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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1953"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1953</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1953-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1974_riots_and_constitutional_amendment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1974_riots_and_constitutional_amendment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1974 riots and constitutional amendment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1974_riots_and_constitutional_amendment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordinance_XX_of_1984" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordinance_XX_of_1984"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Ordinance XX of 1984</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordinance_XX_of_1984-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shab_Qadar_incident" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shab_Qadar_incident"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Shab Qadar incident</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shab_Qadar_incident-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>2005</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>2011</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1</span> <span>In education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-Ahmadiyya_sentiment_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-Ahmadiyya_sentiment_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11.1</span> <span>Anti-Ahmadiyya sentiment in media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-Ahmadiyya_sentiment_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>2013</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>2014</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>2015</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.15</span> <span>2016</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.16</span> <span>2017</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17</span> <span>2018</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Twelfth_Amendment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Twelfth_Amendment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17.1</span> <span>Azad Jammu and Kashmir Twelfth Amendment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Twelfth_Amendment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17.2</span> <span>February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17.3</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17.4</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17.5</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17.6</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.18</span> <span>2019</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.19</span> <span>2020</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-July_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.19.1</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.19.2</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.19.3</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.19.4</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.20</span> <span>2023</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-April" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.20.1</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.21</span> <span>2024</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.21.1</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eid-ul-Adha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eid-ul-Adha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.21.1.1</span> <span>Eid-ul-Adha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eid-ul-Adha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.21.2</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persecution_of_Ahmadi_students" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persecution_of_Ahmadi_students"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.22</span> <span>Persecution of Ahmadi students</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persecution_of_Ahmadi_students-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other countries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other countries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Afghanistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Algeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Algeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2023_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>2023</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belarus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belarus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Belarus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belarus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bulgaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulgaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Bulgaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulgaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burkina_Faso" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burkina_Faso"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Burkina Faso</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burkina_Faso-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gambia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gambia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Gambia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gambia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2008_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.1</span> <span>2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.2</span> <span>2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.3</span> <span>2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.4</span> <span>2011</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.5</span> <span>2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.6</span> <span>2013</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2008_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11.1</span> <span>2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11.2</span> <span>2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11.3</span> <span>2011</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Palestine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Saudi Arabia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>Singapore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2009_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16.1</span> <span>2009</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16.2</span> <span>2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16.3</span> <span>2016</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Murder_of_Asad_Shah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Murder_of_Asad_Shah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16.3.1</span> <span>Murder of Asad Shah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Murder_of_Asad_Shah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hate_leaflets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hate_leaflets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16.3.2</span> <span>Hate leaflets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hate_leaflets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya#Verfolgung" title="Ahmadiyya – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ahmadiyya" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecuci%C3%B3n_de_ahmad%C3%ADes" title="Persecución de ahmadíes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Persecución de ahmadíes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penindasan_Ahmadiyah" title="Penindasan Ahmadiyah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penindasan Ahmadiyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:200%;"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ahmadiyya" title="Category:Ahmadiyya">a series</a> on</span></span> <br /><span style="font-size:200%;"><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/175px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/263px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/350px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">Beliefs and practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iman_(concept)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iman (concept)">Six articles of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Bay'ah (Ahmadiyya)">Bay'ah</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Distinct views</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophethood_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)">Prophethood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_view_on_Jihad" title="Ahmadiyya view on Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_views_on_evolution" title="Ahmadiyya views on evolution">Evolution</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Days of remembrance</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_Day" title="Caliphate Day">Caliphate Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Messiah_Day" title="Promised Messiah Day">Promised Messiah Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Reformer_Day" title="Promised Reformer Day">Promised Reformer Day</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_texts" title="List of Islamic texts">Foundational texts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">sciences</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Sirah</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah"><i>Aqidah</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(creed)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir"><i>Tafsir</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(exegesis)</span></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh"><i>Fiqh</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(jurisprudence)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia"><i>Sharia</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(law)</span></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Key literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_bibliography" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad bibliography"><i>Rūhānī Khazā᾽in</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malf%C5%ABz%C4%81t" title="Malfūzāt">Malfūzāt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafseer-e-Kabeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafseer-e-Kabeer"><i>Tafsīr-e-Kabīr</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqaiq_al-furqan" title="Haqaiq al-furqan"><i>Haqā'iq al-Furqān</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Review_of_Religions" title="Review of Religions">Review of Religions</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Fazl_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Fazl (newspaper)"><i>Al Fazl</i> (newspaper)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Muslim_Sunrise" title="The Muslim Sunrise">The Muslim Sunrise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revelation,_Rationality,_Knowledge_%26_Truth" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth">Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Caliphate" title="Ahmadiyya Caliphate">Organizational structure</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Caliphate" title="Ahmadiyya Caliphate">Caliphs:</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Noor-ud-Din" title="Hakeem Noor-ud-Din">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad" title="Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Nasir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Nasir Ahmad">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Tahir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Tahir Ahmad">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Masroor_Ahmad" title="Mirza Masroor Ahmad">V</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya#The_Consultative_Council" title="Ahmadiyya">Majlis al-Shura </a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lajna_Ima%27illah" title="Lajna Ima'illah">Lajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuddam-ul_Ahmadiyya" title="Khuddam-ul Ahmadiyya">Khuddām</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansarullah_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Ansarullah (Ahmadiyya)">Ansār</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalsa_Salana" title="Jalsa Salana">Jalsa Salana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ahmadiyya_buildings_and_structures" title="List of Ahmadiyya buildings and structures">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Ahmadiyya" title="Jamia Ahmadiyya">Jamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Television_Ahmadiyya_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International">MTA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Key sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Hijaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijaz">Hijaz</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">Al-Masjid an-Nabawi</a></li></ul> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fazl_Mosque,_London" title="Fazl Mosque, London">Fazl Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baitul_Futuh_Mosque" title="Baitul Futuh Mosque">Baitul Futuh Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Mosque,_Tilford" title="Mubarak Mosque, Tilford">Mubarak Mosque</a></li></ul> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Qadian" title="Qadian">Qadian</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqsa_Mosque,_Qadian" title="Aqsa Mosque, Qadian">Aqsa Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minaret-ul-Masih" class="mw-redirect" title="Minaret-ul-Masih">Minaret-ul-Masih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Mosque,_Qadian" title="Mubarak Mosque, Qadian">Mubarak Mosque</a></li></ul> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Rabwah" title="Rabwah">Rabwah</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqsa_Mosque,_Rabwah" title="Aqsa Mosque, Rabwah">Aqsa Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Ahmadiyya" title="Jamia Ahmadiyya">Jamia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Miscellaneous</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_by_country" title="Ahmadiyya by country">Ahmadiyya by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_and_other_faiths" title="Ahmadiyya and other faiths">Ahmadiyya and other faiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ahmadis" title="List of Ahmadis">List of Ahmadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity_First" title="Humanity First">Humanity First</a> (NGO Charity)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement_for_the_Propagation_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam">Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_translations_of_the_Quran" title="Ahmadiyya translations of the Quran">Ahmadiyya translations of the Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roza_Bal" title="Roza Bal">Roza Bal</a> (Tomb of Jesus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mai_Mari_da_Ashtan" title="Mai Mari da Ashtan">Mai Mari da Ashtan</a> (Tomb of Mary)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:160%;font-weight:normal; display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_censorship" title="Religious censorship">Religious censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious liberty">Religious liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Religious pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_prayer" title="School prayer">School prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_priests_in_public_office" title="Catholic priests in public office">Catholic priests in public office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(politics)" title="Confessionalism (politics)">Confessionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_state" title="Confessional state">Confessional state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">Atheist state</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_by_country" title="Freedom of religion by country">Status by country</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Africa_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Africa by country">Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Algeria" title="Freedom of religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Angola" title="Freedom of religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Benin" title="Freedom of religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Botswana" title="Freedom of religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Freedom of religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Burundi" title="Freedom of religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cameroon" title="Freedom of religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Freedom of religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Freedom of religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Chad" title="Freedom of religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Freedom of religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Mauritania" title="Freedom of religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Morocco" title="Freedom of religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Africa" title="Freedom of religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Sudan" title="Freedom of religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Tanzania" title="Freedom of religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_America_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in North America by country">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_America_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in South America by country">South America</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brazil" title="Freedom of religion in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Canada" title="Freedom of religion in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Colombia" title="Freedom of religion in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Ecuador" title="Freedom of religion in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Guyana" title="Freedom of religion in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Panama" title="Freedom of religion in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Paraguay" title="Freedom of religion in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of religion in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Asia_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Asia by country">Asia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Freedom of religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Armenia" title="Freedom of religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Freedom of religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bhutan" title="Freedom of religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brunei" title="Freedom of religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cambodia" title="Freedom of religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_India" title="Freedom of religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Indonesia" title="Freedom of religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Japan" title="Freedom of religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Freedom of religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Laos" title="Freedom of religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Malaysia" title="Freedom of religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Mongolia" title="Freedom of religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Myanmar" title="Freedom of religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Nepal" title="Freedom of religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan" title="Freedom of religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Freedom of religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Russia" title="Freedom of religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Singapore" title="Freedom of religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_South_Korea" title="Freedom of religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Freedom of religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Taiwan" title="Freedom of religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Freedom of religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Thailand" title="Freedom of religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkey" title="Freedom of religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Freedom of religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Freedom of religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Vietnam" title="Freedom of religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Europe_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Europe by country">Europe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Albania" title="Freedom of religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Andorra" title="Freedom of religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Armenia" title="Freedom of religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Austria" title="Freedom of religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Belarus" title="Freedom of religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Belgium" title="Freedom of religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Freedom of religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Croatia" title="Freedom of religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Freedom of religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_France" title="Freedom of religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Freedom of religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Germany" title="Freedom of religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Hungary" title="Freedom of religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Italy" title="Freedom of religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Montenegro" title="Freedom of religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Freedom of religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Norway" title="Freedom of religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Romania" title="Freedom of religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Russia" title="Freedom of religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Serbia" title="Freedom of religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Slovakia" title="Freedom of religion in Slovakia">Slovakia </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Slovenia" title="Freedom of religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Turkey" title="Freedom of religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Ukraine" title="Freedom of religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Freedom of religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East#Freedom_of_religion" title="Human rights in the Middle East">Middle East</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iran" title="Freedom of religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Iraq" title="Freedom of religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Jordan" title="Freedom of religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Kuwait" title="Freedom of religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Lebanon" title="Freedom of religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Oman" title="Freedom of religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Freedom of religion in the State of Palestine">Palestinian territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Qatar" title="Freedom of religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Syria" title="Freedom of religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Freedom of religion in the United Arab Emirates">UAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Yemen" title="Freedom of religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Oceania_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Oceania by country">Oceania</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Australia" title="Freedom of religion in Australia">Australia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e9e9ff;font-weight:normal;"> Topical</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam_by_country" title="Apostasy in Islam by country">Apostasy in Islam by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blasphemy_law" title="Blasphemy law">Blasphemy laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation_laws_by_country" title="Female genital mutilation laws by country">Female genital mutilation laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_ritual_slaughter" title="Legal aspects of ritual slaughter">Legal aspects of ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_male_circumcision" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious male circumcision">Religious male circumcision</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_traditional_African_religions" title="Persecution of traditional African religions">Traditional African religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christophobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Hinduism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'a</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_persecution_of_Alevis" title="Ottoman persecution of Alevis">Alevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Religious antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-cult_movement" title="Anti-cult movement">New religious movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_countercult_movement" title="Christian countercult movement">Christian countercult movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_Neopagans" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious discrimination against Neopagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_freedom" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#ffdd99;p">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; background:#ffdd99;"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F6AB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/70px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/105px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/140px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Social</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Christianity" title="Persecution of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity">Tewahedo Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li>Ahmadiyya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">national</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_opposition" title="LGBTQ rights opposition">LGBTQ rights opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Countermeasures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> branch of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> has been subjected to various forms of <a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">religious persecution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">discrimination</a> since the movement's inception in 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ahmadiyya Muslim movement emerged within the <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> tradition of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and its adherents believe in all of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">five pillars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_theology#Six_articles_of_belief" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic theology">all of the articles of faith</a> required of <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-timesonline.co.uk_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timesonline.co.uk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmadis are considered non-Muslims by many mainstream Muslims since they consider <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a>, the founder of the movement, to be the promised <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> awaited by the Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ahmadis are active translators of the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and proselytizers for the faith.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in a number of countries, Ahmadis have faced strong resistance. In many Muslim-majority nations, Ahmadis have been considered heretics and non-Muslim, and subjected to persecution and systematic, sometimes state-sanctioned, oppression.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Second Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">Second Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_XX" title="Ordinance XX">Ordinance XX</a> and the Twelfth Amendment of <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">AJ&K</a> declare Ahmadis to be non-Muslims and further deprive them of religious rights. Hundreds of Ahmadis were killed in the <a href="/wiki/1953_Lahore_riots" title="1953 Lahore riots">1953 Lahore riots</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1974_Anti-Ahmadiyya_riots" title="1974 Anti-Ahmadiyya riots">1974 Anti-Ahmadiyya riots</a>. The <a href="/wiki/2010_Ahmadiyya_mosques_massacre" title="2010 Ahmadiyya mosques massacre">May 2010 Attacks on Ahmadi mosques</a>, infamously known as the Lahore Massacre, resulted in the murder of 84 Ahmadis by suicide attack. The 1974 riots resulted in the largest number of killings of Ahmadis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Pakistan" title="Ahmadiyya in Pakistan">Ahmadiyya in Pakistan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalima_erasing_from_Ahmadiyya-Mosque.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kalima_erasing_from_Ahmadiyya-Mosque.JPG/220px-Kalima_erasing_from_Ahmadiyya-Mosque.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kalima_erasing_from_Ahmadiyya-Mosque.JPG/330px-Kalima_erasing_from_Ahmadiyya-Mosque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kalima_erasing_from_Ahmadiyya-Mosque.JPG/440px-Kalima_erasing_from_Ahmadiyya-Mosque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a>, the basic <a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">creed</a> of Islam and of Ahmadi Muslims, being erased by Pakistani police</figcaption></figure> <p>Approximately 2–5 million Ahmadis live in Pakistan, which has the largest population of Ahmadis in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the only state to have officially declared the Ahmadis to be non-Muslims as they do not consider Muhammad to be the final prophet;<sup id="cite_ref-hoque_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoque-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and their freedom of religion has been curtailed by a series of ordinances, acts and constitutional amendments. In 1974, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>'s parliament adopted a law declaring Ahmadis to be non-Muslims;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the country's constitution was amended to define a Muslim "as a person who believes in the finality of the Prophet Muhammad".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">General Zia-ul-Haq</a>, the then military ruler of Pakistan, issued <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_XX" title="Ordinance XX">Ordinance XX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ordinance, which was supposed to prevent "anti-Islamic activities", forbids Ahmadis to call themselves Muslim or to "pose as Muslims". This means that they are not allowed to profess the Islamic creed publicly or call their places of worship mosques.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although derogatory religious slurs,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the terms '<a href="/wiki/Qadiani" title="Qadiani">Qadiani</a>', 'Qadianism', 'Mirzai' and 'Mirzaian' are widely used in Pakistan to refer to Ahmadis and the term 'Qadiani' is also the term used by the government in its constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahmadis in Pakistan have often come under <a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">religious discrimination</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">persecution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Uddin_2014_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uddin_2014-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmadis in Pakistan are also barred by law from worshipping in non-Ahmadi mosques or public prayer rooms, performing the Muslim call to prayer, using the traditional Islamic greeting in public, publicly quoting from the Quran, preaching in public, seeking converts, or producing, publishing, and disseminating their religious materials. These acts are punishable by imprisonment of up to three years.<sup id="cite_ref-globalsecurity_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalsecurity-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In applying for a passport or a national ID card, all Pakistanis are required to sign an oath declaring Mirza Ghulam Ahmad to be an impostor prophet and all Ahmadis to be non-Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-hanif_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hanif-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the laws and constitutional amendments regarding Ahmadis in Pakistan, persecution and hate-related incidents are constantly reported from different parts of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Uddin_2014_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Uddin_2014-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmadis have been the target of many attacks led by various religious groups in Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-law.harvard.edu_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-law.harvard.edu-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All religious seminaries and <i><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">madrasas</a></i> in Pakistan belonging to <a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">different sects of Islam</a> have prescribed essential reading materials specifically targeted at refuting Ahmadiyya beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-uoit.ca_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoit.ca-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a recent survey, students from many private schools of Pakistan expressed their opinions on religious tolerance in the country. The figures assembled in the study reflect that even among the educated classes of Pakistan, Ahmadis are considered the least deserving minority in terms of equal opportunities and civil rights. The teachers from these elite schools showed lower levels of tolerance towards Ahmadis than their pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another example is <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a>, the only recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics who identified as a Muslim. For his mere allegiance to the Ahmadiyya sect, he had been ignored and excommunicated. There are no monuments or universities named after him. The word "Muslim" has been erased from his grave stone.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1953">1953</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1953"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lahore_riots_of_1953" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore riots of 1953">Lahore riots of 1953</a></div> <p>In 1953 at the instigation of religious parties, <a href="/wiki/Lahore_riots_of_1953" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore riots of 1953">anti-Ahmadiyya riots</a> erupted in Pakistan, killing scores of Ahmadi Muslims and destroying their properties. There was severe agitations against the Ahmadis, including street protests, political rallies, and inflammatory articles. These agitations led to 200 Ahmadi deaths. Consequently, <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Malik_Ghulam_Muhammad" title="Malik Ghulam Muhammad">Ghulam Muhammad</a> implemented <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> and dismissed Pakistan's Federal Cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1974_riots_and_constitutional_amendment">1974 riots and constitutional amendment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1974 riots and constitutional amendment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1974_Anti-Ahmadiyya_riots" title="1974 Anti-Ahmadiyya riots">1974 Anti-Ahmadiyya riots</a></div> <p>In 1974, a violent campaign, led mainly by the <a href="/wiki/Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam">Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan">Jamaat-e-Islami</a>, began against the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Muslim_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyya Muslim Community">Ahmadiyya Muslim Community</a> in Pakistan, on the pretext of a clash between Ahmadis and non-Ahmadis at the railway station of Rabwah. This campaign resulted in several Ahmadi casualties and destruction of Ahmadiyya property, including the desecration of mosques and graves. </p><p>As a result of pressure from this agitation, legislation and constitutional changes were enacted to criminalise the religious practises of Ahmadis by preventing them from claiming they are <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> or from "behaving" as Muslims. These changes primarily came about due to the pressure of the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi</a> King at the time, King <a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">Faisal</a> bin As-Saud, according to Dr Mubashar Hassan, Prime Minister Bhutto's close confidant at the time. Pakistan's parliament adopted a law that declares Ahmadis non-Muslims. The country's constitution was amended to define a Muslim "...as a person who believes in the finality of the Prophet Muhammad."<sup id="cite_ref-Act_XLIX_of_1974_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Act_XLIX_of_1974-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PLD_1978_Lahore_113_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLD_1978_Lahore_113-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ordinance_XX_of_1984">Ordinance XX of 1984</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ordinance XX of 1984"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_XX" title="Ordinance XX">Ordinance XX</a></div> <p>On 26 April 1984, <a href="/wiki/General_Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a>, the President of Pakistan, issued the anti-Ahmadiyya Ordinance XX,<sup id="cite_ref-Ordinance_XX_of_1984_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ordinance_XX_of_1984-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which effectively prohibited Ahmadis from preaching or professing their beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-PLD_1985_FSC_8_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLD_1985_FSC_8-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1993_SCMR_1718_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1993_SCMR_1718-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ordinance, which was supposed to prevent "anti-Islamic activities", forbids Ahmadis to call themselves Muslim or to "pose as Muslims". This means that they are not allowed to profess the Islamic creed publicly or call their places of worship <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a>. Ahmadis in Pakistan are also barred by law from worshipping in non-Ahmadi mosques or public prayer rooms, performing the Muslim <a href="/wiki/Adhan" title="Adhan">call to prayer</a>, using the traditional Islamic greeting in public, publicly quoting from the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>, preaching in public, seeking converts, or producing, publishing, and disseminating their religious materials. These acts are punishable by imprisonment of up to three years.<sup id="cite_ref-globalsecurity_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalsecurity-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ordinance XX and the 1974 amendment to the constitution effectively gave the state the exclusive right to determine the meaning of the term "Muslim" within Pakistan. </p><p>Many Ahmadis were arrested within days of the promulgation of this ordinance, and it gave way for widespread sanctioned as well as non-sanctioned persecution. </p><p>In 1986 it was supplemented by a new <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a> provision<sup id="cite_ref-Act_III_of_1986_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Act_III_of_1986-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also applied to Ahmadis.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shab_Qadar_incident">Shab Qadar incident</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Shab Qadar incident"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Shab Qadar incident</b> was a public <a href="/wiki/Stoning" title="Stoning">stoning</a> of two members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in the town of Shab Qadar, in the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>, Pakistan in April 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-amn_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amn-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. Rashid Ahmad and his son-in law, Riaz Ahmad Khan, were attacked as they were about to attend a court hearing in Shab Qadar. As they entered the court premises, a violent mob incited by local clerics attacked the men with sticks and stones. Riaz Khan was <a href="/wiki/Stoning" title="Stoning">stoned to death</a> and his dead body stripped and dragged through the town on a rope. Rashid Ahmad was taken to a hospital in <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a> with serious injuries. A third Ahmadi, advocate Bashir Ahmad, escaped unhurt.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This murder took place in front of the police. Riaz Khan even asked a police officer for help, but instead of helping, the officer pushed him away.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Amnesty International, the police "stood and watched", and "...later pleaded that they could not have intervened in a situation like that." No one was detained or criminally charged for the killing. <sup id="cite_ref-amn_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amn-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The victims—senior Ahmadiyya community members from Peshawar—had come from the provincial capital to file a bail application for another Ahmadi Muslim, Daulat Khan. Daulat Khan had been harassed following his conversion to the sect. Local Muslim clergy reportedly called for his death. Daulat Khan had been arrested and imprisoned on 5 April 1995 under sections 107 (abetment) and 151 (<a href="/wiki/Breach_of_the_peace" title="Breach of the peace">disturbing the peace</a> by joining in <a href="/wiki/Unlawful_assembly" title="Unlawful assembly">unlawful assembly</a>) of the Penal Code. After the lynching of Rashid Ahmad and Riaz Ahmad Khan, Daulat Khan remained in custody and was further charged with posing as a Muslim and preaching Ahmadiyyat (section 298 C of the Penal Code) and insulting the religious sentiments of Muslims (section 295 A).<sup id="cite_ref-amn_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amn-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000">2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 30 October 2000, gunmen opened fire at an Ahmadiyya prayer meeting in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Pakistani province of Punjab</a>, killing at least five worshippers and wounding another seven.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005">2005</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2005"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2005_attack_on_Ahmadi_mosque_in_Mandi_Bahauddin" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 attack on Ahmadi mosque in Mandi Bahauddin">2005 attack on Ahmadi mosque in Mandi Bahauddin</a></div> <p>In a 2005 survey in Pakistan, pupils in private schools of Pakistan expressed their opinions on religious tolerance in the country. The figures assembled in the study reflect that even in the educated classes of Pakistan, Ahmadis are considered to be the least deserving minority in terms of equal opportunities and civil rights. In the same study, the teachers in these elite schools showed an even lower amount of tolerance towards Ahmadis than their pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmadis are harassed by certain schools, universities and teachers in Pakistan's Punjab province. The harassment includes social boycott, expulsions, threats and violence against Ahmadi students by extremist students, teachers and principals of the majority sect.<sup id="cite_ref-dawn-lightning_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawn-lightning-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 October 2005, masked gunmen with <a href="/wiki/Kalashnikov_rifle" title="Kalashnikov rifle">Kalashnikov rifles</a> stormed a mosque belonging to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in a village called <a href="/wiki/Mong,_Punjab" title="Mong, Punjab">Mong</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mandi_Bahauddin" title="Mandi Bahauddin">Mandi Bahauddin</a>, shooting dead eight people and wounding 14.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008">2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two prominent members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community were murdered on 8 and 9 September 2008 after a program by <a href="/wiki/Aamir_Liaquat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aamir Liaquat">Aamir Liaquat Hussain</a> provoking people to kill Ahmadis was aired on a prominent Pakistani television channel <a href="/wiki/Geo_TV" title="Geo TV">Geo TV</a> a day earlier on 7 September.<sup id="cite_ref-Asian_Human_Rights_Commission_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asian_Human_Rights_Commission-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-archives.dawn.com_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archives.dawn.com-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2009">2009</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the year 2009, eleven Ahmadis were killed, while numerous others became victims of attempted killings, according to a report titled "Persecution of Ahmadis in Pakistan during the year 2009" published by Nazarat Umoor-e-Aama Sadr Anjuman Ahmadia Pakistan. The report claimed that the actions of "Ahmadi opponents" had been encouraged largely by the prejudiced attitude of the authorities, and alleged that the federal government had been in denial of the human rights and religious freedom of the Ahmadis, especially the governments of Punjab and Azad <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010">2010</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>28 May 2010 saw the worst single incident of violence against Ahmadis to date (see <a href="/wiki/May_2010_attacks_on_Ahmadi_mosques_in_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2010 attacks on Ahmadi mosques in Lahore">May 2010 attacks on Ahmadi mosques in Lahore</a>), when several members of an extremist religious group (allegedly <a href="/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan#Tehreek-e-Taliban_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan">Tehrik-i-Taliban Punjab</a>) entered two Ahmadi mosques in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> and opened fire; three of them later detonated themselves. In total, the attacks claimed the lives of 86 people and injured well over 100.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The members were gathered in the mosques attending Friday services.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the attacks, Pakistan minister for minorities <a href="/wiki/Shahbaz_Bhatti" title="Shahbaz Bhatti">Shahbaz Bhatti</a> visited the Ahmadi community.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <dl><dt>April</dt></dl> <p>Around 10 pm on 1 April 2010, three Ahmadis were returning home in their vehicle from their jewellery and cloth shops situated in Rail Bazaar in Faisalabad. As their car approached the Canal Road near Faisal Hospital, four or five unidentified militants in a white car ambushed them. The three Ahmadis were seriously injured when the men opened fire at them. The attackers managed to flee from the scene. The three men died before they reached the hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>May Lahore attacks</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/May_2010_Lahore_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2010 Lahore attacks">May 2010 Lahore attacks</a></div> <p>On 28 May 2010, two mosques in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> belonging to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community were attacked by the <a href="/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan">Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan Punjab Wing</a> (Punjabi Taliban). The attacks were carried out nearly simultaneously at Mosque Darul Al Zikr, Garhi Shahu and Mosque Bait Al Noor <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Model_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Model Town">Lahore Model Town</a>, 15 km apart. More than 90 people were killed and 108 were injured in the incident. One attacker was killed; another was captured by worshipers.<sup id="cite_ref-Jajja_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jajja-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three days later militants attacked the Intensive Care Unit of Lahore's Jinnah Hospital, where victims and one of the alleged attackers were under treatment. Twelve people, mostly police officers and hospital staff, were killed in the shootout. The assailants escaped.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pakistani government did nothing to prevent this; as of yet they have not set up protection for Ahmadis.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 28 May 2013 the two attackers captured had not been prosecuted, but early in 2015 courts took up the case and proceeded with sentencing.<sup id="cite_ref-Jajja_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jajja-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HRW-procecute_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-procecute-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NewsweekP_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewsweekP-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 May 2010, an Ahmadi was stabbed to death and his son seriously injured when an assailant climbed the wall of their house with a dagger and attacked them. The son later died in hospital from serious wounds. The attacker escaped. Residents say that the assailant threatened to not leave any Ahmadi alive after having found motivation to kill them through a sermon given by a local Sunni cleric.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>September</dt></dl> <p>On 3 September 2010, an Ahmadiyya Mosque in Mardan was attacked during Friday Prayers by a terrorist when he opened fire at the Ahmadi guards there on duty. The guards fired back, injuring him. He threw grenades inside the mosque and later detonated his suicidal vest. The attack left one Ahmadi dead and three injured.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011">2011</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 7 September 2011, the mainstream <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Jang" title="Daily Jang">Daily Jang</a></i> published a special edition against Ahmadis.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the year, Ahmadi students and teachers in the Pakistan's Punjab province have been systematically persecuted by schools and universities. The harassment has included social boycott, expulsions, threats and violence by students, teachers and principals of the Muslim majority sect.<sup id="cite_ref-dawn-lightning_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawn-lightning-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_education">In education</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ahmadi students faced discrimination in Pakistan in 2011 because of their faith.<sup id="cite_ref-dawn-lightning_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawn-lightning-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012">2012</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a>, Quranic verses were removed from Ahmadi graves by the police.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 December 2012, In Lahore over 100 tombstones at an Ahmadiyya graveyard in Lahore were desecrated in the early hours of Monday by masked gunmen, who specifically targeted graves with Islamic inscriptions. They proclaimed themselves members of a banned organisation, and said the Ahmadiyyas had no right to use Quranic verses on their gravestones, as they "are not Muslims".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) condemned the destruction of over 100 tombstones at an Ahmadi graveyard on Monday and demanded the arrests of those responsible.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anti-Ahmadiyya_sentiment_in_media">Anti-Ahmadiyya sentiment in media</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Anti-Ahmadiyya sentiment in media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a> existed in the <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Pakistan">Pakistani media</a>, causing them to start a hate campaign against Ahmadis.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013">2013</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2013"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>7 January 2013:</b> Four Ahmadi employees of Black Arrow Printing Press accused of publishing allegedly blasphemous books, were arrested as they loaded a small truck with thousands of books and CDs.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>26 March 2013:</b> Local clerics attacked a house belonging to an Ahmadi family in the Shamsabad, a village of Kasur district of Punjab on Tuesday and subjected the family members to violence allegedly over their religious belief.<sup id="cite_ref-tribune.com.pk_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribune.com.pk-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five members of Mansoor's family tried to take refuge in a room but the mob broke into the room as well. Mansoor was severely <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">tortured</a>, after which he lost consciousness, while his wife and his 70-year-old uncle were also beaten. Police personnel were reportedly present at the spot but took no action against the mob.<sup id="cite_ref-tribune.com.pk_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribune.com.pk-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>International Human Rights Commission Punjab Director General Munawar Ali Shahid said, "Several people here have told me that the Ahmadis had been socially boycotted for long. Police have taken no action to stop violence against them.".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>30 April 2013:</b> In Lahore, Gulshan-i-Ravi police arrested seven members of the Ahmadi community on Monday without an FIR, after close to 300 people protested in front of what was described as a place of worship of the community. A woman and her 10-year-old son were also arrested No, although no female members of the police accompanied them.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>8 May 2013:</b> Members of the Khatm-e-Nabuwat Lawyers Forum (KNLF) (anti-Ahmadi activists) and police dragged five members of the Ahmadi community from an anti-terrorist court to a police station and detained them for several hours.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014">2014</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2014"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>May 2014</b>: American-Canadian Doctor Mehdi Ali Qamar, was gunned down in <a href="/wiki/Rabwah" title="Rabwah">Rabwah</a> while visiting Punjab, Pakistan to help train local doctors.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 100 Ahmadiyas took refuge in China after their lives were in danger in Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Three members of the same family including one woman and two minors were killed and nine other people were injured when an angry mob set a house on fire in Arafat Colony, Gujranwala.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>On 27 July 2014 in <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, a mob in an alleged case of <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a> set fire to five houses belonging to the minority <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> community in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Three female Ahmadis were killed, including an eight-month-old and a seven-year-old girl. The attack was sparked by a <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> post.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Extremist" class="mw-redirect" title="Extremist">Extremists</a> gathered outside a number of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadi Muslim</a> homes in <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a> in order to protest after an Ahmadi Muslim was accused of posting blasphemous material of the <a href="/wiki/Ka%27ba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka'ba">Ka'ba</a> on the social networking site Facebook. Soon the protest took the shape of violence and the homes of Ahmadi Muslims were burnt, ransacked and looted. At the same time, the extremists obstructed the <a href="/wiki/Fire_brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire brigade">fire brigades</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ambulance" title="Ambulance">ambulances</a>. Eight homes belonging to the Ahmadi Muslims were burnt down. In total three female Ahmadi Muslims including an eight-month and a seven-year-old girl died due to suffocation. Another seventh month pregnant woman suffered a miscarriage. Moreover, eight Ahmadi Muslims suffered injuries and were treated for burns at a nearby hospital. Although the police were present, they did little to stop the violence.<sup id="cite_ref-press_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-press-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015">2015</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2015"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">2015 Jhelum attacks</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Jhelum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Jhelum.svg/220px-Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Jhelum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Jhelum.svg/330px-Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Jhelum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Jhelum.svg/440px-Pakistan_-_Punjab_-_Jhelum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="883" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Jhelum District, Pakistan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab</a>, Pakistan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">20–21 November 2015</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">Arson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr></tbody></table><p> On the Friday evening of 20 November 2015, a large mob, in an alleged case of <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a>, torched down a <a href="/wiki/Particle_board" title="Particle board">chipboard</a> factory, in <a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a>, Punjab, Pakistan. Ahmadi Muslim employees were accused of desecrating the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>. The following day, rioters gathered in <a href="/wiki/Kala_Gujran" title="Kala Gujran">Kala Gujran</a>, a town bordering Jhelum, and burned an Ahmadiyya mosque and a number of homes belonging to Ahmadi Muslims. Although no casualties have been reported, Ahmadi Muslims have been arrested, against whom a blasphemy case has been registered.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016">2016</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2016"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A mob of around 1,000 people besieged an Ahmadi place of worship in Chakwal and had to be dispersed by police. Deputy Commissioner Chakwal Mahmood Javed Bhatti said the mob hurled stones and bricks at the place of worship before storming the building, adding that gunmen opened fire on Ahmadis in the area. The DC said that police dispersed the crowd and secured the building.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017">2017</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2017"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an address to the National Assembly, Captain Safdar Awan, the son-in-law of deposed PM Nawaz Sharif, demanded strict restrictions against Ahmadis, calling for complete curbs on Ahmadis in government, army, and private employment. He similarly questioned whether Ahmadis could be loyal to Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 October 2017, 3 Ahmadis were sentenced to death for blasphemy after tearing down posters that allegedly contained anti-Ahmadi slogans, though prosecutors argued the posters carried religious significance.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 October, an anti-Ahmadi rally attracted 10,000 people where Ahmadis were denounced as "infidels" and "enemies of the state". After a row regarding barriers to Ahmadi's participation in elections, the Pakistani government took out ads reaffirming a religious oath requiring elected officials to vow that they do not follow anyone claiming to be a prophet after Mohammad and "nor do I belong to the Qadiani group", using a common derogatory term for Ahmadis.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018">2018</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2018"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Twelfth_Amendment">Azad Jammu and Kashmir Twelfth Amendment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Azad Jammu and Kashmir Twelfth Amendment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 6 February 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly</a> approved an amendment declaring Ahmadis to be non-Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="February">February</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 8 March 2018, Islamabad's High Court issued a judgement against Ahmadi Muslims and minorities which resulted in four major incidents against Ahmadis in Pakistan. The High Court ordered all citizens applying for any type of government job to declare their religious beliefs. Western human rights organisations have stated that this order is an attack on persecuted minorities in Pakistan, as well as a method to intercept Ahmadi politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="May">May</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 24 May 2018, a mob of several hundred people in <a href="/wiki/Sialkot" title="Sialkot">Sialkot</a>, Pakistan attacked and demolished a historic and culturally significant 100-year-old Ahmadi mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reports of collusion between the mob and local government officials were published, but police denied such accusations. A video on social media showed a crowd cheering on a local cleric who stated "I want to thank the Sialkot administration, the DPO (District Police Officer), DC (District Commissioner), the TMA (Town Municipal Corporation), from the bottom of my heart". The US, UK and international community strongly condemned this attack.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="June">June</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 27 June 2018, in a hate crime linked to the 8 March High Court judgement, an Ahmadi was killed in Nishtar Colony, Lahore.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July">July</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 July 2018, five Ahmadi citizens in Karachi, Pakistan were shot in two incidents of hate crime. Three were injured and two were killed. In the first attack, an Ahmadi couple were attacked in their home, the wife was shot in the thigh by attackers. In the second attack, Mubeen Ahmed, 20, was killed by robbers entering his office, and two colleagues were injured.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="August">August</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 24 August, the second day of Eid, an Ahmadi Mosque in Ghaseetpura, <a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a> was burnt down, resulting in 30 people being injured out of which 6 were Ahmadi. Reports suggest that the violence was initiated due to a "petty dispute" over roosters.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019">2019</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 2019"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 25 October, parts of a historic 70-year-old Ahmadi Mosque in the Murad District of <a href="/wiki/Bahawalpur" title="Bahawalpur">Bahawalpur</a> was demolished without notice and the Ahmadis who recorded it were charged by Police. The demolition was led by Mohammad Tayyab, Assistant Commissioner of <a href="/wiki/Hasilpur" title="Hasilpur">Hasilpur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020">2020</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July_2">July</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 July, an Ahmadi graveyard in Chak No-79 Nawa Kot, <a href="/wiki/Sheikhupura_District" title="Sheikhupura District">District Sheikhupura</a> was vandalised where Ahmadi graves were desecrated.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 and 14 July, Ahmadi graves were desecrated by police following a protest by religious extremists in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirigri_village&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tirigri village (page does not exist)">Tirigri village</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="August_2">August</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early August, a 61-year old man was murdered in <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October">October</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the start of the month, on 5 October, an Ahmadi doctor was murdered in <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a> by a gunman.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Mid October, a group of people, which included the head of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Youth_State_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Youth State Parliament (page does not exist)">Youth State Parliament</a> of Pakistan, desecrated a portrait of <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on in the month, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Business_Administration,_Karachi" title="Institute of Business Administration, Karachi">Institute of Business Administration</a> had decided to cancel an online lecture hosted by <a href="/wiki/Atif_Mian" title="Atif Mian">Atif Mian</a>, an Ahmadi economist, due to threats received from extremists.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="November">November</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 9, an 82-year old man was killed by a gunman at a bus terminal.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 20, a teenager in <a href="/wiki/Nankana_Sahib" title="Nankana Sahib">Nankana Sahib</a> opened fire on a family while they offering prayers resulting in the death of a doctor while injuring three other family members.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023">2023</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: 2023"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April">April</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2023, an Ahmadi lawyer in Karachi was arrested and charged under Pakistan's anti-Ahmadiyya laws for using "Syed" in his name, a title traditionally associated with the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. The lawyer, despite holding a valid legal practice license, was accused of impersonation and was charged under sections of the Pakistan Penal Code that specifically target the Ahmadiyya community. This incident sparked outrage among human rights organizations, which condemned the continued persecution of Ahmadis in Pakistan, particularly through the misuse of blasphemy laws and other discriminatory legal provisions.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024">2024</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: 2024"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="June_2">June</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early June, an 18-year old murdered two Ahmadis, a 60-year old and 30-year old Ahmadi from <a href="/wiki/Mandi_Bahauddin" title="Mandi Bahauddin">Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab</a>, in a targeted killing.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Eid-ul-Adha">Eid-ul-Adha</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Eid-ul-Adha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ahead of the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a> festival, the Ahmadiyya community faced an increase in persecution from fundamentalist groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Tehreek-e-Labbaik_Pakistan" title="Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan">TLP</a> pressuring local authorities to take preemptive measures. Three members of the community were kept in a "preventive detention" for 30 days, demanding a written order that they would not sacrifice animals.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Eid day, an Ahmadi mosque was attacked in <a href="/wiki/Kotli,_Azad_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotli, Azad Kashmir">Kotli, Azad Kashmir</a> by a mob of more than 50 individuals which had opened fire and had destroyed the minarets and arch of the mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="August_3">August</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mubarak Sani in the recent history of Ahmadi persecution in Pakistan case garnered attention following his arrest and subsequent legal battles under the Punjab Holy Quran (Printing and Recording) (Amendment) Act of 2021. Sani was accused of distributing a religious text associated with the Ahmadiyya community, which led to his imprisonment for over a year. In February 2024, the Supreme Court of Pakistan granted him bail, a decision that sparked outrage among Islamist groups. </p><p>The court's initial ruling included observations on religious freedom that were later expunged due to intense pressure from religious hardliners. These groups, including prominent clerics and political figures, argued that the court's decision undermined the constitutional provisions concerning the finality of prophethood—a core issue for many in Pakistan. Under duress, the Supreme Court revised its verdict, removing the paragraphs, which were then declared unusable as a judicial precedent.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persecution_of_Ahmadi_students">Persecution of Ahmadi students</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Persecution of Ahmadi students"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ahmadi students have faced extremist persecutions because of their faith in most popular universities and colleges of Pakistan including <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sargodha" title="University of Sargodha">University of Sargodha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 September 2022 a school in Punjab's Attock district on Friday expelled four Ahmadi students over their confession.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Other countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Afghanistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Afghanistan" title="Ahmadiyya in Afghanistan">Ahmadiyya in Afghanistan</a></div> <p>Persecution of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadis_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadis in Afghanistan">Ahmadis in Afghanistan</a> began in the early 20th century within the lifetime of Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the movement. Abdur Rahman, a disciple of <a href="/wiki/Sahibzada_Abdul_Latif" title="Sahibzada Abdul Latif">Sayyid Abdul Latif</a> of <a href="/wiki/Khost" title="Khost">Khost</a>—a reputable religious scholar who was the tutor and adviser on religious affairs to the Prince (later Amir) <a href="/wiki/Habibullah_Khan" title="Habibullah Khan">Habibullah Khan</a>—visited <a href="/wiki/Qadian" title="Qadian">Qadian</a> upon the latter's instruction. Having stayed there in the company of Ghulam Ahmad for some time and having pledged allegiance to him he returned to Afghanistan where he began preaching against the common notion of Jihad as war. This information eventually reached the King, Amir <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a>, who had him arrested and he was later strangled to death while in prison. It is not clear however whether this was a state-sanctioned execution or simply murder. He is considered the first martyr of Ahmadiyya Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About two years later, Abdul Latif himself visited Qadian before starting on the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">hajj</a> (pilgrimage to Mecca) and stayed there for a few months also joining the Ahmadiyya movement before returning to Afghanistan in 1903 to proselytise to his King, Amir Habibullah Khan. Upon reaching Khost, he wrote to some courtiers who decided to have him arrested and brought to <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>. He was put to trial and examined, first by the Amir, then by Sirdar Nasrallah Khan, another leading cleric, and then by a jury of twelve religious clerics, only two of whom gave a verdict of apostasy against him which carried the death penalty in Afghanistan. The Amir thus charged him with apostasy.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 July 1903, after being repeatedly asked to renounce his beliefs and recant and refusing to do so, he was stoned to death before a large crowd. Frank A. Martin, the English Engineer-in-Chief to the government of Afghanistan at the time, who had witnessed the execution, giving an account of it in his book <i>Under the Absolute Amir</i>, writes: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Before being led away from the Amir's presence to be killed, the moullah [Abdul Latif] prophesied that a great calamity would overtake the country, and that both the Amir and the Sirdar would suffer. About nine o'clock at night the day the moullah was killed, a great storm of wind suddenly rose and raged with violence for half an hour, and then stopped as suddenly as it came. Such a wind at night was altogether unusual, so the people said that this was the passing of the soul of the Moullah. Then cholera came, and, according to former outbreaks, another visitation was not due for four years to come, and this was also regarded as part of the fulfillment of the moullah's prophecy, and hence the great fear of the Amir and the prince, who thought they saw in all this their own death and it accounts also for the prince losing control of himself when his favourite wife died.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Frank A. Martin, <i>Under the Absolute Amir</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4304-9488-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4304-9488-1">978-1-4304-9488-1</a>, p. 204</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Ahmadis see in the cholera epidemic that Kabul experienced within a month of the stoning, a sign of his and the movement's truth.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1920s, nearly ten Ahmadis were stoned to death in Afghanistan<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is reported that a total of about three Ahmadis had been executed in Kabul during this period.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the 1920s, King <a href="/wiki/Amanullah_Khan" title="Amanullah Khan">Amanullah Khan</a> had several Ahmadiyya members forcibly reverted, and in 1924 affiliation with the Ahmadiyya became a capital offense.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, no Ahmadiyya Muslims have been reported in Afghanistan, but a possibility of their existence remains.<sup id="cite_ref-Friedmann_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedmann-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algeria">Algeria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Algeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Algeria" title="Ahmadiyya in Algeria">Ahmadiyya in Algeria</a></div> <p>In March 2016, Algerian authorities refused an attempt by Ahmadis to register as an association under Algerian law. In June 2016, a planned Ahmadi mosque was raided and shut down in Larbraa. Since March 2016, more than 280 Ahmadis have been arrested and have faced prosecution. Algerian officials have publicly called Ahmadis heretics and a threat to Algeria. In June 2016, The Minister of Religious Affairs and Endowments, Mohamed Aissa, described Ahmadi presence in Algeria as part of a "prepared sectarian invasion". In February 2017, he stated that Ahmadis are "not Muslim". In April 2017, Ahmed Ouyahia, President Abdelaziz Bouteflika's chief of cabinet called on Algerians to "preserve the country from the Shia and Ahmadiyya sects".<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Bangladesh" title="Ahmadiyya in Bangladesh">Ahmadiyya in Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bangladesh#Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Freedom of religion in Bangladesh">Freedom of religion in Bangladesh § Persecution of Ahmadis</a></div> <p>In Bangladesh, Ahmadis have been targeted by various protests and acts of violence, and fundamentalist Islamic groups have demanded that Ahmadis be officially declared <i><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">kafirs</a></i> (infidels).<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some adherents of Ahmadiyya have been subject to "house arrest" and several have been killed. In late 2003 several large, violent marches, led by Moulana Moahmud Hossain Mumtazi, were directed to occupy an Ahmadi mosque. In 2004, all Ahmadiyya publications were banned.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 12 February 2019 Ahmadiyya Muslim community is attacked by Radical Islamist group in Bangladesh. ISIS claimed the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2023_2">2023</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: 2023"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March of 2023, the Ahmadiyya Muslim community's annual convention, the <a href="/wiki/Jalsa_Salana" title="Jalsa Salana">Jalsa Salana</a>, in Ahmednagar and <a href="/wiki/Panchagarh_District" title="Panchagarh District">Panchagarh</a> was attacked by anti-Ahmadi protestors in <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. The protestors, who demanded a ban on activities carried out by the community, clashed with the police and were met with rubber bullets and tear gas.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clash resulted in approximately 30-50 people injured as well as two deaths,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the protestors also looted several shops and around 20 homes belonging to Ahmadis, were also vandalised.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some journalists who attempted to report on the situation were also injured in the clash.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initial reports indicated that homes were not only vandalised but at least 20 to 25 were torched and the community decided to call of the event.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A hate campaign was also being propagated in order to instigate further attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belarus">Belarus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Belarus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Belarus" title="Islam in Belarus">Islam in Belarus</a></div> <p>In 2007, the Ahmadiyya Muslims were banned from practising their faith openly in the state of <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> and given a similar status to other banned religious groups in the country. Unable to obtain state registration, Ahmadi Muslims in the country who number about 30 including 13 native Belarusians, cannot conduct their activities formally as a collectivity such as importing or distributing literature, gathering together for prayers or meetings and having an official representative.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamophobia in Belgium">Islamophobia in Belgium</a></div> <p>In 2011 the far right party <a href="/wiki/Vlaams_Belang" title="Vlaams Belang">Vlaams Belang</a> organized a demonstration against the projected building of an Ahmadi mosque in the <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> municipality of <a href="/wiki/Uccle" title="Uccle">Uccle</a>, allegedly out of fear for a "war of religions" between radical Sunnis and Ahmadis in the streets of the municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Bulgaria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, persistent attempts were made in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> by a local prosecutor and the national state Religious Affairs Directorate to strip Ahmadi Muslims of their legal status. Ahmadis in Bulgaria, who (at the time) claimed some 400 members across the country, were refused registration as a religious community on the grounds that they were "against the religions that people follow here" and that "other countries—such as Pakistan—also attack the religious freedom of Ahmadis, who are considered to be heretical by many Muslims". Failing to obtain a legal status, the Ahmadiyya community decided to seek registration as a non-commercial organisation with the Blagoevgrad Regional Court, where one of its biggest congregations is based. This too was rejected on the grounds that "the community had been denied registration as a religion" and that "only registered religious communities are allowed to create non-commercial entities to promote their faith". However, the community was able to successfully challenge this latter decision and gained registration as such in December 2005. Subsequently, their legal status as a non-commercial organisation was again opposed by the Religious Affairs Directorate and the Regional Prosecutor's Office lodged a suit to the regional court calling for it to revoke the registration. The Bulgarian authorities citied the Pakistani government's legal measures against the Ahmadis as a reason to restrict their rights also. Most human rights and religious freedom activists have seen this denial of registration to the Ahmadi community as an exception.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burkina_Faso">Burkina Faso</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Burkina Faso"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 11 January 2023, an Ahmadi mosque, located in the northeast of <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, was attacked by Jihadists which led to the execution of 9 worshippers.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Egypt" title="Ahmadiyya in Egypt">Ahmadiyya in Egypt</a></div> <p>There has been a recent rise of persecution of Ahmadis in Egypt. In March 2010, nine Ahmadis were detained for allegedly insulting Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gambia">Gambia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Gambia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_the_Gambia" title="Ahmadiyya in the Gambia">Ahmadiyya in the Gambia</a></div> <p>Since its earliest history in the Gambia in the 1950s, Ahmadis have continued to face resistance and religious intolerance from certain Muslim clerics and Islamic bodies in the country. More recently, in 2014, a leading Gambian Muslim cleric, Alhaji Abdoulie Fatty, who was also the Imam of the <a href="/wiki/State_House_of_the_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="State House of the Gambia">State House of the Gambia</a> at that time, called for the expulsion of Ahmadi Muslims from the country. Having described Ahmadi Muslims as non-Muslims, he called for a ban on the propagation of Ahmadiyya teachings in the Gambia.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2015, the government-financed <a href="/wiki/Gambia_Supreme_Islamic_Council" title="Gambia Supreme Islamic Council">Gambia Supreme Islamic Council</a> aired on state television and other state and print media its decision to declare the Community, as a non-Muslim group.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The move was condemned by Baba Trawally, the Ameer (National President) of the Gambian Ahmadiyya community and Demba Ali Jawo, former president of the <a href="/wiki/Gambia_Press_Union" title="Gambia Press Union">Gambia Press Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In India, Ahmadis are Muslims by law. This is supported by a verdict from the <a href="/wiki/Kerala_High_Court" title="Kerala High Court">Kerala High Court</a> on 8 December 1970 in the case of <i>Shihabuddin Imbichi Koya Thangal vs K.P. Ahammed Koya</i>, citation <i>A.I.R. 1971 Ker 206</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-hoque_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoque-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this landmark ruling, the court determined that Ahmadis are Muslims and that they cannot be declared apostates by other Muslim sects because they hold true to the two fundamental beliefs of Islam: that there is no god but <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> and that <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> is a messenger of God.<sup id="cite_ref-ik-1400223_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ik-1400223-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were two similar judicial pronouncement that happened in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonial India</a> that is the 1916 <a href="/wiki/Patna_High_Court" title="Patna High Court">Patna High Court</a> verdict on <i>Hakim Khalil Ahmad v Malik Israfi case</i> and the 1922 <a href="/wiki/Madras_High_Court" title="Madras High Court">Madras High Court</a> verdict on <i>Narantakath Avullah v. Parakkal Mammu case.</i> The <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> counsel on both these cases was <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zafarullah_Khan" title="Muhammad Zafarullah Khan">Muhammad Zafarullah Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Ahmadis are considered Muslims by law and there are no legal restrictions on their religious activities,<sup id="cite_ref-hoque_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoque-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they are not permitted by fellow Muslims of other sects to sit on the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Muslim_Personal_Law_Board" title="All India Muslim Personal Law Board">All India Muslim Personal Law Board</a>, a body of religious leaders that the Indian government recognizes as representative of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">Indian Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most prominent holy place of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyyas</a>, the birth place of founder <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a> is situated in <a href="/wiki/Qadian" title="Qadian">Qadian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurdaspur_district" title="Gurdaspur district">Gurdaspur district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab, India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2008_2">2008</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ahmadis were denied permission to meet in <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a> because of the protests from the Islamic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 August 2008 Islamic cleric named Maulvi Habib-ur-Rehman incited hatred for the people in a rally. On the night of 21/22 August 2008, three Ahmadis were attacked. Their properties were damaged. In all, six persons were attacked.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2009_2">2009</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: 2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, the body of a 36-year-old Ahmadi woman of the community was exhumed and desecrated by "anti-social elements" from a graveyard. at Royapettah on 1 June. Ahmadis alleged the police intervention in this issue. They did a press conference. They told the detailed of the incident and persecution faced by Islamic clerics. <a href="/wiki/Madras_High_Court" title="Madras High Court">Madras High Court</a> has ruled that Ahmadis are Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslims led by Shahi Imam Habib-ur-Rehman Sani protested against <a href="/wiki/Jalsa_Salana" title="Jalsa Salana">Jalsa Salana</a>. Muslims all across the state have joined hands in the protests. Indian finance minister <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> was likely to attend the Jalsa Salana. Muslims damaged his office and blocked the traffic for stopping the annual convention of Ahmadis. Police imposed <a href="/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew">curfew</a> for three days. Many people were injured and one <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> died. When the convention was held, the protestors presented anti-Ahmadiyya document to the chief commissioner to be forwarded to <a href="/wiki/Prakash_Singh_Badal" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakash Singh Badal">Prakash Singh Badal</a>. The protest was organized in all the big mosques of Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2010_2">2010</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: 2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islamic clerics threatened the <a href="/wiki/Mayawati" title="Mayawati">Mayawati</a> government to remove mentions of the Ahmadiyya sect from the <a href="/wiki/Syllabus" title="Syllabus">syllabus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2011_2">2011</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: 2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a> asked <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>'s government to ban Ahmadis from the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">hajj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">umrah</a>. The spokesperson said that Ahmadis do not believe in the finality prophethood therefore they cannot perform the hajj and umrah. They sent a letter to the government.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, Ahmadis faced protests from rival Muslim sects for attempting to preach their religion. They faced protests from the <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. <a href="/wiki/All_India_Muslim_Personal_Law_Board" title="All India Muslim Personal Law Board">All India Muslim Personal Law Board</a>'s members were also among the protesters. Ahmadis changed the timings of the convention. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maulana_Bukhari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maulana Bukhari (page does not exist)">Maulana Bukhari</a> and his protestors were detained in a police station for protesting against this.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2012_2">2012</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: 2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2012, the Andhra Pradesh Wakf Board took a series of unprecedented decisions and asked the qazis in the state not to perform <a href="/wiki/Nikah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikah">marriages</a> for those belonging to Ahmadiyya community.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, an anti-Ahmadiyya mob attacked the mosque and said to stop the prayers. They also threw stones at the mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2013_2">2013</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: 2013"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2013, the investigations done by <a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">National Investigation Agency</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodh Gaya bombings">Bodh Gaya bombings</a> it was revealed that <a href="/wiki/Indian_Mujahideen" title="Indian Mujahideen">Indian Mujahideen</a> planned a terror attack on <a href="/wiki/Qadian" title="Qadian">Qadian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Ahmadis in Indonesia">Persecution of Ahmadis in Indonesia</a></div> <p>In June 2008, a law was passed to curtail proselytising by Ahmadiyya members.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Ahmadiyya mosque was burned.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Human rights groups objected to the restrictions on religious freedom. On 6 February 2011 some Ahmadiyya members were killed at <a href="/wiki/Pandeglang" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandeglang">Pandeglang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a> province.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the past few years there has been an increase in attacks on religious freedom, including incidents of physical abuse, preventing groups from performing prayers, and burning their mosques. Data from the Setara Institute for Democracy and Peace show 17, 18, and 64 incidents for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the data cover persecution of all religions, the recent persecution of Ahmadis is significant and severe, followed by persecution of Christians and persecution of other Islamic sects who claim to be "genuine/pure/fundamentalist Muslims". </p><p>As of 2011, the sect faces widespread calls for a total "ban" in Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 February 2011, hundreds of mainstream Muslims surrounded an Ahmadiyya household and beat three people to death. Footage of the bludgeoning of their naked bodies—while policeman looked on—was posted on the internet and subsequently broadcast on international media.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2008_3">2008</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, many Muslims in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> protested against the Ahmadiyya movement. With violence and large demonstrations, these religious conservatives put pressure on the government to monitor, and harass the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public opinion in Indonesia is split in three ways on how Ahmadiyya should be treated: (a) some hold it should be banned outright on the basis that it is a heretical and deviant sect that is not listed as an officially recognised religion in Indonesia; (b) others hold that it should not be banned because of the freedom of religion article in the Constitution, but also should not be allowed to proselytise under the banner of "Islam" on the basis that this is misleading; (c) still others hold that it should be free to do and say as it pleases based on the Constitutional right to freedom of religion.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2008, a law was passed to curtail "proselytizing" by Ahmadiyya members.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="see WP:RSN (April 2015)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> An Ahmadiyya mosque was burned.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Human rights groups objected to the restrictions on religious freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A government decree adopted in 2008 under pressure from Islamic conservatives bans the sect from spreading its faith.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2010_3">2010</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: 2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2010, a mob of 200 Indonesians surrounded an Ahmadi mosque in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manislor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manislor (page does not exist)">Manislor</a> village in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuningan_district&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuningan district (page does not exist)">Kuningan district</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>. The mob pelted the mosque with stones before being dispersed by the police.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2011_3">2011</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: 2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 6 February 2011 three (originally reported as six, and later amended) Ahmadiyya members were killed at <a href="/wiki/Pandeglang" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandeglang">Pandeglang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a> province, in a clash between locals.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the government did instruct police to hunt the killers, it also called on Ahmadiyya to abide by the 2008 decree and stop spreading their belief.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2011 the prosecuting sought sentences of between five and seven months for the defendants, an act that caused outcry by rights activists.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The verdict given was between three and six months, slightly lighter than sought. This has trigger criticism from human right defenders and the international community including the US and the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, a Cikeusik Ahmadi leader, Deden Darmawan Sudjana, was also sentenced to six months in prison for physical abuse and acts against the state, refusing an order from a police officer who told him to leave the house.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A US State Department spokeswoman said they were "disappointed" with the verdict, while an activist of the New York–based <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, called it "the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Talibanization</a> of Indonesia".<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2009, the Selangor Islamic Religious Council of Malaysia issued a letter that forbade members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community from offering <a href="/wiki/Jumah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumah">Friday prayers</a> at their central mosque. Moreover, Ahmadis' failure to comply with the order would result in imprisonment of up to one year and/or a fine up to 3000 Malaysian <a href="/wiki/Ringgit" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringgit">ringgit</a>. A large notice outside the mosque states <i>Qadiani Bukan Agama Islam</i>, which translates to <i>Qadiani [Ahmadiyyat] is not Islam.</i><sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine">Palestine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Palestine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Palestine" title="Ahmadiyya in Palestine">Ahmadiyya in Palestine</a></div> <p>Ahmadis were reported to be persecuted in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>–controlled areas in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-it0706_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it0706-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_Sharif_Odeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammed Sharif Odeh (page does not exist)">Mohammed Sharif Odeh</a>, head of the Ahmadi community in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, told Arutz Sheva radio that the Palestinian Authority is "encouraging the cold-blooded murder of Ahmadis" by failing to take concrete action to protect the community.<sup id="cite_ref-it0706_190-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it0706-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Saudi Arabia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Ahmadiyya in Saudi Arabia">Ahmadiyya in Saudi Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia">Freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia</a></div> <p>Ahmadis are persecuted in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> on an ongoing basis.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2006–2007 nationwide campaign to track down and deport Ahmadi Muslim foreign workers, the Saudi religious police arrested 56–60 persons.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there are many foreign workers and Saudi citizens belonging to the Ahmadiyya sect in Saudi Arabia,<sup id="cite_ref-hrw2014_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw2014-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmadis are officially banned from entering the country and from performing the hajj and <a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">umrah</a> pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueira_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueira-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Böwering_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Böwering-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 January 2007, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> sent an open letter to the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi monarch</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">King Abdullah</a> asking him to cease religious persecution of the Ahmadi faith in Saudi Arabia. Two letters were sent in November 2006 and February 2007 asking him to remove the travel ban on critics of the Saudi government.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2012, Saudi authorities arrested two Saudi Sunni Muslim citizens for their conversion to Ahmadiyya Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were arrested three months after joining the Ahmadiyya and refusing to abandon their beliefs. As of May 2014, the two accused of apostasy had served two years in prison awaiting trial. They have not been released since then.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hrw2014_193-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw2014-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore">Singapore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Singapore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Ahmadis in Singapore">Persecution of Ahmadis in Singapore</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti_ahmadiyya_amendment_at_st_georges.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Anti_ahmadiyya_amendment_at_st_georges.jpg/220px-Anti_ahmadiyya_amendment_at_st_georges.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Anti_ahmadiyya_amendment_at_st_georges.jpg/330px-Anti_ahmadiyya_amendment_at_st_georges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Anti_ahmadiyya_amendment_at_st_georges.jpg/440px-Anti_ahmadiyya_amendment_at_st_georges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Banner from the Ahmadiyya community with Muslim crossed out</figcaption></figure> <p>Ahmadis in the UK have endured killings, mass protests by other Muslims against Ahmadi mosque construction,<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and threats and intimidation.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2016, the <a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister of Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Sturgeon" title="Nicola Sturgeon">Nicola Sturgeon</a>, attended the wake of an Ahmadi, Asad Shah, 40, killed by a Sunni, Tanveer Ahmed, 32, in what the police characterised as "religious prejudice".<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2016, leaflets calling for death to Ahmadis were found in Stockwell Green mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mosque claimed that it was unaware of the leaflets being placed on its premises. The leaflets were authored in the name of an ex-head, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yusuf_Ludhianvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Yusuf Ludhianvi">Yusuf Ludhianvi</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Khatme_Nubuwwat_Academy" title="Khatme Nubuwwat Academy">Khatme Nubuwwat Academy</a>—an anti-Ahmadiyya organization. The organization is fully known as Almi Majlis-e-Tahafuz Khatmi Nubuwat or the International Committee for the Protection of the Finality of Prophethood.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2009_3">2009</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: 2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2009 a demonstration consisting of mainly Muslims was held in <a href="/wiki/Walsall" title="Walsall">Walsall</a> to prevent Ahmadis acquiring a mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2010_4">2010</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: 2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The UK-based <a href="/wiki/Ummah_Channel" title="Ummah Channel">Ummah Channel</a> broadcast three interactive programmes against Ahmadis in the wake of <a href="/wiki/May_2010_attacks_on_Ahmadi_mosques_in_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2010 attacks on Ahmadi mosques in Lahore">Lahore massacre</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> criticized Ummah Channel for doing this.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/May_2010_attacks_on_Ahmadi_mosques_in_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2010 attacks on Ahmadi mosques in Lahore">May 2010 attacks</a> on two Ahmadi mosques in Lahore, Pakistan, members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community living in the UK were threatened and intimidated. Certain Muslim groups in <a href="/wiki/South_London" title="South London">South London</a> distributed leaflets asking readers to kill Ahmadis and boycott their businesses, and Ahmadi mosques in Crawley and Newham were vandalised. In October 2010 <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> criticised the UK-based Ummah Channel for broadcasting three interactive television programmes before and after the Lahore massacre of Ahmadi Muslims in May 2010, in which religious leaders and callers alike said that Ahmadis should be killed. These programmes were repeated several times. Ofcom stated that the programme's abusive treatment of the religious views and beliefs of members of the Ahmadiyya community breached UK broadcasting regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ahmadiyya_Debate_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmadiyya_Debate-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 United Kingdom general election</a> Nasser Butt, a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Democrat (United Kingdom)">Liberal Democrat</a> parliamentary candidate for <a href="/wiki/Tooting_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Tooting (UK Parliament constituency)">Tooting constituency</a>, was targeted by a campaign that asked Muslims not to vote for him because of his faith. In the election, hustings in the Tooting Islamic centre, a <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> candidate, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Clarke_(politician)" title="Mark Clarke (politician)">Mark Clarke</a>, was mistaken for Butt and had to be locked in a room for his safety.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Imam Suliman Gani, of the (Sunni) Tooting Islamic Centre, called for a boycott of Ahmadi shops, stating: "Since the Qadianis are routinely deceptive about their religion, there was a potential risk of Muslims being offered meat that wasn't necessarily halal."<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2016_2">2016</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: 2016"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Murder_of_Asad_Shah">Murder of Asad Shah</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Murder of Asad Shah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Asad_Shah" title="Murder of Asad Shah">Murder of Asad Shah</a></div> <p>In March 2016, an Ahmadi Scottish shopkeeper, Asad Shah, was stabbed to death in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> after wishing people a <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Happy Easter</a> on social media.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tanveer Ahmed was arrested for the crime and confessed, stating, "if I had not done this others would".<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Ahmadi anti-extremism campaign was launched in Glasgow, with attendance of Ahmadi Muslims, Christian, Sikh, and Jewish leaders, but no Muslims belonging to other sects.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The murderer pleaded guilty to the "religiously-motivated murder". Part of the family of the victim is emigrating away from Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Hate_leaflets">Hate leaflets</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Hate leaflets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2016, leaflets were distributed across London's universities, mosques and shopping centres, calling for the killing of Ahmadis. The leaflets were by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yusuf_Ludhianvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Yusuf Ludhianvi">Muhammad Yusuf Ludhianvi</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Khatme_Nubuwwat_Academy" title="Khatme Nubuwwat Academy">Khatme Nubuwwat organisation</a> on the front cover.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2017_2">2017</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: 2017"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2017, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/File_on_4" title="File on 4">File on 4</a></i> programme investigated the publication and broadcasting of anti-Ahmadiyya material in the UK, and asked when and whether media regulators should intervene.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_File_on_4_2017_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_File_on_4_2017-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2018_2">2018</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: 2018"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2019, amid Ahmadis' growing fears of persecution, UK-based Urdu-language TV station Channel 44 was fined £75,000 by <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> for anti-Ahmadi hate speech.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anti-Ahmadiyya_organisations">Anti-Ahmadiyya organisations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Anti-Ahmadiyya organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1973, the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (an organization of 57 member countries) declared that the Ahmadi movement was not linked to the Muslim faith.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Political groups associated with the persecution of the Ahmadis include the <a href="/wiki/Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam">Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_Prophets" title="Seal of the Prophets">Khatme Nabuwwat</a> movements<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme_Nabuwwat" title="Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat">Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzeem-e-Islami" title="Tanzeem-e-Islami">Tanzeem-e-Islami</a> and Tehreek-e-Khatme Nabuwwat), <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan">Jamaat-e-Islami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan">Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tehreek-i-Labbaik_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehreek-i-Labbaik Pakistan">Tehreek-i-Labbaik Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Islamic schools and branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_in_Pakistan" title="Religious discrimination in Pakistan">Religious discrimination in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_among_Muslims" title="Sectarian violence among Muslims">Sectarian violence among Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Sectarian violence in Pakistan">Sectarian violence in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadiani_Problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadiani Problem">Qadiani Problem</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhume2017" class="citation news cs1">Dhume, Sadanand (December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/pakistan-persecutes-a-muslim-minority-1512087028">"Pakistan Persecutes a Muslim Minority"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171202013140/https://www.wsj.com/articles/pakistan-persecutes-a-muslim-minority-1512087028">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Pakistan+Persecutes+a+Muslim+Minority&rft.date=2017-12&rft.aulast=Dhume&rft.aufirst=Sadanand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fpakistan-persecutes-a-muslim-minority-1512087028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timesonline.co.uk-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-timesonline.co.uk_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article4009445.ece">"The Ahmadi Muslim Community. Who are the Ahmadi Muslims and what do they believe? Waqar Ahmad Ahmedi gives a brief introduction to the Ahmadi branch of Islam."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080919230108/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article4009445.ece">Archived</a> 19 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Times Online</i>. 27 May 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaeem_Osman_Memon1994" class="citation book cs1">Naeem Osman Memon (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/3in1/chap2/index.html"><i>An Enemy a Disbeliever a Liar, Claims of Hadhrat Ahmad</i></a>. Islam International Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85372-552-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85372-552-8"><bdi>1-85372-552-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927020328/http://www.alislam.org/books/3in1/chap2/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Enemy+a+Disbeliever+a+Liar%2C+Claims+of+Hadhrat+Ahmad&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-85372-552-8&rft.au=Naeem+Osman+Memon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2F3in1%2Fchap2%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB.A_Rafiq1978" class="citation book cs1">B.A Rafiq (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/truth/reflection.html"><i>Truth about Ahmadiyyat, Reflection of all the Prophets</i></a>. London Mosque. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85525-013-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85525-013-5"><bdi>0-85525-013-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130315131142/http://www.alislam.org/books/truth/reflection.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Truth+about+Ahmadiyyat%2C+Reflection+of+all+the+Prophets&rft.pub=London+Mosque&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-85525-013-5&rft.au=B.A+Rafiq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Ftruth%2Freflection.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirza_Tahir_Ahmad1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Tahir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Tahir Ahmad">Mirza Tahir Ahmad</a> (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/revelationration00ahma"><i>Revelation Rationality Knowledge and Truth, Future of Revelation</i></a></span>. Islam International Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85372-640-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85372-640-0"><bdi>1-85372-640-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revelation+Rationality+Knowledge+and+Truth%2C+Future+of+Revelation&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-85372-640-0&rft.au=Mirza+Tahir+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frevelationration00ahma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLago2011" class="citation book cs1">Lago, Colin, ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9vREBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA312"><i>The Handbook of Transcultural Counselling and Psychotherapy</i></a>. UK: <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill Education">McGraw-Hill Education</a> (published 1 October 2011). p. 312. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780335238514" title="Special:BookSources/9780335238514"><bdi>9780335238514</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905205049/https://books.google.com/books?id=9vREBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA312&lpg=PA312">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Transcultural+Counselling+and+Psychotherapy&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=312&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780335238514&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9vREBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBedi2013" class="citation news cs1">Bedi, Manokriti (13 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Qurans-Punjabi-translation-flies-off-the-shelves/articleshow/25791298.cms">"Quran's Punjabi translation flies off the shelves"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180912003408/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Qurans-Punjabi-translation-flies-off-the-shelves/articleshow/25791298.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Quran%27s+Punjabi+translation+flies+off+the+shelves&rft.date=2013-11-13&rft.aulast=Bedi&rft.aufirst=Manokriti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fchandigarh%2FQurans-Punjabi-translation-flies-off-the-shelves%2Farticleshow%2F25791298.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTahana2010" class="citation news cs1">Tahana, Yvonne (14 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10638407">"Koran's message of unity shared in te reo translation"</a>. <i>The New Zealand Herald</i>. NZME Publishing, Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014847/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10638407">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Koran%27s+message+of+unity+shared+in+te+reo+translation&rft.date=2010-04-14&rft.aulast=Tahana&rft.aufirst=Yvonne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10638407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHovel2012" class="citation news cs1">Hovel, Revital (28 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/yiddish-koran-has-25th-birthday-1.5291959">"Muslim Sect Celebrates 25 Years Since Koran Translated into Yiddish"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. Haaretz Daily Newspaper Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180731001528/https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/yiddish-koran-has-25th-birthday-1.5291959">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Muslim+Sect+Celebrates+25+Years+Since+Koran+Translated+into+Yiddish&rft.date=2012-08-28&rft.aulast=Hovel&rft.aufirst=Revital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fjewish%2Fyiddish-koran-has-25th-birthday-1.5291959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8711026.stm">"Who are the Ahmadi?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. BBC. 28 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100530013220/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8711026.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+Ahmadi%3F&rft.date=2010-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F8711026.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theasa.org/conferences/asa04/panels/panel21.htm">"Localising Diaspora: the Ahmadi Muslims and the problem of multi-sited ethnography".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060819140154/http://www.theasa.org/conferences/asa04/panels/panel21.htm">Archived</a> 19 August 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Association of Social Anthropologists, 2004 conference panel.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 1998 Pakistani census states that there are 291,000 (0.22%) Ahmadis in Pakistan. However, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has boycotted the census since 1974 which renders official Pakistani figures to be inaccurate. Independent groups have estimated the Pakistani Ahmadiyya population to be somewhere between 2 million and 5 million Ahmadis. However, the 4 million figure is the most quoted figure. See: <ul><li>over 2 million: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49913b5f2c.html">"Pakistan: The situation of Ahmadis, including legal status and political, education and employment rights; societal attitudes toward Ahmadis (2006 – Nov. 2008)"</a>. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 4 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+The+situation+of+Ahmadis%2C+including+legal+status+and+political%2C+education+and+employment+rights%3B+societal+attitudes+toward+Ahmadis+%282006+%E2%80%93+Nov.+2008%29&rft.pub=Immigration+and+Refugee+Board+of+Canada&rft.date=2008-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fdocid%2F49913b5f2c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>3 million: International Federation for Human Rights: <i>International Fact-Finding Mission. Freedoms of Expression, of Association and of Assembly in Pakistan.</i> Ausgabe 408/2, Januar 2005, S. 61 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/pk408a-2.pdf">PDF</a>)</li> <li>3–4 million: Commission on International Religious Freedom: <i>Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom.</i> 2005, S. 130</li> <li>4.910.000: James Minahan: Encyclopedia of the stateless nations. Ethnic and national groups around the world. Greenwood Press . Westport 2002, page 52</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=IRBC&type=QUERYRESPONSE&coi=PAK&rid=&docid=45f1478f20&skip=0">"Pakistan: Situation of members of the Lahori Ahmadiyya Movement in Pakistan"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+Situation+of+members+of+the+Lahori+Ahmadiyya+Movement+in+Pakistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftexis%2Fvtx%2Frwmain%3Fpage%3Dcountry%26category%3D%26publisher%3DIRBC%26type%3DQUERYRESPONSE%26coi%3DPAK%26rid%3D%26docid%3D45f1478f20%26skip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-hoque-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hoque_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hoque_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hoque_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoque,_Ridwanul2004" class="citation news cs1">Hoque, Ridwanul (21 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/law/2004/03/03/index.htm">"On right to freedom of religion and the plight of Ahmadiyas"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531152751/http://www.thedailystar.net/law/2004/03/03/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=On+right+to+freedom+of+religion+and+the+plight+of+Ahmadiyas&rft.date=2004-03-21&rft.au=Hoque%2C+Ridwanul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Flaw%2F2004%2F03%2F03%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khan, Naveeda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthropology.jhu.edu/bin/i/d/Trespasses.pdf">"Trespasses of the State: Ministering to Theological Dilemmas through the Copyright/Trademark"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626215625/http://anthropology.jhu.edu/bin/i/d/Trespasses.pdf">Archived</a> 26 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Sarai Reader 2005: Bare Acts. p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010828025648/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/amendments/2amendment.html">"Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1974"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/amendments/2amendment.html">the original</a> on 28 August 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+%28Second+Amendment%29+Act%2C+1974&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pakistani.org%2Fpakistan%2Fconstitution%2Famendments%2F2amendment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The presentation before the parliament can be seen here: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan,_Naveeda2012" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Naveeda (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/urdu/pdf/Mahzarnama.pdf"><i>Mahzaharnama</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islam International Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85372-386-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85372-386-5"><bdi>978-1-85372-386-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mahzaharnama&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-85372-386-5&rft.au=Khan%2C+Naveeda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Furdu%2Fpdf%2FMahzarnama.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan,_Naveeda" class="citation web cs1">Khan, Naveeda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626215625/http://anthropology.jhu.edu/bin/i/d/Trespasses.pdf">"Trespasses of the State: Ministering to Theological Dilemmas through the Copyright/Trademark"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthropology.jhu.edu/bin/i/d/Trespasses.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trespasses+of+the+State%3A+Ministering+to+Theological+Dilemmas+through+the+Copyright%2FTrademark&rft.au=Khan%2C+Naveeda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanthropology.jhu.edu%2Fbin%2Fi%2Fd%2FTrespasses.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span> Sarai Reader 2005: Bare Acts. p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heiner Bielefeldt: "Muslim Voices in the Human Rights Debate", <i>Human rights quarterly</i>, 1995 vol. 17 no. 4 p. 587.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonio_R._Gualtieri1989" class="citation book cs1">Antonio R. Gualtieri (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwHaOabz7YC&pg=PA14"><i>Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadis and Orthodoxy in Pakistan</i></a>. Guernica Editions. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7"><bdi>978-0-920717-41-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conscience+and+Coercion%3A+Ahmadis+and+Orthodoxy+in+Pakistan&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Guernica+Editions&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-920717-41-7&rft.au=Antonio+R.+Gualtieri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiCwHaOabz7YC%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fmu.gov.pk/docs/laws/Pakistan%20Penal%20Code.pdf">"Pakistan Penal Code, Official Pakistani Government document Chap. XV "Of Offences Relating to Religion"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. 79–81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan+Penal+Code%2C+Official+Pakistani+Government+document+Chap.+XV+%22Of+Offences+Relating+to+Religion%22&rft.pages=79-81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmu.gov.pk%2Fdocs%2Flaws%2FPakistan%2520Penal%2520Code.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Uddin_2014-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Uddin_2014_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Uddin_2014_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUddin2014" class="citation book cs1">Uddin, Asma T. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k9TVCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81">"A Legal Analysis of Ahmadi Persecution in Pakistan"</a>. In Kirkham, David M. (ed.). <i>State Responses to Minority Religions</i>. Ashgate Inform Series on Minority Religions and Spiritual Movements. <a href="/wiki/Farnham" title="Farnham">Farnham, U.K.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington, Vermont</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>/<a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 81–98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4724-1647-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4724-1647-6"><bdi>978-1-4724-1647-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2013019344">2013019344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Legal+Analysis+of+Ahmadi+Persecution+in+Pakistan&rft.btitle=State+Responses+to+Minority+Religions&rft.place=Farnham%2C+U.K.+and+Burlington%2C+Vermont&rft.series=Ashgate+Inform+Series+on+Minority+Religions+and+Spiritual+Movements&rft.pages=81-98&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2FRoutledge&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2013019344&rft.isbn=978-1-4724-1647-6&rft.aulast=Uddin&rft.aufirst=Asma+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk9TVCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-globalsecurity-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-globalsecurity_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globalsecurity_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/islam-ahmadi.htm">"Ahmadiyya Islam."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090904122733/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/islam-ahmadi.htm">Archived</a> 4 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> GlobalSecurity.org. 26 April 2005. Retrieved 14 December 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hanif-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hanif_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanif2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Hanif" title="Mohammed Hanif">Hanif, Mohammed</a> (16 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/8744092.stm">"Why Pakistan's Ahmadi community is officially detested"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Why+Pakistan%27s+Ahmadi+community+is+officially+detested&rft.date=2010-06-16&rft.aulast=Hanif&rft.aufirst=Mohammed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fprogrammes%2Ffrom_our_own_correspondent%2F8744092.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-law.harvard.edu-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-law.harvard.edu_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/hrj/iss16/khan.shtml">"Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan: An Analysis Under International Law and International Relations".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090917163148/http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/hrj/iss16/khan.shtml">Archived</a> 17 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Harvard Human Rights Journal</i>, Vol 16, September 2003.<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4317998.stm">"Eight die in Pakistan sect attack"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090930094915/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4317998.stm">Archived</a> 30 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4131624.stm">"Sect offices closed in Pakistan"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402161927/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4131624.stm">Archived</a> 2 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uoit.ca-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uoit.ca_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rahman, Tariq: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uoit.ca/sas/Articles/DAW.pdf">"Denizens of Alien Worlds: A Survey of the Education System of Pakistan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070616161323/http://uoit.ca/sas/Articles/DAW.pdf">Archived</a> 16 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Contemporary South Asia, 2004. p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thdl.org/texts/reprints/pdsa/pdsa_01_01_04.pdf">Peace and Democracy in South Asia</a>, Volume 1, Number 1, January 2005. Passports to Privilege: The English-Medium Schools in Pakistan, Tariq Rahman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327094050/http://www.thdl.org/texts/reprints/pdsa/pdsa_01_01_04.pdf">Archived</a> 27 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammed_Hanif2010" class="citation news cs1">Mohammed Hanif (16 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/8744092.stm">"Why Pakistan's Ahmadi community is officially detested"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. London: <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522195647/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/8744092.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Why+Pakistan%27s+Ahmadi+community+is+officially+detested&rft.date=2010-06-16&rft.au=Mohammed+Hanif&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fprogrammes%2Ffrom_our_own_correspondent%2F8744092.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+pk0121)">"Pakistan: Jamaat-i-Islami".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160123083300/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+pk0121%29">Archived</a> 23 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Library of Congress Country Studies. April 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Act_XLIX_of_1974-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Act_XLIX_of_1974_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part12.ch5.html#f685">Art. 260(3)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023165749/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part12.ch5.html#f685">Archived</a> 23 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, added by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/amendments/2amendment.html">Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1974 (XLIX of 1974)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080220154304/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/amendments/2amendment.html">Archived</a> 20 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> S. 3 and amended by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/orders/po24_1985.html">Constitution (Third Amendment) Order, 1985 (President's Order No. 24 of 1985)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141003061700/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/orders/po24_1985.html">Archived</a> 3 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> S. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PLD_1978_Lahore_113-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PLD_1978_Lahore_113_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <i>Abdur Rahman Mobashir vs. Syed Amir Ali Shah Bokhari</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistanconstitutionlaw.com/pld-1978-lahore-113/">PLD 1978 Lahore 113</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429184922/http://pakistanconstitutionlaw.com/pld-1978-lahore-113/">Archived</a> 29 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ordinance_XX_of_1984-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ordinance_XX_of_1984_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Penal_Code" title="Pakistan Penal Code">PPC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html#f110">Ss. 298-B and 298-C</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140624115719/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html#f110">Archived</a> 24 June 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, added by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.real-islam.org/Humanrights/ordXX.html">Anti-Islamic Activities of the Quadiani Group, Lahori Group and Ahmadis (Prohibition and Punishment) Ordinance, 1984 (XX of 1984)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002725/http://www.real-islam.org/Humanrights/ordXX.html">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PLD_1985_FSC_8-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PLD_1985_FSC_8_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mujibur Rehman vs. Federal Government of Pakistan</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irshad.org/exposed/legal/pkcort84.php">PLD 1985 FSC 8</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403110040/http://irshad.org/exposed/legal/pkcort84.php">Archived</a> 3 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, affirmed by <i>Capt. (Retd.) Abdul Wajid vs. Federal Government of Pakistan</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khatm-e-nubuwwat.org/lawyers/data/english/5/sup-court-of-pakistan.pdf">PLD 1988 SC 167</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314130556/http://khatm-e-nubuwwat.org/lawyers/data/english/5/sup-court-of-pakistan.pdf">Archived</a> 14 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1993_SCMR_1718-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1993_SCMR_1718_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Zaheeruddin vs. The State</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irshad.org/exposed/legal/pkcort93.php">1993 SCMR 1718</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429182843/http://irshad.org/exposed/legal/pkcort93.php">Archived</a> 29 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, affirming <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khatm-e-nubuwwat.org/lawyers/data/english/7/bol-high-court-1987.pdf">PLD 1988 Quetta 22</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314125011/http://khatm-e-nubuwwat.org/lawyers/data/english/7/bol-high-court-1987.pdf">Archived</a> 14 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <i>Khurshid Ahmad vs. The State</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khatm-e-nubuwwat.org/lawyers/data/english/11/lahore-high-court-1992.pdf">PLD 1992 Lahore 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314131726/http://khatm-e-nubuwwat.org/lawyers/data/english/11/lahore-high-court-1992.pdf">Archived</a> 14 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khan, Naveeda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthropology.jhu.edu/Naveeda_Khan/Trespasses.pdf">"Trespasses of the State: Ministering to Theological Dilemmas through the Copyright/Trademark"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100605013014/http://anthropology.jhu.edu/Naveeda_Khan/Trespasses.pdf">Archived</a> 5 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Sarai Reader 2005: Bare Acts. p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Act_III_of_1986-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Act_III_of_1986_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Penal_Code" title="Pakistan Penal Code">PPC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html#f108">S. 295-C</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140624115719/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/legislation/1860/actXLVof1860.html#f108">Archived</a> 24 June 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, inserted by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/archive/10_c.html">Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 1986 (III of 1986)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140218220810/http://www.thepersecution.org/archive/10_c.html">Archived</a> 18 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. e.g. <i>Khurshid Ahmad vs. The State</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khatm-e-nubuwwat.org/lawyers/data/english/11/lahore-high-court-1992.pdf">PLD 1992 Lahore 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314131726/http://khatm-e-nubuwwat.org/lawyers/data/english/11/lahore-high-court-1992.pdf">Archived</a> 14 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, para. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amn-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-amn_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amn_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amn_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> 8 April 1995, Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/archive/pl_crimes.html">page 82 of its Annual Report (1995)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926233626/http://www.thepersecution.org/archive/pl_crimes.html">Archived</a> 26 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference "amn" was defined multiple times with different content (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_duplicate_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references duplicate key">help page</a>).</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Implementation of the declaration on the elimination of all forms of intolerance and of discrimination based on religion of belief". Report submitted by Mr. Abdelfattah Amor, United Nations <a href="/wiki/Special_Rapporteur_(UN)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Rapporteur (UN)">Special Rapporteur</a>, in accordance with <a href="/wiki/UN_Commission_on_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Commission on Human Rights">UN Commission on Human Rights</a> Resolution 1995/23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Plight of Ahmadi Muslims in Pakistan</i>, page 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/998648.stm">"Gunmen kill five at prayer meeting"</a>. BBC. 30 October 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404055758/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/998648.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gunmen+kill+five+at+prayer+meeting&rft.date=2000-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F998648.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thdl.org/texts/reprints/pdsa/pdsa_01_01_04.pdf">Peace and Democracy in South Asia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327094050/http://www.thdl.org/texts/reprints/pdsa/pdsa_01_01_04.pdf">Archived</a> 27 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Volume 1, Number 1, January 2005. Passports to Privilege: The English-Medium Schools in Pakistan, Tariq Rahman.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dawn-lightning-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dawn-lightning_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dawn-lightning_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dawn-lightning_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/2011/10/28/ahmadis-the-lightning-rod-that-attracts-the-most-hatred.html">"Ahmadis: The lightning rod that attracts the most hatred"</a>. <i>The Dawn</i>. 28 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dawn&rft.atitle=Ahmadis%3A+The+lightning+rod+that+attracts+the+most+hatred&rft.date=2011-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2F2011%2F10%2F28%2Fahmadis-the-lightning-rod-that-attracts-the-most-hatred.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/2005/10/07/welcome.htm">"Eight dead in Pakistan's Ahmadi community's worship place attack"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. Pakistan. 7 October 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101029171012/http://www.dawn.com/2005/10/07/welcome.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Eight+dead+in+Pakistan%27s+Ahmadi+community%27s+worship+place+attack&rft.date=2005-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2F2005%2F10%2F07%2Fwelcome.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asian_Human_Rights_Commission-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Asian_Human_Rights_Commission_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humanrights.asia/news/urgent-appeals/AHRC-UAC-203-2008">"Two persons murdered after an anchor person proposed the widespread lynching of Ahmadi sect followers"</a>. Asian Human Rights Commission. 10 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110603203809/http://www.humanrights.asia/news/urgent-appeals/AHRC-UAC-203-2008">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+persons+murdered+after+an+anchor+person+proposed+the+widespread+lynching+of+Ahmadi+sect+followers&rft.pub=Asian+Human+Rights+Commission&rft.date=2008-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanrights.asia%2Fnews%2Furgent-appeals%2FAHRC-UAC-203-2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archives.dawn.com-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archives.dawn.com_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.dawn.com/2008/09/11/local4.htm">"KARACHI: Muttahida expels Aamir Liaquat"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. 11 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121201160841/http://archives.dawn.com/2008/09/11/local4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=KARACHI%3A+Muttahida+expels+Aamir+Liaquat&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.dawn.com%2F2008%2F09%2F11%2Flocal4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\03\12\story_12-3-2010_pg7_42">"11 Ahmadis killed during 2009: report"</a>. <i>Daily Times</i>. Pakistan. 12 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100317014536/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010%5C03%5C12%5Cstory_12-3-2010_pg7_42">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Times&rft.atitle=11+Ahmadis+killed+during+2009%3A+report&rft.date=2009-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytimes.com.pk%2Fdefault.asp%3Fpage%3D2010%5C03%5C12%5Cstory_12-3-2010_pg7_42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/egazette/press-release/clarification-86-ahmadis-died-in-the-lahore-attacks/">"Clarification – 86 Ahmadis died in the Lahore attacks"</a>. Al Islam. 12 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clarification+%E2%80%93+86+Ahmadis+died+in+the+Lahore+attacks&rft.pub=Al+Islam&rft.date=2010-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fegazette%2Fpress-release%2Fclarification-86-ahmadis-died-in-the-lahore-attacks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/10181380.stm">"Pakistan mosque raids kill scores"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 28 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pakistan+mosque+raids+kill+scores&rft.date=2010-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fsouth_asia%2F10181380.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2010\04\05\story_5-4-2010_pg7_9">"11 Ahmadis slam target-killings in Faisalabad"</a>. <i>Daily Times</i>. Pakistan. 5 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Times&rft.atitle=11+Ahmadis+slam+target-killings+in+Faisalabad&rft.date=2010-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytimes.com.pk%2Fdefault.asp%3Fpage%3D2010%5C04%5C05%5Cstory_5-4-2010_pg7_9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jajja-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jajja_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jajja_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJajja2013" class="citation news cs1">Jajja, Sumaira (28 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1014484/three-years-on-no-justice-for-86-dead-ahmadis">"Three years on, no justice for 86 dead Ahmadis"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140426214951/http://www.dawn.com/news/1014484/three-years-on-no-justice-for-86-dead-ahmadis">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2014</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The 2010 Lahore incident is the only terrorist attack where the attackers were apprehended by the worshippers and handed over to the police," said Saleemuddin, spokesperson for the Ahmadiyya Jamaat Pakistan. <br />In a polite but jaded tone he said the attackers were presented in an anti-terrorism court but nothing came of it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Three+years+on%2C+no+justice+for+86+dead+Ahmadis&rft.date=2013-05-28&rft.aulast=Jajja&rft.aufirst=Sumaira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1014484%2Fthree-years-on-no-justice-for-86-dead-ahmadis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRW_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2010/06/01/pakistan-massacre-minority-ahmadis">"Pakistan: Massacre of Minority Ahmadis"</a>. <i>1 June 2010</i>. Human Rights Watch. June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140409010817/http://www.hrw.org/news/2010/06/01/pakistan-massacre-minority-ahmadis">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1+June+2010&rft.atitle=Pakistan%3A+Massacre+of+Minority+Ahmadis&rft.date=2010-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2010%2F06%2F01%2Fpakistan-massacre-minority-ahmadis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531191210/http://www.geo.tv/5-28-2010/65748.htm">"Lahore attacks leave over 80 dead"</a>. geo.tv. 28 May 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geo.tv/5-28-2010/65748.htm">the original</a> on 31 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lahore+attacks+leave+over+80+dead&rft.pub=geo.tv&rft.date=2010-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeo.tv%2F5-28-2010%2F65748.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW-procecute-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRW-procecute_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/05/27/pakistan-prosecute-ahmadi-massacre-suspects">"Pakistan: Prosecute Ahmadi Massacre Suspects"</a>. <i>27 May 2012</i>. Human Rights Watch. 27 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222045015/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/05/27/pakistan-prosecute-ahmadi-massacre-suspects">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>Two men were captured during the attack, but the government has failed to make progress on their trial, seeking repeated adjournments from the court, as has the defense.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=27+May+2012&rft.atitle=Pakistan%3A+Prosecute+Ahmadi+Massacre+Suspects&rft.date=2012-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2012%2F05%2F27%2Fpakistan-prosecute-ahmadi-massacre-suspects&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewsweekP-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NewsweekP_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsweekpakistan.com/court-announces-death-sentence-for-ahmadi-attacker/">"COURT ANNOUNCES DEATH SENTENCE FOR AHMADI ATTACKER"</a>. newsweekpakistan.com. 19 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326134203/http://newsweekpakistan.com/court-announces-death-sentence-for-ahmadi-attacker/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com+is+temporarily+unavailable&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fpakistan%2FPersecuted-Pakistani-Muslim-minority-seek-refuge-in-China%2Farticleshow%2F36805205.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/741943/three-including-two-minors-dead-in-gujranwala-clash/">"Three Ahmadis, including two minors, killed in Gujranwala"</a>. <i>The Express Tribune</i>. 27 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150812140510/http://tribune.com.pk/story/741943/three-including-two-minors-dead-in-gujranwala-clash/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Three+Ahmadis%2C+including+two+minors%2C+killed+in+Gujranwala&rft.date=2014-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F741943%2Fthree-including-two-minors-dead-in-gujranwala-clash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1122143/four-ahmadis-killed-over-alleged-blasphemy">"Mob attack over alleged blasphemy"</a>. Dawn. 28 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mob+torches+factory+in+Pakistan+following+blasphemy+accusation&rft.date=2015-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fau.news.yahoo.com%2Fworld%2Fa%2F30160622%2Fmob-torches-factory-in-pakistan-following-blasphemy-accusation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1221273/ahmadi-place-of-worship-set-ablaze-in-jhelum-riots-erupt-after-blasphemy-allegations">"Ahmadi place of worship set ablaze in Jhelum, riots erupt after blasphemy allegations"</a>. 21 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151122052156/http://www.dawn.com/news/1221273/ahmadi-place-of-worship-set-ablaze-in-jhelum-riots-erupt-after-blasphemy-allegations">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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AP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170511160712/https://www.dawn.com/news/1302057/mob-besieging-ahmadi-place-of-worship-in-chakwal-dispersed-by-police">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Pakistan&rft.atitle=Nawaz+Sharif%27s+son-in-law+calls+for+%27complete+curbs%27+on+Ahmadis&rft.date=2017-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.dailypakistan.com.pk%2Fpakistan%2Fcomplete-curbs-on-ahmadis-employment-demands-captain-r-safdar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/ahmadis-sentenced-death-blasphemy-171012081709423.html">"Three Ahmadis sentenced to death for blasphemy"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Three+Ahmadis+sentenced+to+death+for+blasphemy&rft.date=2017-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F10%2Fahmadis-sentenced-death-blasphemy-171012081709423.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-election-ahmadis/pakistans-long-persecuted-ahmadi-minority-fear-becoming-election-scapegoat-idUSKBN1DG04H/">"Pakistan's long-persecuted Ahmadi minority fear becoming election scapegoat"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 16 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171118062336/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-election-ahmadis/pakistans-long-persecuted-ahmadi-minority-fear-becoming-election-scapegoat-idUSKBN1DG04H">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Pakistan%27s+long-persecuted+Ahmadi+minority+fear+becoming+election+scapegoat&rft.date=2017-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-pakistan-election-ahmadis%2Fpakistans-long-persecuted-ahmadi-minority-fear-becoming-election-scapegoat-idUSKBN1DG04H%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/277827-ahmadis-are-not-muslims-decides-ajk">"Ahmadis are not Muslims, decides AJK"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>" 'Muslim' means a person, who believes in the unity and oneness of Almighty Allah, in the absolute and unqualified finality of the Prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him), the last of the prophets, and does not believe in, or recognize as a prophet or religious reformer, any person who claimed or claims to be a prophet, in any sense of the word or of any description whatsoever, after Muhammad (peace be upon him); 'Non-Muslim' means a person, who is not a Muslim and includes a person belonging to the Christian, Jew, Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist or Parsi community, a person of the Quadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves 'Ahmadis' or by any other name), or a Bahai, or any person who does not fulfill the requirements of a Muslim;"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Law+department+AJ%26K&rft.atitle=Interim+Constitution+%28Twelfth+Amendment%29+Act%2C+2018+%28I+of+2018%29&rft.date=2018-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.ajk.gov.pk%2Fassets%2Flawlibrary%2F2019-02-14-5c647c81b020b1550089345.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamid_Rao2018" class="citation news cs1">Hamid Rao, Altaf (7 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nation.com.pk/07-Feb-2018/ajk-parliament-declares-ahmadis-as-non-muslims">"AJK Parliament declares Ahmadis as non-Muslims"</a>. <i>The Nation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Ahmadis+in+Pakistan+say+intimidated+ahead+of+Eid+al-Adha+feast&rft.date=2024-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20240615-ahmadis-in-pakistan-say-intimidated-ahead-of-eid-al-adha-feast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.aaj.tv/news/330365724">"Ahmadiyya place of worship destroyed in AJK's Kotli: community"</a>. <i>Aaj English TV</i>. 17 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aaj+English+TV&rft.atitle=Ahmadiyya+place+of+worship+destroyed+in+AJK%27s+Kotli%3A+community&rft.date=2024-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aaj.tv%2Fnews%2F330365724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1771551">"Supreme Court of Pakistan removes 'controversial' paragraphs from Mubarak Sani case ruling"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. 23 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+of+Pakistan+removes+%27controversial%27+paragraphs+from+Mubarak+Sani+case+ruling&rft.date=2024-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1771551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailytimes.com.pk/1115220/sc-removes-controversial-paras-from-mubarak-sani-case-ruling/">"SC removes 'controversial' paras from Mubarak Sani case ruling"</a>. <i>Daily Times</i>. 23 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Times&rft.atitle=SC+removes+%27controversial%27+paras+from+Mubarak+Sani+case+ruling&rft.date=2024-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailytimes.com.pk%2F1115220%2Fsc-removes-controversial-paras-from-mubarak-sani-case-ruling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianpost.com/news/supreme-court-of-pakistan-bows-to-islamist-threats.html">"Supreme Court of Pakistan bows to Islamist threats in Mubarak Sani case"</a>. <i>The Christian Post</i>. 23 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Post&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+of+Pakistan+bows+to+Islamist+threats+in+Mubarak+Sani+case&rft.date=2024-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianpost.com%2Fnews%2Fsupreme-court-of-pakistan-bows-to-islamist-threats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persecutionofahmadis.org/problems-in-education-2011-2012/">"Perseuction of Ahmadi students"</a>. Persecutions of Ahmadis students. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224102454/https://www.persecutionofahmadis.org/problems-in-education-2011-2012/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perseuction+of+Ahmadi+students&rft.pub=Persecutions+of+Ahmadis+students&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persecutionofahmadis.org%2Fproblems-in-education-2011-2012%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2022/09/23/attock-school-expels-students-for-being-ahmadi/">"Attock School Expels Students 'For Being Ahmadi'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Friday Times - Naya Daur</i>. 23 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Friday+Times+-+Naya+Daur&rft.atitle=Attock+School+Expels+Students+%27For+Being+Ahmadi%27&rft.date=2022-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefridaytimes.com%2F2022%2F09%2F23%2Fattock-school-expels-students-for-being-ahmadi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adil Hussain Khan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ">"From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204161834/https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> 4 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Indiana University Press, 6 April 2015 p 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank A. Martin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qyIHswEACAAJ&q=under+the+absolute+amir">"Under the Absolute Amir"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215022739/https://books.google.com/books?id=qyIHswEACAAJ&dq=under+the+absolute+amir&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiz4IThtqbMAhUSOsAKHeC3DJYQ6AEIHTAA">Archived</a> 15 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Harper & Brothers, 1907 p 203-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adil Hussain Khan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ">"From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204161834/https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> 4 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Indiana University Press, 6 April 2015 p 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Argument Number 10 – Prophecies: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/invitation/arg10.html#L1">Prophecy No. 1: Afghan martyrs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422035834/http://www.alislam.org/books/invitation/arg10.html#L1">Archived</a> 22 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adil Hussain Khan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ">"From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204161834/https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> 4 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Indiana University Press, 6 April 2015 p 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vincent Littrell. [Islam: Ahmadiyya]. World Association of International Studies, 17 February 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Friedmann-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Friedmann_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yohanan Friedmann: <i>Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background</i>, Oxford University Press India 2003, pp. 26–29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/06/algeria-wave-of-arrests-and-prosecutions-of-hundreds-of-ahmadis/">Algeria: Wave of arrests and prosecutions of hundreds of Ahmadis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170829040729/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/06/algeria-wave-of-arrests-and-prosecutions-of-hundreds-of-ahmadis/">Archived</a> 29 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Amnesty International. 19 June 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rahman, Waliur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4556318.stm">"Violent Dhaka rally against sect".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081228193136/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4556318.stm">Archived</a> 28 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> BBC News. 23 December 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA13/005/2004">"Bangladesh: The Ahmadiyya Community – their rights must be protected".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120930031155/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA13/005/2004">Archived</a> 30 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Amnesty International. 22 April 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBajwa2019" class="citation web cs1">Bajwa, Muzaffar Ahmad Noori (13 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.easternherald.com/religion/persecution/isis-attacks-ahmadiyyas-in-bangladesh-wake-up-sheikh-hasina-44806/">"ISIS Attacks Ahmadiyyas in Bangladesh; Sheikh Hasina supports Islamists"</a>. <i>The Eastern Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214025139/https://www.easternherald.com/religion/persecution/isis-attacks-ahmadiyyas-in-bangladesh-wake-up-sheikh-hasina-44806/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Eastern+Herald&rft.atitle=ISIS+Attacks+Ahmadiyyas+in+Bangladesh%3B+Sheikh+Hasina+supports+Islamists&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft.aulast=Bajwa&rft.aufirst=Muzaffar+Ahmad+Noori&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.easternherald.com%2Freligion%2Fpersecution%2Fisis-attacks-ahmadiyyas-in-bangladesh-wake-up-sheikh-hasina-44806%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alfazl.com/2023/03/03/65279/">"<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">تازہ ترین:</span> اَللّٰھُمَّ مَزِّقْھُمْ کُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ وَ سَحِّقْھُمْ تَسْحِیْقًا <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">(بنگلہ دیش، پاکستان، برکینا فاسو اور الجزائر کے احمدیوں کے لیے دعا کی تحریک)</span>"</a>. <i><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">الفَضل انٹرنیشنل</span></i> (in Urdu). 3 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2023</span>. <q><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بنگلہ دیش میں آج کل جلسہ سالانہ ہو رہا ہے۔ آج ہی ان کا پہلا دن تھا۔ لیکن وہاں مخالفین نے جلسہ گاہ پر حملہ کیا۔ کئی لوگ زخمی بھی ہوئے ہیں۔ ابھی تک جو خبر آئی ہے اس کے مطابق انہوں نے کچھ اس طرح حملہ کیا کہ بعض شدید زخمی بھی ہوئے ہیں۔ پھراس علاقے کے احمدیوں کے گھروں کو جلا بھی رہے ہیں۔ ابھی پورا اندازا نہیں کہ کتنا نقصان ہوا ہے۔</span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%3Cspan+class%3D%22Nastaliq%22+dir%3D%22rtl%22+title%3D%22Nastaliq%22+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Jameel+Noori+Nastaleeq%27%2C+%27Urdu+Typesetting%27%2C+%27Noto+Nastaliq+Urdu%27%2C+%27Noto+Nastaliq+Urdu+Draft%27%2C+%27Hussaini+Nastaleeq%27%2C+%27AlQalam+Taj+Nastaleeq%27%2C+IranNastaliq%2C+%27Awami+Nastaliq%27%2C+%27Awami+Nastaliq+Beta3%27%2C+%27Awami+Nastaliq+Beta2%27%2C+%27Awami+Nastaliq+Beta1%27%2C+%27Nafees+Nastaleeq%27%2C+%27Nafees+Nastaleeq+v1.01%27%2C+%27Pak+Nastaleeq%27%2C+%27PDMS_Jauhar%27%2C+%27Alvi+Lahori+Nastaleeq%27%3B+font-size%3A+110%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%B6%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+class%3D%22Nastaliq%22+dir%3D%22rtl%22+title%3D%22Nastaliq%22+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Jameel+Noori+Nastaleeq%27%2C+%27Urdu+Typesetting%27%2C+%27Noto+Nastaliq+Urdu%27%2C+%27Noto+Nastaliq+Urdu+Draft%27%2C+%27Hussaini+Nastaleeq%27%2C+%27AlQalam+Taj+Nastaleeq%27%2C+IranNastaliq%2C+%27Awami+Nastaliq%27%2C+%27Awami+Nastaliq+Beta3%27%2C+%27Awami+Nastaliq+Beta2%27%2C+%27Awami+Nastaliq+Beta1%27%2C+%27Nafees+Nastaleeq%27%2C+%27Nafees+Nastaleeq+v1.01%27%2C+%27Pak+Nastaleeq%27%2C+%27PDMS_Jauhar%27%2C+%27Alvi+Lahori+Nastaleeq%27%3B+font-size%3A+110%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%81+%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E+%D8%A7%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%84%D9%91%D9%B0%DA%BE%D9%8F%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%91+%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%B2%D9%90%D9%91%D9%82%D9%92%DA%BE%D9%8F%D9%85%D9%92+%DA%A9%D9%8F%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%91+%D9%85%D9%8F%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%B2%D9%8E%D9%91%D9%82%D9%8D+%D9%88%D9%8E+%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%AD%D9%90%D9%91%D9%82%D9%92%DA%BE%D9%8F%D9%85%D9%92+%D8%AA%D9%8E%D8%B3%D9%92%D8%AD%D9%90%DB%8C%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8B%D8%A7+%3Cspan+class%3D%22Nastaliq%22+dir%3D%22rtl%22+title%3D%22Nastaliq%22+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Jameel+Noori+Nastaleeq%27%2C+%27Urdu+Typesetting%27%2C+%27Noto+Nastaliq+Urdu%27%2C+%27Noto+Nastaliq+Urdu+Draft%27%2C+%27Hussaini+Nastaleeq%27%2C+%27AlQalam+Taj+Nastaleeq%27%2C+IranNastaliq%2C+%27Awami+Nastaliq%27%2C+%27Awami+Nastaliq+Beta3%27%2C+%27Awami+Nastaliq+Beta2%27%2C+%27Awami+Nastaliq+Beta1%27%2C+%27Nafees+Nastaleeq%27%2C+%27Nafees+Nastaleeq+v1.01%27%2C+%27Pak+Nastaleeq%27%2C+%27PDMS_Jauhar%27%2C+%27Alvi+Lahori+Nastaleeq%27%3B+font-size%3A+110%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E%28%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%81+%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%8C+%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C+%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7+%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1+%DA%A9%DB%92+%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%BA+%DA%A9%DB%92+%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%92+%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7+%DA%A9%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%29%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=2023-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alfazl.com%2F2023%2F03%2F03%2F65279%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/politics/2023/03/06/kamal-bnp-behind-communal-violence-in-panchagarh">"Kamal: BNP behind communal violence in Panchagarh"</a>. <i>www.dhakatribune.com</i>. 6 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.dhakatribune.com&rft.atitle=Kamal%3A+BNP+behind+communal+violence+in+Panchagarh&rft.date=2023-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Fpolitics%2F2023%2F03%2F06%2Fkamal-bnp-behind-communal-violence-in-panchagarh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/local-news/1ulxu4zc5f">"One killed in clash over Ahmadiyya congregation in Panchagarh, BGB deployed"</a>. <i>Prothom Alo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prothom+Alo&rft.atitle=One+killed+in+clash+over+Ahmadiyya+congregation+in+Panchagarh%2C+BGB+deployed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.prothomalo.com%2Fbangladesh%2Flocal-news%2F1ulxu4zc5f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/30-injured-clash-between-police-locals-panchagarh-593866">"30 injured in clash between police, locals in Panchagarh"</a>. <i>The Business Standard</i>. 3 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=Jamaat+releases+statement+condemning+Ahmadiyya+community&rft.date=2023-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Fbangladesh%2F2023%2F03%2F06%2Fjamaat-releases-statement-condemning-ahmadiyya-community&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forum18.org/Archive.php?article_id=175">"Belarus: Ahmadiyya Muslims among banned religious organisations"</a>. Forum18.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422083243/http://www.forum18.org/archive.php?article_id=175">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Persecution.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201230650/http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/08/06/yni10.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ahmadiya+community+denied+permission+for+Hyderabad+meet&rft.pub=Persecution.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fworld%2Findia%2F08%2F06%2Fyni10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/08/06/yni15.html">"Permission for Hyderabad Ahmadiyya meet cancelled"</a>. Perseuction.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201230656/http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/08/06/yni15.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Permission+for+Hyderabad+Ahmadiyya+meet+cancelled&rft.pub=Perseuction.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fworld%2Findia%2F08%2F06%2Fyni15.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/08/06/pio18.html">"Liberty abridged The Pioneer Edit Desk Ahmadiyas are Indians, too"</a>. Perseuction.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201230643/http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/08/06/pio18.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liberty+abridged+The+Pioneer+Edit+Desk+Ahmadiyas+are+Indians%2C+too&rft.pub=Perseuction.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fworld%2Findia%2F08%2F06%2Fpio18.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/08/08/pr27.html">"Religious fanatics attack Ahmadis' houses in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India; six persons injured"</a>. Persecution.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201230700/http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/08/08/pr27.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+fanatics+attack+Ahmadis%27+houses+in+Saharanpur%2C+Uttar+Pradesh%2C+India%3B+six+persons+injured&rft.pub=Persecution.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fworld%2Findia%2F08%2F08%2Fpr27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/09/06/eb08.html">"Exhumation annoys Ahmadiyya sect"</a>. Persecution.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609232955/http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/09/06/eb08.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exhumation+annoys+Ahmadiyya+sect&rft.pub=Persecution.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fworld%2Findia%2F09%2F06%2Feb08.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/09/12/ti25.html">"Ahmadiyya convention faces heat"</a>. Persecution.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130610031037/http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/09/12/ti25.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ahmadiyya+convention+faces+heat&rft.pub=Persecution.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fworld%2Findia%2F09%2F12%2Fti25.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/10/08/nb28.html">"Should The Mayawati Government Remove Ahamadiyya Sect From Syllabus"</a>. Persecution.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130155009/http://thepersecution.org/world/india/10/08/nb28.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Should+The+Mayawati+Government+Remove+Ahamadiyya+Sect+From+Syllabus&rft.pub=Persecution.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fworld%2Findia%2F10%2F08%2Fnb28.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/11/06/ti30.html">"Darul Uloom asks Saudi Arabia to ban Ahmadiyas from Mecca visit"</a>. Perseuction.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207225251/http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/11/06/ti30.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darul+Uloom+asks+Saudi+Arabia+to+ban+Ahmadiyas+from+Mecca+visit&rft.pub=Perseuction.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fworld%2Findia%2F11%2F06%2Fti30.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/11/09/ti24.html">"Ahmadiyyas face protest at peace mission"</a>. Persecution.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129060726/http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/11/09/ti24.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ahmadiyyas+face+protest+at+peace+mission&rft.pub=Persecution.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fworld%2Findia%2F11%2F09%2Fti24.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/11/09/th24.html">"Exhibition on teachings of Quran denounced"</a>. Persecution.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609233050/http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/11/09/th24.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exhibition+on+teachings+of+Quran+denounced&rft.pub=Persecution.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fworld%2Findia%2F11%2F09%2Fth24.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/11/09/ht24.html">"Fearing row, Bukhari detained"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609230431/http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/11/09/ht24.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fearing+row%2C+Bukhari+detained&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fworld%2Findia%2F11%2F09%2Fht24.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/11/09/zn24.html">"Delhi: Quran exhibition called off after protests"</a>. Persecution.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609221839/http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/11/09/zn24.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delhi%3A+Quran+exhibition+called+off+after+protests&rft.pub=Persecution.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fworld%2Findia%2F11%2F09%2Fzn24.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/11/10/ht02.html">"Heretical' Ahmadiyya sect raises Muslim hackles"</a>. Persecution.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129060743/http://www.thepersecution.org/world/india/11/10/ht02.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heretical%27+Ahmadiyya+sect+raises+Muslim+hackles&rft.pub=Persecution.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fworld%2Findia%2F11%2F10%2Fht02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCourtesy:_Two_Circles2012" class="citation web cs1">Courtesy: Two Circles (20 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siasat.com/english/news/don%E2%80%99t-perform-nikaah-qadiyanis-ap-wakf-board-qazis">"Don't perform nikaah of Qadiyanis: AP Wakf board to Qazis"</a>. Siasat Urdu Daily, Hyderabad<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Don%27t+perform+nikaah+of+Qadiyanis%3A+AP+Wakf+board+to+Qazis&rft.pub=Siasat+Urdu+Daily%2C+Hyderabad&rft.date=2012-02-20&rft.au=Courtesy%3A+Two+Circles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siasat.com%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fdon%25E2%2580%2599t-perform-nikaah-qadiyanis-ap-wakf-board-qazis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Prayers-disrupted-in-Ahmediya-mosque/articleshow/12408033.cms">"Mosque attacked"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224095922/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-26/hyderabad/31239516_1_mosque-prayers-ahmadis">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Mosque+attacked&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fhyderabad%2FPrayers-disrupted-in-Ahmediya-mosque%2Farticleshow%2F12408033.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bodhgaya-blasts-ahmadiyya-sect-had-been-targeted/story-OIsJK8C48Nxupm83b9zCEI.html">"Bodhgaya blasts: Ahmadiyya sect had been targeted"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 23 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Bodhgaya+blasts%3A+Ahmadiyya+sect+had+been+targeted&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia%2Fbodhgaya-blasts-ahmadiyya-sect-had-been-targeted%2Fstory-OIsJK8C48Nxupm83b9zCEI.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=12466&size=A">"Indonesia to ban Ahmadi activities"</a>. AsiaNews.IT. 6 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indonesia+to+ban+Ahmadi+activities&rft.pub=AsiaNews.IT&rft.date=2008-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianews.it%2Findex.php%3Fl%3Den%26art%3D12466%26size%3DA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIGJhKLhpE4"><i>Anti-Ahmadiyya Mullah Burning Ahmadiyya Mosques – Indonesia</i></a>. Al Jazeera.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anti-Ahmadiyya+Mullah+Burning+Ahmadiyya+Mosques+%E2%80%93+Indonesia&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DYIGJhKLhpE4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110827070711/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/02/06/six-killed-clash-between-villagers-and-ahmadiyah-followers.html">"Six killed in clash between villagers and Ahmadiyah followers"</a>. <i>The Jakarta Post</i>. 6 February 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/02/06/six-killed-clash-between-villagers-and-ahmadiyah-followers.html">the original</a> on 27 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.atitle=Six+killed+in+clash+between+villagers+and+Ahmadiyah+followers&rft.date=2011-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F02%2F06%2Fsix-killed-clash-between-villagers-and-ahmadiyah-followers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillian_Terzis2011" class="citation news cs1">Gillian Terzis (18 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2011/feb/18/indonesia-pluralism-persecution-ahmadiyah">"Indonesia is no longer a poster child for pluralism"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Indonesia+is+no+longer+a+poster+child+for+pluralism&rft.date=2011-02-18&rft.au=Gillian+Terzis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2Fbelief%2F2011%2Ffeb%2F18%2Findonesia-pluralism-persecution-ahmadiyah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGeown, Kate. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13155924">Islamic sect Ahmadiyah faces ban in Indonesia</a>" <i><a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">BBC</a></i>. 21 April 2011. (Video)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allard, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/world/trial-begins-after-shocking-mob-violence-ends-in-slaying-20110426-1dv37.html">Trial begins after shocking mob violence ends in slaying</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140703125113/http://www.smh.com.au/world/trial-begins-after-shocking-mob-violence-ends-in-slaying-20110426-1dv37.html">Archived</a> 3 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. 27 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://new.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=12466">Indonesia to ban Ahmadi activities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090724170308/http://new.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=12466">Archived</a> 24 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 6 September 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://markings-reflections.blogspot.com/2008/04/indonesia-shadows-over-freedom_30.html=">Ahmadiyya Ban and Human Rights</a>", Fazil Jamal on Jakarta Post <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=12466&size=A">Indonesia to ban Ahmadi activities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090724170308/http://new.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=12466">Archived</a> 24 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, AsiaNews.IT</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIGJhKLhpE4">Anti-Ahmadiyya Mullah Burning Ahmadiyya Mosques – Indonesia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150725063436/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIGJhKLhpE4">Archived</a> 25 July 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Al Jazeera News Report</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSJAK90261">Indonesia's religious tolerance under threat-group</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090624190737/http://www.reuters.com/article/latestcrisis/idusjak90261">Archived</a> 24 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 10 June 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/SEAsia/Story/STIStory_631949.html">"Religious clash in Indonesia kills up to six, Straits Times, 6 Feb 2011"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110209031134/http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/SEAsia/Story/STIStory_631949.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Religious+clash+in+Indonesia+kills+up+to+six%2C+Straits+Times%2C+6+Feb+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2FBreakingNews%2FSEAsia%2FStory%2FSTIStory_631949.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2010/07/2010729151640257216.html">Indonesia mob attacks Muslim sect</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100805042105/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2010/07/2010729151640257216.html">Archived</a> 5 August 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Al Jazeera. 29 July 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110827070711/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/02/06/six-killed-clash-between-villagers-and-ahmadiyah-followers.html">"Six killed in clash between villagers and Ahmadiyah followers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jakarta_Post" title="The Jakarta Post">The Jakarta Post</a></i>. 6 February 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/02/06/six-killed-clash-between-villagers-and-ahmadiyah-followers.html">the original</a> on 27 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.atitle=Six+killed+in+clash+between+villagers+and+Ahmadiyah+followers&rft.date=2011-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F02%2F06%2Fsix-killed-clash-between-villagers-and-ahmadiyah-followers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110208212025/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/02/06/govt-instructs-police-hunt-killers-calls-ahmadiyah-abide-decree.html">"Govt instructs police to hunt killers, calls on Ahmadiyah to abide by decree"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jakarta_Post" title="The Jakarta Post">The Jakarta Post</a></i>. 6 February 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/02/06/govt-instructs-police-hunt-killers-calls-ahmadiyah-abide-decree.html">the original</a> on 8 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.atitle=Govt+instructs+police+to+hunt+killers%2C+calls+on+Ahmadiyah+to+abide+by+decree&rft.date=2011-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F02%2F06%2Fgovt-instructs-police-hunt-killers-calls-ahmadiyah-abide-decree.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElisabeth_Oktofani_&_Chrestella_Tan2011" class="citation web cs1">Elisabeth Oktofani & Chrestella Tan (8 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810223656/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/activists-cry-foul-at-lenient-prosecutors-in-ahmadiyah-trial/451544">"Activists Cry Foul at 'Lenient' Prosecutors in Ahmadiyah Trial"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Globe" title="Jakarta Globe">Jakarta Globe</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/activists-cry-foul-at-lenient-prosecutors-in-ahmadiyah-trial/451544">the original</a> on 10 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jakarta+Globe&rft.atitle=Activists+Cry+Foul+at+%27Lenient%27+Prosecutors+in+Ahmadiyah+Trial&rft.date=2011-07-08&rft.au=Elisabeth+Oktofani+%26+Chrestella+Tan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartaglobe.com%2Fhome%2Factivists-cry-foul-at-lenient-prosecutors-in-ahmadiyah-trial%2F451544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012131741/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/07/29/cikeusik-verdict-%E2%80%98chilling%E2%80%99-message-minorities.html">"Cikeusik verdict 'chilling' message to minorities"</a>. <i>The Jakarta Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/07/29/cikeusik-verdict-%E2%80%98chilling%E2%80%99-message-minorities.html">the original</a> on 12 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.atitle=Cikeusik+verdict+%27chilling%27+message+to+minorities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F07%2F29%2Fcikeusik-verdict-%25E2%2580%2598chilling%25E2%2580%2599-message-minorities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111212124034/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/08/15/cikeusik-ahmadi-leader-gets-6-months-prison.html">"Cikeusik Ahmadi leader gets 6 months prison"</a>. 15 August 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/08/15/cikeusik-ahmadi-leader-gets-6-months-prison.html">the original</a> on 12 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cikeusik+Ahmadi+leader+gets+6+months+prison&rft.date=2011-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F08%2F15%2Fcikeusik-ahmadi-leader-gets-6-months-prison.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007174944/http://english.kompas.com/read/2011/08/16/05051048/The.Reason.Why.US.Disappointed.with.Indonesia.Court.Ruling">"The Reason Why US 'Disappointed' with Indonesia Court Ruling"</a>. 16 August 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.kompas.com/read/2011/08/16/05051048/The.Reason.Why.US.Disappointed.with.Indonesia.Court.Ruling">the original</a> on 7 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Reason+Why+US+%27Disappointed%27+with+Indonesia+Court+Ruling&rft.date=2011-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.kompas.com%2Fread%2F2011%2F08%2F16%2F05051048%2FThe.Reason.Why.US.Disappointed.with.Indonesia.Court.Ruling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenutgraph.com/mais-forbids-ahmadiyya-worship/">"MAIS forbids Ahmadiyya worship"</a>. thenutgraph. 28 April 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110113150119/http://www.thenutgraph.com/mais-forbids-ahmadiyya-worship">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MAIS+forbids+Ahmadiyya+worship&rft.pub=thenutgraph&rft.date=2009-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenutgraph.com%2Fmais-forbids-ahmadiyya-worship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/press/09/my090428.html">"ISLAMIC COUNCIL IN MALAYSIA ISSUES NOTICE TO AHMADIYYA MUSLIM JAMAAT PREVENTING USE OF CENTRAL MOSQUE"</a>. thepersecution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101023024929/http://www.thepersecution.org/press/09/my090428.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISLAMIC+COUNCIL+IN+MALAYSIA+ISSUES+NOTICE+TO+AHMADIYYA+MUSLIM+JAMAAT+PREVENTING+USE+OF+CENTRAL+MOSQUE&rft.pub=thepersecution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fpress%2F09%2Fmy090428.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-it0706-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-it0706_190-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-it0706_190-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israeltoday.co.il/default.aspx?tabid=178&nid=21250">"Palestinian Muslims who reject violence are persecuted"</a>. <i>israeltoday.co.il</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201709/http://www.israeltoday.co.il/default.aspx?tabid=178&nid=21250">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=israeltoday.co.il&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Muslims+who+reject+violence+are+persecuted&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israeltoday.co.il%2Fdefault.aspx%3Ftabid%3D178%26nid%3D21250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/press/08/sp080324.html">"Persecution of Ahmadis in Saudi Arabia"</a>. Persecution.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Persecution+of+Ahmadis+in+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pub=Persecution.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fpress%2F08%2Fsp080324.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Depending on the source there were 56–60 Ahmadis arrested in the years 2006–2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrw2014-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hrw2014_193-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrw2014_193-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/05/15/saudi-arabia-2-years-behind-bars-apostasy-accusation">"Saudi Arabia: 2 Years Behind Bars on Apostasy Accusation"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 15 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150304153400/http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/05/15/saudi-arabia-2-years-behind-bars-apostasy-accusation">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+2+Years+Behind+Bars+on+Apostasy+Accusation&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2014%2F05%2F15%2Fsaudi-arabia-2-years-behind-bars-apostasy-accusation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90220.htm">"Saudi Arabia: International Religious Freedom Report 2007"</a>. U.S. Department of State<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia%3A+International+Religious+Freedom+Report+2007&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2007%2F90220.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/resources/AR_2007/saudi_arabia.pdf">"Saudi Arabia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140720220618/http://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/resources/AR_2007/saudi_arabia.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia&rft.pub=United+States+Commission+on+International+Religious+Freedom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscirf.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fresources%2FAR_2007%2Fsaudi_arabia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepersecution.org/press/08/sp080324.html">"Persecution of Ahmadis in Saudi Arabia"</a>. Persecution.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110223210226/http://www.thepersecution.org/press/08/sp080324.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Persecution+of+Ahmadis+in+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pub=Persecution.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepersecution.org%2Fpress%2F08%2Fsp080324.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Figueira-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Figueira_197-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaurius_Figueira2002" class="citation book cs1">Daurius Figueira (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=heIft-h0aRcC&pg=PA47"><i>Jihad in Trinidad and Tobago, July 27, 1990</i></a>. iUniverse. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0595228348" title="Special:BookSources/978-0595228348"><bdi>978-0595228348</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jihad+in+Trinidad+and+Tobago%2C+July+27%2C+1990&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0595228348&rft.au=Daurius+Figueira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DheIft-h0aRcC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Böwering-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Böwering_198-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerhard_Böwering,_Patricia_Crone2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q1I0pcrFFSUC&pg=PA25"><i>The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 25-26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691134840" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691134840"><bdi>978-0691134840</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Princeton+Encyclopedia+of+Islamic+Political+Thought&rft.pages=25-26&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0691134840&rft.au=Gerhard+B%C3%B6wering%2C+Patricia+Crone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq1I0pcrFFSUC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaria_Grazia_Martino2014" class="citation book cs1">Maria Grazia Martino (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tuVhBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA80"><i>The State as an Actor in Religion Policy: Policy Cycle and Governance</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3658069452" title="Special:BookSources/978-3658069452"><bdi>978-3658069452</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+State+as+an+Actor+in+Religion+Policy%3A+Policy+Cycle+and+Governance&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3658069452&rft.au=Maria+Grazia+Martino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtuVhBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081123130345/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/02/09/saudia15305.htm">"Letter to King Abdullah"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 8 February 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/02/09/saudia15305.htm">the original</a> on 23 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+to+King+Abdullah&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2007-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrw.org%2Fenglish%2Fdocs%2F2007%2F02%2F09%2Fsaudia15305.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208622.pdf">International Religious Freedom Report for 2012: Saudi Arabia</a> (20 May 2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/May-15/256556-hrw-urges-saudi-to-free-two-ahmadis-held-for-apostasy.ashx">HAW urges Saudi to free two Ahmadis held for apostasy</a>, The Daily Star, Lebanon News (15 May 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunglawala2009" class="citation news cs1">Bunglawala, Inayat (8 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2009/dec/08/ahmadi-mosque-walsall-protests">"Freedom of worship for Ahmadis"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+worship+for+Ahmadis&rft.date=2009-12-08&rft.aulast=Bunglawala&rft.aufirst=Inayat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2Fbelief%2F2009%2Fdec%2F08%2Fahmadi-mosque-walsall-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2016" class="citation web cs1">Porter, Tom (8 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/hate-leaflets-calling-killing-ahmadi-muslims-distributed-across-london-1553591">"Hate leaflets calling for killing of Ahmadi Muslims distributed across London"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hate+leaflets+calling+for+killing+of+Ahmadi+Muslims+distributed+across+London&rft.date=2016-04-08&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Fhate-leaflets-calling-killing-ahmadi-muslims-distributed-across-london-1553591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/asad-shah-nicola-sturgeon-joins-7631680#61qK6RXGmriEduSA.97">Asad Shah: Nicola Sturgeon joins 500 people at vigil as defiant locals declare 'This is not who we are'</a> dailyrecord.co.uk 25 March 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-35928848">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Kill Ahmadis' leaflets found in UK mosque – BBC News"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Kill+Ahmadis%27+leaflets+found+in+UK+mosque+%E2%80%93+BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-35928848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/apr/25/muslim-council-of-britain-ahmadi-asad-shah">"The Muslim Council of Britain is failing Ahmadis like Asad Shah"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 25 April 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Muslim+Council+of+Britain+is+failing+Ahmadis+like+Asad+Shah&rft.date=2016-04-25&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2016%2Fapr%2F25%2Fmuslim-council-of-britain-ahmadi-asad-shah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albalagh.net/current_affairs/yusuf_ludhianvi.shtml">"Renowned Scholar Maulana Yusuf Ludhianvi Martyred in Karachi"</a>. <i>albalagh.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=albalagh.net&rft.atitle=Renowned+Scholar+Maulana+Yusuf+Ludhianvi+Martyred+in+Karachi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albalagh.net%2Fcurrent_affairs%2Fyusuf_ludhianvi.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunglawala2009" class="citation news cs1">Bunglawala, Inayat (8 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2009/dec/08/ahmadi-mosque-walsall-protests">"Freedom of worship for Ahmadis"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130908182840/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2009/dec/08/ahmadi-mosque-walsall-protests">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+worship+for+Ahmadis&rft.date=2009-12-08&rft.aulast=Bunglawala&rft.aufirst=Inayat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2Fbelief%2F2009%2Fdec%2F08%2Fahmadi-mosque-walsall-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerome" class="citation news cs1">Jerome, Taylor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/hardliners-call-for-deaths-of-surrey-muslims-2112268.html">"Hardliners call for deaths of Surrey Muslims"</a>. <i>Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent&rft.atitle=Hardliners+call+for+deaths+of+Surrey+Muslims&rft.aulast=Jerome&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fhardliners-call-for-deaths-of-surrey-muslims-2112268.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_211-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2010" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Jerome (21 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/hardliners-call-for-deaths-of-surrey-muslims-2112268.html">"Hardliners call for deaths of Surrey Muslims"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606052751/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/hardliners-call-for-deaths-of-surrey-muslims-2112268.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Hardliners+call+for+deaths+of+Surrey+Muslims&rft.date=2010-10-21&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fhardliners-call-for-deaths-of-surrey-muslims-2112268.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmadiyya_Debate-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ahmadiyya_Debate_212-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Main/Player.aspx?meetingId=6641">"Ahmadiyya Debate"</a>. Parliament of United Kingdom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725130152/http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Main/Player.aspx?meetingId=6641">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ahmadiyya+Debate&rft.pub=Parliament+of+United+Kingdom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliamentlive.tv%2FMain%2FPlayer.aspx%3FmeetingId%3D6641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wimbledonguardian.co.uk/news/ahmadiyya/8451614.Election_race_infected_by_anti_Ahmadiyya_hate_campaign/">"Tooting election race infected by anti-Ahmadiyya hate campaign"</a>. <i>Wimbledon Guardian</i>. 14 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101021061949/http://www.wimbledonguardian.co.uk/news/ahmadiyya/8451614.Election_race_infected_by_anti_Ahmadiyya_hate_campaign/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wimbledon+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tooting+election+race+infected+by+anti-Ahmadiyya+hate+campaign&rft.date=2010-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wimbledonguardian.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fahmadiyya%2F8451614.Election_race_infected_by_anti_Ahmadiyya_hate_campaign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOakes" class="citation news cs1">Oakes, Omar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wimbledonguardian.co.uk/news/8451539.Worshippers_told_to_boycott_Ahma%20diyya_shops/">"Worshippers told at Tooting Islamic Centre to boycott Ahmadiyya shops"</a>. <i>Wimbledon Guardian</i>. No. 14 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160812111659/http://www.wimbledonguardian.co.uk/news/8451539.Worshippers_told_to_boycott_Ahma%20diyya_shops/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2016</span>. <q>Ahmadi shopkeepers face financial ruin after clerics demanded a boycott of their shops. Imam Suliman Gani, of the TIC, admitted he personally pleaded with the owner of the Lahore Halal Meat in Tooting not to sell his business to an Ahmadi man. He said: "Since the Qadianis are routinely deceptive about their religion, there was a potential risk of Muslims being offered meat that wasn't necessarily halal."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wimbledon+Guardian&rft.atitle=Worshippers+told+at+Tooting+Islamic+Centre+to+boycott+Ahmadiyya+shops&rft.issue=14+October+2010&rft.aulast=Oakes&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wimbledonguardian.co.uk%2Fnews%2F8451539.Worshippers_told_to_boycott_Ahma%2520diyya_shops%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-35918547">"Asad Shah death: Man in court charged with murder"</a>. BBC. 29 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160329152741/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-35918547">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Asad+Shah+death%3A+Man+in+court+charged+with+murder&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-glasgow-west-35918547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCramb2016" class="citation news cs1">Cramb, Auslan (6 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/06/man-from-bradford-admits-killing-glasgow-shopkeeper-asad-shah/">"Man from Bradford admits killing Glasgow shopkeeper Asad Shah"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408082452/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/06/man-from-bradford-admits-killing-glasgow-shopkeeper-asad-shah/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2016</span>. <q>said it was because he "disrespected" Islam. Tanveer Ahmed, 32, said in a statement that he killed Asad Shah, 40, claiming: "if I had not done this others would".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Man+from+Bradford+admits+killing+Glasgow+shopkeeper+Asad+Shah&rft.date=2016-04-06&rft.aulast=Cramb&rft.aufirst=Auslan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F04%2F06%2Fman-from-bradford-admits-killing-glasgow-shopkeeper-asad-shah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2016" class="citation news cs1">Brooks, Libby (18 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/apr/18/scottish-muslim-groups-ahmadi-anti-extremism-campaign-launch-glasgow">"Scottish Muslim groups fail to attend Ahmadi anti-extremism event"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170328100118/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/apr/18/scottish-muslim-groups-ahmadi-anti-extremism-campaign-launch-glasgow">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Scottish+Muslim+groups+fail+to+attend+Ahmadi+anti-extremism+event&rft.date=2016-04-18&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Libby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2016%2Fapr%2F18%2Fscottish-muslim-groups-ahmadi-anti-extremism-campaign-launch-glasgow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-37021385">"Asad Shah killing: 'Disrespecting Islam' murderer jailed"</a>. BBC. 9 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170314112440/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-37021385">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Asad+Shah+killing%3A+%27Disrespecting+Islam%27+murderer+jailed&rft.date=2016-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-glasgow-west-37021385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2016" class="citation web cs1">Porter, Tom (8 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/hate-leaflets-calling-killing-ahmadi-muslims-distributed-across-london-1553591">"Hate leaflets calling for killing of Ahmadi Muslims distributed across London"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170415034819/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/hate-leaflets-calling-killing-ahmadi-muslims-distributed-across-london-1553591">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hate+leaflets+calling+for+killing+of+Ahmadi+Muslims+distributed+across+London&rft.date=2016-04-08&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Fhate-leaflets-calling-killing-ahmadi-muslims-distributed-across-london-1553591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_File_on_4_2017-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_File_on_4_2017_220-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">Presenter: <a href="/wiki/Manveen_Rana" title="Manveen Rana">Manveen Rana</a>; Producers: Richard Fenton-Smith & Sajid Iqbal; Editor: Gail Champion (3 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b096hczb">"Extremism: Hidden in Plain Sight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/File_on_4" title="File on 4">File on 4</a></i>. BBC. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=File+on+4&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb096hczb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2019" class="citation news cs1">Murphy, Simon (15 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/15/uk-based-tv-station-channel-44-fined-anti-ahmadi-muslim-hate-speech">"UK-based TV station fined for anti-Ahmadi Muslim hate speech"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UK-based+TV+station+fined+for+anti-Ahmadi+Muslim+hate+speech&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fapr%2F15%2Fuk-based-tv-station-channel-44-fined-anti-ahmadi-muslim-hate-speech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/816434/annual-report-18-19.pdf">"Ofcom Annual report 2018-2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ofcom GOV UK</i>. p. 33. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190724080645/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/816434/annual-report-18-19.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>. <q>We are currently considering imposing sanctions for other serious breaches. These include: prolonged hate speech against the Ahmadiyya community which was not justified by the context (broadcast on Channel 44)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ofcom+GOV+UK&rft.atitle=Ofcom+Annual+report+2018-2019&rft.pages=33&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F816434%2Fannual-report-18-19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTobitt2019" class="citation news cs1">Tobitt, Charlotte (15 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/ofcom-fines-channel-44-city-news-network-75000-for-hate-speech-against-ahmadiyya-community/">"Ofcom fines UK Urdu-language news channel £75,000 for 'hate speech' against Muslim group"</a>. <i>Press Gazette</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Press+Gazette&rft.atitle=Ofcom+fines+UK+Urdu-language+news+channel+%C2%A375%2C000+for+%27hate+speech%27+against+Muslim+group&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft.aulast=Tobitt&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressgazette.co.uk%2Fofcom-fines-channel-44-city-news-network-75000-for-hate-speech-against-ahmadiyya-community%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelalloufi2021" class="citation news cs1">Belalloufi, Amal (25 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/algerias-ahmadis-forced-to-worship-behind-closed-doors/">"Algeria's Ahmadis, an Israeli plot, forced to worship behind closed doors"</a>. <i>The Times of Israel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Algeria%27s+Ahmadis%2C+an+Israeli+plot%2C+forced+to+worship+behind+closed+doors&rft.date=2021-08-25&rft.aulast=Belalloufi&rft.aufirst=Amal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Falgerias-ahmadis-forced-to-worship-behind-closed-doors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-HammarnehThielmann2008" class="citation book cs1">Al-Hammarneh, Ala; Thielmann, Jorn (January 2008). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islammuslimsgerm00alha"><i>Islam and Muslims in Germany</i></a></span>. Brill Academic Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islammuslimsgerm00alha/page/n337">317</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Muslims+in+Germany&rft.pages=317&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2008-01&rft.aulast=Al-Hammarneh&rft.aufirst=Ala&rft.au=Thielmann%2C+Jorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislammuslimsgerm00alha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APersecution+of+Ahmadis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saeed, S. (2007), Pakistani Nationalism and the State Marginalisation of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 7: 132–152. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1754-9469.2007.tb00166.x">10.1111/j.1754-9469.2007.tb00166.x</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persecution_of_Ahmadis&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persecutionofahmadis.org/">Website about persecution of Ahmadis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/press-release/Ahmadis-Murdered-in-2009.pdf">Ahmadis Murdered During 2009</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religious_persecution_and_discrimination" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_persecution" title="Template:Religious persecution"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religious_persecution" title="Template talk:Religious persecution"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religious_persecution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religious persecution"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religious_persecution_and_discrimination" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">discrimination</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Christianity" title="Persecution of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity">Tewahedo Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li>Ahmadiyya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_censorship" title="Religious censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_violence" title="Communal violence">Communal violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deprogramming" title="Deprogramming">Deprogramming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desecration" title="Desecration">Desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic violence">Ethnic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">Extrajudicial killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_punishment" title="Extrajudicial punishment">Extrajudicial punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_exclusivism" title="Religious exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">Forced displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_violence" title="Political violence">Political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_cleansing" title="Population cleansing">Population cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">Population transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarian violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_cleansing" title="Social cleansing">Social cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">Segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire</a> (64–313)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_pagans_in_the_late_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire">Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire</a> (c. 324–c. 491)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent">Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent</a> (c.550–c. 1200)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Turban_Rebellion" title="Yellow Turban Rebellion">Yellow Turban Rebellion</a> (c.184–c. 205)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tours" title="Battle of Tours">Battle of Tours</a> (732)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland_massacres" title="Rhineland massacres">Rhineland massacres</a> (1096)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1099)">Jerusalem massacre</a> (1099)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquests_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent">Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent</a> (643–1526)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a> (1184–1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_at_Ayyadieh" title="Massacre at Ayyadieh">Massacre at Ayyadieh</a> (1191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Crusades" title="Northern Crusades">Northern Crusades</a> (12th–16th cent.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusades_to_Europe_and_the_Holy_Land#Crusades_against_heretics_and_schismatics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Crusades to Europe and the Holy Land">Crusades against schismatics</a> (13th–15th cent.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversions_of_Muslims_in_Spain" title="Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain">Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain</a> (1500–1526)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a> (1522–1712)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">Ottoman–Habsburg wars</a> (1526–1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Inquisition" title="Goa Inquisition">Goa Inquisition</a> (1561–1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a> (1562–1598)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Moriscos" title="Expulsion of the Moriscos">Expulsion of the Moriscos</a> (1609–1614)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_Acts" title="Test Acts">Test Acts</a> (1673–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims_during_the_Ottoman_contraction" title="Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction">Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction</a> (1683–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_S%C3%A1mi_people" title="Christianization of the Sámi people">Christianization of the Sámi people</a> (1700s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolutionary dechristianisation</a> (1789–1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_War" title="Utah War">Utah War</a> (1857–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_civil_conflict_in_Mount_Lebanon_and_Damascus" title="1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus">1860 Mount Lebanon civil war</a> (1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_genocide" title="Circassian genocide">Circassian genocide</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_Revolt_(1862%E2%80%931877)" title="Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)">Dungan Revolt</a> (1862–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana_massacre" title="Adana massacre">Adana massacre</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars">Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars</a> (1912–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Greek genocide</a> (1913–1922) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_genocide" title="Pontic Greek genocide">Pontic Greek genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide</a> (1914–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> (1915–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc">Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc</a> (1917–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Religion in the Soviet Union">Soviet persecution</a> (1922–1991) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-religious_campaign_during_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Anti-religious campaign during the Russian Civil War">1917–1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USSR_anti-religious_campaign_(1921%E2%80%931928)" title="USSR anti-religious campaign (1921–1928)">1921–1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USSR_anti-religious_campaign_(1928%E2%80%931941)" title="USSR anti-religious campaign (1928–1941)">1928–1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USSR_anti-religious_campaign_(1958%E2%80%931964)" title="USSR anti-religious campaign (1958–1964)">1958–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USSR_anti-religious_campaign_(1970s%E2%80%931987)" title="USSR anti-religious campaign (1970s–1987)">1970–1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_anti-religious_legislation" title="Soviet anti-religious legislation">legislation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ahovi%C4%87i_massacre" title="Šahovići massacre">Šahovići massacre</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Spain)" title="White Terror (Spain)">White Terror (Spain)</a> (1936–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_boycott_of_Jewish_businesses" title="Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses">Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a> (1939–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia</a> (1941–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_anti-religious_campaign" title="Polish anti-religious campaign">Communist Polish persecution</a> (1945–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-religious_campaign_of_Communist_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-religious campaign of Communist Romania">Communist Romanian persecution</a> (1945–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Bihar_riots" title="1946 Bihar riots">1946 Bihar riots</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Rawalpindi_massacres" title="1947 Rawalpindi massacres">Rawalpindi massacres</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Pakistan#Decline_and_persecution" title="Hinduism in Pakistan">Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan</a> (1947–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_Muslims_in_independent_India" title="Violence against Muslims in independent India">Violence against Muslims in India</a> (1947–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus#India" title="Persecution of Hindus">Violence against Hindus in independent India</a> (1947–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_exodus_from_the_Muslim_world" title="Jewish exodus from the Muslim world">Jewish exodus from the Muslim world</a> (1948–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligious_campaigns_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party">Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party</a> (1949–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_and_uprisings_in_Tibet_since_1950" title="Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950">Persecution of Tibetans</a> (1950–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_Turks_from_Bulgaria_(1950-1951)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria (1950-1951)">Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Religious violence in Nigeria</a> (1953–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_pogrom" title="Istanbul pogrom">Istanbul pogrom</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_crisis" title="Buddhist crisis">Buddhist crisis</a> (1963) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF_Ph%E1%BA%ADt_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3n_shootings" title="Huế Phật Đản shootings">Huế Phật Đản shootings</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Thích Quảng Đức">Thích Quảng Đức</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A1_L%E1%BB%A3i_Pagoda_raids" title="Xá Lợi Pagoda raids">Xá Lợi Pagoda raids</a> (1963)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> (1966–1976) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famen_Temple#People's_Republic_of_China" title="Famen Temple">Famen Temple</a> (1966)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_genocide" title="Bangladesh genocide">Bangladesh genocide</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus#Bangladesh" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh</a> (1971–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a> (1975–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a> (1975–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_anti-Sikh_riots" title="1984 anti-Sikh riots">1984 anti-Sikh riots</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_Process" title="Revival Process">Revival Process</a> (1984–1989) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Excursion" title="Big Excursion">Big Excursion</a> (1989)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_Kashmiri_Hindus" title="Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus">Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> (1991–2001) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing_in_the_Bosnian_War" title="Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War">Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War</a> (1992–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide" title="Bosnian genocide">Bosnian genocide</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Kosovo_War" title="War crimes in the Kosovo War">War crimes in the Kosovo War</a> (1999)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walisongo_school_massacre" title="Walisongo school massacre">Walisongo school massacre</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosheh_massacres" title="Kosheh massacres">Kosheh massacres</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Gujarat_riots" title="2002 Gujarat riots">2002 Gujarat riots</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South Thailand insurgency</a> (2004–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> (2009–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maspero_demonstrations" title="Maspero demonstrations">Maspero demonstrations</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_by_Islamic_extremists_in_Bangladesh" title="Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh">Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh</a> (2013–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidi_genocide" title="Yazidi genocide">Yazidi genocide</a> (2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State">Genocide of Christians by ISIL</a> (2014–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Iraqi Turkmen genocide</a> (2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a> (2014–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Rohingya genocide</a> (2016–ongoing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Delhi_riots" title="2020 Delhi riots">2020 Delhi riots</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Istanbul_church_shooting" title="2024 Istanbul church shooting">2024 Istanbul church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/24px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_Ahmadiyya_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ahmadiyya_topics" title="Template:Ahmadiyya topics"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ahmadiyya_topics" title="Template talk:Ahmadiyya topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ahmadiyya_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ahmadiyya topics"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_Ahmadiyya_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/20px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/30px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/40px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ahmadiyya</span></a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Beliefs and practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iman_(Islam)#The_six_articles_of_faith" title="Iman (Islam)">Six articles of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Distinct views</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prophethood_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)">Prophethood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_view_on_Jihad" title="Ahmadiyya view on Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_views_on_evolution" title="Ahmadiyya views on evolution">Evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_bibliography" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad bibliography">Writings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya" title="Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya">Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Philosophy_of_the_Teachings_of_Islam" title="The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam">The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_India_(book)" title="Jesus in India (book)">Jesus in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noor-ul-Haq_(book)" title="Noor-ul-Haq (book)">Noor-ul-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_of_Islam" title="Victory of Islam">Victory of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malf%C5%ABz%C4%81t" title="Malfūzāt">Malfūzāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafseer-e-Kabeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafseer-e-Kabeer">Tafseer-e-Kabeer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Ahmadiyya Muslim Community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Caliphate#List_of_Ahmadiyya_Caliphs" title="Ahmadiyya Caliphate">Successors of the Messiah:</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Noor-ud-Din" title="Hakeem Noor-ud-Din">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad" title="Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Nasir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Nasir Ahmad">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Tahir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Tahir Ahmad">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Masroor_Ahmad" title="Mirza Masroor Ahmad">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalsa_Salana" title="Jalsa Salana">Jalsa Salana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ahmadiyya_buildings_and_structures" title="List of Ahmadiyya buildings and structures">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Television_Ahmadiyya_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International">MTA International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity_First" title="Humanity First">Humanity First</a> (International Aid Charity)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_by_country" title="Ahmadiyya by country">Ahmadiyya by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_and_other_faiths" title="Ahmadiyya and other faiths">Ahmadiyya and other faiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ahmadis" title="List of Ahmadis">List of Ahmadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement_for_the_Propagation_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam">Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinance_XX" title="Ordinance XX">Ordinance XX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Ahmadiyya" title="Category:Ahmadiyya"><span style="color:#F8B800;">Category</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Discrimination" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination" title="Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Christianity" title="Persecution of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity">Tewahedo Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manifestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White 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