What is an application architecture?

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <script>performance.mark('HEAD Start');</script> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>What is an application architecture?</title> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://static.redhat.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://consent.trustarc.com"> <script id="rhdc_js_errors_js">window.sentryOnLoad=function(){Sentry.init({dsn:"https://676ea2c2d4a147c2834066d24c04a9e4@o490301.ingest.sentry.io/5370002",ignoreErrors:[],integrations:[Sentry.browserTracingIntegration()],environment:'prod',tracesSampleRate:0.75,sampleRate:0.75});};</script> <script id="rhdc_analytics_get_top_eddl_pagedata">var pageData = {"pageCategory":"topics","pageName":"rh|topics|cloud-native-apps|what-is-an-application-architecture","pageTitle":"What is an application architecture?","pageType":"page","pageSubType":"Article","siteExperience":"","siteLanguage":"en","subsection":"cloud-native-apps","subsection2":"what-is-an-application-architecture","subsection3":"","cms":"RH CMS 1.0","analyticsTitle":"","contentID":"400351","contentType":"","destinationURL":"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/topics\/cloud-native-apps\/what-is-an-application-architecture","gated":"false","offerID":"","errorType":"","contentPublishDate":"2020-02-28","siteName":"rh","dataObject":"appEventData","taxonomyChallenge":["131"],"taxonomyRegion":["4521"],"taxonomySubType":["27551"],"taxonomyTopic":["27031","27031"],"pageStatus":"published"};</script> <script id="rhdc_analytics_get_top_eddl_js">!function(e,a){"use strict";e.appEventData=e.appEventData||[],e.pageData=e.pageData||[];var t={event:"Page Load Started",page:pageData};if(a.referrer){var r=a.createElement("a");r.href=a.referrer,t.page.previousPage=r.href}t.page.siteExperience=e.innerWidth<=768?"tablet":"desktop",appEventData.push(t)}(window,document);</script> <script id="dpal" src="https://www.redhat.com/dtm.js" async></script> <script id="trustarc" src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustarc.js" async></script> <script src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustecm/js/trustecm.js" data-domain="www.redhat.com" async></script> <script class="trustecm" data-src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustecm/js/trustecm-functional.js" data-tracker-type="functional"></script> <script class="trustecm" data-src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustecm/js/trustecm-advertising.js" data-tracker-type="advertising"></script> <script type="importmap">{"imports":{"@rhds/elements/":"/modules/contrib/red_hat_shared_libs/dist/rhds-elements/modules/"},"scopes":{}}</script> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"en\/","currentPath":"node\/400351","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJyNk81SxCAMx19o2T6EHh1vnpkUsi1KCZOkOn1706V1UA966YTfP80XAYsm3TwuI8YhQNVE5ZJho1V9TBLoHXkbqGCgfOHZjyDo1zRMmUbIDzPTgj2vN3xQ-EGe4f0pTbM-0tIrjHEGfRHknq4lWU6BbH_tnFIMfoECE_IQGEGxsZATFjWXGIb94yJWxmB67OCNSO8JvgP3laaTWlO_gJPAqap0QgW1IOWWNye6Zew1QXUZyuQC0VvCu-Kt_rxpCjJ8P3qMMfuRVO-z-dMTmYn_4yjJ5iQIHOaf7sqrqAnXQEVshNdjuleoqfm-Skt0hP46NnXBsjbhiC-bKC7DfoOXDxx5NrPEzvQT01p7MCNEu5ZGAvDpbSWplWSR9SS2Ts26sYm2CvvoDzRhQU7hPHVZ0mIttb0-yOu6VJ9TeRNfbLUa3Hs5TINNPs62uM5YmuD-KBrk2UEItBZ1kalG-jgVsSdSIvC2R7dtPku0Ue_4bPkTg4FVwg","theme":"rhdc","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"rh_oidc_manager":{"debug":false,"cookie_settings":{"rh_sso_session_enabled":true},"oidc_settings":{"authority":"https:\/\/sso.redhat.com\/auth\/realms\/redhat-external","client_id":"rhcom","loadUserInfo":true,"post_logout_redirect_uri":"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en","redirect_uri":"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en","scope":"openid profile_level.rh_events id.email id.idp id.job.title id.job.department id.name id.organization id.sub id.username roles api.graphql","silent_redirect_uri":"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/silent-renew.html"}},"rhdc_analytics":{"searchTerm":null},"rhdc_bulk_tagging":{"should_skip_product_primary_product_requirement":true,"field_taxonomy_product":{"add":"If there is currently no \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E value before this operation,\n a \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E value will be chosen as the \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E.","remove":"\u003Cul\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003EIf removing all existing \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E value(s), the \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E will also be removed.\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003EIf not, please choose a new valid \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E in a previous operation\n before removing the \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003C\/li\u003E\n \u003C\/ul\u003E","replace":"If the \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E that is being replaced is the \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E,\n please change the \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E in a previous operation."},"field_taxonomy_product_primary":{"add":"The \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E that is being added must be a value of an existing \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E value.\n If the \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E value to add is not, please add that \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E in a previous operation.","remove":"You cannot remove the \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E. This operation will be skipped.","replace":"If the new \u003Cb\u003EPrimary Product\u003C\/b\u003E value is not an existing \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E value,\n please add that \u003Cb\u003EProduct\u003C\/b\u003E in a previous operation."}},"rhdcCore":{"webrh":{"version":"1.209.0"}},"rhdc_style":{"flag_myrh_popover":1},"rhdc_solr_listing":{"testmode":false},"csp":{"nonce":"mZX9teNj75j5dhutFBxJyA"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"925c93e5e058a38840206e2faeb20be77d5863a368189af16a0faa928225c714"}}</script> <script src="/rhdc/system-files/js/js_o8NShEaoNof4B_K0ELLqBNLU3LEWsLuVeGykOiply_Y.js?scope=header&delta=0&language=en&theme=rhdc&include=eJyNUkFy5CAM_JAZPyI5pnLbMyWDxpBgRAl5Uv595AHPenYPyQmkFq0Wag7eWciQNomujvwUWvQ-2YlEaBk4WIqKLgrPyKNjBMGWcyliloF_JqtR31QEduE35chMPNStCi7jBBV3Gftp1zjOiSZIL4FpweELJw5juaLJcIszSKR873DnNa32v4SpjmORegIqikmQZ-OIPiOekCuRIJs1xxtyfWJr0L8TCa9VdNSLo1z1gy797y5Q4pBgo1Wsj9WR8m0jZXSUBq2LsllcJvSjg3IfpE3nBPptxowcXY-0SfbA3gYErzJ6tWb6dVL8GdwzBxfTWvo9Lqqv9T5YKItK0p3Jad4CovPma9pMlS1h7dUf61JsivmzWl1DT15ZOdQ3-5OeUrCV9XjBvB7D6C_s02w7g-76rNg2rX91eCyMTn3oz8ZQF7zD7S3OQV6bcw_ksbv3hzoOBpyjNYvxTMXTVz6_YPQB5E89trsrbVZ9uPjc90VXdEc_ajNv9_Uj_AYvCFXC"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/rh_oidc_manager/libraries/dist/js/index.min.js?sn7yne" type="module"></script> <script src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/@redhat/marketing/latest/rh.mktg.js" async></script> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/rhdc/system-files/css/css_0OUyQtTiFvX6N6TWBjZ0F5LTLT9QBDZ0aQ4nQjwSup8.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=rhdc&include=eJyNUkFy5CAM_JAZPyI5pnLbMyWDxpBgRAl5Uv595AHPenYPyQmkFq0Wag7eWciQNomujvwUWvQ-2YlEaBk4WIqKLgrPyKNjBMGWcyliloF_JqtR31QEduE35chMPNStCi7jBBV3Gftp1zjOiSZIL4FpweELJw5juaLJcIszSKR873DnNa32v4SpjmORegIqikmQZ-OIPiOekCuRIJs1xxtyfWJr0L8TCa9VdNSLo1z1gy797y5Q4pBgo1Wsj9WR8m0jZXSUBq2LsllcJvSjg3IfpE3nBPptxowcXY-0SfbA3gYErzJ6tWb6dVL8GdwzBxfTWvo9Lqqv9T5YKItK0p3Jad4CovPma9pMlS1h7dUf61JsivmzWl1DT15ZOdQ3-5OeUrCV9XjBvB7D6C_s02w7g-76rNg2rX91eCyMTn3oz8ZQF7zD7S3OQV6bcw_ksbv3hzoOBpyjNYvxTMXTVz6_YPQB5E89trsrbVZ9uPjc90VXdEc_ajNv9_Uj_AYvCFXC" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustecm/css/trustecm.css" data-onload-media="all" onload="this.onload=null;this.media=this.dataset.onloadMedia" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/rhdc/system-files/css/css_pm3eN3NI48UUHPtyTIyq5XJm9zHjarJe8qXSN99hZeg.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=rhdc&include=eJyNUkFy5CAM_JAZPyI5pnLbMyWDxpBgRAl5Uv595AHPenYPyQmkFq0Wag7eWciQNomujvwUWvQ-2YlEaBk4WIqKLgrPyKNjBMGWcyliloF_JqtR31QEduE35chMPNStCi7jBBV3Gftp1zjOiSZIL4FpweELJw5juaLJcIszSKR873DnNa32v4SpjmORegIqikmQZ-OIPiOekCuRIJs1xxtyfWJr0L8TCa9VdNSLo1z1gy797y5Q4pBgo1Wsj9WR8m0jZXSUBq2LsllcJvSjg3IfpE3nBPptxowcXY-0SfbA3gYErzJ6tWb6dVL8GdwzBxfTWvo9Lqqv9T5YKItK0p3Jad4CovPma9pMlS1h7dUf61JsivmzWl1DT15ZOdQ3-5OeUrCV9XjBvB7D6C_s02w7g-76rNg2rX91eCyMTn3oz8ZQF7zD7S3OQV6bcw_ksbv3hzoOBpyjNYvxTMXTVz6_YPQB5E89trsrbVZ9uPjc90VXdEc_ajNv9_Uj_AYvCFXC" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/rhdc/system-files/css/css_EIoBQ_Q5PAYWhG2zjB3WhdEYHQjDlrbDrAojRs62F3U.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=rhdc&include=eJyNUkFy5CAM_JAZPyI5pnLbMyWDxpBgRAl5Uv595AHPenYPyQmkFq0Wag7eWciQNomujvwUWvQ-2YlEaBk4WIqKLgrPyKNjBMGWcyliloF_JqtR31QEduE35chMPNStCi7jBBV3Gftp1zjOiSZIL4FpweELJw5juaLJcIszSKR873DnNa32v4SpjmORegIqikmQZ-OIPiOekCuRIJs1xxtyfWJr0L8TCa9VdNSLo1z1gy797y5Q4pBgo1Wsj9WR8m0jZXSUBq2LsllcJvSjg3IfpE3nBPptxowcXY-0SfbA3gYErzJ6tWb6dVL8GdwzBxfTWvo9Lqqv9T5YKItK0p3Jad4CovPma9pMlS1h7dUf61JsivmzWl1DT15ZOdQ3-5OeUrCV9XjBvB7D6C_s02w7g-76rNg2rX91eCyMTn3oz8ZQF7zD7S3OQV6bcw_ksbv3hzoOBpyjNYvxTMXTVz6_YPQB5E89trsrbVZ9uPjc90VXdEc_ajNv9_Uj_AYvCFXC" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/rhdc/system-files/css/css__ZGRlO7hi6cvDRzFLWuz8Prti5xMklQq4u42XXc50H0.css?delta=4&language=en&theme=rhdc&include=eJyNUkFy5CAM_JAZPyI5pnLbMyWDxpBgRAl5Uv595AHPenYPyQmkFq0Wag7eWciQNomujvwUWvQ-2YlEaBk4WIqKLgrPyKNjBMGWcyliloF_JqtR31QEduE35chMPNStCi7jBBV3Gftp1zjOiSZIL4FpweELJw5juaLJcIszSKR873DnNa32v4SpjmORegIqikmQZ-OIPiOekCuRIJs1xxtyfWJr0L8TCa9VdNSLo1z1gy797y5Q4pBgo1Wsj9WR8m0jZXSUBq2LsllcJvSjg3IfpE3nBPptxowcXY-0SfbA3gYErzJ6tWb6dVL8GdwzBxfTWvo9Lqqv9T5YKItK0p3Jad4CovPma9pMlS1h7dUf61JsivmzWl1DT15ZOdQ3-5OeUrCV9XjBvB7D6C_s02w7g-76rNg2rX91eCyMTn3oz8ZQF7zD7S3OQV6bcw_ksbv3hzoOBpyjNYvxTMXTVz6_YPQB5E89trsrbVZ9uPjc90VXdEc_ajNv9_Uj_AYvCFXC" /> <link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/rh_base_ui/src/fonts/red_hat_text/RedHatTextVFModified.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/rh_base_ui/src/fonts/red_hat_display/RedHatDisplayVFModified.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin> <script type="speculationrules">{"prerender": [{"urls": ["/en"]}]}</script> <script id="rhdc_js_errors_js">window.sentryOnLoad=function(){Sentry.init({dsn:"https://676ea2c2d4a147c2834066d24c04a9e4@o490301.ingest.sentry.io/5370002",ignoreErrors:[],integrations:[Sentry.browserTracingIntegration()],environment:'prod',tracesSampleRate:0.75,sampleRate:0.75});};</script> <script id="rhdc_analytics_get_top_eddl_pagedata">var pageData = {"pageCategory":"topics","pageName":"rh|topics|cloud-native-apps|what-is-an-application-architecture","pageTitle":"What is an application architecture?","pageType":"page","pageSubType":"Article","siteExperience":"","siteLanguage":"en","subsection":"cloud-native-apps","subsection2":"what-is-an-application-architecture","subsection3":"","cms":"RH CMS 1.0","analyticsTitle":"","contentID":"400351","contentType":"","destinationURL":"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/topics\/cloud-native-apps\/what-is-an-application-architecture","gated":"false","offerID":"","errorType":"","contentPublishDate":"2020-02-28","siteName":"rh","dataObject":"appEventData","taxonomyChallenge":["131"],"taxonomyRegion":["4521"],"taxonomySubType":["27551"],"taxonomyTopic":["27031","27031"],"pageStatus":"published"};</script> <script id="rhdc_analytics_get_top_eddl_js">!function(e,a){"use strict";e.appEventData=e.appEventData||[],e.pageData=e.pageData||[];var t={event:"Page Load Started",page:pageData};if(a.referrer){var r=a.createElement("a");r.href=a.referrer,t.page.previousPage=r.href}t.page.siteExperience=e.innerWidth<=768?"tablet":"desktop",appEventData.push(t)}(window,document);</script> <script id="trustarc" src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustarc.js" async></script> <script src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustecm/js/trustecm.js" data-domain="www.redhat.com" async></script> <script class="trustecm" data-src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustecm/js/trustecm-functional.js" data-tracker-type="functional"></script> <script class="trustecm" data-src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/marketing/latest/trustarc/trustecm/js/trustecm-advertising.js" data-tracker-type="advertising"></script> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="An application architecture describes the patterns and techniques used to design and build an application, so you end up with a well-structured app." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://www.redhat.com/themes/custom/rhdc/img/red-hat-social-share.jpg" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" /> <meta property="og:title" content="What is an application architecture?" /> <meta property="og:description" content="An application architecture describes the patterns and techniques used to design and build an application, so you end up with a well-structured app." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.redhat.com/themes/custom/rhdc/img/red-hat-social-share.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="An application architecture describes the patterns and techniques used to design and build an application, so you end up with a well-structured app." /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="What is an application architecture?" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.redhat.com/themes/custom/rhdc/img/red-hat-social-share.jpg" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />  <style>.dx-relative{position:relative !important;}@media (min-width:576px){.sm\:dx-relative{position:relative !important;}}@media (min-width:768px){.md\:dx-relative{position:relative !important;}}@media (min-width:992px){.lg\:dx-relative{position:relative !important;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.xl\:dx-relative{position:relative !important;}}@media (min-width:1440px){.\32xl\:dx-relative{position:relative !important;}}</style> <meta name="taxonomy-primary-topic" content="Application development and delivery" /> <meta name="taxonomy-primary-topic-tid" content="27031" /> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en" /> <meta name="last-publish-date" content="Mon, 09 Mar 2020 00:00:00 GMT" /> <meta name="node-type" content="page" /> <meta name="source" content="rhdc_drupal" /> <meta name="rhdc_key" content="793532e97741e588f2f96eeb7882c6a7" /> <meta name="taxonomy-challenge" content="Application platform" /> <meta name="taxonomy-challenge-tid" content="131" /> <meta name="taxonomy-region" content="Global" /> <meta name="taxonomy-region-tid" content="4521" /> <meta name="taxonomy-sub-type" content="Article" /> <meta name="taxonomy-sub-type-tid" content="27551" /> <meta name="taxonomy-topic" content="Application development and delivery" /> <meta name="taxonomy-topic-tid" content="27031" /> <meta name="dateline" content="2020-03-09T00:00:00.00Z" /> <meta name="source_title" content="What is an application architecture?" /> <script type="importmap">{"imports":{"@rhds/elements/":"/modules/contrib/red_hat_shared_libs/dist/rhds-elements/modules/"},"scopes":{}}</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://www.redhat.com/zh/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.redhat.com/fr/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://www.redhat.com/de/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://www.redhat.com/it/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://www.redhat.com/ja/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ko" href="https://www.redhat.com/ko/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt-br" href="https://www.redhat.com/pt-br/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://www.redhat.com/es/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" /> <script>performance.mark('HEAD End'); performance.measure('HEAD Time', 'HEAD Start', 'HEAD End');</script> </head> <body class="path-node rhdc-node-type-page page-node-400351" > <a href="#rhb-main-content" class="visually-hidden skip-link">Skip to content</a><nav id="universal-nav" class="unav" aria-labelledby="unav-label" data-analytics-region="universal-navigation"><h2 id="unav-label" class="unav__visually-hidden">Featured links</h2><div class="unav__wrapper"><ul class="unav__menu"><li><a href="https://access.redhat.com/" class="unav__link" data-analytics-text="Support" data-analytics-category="Featured Links" >Support</a></li><li><a href="https://docs.redhat.com/en" class="unav__link" data-analytics-text="Documentation" data-analytics-category="Featured Links" >Documentation</a></li><li><a href="https://cloud.redhat.com/" class="unav__link" data-analytics-text="Console" data-analytics-category="Featured Links" >Console</a></li><li><a href="https://developers.redhat.com/" class="unav__link" data-analytics-text="Developers" data-analytics-category="Featured Links" >Developers</a></li><li><a href="/en/products/trials" class="unav__link" data-analytics-text="Start a trial" data-analytics-category="Featured Links" >Start a trial</a></li><li><button class="unav__link" data-analytics-text="All Red Hat" data-analytics-category="Featured Links" aria-expanded="false" data-analytics-linktype="tab" > All Red Hat<svg class="unav__arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1024" height="1024" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M810.642 511.557c0 8.905-3.447 16.776-10.284 23.613L322.31 1013.216c-6.835 6.837-14.706 10.284-23.61 10.284s-16.776-3.447-23.613-10.284l-51.303-51.303c-6.837-6.837-10.284-14.707-10.284-23.612s3.447-16.775 10.284-23.61L626.972 511.5 223.784 108.31c-6.837-6.835-10.284-14.706-10.284-23.61s3.447-16.776 10.284-23.613l51.303-51.303C281.924 2.947 289.794-.5 298.7-.5s16.775 3.447 23.61 10.284L800.36 487.83c6.837 6.837 10.284 14.708 10.284 23.613v.114"/></svg></button><div class="unav__drop-down"><ul><li><span >For customers</span><ul><li><a href="https://access.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Customer support" >Customer support</a></li><li><a href="https://access.redhat.com/management" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Subscription management" >Subscription management</a></li><li><a href="https://access.redhat.com/support/cases" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Support cases" >Support cases</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog" >Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.redhat.com/partners" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Find a partner" >Find a partner</a></li></ul></li><li><span >For partners</span><ul><li><a href="https://connect.redhat.com/partner-admin/dashboard" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For partners" data-analytics-text="Partner portal" >Partner portal</a></li><li><a href="https://connect.redhat.com/en/support" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For partners" data-analytics-text="Partner support" >Partner support</a></li><li><a href="https://connect.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For partners" data-analytics-text="Become a partner " >Become a partner </a></li></ul></li><li><span >Try, buy, & sell</span><ul><li><a href="https://marketplace.redhat.com/en-us" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, & sell" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Marketplace" >Red Hat Marketplace</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/store" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, & sell" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Store" >Red Hat Store</a></li><li><a href="/en/contact" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, & sell" data-analytics-text="Contact sales" >Contact sales</a></li><li><a href="/en/products/trials" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, & sell" data-analytics-text="Start a trial" >Start a trial</a></li></ul></li><li><span >Learning resources</span><ul><li><a href="https://docs.redhat.com/en" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Documentation" >Documentation</a></li><li><a href="/en/services/training-and-certification" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Training and certification " >Training and certification </a></li><li><a href="https://cloud.redhat.com/learn" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Hybrid cloud learning hub" >Hybrid cloud learning hub</a></li><li><a href="/en/interactive-labs" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Interactive labs" >Interactive labs</a></li><li><a href="https://learn.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Learning community" >Learning community</a></li><li><a href="https://tv.redhat.com" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Red Hat TV" >Red Hat TV</a></li></ul></li><li><span >Open source communities</span><ul><li><a href="https://www.ansible.com/community" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Open source communities" data-analytics-text="Ansible" >Ansible</a></li><li><a href="https://access.redhat.com/accelerators" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Open source communities" data-analytics-text="Global advocacy" >Global advocacy</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/our-community-contributions" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Open source communities" data-analytics-text="How we contribute" >How we contribute</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></nav><pfe-navigation search-button-translation="Search" pfe-full-width pfe-sticky pfe-close-on-click="external" mobile-menu-translation=Menu id="pfe-navigation" data-analytics-region="mega menu" lang="en"><nav class="pfe-navigation" aria-label="Main Navigation" data-analytics-region="main nav"><div class="pfe-navigation__logo-wrapper" id="pfe-navigation__logo-wrapper"><a href="/en" class="pfe-navigation__logo-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 613 145" class="redhat-logo" style="margin:0; width: 135px; display:block" height="32" width="135" role="img"><title>Red Hat</title><path d="M127.47 83.49c12.51 0 30.61-2.58 30.61-17.46a14 14 0 0 0-.31-3.42l-7.45-32.36c-1.72-7.12-3.23-10.35-15.73-16.6C124.89 8.69 103.76.5 97.51.5 91.69.5 90 8 83.06 8c-6.68 0-11.64-5.6-17.89-5.6-6 0-9.91 4.09-12.93 12.5 0 0-8.41 23.72-9.49 27.16a6.43 6.43 0 0 0-.22 1.94c0 9.22 36.3 39.45 84.94 39.45M160 72.07c1.73 8.19 1.73 9.05 1.73 10.13 0 14-15.74 21.77-36.43 21.77-46.76.03-87.72-27.37-87.72-45.48a18.45 18.45 0 0 1 1.51-7.33C22.27 52 .5 55 .5 74.22c0 31.48 74.59 70.28 133.65 70.28 45.28 0 56.7-20.48 56.7-36.65 0-12.72-11-27.16-30.83-35.78" fill="#e00"/><path d="M160 72.07c1.73 8.19 1.73 9.05 1.73 10.13 0 14-15.74 21.77-36.43 21.77-46.76.03-87.72-27.37-87.72-45.48a18.45 18.45 0 0 1 1.51-7.33l3.66-9.06a6.43 6.43 0 0 0-.22 1.9c0 9.22 36.3 39.45 84.94 39.45 12.51 0 30.61-2.58 30.61-17.46a14 14 0 0 0-.31-3.42Z"/><path d="M579.74 92.8c0 11.89 7.15 17.67 20.19 17.67a52.11 52.11 0 0 0 11.89-1.68V95a24.84 24.84 0 0 1-7.68 1.16c-5.37 0-7.36-1.68-7.36-6.73V68.3h15.56V54.1h-15.56v-18l-17 3.68V54.1h-11.29v14.2h11.25Zm-53 .32c0-3.68 3.69-5.47 9.26-5.47a43.12 43.12 0 0 1 10.1 1.26v7.15a21.51 21.51 0 0 1-10.63 2.63c-5.46 0-8.73-2.1-8.73-5.57m5.2 17.56c6 0 10.84-1.26 15.36-4.31v3.37h16.82V74.08c0-13.56-9.14-21-24.39-21-8.52 0-16.94 2-26 6.1l6.1 12.52c6.52-2.74 12-4.42 16.83-4.42 7 0 10.62 2.73 10.62 8.31v2.73a49.53 49.53 0 0 0-12.62-1.58c-14.31 0-22.93 6-22.93 16.73 0 9.78 7.78 17.24 20.19 17.24m-92.44-.94h18.09V80.92h30.29v28.82H506V36.12h-18.07v28.29h-30.29V36.12h-18.09Zm-68.86-27.9c0-8 6.31-14.1 14.62-14.1A17.22 17.22 0 0 1 397 72.09v19.45A16.36 16.36 0 0 1 385.24 96c-8.2 0-14.62-6.1-14.62-14.09m26.61 27.87h16.83V32.44l-17 3.68v20.93a28.3 28.3 0 0 0-14.2-3.68c-16.19 0-28.92 12.51-28.92 28.5a28.25 28.25 0 0 0 28.4 28.6 25.12 25.12 0 0 0 14.93-4.83ZM320 67c5.36 0 9.88 3.47 11.67 8.83h-23.2C310.15 70.3 314.36 67 320 67m-28.67 15c0 16.2 13.25 28.82 30.28 28.82 9.36 0 16.2-2.53 23.25-8.42l-11.26-10c-2.63 2.74-6.52 4.21-11.14 4.21a14.39 14.39 0 0 1-13.68-8.83h39.65v-4.23c0-17.67-11.88-30.39-28.08-30.39a28.57 28.57 0 0 0-29 28.81M262 51.58c6 0 9.36 3.78 9.36 8.31S268 68.2 262 68.2h-17.89V51.58Zm-36 58.16h18.09V82.92h13.77l13.89 26.82H292l-16.2-29.45a22.27 22.27 0 0 0 13.88-20.72c0-13.25-10.41-23.45-26-23.45H226Z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a></div><pfe-navigation-main role="navigation" aria-label="Main"><ul><li><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/all-products" data-nav-trigger-id="products" data-analytics-text="Products" tabindex="-1">Products</a></div><div slot="tray" hidden><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column desktop-col-span-4 tablet-col-span-all"><slot name="custom-slot-products"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li><li><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/solutions" data-nav-trigger-id="solutions" data-analytics-text="Solutions" tabindex="-1">Solutions</a></div><div slot="tray" hidden><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column desktop-col-span-4 tablet-col-span-all"><slot name="custom-slot-solutions"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li><li><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/services" data-nav-trigger-id="training-services" data-analytics-text="Training & services" tabindex="-1">Training & services</a></div><div slot="tray" hidden><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column desktop-col-span-4 tablet-col-span-all"><slot name="custom-slot-training-services"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li><li><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/resources" data-nav-trigger-id="resources" data-analytics-text="Resources" tabindex="-1">Resources</a></div><div slot="tray" hidden><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column desktop-col-span-4 tablet-col-span-all"><slot name="custom-slot-resources"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li><li><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="" data-nav-trigger-id="partners" data-analytics-text="Partners" tabindex="-1">Partners</a></div><div slot="tray" hidden><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column desktop-col-span-4 tablet-col-span-all"><slot name="custom-slot-partners"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li><li><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about" data-nav-trigger-id="about" data-analytics-text="About" tabindex="-1">About</a></div><div slot="tray" hidden><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column desktop-col-span-4 tablet-col-span-all"><slot name="custom-slot-about"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li><li class="universal-nav-link hidden-at-desktop hidden-at-tablet" data-analytics-region="universal-navigation"><pfe-navigation-item><div slot="trigger"><a href="#" data-analytics-text="Explore more" >Explore more</a></div><div slot="tray"><div class="pfe-navigation-item__tray--container"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><slot name="custom-slot-explore-more"></slot></div></div></div></pfe-navigation-item></li></ul></pfe-navigation-main></nav><div slot="custom-slot-products" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header nolink"><h3 data-analytics-category="Products" data-analytics-text="Platform products" class="link-header nolink">Platform products</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Platform products" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Enterprise Linux" href="/en/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">A flexible, stable operating system to support hybrid cloud innovation. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Platform products" data-analytics-text="Red Hat OpenShift" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Red Hat OpenShift</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">A container platform to build, modernize, and deploy applications at scale. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Platform products" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform" href="/en/technologies/management/ansible" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">A foundation for implementing enterprise-wide automation. </span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Products" data-analytics-text="Try & buy" class="link-header nolink">Try & buy</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Try & buy" data-analytics-text="Start a trial" href="/en/products/trials" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Start a trial</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Assess a product with a no-cost trial. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Try & buy" data-analytics-text="Buy online" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/store" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Buy online</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Buy select products and services in the Red Hat Store. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Try & buy" data-analytics-text="Integrate with major cloud providers" href="/en/partners/certified-cloud-and-service-providers" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Integrate with major cloud providers</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Buy Red Hat solutions using committed spend from providers, including: <img src="https://www.redhat.com/rhdc/managed-files/cloud-providers-2x.png" alt="Cloud providers: Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud" ></span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column nav-card-lg"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Products" data-analytics-text="Featured" class="link-header nolink">Featured</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI" href="/en/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux/ai" > Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat OpenShift AI" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/openshift-ai" > Red Hat OpenShift AI </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/virtualization" > Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/aws" > Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Products|Featured" data-analytics-text="Microsoft Azure Red Hat OpenShift" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/azure" > Microsoft Azure Red Hat OpenShift </a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--footer"><div class="pfe-navigation--column "><pfe-cta pfe-priority="primary" class="PFElement" pfelement has_link><a href="/en/technologies/all-products" data-analytics-category="Products" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="See all products">See all products </a></pfe-cta></div></div></div><div slot="custom-slot-solutions" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="Application platform" href="/en/solutions/application-platform" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Application platform</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Simplify the way you build, deploy, manage, and secure apps across the hybrid cloud. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="Artificial intelligence" href="/en/solutions/ai" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Artificial intelligence</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Build, deploy, and monitor AI models and apps with Red Hat's open source platforms. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="Edge computing" href="/en/products/edge" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Edge computing</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Deploy workloads closer to the source with security-focused edge technology. </span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="IT automation" href="/en/solutions/it-automation" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">IT automation</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Unite disparate tech, teams, and environments with 1 comprehensive automation platform. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="Linux standardization" href="/en/solutions/linux-standardization" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Linux standardization</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Get consistency across operating environments with an open, flexible infrastructure. </span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="Security" href="/en/solutions/trusted-software-supply-chain" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Security</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Deliver software using trusted platforms and real-time security scanning and remediation. </span></a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-overview-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="Virtualization" href="/en/solutions/virtualization" ><span class="custom-nav-overview-title">Virtualization</span><span class="custom-nav-overview-body">Modernize operations using a single platform for virtualized and containerized workloads. </span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column nav-card"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header nolink"><h3 data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-text="By industry" class="link-header nolink">By industry</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Automotive" href="/en/solutions/automotive" > Automotive </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Financial services" href="/en/solutions/financial-services" > Financial services </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Healthcare" href="/en/solutions/healthcare" > Healthcare </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Industrial sector" href="/en/solutions/industrial-sector" > Industrial sector </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Media and entertainment" href="/en/solutions/media-entertainment" > Media and entertainment </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Public sector" href="/en/solutions/public-sector" > Public sector </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Solutions|By industry" data-analytics-text="Telecommunications" href="/en/solutions/telecommunications" > Telecommunications </a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--footer"><div class="pfe-navigation--column pfe-navigation--column-span-2"><pfe-cta pfe-priority="primary" class="PFElement" pfelement has_link><a href="/en/solutions" data-analytics-category="Solutions" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Explore solutions">Explore solutions </a></pfe-cta></div></div></div><div slot="custom-slot-training-services" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3><a href="/en/services" class="link-header" data-analytics-category="Training & services" data-analytics-text="Services" > Services </a></h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Services" data-analytics-text="Consulting" href="/en/services/consulting" > Consulting </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Services" data-analytics-text="Open Innovation Labs" href="/en/services/consulting/open-innovation-labs" > Open Innovation Labs </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Services" data-analytics-text="Technical Account Management" href="/en/services/support/technical-account-management" > Technical Account Management </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header zh-tw"><h3><a href="/en/services/training-and-certification" class="link-header" data-analytics-category="Training & services" data-analytics-text="Training & certification" > Training & certification </a></h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Training & certification" data-analytics-text="All courses and exams" href="/en/services/training/all-courses-exams" > All courses and exams </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Training & certification" data-analytics-text="All certifications" href="/en/services/certifications" > All certifications </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Training & certification" data-analytics-text="Verify a certification" href="https://www.redhat.com/rhtapps/services/verify/" > Verify a certification </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Training & certification" data-analytics-text="Skills assessment" href="https://skills.ole.redhat.com" > Skills assessment </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Training & certification" data-analytics-text="Learning subscription" href="/en/services/training/learning-subscription" > Learning subscription </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Training & certification" data-analytics-text="Learning community" href="https://learn.redhat.com/" > Learning community </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Training & certification" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Academy" href="/en/services/training/red-hat-academy" > Red Hat Academy </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Training & certification" data-analytics-text="FAQs" href="/en/services/training-and-certification/faq" > FAQs </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Training & certification" data-analytics-text="Connect with learning experts" href="/en/services/training-and-certification/contact-us" > Connect with learning experts </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Training & services" data-analytics-text="Featured" class="link-header nolink">Featured</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Featured" data-analytics-text="Ansible Basics: Automation Technical Overview (No cost)" href="/en/services/training/do007-ansible-essentials-simplicity-automation-technical-overview" > Ansible Basics: Automation Technical Overview (No cost) </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Featured" data-analytics-text="Containers, Kubernetes and Red Hat OpenShift Technical Overview (No cost)" href="/en/services/training/do080-deploying-containerized-applications-technical-overview" > Containers, Kubernetes and Red Hat OpenShift Technical Overview (No cost) </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Enterprise Linux Technical Overview (No cost)" href="/en/services/training/rh024-red-hat-linux-technical-overview" > Red Hat Enterprise Linux Technical Overview (No cost) </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Certified System Administrator exam" href="/en/services/training/ex200-red-hat-certified-system-administrator-rhcsa-exam" > Red Hat Certified System Administrator exam </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Training & services|Featured" data-analytics-text="Red Hat System Administration I" href="/en/services/training/rh124-red-hat-system-administration-i" > Red Hat System Administration I </a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--footer"><div class="pfe-navigation--column pfe-navigation--column-span-2 desktop-col-span-2"><pfe-cta pfe-priority="primary" class="PFElement" pfelement has_link><a href="/en/services" data-analytics-category="Training & services" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Explore services">Explore services </a></pfe-cta></div></div></div><div slot="custom-slot-resources" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Resources" data-analytics-text="Topics" class="link-header nolink">Topics</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="AI" href="/en/topics/ai" > AI </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Application modernization" href="/en/topics/application-modernization" > Application modernization </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Automation" href="/en/topics/automation" > Automation </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Cloud computing" href="/en/topics/cloud-computing" > Cloud computing </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Cloud-native applications" href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps" > Cloud-native applications </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Containers" href="/en/topics/containers" > Containers </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="DevOps" href="/en/topics/devops" > DevOps </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Edge computing" href="/en/topics/edge-computing" > Edge computing </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Linux" href="/en/topics/linux" > Linux </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="Virtualization" href="/en/topics/virtualization" > Virtualization </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Topics" data-analytics-text="See all topics" href="/en/topics" > See all topics </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Resources" data-analytics-text="Articles" class="link-header nolink">Articles</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Articles" data-analytics-text="What is InstructLab?" href="/en/topics/ai/what-is-instructlab" > What is InstructLab? </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Articles" data-analytics-text="What are cloud services?" href="/en/topics/cloud-computing/what-are-cloud-services" > What are cloud services? </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Articles" data-analytics-text="What is edge computing?" href="/en/topics/edge-computing/what-is-edge-computing" > What is edge computing? </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Articles" data-analytics-text="What is hybrid cloud?" href="/en/topics/cloud-computing/what-is-hybrid-cloud" > What is hybrid cloud? </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Articles" data-analytics-text="Why build a Red Hat cloud?" href="/en/topics/cloud-computing/why-choose-red-hat-cloud" > Why build a Red Hat cloud? </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Articles" data-analytics-text="Cloud vs. edge" href="/en/topics/cloud-computing/cloud-vs-edge" > Cloud vs. edge </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Articles" data-analytics-text="Red Hat OpenShift vs. Kubernetes" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/red-hat-openshift-kubernetes" > Red Hat OpenShift vs. Kubernetes </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Articles" data-analytics-text="Learning Ansible basics" href="/en/topics/automation/learning-ansible-tutorial" > Learning Ansible basics </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|Articles" data-analytics-text="What is Linux?" href="/en/topics/linux/what-is-linux" > What is Linux? </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Resources" data-analytics-text="More to explore" class="link-header nolink">More to explore</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Blog" href="/en/blog" > Blog </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Customer success stories" href="/en/success-stories" > Customer success stories </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Events and webinars" href="/en/events" > Events and webinars </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Newsroom" href="/en/about/newsroom" > Newsroom </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Podcasts and video series" href="/en/red-hat-original-series" > Podcasts and video series </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Documentation" href="https://docs.redhat.com/en" > Documentation </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Resource library" href="/en/resources" > Resource library </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Resources|More to explore" data-analytics-text="Training and certification" href="/en/services/training-and-certification" > Training and certification </a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--footer"><div class="pfe-navigation--column pfe-navigation--column-span-2"><pfe-cta pfe-priority="primary" class="PFElement" pfelement has_link><a href="/en/resources" data-analytics-category="Resources" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Explore resources">Explore resources </a></pfe-cta></div></div></div><div slot="custom-slot-partners" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Partners" data-analytics-text="For customers" class="link-header nolink">For customers</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For customers" data-analytics-text="Our partners" href="/en/partners" > Our partners </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For customers" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog" href="https://catalog.redhat.com/" > Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For customers" data-analytics-text="Find a partner" href="https://catalog.redhat.com/partners" > Find a partner </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="Partners" data-analytics-text="For partners" class="link-header nolink">For partners</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For partners" data-analytics-text="Partner Connect" href="https://connect.redhat.com" > Partner Connect </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For partners" data-analytics-text="Become a partner" href="https://connect.redhat.com/en/benefits-of-being-a-partner" > Become a partner </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For partners" data-analytics-text="Training" href="https://connect.redhat.com/en/training" > Training </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For partners" data-analytics-text="Support" href="https://connect.redhat.com/en/support" > Support </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="Partners|For partners" data-analytics-text="Access the partner portal" href="https://connect.redhat.com/partner-admin/dashboard" > Access the partner portal </a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div slot="custom-slot-about" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation-grid"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="About" data-analytics-text="About us" class="link-header nolink">About us</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|About us" data-analytics-text="Our company" href="/en/about/company" > Our company </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|About us" data-analytics-text="How we work" href="/en/about/our-culture" > How we work </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|About us" data-analytics-text="Our social impact" href="/en/about/community-social-responsibility" > Our social impact </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|About us" data-analytics-text="Development model" href="/en/about/development-model" > Development model </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|About us" data-analytics-text="Subscription model" href="/en/about/value-of-Red-Hat" > Subscription model </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|About us" data-analytics-text="Product support" href="/en/services/support" > Product support </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="About" data-analytics-text="Open source" class="link-header nolink">Open source</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Open source" data-analytics-text="Open source commitments" href="/en/about/open-source" > Open source commitments </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Open source" data-analytics-text="How we contribute" href="/en/about/our-community-contributions" > How we contribute </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Open source" data-analytics-text="Red Hat on GitHub" href="https://github.com/RedHatOfficial" > Red Hat on GitHub </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header "><h3 data-analytics-category="About" data-analytics-text="Company details" class="link-header nolink">Company details</h3></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Company details" data-analytics-text="Analyst relations" href="/en/about/analysts" > Analyst relations </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Company details" data-analytics-text="Blog" href="/en/blog" > Blog </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Company details" data-analytics-text="Locations" href="/en/about/office-locations" > Locations </a></li><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a class="custom-nav-link" data-analytics-category="About|Company details" data-analytics-text="Newsroom" href="/en/about/newsroom" > Newsroom </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"></div></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--footer"><div class="pfe-navigation--column tablet-col-span-all"><pfe-cta pfe-priority="primary" class="PFElement" pfelement has_link><a href="/en/about" data-analytics-category="About" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Explore Red Hat">Explore Red Hat </a></pfe-cta></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column tablet-col-span-all"><pfe-cta class="PFElement" pfelement has_link><a href="/en/contact" data-analytics-category="About" data-analytics-linkType="cta" data-analytics-text="Contact us">Contact us </a></pfe-cta></div></div></div><div slot="custom-slot-explore-more" class="custom-nav-slot"><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header"><span class="link-header nolink" >For customers</span></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://access.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Customer support" >Customer support</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://access.redhat.com/management" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Subscription management" >Subscription management</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://access.redhat.com/support/cases" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Support cases" >Support cases</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://catalog.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog" >Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://catalog.redhat.com/partners" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For customers" data-analytics-text="Find a partner" >Find a partner</a></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header"><span class="link-header nolink" >For partners</span></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://connect.redhat.com/partner-admin/dashboard" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For partners" data-analytics-text="Partner portal" >Partner portal</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://connect.redhat.com/en/support" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For partners" data-analytics-text="Partner support" >Partner support</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://connect.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|For partners" data-analytics-text="Become a partner " >Become a partner </a></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header"><span class="link-header nolink" >Try, buy, & sell</span></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://marketplace.redhat.com/en-us" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, & sell" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Marketplace" >Red Hat Marketplace</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/store" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, & sell" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Store" >Red Hat Store</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="/en/contact" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, & sell" data-analytics-text="Contact sales" >Contact sales</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="/en/products/trials" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Try, buy, & sell" data-analytics-text="Start a trial" >Start a trial</a></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header"><span class="link-header nolink" >Learning resources</span></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://docs.redhat.com/en" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Documentation" >Documentation</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="/en/services/training-and-certification" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Training and certification " >Training and certification </a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://cloud.redhat.com/learn" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Hybrid cloud learning hub" >Hybrid cloud learning hub</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="/en/interactive-labs" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Interactive labs" >Interactive labs</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://learn.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Learning community" >Learning community</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://tv.redhat.com" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Learning resources" data-analytics-text="Red Hat TV" >Red Hat TV</a></ul></div></div><div class="pfe-navigation--column"><div class="pfe-link-list"><div class="pfe-link-list--header"><span class="link-header nolink" >Open source communities</span></div><ul class="pfe-link-list--group"><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://www.ansible.com/community" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Open source communities" data-analytics-text="Ansible" >Ansible</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="https://access.redhat.com/accelerators" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Open source communities" data-analytics-text="Global advocacy" >Global advocacy</a><li class="pfe-link-list--group-item"><a href="/en/about/our-community-contributions" data-analytics-category="All Red Hat|Open source communities" data-analytics-text="How we contribute" >How we contribute</a></ul></div></div></div><div slot="secondary-links" class="for-you hidden-at-mobile"><button class="pfe-navigation__secondary-link" data-analytics-category="For you" data-analytics-text="For you"><pfe-icon icon="rh-icon-paper-lined" aria-hidden="true"></pfe-icon> For you <span class="newitem-dot visually-hidden"><span class="visually-hidden">New</span></span></button><pfe-navigation-dropdown dropdown-width="single"><h3 data-analytics-category="For you" data-analytics-text="Recommendations">Recommendations</h3><div class="at" id="for-you-mbox"><div class="one-column"><div class="dx-relative content-region"><p>As you browse redhat.com, we'll recommend resources you may like. For now, try these.</p><hr><ul><li><a href="/en/technologies/all-products" data-analytics-category="For you" data-analytics-level="3" data-analytics-text="All Red Hat products">All Red Hat products</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics" data-analytics-category="For you" data-analytics-level="3" data-analytics-text="Tech topics">Tech topics</a></li><li><a href="/en/resources" data-analytics-category="For you" data-analytics-level="3" data-analytics-text="Red Hat resources">Red Hat resources</a></li></ul></div></div></div><button class="for-you-close"><img src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/rh-iconfont/latest/svg/web-icon-close.svg" alt="close"></button></pfe-navigation-dropdown></div><script>window.appEventData=window.appEventData||[];window.appEventData.push({event:"Inline Mbox Rendered",targetInlineMbox:{latest_inline_mbox:{name:"for-you-mbox",selector:"#for-you-mbox"},},__adobe:{target:{"lang":document.documentElement.lang,"taxonomyTopic":window._rhTarget?.util?.arrayToString(pageData?.taxonomyTopic),"taxonomyProduct":window._rhTarget?.util?.arrayToString(pageData?.taxonomyProduct),"taxonomyPrimaryProduct":document.querySelector('meta[name="taxonomy-primary-product-tid"]')?.content||"","taxonomySubType":window._rhTarget?.util?.arrayToString(pageData?.taxonomySubType),"taxonomyChallenge":window._rhTarget?.util?.arrayToString(pageData?.taxonomyChallenge)}}})</script><div slot="secondary-links"><div class="hidden-at-desktop hidden-at-tablet buttons"><a href="https://access.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="More Red Hat" data-analytics-text="Support" class="" >Support</a><a href="https://docs.redhat.com/en" data-analytics-category="More Red Hat" data-analytics-text="Documentation" class="" >Documentation</a><a href="https://cloud.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="More Red Hat" data-analytics-text="Console" class="" >Console</a><a href="https://developers.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="More Red Hat" data-analytics-text="Developers" class="" >Developers</a><a href="/en/products/trials" data-analytics-category="More Red Hat" data-analytics-text="Start a trial" class="" >Start a trial</a><a href="/en/contact" data-analytics-category="More Red Hat" data-analytics-text="Contact" >Contact</a></div><div class="hidden-at-desktop hidden-at-tablet mobile-lang-select"><label for="lang_selection">Select a language</label><select id="lang_selection"><option value="/zh/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">简体中文</option><option value="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" selected>English</option><option value="/fr/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">Français</option><option value="/de/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">Deutsch</option><option value="/it/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">Italiano</option><option value="/ja/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">日本語</option><option value="/ko/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">한국어</option><option value="/pt-br/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">Português</option><option value="/es/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">Español</option></select></div><a href="/en/contact" data-analytics-text="contact" class="hidden-at-mobile"><pfe-icon icon="local-talk-bubble" pfe-size="md" aria-hidden="true"></pfe-icon> Contact us </a></div><div slot="secondary-links" id="utility-globe" class="hidden-at-mobile"><button class="pfe-navigation__secondary-link" data-analytics-text="English"><pfe-icon icon="web-globe" size="sm" aria-hidden="true"></pfe-icon> English </button><pfe-navigation-dropdown dropdown-width="full"><div class="pfe-navigation-item__tray--container"><div class="language-picker hidden-at-mobile"><h3 class="pfe-headline-2" data-analytics-category="English" data-analytics-text="Select a language">Select a language</h3><ul><li><a href="/zh/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Chinese">简体中文</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="en" hreflang="en" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="English">English</a></li><li><a href="/fr/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="French">Français</a></li><li><a href="/de/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="de" hreflang="de" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="German">Deutsch</a></li><li><a href="/it/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="it" hreflang="it" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Italian">Italiano</a></li><li><a href="/ja/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Japanese">日本語</a></li><li><a href="/ko/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Korean">한국어</a></li><li><a href="/pt-br/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Portuguese">Português</a></li><li><a href="/es/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="es" hreflang="es" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Spanish">Español</a></li></ul></div></div></pfe-navigation-dropdown></div><template><div class="hidden-at-desktop hidden-at-tablet mobile-lang-select"><label for="lang_selection" >Select a language</label><select id="lang_selection"><option value="/zh/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">简体中文</option><option value="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" selected>English</option><option value="/fr/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">Français</option><option value="/de/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">Deutsch</option><option value="/it/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">Italiano</option><option value="/ja/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">日本語</option><option value="/ko/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">한국어</option><option value="/pt-br/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">Português</option><option value="/es/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">Español</option></select></div></template><form slot="search" class="search-form rhb-search-tray--form" autocomplete="off" action="https://www.redhat.com/en/search/node" method="post" id="rhdc_search_form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-wrapper" id="edit-basic"><div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-search-field"><input maxlength="128" size="15" placeholder="What are you looking for?" type="text" data-drupal-selector="edit-search-field" id="edit-search-field" name="search_field" value="" class="form-text" aria-label="Search"></div><div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit rhb-search-tray--submit" data-analytics-linktype="cta" data-analytics-text="Search" data-analytics-category="Search"></div></div></div></form><rh-account-dropdown slot="account" lang="en" login-link="https://sso.redhat.com" ></rh-account-dropdown></pfe-navigation><nav class="pfe-nav-light-dom"><img src="/themes/custom/rh_base_ui/dist/img/talk-bubble.svg" alt="" style="display: none" /><img src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/rh-iconfont/4/svg/web-icon-globe.svg" alt="" style="display: none" /><img src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/rh-iconfont/4/svg/web-icon-user.svg" alt="" style="display: none" /><img src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/rh-iconfont/4/svg/web-icon-search.svg" alt="" style="display: none" /><div class="pfe-nav-light-dom__logo"><a href="/en" class="pfe-nav-light-dom__logo-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 613 145" class="redhat-logo" style="margin:0; width: 135px; display:block" height="32" width="135" role="img"><title>Red Hat</title><path d="M127.47 83.49c12.51 0 30.61-2.58 30.61-17.46a14 14 0 0 0-.31-3.42l-7.45-32.36c-1.72-7.12-3.23-10.35-15.73-16.6C124.89 8.69 103.76.5 97.51.5 91.69.5 90 8 83.06 8c-6.68 0-11.64-5.6-17.89-5.6-6 0-9.91 4.09-12.93 12.5 0 0-8.41 23.72-9.49 27.16a6.43 6.43 0 0 0-.22 1.94c0 9.22 36.3 39.45 84.94 39.45M160 72.07c1.73 8.19 1.73 9.05 1.73 10.13 0 14-15.74 21.77-36.43 21.77-46.76.03-87.72-27.37-87.72-45.48a18.45 18.45 0 0 1 1.51-7.33C22.27 52 .5 55 .5 74.22c0 31.48 74.59 70.28 133.65 70.28 45.28 0 56.7-20.48 56.7-36.65 0-12.72-11-27.16-30.83-35.78" fill="#e00"/><path d="M160 72.07c1.73 8.19 1.73 9.05 1.73 10.13 0 14-15.74 21.77-36.43 21.77-46.76.03-87.72-27.37-87.72-45.48a18.45 18.45 0 0 1 1.51-7.33l3.66-9.06a6.43 6.43 0 0 0-.22 1.9c0 9.22 36.3 39.45 84.94 39.45 12.51 0 30.61-2.58 30.61-17.46a14 14 0 0 0-.31-3.42Z"/><path d="M579.74 92.8c0 11.89 7.15 17.67 20.19 17.67a52.11 52.11 0 0 0 11.89-1.68V95a24.84 24.84 0 0 1-7.68 1.16c-5.37 0-7.36-1.68-7.36-6.73V68.3h15.56V54.1h-15.56v-18l-17 3.68V54.1h-11.29v14.2h11.25Zm-53 .32c0-3.68 3.69-5.47 9.26-5.47a43.12 43.12 0 0 1 10.1 1.26v7.15a21.51 21.51 0 0 1-10.63 2.63c-5.46 0-8.73-2.1-8.73-5.57m5.2 17.56c6 0 10.84-1.26 15.36-4.31v3.37h16.82V74.08c0-13.56-9.14-21-24.39-21-8.52 0-16.94 2-26 6.1l6.1 12.52c6.52-2.74 12-4.42 16.83-4.42 7 0 10.62 2.73 10.62 8.31v2.73a49.53 49.53 0 0 0-12.62-1.58c-14.31 0-22.93 6-22.93 16.73 0 9.78 7.78 17.24 20.19 17.24m-92.44-.94h18.09V80.92h30.29v28.82H506V36.12h-18.07v28.29h-30.29V36.12h-18.09Zm-68.86-27.9c0-8 6.31-14.1 14.62-14.1A17.22 17.22 0 0 1 397 72.09v19.45A16.36 16.36 0 0 1 385.24 96c-8.2 0-14.62-6.1-14.62-14.09m26.61 27.87h16.83V32.44l-17 3.68v20.93a28.3 28.3 0 0 0-14.2-3.68c-16.19 0-28.92 12.51-28.92 28.5a28.25 28.25 0 0 0 28.4 28.6 25.12 25.12 0 0 0 14.93-4.83ZM320 67c5.36 0 9.88 3.47 11.67 8.83h-23.2C310.15 70.3 314.36 67 320 67m-28.67 15c0 16.2 13.25 28.82 30.28 28.82 9.36 0 16.2-2.53 23.25-8.42l-11.26-10c-2.63 2.74-6.52 4.21-11.14 4.21a14.39 14.39 0 0 1-13.68-8.83h39.65v-4.23c0-17.67-11.88-30.39-28.08-30.39a28.57 28.57 0 0 0-29 28.81M262 51.58c6 0 9.36 3.78 9.36 8.31S268 68.2 262 68.2h-17.89V51.58Zm-36 58.16h18.09V82.92h13.77l13.89 26.82H292l-16.2-29.45a22.27 22.27 0 0 0 13.88-20.72c0-13.25-10.41-23.45-26-23.45H226Z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a></div><ul class="pfe-nav-light-dom__primary"><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/all-products">Products</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/solutions">Solutions</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/services">Training & services</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/resources">Resources</a></li><li><a href="">Partners</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about">About</a></li></ul><div class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary-link pfe-nav-light-dom__burger" href="#mobile-menu"><div class="pfe-nav-light-dom__burger-icon"></div><span class="pfe-nav-light-dom__mobile-text">Menu</span></a><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary-link display-at-desktop" href="/en/search"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 17 17" class="white-fill" width="18" height="18"><path d="M15.85 15.153l-5.13-5.13a5.51 5.51 0 1 0-.708.708l5.13 5.13a.507.507 0 0 0 .707 0 .5.5 0 0 0 0-.707zM6.5 11.007a4.5 4.5 0 1 1 4.5-4.5 4.505 4.505 0 0 1-4.5 4.5z"/></svg> Search </a><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary-link display-at-desktop"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 36 36" class="white-fill" width="28" height="28"><path d="M26.75 29V7a.75.75 0 0 0-.75-.73H14a.63.63 0 0 0-.19 0h-.07a.66.66 0 0 0-.22.15l-4 4a.86.86 0 0 0-.15.22.64.64 0 0 0 0 .07.58.58 0 0 0 0 .19V29a.76.76 0 0 0 .75.75H26a.76.76 0 0 0 .75-.75zM13.25 8.83v1.44h-1.44zm12 19.44h-14.5v-16.5H14a.76.76 0 0 0 .75-.75V7.77h10.5z"/><path d="M12.25 14a.76.76 0 0 0 .75.75h5a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-5a.75.75 0 0 0-.75.75zM12.25 17a.76.76 0 0 0 .75.75h10a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5H13a.75.75 0 0 0-.75.75zM23 19.27H13a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5h10a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5zM23 22.27H13a.75.75 0 1 0 0 1.5h10a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5z"/></svg> For you </a><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary-link display-at-desktop" href="/en/contact" data-analytics-text="contact"><svg viewBox="0 0 29 29" width="18" height="18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="10"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h29v29H0z"/><path d="M31.7 23.1H14.8c-.2 0-.4.1-.5.2l-5.2 5.2v-4.7c0-.2-.1-.4-.2-.5-.1-.1-.3-.2-.5-.2H4.3V6.5h27.4v16.6Z" fill="none" stroke="#fff" stroke-width="1.4" transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 -3.507 -.472)"/></svg> Contact us </a><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary-link display-at-desktop" href="#switch-language"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 17 17" class="white-fill" width="18" height="18"><path d="M8.5 1A7.5 7.5 0 1 0 16 8.5 7.508 7.508 0 0 0 8.5 1zm0 13.73a9.636 9.636 0 0 1-1.94-3.723h3.88A9.647 9.647 0 0 1 8.5 14.73zm-2.148-4.723a9.688 9.688 0 0 1 0-3.007h4.3a9.75 9.75 0 0 1 0 3.007zM2 8.5A6.45 6.45 0 0 1 2.182 7h3.153a10.74 10.74 0 0 0 0 3.007H2.182A6.515 6.515 0 0 1 2 8.5zM10.442 6H6.557A9.636 9.636 0 0 1 8.5 2.268 9.625 9.625 0 0 1 10.442 6zm1.222 1h3.154a6.268 6.268 0 0 1 0 3.007h-3.155a10.78 10.78 0 0 0 0-3.007zM14.5 6h-3.026a10.62 10.62 0 0 0-1.82-3.89A6.513 6.513 0 0 1 14.5 6zM7.34 2.11A10.61 10.61 0 0 0 5.525 6H2.5a6.52 6.52 0 0 1 4.84-3.89zM2.5 11.006h3.028a10.6 10.6 0 0 0 1.82 3.887A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 2.5 11.007zm7.153 3.884a10.6 10.6 0 0 0 1.82-3.883H14.5a6.518 6.518 0 0 1-4.847 3.884z"/></svg> English </a><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom__secondary-link" href="https://sso.redhat.com/auth/realms/redhat-external/protocol/saml/clients/legacy-idp-servlets"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 17 17" class="white-fill" width="18" height="18"><path d="M10.7 8.343a4 4 0 1 0-4.4 0A7.51 7.51 0 0 0 1 15.507a.5.5 0 1 0 1 0 6.5 6.5 0 1 1 13 0 .5.5 0 1 0 1 0 7.51 7.51 0 0 0-5.3-7.164zM5.5 5.007a3 3 0 1 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 1-3-3z"/></svg> Log in </a></div></nav><ul class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu" id="mobile-menu"><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/all-products">Products</a></li><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/solutions">Solutions</a></li><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/services">Training & services</a></li><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/resources">Resources</a></li><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="">Partners</a></li><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about">About</a></li><li class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__item"><a class="pfe-nav-light-dom-mobile-menu__link" href="/en/contact">Contact us</a></li></ul><div class="pfe-nav-light-dom-switcher" id="switch-language"><div class="language-picker hidden-at-mobile"><h3 class="pfe-headline-2" data-analytics-category="English" data-analytics-text="Select a language">Select a language</h3><ul><li><a href="/zh/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Chinese">简体中文</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="en" hreflang="en" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="English">English</a></li><li><a href="/fr/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="French">Français</a></li><li><a href="/de/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="de" hreflang="de" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="German">Deutsch</a></li><li><a href="/it/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="it" hreflang="it" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Italian">Italiano</a></li><li><a href="/ja/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Japanese">日本語</a></li><li><a href="/ko/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Korean">한국어</a></li><li><a href="/pt-br/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Portuguese">Português</a></li><li><a href="/es/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="es" hreflang="es" data-analytics-category="Language" data-analytics-text="Spanish">Español</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="rhb-region rhb-region--highlighted"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div></div> <div class="rhdc-header--background-image"></div> <div class="rhb-region rhb-region--content" id="rhb-main-content" role="main"> <article> <div> <div class="one-column"> <div class="dx-relative content-region">   <section class="rh-menu" aria-hidden data-rh-menu="dynamic" data-rh-collapse="full" data-rh-menu-id="rh-fsokk" data-rh-background="light-gray"> <div class="rh-menu-mobile" data-rh-hidden="sm md lg" > <div class="rh-menu-mobile-bar"> <div class="rh-menu-mobile-bar-top" data-rh-menu-context="top-mobile" data-rh-background="white" data-rh-layout="flex-right-end" data-rh-theme="light"> <span data-rh-toggle-open="click" data-rh-toggle-id="rh-fsokk" data-rh-state="closed" aria-expanded=false >  <ul class="rh-navigation-link--component" data-rh-nav-type="utility" ><li class="rh-navigation-link-container"><a class="rh-navigation-link-icon" data-rh-icon-type="web-icon-mobile-menu" ><span class="rh-navigation-link-label">Jump to section</span><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 17 17"><path d="M1.5 2.028a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1l14-.007a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1l-14 .008zM15.494 9.007H1.5a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1h14a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1zM15.494 16.007H1.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h14a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1z"/></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M30 16.67v-1.332c0-.363-.13-.675-.394-.938s-.575-.394-.938-.394h-10.67V3.356c0-.362-.13-.675-.393-.938s-.575-.394-.938-.394h-1.33c-.364 0-.676.13-.94.394s-.393.575-.393.938V14H3.33c-.363 0-.676.13-.94.394s-.393.575-.393.938v1.33c0 .364.13.676.394.94s.576.393.94.393h10.668V28.64c0 .362.13.674.394.937.262.262.575.394.938.394h1.33c.364 0 .676-.13.94-.393s.393-.575.393-.938V18h10.67c.362 0 .674-.13.937-.394.27-.262.4-.575.4-.938z"/></svg></a></li></ul> </span> </div> <nav class="rh-menu-mobile-dropdown" data-rh-menu-context="dropdown-mobile" id="rh-fsokk" data-rh-background="white" data-rh-theme="light" data-rh-state="closed" aria-expanded=false data-rh-toggle-target="xxs xs sm md lg" ></nav> </div> </div> <div class="rh-menu-desktop"data-rh-hidden="xxs xs"> <div class="rh-menu-desktop-container"> <div class="rh-secondary-nav-placeholder"data-rh-hidden="xxs xs">Jump to section</div> <nav class="rh-menu-main-nav" data-rh-theme="light" data-rh-menu-main-type="secondary" data-rh-dynamic> <div class="rh-menu-main-nav-links" data-rh-menu-context="main-links">  <ul class="rh-navigation-link--component" data-rh-nav-type="secondary-navigation-bar" aria-label="template" aria-hidden ><li class="rh-navigation-link-container" aria-template="true"><a class="rh-navigation-link-item" href="" title=""></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="one-column"> <div class="dx-relative content-region">  <div class="rh-band--layout rh-article-hero" data-rh-content=long-form-article id="article-hero" data-rh-band-collapse="reduced-bottom-only" data-rh-background="white"> <div class="rh-band-container"data-rh-layout="stacked" ><section class="rh-band-main" data-rh-layout="stacked" ><header class="rh-band-header" data-rh-layout="only8 center" data-rh-theme="">  <ul class="rh-navigation-link--component" data-rh-nav-type="breadcrumb" ><li class="rh-navigation-link-container"><a class="rh-navigation-link-item" href="/en/topics" title="hub | topics" > Topics </a></li><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" width="11" height="11" viewBox="0 -18 1024 1055"><path d="M810.642 511.557c0 8.905-3.447 16.776-10.284 23.613L322.31 1013.216c-6.835 6.837-14.706 10.284-23.61 10.284s-16.776-3.447-23.613-10.284l-51.303-51.303c-6.837-6.837-10.284-14.707-10.284-23.612s3.447-16.775 10.284-23.61L626.972 511.5 223.784 108.31c-6.837-6.835-10.284-14.706-10.284-23.61s3.447-16.776 10.284-23.613l51.303-51.303C281.924 2.947 289.794-.5 298.7-.5s16.775 3.447 23.61 10.284L800.36 487.83c6.837 6.837 10.284 14.708 10.284 23.613v.114" stroke-width="25" stroke="black"/></svg><li class="rh-navigation-link-container"><a class="rh-navigation-link-item" href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps" title="topic | Understanding cloud-native apps" > Understanding cloud-native applications </a></li><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" width="11" height="11" viewBox="0 -18 1024 1055"><path d="M810.642 511.557c0 8.905-3.447 16.776-10.284 23.613L322.31 1013.216c-6.835 6.837-14.706 10.284-23.61 10.284s-16.776-3.447-23.613-10.284l-51.303-51.303c-6.837-6.837-10.284-14.707-10.284-23.612s3.447-16.775 10.284-23.61L626.972 511.5 223.784 108.31c-6.837-6.835-10.284-14.706-10.284-23.61s3.447-16.776 10.284-23.613l51.303-51.303C281.924 2.947 289.794-.5 298.7-.5s16.775 3.447 23.61 10.284L800.36 487.83c6.837 6.837 10.284 14.708 10.284 23.613v.114" stroke-width="25" stroke="black"/></svg><li class="rh-navigation-link-container"> What is an application architecture? </li></ul>  <div class="rh-band-header--component" ><h1 class="rh-band-header-hero-headline" >What is an application architecture?</h1> </div>  <div class="rh-front-matter--component"><div class="rh-front-matter-wrapper" data-rh-layout="inline-horizontal"><div class="rh-front-matter-metadata"><span class="rh-front-matter-metadata-publish-date">Published March 9, 2020 </span><span class="rh-front-matter-metadata-separator">•</span><pfe-readtime class="rh-front-matter-metadata-readtime" for="article-contents" hidden data-rh-hidden="sm">%t-minute read</pfe-readtime></div><pfe-clipboard class="rh-front-matter-share" role="button" tabindex="0"><span slot="text">Copy URL</span></pfe-clipboard></div></div> </header></section></div> </div> <div class="rh-band--layout" data-rh-content='long-form-article'data-rh-band-collapse='top' data-rh-unique-id="1733891" data-rh-background="white"> <div class="rh-band-container"data-rh-layout="tall-stacked" ><section class="rh-band-main" data-rh-layout="tall-stacked" ><div class="rh-band-content" data-rh-layout="2 8 2" > <pfe-jump-links-nav id="article-nav" autobuild offset="120" sr-text="Jump to section" ></pfe-jump-links-nav>  <div class="rh-group--layout" id=article-contents data-rh-layout="tall-stacked" > <div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="tall-stacked" >  <pfe-jump-links-panel scrolltarget="article-nav" data-rh-layout=tall-stacked data-rh-layout="tall-stacked" >  <div class="rh-group--layout" data-rh-content-size=xl data-rh-layout="stacked" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" ><header class="rh-standard-header--component" ><div class="rh-standard-header-container"><h2 class="rh-standard-header-headline-medium pfe-jump-links-panel__section" id="overview" nav-label="Overview" >Overview</h2></div></header><div class="rh-generic--component" ><p>An application architecture describes the patterns and techniques used to design and build an application. The architecture gives you a roadmap and best practices to follow when building an application, so that you end up with a well-structured app.</p><p>Software design patterns can help you to build an application. A pattern describes a repeatable solution to a problem.</p><p>Patterns can be linked together to create more generic application architectures. Instead of completely creating the architecture yourself, you can use existing design patterns, which also ensure that things will work the way they’re supposed to.</p><p>As part of an application architecture, there will be both front-end and back-end services. Front-end development is concerned with the user experience of the app, while back-end development focuses on providing access to the data, services, and other existing systems that make the app work.</p><p>The architecture is a starting point or roadmap for building an application, but you’ll need to make implementation choices not captured in an architecture. For example, a first step is to choose a programming language in which to write the application.</p><p>There are many programming languages used for software development. Certain languages may be used to build certain types of applications, such as Swift for mobile apps or JavaScript for front-end development. </p><p>JavaScript used with HTML and CSS is currently 1 of the more popular programming languages for web application development. </p><p>Other popular programming languages include Ruby, Python, Swift, TypeScript, Java, PHP, and SQL, among others. The language used when building an application will depend on the type of application, available development resources, and the requirements. </p><p>Historically, applications were written as a single unit of code, where the components all share the same resources and memory space. This style of architecture is referred to as a monolith.</p><p>Modern application architectures are more often loosely coupled, using microservices and <a href="/en/topics/api/what-are-application-programming-interfaces">application programming interfaces (APIs)</a> to connect services, which provide the foundation for cloud-native applications. </p><p>Cloud-native development is a way to speed up how you build new applications, optimize existing ones, and provide a consistent development and automated management experience across private, public, and hybrid clouds.</p></div></div><div class="rh-group-footer" ><div class="rh-group--layout" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="buttons-flex-left-end" ><span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-cta-type="primary" ><a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps" title="topic | Understanding cloud-native apps" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Learn more about building cloud-native applications</a></span></div></div></div></div>  <div class="rh-group--layout" data-rh-content-size=xl data-rh-layout="stacked" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" ><header class="rh-standard-header--component" ><div class="rh-standard-header-container"><h2 class="rh-standard-header-headline-medium pfe-jump-links-panel__section" id="choosing-an-architecture" nav-label="Choosing an architecture" >Choosing an application architecture</h2></div></header><div class="rh-generic--component" ><p>When deciding which application architecture to use for a new application, or when evaluating your current architecture, start by determining your strategic goals.</p><p>Then you can design the architecture that supports your goals, instead of choosing an architecture first and trying to make an application fit within that structure. </p><p>Consider how frequently you want to release updates to meet customer or operational needs, as well as what functionality is required by either business objectives or development needs. </p><p>The ability to rapidly provide new services and new functionality to customers is one of the key competitive differentiators a company can offer. And faster development lets businesses release new features more often, and roll out updates as soon as a vulnerability is discovered.</p><p>There are many different types of application architectures, but the most prominent today, based on the relationships between the services are: monoliths and N-tier architecture (tightly coupled), microservices (decoupled), and event-driven architecture and service-oriented architecture (loosely coupled).</p></div></div></div>  <div class="rh-group--layout" data-rh-content-size=xl data-rh-layout="stacked" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" ><header class="rh-standard-header--component" ><div class="rh-standard-header-container"><h2 class="rh-standard-header-headline-medium pfe-jump-links-panel__section" id="layered-or-n-tier" nav-label="Layered or N-tier" >Layered or N-tier architecture</h2></div></header><div class="rh-generic--component" ><p>A layered or N-tier architecture is a traditional architecture often used to build on-premise and enterprise apps, and is frequently associated with legacy apps.</p><p>In a layered architecture, there are several layers or tiers, often 3, but there can be more, that make up the application, each with their own responsibility. </p><p>Layers help to manage dependencies and perform logical functions. In a layered architecture, the layers are arranged horizontally, so they are only able to call into a layer below. </p><p>A layer can either only call into the layer immediately below it, or it can call into any of the layers below it. </p></div></div></div>  <div class="rh-group--layout" data-rh-content-size=xl data-rh-layout="stacked" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" ><header class="rh-standard-header--component" ><div class="rh-standard-header-container"><h2 class="rh-standard-header-headline-medium pfe-jump-links-panel__section" id="monolithic-architecture" nav-label="Monolithic architecture" >Monolithic architecture</h2></div></header><div class="rh-generic--component" ><p>A monolith, another architecture type associated with legacy systems, is a single application stack that contains all functionality within that 1 application. This is tightly coupled, both in the interaction between the services and how they are developed and delivered. </p><p>Updating or scaling a single aspect of a monolithic application has implications for the entire application and its underlying infrastructure. </p><p>A single change to the application code requires the whole application to be re-released. Because of this, updates and new releases typically can only occur once or twice per year, and may only include general maintenance instead of new features. </p><p>In contrast, more modern architectures try to break out services by functionality or business capabilities to provide more agility.</p></div></div></div>  <div class="rh-group--layout" data-rh-content-size=xl data-rh-layout="stacked" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" ><header class="rh-standard-header--component" ><div class="rh-standard-header-container"><h2 class="rh-standard-header-headline-medium pfe-jump-links-panel__section" id="microservices-architecture" nav-label="Microservices architecture" >Microservices architecture</h2></div></header><div class="rh-generic--component" ><p><a href="/en/topics/microservices">Microservices</a> are both an architecture and an approach to writing software. With microservices, apps are broken down into their smallest components, independent from each other. Each of these components, or processes, is a microservice.</p><p>Microservices are distributed and loosely coupled, so they don’t impact one another. This has benefits for both dynamic scalability and fault tolerance: individual services can be scaled as needed without requiring heavy infrastructure or can failover without impacting other services.</p><p>The goal of using a microservices architecture is to deliver quality software faster. You can develop multiple microservices concurrently. And because services are deployed independently, you don’t have to rebuild or redeploy the entire app when changes are made. </p><p>This leads to more developers working on their individual services at the same time, instead of updating the whole application, resulting in less time spent in development and the ability to release new features more often.</p><p>Along with APIs and <a href="/en/topics/devops">DevOps</a> teams, containerized microservices are the foundation for cloud-native applications.</p></div></div><div class="rh-group-footer" ><div class="rh-group--layout" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" ><span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-cta-type="secondary" ><a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/microservices/what-are-microservices" title="article | what are microservices?" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Continue learning about microservices<span aria-hidden="true"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><title>Icon-Red_Hat-Directional-A-Black-RGB</title><path d="M29.74 17.95v-.1a.9.9 0 0 0-.03-.086c-.01-.025-.016-.05-.027-.075a.72.72 0 0 0-.148-.223l-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06 1.06l2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86H7a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h20.19l-2.22 2.223-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 1 0 1.06 1.06l3.5-3.5 3.5-3.5c.007-.007.01-.016.016-.023a.738.738 0 0 0 .147-.22l.005-.02a.76.76 0 0 0 .045-.236.23.23 0 0 0 .007-.03c0-.017-.008-.032-.01-.05z"/></svg></span></a></span></div></div></div></div>  <div class="rh-group--layout" data-rh-content-size=xl data-rh-layout="stacked" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" ><header class="rh-standard-header--component" ><div class="rh-standard-header-container"><h2 class="rh-standard-header-headline-medium pfe-jump-links-panel__section" id="event-driven-architecture" nav-label="Event-driven architecture" >Event-driven architecture</h2></div></header><div class="rh-generic--component" ><p>With an event-driven system, the capture, communication, processing, and persistence of events are the core structure of the solution. This differs from a traditional request-driven model.</p><p>An event is any significant occurrence or change in state for system hardware or software. The source of an event can be from internal or external inputs.</p><p><a href="/en/topics/integration/what-is-event-driven-architecture">Event-driven architecture</a> enables minimal coupling, which makes it a good option for modern, distributed application architectures.</p><p>Event-driven architecture is made up of event producers and event consumers. An event producer detects or senses an event and represents the event as a message. It does not know the consumer of the event, or the outcome of an event.</p><p>After an event has been detected, it is transmitted from the event producer to the event consumers through event channels, where an event processing platform processes the event asynchronously.</p><p>An event driven architecture may be based on either a pub/sub model or an event stream model.</p><p>The pub/sub model is based on subscriptions to an event stream. With this model, after an event occurs, or is published, it is sent to subscribers that need to be informed.</p><p>This differs from an event streaming model where event consumers don’t subscribe to an event stream. Instead, they can read from any part of the stream and can join the stream at any time.</p><p>Events are captured as they occur from event sources such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, applications, and networks, allowing event producers and event consumers to share status and response information in real time.</p></div></div><div class="rh-group-footer" ><div class="rh-group--layout" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" ><span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-cta-type="secondary" ><a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/integration/what-is-event-driven-architecture" title="article | what is event-driven architecture?" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Learn how event-driven architecture works<span aria-hidden="true"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><title>Icon-Red_Hat-Directional-A-Black-RGB</title><path d="M29.74 17.95v-.1a.9.9 0 0 0-.03-.086c-.01-.025-.016-.05-.027-.075a.72.72 0 0 0-.148-.223l-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06 1.06l2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86H7a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h20.19l-2.22 2.223-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 1 0 1.06 1.06l3.5-3.5 3.5-3.5c.007-.007.01-.016.016-.023a.738.738 0 0 0 .147-.22l.005-.02a.76.76 0 0 0 .045-.236.23.23 0 0 0 .007-.03c0-.017-.008-.032-.01-.05z"/></svg></span></a></span></div></div></div></div>  <div class="rh-group--layout" data-rh-content-size=xl data-rh-layout="stacked" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" ><header class="rh-standard-header--component" ><div class="rh-standard-header-container"><h2 class="rh-standard-header-headline-medium pfe-jump-links-panel__section" id="service-oriented-architecture" nav-label="Service-oriented architecture" >Service-oriented architecture</h2></div></header><div class="rh-generic--component" ><p>The service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a well-established style of software design, that is similar to the microservices architecture style. </p><p>SOA structures apps into discrete, reusable services that communicate through an enterprise service bus (ESB). </p><p>In this architecture, individual services, each organized around a specific business process, adhere to a communication protocol (like <a href="https://middlewareblog.redhat.com/2017/08/30/integrating-soap-based-web-services-into-red-hat-3scale-api-management/">SOAP</a>, ActiveMQ, or Apache Thrift) and expose themselves through the platform of an ESB. Taken together, this suite of services, integrated through an ESB is used by a front-end application to provide value to a business or customer.</p></div></div></div>  <div class="mboxDefault" data-rh-mbox="inline-promo"><div class="rh-card--layout rh-promo-article" mbox-applied data-rh-promo=inline data-rh-border-radius=none data-rh-background="gray" data-rh-theme="light" data-rh-bg-align="cover" data-rh-layout="fit-content-33" data-rh-border="top-bottom"><div class="rh-card-content" data-rh-layout="stacked" ><div class="rh-group--layout" data-rh-layout="stacked" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" ><div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left" ><p>There's a lot more to do with cloud-native apps.</p></div></div></div></div><footer class="rh-card-footer" ><div class="rh-group--layout" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" ><span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-cta-type="secondary" ><a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/try-it" title="product | try red hat openshift" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Try it<span aria-hidden="true"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><title>Icon-Red_Hat-Directional-A-Black-RGB</title><path d="M29.74 17.95v-.1a.9.9 0 0 0-.03-.086c-.01-.025-.016-.05-.027-.075a.72.72 0 0 0-.148-.223l-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06 1.06l2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86H7a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h20.19l-2.22 2.223-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 1 0 1.06 1.06l3.5-3.5 3.5-3.5c.007-.007.01-.016.016-.023a.738.738 0 0 0 .147-.22l.005-.02a.76.76 0 0 0 .045-.236.23.23 0 0 0 .007-.03c0-.017-.008-.032-.01-.05z"/></svg></span></a></span></div></div></footer></div></div> <script> window.appEventData = window.appEventData || []; window.appEventData.push({ event: "Inline Mbox Rendered", targetInlineMbox: { latest_inline_mbox: { name: "inline-promo-mbox", selector: "[data-rh-mbox='inline-promo']", }, }, __adobe: { target: { "lang": document.documentElement.lang, "taxonomyTopic": window._rhTarget?.util?.arrayToString(pageData?.taxonomyTopic), "taxonomyProduct": window._rhTarget?.util?.arrayToString(pageData?.taxonomyProduct), "taxonomyPrimaryProduct": document.querySelector('meta[name="taxonomy-primary-product-tid"]')?.content || '', "taxonomySubType": window._rhTarget?.util?.arrayToString(pageData?.taxonomySubType), "taxonomyChallenge": window._rhTarget?.util?.arrayToString(pageData?.taxonomyChallenge) } } }); </script>  <div class="rh-group--layout" data-rh-content-size=xl data-rh-layout="stacked" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" ><header class="rh-standard-header--component" ><div class="rh-standard-header-container"><h2 class="rh-standard-header-headline-medium pfe-jump-links-panel__section" id="how-red-hat-can-help" nav-label="How Red Hat can help" >How Red Hat can help with application development</h2></div></header><div class="rh-generic--component" ><p>Red Hat’s solutions help you improve business agility by breaking down your monolithic applications into microservices, managing them, orchestrating them, and handling the data they create to help your teams deliver quality solutions to your customers faster.  </p><p>As you create new business applications, you’re able to do it with the future in mind, building <a href="/en/topics/devops/what-is-agile-methodology">agile</a> and easily scalable <a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps">cloud-native apps</a>—and integrating them with the rest of your business—from the beginning.</p><p><a href="https://www.brighttalk.com/summit/4689-enhance-enterprise-kubernetes-with-a-data-platform/?utm_source=Red-Hat&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=RH-ISV-DTA-PLAT-2020">Watch this webinar series</a> to get expert perspectives on how to build, run, deploy, and modernize applications with an enterprise-grade data platform on Red Hat® OpenShift®.</p><p>There’s no need to totally overhaul your existing systems to get meaningful benefits. Through open source, open standards, and our years of experience, we can help you find a microservices-based solution that fits your organization.</p><p>Through our open source portfolio, including <a href="/en/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux">Red Hat® Enterprise Linux®</a>, <a href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift">Red Hat OpenShift</a>, and <a href="/en/products/application-foundations">Red Hat Application Services</a>, we think Red Hat is uniquely positioned to partner with companies who must change to compete in fast-paced, software-driven markets.</p></div></div><div class="rh-group-footer" ><div class="rh-group--layout" ><div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked" ><span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-cta-type="secondary" ><a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/why-choose-red-hat-cloud-native" title="article | why choose red hat for cloud-native development?" data-analytics-linkType="cta" >Explore cloud-native apps with Red Hat<span aria-hidden="true"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><title>Icon-Red_Hat-Directional-A-Black-RGB</title><path d="M29.74 17.95v-.1a.9.9 0 0 0-.03-.086c-.01-.025-.016-.05-.027-.075a.72.72 0 0 0-.148-.223l-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06 1.06l2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86H7a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h20.19l-2.22 2.223-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 1 0 1.06 1.06l3.5-3.5 3.5-3.5c.007-.007.01-.016.016-.023a.738.738 0 0 0 .147-.22l.005-.02a.76.76 0 0 0 .045-.236.23.23 0 0 0 .007-.03c0-.017-.008-.032-.01-.05z"/></svg></span></a></span></div></div></div></div> </pfe-jump-links-panel> </div> </div> </div><footer class="rh-band-footer" data-rh-layout="only8 flex center" >  </footer></section></div> </div>  <div class="rh-raw" data-rh-unique-id="7297421">  <div class="one-column"> <div class="dx-relative content-region">  <div class="rh-band--layout" id="keepReading" data-rh-unique-id="6473781" data-rh-background-align="center-center" data-rh-band-collapse="no-padding-top" data-rh-background="white"> <div class="rh-band-container" data-rh-layout="stacked"><section class="rh-band-main" data-rh-layout="stacked"><header class="rh-band-header" data-rh-layout="only8 center" data-rh-theme>  <div class="rh-band-header--component" data-rh-align="center"><h2 class="rh-band-header-subsection-headline">Keep reading</h2> </div> </header><div class="rh-band-content" data-rh-layout="4 4 4 flex center">  <div class="rh-card--layout " data-rh-background="white" data-rh-theme="light" data-rh-bg-align="cover" data-rh-layout="stacked" data-rh-justify="justify"><div class="rh-card-content" data-rh-layout="min-stacked">  <header class="rh-standard-header--component" data-rh-align="left"> <div class="rh-standard-header-container"> <p class="rh-standard-header-title-small"> Article </p> <h3 class="rh-standard-header-headline-small" id="rh-kwupr">Stateful vs stateless</h3> </div> </header>  <div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left"> <p>Whether something is stateful or stateless depends on how long the state of interaction with it is being recorded and how that information needs to be stored.</p> </div> </div> <footer class="rh-card-footer">  <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="left" data-rh-cta-type="secondary"> <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/stateful-vs-stateless" title="article | Stateful vs stateless" data-analytics-linktype="cta" aria-describedby="rh-kwupr">Read more<span aria-hidden="true"><svg data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><title>Icon-Red_Hat-Directional-A-Black-RGB</title><path d="M29.74 17.95v-.1a.9.9 0 0 0-.03-.086c-.01-.025-.016-.05-.027-.075a.72.72 0 0 0-.148-.223l-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06 1.06l2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86H7a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h20.19l-2.22 2.223-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 1 0 1.06 1.06l3.5-3.5 3.5-3.5c.007-.007.01-.016.016-.023a.738.738 0 0 0 .147-.22l.005-.02a.76.76 0 0 0 .045-.236.23.23 0 0 0 .007-.03c0-.017-.008-.032-.01-.05z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </footer> </div>   <div class="rh-card--layout " data-rh-background="white" data-rh-theme="light" data-rh-bg-align="cover" data-rh-layout="stacked" data-rh-justify="justify"><div class="rh-card-content" data-rh-layout="min-stacked">  <header class="rh-standard-header--component" data-rh-align="left"> <div class="rh-standard-header-container"> <p class="rh-standard-header-title-small"> Article </p> <h3 class="rh-standard-header-headline-small" id="rh-y7q3f">What is Quarkus?</h3> </div> </header>  <div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left"> <p>Quarkus is a Kubernetes-native Java stack made for Java virtual machines (JVMs) and native compilation, optimizing Java specifically for containers.</p> </div> </div> <footer class="rh-card-footer">  <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="left" data-rh-cta-type="secondary"> <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-quarkus" title="article | What is Quarkus?" data-analytics-linktype="cta" aria-describedby="rh-y7q3f">Read more<span aria-hidden="true"><svg data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><title>Icon-Red_Hat-Directional-A-Black-RGB</title><path d="M29.74 17.95v-.1a.9.9 0 0 0-.03-.086c-.01-.025-.016-.05-.027-.075a.72.72 0 0 0-.148-.223l-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06 1.06l2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86H7a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h20.19l-2.22 2.223-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 1 0 1.06 1.06l3.5-3.5 3.5-3.5c.007-.007.01-.016.016-.023a.738.738 0 0 0 .147-.22l.005-.02a.76.76 0 0 0 .045-.236.23.23 0 0 0 .007-.03c0-.017-.008-.032-.01-.05z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </footer> </div>   <div class="rh-card--layout " data-rh-background="white" data-rh-theme="light" data-rh-bg-align="cover" data-rh-layout="stacked" data-rh-justify="justify"><div class="rh-card-content" data-rh-layout="min-stacked">  <header class="rh-standard-header--component" data-rh-align="left"> <div class="rh-standard-header-container"> <p class="rh-standard-header-title-small"> Article </p> <h3 class="rh-standard-header-headline-small" id="rh-arqrf">What is serverless?</h3> </div> </header>  <div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left"> <p>Serverless is a cloud-native development model that allows developers to build and run applications without having to manage servers.</p> </div> </div> <footer class="rh-card-footer">  <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="left" data-rh-cta-type="secondary"> <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-serverless" title="article | what is serverless?" data-analytics-linktype="cta" aria-describedby="rh-arqrf">Read more<span aria-hidden="true"><svg data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><title>Icon-Red_Hat-Directional-A-Black-RGB</title><path d="M29.74 17.95v-.1a.9.9 0 0 0-.03-.086c-.01-.025-.016-.05-.027-.075a.72.72 0 0 0-.148-.223l-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06 1.06l2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86H7a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h20.19l-2.22 2.223-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 1 0 1.06 1.06l3.5-3.5 3.5-3.5c.007-.007.01-.016.016-.023a.738.738 0 0 0 .147-.22l.005-.02a.76.76 0 0 0 .045-.236.23.23 0 0 0 .007-.03c0-.017-.008-.032-.01-.05z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </footer> </div> </div></section></div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="one-column"> <div class="dx-relative content-region">  <div class="rh-band--layout" data-rh-background="gray"> <div class="rh-band-container" data-rh-layout="stacked"><section class="rh-band-main" data-rh-layout="stacked"><header class="rh-band-header" data-rh-layout="only8 center" data-rh-theme>  <div class="rh-band-header--component" data-rh-align="center"><h3 class="rh-band-header-headline">More about cloud-native applications</h3> </div> </header><div class="rh-band-content" data-rh-layout="stacked"> <pfe-content-set class="rh-content-set--layout" tab-history variant="wind" align="center">   <h4 pfe-content-set--header class="rh-content-set-group--header" id="products">Products</h4> <div pfe-content-set--panel class="rh-content-set-group--panel" data-rh-layout="6 6">   <div class="rh-card--layout " data-rh-background="white" data-rh-theme="light" data-rh-bg-align="cover" data-rh-layout="stacked" data-rh-justify="justify"><div class="rh-card-content" data-rh-layout="stacked">  <div class="rh-image-embed--component" data-rh-align="logo-short" data-rh-use-fallback> <div class="rh-image-embed-container"> <a class="rh-image-embed-link" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift" title="Red Hat OpenShift"> <div class="rh-image-embed-span" style="background-image: url('https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/brand-assets/2/products/red-hat-openshift.svg');"> <img class="rh-image-embed-img" src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/brand-assets/2/products/red-hat-openshift.svg" alt="Red Hat OpenShift" loading="lazy"> </div> </a> </div> </div>  <div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left"> <p>An enterprise application platform with a unified set of tested services for bringing apps to market on your choice of infrastructure.</p> </div> </div> <footer class="rh-card-footer">  <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="left" data-rh-cta-type="secondary"> <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift" title="product | red hat openshift" data-analytics-linktype="cta" aria-describedby="rh-1a8z8">Learn more<span aria-hidden="true"><svg data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><title>Icon-Red_Hat-Directional-A-Black-RGB</title><path d="M29.74 17.95v-.1a.9.9 0 0 0-.03-.086c-.01-.025-.016-.05-.027-.075a.72.72 0 0 0-.148-.223l-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06 1.06l2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86H7a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h20.19l-2.22 2.223-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 1 0 1.06 1.06l3.5-3.5 3.5-3.5c.007-.007.01-.016.016-.023a.738.738 0 0 0 .147-.22l.005-.02a.76.76 0 0 0 .045-.236.23.23 0 0 0 .007-.03c0-.017-.008-.032-.01-.05z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </footer> </div> </div>   <h4 pfe-content-set--header class="rh-content-set-group--header" id="related-articles">Related articles</h4> <div pfe-content-set--panel class="rh-content-set-group--panel" data-rh-layout="6 6">   <div class="rh-group--layout" data-rh-layout="stacked"> <div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked">  <div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left"> <ul class="rc-list--primary"><li><a href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/quarkus">Why develop Java apps with Quarkus on Red Hat OpenShift?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/containers/what-is-rkt">What is rkt?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/microservices/why-choose-openshift-serverless">What is Red Hat OpenShift Serverless?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps">Understanding cloud-native applications</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/introduction-to-kubernetes-patterns">Introduction to Kubernetes patterns</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/stateful-vs-stateless">Stateful vs stateless</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/vnf-and-cnf-whats-the-difference">VNF and CNF, what’s the difference?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-are-cloud-applications">What are cloud applications?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-a-container-registry">What is a container registry?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-a-Java-framework">What are Java frameworks?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/mobile">Understanding enterprise mobile app development</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="rh-group--layout" data-rh-layout="stacked"> <div class="rh-group-body" data-rh-layout="min-stacked">  <div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left"> <ul class="rc-list--primary"><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-a-Java-runtime-environment">What is a Java runtime environment (JRE)?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture">What is an application architecture?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-containerization">What is containerization?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-faas">What is Function-as-a-Service (FaaS)?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-quarkus">What is Quarkus?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-SDK">What is an SDK?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-serverless">What is serverless?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/security/what-is-soar">What is service-oriented architecture (SOA)?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/why-choose-red-hat-cloud-native">Why choose Red Hat for cloud-native development?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/why-choose-red-hat-quarkus">Why choose the Red Hat build of Quarkus?</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/application-modernization/what-is-java-application-modernization">What is Java application modernization?</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <h4 pfe-content-set--header class="rh-content-set-group--header" id="resources">Resources</h4> <div pfe-content-set--panel class="rh-content-set-group--panel" data-rh-layout="masonry">   <div class="rh-card--layout " data-rh-background="white" data-rh-theme="light" data-rh-bg-align="cover" data-rh-layout="stacked" data-rh-justify="justify"><div class="rh-card-content" data-rh-layout="min-stacked">  <header class="rh-standard-header--component" data-rh-align="left"> <div class="rh-standard-header-container"> <p class="rh-standard-header-title-small"> E-book </p> </div> </header>  <div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left"> <p>Cloud-native meets hybrid cloud: A strategy guide</p> </div> </div> <footer class="rh-card-footer">  <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="left" data-rh-cta-type="secondary"> <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/resources/cloud-native-meets-hybrid-cloud-strategy-guide-ebook" title="Cloud-native meets hybrid cloud: A strategy guide" data-analytics-linktype="cta" aria-describedby="rh-12u5m">Learn more<span aria-hidden="true"><svg data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><title>Icon-Red_Hat-Directional-A-Black-RGB</title><path d="M29.74 17.95v-.1a.9.9 0 0 0-.03-.086c-.01-.025-.016-.05-.027-.075a.72.72 0 0 0-.148-.223l-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06 1.06l2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86H7a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h20.19l-2.22 2.223-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 1 0 1.06 1.06l3.5-3.5 3.5-3.5c.007-.007.01-.016.016-.023a.738.738 0 0 0 .147-.22l.005-.02a.76.76 0 0 0 .045-.236.23.23 0 0 0 .007-.03c0-.017-.008-.032-.01-.05z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </footer> </div>   <div class="rh-card--layout " data-rh-background="white" data-rh-theme="light" data-rh-bg-align="cover" data-rh-layout="stacked" data-rh-justify="justify"><div class="rh-card-content" data-rh-layout="min-stacked">  <header class="rh-standard-header--component" data-rh-align="left"> <div class="rh-standard-header-container"> <p class="rh-standard-header-title-small"> Podcast </p> </div> </header>  <div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left"> <p>Command Line Heroes Season 9, Episode 8:<br>"All together now"</p> </div> </div> <footer class="rh-card-footer">  <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="left" data-rh-cta-type="secondary"> <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/command-line-heroes/season-9/all-together-now" title="Command Line Heroes: Season 9: Episode 8" data-analytics-linktype="cta" aria-describedby="rh-g8sdm">Listen Now<span aria-hidden="true"><svg data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><title>Icon-Red_Hat-Directional-A-Black-RGB</title><path d="M29.74 17.95v-.1a.9.9 0 0 0-.03-.086c-.01-.025-.016-.05-.027-.075a.72.72 0 0 0-.148-.223l-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06 1.06l2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86H7a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h20.19l-2.22 2.223-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 1 0 1.06 1.06l3.5-3.5 3.5-3.5c.007-.007.01-.016.016-.023a.738.738 0 0 0 .147-.22l.005-.02a.76.76 0 0 0 .045-.236.23.23 0 0 0 .007-.03c0-.017-.008-.032-.01-.05z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </footer> </div>   <div class="rh-card--layout " data-rh-background="white" data-rh-theme="light" data-rh-bg-align="cover" data-rh-layout="stacked" data-rh-justify="justify"><div class="rh-card-content" data-rh-layout="min-stacked">  <header class="rh-standard-header--component" data-rh-align="left"> <div class="rh-standard-header-container"> <p class="rh-standard-header-title-small"> E-Book </p> </div> </header>  <div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left"> <p>The path to cloud-native applications</p> </div> </div> <footer class="rh-card-footer">  <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="left" data-rh-cta-type="secondary"> <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/resources/path-to-cloud-native-applications-ebook" title="The path to cloud-native applications" data-analytics-linktype="cta" aria-describedby="rh-ggrvj">Learn more<span aria-hidden="true"><svg data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><title>Icon-Red_Hat-Directional-A-Black-RGB</title><path d="M29.74 17.95v-.1a.9.9 0 0 0-.03-.086c-.01-.025-.016-.05-.027-.075a.72.72 0 0 0-.148-.223l-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06 1.06l2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86H7a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h20.19l-2.22 2.223-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 1 0 1.06 1.06l3.5-3.5 3.5-3.5c.007-.007.01-.016.016-.023a.738.738 0 0 0 .147-.22l.005-.02a.76.76 0 0 0 .045-.236.23.23 0 0 0 .007-.03c0-.017-.008-.032-.01-.05z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </footer> </div>   <div class="rh-card--layout " data-rh-background="white" data-rh-theme="light" data-rh-bg-align="cover" data-rh-layout="stacked" data-rh-justify="justify"><div class="rh-card-content" data-rh-layout="min-stacked">  <header class="rh-standard-header--component" data-rh-align="left"> <div class="rh-standard-header-container"> <h3 class="rh-standard-header-headline-small" id="rh-j09mg">Keep exploring</h3> </div> </header>  <div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left"> <h3 class="pfe-text--md">SUCCESS STORY</h3><p><a href="/en/success-stories/kpmg" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="2ccb91eb-3b40-4d96-90f5-ed18b1b0cf8c" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="KPMG improves outcomes for state citizen services through a modern systems integration platform">KPMG improves outcomes for state citizen services through a modern systems integration platform</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <h4 pfe-content-set--header class="rh-content-set-group--header" id="training">Training</h4> <div pfe-content-set--panel class="rh-content-set-group--panel" data-rh-layout="6 6">   <div class="rh-card--layout " data-rh-background="white" data-rh-theme="light" data-rh-bg-align="cover" data-rh-layout="stacked" data-rh-justify="justify"><div class="rh-card-content" data-rh-layout="min-stacked">  <header class="rh-standard-header--component" data-rh-align="left"> <div class="rh-standard-header-container"> <p class="rh-standard-header-title-small"> Free training </p> </div> </header>  <div class="rh-generic--component" data-rh-align="left"> <h3>Developing Cloud-Native Applications with Microservices Architectures</h3> </div> </div> <footer class="rh-card-footer">  <span class="rh-cta--component" data-rh-align="left" data-rh-cta-type="secondary"> <a class="rh-cta-link" href="/en/services/training/do092-developing-cloud-native-applications-microservices-architectures" title="Developing Cloud-Native Applications with Microservices Architectures" data-analytics-linktype="cta" aria-describedby="rh-sooz4">Get started<span aria-hidden="true"><svg data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><title>Icon-Red_Hat-Directional-A-Black-RGB</title><path d="M29.74 17.95v-.1a.9.9 0 0 0-.03-.086c-.01-.025-.016-.05-.027-.075a.72.72 0 0 0-.148-.223l-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06 1.06l2.86 2.86 2.86 2.86H7a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h20.19l-2.22 2.223-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 1 0 1.06 1.06l3.5-3.5 3.5-3.5c.007-.007.01-.016.016-.023a.738.738 0 0 0 .147-.22l.005-.02a.76.76 0 0 0 .045-.236.23.23 0 0 0 .007-.03c0-.017-.008-.032-.01-.05z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </footer> </div> </div> </pfe-content-set> </div></section></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <rh-footer data-analytics-region="page-footer"><a slot="logo" href="/en" data-analytics-category="Footer" data-analytics-text="Logo"><img src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/brand-assets/2/corp/logo--on-dark.svg" alt="Red Hat logo" loading="lazy" width="135" height="32"/></a><rh-footer-social-link slot="social-links" icon="linkedin"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/red-hat" data-analytics-category="Footer|social-links" data-analytics-text="" data-analytics-region="social-links-exit" >LinkedIn</a></rh-footer-social-link><rh-footer-social-link slot="social-links" icon="youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/RedHatVideos" data-analytics-category="Footer|social-links" data-analytics-text="" data-analytics-region="social-links-exit" >YouTube</a></rh-footer-social-link><rh-footer-social-link slot="social-links" icon="facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/redhatinc" data-analytics-category="Footer|social-links" data-analytics-text="" data-analytics-region="social-links-exit" >Facebook</a></rh-footer-social-link><rh-footer-social-link slot="social-links" icon="x"><a href="https://twitter.com/RedHat" data-analytics-category="Footer|social-links" data-analytics-text="X" data-analytics-region="social-links-exit" >X</a></rh-footer-social-link><h3 slot="links" data-analytics-text="Products" >Products</h3><ul slot="links"><li><a href="/en/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux" data-analytics-category="Footer|Products" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Enterprise Linux" >Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a></li><li><a href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift" data-analytics-category="Footer|Products" data-analytics-text="Red Hat OpenShift" >Red Hat OpenShift</a></li><li><a href="/en/technologies/management/ansible" data-analytics-category="Footer|Products" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform" >Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform</a></li><li><a href="/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/cloud-services" data-analytics-category="Footer|Products" data-analytics-text="Cloud services" >Cloud services</a></li><li><a href="/en/technologies/all-products" data-analytics-category="Footer|Products" data-analytics-text="See all products" >See all products</a></li></ul><h3 slot="links" data-analytics-text="Tools" >Tools</h3><ul slot="links"><li><a href="/en/services/training-and-certification" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Training and certification" >Training and certification</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/wapps/ugc/protected/personalInfo.html" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="My account" >My account</a></li><li><a href="https://access.redhat.com" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Customer support" >Customer support</a></li><li><a href="https://developers.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Developer resources" >Developer resources</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.redhat.com/partners" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Find a partner" >Find a partner</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog" >Red Hat Ecosystem Catalog</a></li><li><a href="/en/solutions/value-calculator" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Red Hat value calculator" >Red Hat value calculator</a></li><li><a href="https://docs.redhat.com/en" data-analytics-category="Footer|Tools" data-analytics-text="Documentation" >Documentation</a></li></ul><h3 slot="links" data-analytics-text="Try buy & sell" >Try, buy, & sell</h3><ul slot="links"><li><a href="/en/products/trials" data-analytics-category="Footer|Try buy & sell" data-analytics-text="Product trial center" >Product trial center</a></li><li><a href="https://marketplace.redhat.com" data-analytics-category="Footer|Try buy & sell" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Marketplace" >Red Hat Marketplace</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/store" data-analytics-category="Footer|Try buy & sell" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Store" >Red Hat Store</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/about/japan-buy" data-analytics-category="Footer|Try buy & sell" data-analytics-text="Buy online (Japan)" >Buy online (Japan)</a></li><li><a href="https://cloud.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="Footer|Try buy & sell" data-analytics-text="Console" >Console</a></li></ul><h3 slot="links" data-analytics-text="Communicate" >Communicate</h3><ul slot="links"><li><a href="/en/contact/sales" data-analytics-category="Footer|Communicate" data-analytics-text="Contact sales" >Contact sales</a></li><li><a href="/en/contact/customer-service" data-analytics-category="Footer|Communicate" data-analytics-text="Contact customer service" >Contact customer service</a></li><li><a href="/en/services/training-and-certification/contact-us" data-analytics-category="Footer|Communicate" data-analytics-text="Contact training" >Contact training</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/social" data-analytics-category="Footer|Communicate" data-analytics-text="Social" >Social</a></li></ul><rh-footer-block slot="main-secondary"><h3 slot="header" data-analytics-text="About Red Hat">About Red Hat</h3><p>We’re the world’s leading provider of enterprise open source solutions—including Linux, cloud, container, and Kubernetes. We deliver hardened solutions that make it easier for enterprises to work across platforms and environments, from the core datacenter to the network edge.</p></rh-footer-block><rh-footer-block slot="main-secondary"><h3 slot="header">Select a language</h3><button id="footer-language-toggle"><img src="https://static.redhat.com/libs/redhat/rh-iconfont/4/svg/web-icon-globe.svg" width="21" height="21" alt=""/>English<span class="down"></span></button><div id="footer-language-picker"><ul><li><a href="/zh/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="Chinese" >简体中文</a></li><li><a href="/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="en" hreflang="en" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="English" >English</a></li><li><a href="/fr/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="French" >Français</a></li><li><a href="/de/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="de" hreflang="de" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="German" >Deutsch</a></li><li><a href="/it/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="it" hreflang="it" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="Italian" >Italiano</a></li><li><a href="/ja/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="Japanese" >日本語</a></li><li><a href="/ko/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="Korean" >한국어</a></li><li><a href="/pt-br/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="Portuguese" >Português</a></li><li><a href="/es/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-an-application-architecture" class="language-link" xml:lang="es" hreflang="es" data-analytics-category="Footer|Language" data-analytics-text="Spanish" >Español</a></li></ul></div></rh-footer-block><rh-footer-universal slot="universal"><h3 slot="links-primary" hidden data-analytics-text="Red Hat legal and privacy links" >Red Hat legal and privacy links</h3><ul slot="links-primary" data-analytics-region="page-footer-bottom-primary"><li><a href="/en/about/company" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="About Red Hat" >About Red Hat</a></li><li><a href="/en/jobs" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Jobs" >Jobs</a></li><li><a href="/en/events" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Events" >Events</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/office-locations" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Locations" >Locations</a></li><li><a href="/en/contact" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Contact Red Hat" >Contact Red Hat</a></li><li><a href="/en/blog" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Blog" >Red Hat Blog</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/our-culture/diversity-equity-inclusion" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="" >Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a></li><li><a href="https://coolstuff.redhat.com/" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Cool Stuff Store" >Cool Stuff Store</a></li><li><a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/summit" data-analytics-category="Footer|Corporate" data-analytics-text="Red Hat Summit" >Red Hat Summit</a></li></ul><rh-footer-copyright slot="links-secondary">© 2024 Red Hat, Inc.</rh-footer-copyright><h3 slot="links-secondary" hidden data-analytics-text="Red Hat legal and privacy links" >Red Hat legal and privacy links</h3><ul slot="links-secondary" data-analytics-region="page-footer-bottom-secondary"><li><a href="/en/about/privacy-policy" data-analytics-category="Footer|Red Hat legal and privacy links" data-analytics-text="Privacy statement" >Privacy statement</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/terms-use" data-analytics-category="Footer|Red Hat legal and privacy links" data-analytics-text="Terms of use" >Terms of use</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/all-policies-guidelines" data-analytics-category="Footer|Red Hat legal and privacy links" data-analytics-text="All policies and guidelines" >All policies and guidelines</a></li><li><a href="/en/about/digital-accessibility" data-analytics-category="Footer|Red Hat legal and privacy links" data-analytics-text="Digital accessibility" >Digital accessibility</a></li><li><span id="teconsent"></span></li></ul></rh-footer-universal></rh-footer> <div id="consent_blackbar" style="position: fixed;bottom: 0;width: 100%;z-index: 5;padding: 10px;"></div> <script>if (("undefined" !== typeof _satellite) && ("function" === typeof _satellite.pageBottom)) {_satellite.pageBottom();}</script> <script src="https://js.sentry-cdn.com/676ea2c2d4a147c2834066d24c04a9e4.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="/rhdc/system-files/js/js_xSLLd40Y1Q9i4yTQ4Kpc-DI-7Kyp-jkeyhR_ckBIlsU.js?scope=footer&delta=1&language=en&theme=rhdc&include=eJyNUkFy5CAM_JAZPyI5pnLbMyWDxpBgRAl5Uv595AHPenYPyQmkFq0Wag7eWciQNomujvwUWvQ-2YlEaBk4WIqKLgrPyKNjBMGWcyliloF_JqtR31QEduE35chMPNStCi7jBBV3Gftp1zjOiSZIL4FpweELJw5juaLJcIszSKR873DnNa32v4SpjmORegIqikmQZ-OIPiOekCuRIJs1xxtyfWJr0L8TCa9VdNSLo1z1gy797y5Q4pBgo1Wsj9WR8m0jZXSUBq2LsllcJvSjg3IfpE3nBPptxowcXY-0SfbA3gYErzJ6tWb6dVL8GdwzBxfTWvo9Lqqv9T5YKItK0p3Jad4CovPma9pMlS1h7dUf61JsivmzWl1DT15ZOdQ3-5OeUrCV9XjBvB7D6C_s02w7g-76rNg2rX91eCyMTn3oz8ZQF7zD7S3OQV6bcw_ksbv3hzoOBpyjNYvxTMXTVz6_YPQB5E89trsrbVZ9uPjc90VXdEc_ajNv9_Uj_AYvCFXC"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/webrh/@cpelements/pfe-navigation/dist/pfe-navigation.min.js" type="module"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/rhdc/js/rhdc-set-lang-cookie.js?sn7yne" async></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/red_hat_shared_libs/dist/js/lazy-load-esmodule.js?v=2.0.7" type="module"></script> <script src="/rhdc/system-files/js/js__0iBQSIE2b0hhfx1sf_NeRjOBNBBpbiPK5oNx9my-X0.js?scope=footer&delta=5&language=en&theme=rhdc&include=eJyNUkFy5CAM_JAZPyI5pnLbMyWDxpBgRAl5Uv595AHPenYPyQmkFq0Wag7eWciQNomujvwUWvQ-2YlEaBk4WIqKLgrPyKNjBMGWcyliloF_JqtR31QEduE35chMPNStCi7jBBV3Gftp1zjOiSZIL4FpweELJw5juaLJcIszSKR873DnNa32v4SpjmORegIqikmQZ-OIPiOekCuRIJs1xxtyfWJr0L8TCa9VdNSLo1z1gy797y5Q4pBgo1Wsj9WR8m0jZXSUBq2LsllcJvSjg3IfpE3nBPptxowcXY-0SfbA3gYErzJ6tWb6dVL8GdwzBxfTWvo9Lqqv9T5YKItK0p3Jad4CovPma9pMlS1h7dUf61JsivmzWl1DT15ZOdQ3-5OeUrCV9XjBvB7D6C_s02w7g-76rNg2rX91eCyMTn3oz8ZQF7zD7S3OQV6bcw_ksbv3hzoOBpyjNYvxTMXTVz6_YPQB5E89trsrbVZ9uPjc90VXdEc_ajNv9_Uj_AYvCFXC"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/webrh/@patternfly/pfe-content-set/dist/pfe-content-set.min.js" type="module"></script> <script src="/rhdc/system-files/js/js_ct6A90Nh3WmRz033qVTrxwe_uLXYPMq-uLp9gu4YWwI.js?scope=footer&delta=7&language=en&theme=rhdc&include=eJyNUkFy5CAM_JAZPyI5pnLbMyWDxpBgRAl5Uv595AHPenYPyQmkFq0Wag7eWciQNomujvwUWvQ-2YlEaBk4WIqKLgrPyKNjBMGWcyliloF_JqtR31QEduE35chMPNStCi7jBBV3Gftp1zjOiSZIL4FpweELJw5juaLJcIszSKR873DnNa32v4SpjmORegIqikmQZ-OIPiOekCuRIJs1xxtyfWJr0L8TCa9VdNSLo1z1gy797y5Q4pBgo1Wsj9WR8m0jZXSUBq2LsllcJvSjg3IfpE3nBPptxowcXY-0SfbA3gYErzJ6tWb6dVL8GdwzBxfTWvo9Lqqv9T5YKItK0p3Jad4CovPma9pMlS1h7dUf61JsivmzWl1DT15ZOdQ3-5OeUrCV9XjBvB7D6C_s02w7g-76rNg2rX91eCyMTn3oz8ZQF7zD7S3OQV6bcw_ksbv3hzoOBpyjNYvxTMXTVz6_YPQB5E89trsrbVZ9uPjc90VXdEc_ajNv9_Uj_AYvCFXC"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/webrh/@patternfly/pfe-jump-links/dist/pfe-jump-links.min.js" type="module"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/webrh/@patternfly/pfe-clipboard/dist/pfe-clipboard.min.js" type="module"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/webrh/@patternfly/pfe-readtime/dist/pfe-readtime.min.js" type="module"></script> <script src="/rhdc/system-files/js/js_LKrci8uF0R7IN30PFj2LMSdAuDP-HbmYZhnUmw62fdg.js?scope=footer&delta=11&language=en&theme=rhdc&include=eJyNUkFy5CAM_JAZPyI5pnLbMyWDxpBgRAl5Uv595AHPenYPyQmkFq0Wag7eWciQNomujvwUWvQ-2YlEaBk4WIqKLgrPyKNjBMGWcyliloF_JqtR31QEduE35chMPNStCi7jBBV3Gftp1zjOiSZIL4FpweELJw5juaLJcIszSKR873DnNa32v4SpjmORegIqikmQZ-OIPiOekCuRIJs1xxtyfWJr0L8TCa9VdNSLo1z1gy797y5Q4pBgo1Wsj9WR8m0jZXSUBq2LsllcJvSjg3IfpE3nBPptxowcXY-0SfbA3gYErzJ6tWb6dVL8GdwzBxfTWvo9Lqqv9T5YKItK0p3Jad4CovPma9pMlS1h7dUf61JsivmzWl1DT15ZOdQ3-5OeUrCV9XjBvB7D6C_s02w7g-76rNg2rX91eCyMTn3oz8ZQF7zD7S3OQV6bcw_ksbv3hzoOBpyjNYvxTMXTVz6_YPQB5E89trsrbVZ9uPjc90VXdEc_ajNv9_Uj_AYvCFXC"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/webrh/@cpelements/rh-account-dropdown/dist/rh-account-dropdown.min.js" type="module"></script> <script src="/rhdc/system-files/js/js_y1DIr9x6V3LsXcKDqAxE9_8vEqCQ8xtK8Yz9TsnKhvY.js?scope=footer&delta=13&language=en&theme=rhdc&include=eJyNUkFy5CAM_JAZPyI5pnLbMyWDxpBgRAl5Uv595AHPenYPyQmkFq0Wag7eWciQNomujvwUWvQ-2YlEaBk4WIqKLgrPyKNjBMGWcyliloF_JqtR31QEduE35chMPNStCi7jBBV3Gftp1zjOiSZIL4FpweELJw5juaLJcIszSKR873DnNa32v4SpjmORegIqikmQZ-OIPiOekCuRIJs1xxtyfWJr0L8TCa9VdNSLo1z1gy797y5Q4pBgo1Wsj9WR8m0jZXSUBq2LsllcJvSjg3IfpE3nBPptxowcXY-0SfbA3gYErzJ6tWb6dVL8GdwzBxfTWvo9Lqqv9T5YKItK0p3Jad4CovPma9pMlS1h7dUf61JsivmzWl1DT15ZOdQ3-5OeUrCV9XjBvB7D6C_s02w7g-76rNg2rX91eCyMTn3oz8ZQF7zD7S3OQV6bcw_ksbv3hzoOBpyjNYvxTMXTVz6_YPQB5E89trsrbVZ9uPjc90VXdEc_ajNv9_Uj_AYvCFXC"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/rh_base_ui/../../../modules/contrib/webrh/@patternfly/pfe-cta/dist/pfe-cta.min.js" type="module"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

What is an application architecture?