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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਪਿਛੋਕੜ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਪਿਛੋਕੜ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>ਪਿਛੋਕੜ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਪਿਛੋਕੜ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਜੀਓਗ੍ਰਾਫੀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਜੀਓਗ੍ਰਾਫੀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ਜੀਓਗ੍ਰਾਫੀ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਜੀਓਗ੍ਰਾਫੀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਟਾਈਮਲਾਈਨ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਟਾਈਮਲਾਈਨ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ਟਾਈਮਲਾਈਨ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਟਾਈਮਲਾਈਨ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਗ਼ਦਾਰ_ਨਹੀਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਗ਼ਦਾਰ_ਨਹੀਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>ਗ਼ਦਾਰ ਨਹੀਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਗ਼ਦਾਰ_ਨਹੀਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਹਵਾਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਹਵਾਲੇ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਸਾਈਟੇਸ਼ਨਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਾਈਟੇਸ਼ਨਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>ਸਾਈਟੇਸ਼ਨਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਾਈਟੇਸ਼ਨਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸਰੋਤ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਰੋਤ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>ਸਰੋਤ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਰੋਤ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਹੋਰ_ਅੱਗੇ_ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਹੋਰ_ਅੱਗੇ_ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>ਹੋਰ ਅੱਗੇ ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਹੋਰ_ਅੱਗੇ_ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਲਿੰਕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਲਿੰਕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>ਬਾਹਰੀ ਲਿੰਕ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਲਿੰਕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਸਿੱਖ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 54 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="إمبراطورية السيخ – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إمبراطورية السيخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinu_sij" title="Reinu sij – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reinu sij" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siqx_d%C3%B6vl%C9%99ti" title="Siqx dövləti – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Siqx dövləti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88" title="سیک ایمپراتورلوغو – ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیک ایمپراتورلوغو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%85_%D0%B4%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Сикх дәүләте – ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сикх дәүләте" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сикхска империя – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сикхска империя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="শিখ সাম্রাজ্য – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শিখ সাম্রাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_Sikh_de_Lahore" title="Estat Sikh de Lahore – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat Sikh de Lahore" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhsk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Sikhská říše – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sikhská říše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich_der_Sikh" title="Reich der Sikh – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reich der Sikh" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CE%B9%CF%87" title="Αυτοκρατορία των Σιχ – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυτοκρατορία των Σιχ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sikh Empire" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sika_Imperio" title="Sika Imperio – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sika Imperio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_sij" title="Imperio sij – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperio sij" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_Inperioa" title="Sikh Inperioa – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sikh Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="امپراتوری سیک – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتوری سیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhivaltio" title="Sikhivaltio – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sikhivaltio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_sikh" title="Empire sikh – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Empire sikh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Sikh" title="Imperio Sikh – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imperio Sikh" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האימפריה הסיקית – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האימפריה הסיקית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="सिख साम्राज्य – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिख साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Sikh" title="Kekaisaran Sikh – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekaisaran Sikh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_Sikh" title="Impero Sikh – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero Sikh" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AF%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="シク王国 – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シク王国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%ED%81%AC_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="시크 제국 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시크 제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%90%DA%A9%DA%BE_%D8%B3%D9%8E%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%8E%D8%AA" title="سِکھ سَلطَنَت – ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰੀ" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سِکھ سَلطَنَت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സിഖ് സാമ്രാജ്യം – ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിഖ് സാമ്രാജ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="शीख साम्राज्य – ਮਰਾਠੀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शीख साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ਮਰਾਠੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="सिख साम्राज्य – ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिख साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhrijk" title="Sikhrijk – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sikhrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhriket" title="Sikhriket – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sikhriket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo_Sikh%C3%B3w" title="Państwo Sikhów – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Państwo Sikhów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%DB%81_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="خالصہ راج – ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خالصہ راج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A" title="د سيکانو واکمني – ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د سيکانو واکمني" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Sique" title="Império Sique – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Império Sique" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сикхское государство – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сикхское государство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="سک سلطنت – ਸਿੰਧੀ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سک سلطنت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ਸਿੰਧੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA" title="සික් අධිරාජ්‍යය – ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සික් අධිරාජ්‍යය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sikh Empire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%DA%BE_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="سکھ سلطنت – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="سکھ سلطنت" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siksko_carstvo" title="Siksko carstvo – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Siksko carstvo" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh-imperiet" title="Sikh-imperiet – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sikh-imperiet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="சீக்கியப் பேரரசு – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீக்கியப் பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="సిక్ఖు సామ్రాజ్యం – ਤੇਲਗੂ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సిక్ఖు సామ్రాజ్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ਤੇਲਗੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรวรรดิซิกข์ – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิซิกข์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyong_Sikh" title="Imperyong Sikh – ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Imperyong Sikh" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sih_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Sih İmparatorluğu – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sih İmparatorluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Держава Сикхів – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Держава Сикхів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%DA%BE_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="سکھ سلطنت – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سکھ سلطنت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_Sikh" title="Đế quốc Sikh – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đế quốc Sikh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="锡克帝国 – ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锡克帝国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სიქეფიშ იმპერია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სიქეფიშ იმპერია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="锡克帝国 – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锡克帝国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_T%C3%A8-kok" title="Sikh Tè-kok – ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sikh Tè-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" 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vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">ਸਿੱਖ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i>ਸਰਕਾਰ-ਏ-ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ</i><br /><i>ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਰਾਜ</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1799–1849 <br /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><table class="maptable" style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:{{{width1}}};text-align:center;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Kattar_Dhal_Talwar.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of ਸਿੱਖ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ"><img alt="Flag of ਸਿੱਖ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kattar_Dhal_Talwar.png/125px-Kattar_Dhal_Talwar.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kattar_Dhal_Talwar.png/188px-Kattar_Dhal_Talwar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kattar_Dhal_Talwar.png/250px-Kattar_Dhal_Talwar.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></div><div></div></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:auto;text-align:center;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Seal_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਮੋਹਰ of ਸਿੱਖ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ"><img alt="ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਮੋਹਰ of ਸਿੱਖ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Seal_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh.svg/85px-Seal_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Seal_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh.svg/128px-Seal_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Seal_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh.svg/170px-Seal_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="411" /></a></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AC" title="ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ">ਝੰਡਾ</a></td> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ">ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਮੋਹਰ</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>ਮਾਟੋ: </b>"<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2#ਅਕਾਲ_ਸਹਾਇ" title="ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ">ਅਕਾਲ ਸਹਾਇ</a>"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data ਐਨਥਮ"><b>ਐਨਥਮ:</b> "<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9" title="ਦੇਗ ਤੇਗ਼ ਫ਼ਤਿਹ">ਦੇਗ ਤੇਗ ਫ਼ਤਿਹ</a>"<br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="201" data-mwtitle="Deg_Teg_Fateh.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Deg_Teg_Fateh.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Deg_Teg_Fateh.ogg/Deg_Teg_Fateh.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Map_showing_Sikh_Empire%27s_territory_at_the_time_of_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99s_passing_away.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1839 ਵਿਚ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਤੱਕ ਸਿੱਖ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ"><img alt="1839 ਵਿਚ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਤੱਕ ਸਿੱਖ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map_showing_Sikh_Empire%27s_territory_at_the_time_of_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99s_passing_away.jpg/250px-Map_showing_Sikh_Empire%27s_territory_at_the_time_of_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99s_passing_away.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map_showing_Sikh_Empire%27s_territory_at_the_time_of_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99s_passing_away.jpg/375px-Map_showing_Sikh_Empire%27s_territory_at_the_time_of_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99s_passing_away.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map_showing_Sikh_Empire%27s_territory_at_the_time_of_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99s_passing_away.jpg/500px-Map_showing_Sikh_Empire%27s_territory_at_the_time_of_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99s_passing_away.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4784" data-file-height="4020" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">1839 ਵਿਚ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਤੱਕ ਸਿੱਖ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r627788">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਗੁਜਰਾਂਵਾਲਾ">ਗੁਜਰਾਂਵਾਲਾ</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1799–1802)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਲਹੌਰ">ਲਾਹੌਰ</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1802–1849)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਦਰਬਾਰੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ</a><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition_1911_Page_892_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition_1911_Page_892-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grewal112_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grewal112-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਬੋਲਚਾਲ ਦੀਆਂ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r627784">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(ਵੰਸ਼ਵਾਦੀ)</span><br /></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਡੋਗਰੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਡੋਗਰੀ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B" title="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ">ਪਸ਼ਤੋ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰੀ</a> ਆਦਿ</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਧਰਮ <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627788"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE" title="ਸਿੱਖ ਧਰਮ">ਸਿੱਖ ਧਰਮ</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(~6–12%; ਵੰਸ਼ੀ)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਇਸਲਾਮ">ਇਸਲਾਮ</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(~50–80%; ਵੱਧ ਗਿਣਤੀ)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE" title="ਹਿੰਦੂ ਧਰਮ">ਹਿੰਦੂ ਧਰਮ</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(~10–40%)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE" title="ਬੁੱਧ ਧਰਮ">ਬੁੱਧ ਧਰਮ</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(≤1%; ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾਤਰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="ਲਦਾਖ਼">ਲਦਾਖ਼</a> ਵਿੱਚ)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE" title="ਇਸਾਈ ਧਰਮ">ਇਸਾਈ ਧਰਮ</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(≤1%; <i>ਫਿਰੰਗੀ</i> ਫੌਜੀ ਅਤੇ ਅਫਸਰਾਂ ਸਮੇਤ)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE" title="ਯਹੂਦੀ ਧਰਮ">ਯਹੂਦੀ ਧਰਮ</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(≤1%; <i>ਫਿਰੰਗੀ</i> ਫੌਜੀ ਅਤੇ ਅਫਸਰਾਂ ਸਮੇਤ)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਸਰਕਾਰ</th><td class="infobox-data">ਰਾਜਸ਼ਾਹੀ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ">ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765565"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1801–1839 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ">ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1839 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਖੜਕ ਸਿੰਘ">ਖੜਕ ਸਿੰਘ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1839–1840 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਨੌਨਿਹਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ">ਨੌਨਿਹਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1841–1843 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਸ਼ੇਰ ਸਿੰਘ">ਸ਼ੇਰ ਸਿੰਘ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1843–1849 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਦਲੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ">ਦਲੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਰੀਜੈਂਟ</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765565"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1840–1841 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਚੰਦ ਕੌਰ">ਚੰਦ ਕੌਰ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1843–1846 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਜਿੰਦ ਕੌਰ">ਜਿੰਦ ਕੌਰ</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਵਜ਼ੀਰ</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765565"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1799–1818 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਖੁਸ਼ਹਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਜਮਾਂਦਾਰ">ਖੁਸ਼ਹਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ ਜਮਾਂਦਾਰ</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1818–1843 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਧਿਆਨ ਸਿੰਘ">ਧਿਆਨ ਸਿੰਘ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1843–1844 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">ਹੀਰਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਡੋਗਰਾ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 14 ਮਈ – 21 ਸਤੰਬਰ 1845 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98_(%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਜਵਾਹਰ ਸਿੰਘ (ਵਜ਼ੀਰ)">ਜਵਾਹਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਔਲਖ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1845–1846 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਲਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ">ਲਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 31 ਜਨਵਰੀ – 9 ਮਾਰਚ 1846 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਗੁਲਾਬ ਸਿੰਘ">ਗੁਲਾਬ ਸਿੰਘ</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESatinder_Singh,_Raja_Gulab_Singh's_Role197146–50_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESatinder_Singh,_Raja_Gulab_Singh's_Role197146–50-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤੀ ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਕਾਲ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765565"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ">ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ</a> ਦੁਆਰਾ ਲਾਹੌਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 ਜੁਲਾਈ 1799</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਦੂਜੀ ਐਂਗਲੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ">ਦੂਜੀ ਐਂਗਲੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ</a> ਦਾ ਅੰਤ </div></th><td class="infobox-data">29 ਮਾਰਚ 1849 <br /></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">ਖੇਤਰ</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1839<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">520,000 km<sup>2</sup> (200,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">ਆਬਾਦੀ</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765565"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1800 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-The_Encyclopedia_of_Empire_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Encyclopedia_of_Empire-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਮੁਦਰਾ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87" title="ਸਿੱਖ ਸਿੱਕੇ">ਨਾਨਕਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਸਿੱਕੇ</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Kangra_state.png/20px-Flag_of_Kangra_state.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Kangra_state.png/30px-Flag_of_Kangra_state.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Kangra_state.png/40px-Flag_of_Kangra_state.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="292" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕਾਂਗੜਾ ਰਿਆਸਤ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕਾਂਗੜਾ ਰਿਆਸਤ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Herat_until_1842.svg/20px-Flag_of_Herat_until_1842.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Herat_until_1842.svg/30px-Flag_of_Herat_until_1842.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Herat_until_1842.svg/40px-Flag_of_Herat_until_1842.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਦੁਰਾਨੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਦੁਰਾਨੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Kattar_Dhal_Talwar.jpg/20px-Kattar_Dhal_Talwar.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Kattar_Dhal_Talwar.jpg/30px-Kattar_Dhal_Talwar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Kattar_Dhal_Talwar.jpg/40px-Kattar_Dhal_Talwar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="496" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2" title="ਮਿਸਲ">ਮਿਸਲ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸਿਆਲ ਵੰਸ਼ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸਿਆਲ ਵੰਸ਼</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਕਪੋਨ ਵੰਸ਼ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮਕਪੋਨ ਵੰਸ਼</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਲੱਦਾਖ ਦਾ ਨਮਗਿਆਲ ਵੰਸ਼ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਨਾਮਗਿਆਲ ਰਾਜਵੰਸ਼</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4_(%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4)" class="mw-redirect" title="ਪੰਜਾਬ ਪ੍ਰਾਂਤ (ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਭਾਰਤ)">ਪੰਜਾਬ ਪ੍ਰਾਂਤ (ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਭਾਰਤ)</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/20px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/30px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/40px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0_(%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4)" title="ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ (ਰਿਆਸਤ)"> ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ <span style="font-size:85%;">(ਰਿਆਸਤ)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_the_Princely_State_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%281836-1936%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Princely_State_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%281836-1936%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_the_Princely_State_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%281836-1936%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Princely_State_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%281836-1936%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_the_Princely_State_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%281836-1936%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Princely_State_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%281836-1936%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1296" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:transparent"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:History_of_Punjab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:History of Punjab (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: none;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Punjab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Punjab (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">History of <span class="fn org label">Punjab</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Punjab" title="Portal:Punjab"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/50px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/75px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/100px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="527" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Prehistoric</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riwat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riwat (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Soanian Culture</a><br />c. 1,900,000 BCE</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_Valley_civilization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indus Valley civilization (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Early Harappan Period</a><br />c. 3300 – c. 2600 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_Valley_civilization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indus Valley civilization (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Mature Harappan Period</a><br />c. 2600 – c. 1900 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemetery_H_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemetery H culture (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Late Harappan Period</a><br />c. 1900 – c. 1500 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gandh%C4%81ra_(kingdom)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gandhāra (kingdom) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Gandhara</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekeya_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekeya Kingdom (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Kekya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madra (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Madra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trigarta_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trigarta Kingdom (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Trigarta</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sivi_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sivi Kingdom (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Sivi</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahlika_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahlika Kingdom (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Bahlika Kingdoms</a><br /><small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedic_Civilization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedic Civilization (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Vedic Civilization</a>)</small><br />c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gandh%C4%81ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gandhāra (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Gandhāra</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindush (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Hindush</a><br /><small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaemenid_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achaemenid Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Achaemenid Empire</a>)</small><br />c. 518 – c. 330 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porus (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Porus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxiles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxiles (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Taxiles</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mallian_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mallian campaign (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Mallians</a><br /><small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonian_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macedonian Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Macedonian Empire</a>)</small><br />c. 326 – c. 316 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauryan_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mauryan Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Mauryan Empire</a><br />c. 316 – c. 200 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Greek_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Indo-Greek Kingdom</a><br />c. 180 – c. 50 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Scythians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-Scythians (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Indo-Scythian Kingdom</a><br />c. 110 BCE – c. 95 CE</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Classical</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Parthian_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Indo-Parthian Kingdom</a><br />c. 25 – c. 80 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kushan_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kushan Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Kushan Empire</a><br />c. 60–345 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gupta_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gupta Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Gupta Empire</a><br />c. 345 – c. 455 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alchon_Huns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alchon Huns (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Alchon Huns</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kidarites&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kidarites (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Kidarites</a><br />c. 450–560 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taank_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taank Kingdom (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Taank Kingdom</a><br />c. 560–750 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Shahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindu Shahi (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Hindu Shahi</a><br />c. 870–1010 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Multan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emirate of Multan (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Emirate of Multan</a><br />c. 855–1010 CE</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Medieval</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghaznavids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghaznavids (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Ghaznavids</a><br />c. 999–1186 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghurid_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghurid dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Ghurid Dynasty</a><br />c. 1170–1215 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Sultanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delhi Sultanate (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Delhi Sultanate</a><br />c. 1206 – c. 1526 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langah_Sultanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langah Sultanate (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Langah Sultanate</a><br />c. 1445–1540 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore_Subah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lahore Subah (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Lahore</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multan_Subah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multan Subah (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Multan Subahs</a><br /><small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mughal_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mughal Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Mughal Empire</a>)</small><br />c. 1627 – c. 1707 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durrani_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durrani Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Durrani Empire</a><br />c. 1748 – c. 1818 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maratha_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maratha Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Maratha Empire</a><br />c. 1758 – c. 1761 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Misl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misl (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Misl</a><br />c. 1716 – c. 1799 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikh_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikh Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Sikh Empire</a><br />c. 1799 – c. 1849 CE</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Colonial</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Bahawalpur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State of Bahawalpur (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">State of Bahawalpur</a><br />c. 1802 – c. 1947 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjab_Province_(British_India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punjab Province (British India) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Punjab Province</a><br />c. 1849 – c. 1947 CE</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Post-independence</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjab,_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punjab, Pakistan (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Province of Punjab</a> (Pakistan)<br />c. 1947 CE–present</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjab,_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punjab, India (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">State of Punjab</a> (India)<br />c. 1947 CE–present</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Pakistan (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">History of Pakistan</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of India (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">History of India</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627784"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r761918"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r634646">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:History_of_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:History of Pakistan (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: none;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Pakistan (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">History of <span class="fn org label">Pakistan</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Statue of an Indus priest or king found in Mohenjodaro, 1927" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg/190px-Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg" decoding="async" width="190" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg/285px-Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg/380px-Mohenjo-daro_Priesterk%C3%B6nig.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="754" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Pakistani_history&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of Pakistani history (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Timeline</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="background:#iee;text-align:left;"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Asian_Stone_Age&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Asian Stone Age (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Palaeolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soanian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soanian (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Soanian culture</a>, c. 500,000 – 250,000 BCE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Asian_Stone_Age&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Asian Stone Age (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Neolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehrgarh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehrgarh (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Mehrgarh</a>, c. 7000 – c. 3000 BCE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_Valley_Civilisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indus Valley Civilisation (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Indus Valley Civilisation</a>, c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedic_Period&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedic Period (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Vedic Civilization</a>, c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achaemenid_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achaemenid Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Achaemenid Empire</a>, c. 550 – c. 330 BCE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gedrosia_(satrapy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gedrosia (satrapy) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Gedrosia</a>, c. 542 – c. 330 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gandhara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gandhara (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Gandhara</a>, c. 518 – c. 330 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arachosia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arachosia (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Arachosia</a>, c. 518 – c. 330 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindush (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Hindush</a>, c. 517 – c. 330 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sattagydia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sattagydia (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Sattagydia</a>, c. 516 – c. 330 BCE</li></ul></li> <li>Ror dynasty, c. 489 – c. 450 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonian_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macedonian Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Macedonian Empire</a>, c. 329 – c. 323 BCE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arachosia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arachosia (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Arachosia</a>, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gedrosia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gedrosia (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Gedrosia</a>, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paropamisadae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paropamisadae (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Paropamisadae</a>, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porus_the_Elder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porus the Elder (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Porus</a>, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxiles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxiles (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Taxiles</a>, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauryan_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mauryan Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Mauryan Empire</a>, c. 322 – c. 200 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seleucid_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seleucid Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Seleucid Empire</a>, c. 312 – c. 63 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Greco-Bactrian Kingdom</a>, c. 190 – c. 140 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Greek_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Indo-Greek Kingdom</a>, c. 170 – c. 50 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Scythians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-Scythians (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Indo-Scythian Kingdom</a>, c. 110 BCE – c. 95 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apracharajas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apracharajas (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Apracharajas</a>, c. 25 BCE – c. 50 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paratarajas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paratarajas (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Paratarajas</a>, c. 120 – c. 300 CE</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Classical</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="background:#iee;text-align:left;"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parthian_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parthian Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Parthian Empire</a>, c. 90 BCE – c. 25 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Parthian_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Indo-Parthian Kingdom</a>, c. 25 – c. 80 CE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kushan_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kushan Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Kushan Empire</a>, c. 60 – 345 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sasanian_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sasanian Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Sasanian Empire</a>, c. 250 – 655 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Sasanians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-Sasanians (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Indo-Sasanians</a>, c. 240 – 410 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom</a>, c. 240 – 410 CE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gupta_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gupta Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Gupta Empire</a>, c. 345 – c. 455 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rai_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rai dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Rai dynasty</a>, c. 415 – 644 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hephthalite_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hephthalite Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Hephthalite Empire</a>, c. 450 – 560 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahman_dynasty_of_Sindh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahman dynasty of Sindh (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Brahman dynasty</a>, c. 641 – 725 CE</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Medieval</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="background:#iee;text-align:left;"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caliphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caliphate (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Caliphate</a>, c. 643 – 860 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_conquest_of_Persia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muslim conquest of Persia (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Rashidun Caliphate</a>, c. 643 – 661 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_bin_Qasim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad bin Qasim (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Umayyad Caliphate</a>, c. 670 – 860 CE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pala_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pala Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Pala Empire</a>, c. 770 – 850 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Habbari_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Habbari dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Habbari dynasty</a>, c. 841 – 1024 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_Shahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindu Shahi (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Hindu Shahi</a>, c. 870 – 1010 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samanid_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samanid Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Samanid Empire</a>, c. 905 – 999 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghaznavids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghaznavids (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Ghaznavids</a>, c. 999 – 1186 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soomra_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soomra dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Soomra dynasty</a>, c. 1024 – 1351 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghurid_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghurid dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Ghurid dynasty</a>, c. 1170 – 1215 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Sultanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delhi Sultanate (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Delhi Sultanate</a>, c. 1206 – c. 1526 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Mamluk dynasty</a>, c. 1206 – c. 1290 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalji dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Khalji dynasty</a>, c. 1290 – c. 1320 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tughlaq_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tughlaq dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Tugluq dynasty</a>, c. 1320 – c. 1413 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sayyid dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Sayyid dynasty</a>, c. 1414 – c. 1451 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodi_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodi dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Lodhi dynasty</a>, c. 1451 – c. 1526 CE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongol_invasions_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongol invasions of India (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Mongol Empire</a>, c. 1221 – c. 1327 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chagatai_Khanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chagatai Khanate (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Chagatai Khanate</a>, c. 1225 – c. 1485 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilkhanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilkhanate (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Ilkhanate</a>, c. 1256 – c. 1353 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raees_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raees dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Raees dynasty</a>, c. 1320 – 1620 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katoor_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katoor dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Katoor dynasty</a>, c. 1570 – c. 1947 CE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samma_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samma dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Samma dynasty</a>, c. 1351 – c. 1524 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arghun_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arghun dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Arghun dynasty</a>, c. 1520 – c. 1554 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mughal_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mughal Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Mughal Empire</a>, c. 1526 – c. 1707 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bombay_Presidency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bombay Presidency (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Bombay Presidency</a>, c. 1618 – c. 1947 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sur_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sur Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Suri dynasty</a>, c. 1540 – c. 1556 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarkhan_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarkhan dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Tarkhan dynasty</a>, c. 1554 – 1591 CE</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Early modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="background:#iee;text-align:left;"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durrani_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durrani Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Durrani Empire</a>, c. 1747 – c. 1826 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Las_Bela_(princely_state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Las Bela (princely state) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Las Bela</a>, c. 1802 – c. 1947 CE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Misl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misl (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Misl</a>, c. 1716 – c. 1799 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maratha_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maratha Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Maratha Empire</a>, c. 1758 – c. 1760 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikh_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikh Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Sikh Empire</a>, c. 1799 – c. 1849 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Raj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Raj (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">British Raj</a>, c. 1858 – c. 1947 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan_movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pakistan movement (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Independence Movement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="background:#iee;text-align:left;"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pakistan (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Pakistan</a>, c. 1947 CE – present <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominion_of_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominion of Pakistan (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Dominion of Pakistan</a>, c. 1947 – 1956 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Islamic Republic</a>, c. 1956 CE – present</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History of provinces</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="background:#iee;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Azad_Kashmir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Azad Kashmir (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Azad Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Balochistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Balochistan (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_East_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of East Pakistan (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">East Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Gilgit-Baltistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Gilgit-Baltistan (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Islamabad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Islamabad (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Islamabad Capital Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Punjab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Punjab (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Sindh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Sindh (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Sindh</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-weight:bold;"> <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Pakistan (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627784"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r769404"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:History_of_Pakistan" title="ਫਰਮਾ:History of Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r634646"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:History_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:History of India (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: none;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of India (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">History of <span class="fn org label">India</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:North_Gateway_-_Rear_Side_-_Stupa_1_-_Sanchi_Hill_2013-02-21_4480-4481.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/North_Gateway_-_Rear_Side_-_Stupa_1_-_Sanchi_Hill_2013-02-21_4480-4481.JPG/200px-North_Gateway_-_Rear_Side_-_Stupa_1_-_Sanchi_Hill_2013-02-21_4480-4481.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/North_Gateway_-_Rear_Side_-_Stupa_1_-_Sanchi_Hill_2013-02-21_4480-4481.JPG/300px-North_Gateway_-_Rear_Side_-_Stupa_1_-_Sanchi_Hill_2013-02-21_4480-4481.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/North_Gateway_-_Rear_Side_-_Stupa_1_-_Sanchi_Hill_2013-02-21_4480-4481.JPG/400px-North_Gateway_-_Rear_Side_-_Stupa_1_-_Sanchi_Hill_2013-02-21_4480-4481.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="4258" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Indian_history&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of Indian history (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Timeline</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Prehistoric</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="text-align:left"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrasian_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madrasian culture (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Madrasian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soanian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soanian (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Soanian</a>, c. 500,000 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Asian_Stone_Age&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Asian Stone Age (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Neolithic</a>, c. 7600 – c. 3300 BCE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhirrana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhirrana (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Bhirrana</a> 7570 – 6200 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jhusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jhusi (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Jhusi</a> 7106 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahuradewa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lahuradewa (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Lahuradewa</a> 7000 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehrgarh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehrgarh (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Mehrgarh</a> 7000 – 2600 BCE</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indus_Valley_civilization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indus Valley civilization (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Indus Valley civilization</a>, c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemetery_H_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemetery H culture (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Post Indus Valley Period<br />(Cemetery H Culture)</a>, c. 1700 – c. 1500 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedic_Period&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedic Period (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Vedic civilization</a>, c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuru_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuru Kingdom (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Kuru Kingdom</a>, c. 1200 - c. 500 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Rigvedic_tribes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Rigvedic tribes (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Early Vedic Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śramaṇa (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Rise of Śramaṇa movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janapadas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janapadas (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Later Vedic Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parshvanatha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parshvanatha (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Spread of Jainism – Parshvanatha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahavira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahavira (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Spread of Jainism – Mahavira</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gautama_Buddha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gautama Buddha (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Rise of Buddhism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magadha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magadha (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Kingdom of Magadha</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haryanka_Dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haryanka Dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Haryanka Dynasty</a> c. 544 – c. 413 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaishunaga_Dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaishunaga Dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Shaishunaga Dynasty</a> c. 413 – c. 345 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanda_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanda Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Nanda Dynasty</a>, c. 345 – c. 322 BCE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahajanapadas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahajanapadas (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Mahajanapadas</a>, c. 500 – c. 345 BCE</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classical_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Classical India (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Classical</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="text-align:left"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magadha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magadha (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Kingdom of Magadha</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauryan_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mauryan Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Maurya Dynasty</a>, c. 322 – c. 185 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shunga_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shunga Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Shunga Dynasty</a>, c. 185 – c. 75 BCE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanva_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanva dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Kanva Dynasty</a>, c. 75 – c. 30 BCE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sangam_period&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sangam period (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Sangam period</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kushan_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kushan Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Kushan Dynasty</a>, c. 30 – c. 230 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satavahana_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satavahana dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Satavahana Dynasty</a>, c. 30 BCE – c. 220 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gupta_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gupta Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Gupta Dynasty</a>, c. 200 – c. 550 CE</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_kingdoms_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle kingdoms of India (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Early medieval</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="text-align:left"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chalukya_Dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chalukya Dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Chalukya Dynasty</a>, c. 543 – c. 753 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empire_of_Harsha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empire of Harsha (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Harsha's Dynasty</a>, c. 606 CE – c. 647 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karkota_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karkota Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Karakota Dynasty</a>, c. 724 – c. 760 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caliphate_campaigns_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caliphate campaigns in India (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Arab Invasion</a>, c. 738 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tripartite_Struggle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tripartite Struggle (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Tripartite Struggle</a>, c. 760 – c. 973 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurjara-Pratihara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurjara-Pratihara (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rashtrakuta_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rashtrakuta dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Rastrakuta Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pala_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pala Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Pala Dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medieval_Cholas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medieval Cholas (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Chola Dynasty</a>, c. 848 – c. 1251 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Chalukya_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Chalukya Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">2nd Chalukya Dynasty</a>, c. 973 – c. 1187 CE</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medieval_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medieval India (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Late medieval</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="text-align:left"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Sultanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delhi Sultanate (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Delhi Sultanate</a>, c. 1206 – c. 1526 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamluk_Dynasty_(Delhi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamluk Dynasty (Delhi) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Slave Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalji_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalji dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Khalji Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tughlaq_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tughlaq dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Tugluq Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sayyid dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Sayyid Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodi_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodi dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Lodhi Dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandyan_Dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandyan Dynasty (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Pandyan Dynasty</a>, c. 1251 – c. 1323 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vijayanagara_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vijayanagara Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Vijayanagara</a>, c. 1336 – c. 1646 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bengal_Sultanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bengal Sultanate (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Bengal Sultanate</a>, c. 1342 – c. 1576 CE</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Early modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="text-align:left"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mughal_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mughal Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Mughal Dynasty</a>, c. 1526 – c. 1540 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sur_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sur Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Suri Dynasty</a>, c. 1540 – c. 1556 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mughal_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mughal Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Mughal Dynasty</a>, c. 1556 – c. 1857 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bengal_Subah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bengal Subah (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Bengal Subah</a>, c. 1576 – c. 1757 CE</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maratha_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maratha Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Maratha Empire</a>, c. 1674 – c. 1818 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Company_rule_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Company rule in India (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Company Raj</a>, c. 1757 – c. 1858 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mysore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Mysore (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Kingdom of Mysore</a>, c. 1760 – c. 1799 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikh_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikh Empire (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Sikh Empire</a>, c. 1799 – c. 1849 CE</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" style="text-align:left"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rebellion_of_1857&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">The Great Rebellion</a>, 1857 – 1858 CE</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Raj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Raj (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">British Raj</a>, 1858 – 1947 CE <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_independence_movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian independence movement (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)"> Independence Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of India (1947–present) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Independent India</a>, 1947 CE – present <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominion_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominion of India (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Dominion of India</a>, 1947 – 1950 CE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">Republic of India</a>, 1950 CE – present</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content nowrap" 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History</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Indian_inventions_and_discoveries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Indian inventions and discoveries (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">List of Inventions and Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military history of India (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Military History</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_maritime_history&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian maritime history (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Naval History</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wars involving India (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wars involving India</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627784"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r769404"><div class="navbar 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ਮੀਰੀ ਸੀ ਜਿਸ ਦਾ ਆਗਾਜ਼ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ">ਦੱਖਣੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ</a> ਦੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC" title="ਪੰਜਾਬ">ਪੰਜਾਬ ਖ਼ੇਤਰ</a> ਦੁਆਲੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ">ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ</a> ਅਧੀਨ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੀ।<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਇਹ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ 1799 ਵਿੱਚ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਲਹੌਰ">ਲਾਹੌਰ</a> ਉੱਤੇ ਕਾਬਜ਼ ਹੋਣ ਤੋਂ ਲੈਕੇ 1849 ਤੱਕ ਰਿਹਾ, ਜਿਸਦੀ ਜੜ੍ਹ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2" title="ਮਿਸਲ">ਸਿੱਖ ਮਿਸਲਾਂ</a> ਦੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ">ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾਈ</a> ਸਿਧਾਂਤਾਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਅਧਾਰਿਤ ਸੀ।<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition_1911_Page_892_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition_1911_Page_892-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grewal_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grewal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੁਲੰਦੀਆਂ ਵੇਲੇ, ਇਹ ਰਾਜ ਲਹਿੰਦੇ ਵੱਲ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਖ਼ੈਬਰ ਦੱਰਾ">ਦੱਰਾ-ਏ-ਖ਼ੈਬਰ</a> ਤੋਂ ਚੜ੍ਹਦੇ ਪਾਸੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A4" title="ਤਿੱਬਤ">ਲਹਿੰਦੇ-ਤਿਬਤ</a>, ਅਤੇ ਦੱਖਣ ਵੱਲ ਮਿਠਾਨਕੋਟ ਅਤੇ ਉੱਤਰ ਵੱਲ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0_(%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C)" title="ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ (ਰਾਜ)">ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ</a> ਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="ਲਦਾਖ਼">ਲੱਦਾਖ਼</a> ਤੱਕ ਫੈਲਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੀ। ਇਹ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਦੇ ਰਾਜ ਅਧੀਨ ਆਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਦੱਖਣੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ ਦਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਆਖ਼ਰੀ ਨਰੋਆ ਖ਼ੇਤਰ ਸੀ। </p><p>ਸੰਨ 1700 ਦੇ ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤੀ ਦੌਰ ਵੇਲੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%94%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AC" title="ਔਰੰਗਜ਼ੇਬ">ਔਰੰਗਜ਼ੇਬ</a> ਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A4" title="ਮੁਗ਼ਲ ਸਲਤਨਤ">ਮੁਗ਼ਲੀਆ ਸਲਤਨਤ</a> ਦਾ ਨਾਸ ਹੋਣਾ ਅਰੰਭ ਹੋਇਆ। ਮੁਗ਼ਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਹੋਣ ਨਾਲ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE_(%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9C)" title="ਦਲ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ (ਸਿੱਖ ਫੌਜ)">ਦਲ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ</a> ਦੀ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਹੇਠ ਠੰਡੇ ਪਏ ਮੁਗ਼ਲਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਲਹਿੰਦੇ ਵੱਲ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪਠਾਨ">ਪਠਾਣਾ</a> ਖਿਲਾਫ਼ ਮੁਹਿੰਮ ਜਾਰੀ ਹੋ ਗਈ। ਇਸ ਨਾਲ ਫੌਜ ਦਾ ਪਸਾਰਾ ਹੋਇਆ ਜੋ ਅੱਗੇ ਜਾ ਕੇ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਸੰਘ ਜਾਂ ਅਰਧ-ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਮਿਸਲਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੰਡ ਹੋ ਗਏ। ਮਿਸਲਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਫੌਜੀ ਟੁਕੜੀਆ ਨੇ ਇੱਕ-ਦੂਜੇ ਤੋਂ ਅਲਹਿਦਾ ਇਲਾਕੇ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਕਾਬੂ ਕਰ ਲਏ। 1748 ਤੋਂ 1799 ਦੇ ਵਕਵੇ ਦੌਰਾਨ, ਮਿਸਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਸਰਦਾਰ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਫੌਜਦਾਰ ਬਣ ਗਏ। </p><p>ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਆਗਾਜ਼ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਵਲੋਂ ਲਾਹੌਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਕਿਬਜ਼ ਹੋਣ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਇਆ, ਅਤੇ ਇਸੇ ਲੜੀ ਤਹਿਤ ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨ, ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗਾਂ ਹਾਰਕੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਤੋਂ ਬਰਖ਼ਾਸਤ ਹੋਣੇ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋ ਗਏ, ਨਾਲੇ ਖੇਰੂ-ਖੇਰੂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਮਿਸਲਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਕਤਾ ਆਉਣ ਲੱਗ ਪਈ। ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੂੰ 12 ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 1801 (ਵਿਸਾਖੀ ਵਾਲੇ ਦਿਨ) ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦਾ ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਐਲਾਨਿਆ ਗਿਆ, ਜਿਸ ਨਾਲ ਇੱਕ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਏਕਤਾ ਵਾਲਾ ਰਾਜ ਸਿਰਜਿਆ ਗਿਆ। ਸਾਹਿਬ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੇਦੀ, ਜਿਹੜੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੀ ਪੀੜੀ ਵਿੱਚੋ ਸਨ, ਨੇ ਤਾਜਪੋਸ਼ੀ ਨੂੰ ਅੰਜ਼ਾਮ ਦਿੱਤਾ।<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਇੱਕ ਮਿਸਲ ਦੇ ਮੁੱਖੀ ਹੋਣ ਤੋਂ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਬਣਨ ਤੱਕ, ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਬਹੁਤ ਥੋੜੇ ਵਕਵੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੱਤਾ ਤੇ ਕਾਬਜ਼ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। ਓਹ ਆਪਣੀ ਫੌਜ ਨੂੰ ਤਾਜ਼ਾ ਸਿਖਲਾਈ, ਹਥਿਆਰਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਤੋਪਖ਼ਾਨਿਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਮੌਡਰਨ ਕਰਨ ਲੱਗ ਪਿਆ। ਸੰਨ 1799 ਈਸਵੀ ਤੋਂ 1849 ਈਸਵੀ ਤੱਕ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਰਾਜ ਦੇ ਚਾਰ ਸੂਬੇ ਸਨ: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਲਹੌਰ">ਲਹੌਰ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮੁਲਤਾਨ">ਮੁਲਤਾਨ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਪਿਸ਼ੌਰ">ਪੇਸ਼ਾਵਰ</a> ਅਤੇ ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ। ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ, ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਫ਼ੁੱਟ ਅਤੇ ਮਾੜੇ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਕੀ ਕਾਰਨਾ ਕਰਕੇ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। ਅਖੀਰ, ਸੰਨ 1849 ਤੱਕ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਦੂਜੀ ਐਂਗਲੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ">ਦੂਜੀ ਐਂਗਲੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ</a> ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਰਨ ਨਾਲ ਇਹ ਬਰਤਾਨਵੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਅਤੇ ਉਸਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਭਾਰਤ ਅਤੇ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਆਇਆ। </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span id=".E0.A8.87.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B8"></span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਪਿਛੋਕੜ"><span id=".E0.A8.AA.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.9B.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.95.E0.A9.9C"></span>ਪਿਛੋਕੜ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&section=2" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਪਿਛੋਕੜ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਸਿੱਖੀ ਦਾ ਆਗਾਜ਼ ਉਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਹੋਇਆ, ਜਦ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7_%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਮੱਧ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ">ਮੱਧ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ</a> ਦੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0" title="ਬਾਬਰ">ਬਾਬਰ</a> ਨੇ ਉੱਤਰ ਦੱਖਣੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ ਨੂੰ ਜਿੱਤਕੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="ਮੁਗਲ ਸਲਤਨਤ">ਮੁਗ਼ਲੀਆ ਸਲਤਨਤ</a> ਨੂੰ ਕਾਇਮ ਕਰਨਾ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕੀਤਾ। ਅਗਾਹਾਂ ਸਲਤਨਤ ਦੀ ਵਾਂਗ ਸੰਭਾਲਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਨਿਰਪੱਖ ਪੋਤੇ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0" title="ਅਕਬਰ">ਅਕਬਰ</a> ਨੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8" title="ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰਦਾਸ">ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰਦਾਸ</a> ਦੇ ਲੰਗਰ ਛਕਣ ਅਤੇ ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਕਰਨ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ, ਸਿੱਖੀ ਬਾਰੇ ਇੱਕ ਵਧੀਆ ਖਿਆਲ ਬਣਾ ਲਿਆ। ਇਸ ਮੁਲਾਕਾਤ ਦਾ ਇਹ ਸਿੱਟਾ ਨਿਕਲਿਆ, ਕਿ ਉਸਨੇ ਲੰਗਰ ਵਿਸਤੇ ਜ਼ਮੀਨ ਭੇਟਾ ਕੀਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਸੰਨ 1605, ਉਸਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਤੱਕ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82" title="ਸਿੱਖ ਗੁਰੂ">ਸਿੱਖ ਗੁਰੂਆਂ</a> ਅਤੇ ਮੁਗਲਾਂ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਕੋਈ ਟਕਰਾ ਦਾ ਮਹੌਲ ਨਹੀਂ ਬਣਿਆ।<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਜੀਓਗ੍ਰਾਫੀ"><span id=".E0.A8.9C.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.93.E0.A8.97.E0.A9.8D.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.AB.E0.A9.80"></span>ਜੀਓਗ੍ਰਾਫੀ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&section=3" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਜੀਓਗ੍ਰਾਫੀ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਰਾਜ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਮੌਡਰਨ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਵੰਡਾ ਦਾ ਬਣਿਆ ਸੀ: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ਪੰਜਾਬ ਖੇਤਰ">ਪੰਜਾਬ ਖੇਤਰ</a> ਦੱਖਣ ਵੱਲ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮੁਲਤਾਨ">ਮੁਲਤਾਨ</a> ਤੱਕ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ਲਹਿੰਦਾ ਪੰਜਾਬ">ਲਹਿੰਦਾ ਪੰਜਾਬ</a>, ਲਹੌਰ ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ ਵਜੋਂ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ਚੜ੍ਹਦਾ ਪੰਜਾਬ">ਚੜ੍ਹਦਾ ਪੰਜਾਬ</a> ਦੇ ਕੁਝ ਹਿੱਸੇ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼">ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼</a>, ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਕੁਝ ਹਿੱਸੇ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0_(%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C)" title="ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ (ਰਾਜ)">ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ|ਜੰਮੂ</a>, ਭਾਰਤ, ਕਬਜ਼ਾ 1816 - 17 ਜੂਨ 1822</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0_(%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C)" title="ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ (ਰਾਜ)">ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ|ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ</a>, ਭਾਰਤ/ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ/ਚੀਨ, ਜਿਤਿਆ 5 ਜੁਲਾਈ 1819 - 15 ਮਾਰਚ 1846<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਗਿੱਲਗਿਤ ਬਲਤਿਸਤਾਨ">ਗਿੱਲਗਿਤ ਬਲਤਿਸਤਾਨ</a>, ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ, ਕਬਜ਼ਾ 1842 - 1846<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="ਲਦਾਖ਼">ਲਦਾਖ਼</a>, ਚੀਨ</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਖ਼ੈਬਰ ਦੱਰਾ">ਖ਼ੈਬਰ ਦੱਰਾ</a>, ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ/ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ਪੇਸ਼ਾਵਰ">ਪੇਸ਼ਾਵਰ</a>, ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1818 ਵਿੱਚ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ, 1834 ਵਿੱਚ ਦੁਬਾਰਾ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE" title="ਖ਼ੈਬਰ ਪਖ਼ਤੁਨਖ਼ਵਾ">ਖ਼ੈਬਰ ਪਖ਼ਤੁਨਖ਼ਵਾ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਫ਼ੈਡਰਲੀ ਐਡਮਿਨਿਸਟਰਡ ਟ੍ਰਾਈਬਲ ਏਰੀਅਜ਼ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਫ਼ੈਡਰਲੀ ਐਡਮਿਨਿਸਟਰਡ ਟ੍ਰਾਈਬਲ ਏਰੀਅਜ਼</a>, ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ, ਬਿਰਤਾਂਤ ਮੁਤਾਬਕ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE,_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾ, ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾ</a> ਤੋਂ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%82,_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਬੰਨੂ, ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਬੰਨੂ</a> ਤੱਕ 1818 ਵਿੱਚ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ, 1836 ਵਿੱਚ ਦੁਬਾਰਾ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਟਾਈਮਲਾਈਨ"><span id=".E0.A8.9F.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.88.E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.B2.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.88.E0.A8.A8"></span>ਟਾਈਮਲਾਈਨ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&section=4" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਟਾਈਮਲਾਈਨ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1699 - ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਵਲੋਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ਖਾਲਸਾ">ਖਾਲਸਾ</a> ਪ੍ਰਗਟ।</li> <li>1710–1716, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0" title="ਬੰਦਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਬਹਾਦਰ">ਬੰਦਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਬਹਾਦਰ</a> ਵਲੋਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2" title="ਮੁਗ਼ਲ">ਮੁਗ਼ਲਾਂ</a> ਨੂੰ ਹਰਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ">ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ</a> ਰਾਜ ਕਾਇਮ।</li> <li>1716–1738, ਗ਼ਦਰ, ਕੋਈ ਅਸਲੀ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਨਹੀਂ; ਦੋ ਦੁਹਾਕਇਆ ਲਈ ਮੁਗ਼ਲਾਂ ਵਲੋਂ ਮਹੌਲ ਨੂੰ ਫਿਰ ਕਾਬੂ, ਭਰ ਸਿੱਖ ਬਗ਼ਾਵਤ ਕਰ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਗੁਰੀਲਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਗੁਰੀਲਾ</a> ਵੌਰਫੇਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਰੁੱਝੇ।</li> <li>1733–1735, ਸਿਰਫ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਾ-ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ, ਖ਼ਾਲਸੇ ਵਲੋਂ ਮੁਗ਼ਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਨਵਾਬੀ ਰੁਤਬੇ ਨੂੰ ਪਰਵਾਨ।</li> <li>1748–1767, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਅਹਿਮਦ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਅਬਦਾਲੀ">ਅਹਿਮਦ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਅਬਦਾਲੀ</a> ਵਲੋਂ ਹੋਲਾ।</li> <li>1763–1774, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਚੜਤ ਸਿੰਘ">ਚੜਤ ਸਿੰਘ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਚੱਕੀਆ ਮਿਸਲ">ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਚੱਕੀਆ ਮਿਸਲ</a> ਦੇ ਮਿਸਲਦਾਰ ਵਲੋਂ ਗੁਜਰਾਂਵਾਲਾ ਵਿਖੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਸਥਾਪਿਤ।</li> <li>1764–1783, <a href="/wiki/%EF%BB%BF%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%98%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="ਬਘੇਲ ਸਿੰਘ">ਬਘੇਲ ਸਿੰਘ</a>, ਕਰੋੜ ਸਿੰਘੀਆ ਮਿਸਲ ਦੇ ਮਿਸਲਦਾਰ ਵਲੋਂ ਮੁਗ਼ਲਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਟੈਕਸ ਲਾਗੂ।</li> <li>1783- ਦਿੱਲੀ ਅਤੇ ਲਾਲ ਕਿਲ੍ਹੇ ਉੱਤੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ।</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg/220px-Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg/330px-Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg/440px-Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2049" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption>1846 ਵਿੱਚ ਸਭਰਾਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ ਦਾ ਦਰਿਸ਼।</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1773, ਅਹਿਮਦ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਅਬਦਾਲੀ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਉਪਰੰਤ ਉਸਦੇ ਮੁੰਡੇ ਤਿਮੂਰ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਦੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਵੱਲ ਕਈ ਹੋਲੇ।</li> <li>1774–1790, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਮਹਾਂ ਸਿੰਘ">ਮਹਾਂ ਸਿੰਘ</a> ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਚੱਕੀਆ ਮਿਸਲ ਦਾ ਮਿਸਲਦਾਰ ਬਣਿਆ।</li> <li>1790–1801, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ">ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ</a> ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਚੱਕੀਆ ਮਿਸਲ ਦਾ ਮਿਸਲਦਾਰ ਬਣਿਆ।</li> <li>1799, ਸਿੱਖ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਫ਼ੌਜ ਦਾ ਗਠਨ।</li> <li>12 ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 1801, ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੂੰ ਬਤੌਰ ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਵਜੋਂ ਤਾਜਪੋਸ਼ੀ।</li> <li>12 ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 1801 – 27 ਜੂਨ 1839, ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ।</li> <li>13 ਜੁਲਾਈ 1813, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਅੱਟਕ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਅੱਟਕ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ</a>, ਸਿੱਖ ਐਮਪਾਇਰ ਦੀ ਦੁਰਾਨੀ ਸਲਤਨਤ ਉੱਪਰ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਅਹਿਮ ਫਤਿਹ।</li> <li>ਮਾਰਚ – 2 ਜੂਨ 1818, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਮੁਲਤਾਨ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ">ਮੁਲਤਾਨ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗਾਂ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗਾਂ</a> ਦੀ ਦੂਜੀ ਲੜਾਈ।</li> <li>3 ਜੁਲਾਈ 1819, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼ੋਪੀਆ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸ਼ੋਪੀਆ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ</a></li> <li>14 ਮਾਰਚ 1823, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਨੌਸ਼ਹਿਰਾ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਨੌਸ਼ਹਿਰਾ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ</a></li> <li>30 ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 1837, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਜਮਰੌਦ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ">ਜਮਰੌਦ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ</a></li> <li>27 ਜੂਨ 1839 – 5 ਨਵੰਬਰ 1840, ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਖੜਕ ਸਿੰਘ">ਖੜਕ ਸਿੰਘ</a> ਦਾ ਰਾਜ।</li> <li>5 ਨਵੰਬਰ 1840 – 18 ਜਨਵਰੀ 1841, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਚੰਦ ਕੌਰ">ਚੰਦ ਕੌਰ</a> ਵੱਲੋਂ ਰਾਜ ਦੀ ਸੰਖੇਪ ਵਕਵੇ ਲਈ ਸੰਭਾਲ।</li> <li>18 ਜਨਵਰੀ 1841 – 15 ਸਤੰਬਰ 1843, ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਸ਼ੇਰ ਸਿੰਘ">ਸ਼ੇਰ ਸਿੰਘ</a> ਦਾ ਰਾਜ।</li> <li>ਮਈ 1841 – ਅਗਸਤ 1842, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸੀਨੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸੀਨੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ</a></li> <li>15 ਸਤੰਬਰ 1843 – 31 ਮਾਰਚ 1849, ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਦਲੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ">ਦਲੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ</a> ਦਾ ਰਾਜ।</li> <li>1845–1846, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਪਹਿਲੀ ਐਂਗਲੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ">ਪਹਿਲੀ ਐਂਗਲੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ</a></li> <li>1848–1849, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਦੂਜੀ ਐਂਗਲੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ">ਦੂਜੀ ਐਂਗਲੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਗ਼ਦਾਰ_ਨਹੀਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.97.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.A6.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0_.E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.B9.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.82"></span>ਗ਼ਦਾਰ ਨਹੀਂ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&section=5" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਗ਼ਦਾਰ ਨਹੀਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਮਹਾਨ ਸਿੱਖ ਕਿਰਦਾਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਗ਼ਦਾਰ ਗਰਦਾਨ ਕੇ ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਦੇ ਚਾਪਲੂਸ ਬਣਨ ਦੀ ਦੌੜ੍ਹ ਵਿਚ ਹਰ ਕੋਈ ਇਕ ਦੂਸਰੇ ਨੂੰ ਪਛਾੜਨਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਪਰ ਇਹ ਤਾਂ ਸੋਚੋ ਅਗਲੇ ਤਾਂ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਪੈਰ ਜੁੱਤੀ ਬਰਾਬਰ ਵੀ ਨੀ ਜਾਣਦੇ ਕਿਉਂ ਜਮਨਾ ਪਾਰ ਵਾਲਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਪੱਗਾਂ ਪੈਰਾਂ ਤੇ ਰੱਖ ਮੱਥੇ ਟੇਕੀ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹੋ ਬੇਸ਼ਰਮੋਂ 1857 ਦੇ ਗਦਰ ਨੂੰ ਦਬਾਉਣ ਵਿਚ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡੀ ਭੂਮਿਕਾ ਸਿੱਖ ਰੈਜੀਮੈਂਟ ਨੇ ਨਿਭਾਈ ਸੀ,ਜਿਸ ਵਿਚ ਸੰਤ ਬਾਬਾ ਕਰਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਹੋਤੀ ਮਰਦਾਨ ਵਰਗੇ ਸੰਤ ਪੁਰਸ਼ਾਂ ਵੀ ਡਿਊਟੀ ਨਿਭਾ ਕੇ ਧਰਮ ਕਮਾਇਆ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਪੂਰਬੀਆਂ ਨੇ ਦਿੱਲੀ ਵਿਚ ਏਨੀ ਜਿਆਦਾ ਲੁੱਟਮਾਰ ਕਤਲੋਗਾਰਤ ਕੀਤੀ ਸੀ ਜਿਸਦਾ ਵਰਨਣ ਸਿੱਖ ਤਵਾਰੀਖ਼ ਵਿਚ ਦਰਜ ਹੈ। ਏਸੇ ਘਟਨਾ ਨੂੰ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕਾਰ ਦੋਸ਼ੀ ਵੀ ਗਰਦਾਨਦੇ ਹਨ,ਕਿ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੇ 1857 ਵਿਚ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਦਾ ਸਾਥ ਦਿੱਤਾ। ਜਿਸਦਾ ਜਵਾਬ ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਸਿੱਖ ਕੌਂਸਲ ਦੇ ਚੇਅਰਮੈਨ ਸਰਦਾਰ ਕੁਲਬੀਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਕੌੜ੍ਹਾ ਦੇਂਦੇ ਹਨ। "ਜਿੰਨਾ ਪੂਰਬੀਆਂ ਡੋਗਰਿਆਂ ਕਰਕੇ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦਾ ਕਾਬਲ ਕੰਧਾਰ ਤੋਂ ਲੇਹ ਲਦਾਖ ਤੱਕ ਦਾ ਰਾਜਭਾਗ ਗਿਆ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਤੇ ਕੇਵਲ 8 ਸਾਲ ਬਾਅਦ ਸਿੱਖ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਇਤਬਾਰ ਕਰ ਲੈਂਦੇ ?” ਰਹੀ ਗੱਲ ਮਜੀਠੀਆ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਦੀ ਸਰਦਾਰ ਚਤਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੀ ਦੀ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਦਾ ਰਾਵਲਪਿੰਡੀ ਦਾ ਗਵਰਨਰ ਸੀ। ਜਿਸਦੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਰਾਜਾ ਸੂਰਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ 1848 ਵਿਚ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਰਾਜ ਬਚਾਉਣ ਹਿੱਤ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਵਿਰੁੱਧ ਬਗਾਵਤ ਕੀਤੀ, ਤੇ 1849 ਵਿਚ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੇ ਮਜੀਠੀਆ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਦੀ ਸਾਰੀ ਜਾਇਦਾਦ ਜਬਤ ਕਰਕੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਚੋਂ ਕੱਢ ਬਨਾਰਸ ਜਲਾਵਤਨ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ । ਉਸਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਕਲਾ ਵਰਤੀ ਜਦੋਂ ਕੁਝ ਧਾੜਵੀਆਂ ਨੇ ਚਨਾਰ ਦੇ ਕਿਲ੍ਹੇ ਵਿਚ ਕੈਦ ਮਹਾਰਾਣੀ ਜਿੰਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਗਹਿਣੇ ਲੁੱਟਣੇ ਚਾਹੇ ਤਾਂ ਜਨਰਲ ਸੂਰਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੀ ਜਾਨ ਤੇ ਖੇਡ ਕੇ ਐਸੀ ਬਹਾਦਰੀ ਵਿਖਾਈ ਕਿ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਨੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੀ ਸਾਰੀ ਜਾਇਦਾਦ ਫੇਰ ਵਾਪਸ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਤੇ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਵਿਚ ਆਨਰੇਰੀ ਮੈਜਿਸਟਰੇਟ ਨਿਯੁਕਤ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ। ਚਾਪਲੂਸੀ ਕਰਕੇ ਗੱਦੀਆਂ ਹਾਸਲ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਕਿਰਦਾਰਾਂ ਤੇ ਧੱਬਾ ਲਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਇਹ ਸੋਚ ਲਵੋ ਕਿ ਜਵਾਬ ਦੇਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਬੈਠੇ ਹਨ। ਮੇਰਾ ਸਵਾਲ ਤਾਂ ਇਹ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਜੰਗੇ ਅਜਾਦੀ ਦੀ ਲੜ੍ਹਾਈ 1857 ਨੂੰ ਹੀ ਕਿਉਂ ਮੰਨਿਆ ਗਿਆ? ਜਦਕਿ ਉਸ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਬੁੱਢਾ ਦਲ ਦੇ ਸਤਵੇਂ ਮੁਖੀ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਹਨੂੰਮਾਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੀ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਵਿਰੁੱਧ ਜੂਝ ਕੇ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਹੋਏ । ਬਾਬਾ ਬੀਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੌਰੰਗਾਬਾਦ ਜੀ ਦੀ ਸ਼ਹਾਦਤ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ਾਂ ਵਿਰੁੱਧ ਜੂਝਦਿਆਂ ਹੋਈ। ਭਾਈ ਮਹਾਰਾਜ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਜਲਾਵਤਨ ਕਰਕੇ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ । ਸੰਤ ਬਾਬਾ ਰਾਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੀ ਦੀ ਚਲਾਈ ਕੂਕਾ ਲਹਿਰ ਜਿੰਨਾ ਬਾਗ਼ੀ ਕੌਣ ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ ਜਿੰਨਾ ਨੂੰ ਜਲਾਵਤਨ ਕਰਕੇ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ । ਇਹ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਸ਼ਹਾਦਤਾਂ ਦੇਸ਼ ਤੇ ਵਤਨ ਖਾਤਰ ਹੋਈਆਂ, ਜੰਗੇ ਅਜਾਦੀ ਵਿਚ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਸ਼ਹਾਦਤਾਂ ਕਾਮਾਗਾਟਾਮਾਰੂ ਤੋਂ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਕਾਲੇ ਪਾਣੀਆਂ ਤੱਕ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਨੇ ਦਿੱਤੀਆਂ ਫੇਰ ਅਗਸਤ 1947 ਵਿਚ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੀ ਵੰਡ ਵੇਲੇ 10 ਲੱਖ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਕਤਲੇਆਮ,ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸੂਬੇ ਦਾ ਮੋਰਚਾ, ਧਰਮ ਯੁੱਧ ਮੋਰਚਾ ਤੋਂ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਤੱਕ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਕੁਰਬਾਨੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਏਨਾ ਅਣਗੌਲ੍ਹੇ ਕਿਉਂ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਜਿਸ ਸਵਾਲ ਤੇ ਹਰ ਕੋਈ ਚੁੱਪ ਹੈ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਮਜੀਠੀਆ ਦੀ ਸਿੱਖ ਪੰਥ ਨੂੰ ਕੀ ਦੇਣ ਸੀ ਉਸ ਦਾ ਜਿਕਰ ਅਗਲੀ ਪੋਸਟ ਵਿਚ ਕਰਾਂਗੇ।<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.87"></span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&section=6" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਸਾਈਟੇਸ਼ਨਾਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.88.E0.A8.9F.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82"></span>ਸਾਈਟੇਸ਼ਨਾਂ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&section=7" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸਾਈਟੇਸ਼ਨਾਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r636460">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition_1911_Page_892-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition_1911_Page_892_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition_1911_Page_892_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <span class="citation book">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911) "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ranjit_Singh" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a>" <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> <b>22</b> (11th ed.) Cambridge University Press p. 892</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%5B%5BWikisource%3A1911+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2FRanjit+Singh%7CRanjit+Singh%5D%5D&rft.atitle=%5B%5BEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Eleventh+Edition%7CEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%5D%5D&rft.date=1911&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B892&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="pa" dir="ltr">ਹਵਾਲੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਗ਼ਲਤੀ:Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition 1911 Page 892" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grewal112-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Grewal112_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765793">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrewal1990" class="citation book cs1">Grewal, J. S. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2_nryFANsoYC"><i>The Sikhs of the Punjab, Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849)</i></a>. The New Cambridge History of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-521-63764-3" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-521-63764-3"><bdi>0-521-63764-3</bdi></a>. <q>The continuance of Persian as the language of administration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikhs+of+the+Punjab%2C+Chapter+6%3A+The+Sikh+empire+%281799%E2%80%931849%29&rft.series=The+New+Cambridge+History+of+India&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-521-63764-3&rft.aulast=Grewal&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2_nryFANsoYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFFenech2013" class="citation book cs1">Fenech, Louis E. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aUUfAQAAQBAJ&q=principal+language"><i>The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire</i></a>. Oxford University Press (US). p. 239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0199931453" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0199931453"><bdi>978-0199931453</bdi></a>. <q>We see such acquaintance clearly within the Sikh court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, for example, the principal language of which was Persian.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikh+Zafar-namah+of+Guru+Gobind+Singh%3A+A+Discursive+Blade+in+the+Heart+of+the+Mughal+Empire&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+%28US%29&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0199931453&rft.aulast=Fenech&rft.aufirst=Louis+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaUUfAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dprincipal%2Blanguage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFGrewal1990" class="citation book cs1">Grewal, J.S. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2_nryFANsoYC&pg=PA107"><i>The Sikhs of the Punjab</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-521-63764-3" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-521-63764-3"><bdi>0-521-63764-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikhs+of+the+Punjab&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-521-63764-3&rft.aulast=Grewal&rft.aufirst=J.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2_nryFANsoYC%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESatinder_Singh,_Raja_Gulab_Singh's_Role197146–50-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESatinder_Singh,_Raja_Gulab_Singh's_Role197146–50_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSatinder_Singh,_Raja_Gulab_Singh's_Role1971">Satinder Singh, Raja Gulab Singh's Role 1971</a>, pp. 46–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Singh, Amarpal (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RHWoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT16"><i>The First Anglo-Sikh War</i></a> (in ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ). Amberley Publishing Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-1-4456-2038-1" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-1-4456-2038-1"><bdi>978-1-4456-2038-1</bdi></a>. <q>By 1839, the year of his death, the Sikh kingdom extended from Tibet and Kashmir to Sind and from the Khyber Pass to the Himalayas in the east. It spanned 600 miles from east to west and 350 miles from north to south, comprising an area of just over 200,000 square miles.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Anglo-Sikh+War&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4456-2038-1&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Amarpal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRHWoAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Encyclopedia_of_Empire-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Encyclopedia_of_Empire_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2016" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Pashaura (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe314">"Sikh Empire"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Empire</i>. pp. 1–6. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118455074.wbeoe314">10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe314</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-1118455074" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-1118455074"><bdi>978-1118455074</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sikh+Empire&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Empire&rft.pages=1-6&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781118455074.wbeoe314&rft.isbn=978-1118455074&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Pashaura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1002%2F9781118455074.wbeoe314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/IDE822/">"Ranjit Singh: A Secular Sikh Sovereign by K.S. Duggal. ''(Date:1989. ISBN 8170172446'')"</a>. Exoticindiaart.com. 3 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ranjit+Singh%3A+A+Secular+Sikh+Sovereign+by+K.S.+Duggal.+%27%26%2339%3B%28Date%3A1989.+ISBN+8170172446%27%26%2339%3B%29&rft.pub=Exoticindiaart.com&rft.date=2015-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exoticindiaart.com%2Fbook%2Fdetails%2FIDE822%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grewal-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Grewal_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFGrewal1990" class="citation book cs1">Grewal, J. S. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2_nryFANsoYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn%3D0521637643&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yKFPU_76KoaEO5blgYgH&ved=0CEwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=isbn%3D0521637643&f=false"><i>The Sikhs of the Punjab, Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849)</i></a>. The New Cambridge History of India. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0_521_63764_3" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0 521 63764 3"><bdi>0 521 63764 3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikhs+of+the+Punjab%2C+Chapter+6%3A+The+Sikh+empire+%281799%E2%80%931849%29&rft.series=The+New+Cambridge+History+of+India&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0521637643&rft.aulast=Grewal&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2_nryFANsoYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Disbn%253D0521637643%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DyKFPU_76KoaEO5blgYgH%26ved%3D0CEwQ6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Disbn%253D0521637643%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/">The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism</a>, section <i>Sāhib Siṅgh Bedī, Bābā (1756–1834)</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKalsi2005">Kalsi 2005</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Masters Revealed, (Johnson, p. 128)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Britain and Tibet 1765–1947, (Marshall, p.116)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Cahoon" class="citation web cs1">Ben Cahoon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Pakistan_princes.html">"Pakistan Princely States"</a>. Worldstatesmen.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan+Princely+States&rft.pub=Worldstatesmen.org&rft.au=Ben+Cahoon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstatesmen.org%2FPakistan_princes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Khyber Pass: A History of Empire and Invasion, (Docherty, p.187)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Khyber Pass: A History of Empire and Invasion, (Docherty, p.185-187)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bennett-Jones, Owen; Singh, Sarina, <i>Pakistan & the Karakoram Highway</i> Page 199</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ਸ਼ਮਸ਼ੇਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੇਠੂਵਾਲ</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਸਰੋਤ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.A4"></span>ਸਰੋਤ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&section=8" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸਰੋਤ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFHeath2005" class="citation cs2">Heath, Ian (2005), <i>The Sikh Army 1799-1849</i>, Osprey Publishing (UK), <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/1-84176-777-8" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/1-84176-777-8"><bdi>1-84176-777-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikh+Army+1799-1849&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing+%28UK%29&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-84176-777-8&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFKalsi2005" class="citation cs2">Kalsi, Sewa Singh (2005), <i>Sikhism</i>, Religions of the World, Chelsea House Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-7910-8098-6" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-7910-8098-6"><bdi>978-0-7910-8098-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikhism&rft.series=Religions+of+the+World&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7910-8098-6&rft.aulast=Kalsi&rft.aufirst=Sewa+Singh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFMarkovits2004" class="citation cs2">Markovits, Claude (2004), <i>A history of modern India, 1480-1950</i>, London, England: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthem_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthem Press (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Anthem Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-1-84331-152-2" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-1-84331-152-2"><bdi>978-1-84331-152-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+modern+India%2C+1480-1950&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84331-152-2&rft.aulast=Markovits&rft.aufirst=Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFJestice2004" class="citation cs2">Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H5cQH17-HnMC&pg=PA345&dq=guru+har+gobind+jahangir&cd=2#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Holy people of the world: a cross-cultural encyclopedia, Volume 3</i></a>, ABC-CLIO, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-1-57607-355-1" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-1-57607-355-1"><bdi>978-1-57607-355-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holy+people+of+the+world%3A+a+cross-cultural+encyclopedia%2C+Volume+3&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-355-1&rft.aulast=Jestice&rft.aufirst=Phyllis+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH5cQH17-HnMC%26pg%3DPA345%26dq%3Dguru%2Bhar%2Bgobind%2Bjahangir%26cd%3D2%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFJohar1975" class="citation cs2">Johar, Surinder Singh (1975), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dFomYOVXsAkC&pg=PA192&dq=tegh+bahadur+martyrdom&hl=en&ei=VdTES8i6DpCKNLDWxL8O&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=2&ved=0CDoQ6wEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Guru Tegh Bahadur</i></a>, University of Wisconsin--Madison Center for South Asian Studies, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/81-7017-030-3" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/81-7017-030-3"><bdi>81-7017-030-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guru+Tegh+Bahadur&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin--Madison+Center+for+South+Asian+Studies&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=81-7017-030-3&rft.aulast=Johar&rft.aufirst=Surinder+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdFomYOVXsAkC%26pg%3DPA192%26dq%3Dtegh%2Bbahadur%2Bmartyrdom%26hl%3Den%26ei%3DVdTES8i6DpCKNLDWxL8O%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dbook-thumbnail%26resnum%3D2%26ved%3D0CDoQ6wEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2008" class="citation cs2">Singh, Pritam (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mQLDcjhNoJwC&pg=PA26&dq=dal+khalsa+banda+bahadur&hl=en&ei=55PGS9jfJ4XUM8XDuewI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Routledge</a>, pp. 25–26, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-415-45666-1" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-415-45666-1"><bdi>978-0-415-45666-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Federalism%2C+Nationalism+and+Development%3A+India+and+the+Punjab+Economy&rft.pages=25-26&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-415-45666-1&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Pritam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmQLDcjhNoJwC%26pg%3DPA26%26dq%3Ddal%2Bkhalsa%2Bbanda%2Bbahadur%26hl%3Den%26ei%3D55PGS9jfJ4XUM8XDuewI%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D3%26ved%3D0CD4Q6AEwAg%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFNesbitt2005" class="citation cs2">Nesbitt, Eleanor (2005), <i>Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction</i>, Oxford University Press, USA, p. 61, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-19-280601-7" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-19-280601-7"><bdi>978-0-19-280601-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikhism%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280601-7&rft.aulast=Nesbitt&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96+%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਹੋਰ_ਅੱਗੇ_ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ"><span id=".E0.A8.B9.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.B0_.E0.A8.85.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.97.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.AA.E0.A9.9C.E0.A9.8D.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.88"></span>ਹੋਰ ਅੱਗੇ ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&section=9" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਹੋਰ ਅੱਗੇ ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Volume 2: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708–1769)</i>, By Hari Ram Gupta. (Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. Date: 1999, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/8121505402" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-215-0540-2</a>, 383 pages, illustrated).</li> <li><i>The Sikh Army (1799–1849) (Men-at-arms)</i>, By Ian Heath. (Date: 2005, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/1841767778" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-84176-777-8</a>).</li> <li><i>The Heritage of the Sikhs By Harbans Singh</i>. (Date: 1994, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/8173040648" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-7304-064-8</a>).</li> <li><i>Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire</i>. (Date: 2000, Second Edition. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/8121502136" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-215-0213-6</a>).</li> <li><i>The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of Sikh Misls</i>. (Date: 2001, revised edition. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/8121501652" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-215-0165-2</a>).</li> <li><i>Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lord of the Five Rivers</i>, By Jean-Marie Lafont. <i>(Oxford University Press. Date: 2002, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0195661117" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-566111-7</a>)</i>.</li> <li><i>History of Panjab</i>, By Dr L. M. Joshi and Dr Fauja Singh.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਲਿੰਕ"><span id=".E0.A8.AC.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.B2.E0.A8.BF.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.95"></span>ਬਾਹਰੀ ਲਿੰਕ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&section=10" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਬਾਹਰੀ ਲਿੰਕ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r648841">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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