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id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Standing lunging posture in modern yoga</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virabhadrasana_I_-_Warrior_Pose_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Virabhadrasana_I_-_Warrior_Pose_I.jpg/220px-Virabhadrasana_I_-_Warrior_Pose_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Virabhadrasana_I_-_Warrior_Pose_I.jpg/330px-Virabhadrasana_I_-_Warrior_Pose_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Virabhadrasana_I_-_Warrior_Pose_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption>Virabhadrasana I or Warrior Pose I</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Virabhadrasana</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">वीरभद्रासन</span>; <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: Vīrabhadrāsana) or <b>Warrior Pose</b> is a group of related <a href="/wiki/Lunge_(exercise)" title="Lunge (exercise)">lunging</a> <a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">standing asanas</a> in modern <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">yoga as exercise</a> commemorating the exploits of a mythical warrior, <a href="/wiki/Virabhadra" title="Virabhadra">Virabhadra</a>. The name of the pose derives from the Hindu myth, but the pose is not recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">hatha yoga</a> tradition until the 20th century. Virabhadrasana has some similarity with poses in the gymnastics of <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bukh" title="Niels Bukh">Niels Bukh</a> the early 20th century; it has been suggested that it was adopted into yoga from the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">physical culture</a> in India at that time, which was influenced by European gymnastics. </p><p>Virabhadrasana has been described as one of the most iconic poses in yoga. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_origins">Etymology and origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virabhadrasana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pose_like_Virabhadrasana_III_Niels_Bukh_1924.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Pose_like_Virabhadrasana_III_Niels_Bukh_1924.jpg/220px-Pose_like_Virabhadrasana_III_Niels_Bukh_1924.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Pose_like_Virabhadrasana_III_Niels_Bukh_1924.jpg/330px-Pose_like_Virabhadrasana_III_Niels_Bukh_1924.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Pose_like_Virabhadrasana_III_Niels_Bukh_1924.jpg/440px-Pose_like_Virabhadrasana_III_Niels_Bukh_1924.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2282" data-file-height="1472" /></a><figcaption>Pose like Virabhadrasana III, variant with arms out to sides, <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bukh" title="Niels Bukh">Niels Bukh</a>'s <i>Primary Gymnastics</i>, 1924</figcaption></figure> <p>The name is from the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> वीरभद्र <i><a href="/wiki/Virabhadra" title="Virabhadra">Vīrabhadra</a></i>, a mythical warrior, and आसन <i>āsana</i>, a yoga posture or meditation seat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–74_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–74-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly the asana is often called "Warrior Pose" in English.<sup id="cite_ref-YJ_Warrior_I_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YJ_Warrior_I-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancient cave rock sculptures in the <a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a>, specifically cave 16<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and cave 29,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> show a warrior-<a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> figure in a pose somewhat resembling Virabhadrāsana while conquering demons or wooing his consort <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, these poses are not attested in the <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">hatha yoga</a> tradition until the 20th century with the practices of <a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Tirumalai Krishnamacharya</a> and his student <a href="/wiki/Pattabhi_Jois" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattabhi Jois">Pattabhi Jois</a>, who was photographed in Warrior I in about 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-Bahiranga_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bahiranga-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Poses close to Virabhadrasana were described independently of yoga in a European source early in the 20th century, namely in <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bukh" title="Niels Bukh">Niels Bukh</a>'s 1924 Danish text <i><a href="/wiki/Grundgymnastik_eller_primitiv_gymnastik" class="mw-redirect" title="Grundgymnastik eller primitiv gymnastik">Grundgymnastik eller primitiv gymnastik</a></i> (known in English as <i>Primary Gymnastics</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Singleton_2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singleton_2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bukh's poses were derived from a 19th century <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> tradition of gymnastics dating back to <a href="/wiki/Pehr_Henrik_Ling" title="Pehr Henrik Ling">Pehr Ling</a>, and "found their way to India" by the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Singleton_2011_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singleton_2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_scholar)" title="Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)">Mark Singleton</a> suggests that these <a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">standing poses</a> in 20th century India were most likely influenced by the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">physical culture</a> including Bukh-style <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnastics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mythology">Mythology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virabhadrasana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Virabhadra" title="Virabhadra">Virabhadra</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veerabhadra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Veerabhadra.jpg/170px-Veerabhadra.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Veerabhadra.jpg/255px-Veerabhadra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Veerabhadra.jpg/340px-Veerabhadra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2697" data-file-height="3598" /></a><figcaption>The mythical warrior <a href="/wiki/Virabhadra" title="Virabhadra">Virabhadra</a>, his many arms symbolising his powers</figcaption></figure> <p>One version of the myth of <a href="/wiki/Virabhadra" title="Virabhadra">Virabhadra</a> is that the powerful priest <a href="/wiki/Daksha" title="Daksha">Daksha</a> made a great <a href="/wiki/Yagna" class="mw-redirect" title="Yagna">yagna</a> (ritual sacrifice) but did not invite his youngest daughter <a href="/wiki/Sati_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sati (goddess)">Sati</a> and her husband <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, the supreme ruler of the universe. Sati found out and decided to go alone to the yagna. When she arrived, Sati entered into an argument with her father. Unable to withstand his insults, she spoke a vow to her father, "Since it was you who gave me this body, I no longer wish to be associated with it." She walked to the fire and threw herself in. When Shiva heard of Sati's death, he was devastated. He pulled out a lock of his hair and beat it into the ground, where up rose a powerful Warrior. Shiva named this warrior Virabhadra and ordered him to go to the yagna and destroy Daksha and all his guests.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Virabhadra's first aspect, Virabhadrasana I, is his arrival, with swords in both hands, thrusting his way up through the earth from below.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In his second aspect, Virabhadrasana II, he sights his opponent, Daksha.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>And in his third aspect, Virabhadrasana III, moving swiftly and precisely, he decapitates Daksha with his sword.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Shiva then arrives at the yagna and sees the rout that Virabhadra had wrought. Shiva absorbs Virabhadra back into his own form and then transforms into <a href="/wiki/Shiva#Destroyer_and_Benefactor" title="Shiva">Hara</a>, the ravisher. Filled with sorrow and compassion, Shiva finds Daksha's body and gives it the head of a goat, which brings him back to life. In the end Sati is also reborn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virabhadrasana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The poses can be entered from a standing position, <a href="/wiki/Tadasana" title="Tadasana">Tadasana</a>, jumping or stepping the feet wide apart. For Virabhadrasana I, the hips are turned to face the front foot, which is turned fully outwards; the back foot is turned halfway inwards. The body sinks down into a <a href="/wiki/Lunge_(exercise)" title="Lunge (exercise)">lunge</a> until the front knee is bent to a right angle, the back leg remaining straight, and the back foot working to keep the whole of the sole of the foot on the floor. The arms are stretched straight upwards, the back is slightly arched, and the gaze is directed upwards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–74_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–74-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199026–29_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta199026–29-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For Virabhadrasana II, starting from Tadasana, the feet are spread wide, the front foot is turned fully out, and the back foot is turned in very slightly. The body remains facing forwards, so the hips remain in line with the feet, the body sinks down into a lunge until the front knee is bent at a right angle, and the arms are extended fully with the palms down, at shoulder level. The gaze is directed straight forward over the front hand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–74_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–74-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELidell1983150_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELidell1983150-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199026–29_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta199026–29-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For Virabhadrasana III, a more difficult pose requiring strength and balance, again starting from Tadasana, the feet are arranged as for Virabhadrasana I. The trunk is turned fully to face the front foot, with the arms extended straight forwards, the gaze straight forwards, the trunk horizontal and one leg stretched back and also horizontal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–74_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–74-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELidell1983150_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELidell1983150-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199032–33_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta199032–33-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is possible to enter Vīrabhadrasana using <a href="/wiki/Vinyasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyasa">vinyasas</a> starting from <a href="/wiki/Adho_Mukha_Shvanasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Adho Mukha Shvanasana">Adho Mukha Shvanasana</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hughes_A_vs_B_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes_A_vs_B-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or from <a href="/wiki/Tadasana" title="Tadasana">Tadasana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virabhadrasana has been called "easily one of the most iconic and recognizable postures" in <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">yoga as exercise</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Helbert_2015_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helbert_2015-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as "one of the most foundational" and most widely practised.<sup id="cite_ref-Vinyasa_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vinyasa-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 322px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 320px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Virabhadrasana I class in Nepal"><img alt="Virabhadrasana I class in Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81.jpg/480px-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81.jpg/720px-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81.jpg/960px-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5742" data-file-height="3230" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Virabhadrasana I class in Nepal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 280.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 278.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoga_(9707548938).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Virabhadrasana II"><img alt="Virabhadrasana II" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Yoga_%289707548938%29.jpg/418px-Yoga_%289707548938%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="279" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Yoga_%289707548938%29.jpg/627px-Yoga_%289707548938%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Yoga_%289707548938%29.jpg/836px-Yoga_%289707548938%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3125" data-file-height="2019" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Virabhadrasana II</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Virabhadrasana_III_in_Egypt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Virabhadrasana III"><img alt="Virabhadrasana III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Virabhadrasana_III_in_Egypt.jpg/268px-Virabhadrasana_III_in_Egypt.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Virabhadrasana_III_in_Egypt.jpg/402px-Virabhadrasana_III_in_Egypt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Virabhadrasana_III_in_Egypt.jpg/537px-Virabhadrasana_III_in_Egypt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="4042" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Virabhadrasana III</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virabhadrasana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baddha Virabhadrasana, Humble Warrior Pose (Sanskrit बद्ध <i>Baddha</i>, "bound") is a variant of Virabhadrasana I, with the body bent down low over the front leg, and the arms raised vertically above the back, the fingers interlaced.<sup id="cite_ref-Ekhart_Humble_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ekhart_Humble-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Viparita Virabhadrasana, Reverse Warrior Pose (Sanskrit विपरीत <i>viparīta</i>, "reversed"<sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-YB_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YB-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), is a variant of Virabhadrasana II, with the upper body and forward arm tilted backwards. The lower arm may be stretched down the rear leg, or it may reach round the back to the opposite hip. The pose is not found in <a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a>'s 1966 textbook <i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i>, and may have been created as recently as the start of the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-McCrary_2015_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCrary_2015-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaivalya_2012_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaivalya_2012-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The arm position in Virabhadrasana III can be varied; the arms may be held straight out to the sides, or straight back along the sides of the body, or the hands may be held in <a href="/wiki/Anjali_mudra" class="mw-redirect" title="Anjali mudra">prayer position</a> close to the chest.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This pose can be modified to include the <a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">support of blocks</a>. This pose can help build balance and strength.<sup id="cite_ref-Groves_Wei_2017_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Groves_Wei_2017-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 314.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 312.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nama_Baddha_Hasta_Virabhadrasana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Humble Warrior Pose, Baddha Virabhadrasana, a variant of Virabhadrasana I[17]"><img alt="Humble Warrior Pose, Baddha Virabhadrasana, a variant of Virabhadrasana I[17]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nama_Baddha_Hasta_Virabhadrasana.jpg/469px-Nama_Baddha_Hasta_Virabhadrasana.jpg" decoding="async" width="313" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Nama_Baddha_Hasta_Virabhadrasana.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="297" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Humble Warrior Pose, Baddha Virabhadrasana, a variant of Virabhadrasana I<sup id="cite_ref-Ekhart_Humble_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ekhart_Humble-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 187.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reverse_warrior_pose.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reverse Warrior Pose, Viparita Virabhadrasana, a modern variant of Virabhadrasana II[21]"><img alt="Reverse Warrior Pose, Viparita Virabhadrasana, a modern variant of Virabhadrasana II[21]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Reverse_warrior_pose.jpg/278px-Reverse_warrior_pose.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Reverse_warrior_pose.jpg/418px-Reverse_warrior_pose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Reverse_warrior_pose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="449" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reverse Warrior Pose, Viparita Virabhadrasana, a modern variant of Virabhadrasana II<sup id="cite_ref-McCrary_2015_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCrary_2015-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 157.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Virayoga_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Virabhadrasana III variant with arms out to sides and back arched"><img alt="Virabhadrasana III variant with arms out to sides and back arched" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Virayoga_%28cropped%29.jpg/233px-Virayoga_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Virayoga_%28cropped%29.jpg/350px-Virayoga_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Virayoga_%28cropped%29.jpg/466px-Virayoga_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="1304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Virabhadrasana III variant with arms out to sides and back arched</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 264px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 262px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rocket-yoga-18_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Virabhadrasana III variant with hands in reverse prayer position on the lower back"><img alt="Virabhadrasana III variant with hands in reverse prayer position on the lower back" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rocket-yoga-18_%28cropped%29.jpg/393px-Rocket-yoga-18_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="262" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rocket-yoga-18_%28cropped%29.jpg/590px-Rocket-yoga-18_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rocket-yoga-18_%28cropped%29.jpg/786px-Rocket-yoga-18_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3438" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Virabhadrasana III variant with hands in reverse prayer position on the lower back</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virabhadrasana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virabhadrasana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–74-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–74_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–74_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–74_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–74_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIyengar1979">Iyengar 1979</a>, pp. 69–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YJ_Warrior_I-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YJ_Warrior_I_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnon2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Anon (12 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140813022521/http://www.yogajournal.com/poses/1708">"Warrior I Pose"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogajournal.com/poses/1708">the original</a> on 13 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yoga+Journal&rft.atitle=Warrior+I+Pose&rft.date=2017-04-12&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Fposes%2F1708&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elloracaves.org/caves.php?cmd=search&words=siva&cave_ID=&plan_floor=1&image_ID=1778">"Cave 16"</a>. <i>The Ellora Caves</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Ellora+Caves&rft.atitle=Cave+16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felloracaves.org%2Fcaves.php%3Fcmd%3Dsearch%26words%3Dsiva%26cave_ID%3D%26plan_floor%3D1%26image_ID%3D1778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elloracaves.org/caves.php?cmd=search&words=&cave_ID=29&plan_floor=1&image_ID=2114">"Cave 29"</a>. <i>The Ellora Caves</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Ellora+Caves&rft.atitle=Cave+29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felloracaves.org%2Fcaves.php%3Fcmd%3Dsearch%26words%3D%26cave_ID%3D29%26plan_floor%3D1%26image_ID%3D2114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhavalikar2005" class="citation book cs1">Dhavalikar, Madhukar Keshav (2005). <i>Ellora</i>. New Delhi: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 49, 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-567389-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-567389-1"><bdi>0-19-567389-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57431189">57431189</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ellora&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=49%2C+83&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57431189&rft.isbn=0-19-567389-1&rft.aulast=Dhavalikar&rft.aufirst=Madhukar+Keshav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bahiranga-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bahiranga_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahiranga.com/the-history-and-meaning-of-warrior-pose/">"Virabhadrasana or Warrior Pose"</a>. Bahiranga.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virabhadrasana+or+Warrior+Pose&rft.pub=Bahiranga.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahiranga.com%2Fthe-history-and-meaning-of-warrior-pose%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singleton_2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Singleton_2011_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Singleton_2011_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingleton2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_scholar)" title="Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)">Singleton, Mark</a> (4 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogajournal.com/yoga-101/yoga-s-greater-truth">"The Ancient & Modern Roots of Yoga"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+%26+Modern+Roots+of+Yoga&rft.pub=Yoga+Journal&rft.date=2011-02-04&rft.aulast=Singleton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Fyoga-101%2Fyoga-s-greater-truth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span> which makes use of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBukh1924" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bukh" title="Niels Bukh">Bukh, Niels</a> (1924). <i>Grundgymnastik eller primitiv Gymnastik</i> [<i>Primary Gymnastics</i>] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Hagerup. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/467899046">467899046</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grundgymnastik+eller+primitiv+Gymnastik&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=Hagerup&rft.date=1924&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F467899046&rft.aulast=Bukh&rft.aufirst=Niels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingleton2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_scholar)" title="Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)">Singleton, Mark</a> (2010). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yogabodyoriginso0000sing"><i>Yoga Body: The Origins of Modern Posture Practice</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yogabodyoriginso0000sing/page/n171">161</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539534-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539534-1"><bdi>978-0-19-539534-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/318191988">318191988</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga+Body%3A+The+Origins+of+Modern+Posture+Practice&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F318191988&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539534-1&rft.aulast=Singleton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyogabodyoriginso0000sing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar197969–70_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIyengar1979">Iyengar 1979</a>, pp. 69–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta199026–29-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199026–29_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199026–29_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMehta1990">Mehta 1990</a>, pp. 26–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELidell1983150-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELidell1983150_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELidell1983150_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLidell1983">Lidell 1983</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta199032–33-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta199032–33_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMehta1990">Mehta 1990</a>, pp. 32–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hughes_A_vs_B-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hughes_A_vs_B_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes" class="citation web cs1">Hughes, Aimee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogapedia.com/sun-salutation-a-versus-sun-salutation-b-the-difference-you-should-know/2/11269">"Sun Salutation A Versus Sun Salutation B: The Difference You Should Know"</a>. Yogapedia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sun+Salutation+A+Versus+Sun+Salutation+B%3A+The+Difference+You+Should+Know&rft.pub=Yogapedia&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Aimee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogapedia.com%2Fsun-salutation-a-versus-sun-salutation-b-the-difference-you-should-know%2F2%2F11269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422191606/https://vinyasayogatraining.com/resources/virabhadrasana-warrior-pose-1-tutorial/">"Virabhadrasana I (Warrior Pose 1) Tutorial"</a>. Vinyasa Yoga School. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vinyasayogatraining.com/resources/virabhadrasana-warrior-pose-1-tutorial/">the original</a> on 22 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virabhadrasana+I+%28Warrior+Pose+1%29+Tutorial&rft.pub=Vinyasa+Yoga+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvinyasayogatraining.com%2Fresources%2Fvirabhadrasana-warrior-pose-1-tutorial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Helbert_2015-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Helbert_2015_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelbert2015" class="citation book cs1">Helbert, Karla (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SJqDCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA254"><i>Yoga for Grief and Loss: Poses, Meditation, Devotion, Self-Reflection, Selfless Acts, Ritual</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Kingsley_Publishers" title="Jessica Kingsley Publishers">Jessica Kingsley Publishers</a>. p. 254. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85701-163-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85701-163-3"><bdi>978-0-85701-163-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga+for+Grief+and+Loss%3A+Poses%2C+Meditation%2C+Devotion%2C+Self-Reflection%2C+Selfless+Acts%2C+Ritual&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=Jessica+Kingsley+Publishers&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-85701-163-3&rft.aulast=Helbert&rft.aufirst=Karla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSJqDCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vinyasa-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vinyasa_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422191606/https://vinyasayogatraining.com/resources/virabhadrasana-warrior-pose-1-tutorial/">"Virabhadrasana I (Warrior Pose 1) Tutorial"</a>. Vinyasa Yoga School. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vinyasayogatraining.com/resources/virabhadrasana-warrior-pose-1-tutorial/">the original</a> on 22 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virabhadrasana+I+%28Warrior+Pose+1%29+Tutorial&rft.pub=Vinyasa+Yoga+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvinyasayogatraining.com%2Fresources%2Fvirabhadrasana-warrior-pose-1-tutorial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ekhart_Humble-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ekhart_Humble_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ekhart_Humble_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ekhartyoga.com/articles/practice/why-we-practice-the-warrior-poses">"Humble Warrior / Baddha Virabhadrasana"</a>. Ekhart Yoga<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Humble+Warrior+%2F+Baddha+Virabhadrasana&rft.pub=Ekhart+Yoga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekhartyoga.com%2Farticles%2Fpractice%2Fwhy-we-practice-the-warrior-poses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogapedia.com/definition/7370/baddha-virabhadrasana">"Baddha Virabhadrasana"</a>. <i>Yogapedia</i>. 5 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yogapedia&rft.atitle=Baddha+Virabhadrasana&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogapedia.com%2Fdefinition%2F7370%2Fbaddha-virabhadrasana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaia-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaia.com/pose/reverse-warrior-pose-viparita-virabhadrasana">"Reverse Warrior Pose - Viparita Virabhadrasana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gaia,_Inc." title="Gaia, Inc.">Gaia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reverse+Warrior+Pose+-+Viparita+Virabhadrasana&rft.pub=Gaia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaia.com%2Fpose%2Freverse-warrior-pose-viparita-virabhadrasana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YB-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YB_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogabasics.com/asana/reverse-warrior/">"Reverse Warrior"</a>. Yoga Basics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reverse+Warrior&rft.pub=Yoga+Basics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogabasics.com%2Fasana%2Freverse-warrior%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCrary_2015-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCrary_2015_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCrary_2015_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCrary2015" class="citation magazine cs1">McCrary, Meagan (15 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/10-poses-younger-yoga-journal">"#YJ40: 10 Poses Younger Than Yoga Journal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i>. <q>Reverse Warrior You won't find this playful variation of Warrior II Pose in Light on Yoga.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yoga+Journal&rft.atitle=%23YJ40%3A+10+Poses+Younger+Than+Yoga+Journal&rft.date=2015-07-15&rft.aulast=McCrary&rft.aufirst=Meagan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Flifestyle%2F10-poses-younger-yoga-journal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaivalya_2012-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaivalya_2012_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaivalya2012" class="citation news cs1">Kaivalya, Alanna (28 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/yoga-history_b_1453403">"How We Got Here: Where Yoga Poses Come From"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=How+We+Got+Here%3A+Where+Yoga+Poses+Come+From&rft.date=2012-04-28&rft.aulast=Kaivalya&rft.aufirst=Alanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fyoga-history_b_1453403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogajournal.com/poses/warrior-iii-pose">"Warrior III Pose"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a>. 13 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warrior+III+Pose&rft.pub=Yoga+Journal&rft.date=2018-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Fposes%2Fwarrior-iii-pose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavage" class="citation web cs1">Savage, Jenny. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ekhartyoga.com/articles/practice/beginner-tips-for-warrior-3-pose">"Beginner tips for Warrior 3 pose"</a>. Ekhart Yoga<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beginner+tips+for+Warrior+3+pose&rft.pub=Ekhart+Yoga&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekhartyoga.com%2Farticles%2Fpractice%2Fbeginner-tips-for-warrior-3-pose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Groves_Wei_2017-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Groves_Wei_2017_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrovesWei2017" class="citation book cs1">Groves, James; Wei, Marlynn (2017). <i>The Harvard Medical School Guide to Yoga: 8 Weeks to Strength, Awareness, and Flexibility</i>. <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. pp. 319–320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0738219363" title="Special:BookSources/978-0738219363"><bdi>978-0738219363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Harvard+Medical+School+Guide+to+Yoga%3A+8+Weeks+to+Strength%2C+Awareness%2C+and+Flexibility&rft.pages=319-320&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0738219363&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Wei%2C+Marlynn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virabhadrasana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIyengar1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">Iyengar, B. K. S.</a> (1979) [1966]. <a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga"><i>Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Unwin_Paperbacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Unwin Paperbacks">Unwin Paperbacks</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Light+on+Yoga%3A+Yoga+Dipika&rft.pub=Unwin+Paperbacks&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Iyengar&rft.aufirst=B.+K.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLidell1983" class="citation book cs1">Lidell, Lucy, The <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivananda Yoga">Sivananda Yoga</a> Centre (1983). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofyoga0000lide"><i>The Book of Yoga</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Ebury_Publishing" title="Ebury Publishing">Ebury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85223-297-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85223-297-2"><bdi>978-0-85223-297-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12457963">12457963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Yoga&rft.pub=Ebury+Publishing&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12457963&rft.isbn=978-0-85223-297-2&rft.aulast=Lidell&rft.aufirst=Lucy%2C+The+Sivananda+Yoga+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofyoga0000lide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehta1990" class="citation book cs1">Mehta, Silva; Mehta, Mira; Mehta, Shyam (1990). <a href="/wiki/Yoga:_The_Iyengar_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga: The Iyengar Way"><i>Yoga: The Iyengar Way</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Dorling-Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling-Kindersley">Dorling-Kindersley</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga%3A+The+Iyengar+Way&rft.pub=Dorling-Kindersley&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Silva%3B+Mehta%2C+Mira%3B+Mehta%2C+Shyam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirabhadrasana" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asanas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asanas" title="Template:Asanas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asanas" title="Template talk:Asanas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asanas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asanas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asanas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">Asanas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kriy%C4%81" title="Kriyā">Kriya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vinyasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyasa">Vinyasa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">Yoga as therapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Backbend#Asanas" title="Backbend">Backbends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anjaneyasana" title="Anjaneyasana">Anjaneyasana (crescent moon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidalasana" title="Bidalasana">Bidalasana (cat)/Bitilasana (cow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhujangasana" title="Bhujangasana">Bhujangasana (cobra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakrasana" title="Chakrasana">Chakrasana (wheel) or Urdhva Dhanurasana (upward bow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Dandasana" title="Viparita Dandasana">Viparita Dandasana (inverted staff)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapotasana" title="Kapotasana">Kapotasana (pigeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eka_Pada_Rajakapotasana" title="Eka Pada Rajakapotasana">Eka Pada Rajakapotasana (king pigeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustrasana" title="Ustrasana">Ushtrasana (camel)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kapala_Asana_(headstand)_from_Jogapradipika_1830_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kapala Asana (headstand) in Jogapradipika, 1830"><img alt="Kapala Asana (headstand) in Jogapradipika, 1830" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="274" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arm balances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astavakrasana" title="Astavakrasana">Ashtavakrasana (8-angled)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakasana" title="Bakasana">Bakasana (crane) or Kakasana (crow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koundinyasana" title="Koundinyasana">Koundinyasana (the sage Kaundinya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukkutasana" title="Kukkutasana">Kukkutasana (cockerel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasana" title="Mayurasana">Mayurasana (peacock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittibhasana" title="Tittibhasana">Tittibhasana (firefly)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inverted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Adho Mukha Svanasana (downward dog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handstand" title="Handstand">Adho Mukha Vrkshasana (handstand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halasana" title="Halasana">Halasana (plough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvangasana" title="Sarvangasana">Sarvangasana (shoulderstand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setu_Bandha_Sarvangasana" title="Setu Bandha Sarvangasana">Setu Bandha Sarvangasana (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirshasana" title="Shirshasana">Shirshasana (headstand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani (legs up the wall)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrischikasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrischikasana">Vrischikasana (scorpion)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reclining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anantasana" title="Anantasana">Anantasana (Vishnu's couch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_Namaskara" title="Ashtanga Namaskara">Ashtanga Namaskara (eight-limbed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhekasana" title="Bhekasana">Bhekasana (frog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturanga_Dandasana" title="Chaturanga Dandasana">Chaturanga Dandasana (low plank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanurasana" title="Dhanurasana">Dhanurasana (bow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathara_Parivartanasana" title="Jathara Parivartanasana">Jathara Parivartanasana (belly twist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makarasana" title="Makarasana">Makarasana (crocodile)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyasana" title="Matsyasana">Matsyasana (fish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salabhasana" title="Salabhasana">Shalabhasana (locust)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavasana" title="Shavasana">Shavasana (corpse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasishtasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasishtasana">Vasishtasana (side plank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoganidrasana" title="Yoganidrasana">Yoganidrasana (yogic sleep)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sitting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meditation_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Meditation seat">Meditation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baddha_Konasana" title="Baddha Konasana">Baddha Konasana (cobbler)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomukhasana" title="Gomukhasana">Gomukhasana (cow face)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshasana" title="Gorakshasana">Gorakshasana (cowherd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Padmasana (lotus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhasana" title="Siddhasana">Siddhasana (accomplished)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simhasana" title="Simhasana">Simhasana (lion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasana_(yoga)" title="Vajrasana (yoga)">Vajrasana (thunderbolt)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Twists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharadvajasana" title="Bharadvajasana">Bharadvajasana (the sage Bharadvaja)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marichyasana" title="Marichyasana">Marichyasana (the sage Marichi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendrasana" title="Matsyendrasana">Matsyendrasana (the sage Matsyendra, lord of the fishes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasasana" title="Pasasana">Pashasana (noose)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akarna_Dhanurasana" title="Akarna Dhanurasana">Akarna Dhanurasana (shooting bow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasana" title="Balasana">Balasana (child)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbha_Pindasana" title="Garbha Pindasana">Garbha Pindasana (embryo in womb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanumanasana" title="Hanumanasana">Hanumanasana (monkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraunchasana" title="Kraunchasana">Kraunchasana (heron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmasana" title="Kurmasana">Kurmasana (tortoise)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malasana" title="Malasana">Malasana (garland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukasana" title="Mandukasana">Mandukasana (frog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulabandhasana" title="Mulabandhasana">Mulabandhasana (root lock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navasana" title="Navasana">Navasana (boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschimottanasana" title="Paschimottanasana">Paschimottanasana (seated forward bend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_(gymnastics)" title="Split (gymnastics)">Samakonasana (split)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virasana" title="Virasana">Virasana (hero)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Both legs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parighasana" title="Parighasana">Parighasana (gate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parshvottanasana" title="Parshvottanasana">Parshvottanasana (intense side stretch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasarita_Padottanasana" title="Prasarita Padottanasana">Prasarita Padottanasana (wide stance forward bend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadasana" title="Tadasana">Tadasana (mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trikonasana" title="Trikonasana">Trikonasana (triangle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkatasana" title="Utkatasana">Utkatasana (powerful)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttanasana" title="Uttanasana">Uttanasana (standing forward bend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utthita_Parshvakonasana" title="Utthita Parshvakonasana">Utthita Parshvakonasana (sideways)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virabhadrasana (warrior)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">One leg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardha_chandrasana" title="Ardha chandrasana">Ardha Chandrasana (half moon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvasasana" title="Durvasasana">Durvasasana (the sage Durvasa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garudasana" title="Garudasana">Garudasana (eagle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natarajasana" title="Natarajasana">Natarajasana (lord of the dance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utthita_Padangusthasana" title="Utthita Padangusthasana">Utthita Padangusthasana (standing big toe hold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vriksasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vriksasana">Vrikshasana (tree)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yoga_as_exercise" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template talk:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yoga_as_exercise" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asanas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Downward dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Lotus position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditative_postures" title="Meditative postures">Meditation seats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_pose" title="Tree pose">Tree pose</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Warrior</a></li> <li>Accompaniments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viny%C4%81sa" title="Vinyāsa">Vinyāsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_Vinyasas" title="Hasta Vinyasas">Hasta Vinyasas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_teacher_training" title="Yoga teacher training">Teacher training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Standards <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Wheel_of_Yoga" title="British Wheel of Yoga">British Wheel of Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_of_Yoga" title="European Union of Yoga">European Union of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Van_Lysebeth" title="André Van Lysebeth">André Van Lysebeth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Alliance" title="Yoga Alliance">Yoga Alliance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">Therapy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Yoga using props</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/Accessible_yoga" title="Accessible yoga">Accessible yoga</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Trauma-sensitive_yoga" title="Trauma-sensitive yoga">Trauma-sensitive yoga</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Restorative_Yoga" title="Restorative Yoga">Restorative Yoga</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Yoga_nidra" title="Yoga nidra">Yoga nidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Miller_(psychologist)" title="Richard Miller (psychologist)">International Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_yoga" title="Competitive yoga">Competitive yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asana_Journal" title="Asana Journal">Asana Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_brick" title="Yoga brick">Yoga brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_mat" title="Yoga mat">Yoga mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Farmer" title="Angela Farmer">Angela Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugger_Mugger_Yoga_Products" title="Hugger Mugger Yoga Products">Hugger Mugger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica" title="Lululemon Athletica">Lululemon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/80px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/120px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/160px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_yoga" title="Early modern yoga">Early modern yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li>1896 <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bernard_(yogi)" title="Pierre Bernard (yogi)">Pierre Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic Gymnastics">Harmonial gymnastics/yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Agniel" title="Marguerite Agniel">Marguerite Agniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bagot_Stack" title="Mary Bagot Stack">Mary Bagot Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Stebbins" title="Genevieve Stebbins">Genevieve Stebbins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">Physical culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishnu_Charan_Ghosh" title="Bishnu Charan Ghosh">B. C. Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._V._Iyer" title="K. V. Iyer">K. V. Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seetharaman_Sundaram" title="Seetharaman Sundaram">Seetharaman Sundaram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Autobiography_of_a_Yogi" title="Autobiography of a Yogi">Autobiography of a Yogi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_yoga" title="Hot yoga">Hot yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_yoga" title="Science of yoga">Science of yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_by_yoga_gurus" title="Sexual abuse by yoga gurus">Sexual abuse by yoga gurus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Remski" title="Matthew Remski">Matthew Remski</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_and_cultural_appropriation" title="Yoga and cultural appropriation">Yoga and cultural appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_advertising" title="Yoga in advertising">In advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_children" title="Yoga for children">For children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">For women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geeta_Iyengar" title="Geeta Iyengar">Geeta Iyengar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_tourism" title="Yoga tourism">Yoga tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_hybrids" title="List of yoga hybrids">Hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1938 <a href="/wiki/Naked_yoga" title="Naked yoga">Naked yoga</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jude_Boccio" title="Frank Jude Boccio">Frank Jude Boccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Cushman" title="Anne Cushman">Anne Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kabat-Zinn" title="Jon Kabat-Zinn">Jon Kabat-Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lee" title="Cyndi Lee">Cyndi Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Moffitt" title="Phillip Moffitt">Phillip Moffitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Acroyoga" title="Acroyoga">Acroyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doga_(yoga)" title="Doga (yoga)">Doga</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Paddleboard_Yoga" title="Paddleboard Yoga">Paddleboard Yoga</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Aerial_yoga" title="Aerial yoga">Aerial yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_yoga" title="Beer yoga">Beer yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga in America">America</a> <ul><li>1961 <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hittleman" title="Richard Hittleman">Yoga for Health</a></i></li> <li>1970 <i><a href="/wiki/Lilias,_Yoga_and_You" title="Lilias, Yoga and You">Lilias, Yoga and You</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain" title="Yoga in Britain">Britain</a> <ul><li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Lyn_Marshall" title="Lyn Marshall">Lyn Marshall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_France" title="Yoga in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Germany" title="Yoga in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_yoga_in_India" title="Postural yoga in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Italy" title="Yoga in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Russia" title="Yoga in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Sweden" title="Yoga in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brathen" title="Rachel Brathen">Rachel Brathen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li>1941 <a href="/wiki/Selvarajan_Yesudian" title="Selvarajan Yesudian">Selvarajan Yesudian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1996 <i><a href="/wiki/Norman_Sjoman" title="Norman Sjoman">Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace</a></i></li> <li>2004 <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alter" title="Joseph Alter">Yoga in Modern India</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Modern_Yoga" title="A History of Modern Yoga">A History of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2005 <i><a href="/wiki/Positioning_Yoga" title="Positioning Yoga">Positioning Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2010 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Body" title="Yoga Body">Yoga Body</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Subtle_Body" title="The Subtle Body">The Subtle Body</a></i></li> <li>2015 <i><a href="/wiki/Selling_Yoga" title="Selling Yoga">Selling Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2016 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Path_of_Modern_Yoga" title="The Path of Modern Yoga">The Path of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2017 <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2019 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain:_Stretching_Spirituality_and_Educating_Yogis" title="Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis">Yoga in Britain</a></i></li> <li>2020 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Yoga" title="The Story of Yoga">The Story of Yoga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <i><a href="/wiki/Guru_(2006_film)" title="Guru (2006 film)">Guru</a></i></li> <li>2009 <i><a href="/wiki/Enlighten_Up!" title="Enlighten Up!">Enlighten Up!</a></i></li> <li>2012 <i><a href="/wiki/Breath_of_the_Gods" title="Breath of the Gods">Breath of the Gods</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">Schools</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">Gurus</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1918 <a href="/wiki/The_Yoga_Institute" title="The Yoga Institute">The Yoga Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Yogendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Yogendra">Shri Yogendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa_Yogendra" title="Hansa Yogendra">Hansa Yogendra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1924 <a href="/wiki/Kaivalyadhama_Health_and_Yoga_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaivalyadhama Health and Yoga Research Center">Kaivalyadhama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Kuvalayananda" title="Swami Kuvalayananda">Swami Kuvalayananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1934 <a href="/wiki/Viniyoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Viniyoga">Viniyoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Tirumalai Krishnamacharya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Makaranda" title="Yoga Makaranda">Yoga Makaranda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._K._V._Desikachar" title="T. K. V. Desikachar">T. K. V. Desikachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Mohan" title="A. G. Mohan">A. G. Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi">Indra Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivatsa_Ramaswami" title="Srivatsa Ramaswami">Srivatsa Ramaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanda_Scaravelli" title="Vanda Scaravelli">Vanda Scaravelli</a></li></ul></li> <li>c. 1948 <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_vinyasa_yoga" title="Ashtanga vinyasa yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois" title="K. Pattabhi Jois">K. Pattabhi Jois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_style" title="Mysore style">Mysore style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Miller_(yoga_teacher)" title="Tim Miller (yoga teacher)">Tim Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kino_MacGregor" title="Kino MacGregor">Kino MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Schultz" title="Larry Schultz">Larry Schultz</a></li></ul></li> <li>1959 <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Illustrated_Book_of_Yoga" title="Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga">Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/Bihar_School_of_Yoga" title="Bihar School of Yoga">Bihar School of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satyananda_Saraswati" title="Satyananda Saraswati">Satyananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Yoga" title="Ananda Yoga">Ananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Integral_Yoga_(Satchidananda)" title="Integral Yoga (Satchidananda)">Integral Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satchidananda_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Satchidananda Saraswati">Satchidananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Kripalu_Center" title="Kripalu Center">Kripalu Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Desai" title="Amrit Desai">Amrit Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cope" title="Stephen Cope">Stephen Cope</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Institute_of_Yoga_Science_and_Philosophy" title="Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy">Himalayan Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li></ul></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Yoga" title="Bikram Yoga">Bikram Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikram_Choudhury" title="Bikram Choudhury">Bikram Choudhury</a></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Iyengar_Yoga" title="Iyengar Yoga">Iyengar Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_the_Iyengar_Way" title="Yoga the Iyengar Way">Yoga the Iyengar Way</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Mittra" title="Dharma Mittra">Dharma Mittra</a></li> <li>c. 1975 <a href="/wiki/Yin_Yoga" title="Yin Yoga">Yin Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulie_Zink" title="Paulie Zink">Paulie Zink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grilley" title="Paul Grilley">Paul Grilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Powers" title="Sarah Powers">Sarah Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Yoga" title="Forrest Yoga">Forrest Yoga</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Jivamukti_Yoga" title="Jivamukti Yoga">Jivamukti Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Gannon" title="Sharon Gannon">Sharon Gannon</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Power_Yoga" title="Power Yoga">Power Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Bender_Birch" title="Beryl Bender Birch">Beryl Bender Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Kest" title="Bryan Kest">Bryan Kest</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Anusara_School_of_Hatha_Yoga" title="Anusara School of Hatha Yoga">Anusara Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Friend_(yogi)" title="John Friend (yogi)">John Friend</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Core_Strength_Vinyasa_Yoga" title="Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga">Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-lineage_yoga" title="Post-lineage yoga">Post-lineage yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Asanas" title="Template:Asanas">Asanas (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">List of yoga schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_scholars" title="Template:Yoga scholars">Yoga scholars (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yoga_teachers" title="Category:Yoga teachers">Yoga teachers (category)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Yoginis" title="Template:Modern Yoginis">Modern Yoginis (template)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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