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Der Umgang mit lückenhafter Quellenüberlieferung in der Mittelalterforschung. Akten des internationalen Symposiums des Zentrums Mittelalterforschung der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 19.-21. März 2009, hgg. C. Gastgeber, C. Glassner, K. Holzer-Tobisch, R. Spreitzer."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"de","title":"Wenn ‚original' nicht original ist","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [5381827]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":61341102,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Wenn ‚original' nicht original ist”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/61341102/mini_magick20191126-14598-o9lq2c.png?1574773100" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Wenn ‚original' nicht original ist</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5381827" href="https://oeaw.academia.edu/RenateKohn"><img alt="Profile image of Renate Kohn" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Renate Kohn</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2010, Fragmente. Der Umgang mit lückenhafter Quellenüberlieferung in der Mittelalterforschung. Akten des internationalen Symposiums des Zentrums Mittelalterforschung der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 19.-21. März 2009, hgg. C. Gastgeber, C. Glassner, K. Holzer-Tobisch, R. Spreitzer.</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Von der Schwierigkeit der Entschlüsselung fragmentarischer Inschriftenüberlieferung.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":61341102,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/41073810/Wenn_original_nicht_original_ist"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":61341102,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/41073810/Wenn_original_nicht_original_ist"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="61341102" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/41073810/Wenn_original_nicht_original_ist" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="57749711" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57749711/Originalit%C3%A4t_durch_Unversch%C3%A4mtheit">Originalität durch Unverschämtheit?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45165782" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AloysPrinz">Aloys Prinz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Review of Economics</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">SummaryThe objective of this paper is to understand certain developments in contemporary arts from an economic point of view. The peculiarity of art is its aesthetic quality in combination with its value as an investment object. Accordingly, four segments of the art market may be distinguished: warehouse art, business art, connoisseur art and high art. Because of their high aesthetic quality, only the last two segments of the market are of interest in this paper. On the market for high art, a dominance of investors is to be expected because this art has to please the average taste of investors. The market for connoisseur art will be dominated by an art elite which is merely interested in aesthetic quality. One of the crucial elements of contemporary art is its chutzpah. The economic reason for this is the necessity to attract interest. This aspect of modern art is seen as a common feature of art and marketing. This may explain the alliances between art and enterprises as well as the...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Originalität durch Unverschämtheit?","attachmentId":72497016,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57749711/Originalit%C3%A4t_durch_Unversch%C3%A4mtheit","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57749711/Originalit%C3%A4t_durch_Unversch%C3%A4mtheit"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="35804108" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35804108/Universalit%C3%A4t_und_Originalit%C3%A4t_im_%C3%9Cbersetzungsdiskurs">Universalität und Originalität im Übersetzungsdiskurs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31196208" href="https://ege.academia.edu/FarukY%C3%BCcel">Faruk Yücel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ÖZET Bu makalede, çeviri bilim ve tarihinde farklı bağlamlarda gündeme gelen 'özgünlük' ve 'evrensellik' ile ilgili görüşlerin ardında yatan etmenler sorgulanmaktadır. 'Özgünlük ve 'evrensellik' konusunu irdeleyebilmek için, öncelikle 'özgünlüğün' ve 'evrenselliğin' ne anlamda kullanıldığına ve bu bunların hangi kavram ve ölçütlere dayandırıldığına bakmak gerekmektedir. İleri sürülen görüşlerin göreceliği, tarihsel bir yaklaşımı gerekli kılmaktadır. Kavramların bu niteliği, bütünleyici bir tanımlama yapmayı da zorlaştırmaktadır. Ancak konunun anlaşılabilmesi için, bu görüşlerin oluşmasında etkili olan bazı kavram ve ölçütler vardır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada karşıt bir konum içerisinde sürdürülen çevrilebilirlilik-çevrilemezlik, yabancılaştırma-yerelleştirme, akılcılık-akıl dışılık, kaynak ve erek dil odaklılık gibi kavram ve ölçütlerin söylemleri nasıl geliştirdiği irdelenmektedir. ABSTRACT This article questions the factors underlying the ideas related with originality and universality which is found in different contexts of translation studies and translation history. To explore originality and universality we must first of all define these terms paying particular attention to related concepts and criteria. A historical approach is necessary because of the relativity of the assertions, so it is hard to make an incorporating definition. However, in order to make things clear we need to take into account some of the concepts and criteria which had an impact on the formation of these ideas. Therefore in this article how discourses develop concepts or criteria such as translatibility-untranslatibility, foreignization-domestication, rationality-irrationality, source text orientedness and target-text orientedness, will be investigated.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Universalität und Originalität im Übersetzungsdiskurs","attachmentId":55681013,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35804108/Universalit%C3%A4t_und_Originalit%C3%A4t_im_%C3%9Cbersetzungsdiskurs","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35804108/Universalit%C3%A4t_und_Originalit%C3%A4t_im_%C3%9Cbersetzungsdiskurs"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="106285506" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/106285506/_Original_und_Kopie_des_Rappoltsteiner_Parzifal_">‚Original‘ und ‚Kopie‘ des ‚Rappoltsteiner Parzifal‘</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37259860" href="https://unibe-ch.academia.edu/MichaelStolz">Michael Stolz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Schaffen und Nachahmen, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"‚Original‘ und ‚Kopie‘ des ‚Rappoltsteiner Parzifal‘","attachmentId":105523812,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106285506/_Original_und_Kopie_des_Rappoltsteiner_Parzifal_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106285506/_Original_und_Kopie_des_Rappoltsteiner_Parzifal_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="40203126" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40203126/Die_Originalit%C3%A4t_der_Br%C3%BCcke_">Die Originalität der "Brücke"</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="60427435" href="https://berlin-bard.academia.edu/AyaSoika">Aya Soika</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Zeitschrift für Kunsttechnologie und Konservierung (ZKK), 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Essay on questions of innovation, originality and authenticity of Brücke paintings, the group's painting practices, their use of the back canvas and their understanding of what constitutes a "good work", and the problems of post-war canonization of German Expressionism. In German only. Published in Zeitschrift für Kunsttechnologie und Konservierung (ZKK), Heft 1/2013 (Werner'sche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms), pp. 77-90</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Die Originalität der \"Brücke\"","attachmentId":103969464,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40203126/Die_Originalit%C3%A4t_der_Br%C3%BCcke_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40203126/Die_Originalit%C3%A4t_der_Br%C3%BCcke_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="1363729" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1363729/Plagiat_und_F%C3%A4lschung_Filiationen_von_Originalit%C3%A4t_und_Autorschaft">Plagiat und Fälschung: Filiationen von Originalität und Autorschaft</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1193070" href="https://hs-duesseldorf.academia.edu/MartinDoll">Martin Doll</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plagiate. Fälschungen, Imitate und andere Strategien aus zweiter Hand,, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Gegenüberstellung von Fälschung und Plagiat. Ausgehend von einer analytischen Unterscheidung beider Phänomene wird eine signifikante Gemeinsamkeit herausgearbeitet. Bei beiden wird nämlich stillschweigend eine Zweiheit – ein vorgängiges Werk, eine textliche Autorität – vorausgesetzt, die zugleich zum Verschwinden gebracht wird. Da in diesem Zusammenhang nicht nur das Fälschen und Plagiieren als ›Delikt‹ gilt, sondern auch das Versagen von Experten, dies zu erkennen, werden vor allem die kritischen Effekte, die bei der Aufdeckung angestoßen werden, in den Blick genommen. Um diese kritischen Implikationen vor Augen zu führen, wird ein 1944 unter dem Namen Ern Malley in der Literaturszene Australiens platziertes Gedicht-Fake genauer untersucht. Denn es sollte nicht nur avant la lettre den poetologischen Tod des Autors präfigurieren, sondern auch Auswirkungen auf den literarischen Avantgarde-Diskurs Australiens zeitigen, die ein vergleichbares ‚Original’ nicht gehabt hätte.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Plagiat und Fälschung: Filiationen von Originalität und Autorschaft","attachmentId":8492231,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1363729/Plagiat_und_F%C3%A4lschung_Filiationen_von_Originalit%C3%A4t_und_Autorschaft","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1363729/Plagiat_und_F%C3%A4lschung_Filiationen_von_Originalit%C3%A4t_und_Autorschaft"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="9800699" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9800699/Das_gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fte_Problem_im_Benchmarking_Prozess_Das_Original_%C3%BCberfl%C3%BCgeln">Das größte Problem im Benchmarking-Prozess: Das Original überflügeln</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13011711" href="https://ostfalia.academia.edu/HaraldRau">Harald Rau</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Benchmarking liegt im Trend. Keiner will zurückstehen, wenn es darum geht, sich an anderen zu messen, gute Lösungen ab- zukupfern, Erfolg erfolgreich zu kopieren. Doch in der Praxis stellt das noch junge Management-Werkzeug die Anwender vor immer neue Herausforderungen, von denen lediglich eine in der hierzulande schwierigen Informationsbeschaffung liegt. Harald Rau beschreibt die größten Probleme und stellt die wichtigsten Voraussetzungen zusammen, die Ihr Benchmarking-Projekt zum Erfolg führen.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Das größte Problem im Benchmarking-Prozess: Das Original überflügeln","attachmentId":35973418,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9800699/Das_gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fte_Problem_im_Benchmarking_Prozess_Das_Original_%C3%BCberfl%C3%BCgeln","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9800699/Das_gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fte_Problem_im_Benchmarking_Prozess_Das_Original_%C3%BCberfl%C3%BCgeln"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="42641536" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42641536/Originalismus_als_methodologischer_Scheinriese_und_verfassungspolitische_Konterrevolution">Originalismus als methodologischer Scheinriese und verfassungspolitische Konterrevolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6262955" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/JohannesReich">Johannes Reich</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">«Originalismus» als methodologischer Scheinriese und verfassungspolitische Konterrevolution, in: Susanne Baer/Oliver Lepsius/Christoph Schönberger/Christian Waldhoff/Christian Walter (Hrsg.), Jahrbuch des öffentlichen Rechts der Gegenwart 65 (2017), S. 713-742, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Rechtsvergleichende Kritik der Auslegung der Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika aufgrund ihres Wortlautes in seiner ursprünglichen Bedeutung</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Originalismus als methodologischer Scheinriese und verfassungspolitische Konterrevolution","attachmentId":62847203,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42641536/Originalismus_als_methodologischer_Scheinriese_und_verfassungspolitische_Konterrevolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/42641536/Originalismus_als_methodologischer_Scheinriese_und_verfassungspolitische_Konterrevolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="92739325" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92739325/Originell_und_kreativ">Originell und kreativ</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="147956598" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnjaPostler">Anja Postler</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Was macht die Einzigartigkeit kreativer Lösungen aus? Ist Originalität das Hauptmerkmal von kreativen Produkten und Personen? Kann Kreativität durch Training und Techniken gefördert werden? Lothar Laux und sein Team beantworten diese und weitere Fragen auf anschauliche und abwechslungsreiche Weise. Mit vielen Beispielen und Abbildungen bringen sie ihre Faszination für originelle Ideen kreativer Persönlichkeiten zum Ausdruck. Sie laden die Leserinnen und Leser zudem ein, ihre eigenen kreativen Möglichkeiten für sich zu entdecken. Die Beispiele stammen aus Anwendungsbereichen wie Architektur, Theater, Fernsehen, Film, Literatur, Kunst, Medien und Produktentwicklung. Die Spannweite der Einzelthemen reicht vom antiken göttlichen Funken bis zur aktuellen Frage, ob die mithilfe von Künstlicher Intelligenz geschaffenen Werke wirklich die Qualität menschlicher Kreativität erreichen. Zwischen diesen beiden Polen liefert das Buch Ideen und Material zu folgenden Aspekten der Kreativitätsforsch...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Originell und kreativ","attachmentId":95668041,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92739325/Originell_und_kreativ","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92739325/Originell_und_kreativ"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="27689236" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27689236/Autorschaft_Sch%C3%B6pfung_und_Originalit%C3%A4t_einige_%C3%9Cberlegungen_aus_unterschiedlichen_Blickwinkeln">Autorschaft, Schöpfung und Originalität: einige Überlegungen aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9982655" href="https://ufpr.academia.edu/AngelaKretschmann">Angela Kretschmann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Dieser Kommentar analysiert das Konzept der Originalität und der kreativen geistigen Arbeit nicht nur aus rechtlicher und juristischer Sicht, sondern bezieht auch andere Erkenntnisse über deren Bedeutung und Sinn in der aktuellen digitalen Gesellschaft mit ein. Er schlägt daher ein Umdenken der Begriffe "Autor", "Autorschaft" und "Plagiat" vor, welche nur selten hinterfragt werden. Dieser Kommentar zielt darauf ab, die Funktion des urheberrechtlichen Schutzes ausgehend von der Bedeutung des „Autors“ zu untersuchen. Dies ist nicht möglich, ohne die Konzepte der geistigen Schöpfung sowie der Originalität zu verstehen. Dabei ist es notwendig, nicht nur aus brasilianischer Perspektive, sich nicht nur über die Rechtsfragen, sondern auch über parallele Begrifflichkeiten in der Philosophie, Linguistik und Psychoanalyse Klarheit zu verschaffen.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Autorschaft, Schöpfung und Originalität: einige Überlegungen aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln","attachmentId":47954657,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27689236/Autorschaft_Sch%C3%B6pfung_und_Originalit%C3%A4t_einige_%C3%9Cberlegungen_aus_unterschiedlichen_Blickwinkeln","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27689236/Autorschaft_Sch%C3%B6pfung_und_Originalit%C3%A4t_einige_%C3%9Cberlegungen_aus_unterschiedlichen_Blickwinkeln"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="9097653" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9097653/Originale_und_Nachahmer">Originale und Nachahmer</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20683798" href="https://rwth-aachen.academia.edu/Karl_UwePetersen">Karl_Uwe Petersen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Medizinische Klinik, 2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">□ Hintergrund Moderne Richtlinien der Arzneimittelzulassung zielen auf eine weitgehende Austauschbarkeit wirkstoffgleicher Präparate. Therapeutische Äquivalenz zwischen Original und Generikum wird angenommen, sobald die Bioäquivalenz belegt ist. Diese ist gegeben, wenn pharmazeutische Äquivalenz besteht (dieselben Wirkstoffmengen in derselben Dosierform) und die Bioverfügbarkeit nur innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Rahmens abweicht. Drastische Abweichungen generischer Präparate vom Original — in der Vergangenheit nicht selten — sind unter diesem Regime rar geworden. □ Aktuelle Relevanz Raum für zum Teil erstaunliche Diskrepanzen zwischen zugelassenen Präparaten bleibt jedoch auch heute noch, da die praktizierten Verfahren — schon aus Kostengründen — potentiell erhebliche Aspekte nicht erfassen: Untersuchungen erfolgen in der Regel nur an jungen, gesunden, meist männlichen Freiwilligen, eine mögliche Nahrungsabhängigkeit der Bioverfügbarkeit wird nicht geprüft, und nach erfolgter Zulassung wird eine gleichbleibende Qualität — wie bei allen Herstellen — nicht überwacht. Bei der Bioverfügbarkeit werden Abweichungen vom Original toleriert, die beim Wechsel vom Generikum mit demniedrigsten zum Präparat mit dem höchsten Wert einen Umschlag von geringer Wirksamkeit in einen Bereich mit toxischen Effekten bedeuten können. Dokumentierte Beispiele, alle nach 1990 berichtet, finden sich für Carbamazepin, Phenytoin, Levothyroxin, Verapamil und ASS. □ Schlußfolgerungen Es folgt, daß auch die heutigen ausgefeilten Regelungen nicht alle Eventualitäten abdecken können. Besonders bei Wirkstoffen mit geringer therapeutischer Breite muß der Auswahl eines Präparats eine sorgfältige Abwägung vorausgehen. Diese erstreckt sich neben der Dokumentation auch auf den wissenschaftlichen Service und die bei der betreffenden Firma zu erwartende Verläßlichkeit des Produckts. Neben der nicht immer ausreichenden Firmendokumentation gewinnen Informationsquellen im Internet an Bedeutung. □ Background Modern guidelines of drug approval aim at interchangeability of drugs containing the same active ingredients. Therapeutic equivalence of original and generic drugs is assumed as soon as bioequi valence is documented. For this to be accepted, first, pharmaceutical equivalence must prevail (the same amount of active substances in the same dosage forms) and, second, differences in bioavailabilities must not exceed certain limits. Drastic deviations from the original — not infrequent in the past — have become rare under the new sets of rules. □ Current Relevance However, there is still room for sometimes stunning discrepancies between approved drugs, since the current procedures — mainly for economic reasons — do not cover some potentially relevant aspects: Usually, studies are performed on young, healthy, mostly male volunteers; possible effects of meals on bioavailability are not investigated and, after approval of a drug, maintenance of attested quality — as with all manufacturers — is not monitored. Moreover, the tolerated deviations from the bioavailability of the original drug are quite large; with certain substances, a change from the generic drug with the lowest bioavailability to that with the highest could mean transition from low efficacy to a toxic dose level. Documented examples include carbamazepine, phenytoin, levothyroxin, verapamil, and aspirin. □ Conclusions In conclusion, even today’s sophisticated rules do not suffice to cover all eventualities. In particular, drugs with a narrow therapeutic range require close scrutiny in product selection. Pertinent are drug documentation as well as the distinguishing features of the respective manufacturers, mainly scientific support and record of product reliability. Besides the sometimes in-sufficient official documentation, the internet has been gaining importance as a source of information.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Originale und Nachahmer","attachmentId":47887914,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9097653/Originale_und_Nachahmer","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9097653/Originale_und_Nachahmer"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":61341102,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":61341102,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_61341102" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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ds2-5-body-xs">In: Das Selbst und die Welt – Beiträge zu Kant und der nachkantischen Philosophie (Festschrift für Günter Zöller), eds. 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kein Meisterwerk</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27079389" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ReinhardStupperich">Reinhard Stupperich</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1977</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Keine Fälschung - kein Meisterwerk","attachmentId":81175151,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72115688/Keine_F%C3%A4lschung_kein_Meisterwerk","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72115688/Keine_F%C3%A4lschung_kein_Meisterwerk"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="2074678" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2074678/Eine_Kopie_der_Norm_Unique_06_2011_">Eine Kopie der Norm? 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Das Subjekt, das nicht eins ist","attachmentId":99198573,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97628310/Das_Subjekt_das_nicht_eins_ist","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97628310/Das_Subjekt_das_nicht_eins_ist"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="1617774" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1617774/Kalkulierte_Originalit%C3%A4t_Legitimationsmythos_und_%C3%B6konomische_Wirklichkeit_geistigen_Eigentums">Kalkulierte Originalität: Legitimationsmythos und ökonomische Wirklichkeit geistigen Eigentums</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1875646" href="https://univie.academia.edu/OdinKroeger">Odin Kroeger</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geistiges Eigentum und Originalität: Zur Politik der Wissens- und Kulturproduktion, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kalkulierte Originalität: 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data-collection-position="23" data-entity-id="103483310" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103483310/Es_ist_immer_falsch_ein_Absolutes_zu_setzen">Es ist immer falsch, ein Absolutes zu setzen</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="105564326" href="https://independent.academia.edu/romancaspar">roman caspar</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Es ist immer falsch, ein Absolutes zu setzen","attachmentId":103478902,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103483310/Es_ist_immer_falsch_ein_Absolutes_zu_setzen","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" 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