符可能會<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%82%E7%A2%BC" title="亂碼">错误显示</a>，詳见<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unicode%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="Wikipedia:Unicode扩展汉字">Unicode扩展汉字</a>。</div> <p><b>元素的中文命名法</b>，是指使用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="中文">中文</a>来命名<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="化学元素">化学元素</a>的方法。 </p><p>每个元素使用一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a>来表示。在古代已知的元素，則已有现成的汉字命名，如：金、銀、鐵、汞...；而古人未知，近代新发现的元素则通常使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%9B%B8#形聲" title="六書">形声</a>命名。 </p><p>从元素的<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E6%97%81" title="偏旁">偏旁</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96" title="部首">部首</a>能够反映出其性质和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="常溫">常溫</a>下的状态。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>的用字稍有不同。 </p><p>由于汉语元素名称为单字，所以有时，口语中为了利于听清，会特意强调称为“某元素”，如“铜”称“铜元素”。 </p><p>118号之后未命名的元素汉语常称为“某号元素”，如“119号元素”。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>1855年，英国医生和传教士<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E4%BF%A1" title="合信">合信</a>在上海<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E6%B5%B7%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86" title="墨海书馆">墨海书馆</a>发表了一篇名为《博物新编》的科学书。<sup id="cite_ref-liuguangding1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liuguangding1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在这本书中，元素被翻译为“元质”，并介绍了诸如氢气，氮气和氧气等气体的特性和制造方法。元素名称的翻译不一致，氢被翻译为“轻气”或“水母气”，氧被翻译为“养气”或“生气”。氮是“淡气” 。“水母气”似乎是基于英语单词“hydrogen”的词源的翻译，其他翻译似乎与相应英语单词的词源无关。 </p><p>自《博物新篇》之后，到19世纪70年代为止，《金石识别》、《格物入门》、《化学初阶》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%89%B4%E5%8E%9F" title="化学鉴原">化学鉴原</a>》等书籍试图将化学元素的名称翻译成中文。<sup id="cite_ref-liuguangding1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liuguangding1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zhanghao_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhanghao-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>正如后面的对照表所示，这些译词因作者而异。 </p><p>美国医生兼传教士玛高温和华蘅芳译了詹姆斯·德怀特·达纳的矿物学文件《Manual of Mineralogy》，名为《金石识别》。<i>在所有12卷的第11卷的末尾，都</i>有一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>列表，称为“重率全表”，并且元素名称有些意译，有些音译，例如，英语“sodium”（<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">钠</a>）翻译为“素地恩”，“夕里西恩”被认为是英语“silicium”（“silicon”的同义词）（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">硅</a>）的翻译。 </p><p>美国传教士丁韪良著有《格物入门》。全7卷中卷六处理化学，其中有一个元素一览表，名为“原行总目”。该一览表所载元素部分附有中文翻译，其译词如下表所示，大致为直译。本书翻译为砷的“信石”是指在信浓国生产的石头，其中含有三氧化二砷。翻译成锰的“蒙石”，可能是音译。 </p><p>嘉约翰和何瞭然以乔治·福恩斯（George Fownes）的《Manual of Chemistry》和大卫·埃姆斯·威尔斯（David Ames Wells）的《Well's Principles and Applications of Chemistry》为基础著有《化学初阶》。如下表所示，元素名称有两种类型，一种是意译，另一种是音译。意译如“钒”（铝），通过在“矾”的同音字“凡”中添加金字旁，表示铝。音译如“鍟”（锌），用“星”模仿英语“zinc”的发音，表示锌。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E5%85%B0%E9%9B%85" title="傅兰雅">傅兰雅</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%AF%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="徐寿">徐寿</a>将《Well's Principles and Applications of Chemistry》翻译为《化学鉴原》。该书采用的命名规则在卷一“第二十九节华字命名”中进行了说明。由于很难以简明的方式意译元素的名称，并且对西方名称完整音译会过于冗长<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ，因此，将西方发音的第一个音节译成一个汉字，如果不方便，则将下一个音节译成一个汉字，并向该汉字添加了偏旁（石字旁、金字旁）表示元素种类<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。另外，如果元素名称不是一个汉字，化合物命名就不方便，因此“白铅”或“倭铅”改为音译“锌”（zinc）<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，“白金”改为“铂”<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在《化学鉴原》中，只有元素名称是一个汉字，才能命名化合物。在该书中，将组成式和分子式的元素符号替换为汉字，并将阿拉伯数字替换为汉字数字表示化合物。例如，在该书中，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%AB" title="三氧化硫">三氧化硫</a>（SO<sub>3</sub>）为“硫养<sub>三”</sub> <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>（CO<sub>2</sub>）由“ 炭养<sub>二</sub>”表示（“养”为“养气”，即氧气。实际上是直写）。 </p><p>下表对这四部书中1－35号元素的翻译进行了对比<sup id="cite_ref-liuguangding1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liuguangding1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 “淡气”在《格物入门》中指<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">氢</a>气，而在《化学初阶》和《化学鉴原》中指<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>气；“钒”在《化学初阶》中指<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a>（铝），而在《化学鉴原》指<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">V</a>。另外，《金石识别》是多字音译，《格物入门》是意译，《化学初阶》是单字翻译（包括音译和意译），《化学鉴原》是单字音译，这种趋势可以看出来。此外，可以看出，目前的翻译类似于《化学鉴原》的翻译。 </p> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto"> <caption>早期的元素中文翻译 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>序数 </th> <th>符号 </th> <th>金石识别 </th> <th>格物入门 </th> <th>化学初阶 </th> <th>化学鉴原 </th> <th>现代名称 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">1 </td> <td>H </td> <td>輕氣 </td> <td>淡氣 </td> <td>輕氣 </td> <td>輕氣 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">氢</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">3 </td> <td>Li </td> <td>劣非地恩 </td> <td> </td> <td>鋰 </td> <td>鋰 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">锂</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">5 </td> <td>B </td> <td>布而倫 </td> <td>硼精 </td> <td>硼 </td> <td>𥑢 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">硼</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">6 </td> <td>C </td> <td>炭 </td> <td>炭精 </td> <td>炭精 </td> <td>炭 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">7 </td> <td>N </td> <td>硝氣 </td> <td>硝氣 </td> <td>淡氣 </td> <td>淡氣 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">8 </td> <td>O </td> <td>養氣 </td> <td>養氣 </td> <td>養氣 </td> <td>養氣 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">9 </td> <td>F </td> <td>夫羅而林 </td> <td> </td> <td>弗氣 </td> <td>弗氣 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">氟</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">11 </td> <td>Na </td> <td>素地恩 </td> <td>鹻精 </td> <td>鏀 </td> <td>钠 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">钠</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">12 </td> <td>Mg </td> <td>美合尼西恩 </td> <td> </td> <td>镁 </td> <td>镁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">镁</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">13 </td> <td>Al </td> <td>哀盧彌尼恩 </td> <td>礬精 </td> <td>钒 </td> <td>铝 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">铝</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">14 </td> <td>Si </td> <td>夕里西恩 </td> <td>玻精 </td> <td>玻 </td> <td>矽 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">硅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="矽">矽</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">15 </td> <td>P </td> <td>燐 </td> <td>光藥 </td> <td>燐 </td> <td>燐 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">16 </td> <td>S </td> <td>硫磺 </td> <td>硫磺 </td> <td>硫磺 </td> <td>硫 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">17 </td> <td>Cl </td> <td>緑氣 </td> <td>緑氣 </td> <td>緑氣 </td> <td>緑氣 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">氯</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">19 </td> <td>K </td> <td>卜對斯恩 </td> <td>灰精 </td> <td>𨦗 </td> <td>钾 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">钾</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">20 </td> <td>Ca </td> <td>丐而西恩 </td> <td>石精 </td> <td>鉐 </td> <td>钙 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">钙</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">23 </td> <td>V </td> <td>凡奈地恩 </td> <td> </td> <td>鐇 </td> <td>钒 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">钒</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">24 </td> <td>Cr </td> <td>客羅彌恩 </td> <td> </td> <td>鏴 </td> <td>铬 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">铬</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">25 </td> <td>Mn </td> <td>孟葛尼斯 </td> <td>蒙石 </td> <td>锰 </td> <td>锰 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">锰</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">26 </td> <td>Fe </td> <td>鐵 </td> <td>鐵 </td> <td>鐵 </td> <td>鐵 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">铁</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">27 </td> <td>Co </td> <td>苦抱爾 </td> <td> </td> <td>鎬 </td> <td>鈷 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">钴</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">28 </td> <td>Ni </td> <td>臬客爾 </td> <td> </td> <td>镉 </td> <td>镍 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">镍</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">29 </td> <td>Cu </td> <td>銅 </td> <td>銅 </td> <td>銅 </td> <td>銅 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">铜</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">30 </td> <td>Zn </td> <td>白鉛 </td> <td>白鉛 </td> <td>鍟 </td> <td>锌 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">锌</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">33 </td> <td>As </td> <td>砒 </td> <td>信石 </td> <td>⿱信金 </td> <td>鉮 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">砷</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">34 </td> <td>Se </td> <td>西里尼恩 </td> <td>硒 </td> <td>硒 </td> <td>硒 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">35 </td> <td>Br </td> <td>孛羅名 </td> <td> </td> <td>溴 </td> <td>溴 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">溴</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="偏旁部首"><span id=".E5.81.8F.E6.97.81.E9.83.A8.E9.A6.96"></span>偏旁部首</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：偏旁部首"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<b>中文元素命名法</b>裡，每個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>用一個漢字命名，并用該字<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96" title="部首">部首</a>来表示此元素<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="常溫">常溫</a>（攝氏25度，華氏77度，或者開氏298度）時之物态： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="固態">固態</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属">金属</a>元素使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%83%A8_(%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96)" title="金部 (部首)">金字旁</a>。例：<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="銠">銠</a></li> <li>固體的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="非金属">非金属</a>元素使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%83%A8" title="石部">石字旁</a>。例：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="矽">矽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="液態">液態</a>元素使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%83%A8_(%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96)" title="水部 (部首)">水字旁</a>（在左偏旁時作三點水）。例：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">溴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="气态">气态</a>元素使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E9%83%A8" title="气部">气字旁</a>。例：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">氟</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="傳統字"><span id=".E5.82.B3.E7.B5.B1.E5.AD.97"></span>傳統字</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：傳統字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="银">银</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">铜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">铁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">锡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">铅</a>是古代就已知的元素，故無需造字，可直接使用。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷</a>之名称来自<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E7%81%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="磷火">磷火</a>一物，本作“粦”或“燐”，后加石旁以符合元素命名规范。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>之名称来自木炭、煤炭等物，本作“炭”，后加石旁以符合元素命名规范。 </p><p>另外，部分元素的命名源自於古代的生僻字。 </p><p>明太祖<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%85%83%E7%92%8B" title="朱元璋">朱元璋</a>訂定了後代取名的規則，其中名字的第二個字必須依照「木火土金水」的順序取。但後來朱家的後代發現火字旁和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E6%97%81" class="mw-redirect" title="金字旁">金字旁</a>的字不夠用，便從古書中發掘了許多生僻字，甚至自己造字，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%85%8E%E9%90%B3" title="朱慎鐳">朱慎<b>鐳</b></a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%BE%B5%E9%87%99" title="朱徵釙">朱徵<b>釙</b></a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%82%A6%E7%83%AF" title="朱悦烯">朱悅<b>烯</b></a>。這些字與現代化學元素用字基本都是“同形字”關係，即字形恰好一致，但音、義並無邏輯上的關聯。今人創造化學元素用字時並未參考這些古字。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="新字"><span id=".E6.96.B0.E5.AD.97"></span>新字</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：新字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>元素的名称是十九、二十世纪创造的，组成由一个部首和表示读音的部分。是在近代化学由西方进入中国后，遵循<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%AF%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="徐寿">徐寿</a>创造的中文命名原则。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="意譯"><span id=".E6.84.8F.E8.AD.AF"></span>意譯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：意譯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>少数部分元素中文名称是描述特徵： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">溴</a>：味道臭。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">氯</a>：最初翻译为“绿气”，颜色黄绿色。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">氢</a>：最初翻译为“轻气”，重量轻。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>：最初翻译为“淡气”，取冲淡空气之意。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>：最初翻译为“养气”，取“养育”生命之意。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%91" class="mw-redirect" title="鉑">鉑</a>：“白金”合为一字的写法（“铂”本指金属箔）。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音譯"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E8.AD.AF"></span>音譯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：音譯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>其余元素中文名称为<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%91" title="音译">音译</a>。读音部分几乎全部是大约根据<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a>现代或中古化学家或地方的名称（参见<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E8%AF%8D%E6%BA%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学元素名称词源列表（页面不存在）">化学元素名称词源列表</a>）的第一个音节，例如： </p> <ul><li>用第一个音节： <ul><li>Er（<u>Er</u>bium）＝金＋耳→<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">铒</a></li> <li>Nd（<u>Neo</u>dymium）＝金＋女→<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">钕</a></li> <li>Eu（<u>Eu</u>ropium）＝金＋有→<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">铕</a></li> <li>K（<u>Ka</u>lium）＝金＋甲→<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">钾</a></li> <li>Na（<u>Na</u>trium）＝金＋内→<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">钠</a></li> <li>W (<u>Wo</u>lfram) ＝金＋烏→<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="鎢">鎢</a></li> <li>Sb（S<u>ti</u>bium）＝金＋弟→<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">锑</a>（用第一音节的一部分）</li> <li>Ar（<u>A</u>rgon）＝气＋亚→<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">氩</a>（用第一音节的一部分）</li> <li>Sc (S<u>can</u>dium）＝金＋亢→<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="鈧">鈧</a>（用第一音节的一部分）</li></ul></li> <li>用第二个音节： <ul><li>Rn（Ra<u>don</u>）=气 + 冬→<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">氡</a></li> <li>As（Ar<u>se</u>nic）=石 + 申→<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">砷</a></li> <li>Al（A<u>lu</u>minium）=金 + 吕→<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">铝</a></li></ul></li> <li>用第三个音节： <ul><li>I（Io<u>dine</u>）＝石＋典→<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">碘</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>在这些字中，有的汉字原本与元素无关，而是后来改用于表示元素的名称，也有些是设计出来表示元素的新字。前者例如上述的“铂”，“磷”和“溴”，这些汉字在中国古代已经出现，并不能证明此时铂、磷、溴在中国已经发现。 </p><p>还有一些汉字，以前表示一种元素，后来又表示另一种元素。 </p> <ul><li>“鎶”：以前代表Nb（<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">铌</a>），现在代表<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">Cn</a>。</li> <li>“鐽”：以前代表Ta（<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">钽</a>），现在代表<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">Ds</a>。</li></ul> <p>还有一些汉字，以前先后表示两种元素。 </p> <ul><li>“釢”：<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">钕</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">镎</a></li> <li>“鈤”：<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">锗</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">镭</a></li> <li>“銤”：<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">锇</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">镅</a></li> <li>“鎷”：Masurium（ <a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">锝</a> ）<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">钐</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="读音"><span id=".E8.AF.BB.E9.9F.B3"></span>读音</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：读音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>元素名称大多是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%81%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="形聲">形声字</a>，因此读音大多与声旁相同。但是，即使除去古代就有的元素名称，也有例外。例如“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>”读yǎng（“养”）而不读yáng（“羊”），“<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">钠</a>”读nà（“纳”）而不读nèi（“内”）。 </p><p>中國大陆<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%9D" title="普通话">普通话</a>中同音元素有“<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒</a>”和“<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">锡</a>”（xī）。在台湾<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="中華民國國語">国语</a>中同音元素有“<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>”和“鎦（<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="鑥">鑥</a>）”（ㄌㄧㄡˊ）、“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>”和“<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="鉭">鉭</a>”（ㄉㄢˋ）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="兩岸三地譯名差異"><span id=".E5.85.A9.E5.B2.B8.E4.B8.89.E5.9C.B0.E8.AD.AF.E5.90.8D.E5.B7.AE.E7.95.B0"></span>兩岸三地譯名差異</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：兩岸三地譯名差異"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>清朝末年，至少有兩套化學元素命名方法。中華民國成立後，對當時的化學元素命名進行了改革。 </p><p>由於兩岸分治的緣故，化學元素官方中文譯名的發布方分別為<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D%E5%AE%A1%E5%AE%9A%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="全国科学技术名词审定委员会">全国科学技术名词审定委员会</a>（中國大陸，早年名為学术名词统一工作委员会）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E9%A6%86" class="mw-redirect" title="国立编译馆">国立编译馆</a>（台灣，現已併入<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="国家教育研究院">国家教育研究院</a>）。因此，有11個化學元素採用了相異的譯名。港澳地區的化學元素官方中文譯名一般採用中國大陸譯名的繁體。 </p><p>隨著20世紀80年代後期兩岸關係逐漸解凍，學界恢復交流。另外，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%BA%AF%E7%B2%B9%E4%B8%8E%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="国际纯粹与应用化学联合会">国际纯粹与应用化学联合会</a>（IUPAC）在1997年正式宣布重新定名101-109号元素，因此101號及以後的化學元素中文譯名趨同，僅有繁簡轉換差異。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto"> <caption>兩岸三地名稱相異的化學元素 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序數">原子序數</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="元素符號">元素符號</a> </th> <th>中國大陸簡體 </th> <th>香港繁體 </th> <th>台湾正体 </th> <th>元素發現年份 </th> <th>備註 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="矽">Si</a> </td> <td>硅 </td> <td>矽 </td> <td>矽 </td> <td>1824年 </td> <td>因為矽與<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="錫">錫</a>同音，1955年大陸將矽改為硅。 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">43 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="鎝">Tc</a> </td> <td>锝 </td> <td>鍀 </td> <td>鎝 </td> <td>1937年 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">71 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="鎦">Lu</a> </td> <td>镥 </td> <td>鑥 </td> <td>鎦 </td> <td>1906年 </td> <td>因為鎦與<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>同音，1955年大陸將鎦改為鑥。 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">85 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%88" class="mw-redirect" title="砈">At</a> </td> <td>砹 </td> <td>砹 </td> <td>砈 </td> <td>1940年 </td> <td>曾訛作鈪、銰<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">87 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%85" class="mw-redirect" title="鍅">Fr</a> </td> <td>钫 </td> <td>鈁 </td> <td>鍅 </td> <td>1939年 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">93 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="錼">Np</a> </td> <td>镎 </td> <td>鎿 </td> <td>錼 </td> <td>1940年 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">94 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="鈽">Pu</a> </td> <td>钚 </td> <td>鈈 </td> <td>鈽 </td> <td>1940 - 1941年 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">95 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鋂">Am</a> </td> <td>镅 </td> <td>鎇 </td> <td>鋂 </td> <td>1944年 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">97 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="鉳">Bk</a> </td> <td>锫 </td> <td>錇 </td> <td>鉳 </td> <td>1949年 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">98 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="鉲">Cf</a> </td> <td>锎 </td> <td>鐦 </td> <td>鉲 </td> <td>1950年 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">99 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鑀">Es</a> </td> <td>锿 </td> <td>鎄 </td> <td>鑀 </td> <td>1952年 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">104 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">Rf</a> </td> <td>𬬻 </td> <td>鑪 </td> <td>鑪（旧作<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="釒拉"><img alt="釒拉" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG/16px-Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG/24px-Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG/32px-Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="480" /></a></span>） </td> <td>1968年 </td> <td>鑪原作为爐的異體字，簡化為炉；<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="釒拉"><img alt="釒拉" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG/16px-Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG/24px-Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG/32px-Rutherfordium_zh-tw.PNG 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="480" /></a></span>尚未被收入Unicode，且于2013年正式废止。 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">105 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">Db</a> </td> <td>𬭊 </td> <td>𨧀 </td> <td>𨧀（旧作<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="釒都"><img alt="釒都" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG/16px-Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG/24px-Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG/32px-Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="480" /></a></span>） </td> <td>1970年 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="釒都"><img alt="釒都" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG/16px-Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG/24px-Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG/32px-Dubnium_zh-tw.PNG 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="480" /></a></span>尚未被收入Unicode，且于2013年正式废止。 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right">106 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">Sg</a> </td> <td>𬭳 </td> <td>𨭎 </td> <td>𨭎（旧作䤭） </td> <td>1974年 </td> <td>䤭于2013年正式废止。 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>除了硅和镥，中國大陆和台湾元素命名不同的元素发现的年份集中在1937年至1974年。 1980年以后发现的元素在大陆和台湾用相同的字符表示，只有简繁的差异。 </p><p>中华人民共和国成立之前，Si和Lu分别用汉字“矽”和“镏”命名。后来，由于“<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="矽">矽</a>”和“<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒</a>”“<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">锡</a>”同音，“镏”和“硫”同音，重命名为“硅”和“镥” <sup id="cite_ref-wangbaoxuan_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wangbaoxuan-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。因此，这两个元素的名称在中國大陆和台湾不同。 </p><p>中國大陆在命名新发现元素时采用的原则大致如下<sup id="cite_ref-kejimingciwei_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kejimingciwei-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。 </p> <ul><li>尽量从现有的汉字中选择，避免设计新字。</li> <li>尽量选择或设计笔画适度、字形美观、结构简单、容易与其他字区别的字，避免奇怪的字。</li> <li>选择或设计一个形声字，其发音应接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B4%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%92%8C%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="國際純化學和應用化學聯合會">國際純化學和應用化學聯合會</a>（IUPAC）的名称。</li> <li>避免与现有元素同音的字或多音字。</li> <li>从现有汉字中选择时，尽量避免使用常用字。</li> <li>为了统一中國大陆、台湾汉语文化圈的科学术语，最好使用繁体中文和简体中文之间没有区别的字。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="氢的同位素"><span id=".E6.B0.A2.E7.9A.84.E5.90.8C.E4.BD.8D.E7.B4.A0"></span>氢的同位素</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：氢的同位素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="氫的同位素">氢的同位素</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="质量数">质量数</a>为1-3的氢同位素可以像元素一样用一个汉字表示。“气”左下方的笔划数与质量数相对应。 </p> <ul><li>“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="氕">氕</a>”（piē）：氢-1（<sup>1</sup>H）</li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">氘</a>”（dāo）：氢-2（<sup>2</sup>H、D）</li> <li>“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9A" title="氚">氚</a>”（chuān）：氢-3（<sup>3</sup>H、T）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="元素列表">元素列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IUPAC%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="IUPAC元素系统命名法">IUPAC元素系统命名法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%A3%BD" title="徐壽">徐壽</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「譯其意義殊難簡括全譯其音苦於繁冗」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「今取羅馬文之首音譯一華字首音不合則用次音並加偏旁以別其類而讀仍本音」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「惟白鉛一物亦名倭鉛乃古無今有名從雙字不宜用於雜質（化合物）故譯西音作锌」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「白金亦昔人所譯今改作铂」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「硫強水（硫酸）之無水者為硫養<sub>三</sub>」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">参见<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D#搜尋43號元素" title="锝">锝#搜尋43號元素</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-liuguangding1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-liuguangding1_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-liuguangding1_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-liuguangding1_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">劉廣定〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resource.blsh.tp.edu.tw/science-i/content/1985/00100190/0008.htm">中文化學名詞的演變（上）</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200512190327/http://resource.blsh.tp.edu.tw/science-i/content/1985/00100190/0008.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉《科學月刊》（1985年10月）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zhanghao-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zhanghao_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張澔〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://proj3.sinica.edu.tw/~chem/servxx6/files/paper_1791_1231831930.pdf">在傳統與創新之間十九世紀的中文化學元素名詞</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140906155817/http://proj3.sinica.edu.tw/~chem/servxx6/files/paper_1791_1231831930.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉《化學》（2001年）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">裘, 錫圭. 文字學概要. 北京: 商務印書館. 1988: 215–216.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95&rft.aufirst=%E9%8C%AB%E5%9C%AD&rft.aulast=%E8%A3%98&rft.btitle=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%B8%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=215-216&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E5%8D%B0%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wangbaoxuan-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wangbaoxuan_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">王宝瑄〈中国化学物质命名中的汉字探讨〉《中国科技术语》（2010年）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kejimingciwei-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kejimingciwei_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">全国科学技术名词审定委员会〈第111号元素中文定名的说明及元素中文定名的原则〉《科技术语研究》（2006年）</span> </li> </ol></div> <div 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:元素週期表"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="元素周期表" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table class="wraplinks" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83953186"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">IA<br />1</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">IIA<br />2</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">IIIB<br />3</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素">IVB<br />4</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">VB<br />5</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">VIB<br />6</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">VIIB<br />7</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/8%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="8族元素">VIIIB<br />8</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/9%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="9族元素">VIIIB<br />9</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/10%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="10族元素">VIIIB<br />10</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">IB<br />11</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">IIB<br />12</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="硼族元素">IIIA<br />13</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素">IVA<br />14</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素">VA<br />15</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">VIA<br />16</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">VIIA<br />17</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">VIIIA<br />18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">Li</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">B</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第3周期元素">3</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">Si</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">K</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">Sc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">Ti</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">V</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">Mn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">Fe</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">Co</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">Ni</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">Cu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">Zn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">Ga</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">Ge</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">As</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">Se</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">Y</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">Zr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">Nb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">Tc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">Ru</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">Rh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">Pd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">Ag</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">Cd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">In</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">Sn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">Sb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">Te</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">Cs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">Ba</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">La</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">Ce</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">Pr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">Nd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">Pm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">Sm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">Eu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">Gd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">Tb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">Dy</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">Ho</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">Er</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">Tm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">Yb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">Lu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">Hf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">Ta</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">Re</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">Os</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">Ir</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">Pt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">Au</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">Hg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">Tl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">Pb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">Bi</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">Po</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">At</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">Fr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">Ra</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">Ac</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">Th</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">Pa</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">Np</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">Pu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">Am</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">Cm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">Bk</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">Cf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">Es</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">Fm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">Md</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">No</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">Lr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">Rf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">Db</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">Sg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">Bh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">Hs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">Mt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">Ds</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">Rg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">Cn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">Nh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">Fl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">Mc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">Lv</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">Ts</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="相關項目" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關項目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/0%E8%99%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="0號元素">0號元素</a></li> <li><a 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navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:antiquewhite;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="Template:语言翻译"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="Template talk:语言翻译"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:语言翻译"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="翻译" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="翻译">翻译</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:antiquewhite;;width:1%">类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法律翻译" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Legal translation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法律翻译（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_translation" class="extiw" title="en:Legal translation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Legal translation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91#文学翻译" title="翻译">文学</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5#章節" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/链接"><span title="自2024-07-24">錨點失效</span></a>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="圣经翻译">圣经翻译</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%B6%93%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="佛經翻譯">佛經翻譯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古兰经翻译" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quran translations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古兰经翻译（页面不存在）">古兰经</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran_translations" class="extiw" title="en:Quran translations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quran translations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒂魯古拉爾翻譯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tirukkural translations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%82%E9%AD%AF%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E7%88%BE%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒂魯古拉爾翻譯（页面不存在）">蒂魯古拉爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirukkural_translations" class="extiw" title="en:Tirukkural translations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tirukkural translations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="语言学验证" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Linguistic validation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="语言学验证（页面不存在）">语言学验证</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_validation" class="extiw" title="en:Linguistic validation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Linguistic validation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="醫學翻譯">医学翻译</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="行政法規翻譯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Regulatory translation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="行政法規翻譯（页面不存在）">行政法規</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_translation" class="extiw" title="en:Regulatory translation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Regulatory translation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技术翻译" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Technical translation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技术翻译（页面不存在）">技术翻译</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_translation" class="extiw" title="en:Technical translation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Technical translation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%AF%91" class="mw-redirect" title="口译">口译</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="手語翻譯">手語翻譯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文化翻译" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cultural translation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文化翻译（页面不存在）">文化翻译</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_translation" class="extiw" title="en:Cultural translation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cultural translation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%AF%91" title="直译">直译</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%91" title="意译">意译</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%91" title="音译">音译</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="二手转译" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indirect translation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E6%89%8B%E8%BD%AC%E8%AF%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二手转译（页面不存在）">二手转译</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_translation" class="extiw" title="en:Indirect translation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indirect translation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:antiquewhite;;width:1%">理论</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="翻譯研究">翻譯研究</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E8%BE%BE%E9%9B%85" title="信达雅">信达雅</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%BA" title="翻译目的论">目的论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="翻译项目" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Translation project"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="翻译项目（页面不存在）">翻译项目</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_project" class="extiw" title="en:Translation project"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Translation project</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="翻译批评" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Translation criticism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="翻译批评（页面不存在）">翻译批评</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_criticism" class="extiw" title="en:Translation criticism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Translation criticism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E5%AF%B9%E7%AD%89%E5%8F%8A%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E5%AF%B9%E7%AD%89" title="动态对等及形式对等">动态对等和形式对等</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E7%85%A7%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="对照语言学">对照语言学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:antiquewhite;;width:1%">技术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%BC%94%E5%8A%A9%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="電腦輔助翻譯">计算机辅助翻译</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="机器翻译">机器翻译</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="统计机器翻译">统计机器翻译</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="神经机器翻译">神经机器翻译</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="機器翻譯史">机器翻译史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="Category:機器翻譯">翻译软件</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="行動設備翻譯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mobile translation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E8%A8%AD%E5%82%99%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="行動設備翻譯（页面不存在）">移动翻译</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_translation" class="extiw" title="en:Mobile translation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mobile translation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="翻译管理系统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Translation management system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="翻译管理系统（页面不存在）">翻译管理系统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_management_system" class="extiw" title="en:Translation management system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Translation management system</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E9%9F%B3" title="配音">配音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%B9%95" title="字幕">字幕</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="预编辑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pre-editing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%84%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="预编辑（页面不存在）">预编辑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-editing" class="extiw" title="en:Pre-editing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pre-editing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%91%E5%90%8E%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91" title="译后编辑">译后编辑</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多媒体翻译" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Multimedia translation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多媒体翻译（页面不存在）">多媒体翻译</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_translation" class="extiw" title="en:Multimedia translation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Multimedia translation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:antiquewhite;;width:1%">本地化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%9C%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%96" title="全球在地化">全球在地化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8C%96%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="国际化和本地化">国际化和本地化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%96" title="语言本地化">语言本地化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%96" title="电子游戏本地化">电子游戏本地化</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%8D%E9%9F%B3%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="配音本地化（页面不存在）">配音本地化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="网站本地化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Website localization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="网站本地化（页面不存在）">网站本地化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Website_localization" class="extiw" title="en:Website localization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Website localization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:antiquewhite;;width:1%">相关议题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" title="轉錄 (語言學)">轉錄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="字母转写">字母轉寫</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="视频转播服务" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Video relay service"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E8%BD%AC%E6%92%AD%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视频转播服务（页面不存在）">视频转播服务 (VRS)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_relay_service" class="extiw" title="en:Video relay service"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Video relay service</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E5%8F%A3%E8%AF%91" title="电话口译">电话口译</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%9A%9C%E7%A4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="語言障礙">语言障碍</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="爱好者翻译" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fan translation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B1%E5%A5%BD%E8%80%85%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爱好者翻译（页面不存在）">爱好者翻译</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_translation" class="extiw" title="en:Fan translation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fan translation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%B9%95%E7%B5%84" title="字幕組">字幕組</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84" title="汉化组">汉化组</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Fandub" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fandub"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fandub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fandub（页面不存在）">Fandub</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandub" class="extiw" title="en:Fandub"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fandub</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AB%E8%AF%91" class="mw-redirect" title="扫译">扫译</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91" title="新闻翻译">新闻翻译</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="影像翻譯">影像翻译</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E7%A0%B4%E8%AF%91" title="古埃及文字的破译">古埃及文字的破译</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%8A%E5%A8%81%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="權威控制">规范控制</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%91%E5%90%8D" title="官方译名">官方译名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E8%AF%91%E5%90%8D" title="中文译名">中文译名</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%8B%E9%96%93%E5%B0%88%E6%9C%89%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E%E4%BA%92%E8%AD%AF" title="漢字使用國間專有名詞互譯">汉字圈名词互译</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">化学元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E9%87%8F%E7%94%A8%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="計量用漢字">计量</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%8D%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="國名漢字表記列表">国名</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%91%E5%88%B6%E7%89%87" title="译制片">译制片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%91%E5%88%B6%E7%89%87" 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