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Multimedia</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <main role="main" id="main-content"> <div class="region region-help"> <div class="wrapper-lg"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-content"> <div class="region region-content"> <div class="wrapper-lg hero-child-image"> <figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-responsive-hero"> <img src="https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2019-09/gsp-def-header.jpg?itok=4Ma9cnBc" width="500" height="300" alt="Shadow silhouettes of people over a missile. " title="" srcset="https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2019-09/gsp-def-header.jpg?itok=ES13ez-K 1500w, https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-09/gsp-def-header.jpg?itok=n7jNGlGr 1000w, https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2019-09/gsp-def-header.jpg?itok=4Ma9cnBc 500w" class="image-style-original" /> <figcaption> <div class="field field--name-field-image-credit field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Kacper Pempel/Reuters</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div id="block-ucstheme-page-title" class="block block-core block-page-title-block hero-child"> <div class="breadcrumb"> <a href="/nuclear-weapons">Nuclear Weapons</a> </div> <h1 class="page-title"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">US Missile Defense</span> </h1> <p class="page-subtitle"></p> <div class="field--name-field-intro-paragraph"> <p>Unproven, unaccountable, and unhelpful for reducing the nuclear threat.</p> </div> </div> <article class="node node--type-page node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="column-general"> <div class="main-region"> <div class="block block-toc-js block-toc-js-block"> <details> <summary>Table of Contents</summary> <div id="sticky-anchor"></div> <div class="toc-js" id="toc-js-block" data-selectors=".field--name-field-toc-entry" data-selectors-minimum="0" data-container="div.field--name-field-sections &gt; div.field__item &gt; div.paragraph" data-prefix="toc" data-list-type="ul" data-list-classes="" data-li-classes="" data-heading-classes="" data-skip-invisible-headings="0" data-use-heading-html="0" data-collapsible-items="0" data-collapsible-expanded="1" data-back-to-top="1" data-back-to-top-label="Back to top" data-back-to-top-selector="" data-heading-focus="0" data-back-to-toc="0" data-back-to-toc-label="Back to table of contents" data-back-to-toc-classes="visually-hidden-focusable" data-smooth-scrolling="1" data-scroll-to-offset="100" data-highlight-on-scroll="1" data-highlight-offset="100" data-sticky="0" data-sticky-offset="0" data-toc-container="" data-ajax-page-updates="0" data-observable-selector=""> <nav role="navigation" aria-label="Table of Contents"></nav> </div> </details> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-general"> <div class="main-region"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodepagefield-intro-paragraph"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-intro-paragraph field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Unproven, unaccountable, and unhelpful for reducing the nuclear threat.</p></div> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodepagebody"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Six hours north of Anchorage, Alaska, lies a sprawling, snow-covered military base called Fort Greeley. Three thousand miles to its south, outside Lompoc, California, is another major installation—Vandenberg Air Force Base.</p> <p>The two bases are linked by a unique security objective: to destroy nuclear-tipped missiles bound for the United States, should they ever be launched from North Korea or another hostile state.</p> <p>Unfortunately, the United States has invested tens of billions of dollars in a system that has not proven to work under real-world conditions—a practical reality that more money and research won't fix. What's more, missile defense systems create other problems including potential overconfidence in the defense and incentive for adversaries to build more nuclear weapons.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-section"> <div class="main-region"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodepagefield-sections"> <div class="field field--name-field-sections field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-toc-entry field--type-string field--label-hidden hidden field__item">How it works</div> <h2 class="section-header">How it works</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-callout field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--node-callout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-related-content field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article class="node node--type-resource node--view-mode-teaser"> <a href="/resources/how-does-missile-defense-work" class="img-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-resource-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Explainer</div> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-standard-medium"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2022-07/1500-900-interceptor-missile.jpg?itok=5nbBv7MN" width="500" height="300" alt="Interceptor missile launch." class="image-style-thumbnail" /> </div> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> <h3 > <a href="/resources/how-does-missile-defense-work"> How Does Missile Defense Work? </a> </h3> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">What if North Korea or Iran launched a nuclear missile aimed at the United States? Could we prevent it from arriving?</div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Known as the “Ground-based Midcourse Defense” (GMD), the system’s basic premise is simple: incoming warheads are tracked by radar and satellite and targeted by defensive “interceptor” missiles, launched from the bases in Alaska and California—a task sometimes described as “hitting a bullet with a bullet.”</p> <p>The Union of Concerned Scientists has analyzed the technical and political aspects of missile defense for more than three decades. Though the idea of a missile shield may sound attractive, today’s homeland system is hugely expensive, counterproductive, and offers no proven capability to protect the United States—and no credible path forward for achieving success.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-toc-entry field--type-string field--label-hidden hidden field__item">Oversight & accountability</div> <h2 class="section-header">Oversight & accountability</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-callout field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--node-callout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-related-content field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article class="node node--type-resource node--view-mode-teaser"> <a href="/resources/disastrous-us-approach-strategic-missile-defense" class="img-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-resource-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Report</div> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-standard-medium"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2019-10/shielded-from-oversight-thumb.jpg?itok=dlD_0-2g" width="500" height="300" alt="Illustration showing how a missile defense intercept works" class="image-style-thumbnail" /> </div> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> <h3 > <a href="/resources/disastrous-us-approach-strategic-missile-defense"> The Disastrous US Approach to Strategic Missile Defense </a> </h3> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Missile defense is supposed to protect the US public. The evidence suggests that it doesn’t.</div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Missile defense is supposed to protect the US public. The evidence suggests that it doesn’t.</p> <p>Most military systems face mandatory oversight and accountability requirements, developed to keep projects on-time, at-cost, and to make sure they work as the military needs them to work.</p> <p>The current system—started by the Bush administration in a post-9/11 security environment—was exempted from many of the normal, routine, and important requirements and only parts of this oversight have been reinstated.</p> <p>As a result, the system has had a poor test record even under a limited range of simplified conditions.</p> <p>Early analysis by the Union of Concerned Scientists also showed how <a href="https://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/solutions/missile-defense/countermeasures-a-technical.html">countermeasures</a> like decoy warheads could easily defeat missile defense, an issue never credibly addressed by administration officials.</p> <p>As it exists today, the system could not guarantee protection in a realistic scenario. It’s potentially dangerous: policy makers, misled to believe in missile defense’s effectiveness, may act in ways that increase the likelihood of conflict. It also can be a barrier to deep cuts in the nuclear arsenals of Russia and China, who cite it as a reason to maintain more weapons.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-toc-entry field--type-string field--label-hidden hidden field__item">Space-based missile defense</div> <h2 class="section-header">Space-based missile defense</h2> <div class="field field--name-field-callout field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--node-callout paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-related-content field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article class="node node--type-resource node--view-mode-teaser"> <a href="/resources/space-based-missile-defense-0" class="img-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-resource-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Feature</div> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-standard-medium"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2019-09/space-feature-thumbnail.JPG?itok=Jw3E2uqS" width="500" height="300" alt="thumbnail" class="image-style-thumbnail" /> </div> <figcaption> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </a> <h3 > <a href="/resources/space-based-missile-defense-0"> Space-based Missile Defense </a> </h3> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">It may sound like a good idea. It really isn’t.</div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Since the 1980s, various politicians have floated the idea of “space-based missile defense”—a system aimed at knocking missiles down, using interceptors stationed in orbit around the Earth.</p> <p>The hypothetical benefit of such a system is that it is not susceptible to the kind of countermeasures that limit the effectiveness of the current ground-based system. The disadvantage is that it would be extremely vulnerable to anti-satellite weapons, prohibitively expensive, and highly provocative to China, Russia, and other nuclear-armed countries.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-section"> <div class="main-region"> <div class="block block-block-content block-block-contentfe20625a-20bb-44d8-841f-def5c94e1de8"> <script> var blogSourceUrl = 'https://blog.ucsusa.org/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/?per_page=3'; </script> <aside class="related-blog-posts"></aside> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockrelated-resources-block-1"> <h2>Related resources</h2> <div><div class="view view-related-resources view-id-related_resources view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-446ae77c0fe7b648089ad10f69d457d213d9b141386eacae1bb92ce5d64c61fd"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row"><article class="node node--type-resource node--promoted node--view-mode-teaser"> <a href="/resources/scientific-society-sign-letter" class="img-wrapper"> <div class="field field--name-field-resource-type field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Activist Resource</div> <div class="field field--name-field-thumbnail-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><figure class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-standard-medium"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2025-03/1500-900-scientists-clipboard-getty.jpg?itok=w1YP6DDG" width="500" height="300" alt="Two scientists looking over a clipboard. 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