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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ancient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Central America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Construction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Construction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Range" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Range"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Range</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Range-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resonators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resonators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Resonators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resonators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mallets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mallets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Mallets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mallets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mallet_technique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mallet_technique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mallet technique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mallet_technique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repertoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repertoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Repertoire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Repertoire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Repertoire subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Repertoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orchestra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Orchestra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concertos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concertos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Concertos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concertos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Solos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Popular music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marimba</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="ماريمبا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماريمبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Маримба – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Маримба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimbafon" title="Marimbafon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Marimbafon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Μαρίμπα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρίμπα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimbo" title="Marimbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Marimbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinba" title="Marinba – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Marinba" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="ماریمبا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماریمبا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mairimbe" title="Mairimbe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mairimbe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%BC%EB%B0%94" title="마림바 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마림바" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%94" title="מרימבה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרימבה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Маримба – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Маримба" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Маримба – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Маримба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="ماريمبا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماريمبا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90" title="マリンバ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マリンバ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimbafon" title="Marimbafon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marimbafon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Маримба – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маримба" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Маримба – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Маримба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marimba" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimbas&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Marimbas">Marimbas</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wooden keyboard percussion instrument</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the struck percussion instrument. For the plucked percussion instrument, see <a href="/wiki/Marimba_(lamellophone)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marimba (lamellophone)">Marimba (lamellophone)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Marimba_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Marimba (disambiguation)">Marimba (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Marimba" title="Special:EditPage/Marimba">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Marimba%22">"Marimba"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Marimba%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Marimba%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Marimba%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Marimba%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Marimba%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Marimba</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marimba_One_4000_Series.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Marimba_One_4000_Series.jpg/250px-Marimba_One_4000_Series.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Marimba_One_4000_Series.jpg/375px-Marimba_One_4000_Series.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Marimba_One_4000_Series.jpg/500px-Marimba_One_4000_Series.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1510" data-file-height="763" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A 5-octave marimba made by Marimba One</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #d8bfd8"><a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">Percussion instrument</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument_classification" title="Musical instrument classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> Keyboard percussion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs" title="Hornbostel–Sachs">Hornbostel–Sachs classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">111.212<br />(Set of percussion sticks)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Angola, 16th century</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #d8bfd8"><a href="/wiki/Range_(music)" title="Range (music)">Playing range</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marimba_range.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Marimba_range.svg/300px-Marimba_range.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Marimba_range.svg/450px-Marimba_range.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Marimba_range.svg/600px-Marimba_range.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="162" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #d8bfd8"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marimbaphone" title="Marimbaphone">Marimbaphone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">xylophone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xylorimba" title="Xylorimba">xylorimba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Flapamba" title="Flapamba">flapamba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon">balafon</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #d8bfd8">Musicians</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> See <a href="/wiki/List_of_marimbists" title="List of marimbists">list of marimbists</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #d8bfd8">Builders</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> See <a href="/wiki/List_of_marimba_manufacturers" title="List of marimba manufacturers">list of marimba manufacturers</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Attraction_Marimba.ogg" title="File:Attraction Marimba.ogg">Marimba sound</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="15" data-mwtitle="Attraction_Marimba.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Attraction_Marimba.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Attraction_Marimba.ogg/Attraction_Marimba.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Marimba sound in "<a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9#Works" title="Emmanuel Séjourné">Attraction</a>".</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>The <b>marimba</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">mə-<span style="font-size:90%">RIM</span>-bə</i></a>) is a musical instrument in the <a href="/wiki/Percussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion">percussion</a> family that consists of wooden bars that are struck by <a href="/wiki/Mallet" title="Mallet">mallets</a>. Below each bar is a resonator pipe that amplifies particular harmonics of its sound. Compared to the <a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">xylophone</a>, the marimba has a lower range. Typically, the bars of a marimba are arranged chromatically, like the keys of a piano. The marimba is a type of <a href="/wiki/Idiophone" title="Idiophone">idiophone</a>. </p><p>Today, the marimba is used as a solo instrument, or in ensembles like <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marching_band" title="Marching band">marching bands</a> (typically as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Front_ensemble" title="Front ensemble">front ensemble</a>), <a href="/wiki/Percussion_ensemble" title="Percussion ensemble">percussion ensembles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brass_band" title="Brass band">brass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concert_band" title="Concert band">concert bands</a>, and other traditional ensembles. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_terminology">Etymology and terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Instruments_de_musique_des_Congolais,_gravure_extraite_de_Girolamo_Merolla_da_Sorrento.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Instruments_de_musique_des_Congolais%2C_gravure_extraite_de_Girolamo_Merolla_da_Sorrento.jpg/220px-Instruments_de_musique_des_Congolais%2C_gravure_extraite_de_Girolamo_Merolla_da_Sorrento.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Instruments_de_musique_des_Congolais%2C_gravure_extraite_de_Girolamo_Merolla_da_Sorrento.jpg/330px-Instruments_de_musique_des_Congolais%2C_gravure_extraite_de_Girolamo_Merolla_da_Sorrento.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Instruments_de_musique_des_Congolais%2C_gravure_extraite_de_Girolamo_Merolla_da_Sorrento.jpg/440px-Instruments_de_musique_des_Congolais%2C_gravure_extraite_de_Girolamo_Merolla_da_Sorrento.jpg 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>An array of named instruments in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kongo Kingdom</a> by Girolamo Merolla da Sorrento (1692)</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i>marimba</i> refers to both the traditional version of this instrument and its modern form. Its first documented use in the English language dates back to 1704.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is of <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> origin, deriving from the prefix <span title="Bantu languages collective text"><i lang="bnt">ma-</i></span> meaning 'many' and <span title="Bantu languages collective text"><i lang="bnt">-rimba</i></span> meaning 'xylophone'. The term is akin to <a href="/wiki/Kongo_languages" title="Kongo languages">Kikongo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> <span title="Bantu languages collective text"><i lang="bnt">marimba</i></span> or <span title="Bantu languages collective text"><i lang="bnt">malimba</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient">Ancient</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Xylophone#History" title="Xylophone">Xylophone § History</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_with_Water-Pots,_Listening_to_the_Music_of_the_Marimba,_Sansa,_and_Pan%E2%80%99s_Pipes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Women_with_Water-Pots%2C_Listening_to_the_Music_of_the_Marimba%2C_Sansa%2C_and_Pan%E2%80%99s_Pipes.jpg/220px-Women_with_Water-Pots%2C_Listening_to_the_Music_of_the_Marimba%2C_Sansa%2C_and_Pan%E2%80%99s_Pipes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Women_with_Water-Pots%2C_Listening_to_the_Music_of_the_Marimba%2C_Sansa%2C_and_Pan%E2%80%99s_Pipes.jpg/330px-Women_with_Water-Pots%2C_Listening_to_the_Music_of_the_Marimba%2C_Sansa%2C_and_Pan%E2%80%99s_Pipes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Women_with_Water-Pots%2C_Listening_to_the_Music_of_the_Marimba%2C_Sansa%2C_and_Pan%E2%80%99s_Pipes.jpg/440px-Women_with_Water-Pots%2C_Listening_to_the_Music_of_the_Marimba%2C_Sansa%2C_and_Pan%E2%80%99s_Pipes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1259" data-file-height="765" /></a><figcaption>Marimba players in Africa</figcaption></figure> <p>Instruments like the marimba are present throughout the entirety of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan</a> Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The instrument itself is most similar and shares its name with the marimbas of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is also similar to instruments that exist in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Balafon" title="Balafon">balafon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka people</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Gyil" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyil">gyil</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Gur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gur people">Gur peoples</a> in and around northern <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_America">Central America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Central America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guatemala#Marimba" title="Music of Guatemala">Music of Guatemala § Marimba</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Marimba_(1888).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/The_Marimba_%281888%29.jpg/170px-The_Marimba_%281888%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/The_Marimba_%281888%29.jpg/255px-The_Marimba_%281888%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/The_Marimba_%281888%29.jpg/340px-The_Marimba_%281888%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1221" data-file-height="1331" /></a><figcaption>"The Marimba" from "The Capitals of Spanish America" (1888)</figcaption></figure> <p>The marimba is popular throughout <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>, with its popularity spreading from southern Mexico to <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>. The first historical account in Central America is from 1550 where enslaved Africans in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> are reported playing it. By 1680 accounts of <a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Maya</a> musicians using marimbas with <a href="/wiki/Gourd" title="Gourd">gourd</a> resonator were made in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>. It became more widespread during the 18th and 19th centuries, as Maya and <a href="/wiki/Ladino_people" title="Ladino people">Ladino</a> ensembles started using it on festivals. In 1821, the marimba was proclaimed the national instrument of Guatemala in its independence proclamation.<sup id="cite_ref-Garland_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garland-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia#Pacific_Region_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Music of Colombia § Pacific Region of Colombia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ecuador#Afro-Ecuadorian_music" title="Music of Ecuador">Music of Ecuador § Afro-Ecuadorian music</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_(watercolor_9040,_1853_CE).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_%28watercolor_9040%2C_1853_CE%29.png/220px-Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_%28watercolor_9040%2C_1853_CE%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_%28watercolor_9040%2C_1853_CE%29.png/330px-Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_%28watercolor_9040%2C_1853_CE%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_%28watercolor_9040%2C_1853_CE%29.png/440px-Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz_%28watercolor_9040%2C_1853_CE%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1303" /></a><figcaption>A watercolor of marimbas by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_Paz" title="Manuel María Paz">Manuel María Paz</a> from the Province of <a href="/wiki/Barbacoas,_Nari%C3%B1o" title="Barbacoas, Nariño">Barbacoas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> (1853)</figcaption></figure> <p>Marimba's second range of popularity in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> is in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_coast" title="Pacific coast">Pacific coast</a> of Colombia and Ecuador.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The instruments were brought there via the <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> and their cultural significance has survived to the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-Kraul_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraul-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Afro%E2%80%93Latin_Americans" title="Afro–Latin Americans">Afro-Latino</a> communities that take part in preserving and playing it value its importance as a touchstone of their resilience.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombian_Police_(6904573755).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Colombian_Police_%286904573755%29.jpg/220px-Colombian_Police_%286904573755%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Colombian_Police_%286904573755%29.jpg/330px-Colombian_Police_%286904573755%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Colombian_Police_%286904573755%29.jpg/440px-Colombian_Police_%286904573755%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Afro-Colombian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Colombian">Afro-Colombian</a> youth playing the <i>marimba de chonta</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> the most widespread marimba is the <i>marimba de chonta</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bactris_gasipaes" title="Bactris gasipaes">peach-palm</a> marimba). Marimba music has been listed on <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as an intangible part of Colombian culture.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent times <i>marimberos</i> (marimba players) and the marimba genres as a whole have started to fade out in popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-Kraul_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraul-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the genre is still popular in the departments of <a href="/wiki/Choc%C3%B3_Department" title="Chocó Department">Chocó</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cauca_Department" title="Cauca Department">Cauca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Esmeraldian_(Afro-Ecuadorian)_marimba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Esmeraldian_%28Afro-Ecuadorian%29_marimba.jpg/220px-Esmeraldian_%28Afro-Ecuadorian%29_marimba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Esmeraldian_%28Afro-Ecuadorian%29_marimba.jpg/330px-Esmeraldian_%28Afro-Ecuadorian%29_marimba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Esmeraldian_%28Afro-Ecuadorian%29_marimba.jpg/440px-Esmeraldian_%28Afro-Ecuadorian%29_marimba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3933" data-file-height="2079" /></a><figcaption>An example of the <a href="/wiki/Afro-Ecuadorian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Ecuadorian">Afro-Ecuadorian</a> <i>marimba esmeraldeña</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> the most widespread marimba is the <i>marimba esmeraldeña</i> (<a href="/wiki/Esmeraldas,_Ecuador" title="Esmeraldas, Ecuador">Esmeralda</a> marimba).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marimbas are an important aspect of Afro-Ecuadorian culture: many religious ceremonies and songs are accompanied with marimba music along with festivals and dances.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is most popular in the province of Esmeraldas where in the 16th century <a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Illescas" title="Alonso de Illescas">Alonso de Illescas</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Maroons" title="Maroons">maroon</a>, found a <a href="/wiki/Quilombo" title="Quilombo">maroon settlement</a> near the area around modern day Esmeraldas. In that province, it evokes a sense of pride for the community in which years centuries marimba music has been prohibited after government encroachment upon the <a href="/wiki/Esmeraldas_Province" title="Esmeraldas Province">Esmeraldas province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MarimbaTimeOnFrenchmenMardiGras2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/MarimbaTimeOnFrenchmenMardiGras2009.JPG/220px-MarimbaTimeOnFrenchmenMardiGras2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/MarimbaTimeOnFrenchmenMardiGras2009.JPG/330px-MarimbaTimeOnFrenchmenMardiGras2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/MarimbaTimeOnFrenchmenMardiGras2009.JPG/440px-MarimbaTimeOnFrenchmenMardiGras2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>A marimba player on the streets of <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, during <a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras_in_New_Orleans" title="Mardi Gras in New Orleans">Mardi Gras</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Marimbas have become widely popular around the world since it was being used throughout <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1850, Mexican marimbist Manuel Bolán Cruz (1810–1863), modified the old bow marimba, by the wooden straight one, lengthening the legs so that the musicians could play in a standing mode, expanded the keyboard and replaced the gourd resonators by wooden boxes. </p><p>In 1892, Mexican musician <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coraz%C3%B3n_de_Jes%C3%BAs_Borras_Moreno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corazón de Jesús Borras Moreno (page does not exist)">Corazón de Jesús Borras Moreno</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraz%C3%B3n_de_Jes%C3%BAs_Borras_Moreno" class="extiw" title="es:Corazón de Jesús Borras Moreno">es</a>]</span> expanded the range of the marimba to include the <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_scale" title="Chromatic scale">chromatic scale</a> by adding another row of sound bars, akin to black keys on the piano.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name <i>marimba</i> was later applied to the orchestra instrument inspired by the Latin American model. In the United States, companies like <a href="/wiki/J.C._Deagan,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="J.C. Deagan, Inc.">J.C. Deagan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Leedy_Manufacturing_Company" title="Leedy Manufacturing Company">Leedy Manufacturing Company</a> adapted the Latin American instruments for use in Western music. Metal tubes were used as resonators, fine-tuned by rotating metal discs at the bottom; lowest note tubes were U-shaped. The marimbas were first used for light music and dance, such as <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> theater and comedy shows. <a href="/wiki/Clair_Omar_Musser" title="Clair Omar Musser">Clair Omar Musser</a> was a chief proponent of marimba in the United States at the time. </p><p>In 1940, the American composer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Creston" title="Paul Creston">Paul Creston</a> wrote the first composition for solo marimba (<i>Concertino for Marimba and Orchestra</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French composer <a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Darius Milhaud</a> also helped introduce marimbas into <a href="/wiki/Western_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Western classical music">Western classical music</a> with his 1947 <i>Concerto for Marimba and Vibraphone</i>. Four-mallet grip was employed to play <a href="/wiki/Chord_(music)" title="Chord (music)">chords</a>, enhancing interest for the instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-Vienna_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vienna-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">modernist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_classical_music" title="Contemporary classical music">contemporary</a> composers found new ways to use marimba: notable examples include <a href="/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Leoš Janáček</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Jenufa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenufa">Jenufa</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Carl_Orff" title="Carl Orff">Carl Orff</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Antigonae" title="Antigonae">Antigonae</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Karl_Amadeus_Hartmann" title="Karl Amadeus Hartmann">Karl Amadeus Hartmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Werner_Henze" title="Hans Werner Henze">Hans Werner Henze</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Elegy_for_Young_Lovers" title="Elegy for Young Lovers">Elegy for Young Lovers</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Le_marteau_sans_ma%C3%AEtre" class="mw-redirect" title="Le marteau sans maître">Le marteau sans maître</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Reich" title="Steve Reich">Steve Reich</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marimba_tlaquepaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Marimba_tlaquepaque.jpg/170px-Marimba_tlaquepaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Marimba_tlaquepaque.jpg/255px-Marimba_tlaquepaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Marimba_tlaquepaque.jpg/340px-Marimba_tlaquepaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption>Folk and popular marimba</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bars">Bars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marimba bars may be made either of wood or a synthetic <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a> material. For the best sound quality, <a href="/wiki/Rosewood" title="Rosewood">rosewood</a> is the most desirable, while <a href="/wiki/Padauk" class="mw-redirect" title="Padauk">padauk</a> is a popular affordable alternative. Synthetic fiberglass bars are often sold under trade names such as Kelon (for <a href="/wiki/Ludwig-Musser" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig-Musser">Ludwig-Musser</a>), Klyperon (for <a href="/wiki/J.C._Deagan,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="J.C. Deagan, Inc.">J.C. Deagan</a>), or Acoustalon (for <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation" title="Yamaha Corporation">Yamaha</a>), among others. Bars made from synthetic materials generally fall short in sound quality and generally have a longer decay in comparison to wooden bars, but they are often less expensive and yield added durability and weather resistance, making them suitable for outdoor use. For wooden bars, changes in humidity or temperature may alter the moisture levels within the wood. This may negatively affect the pitch and tonality of the bar. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bubinga" class="mw-redirect" title="Bubinga">Bubinga</a> (<i>Guibourtia demeusei</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">mahogany</a> have also been cited as comparable to rosewood in quality for use as marimba bars. The specific rosewood, <i><a href="/wiki/Dalbergia_stevensonii" title="Dalbergia stevensonii">Dalbergia stevensonii</a></i>, only grows in Southern Guatemala and Belize, formerly British Honduras.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This wood has a <a href="/wiki/Janka_hardness_test" title="Janka hardness test">Janka rating</a> of 2200, which is about three times harder than <a href="/wiki/Silver_maple" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver maple">silver maple</a>. The bars are wider and longer at the lowest-pitched notes, and gradually get narrower and shorter as the notes get higher. During the tuning, wood is taken from the middle underside of the bar to lower the pitch. Because of this, the bars are also thinner in the lowest pitch register and thicker in the highest pitch register. While most American marimbas are tuned to the standard A4=440 Hz, many commercial marimbas are tuned to A4=442 Hz for a brighter sound for better blend with an orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marimba bars produce their fullest sound when struck just off center, while striking the bar in the center produces a more articulate tone. On chromatic marimbas, the accidentals can also be played on the extreme front edge of the bar, away from the <a href="/wiki/Node_(physics)" title="Node (physics)">node</a> (the place where the string goes through the bar) if necessary. Playing on the node produces a sonically weak tone, and the technique is only used when the player or composer is looking for a muted sound from the instrument. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Contra_Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Contra_Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg/220px-Contra_Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Contra_Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg/330px-Contra_Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Contra_Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg/440px-Contra_Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2869" data-file-height="1881" /></a><figcaption>Contrabass marimba: range of G<sub>1</sub>–G<sub>3</sub></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg/220px-Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg/330px-Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg/440px-Bass_Marimba_from_Emil_Richards_Collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2738" data-file-height="1825" /></a><figcaption>Bass marimba: range of C<sub>2</sub>–F<sub>3</sub></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Range">Range</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no standard range of the marimba, but the most common ranges are 4.3 octaves, 4.5 octaves and 5 octaves; 4, 4.6 and 5.5 octave sizes are also available. </p> <ul><li>4 octave: C<sub>3</sub> to C<sub>7</sub>.</li> <li>4.3 octave: A<sub>2</sub> to C<sub>7</sub>. The .3 refers to three semitones below the 4 octave instrument. This is the most common range.</li> <li>4.5 octave: F<sub>2</sub> to C<sub>7</sub>. The .5 means "half";</li> <li>4.6 octave: E<sub>2</sub> to C<sub>7</sub>, one semitone below the 4.5. Useful for playing guitar literature and transcriptions.</li> <li>5 octave: C<sub>2</sub> to C<sub>7</sub>, one full octave below the 4 octave instrument, useful for playing cello transcriptions, e.g., <a href="/wiki/J._S._Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="J. S. Bach">J. S. Bach</a>'s cello suites.</li> <li>Bass range (varies, but examples range from G<sub>1</sub>–G<sub>3</sub> or C<sub>2</sub>–F<sub>3</sub>)</li></ul> <p>The range of the marimba has been gradually expanding, with companies like Marimba One adding notes up to F above the normal high C (C<sub>7</sub>) on their 5.5 octave instrument and marimba tuners adding notes lower than the low C on the 5 octave C<sub>2</sub>. Adding lower notes is somewhat impractical; as the bars become bigger and the resonators become longer, the instrument must be taller and the mallets must be softer in order to produce a tone rather than just a percussive attack. Adding higher notes is also impractical because the hardness of the mallets required to produce the characteristic tone of a marimba are much too hard to play with in almost any other, lower range on the instrument. </p><p>The marimba is a non-transposing instrument with no octave displacement, unlike the <a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">xylophone</a>, which sounds one octave higher than written, and the <a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">glockenspiel</a>, which sounds two octaves higher than written. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marimba_resonators.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Marimba_resonators.jpg/220px-Marimba_resonators.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Marimba_resonators.jpg/330px-Marimba_resonators.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Marimba_resonators.jpg/440px-Marimba_resonators.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>PVC resonators</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resonators">Resonators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Resonators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part of the key to the marimba's rich sound are its <a href="/wiki/Resonator" title="Resonator">resonators</a>. These are tubes (usually <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a>) that hang below each bar. </p><p>In the most traditional versions, various sizes of natural <a href="/wiki/Gourd" title="Gourd">gourds</a> are attached below the keys to act as resonators; in more sophisticated versions carved wooden resonators are substituted, allowing for more precise tuning of pitch. In Central America and Mexico, a hole is often carved into the bottom of each resonator and then covered with a delicate membrane taken from the intestine of a pig to add a characteristic "buzzing" or "rattling" sound known as <i>charleo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In more contemporary-style marimbas, wood is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride" title="Polyvinyl chloride">PVC</a> tubing. The holes in the bottoms of the tubes are covered with a thin layer of paper to produce the buzzing noise. </p><p>The length of the resonators varies according to the frequency that the bar produces. Vibrations from the bars resonate as they pass through the tubes, which amplify the tone in a manner very similar to the way in which the body of a guitar or cello would. In instruments exceeding <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> octaves, the length of tubing required for the <a href="/wiki/Bass_(sound)" title="Bass (sound)">bass</a> notes exceeds the height of the instrument. Some manufacturers, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=DeMorrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DeMorrow (page does not exist)">DeMorrow</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malletech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malletech (page does not exist)">Malletech</a>, compensate for this by bending the ends of the tubes. This involves soldering smaller straight sections of tubes to form "curved" tubes. Both DeMorrow and Malletech use brass rather than aluminium. Others, such as <a href="/wiki/Adams_Musical_Instruments" title="Adams Musical Instruments">Adams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_(manufacturer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamaha (manufacturer)">Yamaha</a>, expand the tubes into large box-shaped bottoms, resulting in the necessary amount of resonating space without having to extend the tubes. This result is achieved by the custom manufacturer Marimba One by widening the resonators into an oval shape, with the lowest ones reaching nearly a foot in width, and doubling the tube up inside the lowest resonators—a process known as <a href="/wiki/Haskell_organ_pipe_construction" title="Haskell organ pipe construction">"Haskelling"</a>, originally used in pipe organ resonators, and named for its inventor, <a href="/wiki/William_E._Haskell" title="William E. Haskell">William E. Haskell</a>. </p><p>Resonator tuning involves adjusting "stops" in the tubes themselves to compensate for temperature and humidity conditions in the room where the instrument is stored. Some companies offer adjustment in the upper octaves only. Others do not have any adjustable stops. Still some companies (Malletech and DeMorrow) offer full-range adjustable stops. </p><p>On many marimbas, decorative resonators are added to fill the gaps in the accidental resonator bank. In addition to this, the resonator lengths are sometimes altered to form a decorative arch, such as in the Musser M-250. This does not affect the resonant properties, because the end plugs in the resonators are still placed at their respective lengths. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mallets">Mallets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mallets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miami-Dade_County_Public_Schools_-_Flickr_-_Knight_Foundation_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Miami-Dade_County_Public_Schools_-_Flickr_-_Knight_Foundation_%282%29.jpg/220px-Miami-Dade_County_Public_Schools_-_Flickr_-_Knight_Foundation_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Miami-Dade_County_Public_Schools_-_Flickr_-_Knight_Foundation_%282%29.jpg/330px-Miami-Dade_County_Public_Schools_-_Flickr_-_Knight_Foundation_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Miami-Dade_County_Public_Schools_-_Flickr_-_Knight_Foundation_%282%29.jpg/440px-Miami-Dade_County_Public_Schools_-_Flickr_-_Knight_Foundation_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>An example of the mallets used when playing a marimba</figcaption></figure> <p>The mallet shaft is commonly made of wood, usually <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a>, but may also be <a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">rattan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a>. The most common diameter of the shaft is around <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">8 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in). Shafts made of rattan have a certain elasticity to them, while birch has almost no give. Professionals use both depending on their preferences, whether they are playing with two mallets or more, and which grip they use if they are using a four-mallet grip. </p><p>Appropriate mallets for the instrument depend on the range. The material at the end of the shaft is almost always a type of rubber, usually wrapped with yarn. Softer mallets are used at the lowest notes, and harder mallets are used at the highest notes. Mallets that are too hard will damage the instrument, and mallets that might be appropriate for the upper range could damage the notes in the lower range (especially on a <a href="/wiki/Padouk" class="mw-redirect" title="Padouk">padouk</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rosewood" title="Rosewood">rosewood</a> instrument). On the lower notes, the bars are larger, and require a softer mallet to bring out a strong fundamental. Because of the need to use varying hardnesses of mallets, some players, when playing with four or more mallets, might use graduated mallets to match the bars that they are playing (softer on the left, harder on the right). </p><p>Some mallets, called "two-toned" or "multi-tonal", have a hard core, loosely wrapped with yarn. These are designed to sound articulate when playing at a loud dynamic, and broader at the quieter dynamics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mallet_technique">Mallet technique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mallet technique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern marimba music calls for simultaneous use of between two and four mallets (sometimes up to six or eight), granting the performer the ability to play chords or music with large interval skips more easily. Multiple mallets are held in the same hand using any of a number of techniques or "grips". For four mallets (two mallets in each hand), the most common grips are the <a href="/wiki/Burton_grip" title="Burton grip">Burton grip</a> (made popular by <a href="/wiki/Gary_Burton" title="Gary Burton">Gary Burton</a>), the traditional grip (or "cross grip") and the <a href="/wiki/Stevens_technique" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevens technique">Musser-Stevens grip</a> (made popular by <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Howard_Stevens" title="Leigh Howard Stevens">Leigh Howard Stevens</a>). Each grip is perceived to have its own benefits and drawbacks. For example, some marimbists feel the Musser-Stevens grip is more suitable for quick interval changes and mallet independence, while the Burton grip is more suitable for stronger playing or switching between chords and single-note melody lines. The traditional grip gives a greater dynamic range and freedom of playing. The choice of grip varies by region (the Musser-Stevens grip and the Burton grip are more popular in the United States, while the traditional grip is more popular in Japan), by instrument (the Burton grip is less likely to be used on marimba than on a <a href="/wiki/Vibraphone" title="Vibraphone">vibraphone</a>) and by the preference of the individual performer.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Six-mallet grips consist of variations on these three grips. Six-mallet marimba grips have been used for years by Mexican and Central American marimbists, but they are generally considered non-standard in the Western classical canon. <a href="/wiki/Keiko_Abe" title="Keiko Abe">Keiko Abe</a> has written a number of compositions for six mallets, including a section in her concerto <i>Prism Rhapsody</i>. Other marimbists/composers using this technique include Rebecca Kite (who commissioned composer <a href="/wiki/Evan_Hause" title="Evan Hause">Evan Hause</a> to write <i>Circe</i>, a major work for six mallets, in 2001), Dean Gronemeier, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Paterson_(composer)" title="Robert Paterson (composer)">Robert Paterson</a>, and Kai Stensgaard. Paterson's grip is based on the Burton grip, and his grip and technique have been called the Paterson grip, and even the Wolverine grip. Paterson states that his technique differs from others in that there is less emphasis places on block chords on the lower bank of notes (the naturals or white notes) and more emphasis on independence, one-handed rolls, and alternations between mallets 12-3 or 1–23 in the left hand (or 45-6 or 4–56 in the right hand, respectively), and so on. Ludwig Albert published at first a work for eight mallets and demonstrated the Ludwig Albert eight-mallet grip based on the traditional grip from 1995.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Repertoire">Repertoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Repertoire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MarimbaPlayer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/MarimbaPlayer.jpg/220px-MarimbaPlayer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/MarimbaPlayer.jpg/330px-MarimbaPlayer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/MarimbaPlayer.jpg/440px-MarimbaPlayer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1902" /></a><figcaption>A marimba player for the <a href="/wiki/NDR_Radiophilharmonie" title="NDR Radiophilharmonie">NDR Radiophilharmonie</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orchestra">Orchestra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Orchestra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The marimba is less used by <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composers</a> than other <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboards</a> from <a href="/wiki/Orchestral_percussion" title="Orchestral percussion">orchestral percussion</a> section, although its interest increased after 1950 such as in <a href="/wiki/Le_Marteau_sans_ma%C3%AEtre" title="Le Marteau sans maître">Le marteau sans maître</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concertos">Concertos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Concertos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first solo marimba concerto, Concertino for Marimba, was composed by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Creston" title="Paul Creston">Paul Creston</a> in 1940, after a commission by <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rique_Petrides" title="Frédérique Petrides">Frédérique Petrides</a>. The Concertino for Marimba premiered on 29 April 1940 in <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> with marimba soloist <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Stuber_Jeanne" title="Ruth Stuber Jeanne">Ruth Stuber Jeanne</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Orchestrette_Classique" title="Orchestrette Classique">Orchestrette Classique</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second concerto for the marimba, Concerto for Marimba, Vibraphone and Orchestra, was written by <a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Darius Milhaud</a> in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Symphony Orchestra">Oregon Symphony Orchestra</a> commissioned <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Svoboda_(composer)" title="Tomáš Svoboda (composer)">Tomáš Svoboda</a> to compose Concerto for Marimba and Orchestra, Op. 148, in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recording of the piece by the orchestra and Niel DePonte was nominated for the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Instrumental_Soloist(s)_Performance_(with_orchestra)" title="Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra)">Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other prominent concertos include Concerto No. 1 for Marimba and String Orchestra written in 1986 by <a href="/wiki/Ney_Rosauro" title="Ney Rosauro">Ney Rosauro</a> and Concerto for Marimba and String Orchestra written in 2006 by <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9" title="Emmanuel Séjourné">Emmanuel Séjourné</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solos">Solos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Solos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The marimba is the most popular solo keyboard percussion instrument in classical music. Popular marimba solos range from beginner solos such as <i><a href="/wiki/Yellow_After_the_Rain" title="Yellow After the Rain">Yellow After the Rain</a></i> and <i>Sea Refractions</i> by Mitchell Peters to more advanced works such as <i>Variations on Lost Love</i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Maslanka" title="David Maslanka">David Maslanka</a>, <i>Rhythmic Caprice</i> by <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Howard_Stevens" title="Leigh Howard Stevens">Leigh Howard Stevens</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Khan_Variations" title="Khan Variations">Khan Variations</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Vi%C3%B1ao" title="Alejandro Viñao">Alejandro Viñao</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_music">Popular music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Popular music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GuatemalanMarimbaGourds.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/GuatemalanMarimbaGourds.JPG/220px-GuatemalanMarimbaGourds.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/GuatemalanMarimbaGourds.JPG/330px-GuatemalanMarimbaGourds.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/GuatemalanMarimbaGourds.JPG 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Folk marimba with gourds, Highland <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional marimba bands are especially popular in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, where they are the national symbol of culture, but are also strongly established in the Mexican states of <a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabasco" title="Tabasco">Tabasco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>. They are also very popular in other Central American nations such as <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, as well as among <a href="/wiki/Afro-Ecuadorians" title="Afro-Ecuadorians">Afro-Ecuadorians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afro-Colombians" title="Afro-Colombians">Afro-Colombians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been numerous jazz <a href="/wiki/Vibraphone" title="Vibraphone">vibraphonists</a> who also played the marimba. Notable among them are <a href="/wiki/Gary_Burton" title="Gary Burton">Gary Burton</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Friedman_(percussionist)" title="David Friedman (percussionist)">David Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefon_Harris" title="Stefon Harris">Stefon Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Hutcherson" title="Bobby Hutcherson">Bobby Hutcherson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Locke_(musician)" title="Joe Locke (musician)">Joe Locke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Nelson_(vibraphonist)" title="Steve Nelson (vibraphonist)">Steve Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Norvo" title="Red Norvo">Red Norvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Pike" title="Dave Pike">Dave Pike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Parker" title="Gloria Parker">Gloria Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Samuels" title="Dave Samuels">Dave Samuels</a>, and Arthur Lipner.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Marimbist and vibraphonist <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wechter" title="Julius Wechter">Julius Wechter</a> was the leader of a popular 1960s Latin-flavored band called <a href="/wiki/Baja_Marimba_Band" title="Baja Marimba Band">Baja Marimba Band</a>. <a href="/wiki/Herb_Alpert" title="Herb Alpert">Herb Alpert</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Brass" class="mw-redirect" title="Tijuana Brass">Tijuana Brass</a> made frequent use of the marimba.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Underwood" title="Ruth Underwood">Ruth Underwood</a> played an electrically amplified marimba in <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">The Mothers of Invention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>' 1966 song "<a href="/wiki/Under_My_Thumb" title="Under My Thumb">Under My Thumb</a>" prominently features a marimba, played by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Jones" title="Brian Jones">Brian Jones</a>. </p><p>A marimba solo was in the hit 1975 <a href="/wiki/Starbuck_(band)" title="Starbuck (band)">Starbuck</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Moonlight_Feels_Right#Marimba_solo" title="Moonlight Feels Right">Moonlight Feels Right</a>". </p><p>The 1982 <a href="/wiki/Toto_(band)" title="Toto (band)">Toto</a> hit “<a href="/wiki/Africa_(Toto_song)" title="Africa (Toto song)">Africa</a>” prominently features the marimba, played by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Porcaro" title="Joe Porcaro">Joe Porcaro</a>. </p><p>The version of the song “<a href="/wiki/Tonight_(Iggy_Pop_song)" title="Tonight (Iggy Pop song)">Tonight</a>” by <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a> featured on Bowie’s 1984 <a href="/wiki/Tonight_(David_Bowie_album)" title="Tonight (David Bowie album)">album of the same title</a> includes a marimba. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a>'s 1985 soundtrack album <i><a href="/wiki/Birdy_(Peter_Gabriel_album)" title="Birdy (Peter Gabriel album)">Birdy</a></i> includes the song "Slow Marimbas." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadrangularis_Reversum" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrangularis Reversum">Quadrangularis Reversum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marimba&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/marimba">"Definition of MARIMBA"</a>. <i>www.merriam-webster.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+MARIMBA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fmarimba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/marimba">"marimba | Origin and meaning of marimba by Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=marimba+%7C+Origin+and+meaning+of+marimba+by+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fmarimba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yamaha.com/en/musical_instrument_guide/marimba/structure/">"The origins of the Marimba:The birth of the marimba - Musical Instrument Guide - Yamaha Corporation"</a>. <i>www.yamaha.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.yamaha.com&rft.atitle=The+origins+of+the+Marimba%3AThe+birth+of+the+marimba+-+Musical+Instrument+Guide+-+Yamaha+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yamaha.com%2Fen%2Fmusical_instrument_guide%2Fmarimba%2Fstructure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeloAssunção_SoaresCatarino2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nelo, Manuel Neto Matos Osório; Assunção Soares, Armando; Catarino, Paula (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redalyc.org/journal/2740/274048277002/html/">"Etnomatemática da Marimba: instrumento etnográfico da provincia de Malanje em Angola"</a>. <i>Revista Latinoamericana de Etnomatemática</i> (in Portuguese). <b>10</b> (1): 6–20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Latinoamericana+de+Etnomatem%C3%A1tica&rft.atitle=Etnomatem%C3%A1tica+da+Marimba%3A+instrumento+etnogr%C3%A1fico+da+provincia+de+Malanje+em+Angola&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=6-20&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Nelo&rft.aufirst=Manuel+Neto+Matos+Os%C3%B3rio&rft.au=Assun%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Soares%2C+Armando&rft.au=Catarino%2C+Paula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redalyc.org%2Fjournal%2F2740%2F274048277002%2Fhtml%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJessup1983" class="citation book cs1">Jessup, Lynne (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qsDOBwAAQBAJ&q=balafon&pg=PA6"><i>The Mandinka Balafon: An Introduction with Notation for Teaching</i></a>. Art Path Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-916421-04-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-916421-04-5"><bdi>978-0-916421-04-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mandinka+Balafon%3A+An+Introduction+with+Notation+for+Teaching&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Art+Path+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-916421-04-5&rft.aulast=Jessup&rft.aufirst=Lynne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqsDOBwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbalafon%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garland-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garland_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ulLJUDmptFMC&pg=PA241">"The Marimbas of Guatemala"</a>. <i>The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music</i>. Routledge. 11 January 2013. p. 241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136095702" title="Special:BookSources/9781136095702"><bdi>9781136095702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Marimbas+of+Guatemala&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Garland+Encyclopedia+of+World+Music&rft.pages=241&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-01-11&rft.isbn=9781136095702&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DulLJUDmptFMC%26pg%3DPA241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists">"UNESCO - Marimba music, traditional chants and dances from the Colombia South Pacific region and Esmeraldas Province of Ecuador"</a>. <i>ich.unesco.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ich.unesco.org&rft.atitle=UNESCO+-+Marimba+music%2C+traditional+chants+and+dances+from+the+Colombia+South+Pacific+region+and+Esmeraldas+Province+of+Ecuador&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fich.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kraul-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kraul_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kraul_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKraul2010" class="citation web cs1">Kraul, Chris (30 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-nov-30-la-fg-colombia-marimba-20101130-story.html">"Colombia works to keep marimba traditions alive"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Colombia+works+to+keep+marimba+traditions+alive&rft.date=2010-11-30&rft.aulast=Kraul&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2010-nov-30-la-fg-colombia-marimba-20101130-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2017" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Catalina Maria (7 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/altlatino/2017/07/07/535868502/rio-miras-rom-n-rom-n-tells-a-peoples-history-through-the-marimba">"Rio Mira's 'Román Román' Tells A People's History Through The Marimba"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rio+Mira%27s+%27Rom%C3%A1n+Rom%C3%A1n%27+Tells+A+People%27s+History+Through+The+Marimba&rft.date=2017-07-07&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Catalina+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Faltlatino%2F2017%2F07%2F07%2F535868502%2Frio-miras-rom-n-rom-n-tells-a-peoples-history-through-the-marimba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlsema2015" class="citation web cs1">Alsema, Adriaan (2 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://colombiareports.com/amp/unesco-declares-colombias-pacific-marimba-music-intangible-cultural-heritage/">"Marimba UNESCO"</a>. <i>Colombia Reports</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528195504/https://colombiareports.com/amp/unesco-declares-colombias-pacific-marimba-music-intangible-cultural-heritage/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2016). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Percussion</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-09345-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-09345-4"><bdi>978-1-107-09345-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/920816078">920816078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Percussion&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F920816078&rft.isbn=978-1-107-09345-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEquilio_Zarro2000" class="citation thesis cs1">Equilio Zarro, Domenico (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/304594542"><i>Ney Rosauro: A Comprehensive Instructional Video and Reference Study Guide on the Composer and his Marimba Concerto</i></a> (EdD dissertation). <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/77598380">77598380</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/304594542">304594542</a> – via <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Ney+Rosauro%3A+A+Comprehensive+Instructional+Video+and+Reference+Study+Guide+on+the+Composer+and+his+Marimba+Concerto&rft.inst=Columbia+University&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F77598380&rft.aulast=Equilio+Zarro&rft.aufirst=Domenico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F304594542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicole_Summerlin2019" class="citation web cs1">Nicole Summerlin, Ashley (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/2274728694/CA191BF461224D93PQ/">"A Repertoire Guide Including Annotations of High School Level Keyboard Percussion Works for Four Mallets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1237296973">1237296973</a> – via <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Repertoire+Guide+Including+Annotations+of+High+School+Level+Keyboard+Percussion+Works+for+Four+Mallets&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1237296973&rft.aulast=Nicole+Summerlin&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F2274728694%2FCA191BF461224D93PQ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Creference_article%7C1000223347"><i>Garland Encyclopedia of World Music Volume 2 - South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean: Part 3 Nations and Musical Traditions</i></a>. Routledge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Garland+Encyclopedia+of+World+Music+Volume+2+-+South+America%2C+Mexico%2C+Central+America%2C+and+the+Caribbean%3A+Part+3+Nations+and+Musical+Traditions&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.alexanderstreet.com%2Fview%2Fwork%2Fbibliographic_entity%257Creference_article%257C1000223347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/baja-marimba-band-mn0000755924/biography">"Baja Marimba Band Biography, Songs, & Albums"</a>. AllMusic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baja+Marimba+Band+Biography%2C+Songs%2C+%26+Albums&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fbaja-marimba-band-mn0000755924%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorcelli2016" class="citation book cs1">Corcelli, John (2016). "Yearbook Signing: Zappa Alumni". <i>Frank Zappa FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Father of Invention</i>. Backbeat Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61713-674-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61713-674-0"><bdi>978-1-61713-674-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1050562408">1050562408</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yearbook+Signing%3A+Zappa+Alumni&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa+FAQ%3A+All+That%27s+Left+to+Know+About+the+Father+of+Invention&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1050562408&rft.isbn=978-1-61713-674-0&rft.aulast=Corcelli&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarimba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span 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type</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pitched_percussion_instrument" title="Pitched percussion instrument">Pitched percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Keyboard_percussion" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_percussion_instrument" title="Keyboard percussion instrument">Keyboard percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotales" title="Crotales">Crotales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">Glockenspiel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubaphone" title="Tubaphone">Tubaphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubular_bells" title="Tubular bells">Tubular bells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibraphone" title="Vibraphone">Vibraphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">Xylophone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handbell" title="Handbell">Handbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handpan" title="Handpan">Handpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">Steelpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabla" title="Tabla">Tabla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">Timpani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unpitched_percussion_instrument" title="Unpitched percussion instrument">Unpitched percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">Bass drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhr%C3%A1n" title="Bodhrán">Bodhrán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongos" class="mw-redirect" title="Bongos">Bongos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabasa" title="Cabasa">Cabasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caj%C3%B3n" title="Cajón">Cajón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castanets" title="Castanets">Castanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claves" title="Claves">Claves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conga" title="Conga">Conga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowbell_(instrument)" title="Cowbell (instrument)">Cowbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbals" class="mw-redirect" title="Cymbals">Cymbals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djembe" title="Djembe">Djembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraca" title="Maraca">Maracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_tree" title="Mark tree">Mark tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">Snare drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiko" title="Taiko">Taiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">Tambourine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong#Chau_gong_(tam-tam)" title="Gong">Tam-tam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_blocks" title="Temple blocks">Temple blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbales" title="Timbales">Timbales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodblock_(instrument)" title="Woodblock (instrument)">Wood block</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_percussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic percussion">Electronic percussion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">Drum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_drum" title="Electronic drum">Electronic drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Octapad" title="Roland Octapad">Octapad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Percussion groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">Drum kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marching_percussion" title="Marching percussion">Marching percussion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_ensemble" title="Front ensemble">Front ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_percussion_ensemble" title="Indoor percussion ensemble">Indoor percussion ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_section" title="Percussion section">Percussion section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_ensemble" title="Percussion ensemble">Percussion ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_circle" title="Drum circle">Drum circle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_percussion_instruments" title="Classification of percussion instruments">Classification of percussion instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_stick" title="Drum stick">Drum stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_mallet" title="Percussion mallet">Percussion mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cymbal_manufacturers" title="List of cymbal manufacturers">List of cymbal manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drum_manufacturers" title="List of drum manufacturers">List of drum manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_marimba_manufacturers" title="List of marimba manufacturers">List of marimba manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vibraphone_manufacturers" title="List of vibraphone manufacturers">List of vibraphone manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_timpani_manufacturers" title="List of timpani manufacturers">List of timpani manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_genres_in_the_Hispanosphere" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_in_Spanish" title="Template:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_in_Spanish" title="Template talk:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_in_Spanish" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_genres_in_the_Hispanosphere" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Music genres in the <a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Hispanosphere</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambuco" title="Bambuco">Bambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnavalito" title="Carnavalito">Carnavalito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablada" title="Diablada">Diablada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayno" title="Huayno">Huayno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morenada" title="Morenada">Morenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saya_(art_form)" title="Saya (art form)">Saya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinku" title="Tinku">Tinku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spaniard folk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_rumba" title="Catalan rumba">Catalan rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copla_(music)" title="Copla (music)">Copla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">Fandango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albore%C3%A1" title="Alboreá">Alboreá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buler%C3%ADas" title="Bulerías">Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canti%C3%B1as" title="Cantiñas">Cantiñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba_flamenca" title="Rumba flamenca">Rumba flamenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeta_(flamenco)" title="Saeta (flamenco)">Saeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1" title="Soleá">Soleá</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folia" title="Folia">Folia</a></li> <li>Isa (from <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malague%C3%B1a_(genre)" title="Malagueña (genre)">Malagueña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">Pasodoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajaraste" title="Tajaraste">Tajaraste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">Zarzuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urbano_music" title="Urbano music">Latin urban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_house" title="Latin house">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Reggae en Español">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_R%26B" title="Latin R&B">R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Trap</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Reggaeton" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_reggaeton" title="Alternative reggaeton">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachat%C3%B3n" title="Bachatón">Bachatón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahton" title="Moombahton">Moombahton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoperreo" title="Neoperreo">Neoperreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_reggaet%C3%B3n" title="Panamanian reggaetón">Panamanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litoraleña</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarrita" title="Chamarrita">Chamarrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarania_(music)" title="Guarania (music)">Guarania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_polka" title="Paraguayan polka">Paraguayan polka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamam%C3%A9" title="Chamamé">Chamamé</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_criolla" title="Música criolla">Peruvian coastal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festejo" title="Festejo">Festejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land%C3%B3_(music)" title="Landó (music)">Landó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_de_los_Diablos" title="Son de los Diablos">Son de los Diablos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_Mata" title="Toro Mata">Toro Mata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondero" title="Tondero">Tondero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_criollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals criollo">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_ballad" title="Latin ballad">Ballad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_canci%C3%B3n" title="Nueva canción">Nueva canción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_trova" title="Nueva trova">Nueva trova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_styles_of_Mexican_music" title="Regional styles of Mexican music">Regional<br />Mexican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corridos_tumbados" title="Corridos tumbados">Corridos tumbados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunto" title="Conjunto">Conjunto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">Norteño</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nortec" title="Nortec">Nortec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupera" title="Grupera">Grupera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duranguense" title="Duranguense">Duranguense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_music" title="Banda music">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">Mariachi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarabe" title="Jarabe">Jarabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">Ranchera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trival" class="mw-redirect" title="Trival">Trival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Cone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_cebolla" title="Música cebolla">Música cebolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murga" title="Murga">Murga</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tango" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">Tango</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tango" title="Argentine tango">Argentine tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals (music)">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotango" title="Neotango">Neotango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_tango" title="Nuevo tango">Nuevo tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_tango" title="Uruguayan tango">Uruguayan tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandoneon" title="Bandoneon">Bandoneon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orquesta_t%C3%ADpica" title="Orquesta típica">Orquesta típica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_en_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Rock en español">Rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alternative" title="Latin alternative">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_metal" title="Latin metal">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock music in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional folk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera">Chacarera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gato_(artform)" title="Gato (artform)">Gato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joropo" title="Joropo">Joropo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_mexicano" title="Son mexicano">Mexican Son</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">huasteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jalisciense" title="Son jalisciense">jalisciense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">jarocho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonada" title="Tonada">Tonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamba_(artform)" title="Zamba (artform)">Zamba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">Bachata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-ch%C3%A1_(music)" title="Cha-cha-chá (music)">Cha-cha-cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champeta" title="Champeta">Champeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%C3%BC%C3%AD" title="Changüí">Changüí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charanga_(Cuba)" title="Charanga (Cuba)">Charanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conga_(music)" title="Conga (music)">Conga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarteto" title="Cuarteto">Cuarteto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danz%C3%B3n" title="Danzón">Danzón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajira_(music)" title="Guajira (music)">Guajira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaracha" title="Guaracha">Guaracha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">Mambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">Merengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ringue" title="Méringue">Méringue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachanga" title="Pachanga">Pachanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rumba" title="Cuban rumba">Rumba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaguanc%C3%B3" title="Guaguancó">Guaguancó</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_dura" title="Salsa dura">dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_rom%C3%A1ntica" title="Salsa romántica">romántica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_cubano" title="Son cubano">Son cubano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_montuno" title="Son montuno">montuno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timba" title="Timba">Timba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trova" title="Trova">Trova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charanga-vallenata" title="Charanga-vallenata">Charanga-vallenata</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cumbia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cumbia" title="Argentine cumbia">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullerengue" title="Bullerengue">Bullerengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Colombia)" title="Cumbia (Colombia)">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cumbia" title="Mexican cumbia">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Chilean_cumbia" title="New Chilean cumbia">New Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Panama)" title="Cumbia (Panama)">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cumbia" title="Peruvian cumbia">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porro" title="Porro">Porro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_rap" title="Cumbia rap">Rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecnocumbia" title="Tecnocumbia">Tecnocumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_villera" title="Cumbia villera">Villera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachaca_(musical_genre)" title="Cachaca (musical genre)">Cachaca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afro-Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Bomba (Puerto Rico)">Bomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Ecuador)" title="Bomba (Ecuador)">Bomba del Chota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapal%C3%A9" title="Mapalé">Mapalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_(dance)" title="Tambor (dance)">Tambor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguinaldo_(music)" title="Aguinaldo (music)">Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canci%C3%B3n_mel%C3%B3dica" title="Canción melódica">Canción melódica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Christian_music" title="Latin Christian music">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criolla" title="Criolla">Criolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danza" title="Danza">Danza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cima" title="Décima">Décima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">Pasacalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasillo" title="Pasillo">Pasillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">Plena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preg%C3%B3n" title="Pregón">Pregón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punto_guajiro" title="Punto guajiro">Punto guajiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seis" title="Seis">Seis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico">Villancico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_music_subgenres" title="List of Latin music subgenres">subgenres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines#Hispanic-influenced_music" title="Music of the Philippines">Hispanic-influenced music in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85081095">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576332">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810605944405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550975605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/c436b34a-3017-472d-a003-49a2b24d55da">MusicBrainz instrument</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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