MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

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<option value="biosensors" > Biosensors </option> <option value="biotech" > BioTech </option> <option value="birds" > Birds </option> <option value="blockchains" > Blockchains </option> <option value="brainsci" > Brain Sciences </option> <option value="buildings" > Buildings </option> <option value="businesses" > Businesses </option> <option value="carbon" > C </option> <option value="cancers" > Cancers </option> <option value="cardiogenetics" > Cardiogenetics </option> <option value="catalysts" > Catalysts </option> <option value="cells" > Cells </option> <option value="ceramics" > Ceramics </option> <option value="challenges" > Challenges </option> <option value="ChemEngineering" > ChemEngineering </option> <option value="chemistry" > Chemistry </option> <option value="chemproc" > Chemistry Proceedings </option> <option value="chemosensors" > Chemosensors </option> <option value="children" > Children </option> <option value="chips" > Chips </option> <option value="civileng" > CivilEng </option> <option value="cleantechnol" > Clean Technologies (Clean Technol.) </option> <option value="climate" > Climate </option> <option value="ctn" > Clinical and Translational Neuroscience (CTN) </option> <option value="clinbioenerg" > Clinical Bioenergetics </option> <option value="clinpract" > Clinics and Practice </option> <option value="clockssleep" > Clocks & Sleep </option> <option value="coasts" > Coasts </option> <option value="coatings" > Coatings </option> <option value="colloids" > Colloids and Interfaces </option> <option value="colorants" > Colorants </option> <option value="commodities" > Commodities </option> <option value="complications" > Complications </option> <option value="compounds" > Compounds </option> <option value="computation" > Computation </option> <option value="csmf" > Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum </option> <option value="computers" > Computers </option> <option value="condensedmatter" > Condensed Matter </option> <option value="conservation" > Conservation </option> <option value="constrmater" > Construction Materials </option> <option value="cmd" > Corrosion and Materials Degradation (CMD) </option> <option value="cosmetics" > Cosmetics </option> <option value="covid" > COVID </option> <option value="crops" > Crops </option> <option value="cryo" > Cryo </option> <option value="cryptography" > Cryptography </option> <option value="crystals" > Crystals </option> <option value="cimb" > Current Issues in Molecular Biology (CIMB) </option> <option value="curroncol" > Current Oncology </option> <option value="dairy" > Dairy </option> <option value="data" > Data </option> <option value="dentistry" > Dentistry Journal </option> <option value="dermato" > Dermato </option> <option value="dermatopathology" > Dermatopathology </option> <option value="designs" > Designs </option> <option value="diabetology" > Diabetology </option> <option value="diagnostics" > Diagnostics </option> <option value="dietetics" > Dietetics </option> <option value="digital" > Digital </option> <option value="disabilities" > Disabilities </option> <option value="diseases" > Diseases </option> <option value="diversity" > Diversity </option> <option value="dna" > DNA </option> <option value="drones" > Drones </option> <option value="ddc" > Drugs and Drug Candidates (DDC) </option> <option value="dynamics" > Dynamics </option> <option value="earth" > Earth </option> <option value="ecologies" > Ecologies </option> <option value="econometrics" > Econometrics </option> <option value="economies" > Economies </option> <option value="education" > Education Sciences </option> <option value="electricity" > Electricity </option> <option value="electrochem" > Electrochem </option> <option value="electronicmat" > Electronic Materials </option> <option value="electronics" > Electronics </option> <option value="ecm" > Emergency Care and Medicine </option> <option value="encyclopedia" > Encyclopedia </option> <option value="endocrines" > Endocrines </option> <option value="energies" > Energies </option> <option value="esa" > Energy Storage and Applications (ESA) </option> <option value="eng" > Eng </option> <option value="engproc" > Engineering Proceedings </option> <option value="entropy" > Entropy </option> <option value="environsciproc" > Environmental Sciences Proceedings </option> <option value="environments" > Environments </option> <option value="epidemiologia" > Epidemiologia </option> <option value="epigenomes" > Epigenomes </option> <option value="ebj" > European Burn Journal (EBJ) </option> <option value="ejihpe" > European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE) </option> <option value="fermentation" > Fermentation </option> <option value="fibers" > Fibers </option> <option value="fintech" > FinTech </option> <option value="fire" > Fire </option> <option value="fishes" > Fishes </option> <option value="fluids" > Fluids </option> <option value="foods" > Foods </option> <option value="forecasting" > Forecasting </option> <option value="forensicsci" > Forensic Sciences </option> <option value="forests" > Forests </option> <option value="fossstud" > Fossil Studies </option> <option value="foundations" > Foundations </option> <option value="fractalfract" > Fractal and Fractional (Fractal Fract) </option> <option value="fuels" > Fuels </option> <option value="future" > Future </option> <option value="futureinternet" > Future Internet </option> <option value="futurepharmacol" > Future Pharmacology </option> <option value="futuretransp" > Future Transportation </option> <option value="galaxies" > Galaxies </option> <option value="games" > Games </option> <option value="gases" > Gases </option> <option value="gastroent" > Gastroenterology Insights </option> <option value="gastrointestdisord" > Gastrointestinal Disorders </option> <option value="gastronomy" > Gastronomy </option> <option value="gels" > Gels </option> <option value="genealogy" > Genealogy </option> <option value="genes" > Genes </option> <option value="geographies" > Geographies </option> <option value="geohazards" > GeoHazards </option> <option value="geomatics" > Geomatics </option> <option value="geometry" > Geometry </option> <option value="geosciences" > Geosciences </option> <option value="geotechnics" > Geotechnics </option> <option value="geriatrics" > Geriatrics </option> <option value="glacies" > Glacies </option> <option value="gucdd" > Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD) </option> <option value="grasses" > Grasses </option> <option value="hardware" > Hardware </option> <option value="healthcare" > Healthcare </option> <option value="hearts" > Hearts </option> <option value="hemato" > Hemato </option> <option value="hematolrep" > Hematology Reports </option> <option value="heritage" > Heritage </option> <option value="histories" > Histories </option> <option value="horticulturae" > Horticulturae </option> <option value="hospitals" > Hospitals </option> <option value="humanities" > Humanities </option> <option value="humans" > Humans </option> <option value="hydrobiology" > Hydrobiology </option> <option value="hydrogen" > Hydrogen </option> <option value="hydrology" > Hydrology </option> <option value="hygiene" > Hygiene </option> <option value="immuno" > Immuno </option> <option value="idr" > Infectious Disease Reports </option> <option value="informatics" > Informatics </option> <option value="information" > Information </option> <option value="infrastructures" > Infrastructures </option> <option value="inorganics" > Inorganics </option> <option value="insects" > Insects </option> <option value="instruments" > Instruments </option> <option value="iic" > Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction </option> <option value="ijerph" > International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) </option> <option value="ijfs" > International Journal of Financial Studies (IJFS) </option> <option value="ijms" > International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) </option> <option value="IJNS" > International Journal of Neonatal Screening (IJNS) </option> <option value="ijpb" > International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB) </option> <option value="ijt" > International Journal of Topology </option> <option value="ijtm" > International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM) </option> <option value="ijtpp" > International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP) </option> <option value="ime" > International Medical Education (IME) </option> <option value="inventions" > Inventions </option> <option value="IoT" > IoT </option> <option value="ijgi" > ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) </option> <option value="J" > J </option> <option value="jal" > Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL) </option> <option value="jcdd" > Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD) </option> <option value="jcto" > Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO) </option> <option value="jcm" > Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) </option> <option value="jcs" > Journal of Composites Science (J. Compos. Sci.) </option> <option value="jcp" > Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy (JCP) </option> <option value="jdad" > Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (JDAD) </option> <option value="jdb" > Journal of Developmental Biology (JDB) </option> <option value="jeta" > Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA) </option> <option value="jfb" > Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB) </option> <option value="jfmk" > Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK) </option> <option value="jof" > Journal of Fungi (JoF) </option> <option value="jimaging" > Journal of Imaging (J. Imaging) </option> <option value="jintelligence" > Journal of Intelligence (J. Intell.) </option> <option value="jlpea" > Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA) </option> <option value="jmmp" > Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP) </option> <option value="jmse" > Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE) </option> <option value="jmahp" > Journal of Market Access & Health Policy (JMAHP) </option> <option value="jmp" > Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP) </option> <option value="jnt" > Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT) </option> <option value="jne" > Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE) </option> <option value="ohbm" > Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM) </option> <option value="jop" > Journal of Parks </option> <option value="jpm" > Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM) </option> <option value="jpbi" > Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI) </option> <option value="jor" > Journal of Respiration (JoR) </option> <option value="jrfm" > Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM) </option> <option value="jsan" > Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN) </option> <option value="joma" > Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA) </option> <option value="jtaer" > Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER) </option> <option value="jvd" > Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD) </option> <option value="jox" > Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX) </option> <option value="jzbg" > Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG) </option> <option value="journalmedia" > Journalism and Media </option> <option value="kidneydial" > Kidney and Dialysis </option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases" > Kinases and Phosphatases </option> <option value="knowledge" > Knowledge </option> <option value="labmed" > LabMed </option> <option value="laboratories" > Laboratories </option> <option value="land" > Land </option> <option value="languages" > Languages </option> <option value="laws" > Laws </option> <option value="life" > Life 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Mathematics </option> <option value="medsci" > Medical Sciences </option> <option value="msf" > Medical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="medicina" > Medicina </option> <option value="medicines" > Medicines </option> <option value="membranes" > Membranes </option> <option value="merits" > Merits </option> <option value="metabolites" > Metabolites </option> <option value="metals" > Metals </option> <option value="meteorology" > Meteorology </option> <option value="methane" > Methane </option> <option value="mps" > Methods and Protocols (MPs) </option> <option value="metrics" > Metrics </option> <option value="metrology" > Metrology </option> <option value="micro" > Micro </option> <option value="microbiolres" > Microbiology Research </option> <option value="micromachines" > Micromachines </option> <option value="microorganisms" > Microorganisms </option> <option value="microplastics" > Microplastics </option> <option value="minerals" > Minerals </option> <option value="mining" > Mining </option> <option value="modelling" > Modelling </option> <option value="mmphys" > Modern Mathematical Physics </option> <option value="molbank" > Molbank </option> <option value="molecules" > Molecules </option> <option value="mti" > Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI) </option> <option value="muscles" > Muscles </option> <option value="nanoenergyadv" > Nanoenergy Advances </option> <option value="nanomanufacturing" > Nanomanufacturing </option> <option value="nanomaterials" > Nanomaterials </option> <option value="ndt" > NDT </option> <option value="network" > Network </option> <option value="neuroglia" > Neuroglia </option> <option value="neurolint" > Neurology International </option> <option value="neurosci" > NeuroSci </option> <option value="nitrogen" > Nitrogen </option> <option value="ncrna" > Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA) </option> <option value="nursrep" > Nursing Reports </option> <option value="nutraceuticals" > Nutraceuticals </option> <option value="nutrients" > 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Med.) </option> <option value="resources" > Resources </option> <option value="rheumato" > Rheumato </option> <option value="risks" > Risks </option> <option value="robotics" > Robotics </option> <option value="ruminants" > Ruminants </option> <option value="safety" > Safety </option> <option value="sci" > Sci </option> <option value="scipharm" > Scientia Pharmaceutica (Sci. Pharm.) </option> <option value="sclerosis" > Sclerosis </option> <option value="seeds" > Seeds </option> <option value="sensors" > Sensors </option> <option value="separations" > Separations </option> <option value="sexes" > Sexes </option> <option value="signals" > Signals </option> <option value="sinusitis" > Sinusitis </option> <option value="smartcities" > Smart Cities </option> <option value="socsci" > Social Sciences </option> <option value="siuj" > Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal (SIUJ) </option> <option value="societies" > Societies </option> <option value="software" > Software </option> <option value="soilsystems" > Soil Systems </option> <option value="solar" > Solar </option> <option value="solids" > Solids </option> <option value="spectroscj" > Spectroscopy Journal </option> <option value="sports" > Sports </option> <option value="standards" > Standards </option> <option value="stats" > Stats </option> <option value="stresses" > Stresses </option> <option 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value="women" > Women </option> <option value="world" > World </option> <option value="wevj" > World Electric Vehicle Journal (WEVJ) </option> <option value="youth" > Youth </option> <option value="zoonoticdis" > Zoonotic Diseases </option> </select> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Article Type</div> </div> <select id="article_type" tabindex="4" name="article_type" class="chosen-select"> <option value="">All Article Types</option> <option value="research-article">Article</option> <option value="review-article">Review</option> <option value="rapid-communication">Communication</option> <option value="editorial">Editorial</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="book-review">Book Review</option> <option value="brief-communication">Brief Communication</option> <option value="brief-report">Brief Report</option> <option value="case-report">Case Report</option> <option 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Recent Articles <a href="/latest_articles" style="color: #fff; display: inline-block; width: 1px; cursor: default;"> </a> </h1> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content"> <div class="generic-item article-item no-border"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 15 pages, 3295 KiB   </span> <a href="/2310-2861/10/12/757/pdf?version=1732331479" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Electrostatic Gelatin Nanoparticles for Biotherapeutic Delivery" data-journal="gels"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2310-2861/10/12/757">Electrostatic Gelatin Nanoparticles for Biotherapeutic Delivery</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Connor Tobo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Avantika Jain</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Madhushika Elabada Gamage</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Paul Jelliss</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Koyal Garg</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Gels</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>10</em>(12), 757; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10120757 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Biological agents such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) and growth factors, when administered in vivo, often face rapid clearance, limiting their therapeutic potential. To address this challenge and enhance their efficacy, we propose the electrostatic conjugation and sequestration of these agents into gelatin-based biomaterials. <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/12/757/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Biological agents such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) and growth factors, when administered in vivo, often face rapid clearance, limiting their therapeutic potential. To address this challenge and enhance their efficacy, we propose the electrostatic conjugation and sequestration of these agents into gelatin-based biomaterials. In this study, gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized via the nanoprecipitation method, with adjustments to the pH of the gelatin solution (4.0 or 10.0) to introduce either a positive or negative charge to the nanoparticles. The GNPs were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. Both positively and negatively charged GNPs were confirmed to be endotoxin-free and non-cytotoxic. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs exhibited characteristic surface markers and a notable negative charge. Zeta potential measurements validated the electrostatic conjugation of MSC-EVs with positively charged GNPs. Utilizing a transwell culture system, we evaluated the impact of EV-GNP conjugates encapsulated within a gelatin hydrogel on macrophage secretory activity. The results demonstrated the bioactivity of EV-GNP conjugates and their synergistic effect on macrophage secretome over five days of culture. In summary, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of electrostatically coupled biotherapeutics with biomaterials for tissue regeneration applications. <a href="/2310-2861/10/12/757">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/gels/special_issues/O82U18DA9B ">Hydrogel for Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Therapeutics</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/12/757/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527537"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527537"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527537" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527537" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527537" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527537-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g001-550.jpg?1732331606" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527537" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527537-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g002-550.jpg?1732331608'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527537-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g003-550.jpg?1732331609'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527537-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g004-550.jpg?1732331610'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527537-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g005-550.jpg?1732331611'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527537-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g006-550.jpg?1732331612'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527537-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g007-550.jpg?1732331613'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527537-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g008-550.jpg?1732331614'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527537-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g001-550.jpg?1732331606" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>GNP size, morphology, and zeta potential characterization. The size distribution of acidic (<b>A</b>) and alkaline (<b>B</b>) GNPs is shown. TEM images show particle morphology and integrity of acidic (<b>C</b>) and alkaline (<b>D</b>) GNPs (scale bar = 200 nm). (<b>E</b>) Comparison of zeta potential of acidic GNPs vs. alkaline GNPs is presented. Data reported as mean ± standard deviation. A <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test demonstrates statistical significance (*** denotes <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001, n = 3).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2310-2861/10/12/757'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g002-550.jpg?1732331608" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Powder XRD spectra comparing stock type-A gelatin (<b>A</b>) and acidic GNPs (<b>B</b>). FTIR spectra of both (<b>C</b>,<b>E</b>) type A and B gelatin and (<b>D</b>,<b>F</b>) type A and type B GNPs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2310-2861/10/12/757'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g003-550.jpg?1732331609" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>LDH Assay assessing cytotoxicity. No statistically significant differences were detected between GNP treatment groups and untreated media control (# denotes significance between all other groups, <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001 (n = 3)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2310-2861/10/12/757'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g004-550.jpg?1732331610" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>MSC-EV size and surface marker characterization. (<b>A</b>) NTA data shows an average EV particle size range of 50–300 nm (n = 5). NTA for 1X PBS is also shown as negative control (n = 3). (<b>B</b>) An exo-check array reveals the presence of EV-specific markers, confirming the successful isolation of EVs. A marker for cellular contamination (GM130) was negative.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2310-2861/10/12/757'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g005-550.jpg?1732331611" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>) Zeta potential measurements comparing acidic GNPs and EVs versus GNP<sup>+</sup>:EV conjugates. From left to right, GNP<sup>+</sup>:EV ratios tested include 400:1, 200:1, and 100:1. Each GNP and conjugate measurement maintained a consistent GNP concentration of 1.0 mg/mL while EV concentration was changed between groups. Different EV concentrations are specified (x-axis). (<b>B</b>) The zeta potential of alkaline GNPs, EVs, and their respectively combined solutions in the same ratios of 400:1, 200:1, and 100:1. Statistical comparisons between measurements of different GNP<sup>+</sup> to EV ratios are not shown for ease of viewing. Data is represented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3, statistical significance is denoted by * for <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05 between groups for One-way ANOVA).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2310-2861/10/12/757'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g006-550.jpg?1732331612" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Release of GNP<sup>+</sup>:EV Conjugates and Their Temporal Effects on Bioactivity. (<b>A</b>) IL-6 secretion is significantly reduced in groups treated with GNP<sup>+</sup>:EV conjugates over the course of both three and five days, and it is also reduced on day three for cells cultured with control gels (<b>B</b>) Macrophages treated with EVs and GNP<sup>+</sup>:EV conjugates secreted significantly more VEGF than cells treated with gels containing only GNPs. (<b>C</b>) IGF-1 concentration is not significantly different amongst any groups. (<b>D</b>) No differences in cellular proliferation were noted between groups (n = 4, * denotes <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, a repeated measures two-way ANOVA was used for analysis).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2310-2861/10/12/757'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g007-550.jpg?1732331613" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>GNP<sup>+</sup>:EV conjugation increases particle size and offers protection for improved retention of biological cargo.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2310-2861/10/12/757'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/gels/gels-10-00757/article_deploy/html/images/gels-10-00757-g008-550.jpg?1732331614" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>GNP synthesis using the nanoprecipitation method and carbodiimide crosslinking prior to resuspension.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2310-2861/10/12/757'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 4830 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4441/16/23/3364/pdf?version=1732330609" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Integrating Policy Instruments for Enhanced Urban Resilience: A Machine Learning and IoT-Based Approach to Flood Mitigation" data-journal="water"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4441/16/23/3364">Integrating Policy Instruments for Enhanced Urban Resilience: A Machine Learning and IoT-Based Approach to Flood Mitigation</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lili Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Linlong Bian</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Arturo S. Leon</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zeda Yin</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Beichao Hu</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Water</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3364; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16233364 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> In the context of global urbanization, the interconnected architecture of economic, social, and administrative activities in modern cities cultivates a complex web of interdependencies. This intricacy amplifies the impacts of natural disasters such as urban flooding, presenting unprecedented challenges in risk management and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/23/3364/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> In the context of global urbanization, the interconnected architecture of economic, social, and administrative activities in modern cities cultivates a complex web of interdependencies. This intricacy amplifies the impacts of natural disasters such as urban flooding, presenting unprecedented challenges in risk management and disaster responsiveness. To address these challenges, this study defines the concept of urban flood resilience and outlines its practical applications in flood risk management, proposing an integrated resilience governance framework. The framework systematically enhances urban flood management by combining structural flood mitigation methods with advanced technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and non-structural decision-support tools powered by Machine Learning Algorithms (MLAs). This integrated approach aims to improve early flood warning systems, optimize urban infrastructure planning, and reduce flood-related risks. The case study of the Cypress Creek watershed validates the framework’s effectiveness under specific scenarios, achieving reductions of 25% in inundation area, 30% in peak flow, and 20% in total flood volume. These results not only demonstrate the framework’s efficacy in mitigating flood impacts but also provide empirical support for developing resilient urban governance models, highlighting the essential role of adaptive policy instruments in urban flood management. <a href="/2073-4441/16/23/3364">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/water/special_issues/3VSGC6C7U4 ">Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Water Resources Systems</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/23/3364/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527536"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527536"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527536" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527536" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527536" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527536-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g001-550.jpg?1732330710" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527536" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527536-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g002-550.jpg?1732330711'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527536-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g003-550.jpg?1732330712'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527536-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g004-550.jpg?1732330714'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527536-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g005-550.jpg?1732330715'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527536-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g006-550.jpg?1732330717'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527536-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g007-550.jpg?1732330721'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527536-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g008-550.jpg?1732330724'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527536-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g009-550.jpg?1732330727'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527536-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g010-550.jpg?1732330729'><p>Figure 10</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527536-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g001-550.jpg?1732330710" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Graphical representation of resilience.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/16/23/3364'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g002-550.jpg?1732330711" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Structural approach for the IoT of the resilience framework.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/16/23/3364'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g003-550.jpg?1732330712" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Non-structural approach for the decision support system of the resilience framework.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/16/23/3364'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g004-550.jpg?1732330714" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The framework for urban resilience improvement.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/16/23/3364'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g005-550.jpg?1732330715" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>The prototype of the automatic remotely water releasing structure.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/16/23/3364'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g006-550.jpg?1732330717" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>The hydrological information condition in the Cypress Creek Watershed.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/16/23/3364'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g007-550.jpg?1732330721" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>The precipitation distribution of the interpolated observed accumulated rainfall records for the seven meteorological stations in the Cypress Creek watershed.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/16/23/3364'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g008-550.jpg?1732330724" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>The comparison of the hydrographs between the simulated and the observed streamflow.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/16/23/3364'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g009-550.jpg?1732330727" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Flood mitigation effect for medium rainfall events.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/16/23/3364'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-16-03364/article_deploy/html/images/water-16-03364-g010-550.jpg?1732330729" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Flood mitigation for extreme rainfall events.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/16/23/3364'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 2439 KiB   </span> <a href="/1467-3045/46/12/797/pdf?version=1732328529" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Characterization of a Cancer-Induced Bone Pain Model for Use as a Model of Cancer Cachexia" data-journal="cimb"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/1467-3045/46/12/797">Characterization of a Cancer-Induced Bone Pain Model for Use as a Model of Cancer Cachexia</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Takuya Hasegawa</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kohichi Kawahara</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Koji Sato</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yoshihisa Asano</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Takehiko Maeda</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>46</em>(12), 13364-13382; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46120797 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Cancer cachexia is a debilitating syndrome characterized by progressive weight loss, muscle wasting, and systemic inflammation. Despite the prevalence and severe consequences of cancer cachexia, effective treatments for this syndrome remain elusive. Therefore, there is a greater need for well-characterized animal models to <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/12/797/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Cancer cachexia is a debilitating syndrome characterized by progressive weight loss, muscle wasting, and systemic inflammation. Despite the prevalence and severe consequences of cancer cachexia, effective treatments for this syndrome remain elusive. Therefore, there is a greater need for well-characterized animal models to identify novel therapeutic targets. Certain manifestations of cachexia, such as pain and depression, have been extensively studied using animal models of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). In contrast, other aspects of cachexia have received less attention in these models. To address this issue, we established the CIBP model by injecting Lewis lung carcinoma into the intramedullary cavity of the femur, observed cachexia-related symptoms, and demonstrated the utility of this model as a preclinical platform to study cancer cachexia. This model accurately recapitulates key features of cancer cachexia, including weight loss, muscle atrophy, adipose tissue depletion, CIBP, and anxiety. These findings suggest that psychological factors, in addition to physiological and metabolic factors, play significant roles in cancer cachexia development. Our model offers a valuable resource for investigating the underlying mechanisms of cancer cachexia and for developing innovative therapeutic strategies that target physical and psychological components. <a href="/1467-3045/46/12/797">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/cimb/sections/Molecular_Medicine">Molecular Medicine</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/12/797/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527532"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527532"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527532" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527532" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527532" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527532-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cimb/cimb-46-00797/article_deploy/html/images/cimb-46-00797-g001-550.jpg?1732328595" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527532" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527532-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cimb/cimb-46-00797/article_deploy/html/images/cimb-46-00797-g002-550.jpg?1732328600'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527532-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cimb/cimb-46-00797/article_deploy/html/images/cimb-46-00797-g003-550.jpg?1732328604'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527532-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cimb/cimb-46-00797/article_deploy/html/images/cimb-46-00797-g004-550.jpg?1732328606'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527532-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cimb/cimb-46-00797/article_deploy/html/images/cimb-46-00797-g005-550.jpg?1732328609'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527532-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cimb/cimb-46-00797/article_deploy/html/images/cimb-46-00797-g001-550.jpg?1732328595" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Changes in body weight, food intake, and fluid intake of mouse model with femoral implanted Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. (<b>a</b>) Food intake and (<b>b</b>) water intake were recorded every 3 days for 4 weeks. (<b>c</b>) Change in body weight per week. (<b>d</b>) Final body weight (excluding tumor mass) was calculated on the concluding day of the study. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 7–8). *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001, and **** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0001 compared with the control group.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1467-3045/46/12/797'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cimb/cimb-46-00797/article_deploy/html/images/cimb-46-00797-g002-550.jpg?1732328600" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Significant muscle wasting occurs in a cancer cachexia model with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) implanted in the femoral cavity. (<b>a</b>) Evaluation of relative changes in mass of heart and skeletal muscles (tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), soleus (SOL), and gastrocnemius (GAS)) 4 weeks after LLC transplantation (n = 7–8). (<b>b</b>) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections (scale bar, 50 μm) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of TA muscles (n = 6). (<b>c</b>) Forearm grip strength (grams) over time. (<b>d</b>) Relative mRNA expression levels of <span class="html-italic">Atrogin-1</span>, <span class="html-italic">MuRF-1</span>, <span class="html-italic">Bnip3</span>, and <span class="html-italic">Gabarapl1</span> (n = 7). Statistical comparisons were performed using a two-tailed unpaired <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test for normally distributed data or Mann–Whitney U test for non-parametric data. Significance levels are indicated as * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01, *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001, and **** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0001.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1467-3045/46/12/797'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cimb/cimb-46-00797/article_deploy/html/images/cimb-46-00797-g003-550.jpg?1732328604" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Transplantation of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) into the femoral cavity promotes lipolysis. (<b>a</b>) Relative change in epididymal fat mass at the endpoint of the experiment (n = 7–8). (<b>b</b>) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections (Scale bar, 50 μm.) and epididymal fat cross-sectional area (CSA) from the LLC and sham groups (n = 6). (<b>c</b>) Relative mRNA expression levels of <span class="html-italic">Ucp1</span> and <span class="html-italic">Dio2</span> (n = 6). Comparisons were statistically tested with a two-tailed unpaired <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test for normally distributed data or Mann–Whitney U test for non-parametric data. Significances are shown as * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01, and **** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0001.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1467-3045/46/12/797'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cimb/cimb-46-00797/article_deploy/html/images/cimb-46-00797-g004-550.jpg?1732328606" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Inflammatory markers in a cancer cachexia model with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) implanted in the femoral cavity. (<b>a</b>) Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and (<b>b</b>) interleukin (IL)-6 were measured using a ProQuantum Immunoassay Kit. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 8). (<b>c</b>) Comparison of liver and weight (n = 5). (<b>d</b>) Comparison of inflammatory markers (<span class="html-italic">APCs</span>, <span class="html-italic">Orm1</span>, and <span class="html-italic">IL-1β</span>) in the liver by quantitative real-time PCR. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (sham n= 6, LLC n= 5). Statistical comparisons were conducted using a two-tailed unpaired <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test for normally distributed data or Mann–Whitney U test for non-parametric data. Significance levels are denoted as * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001, and **** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0001 compared with the sham group.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1467-3045/46/12/797'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cimb/cimb-46-00797/article_deploy/html/images/cimb-46-00797-g005-550.jpg?1732328609" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Behavioral evaluation in a cancer cachexia model with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) implanted in the femoral cavity. (<b>a–c</b>) Behavioral tests were performed 4 weeks after LLC transplantation. (<b>a</b>) Immobility times were compared between the LLC and sham groups in the forced swim test (FST) 4 weeks post-LLC inoculation (n = 8). (<b>b</b>) Immobility time was measured in the tail suspension test (TST) (sham n= 8, LLC n= 16). (<b>c</b>) Time spent and entry rate in the open arms of the elevated plus maze (EPM) were recorded (sham n = 8, LLC n = 16). (<b>d</b>) Weight-bearing capacity of the hindlimb of mice inoculated with LLC was measured (sham n = 16, LLC n = 14). Statistical comparisons were conducted using a two-tailed unpaired <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test for normally distributed data or Mann–Whitney U test for non-parametric data. Significance levels are denoted as * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01, and **** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0001 compared with the sham group.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1467-3045/46/12/797'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527535" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527535" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527535" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2073-4395/14/12/2781/s1?version=1732329388"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 595 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 3173 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4395/14/12/2781/pdf?version=1732329388" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Functional Analysis of Two Carboxylesterase Genes Involved in Beta-Cypermethrin and Phoxim Resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.)" data-journal="agronomy"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4395/14/12/2781">Functional Analysis of Two Carboxylesterase Genes Involved in Beta-Cypermethrin and Phoxim Resistance in <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.)</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ran Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Liang Liang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yujia Zhao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Junyi Zhang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhiyuan Hao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Haibo Zhao</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pei Liang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Agronomy</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(12), 2781; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14122781 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Enhanced expression of carboxylesterase (CarE) genes is an important mechanism of insecticide resistance in pests. However, their roles in multi-insecticide resistance have rarely been reported. Herein, two CarE genes (<i>PxαE6</i> and <i>PxαE9</i>) were identified; their relative expression levels in three multi-insecticide-resistant <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2781/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Enhanced expression of carboxylesterase (CarE) genes is an important mechanism of insecticide resistance in pests. However, their roles in multi-insecticide resistance have rarely been reported. Herein, two CarE genes (<i>PxαE6</i> and <i>PxαE9</i>) were identified; their relative expression levels in three multi-insecticide-resistant populations of <i>P. xylostella</i> (HN, GD-2017 and GD-2019) were 2.69- to 15.32-fold higher than those in the sensitive population, and they were considerably overexpressed at the larval stage and in the midgut of the 4th instar. <i>PxαE6</i> and <i>PxαE9</i> knockdown increased the susceptibility of GD-2019 larvae to phoxim or/and beta-cypermethrin. The recombinant PxαE6 and PxαE9 expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> exhibited high hydrolysis activity towards α-NA. GC–MS and LC–MS/MS assays revealed that PxαE9 could metabolize beta-cypermethrin and phoxim with efficiency determinations of 51.6% and 21.1%, respectively, while PxαE6 could metabolize phoxim with an efficiency of 12.0%. Homology modelling, molecular docking and molecular-dynamics simulation analyses demonstrated that beta-cypermethrin or/and phoxim could fit well into the active pocket and stably bind to PxαE6 or PxαE9. These results show that <i>PxαE6</i> and <i>PxαE9</i> overexpression were involved in resistance to beta-cypermethrin or/and phoxim in multi-insecticide-resistant <i>P. xylostella</i> populations, a finding which sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of multi-insecticide resistance in insect pests. <a href="/2073-4395/14/12/2781">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/agronomy/special_issues/L748QMX2YB ">Insecticide Resistance: The Genetic Basis and Underlying Mechanisms in Pests</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2781/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527535"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527535"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527535" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527535" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527535" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g001-550.jpg?1732329456" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527535" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g002-550.jpg?1732329460'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g003-550.jpg?1732329463'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g004-550.jpg?1732329463'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g005-550.jpg?1732329465'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g006-550.jpg?1732329466'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g007-550.jpg?1732329469'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527535-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g008-550.jpg?1732329471'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527535-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g001-550.jpg?1732329456" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>CarE-specific activity of third-instars of <span class="html-italic">Plutella xylostella</span> from SS, HN, GD-2017 and GD-2019 populations. Means with distinct lowercase letters are significantly different.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2781'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g002-550.jpg?1732329460" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Relative expression of <span class="html-italic">PxaE6</span> and <span class="html-italic">PxαE9</span> in four populations (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>) and various developmental stages (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>) and body parts/tissues (<b>E</b>,<b>F</b>) of <span class="html-italic">Plutella xylostella</span>. SS, susceptible population. Three field populations: HN, GD-2017 and GD-2019. L1–L4, first to fourth instars. MT, malpighian tubule. The results are depicted as the mean ± standard deviation (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 3), with bars labeled by distinct lowercase letters indicating a statistically significant difference (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) according to a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2781'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g003-550.jpg?1732329463" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Relative expression of <span class="html-italic">PxaE6</span> (<b>A</b>) and <span class="html-italic">PxαE9</span> (<b>C</b>) in the 3rd larvae with dsRNA of selected <span class="html-italic">PxαE9</span> or ds<span class="html-italic">EGFP</span>. Mortalities of ds<span class="html-italic">PxαE6</span>- (<b>B</b>) and ds<span class="html-italic">PxαE9</span>-injected (<b>D</b>) third instars of <span class="html-italic">P. xylostella</span> 48 h post treatment with LC<sub>50</sub>. CYP, beta-cypermethrin; CHL, chlorantraniliprole; PHO, phoxim; TEB, tebufenozide; MET: metaflumizone. The asterisk * denotes a significant distinction between the treatment and control groups (Student’s <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test; <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05). Lowercase letters indicating a statistically significant difference (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) according to a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2781'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g004-550.jpg?1732329463" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Analysis of recombinant PxαE6 and PxαE9 by SDS-PAGE (<b>A</b>) and WB assay (<b>B</b>). The recombinant proteins were fractionated on 10% gels, and WB analysis was conducted using an anti-His tag antibody. Lanes 1, pColdII vector with 0.5 mM IPTG; M, protein ladder; Lanes 2, recombinant vector of PxαE6 with 0.5 mM IPTG; Lanes 3, purified proteins of PxαE6; Lanes 4, recombinant vector of PxαE9 with 0.5 mM IPTG; Lanes 5, purified proteins of PxαE9. WB: Western blot.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2781'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g005-550.jpg?1732329465" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>The catalytic kinetic parameters of recombinant PxαE6 (<b>A</b>) and PxαE9 (<b>B</b>). <span class="html-italic">V</span><sub>max</sub>, maximum velocity; <span class="html-italic">K</span><sub>m</sub>, Michaelis–Menten constant. Values are presented as mean ± standard error (SE).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2781'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g006-550.jpg?1732329466" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Residues of phoxim after incubation with purified recombinant PxαE6 (<b>A</b>). Residues of beta-cypermethrin (<b>B</b>) and phoxim (<b>C</b>) after incubation with purified PxαE9. Heat-inactivated recombinant PxαE6 or PxαE9 (boiled PxαE6 or PxαE9) and blank controls (no proteins were added) were used as double controls. The data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with n = 3 replicates. Bars labeled with distinct lowercase letters indicated significant differences (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2781'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g007-550.jpg?1732329469" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>The overall structure (left) and binding model (right) of PxαE6 and PxaE9 relative to insecticides. (<b>A</b>) PxαE6 and phoxim. (<b>B</b>) PxαE9 and beta-cypermethrin. (<b>C</b>) PxαE9 and phoxim. Note: Beta-cypermethrin and phoxim are represented in green and cyan, respectively. Gray, H; blue, N; red, O; green, Cl; firebrick, Br; yellow, S; orange, P. Residues of catalytic triad (Ser-Glu-His) are presented with deep-blue slate lines. Oxyanion holes are presented with green lines, anion sites are blue-colored lines and acyl binding pockets are shown with orange lines. Other amino acids which can form hydrogen bonds with pesticides are shown with yellow lines. The hydrogen bonds are shown with red dotted lines.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2781'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02781/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02781-g008-550.jpg?1732329471" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>–<b>D</b>) The binding models of PxαE9 and (<span class="html-italic">S</span>)-(1<span class="html-italic">R</span>, 3<span class="html-italic">R</span>)-beta-cypermethrin, (<span class="html-italic">R</span>)-(1<span class="html-italic">S</span>, 3<span class="html-italic">S</span>) -beta-cypermethrin, (<span class="html-italic">S</span>)-(1<span class="html-italic">R</span>, 3<span class="html-italic">S</span>) -beta-cypermethrin and (<span class="html-italic">R</span>)-(1<span class="html-italic">S</span>, 3<span class="html-italic">R</span>)-beta-cypermethrin. Note: The beta-cypermethrin molecule is depicted by green lines. Residues of catalytic triad (Ser-Glu-His) are represented with deep-blue slate lines. Anion sites are depicted with blue lines, oxyanion holes are represented with green lines, and acyl binding pockets are represented by orange lines. The hydrogen bonds are illustrated with red dotted lines.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2781'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527534" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527534" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527534" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/1422-0067/25/23/12583/s1?version=1732328698"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 1537 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 15 pages, 2385 KiB   </span> <a href="/1422-0067/25/23/12583/pdf?version=1732328697" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Eleutherin and Isoeleutherin Activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Strain’s: Molecular Docking and Antibacterial Evaluation" data-journal="ijms"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/1422-0067/25/23/12583">Eleutherin and Isoeleutherin Activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strain’s: Molecular Docking and Antibacterial Evaluation</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mírian Letícia Carmo Bastos</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Houéfa Egidia Fallon Adido</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ananda Karolyne Martins de Brito</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cristian Kallahan Silva Chagas</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ana Laura Gadelha Castro</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gleison Gonçalves Ferreira</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pedro Henrique Costa Nascimento</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Walice Rans da Silva Padilha</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rosana Moura Sarmento</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Viviane Vasconcelos Garcia</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Andrey Moacir do Rosario Marinho</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Patrícia Santana Barbosa Marinho</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Johnatt Allan Rocha de Oliveira</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Valdicley Vieira Vale</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sandro Percário</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Fâni Dolabela</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>25</em>(23), 12583; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312583 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Naphthoquinones eleutherin and isoeleutherin have demonstrated promising antibacterial activity, probably due to their quinone structure, which can generate reactive oxygen species. The study examines the activities of pathogens, such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, associated with antimicrobial resistance and explores their <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/23/12583/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Naphthoquinones eleutherin and isoeleutherin have demonstrated promising antibacterial activity, probably due to their quinone structure, which can generate reactive oxygen species. The study examines the activities of pathogens, such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, associated with antimicrobial resistance and explores their potential mechanisms of action. The MIC, IC<sub>50</sub>, and MBC were determined. PharmMapper 2017 server and GOLD 2020.1 software were utilized for molecular docking to identify protein targets and interaction mechanisms. The docking predictions were verified by redocking, focusing on structures with RMSD below 2 Å. The molecular docking revealed a significant affinity of eleutherin for the peptide, transcriptional regulator QacR, and regulatory protein BlaR1 with better interactions with BlaR1 than the crystallographic ligand (benzylpenicillin). Isoeleutherin demonstrated specific interactions with methionine aminopeptidase, indicating specificity and affinity. In summary, the difference in naphthoquinones activities may be related to structural differences. Eleutherin exhibits potential as a therapeutic adjuvant to reverse bacterial resistance in <i>S. aureus</i>, suggesting this molecule interferes with the antibiotic resistance mechanism. The absence of homologous proteins or variations in the structure of the target proteins could be the cause of the inactivity against <i>E. coli</i>. <a href="/1422-0067/25/23/12583">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/ijms/special_issues/ER294DT857 ">From Biomolecules to Therapies: Bridging the Gap with Molecular Mechanisms, Computational Design, and Drug Delivery</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/23/12583/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527534"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527534"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527534" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527534" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527534" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527534-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/ijms/ijms-25-12583/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-25-12583-g001-550.jpg?1732328773" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527534" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527534-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/ijms/ijms-25-12583/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-25-12583-g002-550.jpg?1732328775'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527534-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/ijms/ijms-25-12583/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-25-12583-g003-550.jpg?1732328776'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527534-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/ijms/ijms-25-12583/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-25-12583-g004-550.jpg?1732328777'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527534-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/ijms/ijms-25-12583/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-25-12583-g005-550.jpg?1732328779'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527534-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/ijms/ijms-25-12583/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-25-12583-g006-550.jpg?1732328780'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527534-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/ijms/ijms-25-12583/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-25-12583-g001-550.jpg?1732328773" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Bacterial inhibition of <span class="html-italic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> by eleutherin, isoeleutherin, and controls. Solvent—methanol.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1422-0067/25/23/12583'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/ijms/ijms-25-12583/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-25-12583-g002-550.jpg?1732328775" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Bacterial inhibition of <span class="html-italic">Escherichia coli</span> by eleutherin, isoeleutherin, and controls. Solvent—methanol.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1422-0067/25/23/12583'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/ijms/ijms-25-12583/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-25-12583-g003-550.jpg?1732328776" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Molecular interactions of eleutherin and actinonin with peptide deformylase–PDF. (<b>A</b>) Interactions of eleutherin; (<b>B</b>) interactions with the crystallographic ligand actinonin; and RMSD—Root Mean Square Deviation, value in angstrom.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1422-0067/25/23/12583'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/ijms/ijms-25-12583/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-25-12583-g004-550.jpg?1732328777" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Molecular interactions of eleutherin and pentamidine with the regulator QacR. (<b>A</b>) Interactions of eleutherin; (<b>B</b>) interactions with the crystallographic ligand pentamidine; and RMSD—Root Mean Square Deviation, value in angstrom.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1422-0067/25/23/12583'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/ijms/ijms-25-12583/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-25-12583-g005-550.jpg?1732328779" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Molecular interactions of eleutherin and benzylpenicillin with the transcriptional regulator BlaR1. (<b>A</b>) Interactions of eleutherin; (<b>B</b>) interactions with the crystallographic ligand benzylpenicillin; and RMSD—Root Mean Square Deviation, value in angstrom.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1422-0067/25/23/12583'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/ijms/ijms-25-12583/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-25-12583-g006-550.jpg?1732328780" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Molecular interactions of isoeleutherin and ketoheterocycle 618 with methionine aminopeptidase—MetAP. (<b>A</b>) Interactions of isoeleutherin; (<b>B</b>) interactions with the crystallographic ligand ketoheterocycle 618; and RMSD—Root Mean Square Deviation, value in angstrom.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1422-0067/25/23/12583'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 12 pages, 3424 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10249/pdf?version=1732328555" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of PM2.5 and Its Microbiological Composition in a Fattening Pig House" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10249">Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and Its Microbiological Composition in a Fattening Pig House</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mingfeng Tang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yue Jian</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jiaming Zhu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kun Tian</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qiong Tan</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Run Zhao</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10249; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310249 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in pig houses and the microorganisms in PM<sub>2.5</sub> restrict the sustainable development of the pig industry and have a negative influence on environmental sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics and diel microbial composition of <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10249/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in pig houses and the microorganisms in PM<sub>2.5</sub> restrict the sustainable development of the pig industry and have a negative influence on environmental sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics and diel microbial composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in fattening pig sheds and explore how changes in the diel microbial composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> correlate with environmental factors and sources. To this end, environmental data from a fattening pig house were monitored, and PM<sub>2.5</sub>, feed, and faecal particles were examined using electron microscopy. Additionally, the bacterial and fungal assemblages contained in PM<sub>2.5</sub> were analysed using 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. The results showed that NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, temperature, and relative humidity were significantly higher at night than during the day. PM<sub>2.5</sub> particles from the fattening pig house exhibited different morphologies such as spherical, flocculent, and chain structures. The microbial diversity and bacterial assemblage showed significant variations, which were related to diel environmental factors in the fattening house. In addition, faeces may be the main source of airborne bacteria and feed may be the main source of airborne fungi in fattening houses. These findings provide a scientific basis for exploring the potential risks of the morphological characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and its microbial composition to human and animal health. Additionally, they contribute to the sustainable development of the pig industry and the protection of the environment. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10249">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/sustainability/sections/waste_recycling_sus">Waste and Recycling</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10249/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527533"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527533"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527533" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527533" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527533" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g001-550.jpg?1732328627" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527533" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g002-550.jpg?1732328630'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g003-550.jpg?1732328633'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g004-550.jpg?1732328634'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g005-550.jpg?1732328634'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g006-550.jpg?1732328635'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g007-550.jpg?1732328636'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g008-550.jpg?1732328637'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527533-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g009-550.jpg?1732328639'><p>Figure 9</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527533-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g001-550.jpg?1732328627" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Monitoring points for environmental factors in the pigsty and PM<sub>2.5</sub> sampling points.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g002-550.jpg?1732328630" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Summary data from the 24 h monitoring of the pig house. (<b>a</b>) NH<sub>3</sub>, (<b>b</b>) TSP, (<b>c</b>) CO<sub>2</sub>, (<b>d</b>) wind speed, (<b>e</b>) temperature, and (<b>f</b>) relative humidity.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g003-550.jpg?1732328633" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Micro-morphology of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the pigsty. (<b>a</b>) Overall morphology of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in pigsties, (<b>b</b>) smooth-surfaced spherical particles, (<b>c</b>) rough-surfaced spherical particles, (<b>d</b>) flocculent particles, (<b>e</b>) chain-like particles, (<b>f</b>) flaky particles, (<b>g</b>) lumpy particles, (<b>h</b>) rod-shaped particles, and (<b>i</b>) irregularly shaped particles.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g004-550.jpg?1732328634" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Microscopic morphology of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, feedstuff, and faeces in the pigsty. (<b>a</b>) PM<sub>2.5</sub>, (<b>b</b>) feedstuff, and (<b>c</b>) faeces.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g005-550.jpg?1732328634" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of bacterial and fungal β-diversity among different samples. (<b>a</b>) The bacterial PCoA analysis and (<b>b</b>) the fungal PCoA analysis.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g006-550.jpg?1732328635" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Composition of bacterial communities in different PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples. (<b>a</b>) The bacterial composition at the phylum level and (<b>b</b>) the 10 most dominant bacterial composition at the genera level.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g007-550.jpg?1732328636" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Composition of fungal communities in different PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples. (<b>a</b>) The fungal composition at the phylum level and (<b>b</b>) the 10 most dominant fungal composition at the genera level.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g008-550.jpg?1732328637" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Correlation analysis between microbial composition and environmental factors. (<b>a</b>) The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) of the association between bacterial assemblage and microclimate variables. (<b>b</b>) The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) of the association between fungal assemblage and microclimate variables.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10249/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10249-g009-550.jpg?1732328639" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Cluster heatmap of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, feed, and faecal samples in the pigsty. (<b>a</b>) Bacteria and (<b>b</b>) fungi.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10249'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527531" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527531" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527531" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2075-5309/14/12/3728/s1?version=1732328441"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 266 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 29 pages, 8788 KiB   </span> <a href="/2075-5309/14/12/3728/pdf?version=1732328440" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Development and Application of Small Object Visual Recognition Algorithm in Assisting Safety Management of Tower Cranes" data-journal="buildings"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2075-5309/14/12/3728">Development and Application of Small Object Visual Recognition Algorithm in Assisting Safety Management of Tower Cranes</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiao Sun</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xueying Lu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yao Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tianxiao He</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhenghong Tian</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Buildings</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(12), 3728; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14123728 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This study presents a novel video-based risk assessment and safety management technique aimed at mitigating the risk of falling objects during tower crane lifting operations. The conventional YOLOv5 algorithm is prone to issues of missed and false detections, particularly when identifying small objects. <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/12/3728/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This study presents a novel video-based risk assessment and safety management technique aimed at mitigating the risk of falling objects during tower crane lifting operations. The conventional YOLOv5 algorithm is prone to issues of missed and false detections, particularly when identifying small objects. To address these limitations, the algorithm is enhanced by incorporating an additional small object detection layer, implementing an attention mechanism, and modifying the loss function. The enhanced YOLOv5s model achieved precision and recall rates of 96.00%, with average precision (AP) values of 96.42% at an IoU of 0.5 and 62.02% across the range of IoU values from 0.5 to 0.95. These improvements significantly enhance the model’s capability to accurately detect crane hooks and personnel. Upon identifying the hook within a video frame, its actual height is calculated using an interpolation function derived from the hook’s dimensions. This calculation allows for the precise demarcation of the danger zone by determining the potential impact area of falling objects. The worker’s risk level is assessed using a refined method based on the statistical analysis of past accidents. If the risk level surpasses a predetermined safety threshold, the worker’s detection box is emphasized and flagged as a caution on the monitoring display. <a href="/2075-5309/14/12/3728">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/buildings/sections/Construction_Management">Construction Management, and Computers & Digitization</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/12/3728/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527531"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527531"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527531" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527531" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527531" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g001-550.jpg?1732328516" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527531" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g002-550.jpg?1732328520'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g003-550.jpg?1732328521'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g004-550.jpg?1732328526'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g005-550.jpg?1732328530'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g006-550.jpg?1732328531'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g007-550.jpg?1732328532'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g008-550.jpg?1732328533'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g009-550.jpg?1732328535'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g010-550.jpg?1732328536'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g011-550.jpg?1732328537'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g012-550.jpg?1732328538'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g013-550.jpg?1732328539'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g014-550.jpg?1732328540'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g015-550.jpg?1732328542'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g016-550.jpg?1732328544'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1527531-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g017-550.jpg?1732328547'><p>Figure 17</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527531-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g001-550.jpg?1732328516" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Roadmap of the development of an improved small object recognition algorithm and risk assessment model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g002-550.jpg?1732328520" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Network structure of the improved YOLOv5s.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g003-550.jpg?1732328521" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Normalized distance between the prediction box and the real box.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g004-550.jpg?1732328526" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Sample images from dataset.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g005-550.jpg?1732328530" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of the detection effectiveness between the YOLOv5s and improved YOLOv5s models.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g006-550.jpg?1732328531" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of the overall performance of the YOLOv5 series model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g007-550.jpg?1732328532" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of interpolation function. (red dots are measured data).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g008-550.jpg?1732328533" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Falling object striking radius based on hook heights.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g009-550.jpg?1732328535" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Percentage of tower crane safety accident types (data are listed in the <a href="#app1-buildings-14-03728" class="html-app">Supplementary Material</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g010-550.jpg?1732328536" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Number of accidents, number of deaths, and major accident rate at each stage (data are listed in the <a href="#app1-buildings-14-03728" class="html-app">Supplementary Material</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g011-550.jpg?1732328537" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Different accident types that happened in each stage (data are listed in the <a href="#app1-buildings-14-03728" class="html-app">Supplementary Material</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g012-550.jpg?1732328538" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>The number of tower crane safety accidents, the number of deaths, and the rate of major accidents in China from 2017 to 2021 (data are listed in the <a href="#app1-buildings-14-03728" class="html-app">Supplementary Material</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g013-550.jpg?1732328539" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>The number of tower crane safety accidents and the number of deaths in China from 2017 to 2021 (analyzed by the month; data are listed in the <a href="#app1-buildings-14-03728" class="html-app">Supplementary Material</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g014-550.jpg?1732328540" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>The number of tower crane safety accidents and the number of deaths in China from 2017 to 2021 (analyzed within 24 h of a day; data are listed in the <a href="#app1-buildings-14-03728" class="html-app">Supplementary Material</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g015-550.jpg?1732328542" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Schematic of the hardware setup.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g016-550.jpg?1732328544" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of hook and personnel detection.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/buildings/buildings-14-03728/article_deploy/html/images/buildings-14-03728-g017-550.jpg?1732328547" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>Real-time risk assessment shown in the monitoring screen.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-5309/14/12/3728'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 25 pages, 3291 KiB   </span> <a href="/2077-1444/15/12/1421/pdf?version=1732327439" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Bridging Cultures: A Comparative Study of Early Catholic Missionaries’ Chinese Proverb Collections" data-journal="religions"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2077-1444/15/12/1421">Bridging Cultures: A Comparative Study of Early Catholic Missionaries’ Chinese Proverb Collections</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rui Sang</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jean-Luc Nardone</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Religions</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>15</em>(12), 1421; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15121421 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> For early Christian missionaries, Chinese proverbs were an invaluable resource for learning the language, understanding the culture, and carrying out religious evangelization. While existing research has predominantly focused on collections of Chinese proverbs by Protestant missionaries, Catholic missionaries’ efforts in gathering Chinese proverbs <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/15/12/1421/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> For early Christian missionaries, Chinese proverbs were an invaluable resource for learning the language, understanding the culture, and carrying out religious evangelization. While existing research has predominantly focused on collections of Chinese proverbs by Protestant missionaries, Catholic missionaries’ efforts in gathering Chinese proverbs preceded those of their Protestant counterparts and hold significant linguistic, historical, and cross-cultural value. This study begins by tracing the emergence of Catholic missionaries’ interest in Chinese proverbs and then presents a comparative analysis of three representative collections compiled by Joseph de Prémare (1666–1736), Paul Perny (1818–1907), and Joseph Van Oost (1877–1939): Catholic missionaries from different orders and historical periods. It examines the compilation structures, purposes, Chinese proverbs selected, and interpretive approaches in their works, tracing the evolution of Catholic missionaries’ Chinese proverb collections. The study interprets this evolution in relation to the Catholic Church’s missionary strategies and the personal evangelization philosophies of the missionaries themselves. This research demonstrates the diverse cultural engagement practices of Catholic missionaries in China from the 18th to the early 20th century, offering new insights into the interaction between Catholicism and Chinese culture during this period. <a href="/2077-1444/15/12/1421">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/religions/special_issues/HZ8Q99M6NC ">The Interplay between Religion and Culture</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/15/12/1421/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527530"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527530"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527530" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527530" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527530" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527530-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g001-550.jpg?1732327605" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527530" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527530-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g002-550.jpg?1732327607'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527530-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g003-550.jpg?1732327609'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527530-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g004-550.jpg?1732327610'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527530-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g005-550.jpg?1732327612'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527530-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g006-550.jpg?1732327613'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527530-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g007-550.jpg?1732327615'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527530-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g001-550.jpg?1732327605" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) The cover of Joseph de Prémare’s <span class="html-italic">Notitia Linguae Sinicae</span>; (<b>b</b>) a sample page from the proverb section. Source: gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Littérature et art, X-3003. <a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3162427" target="_blank">https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3162427</a> (accessed on 19 October 2024).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2077-1444/15/12/1421'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g002-550.jpg?1732327607" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) The cover of Paul Perny’s <span class="html-italic">Proverbes Chinois</span>; (<b>b</b>) a sample page of <span class="html-italic">Proverbes Chinois</span>. Source: gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Littérature et art, Z-57385. <a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57497215" target="_blank">https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57497215</a> (accessed on 19 October 2024).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2077-1444/15/12/1421'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g003-550.jpg?1732327609" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) The cover of Joseph Van Oost’s <span class="html-italic">Dictons et proverbes des Chinois habitant la Mongolie Sud-ouest</span>; (<b>b</b>) a sample page of <span class="html-italic">Dictons et proverbes des Chinois habitant la Mongolie Sud-ouest</span>. Source: gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Philosophie, histoire, sciences de l’homme, 8-O2N-1266 (50). <a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5436616k" target="_blank">https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5436616k</a> (accessed on 19 October 2024).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2077-1444/15/12/1421'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g004-550.jpg?1732327610" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Number of proverbs by character count in Joseph de Prémare’s collection.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2077-1444/15/12/1421'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g005-550.jpg?1732327612" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Number of proverbs by character count in Paul Perny’s collection.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2077-1444/15/12/1421'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g006-550.jpg?1732327613" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Number of proverbs by character count in Joseph Van Oost’s collection.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2077-1444/15/12/1421'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/religions/religions-15-01421/article_deploy/html/images/religions-15-01421-g007-550.jpg?1732327615" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Top 12 keywords in Joseph Van Oost’s proverbs collection.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2077-1444/15/12/1421'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527529" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527529" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527529" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248/s1?version=1732327058"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 2614 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 5987 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248/pdf?version=1732327057" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248">The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Elena Perez-Lopez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alejandro Leal-Saenz</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Elena Ortiz-Olivas</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fermin Ramirez-Crescencio</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ariana Elizabeth Arreola-Ortiz</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10248; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310248 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The juniper (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten. of the Cupressaceae family) is a long-lived species that forms gallery forests. Dozens of dead junipers > 100 years old have been identified in the San Pedro Mezquital watershed in Durango, Mexico. This work determines the causes <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The juniper (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten. of the Cupressaceae family) is a long-lived species that forms gallery forests. Dozens of dead junipers > 100 years old have been identified in the San Pedro Mezquital watershed in Durango, Mexico. This work determines the causes of death of these specimens. The work was carried out in the field and in the laboratory, where in the former the surface of the damaged trees was identified, together with the changes observed in the watercourses. In the latter, sabino seedlings were transported to the work center and exposed for 7 days in containers with gravel to five types of wastewater generated in the region. With the above, the conditions experienced by the adult trees in the field were studied, as well as the sensitivity of the young specimens to the types of water quality, and the differences were validated with ANOVA tests. Five sites with dead junipers were found, ranging in size from 0.5 to 4 ha, with ages between 200 and 400 years. It was found that during the dry season, water is diverted to irrigated areas, leaving some areas without water for several months. The shoots survived in most of the water qualities, except the one with high salinity (3.34 mS/cm). It is concluded that the lack of water in the rivers had a stronger influence than the water quality and is the probable cause of the death of the sabino. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527529"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527529"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527529" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527529" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527529" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527529-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g001-550.jpg?1732327209" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527529" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527529-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g002-550.jpg?1732327212'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527529-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g003-550.jpg?1732327214'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527529-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g004-550.jpg?1732327218'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527529-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g005-550.jpg?1732327220'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527529-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g006-550.jpg?1732327221'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527529-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g001-550.jpg?1732327209" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Main water currents of the San Pedro–Mezquital basin.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10248'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g002-550.jpg?1732327212" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Containers used to determine the tolerance of seedlings to water quality changes. Each one contained three individuals.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10248'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g003-550.jpg?1732327214" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of sabino seedling survival tests to water quality types.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10248'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g004-550.jpg?1732327218" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The location of the gallery forest is made up of sabino trees.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10248'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g005-550.jpg?1732327220" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Percentages of TVS removal. The same letters indicate statistically equal values (α = 0.05).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10248'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g006-550.jpg?1732327221" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Changes in seedling height; differences were not statistically significant (α = 0.05).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10248'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 12 pages, 8872 KiB   </span> <a href="/2076-2615/14/23/3373/pdf?version=1732326628" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Life–History Traits of Eremias pleskei Nikolsky, 1905 from Northeastern Anatolia" data-journal="animals"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2076-2615/14/23/3373">Life–History Traits of <i>Eremias pleskei</i> Nikolsky, 1905 from Northeastern Anatolia</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kamil Candan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Elif Yıldırım Caynak</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Serkan Gül</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yusuf Kumlutaş</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Çetin Ilgaz</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cantekin Dursun</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Animals</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 3373; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14233373 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> In this study, the life–history traits of <i>Eremias pleskei</i> are presented for the first time. A total of 27 samples (17 ♂♂ and 10 ♀♀) from Iğdır Province, Türkiye, were aged using skeletochronology. Student’s <i>t</i>-test was performed to compare mean differences in <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/23/3373/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> In this study, the life–history traits of <i>Eremias pleskei</i> are presented for the first time. A total of 27 samples (17 ♂♂ and 10 ♀♀) from Iğdır Province, Türkiye, were aged using skeletochronology. Student’s <i>t</i>-test was performed to compare mean differences in the variables between sexes. The relationships between age and snout–vent length (SVL) were determined through correlation. Growth patterns were estimated based on the von Bertalanffy equation. Lastly, survival rate and adult life expectancy were calculated for each sex. The mean SVL was 52.93 ± 1.28 mm in males and 46.23 ± 1.55 in females. The mean age was 4.88 ± 0.43 years and 3.20 ± 0.29 years for males and females, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that age and SVL were highly correlated in males (r = 0.49) and females (r = 0.75). The growth coefficient (K) was found to be 0.28 ± 0.18 in females and 0.62 ± 0.25 in males. The survival rate was 57.14% in females and 75.38% in males. The adult life expectancy was calculated at 2.83 years and 4.56 years in females and males, respectively. To sum up, males were larger than females, indicating male-biased sexual size dimorphism (SDI: −0.144). In addition, males had a greater mean age and longevity (max male age: 8 yr; max female age: 5 yr). <a href="/2076-2615/14/23/3373">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/animals/special_issues/K9Q9NIZS0X ">Age Determination, Growth and Longevity of Amphibians and Reptiles</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/23/3373/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527528"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527528"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527528" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527528" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527528" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527528-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-14-03373/article_deploy/html/images/animals-14-03373-g001-550.jpg?1732326724" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527528" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527528-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-14-03373/article_deploy/html/images/animals-14-03373-g002-550.jpg?1732326725'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527528-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-14-03373/article_deploy/html/images/animals-14-03373-g003-550.jpg?1732326727'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527528-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-14-03373/article_deploy/html/images/animals-14-03373-g004-550.jpg?1732326728'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527528-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-14-03373/article_deploy/html/images/animals-14-03373-g005-550.jpg?1732326731'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527528-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-14-03373/article_deploy/html/images/animals-14-03373-g001-550.jpg?1732326724" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The map indicates the entire distribution range of <span class="html-italic">E. pleskei</span> and the black point shows the occurrence data of the sampled population in this study.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2615/14/23/3373'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-14-03373/article_deploy/html/images/animals-14-03373-g002-550.jpg?1732326725" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Different cross-sections obtained from the diaphysis of the phalanges of 4-year- (<b>A</b>) and 5-year (<b>B</b>–<b>D</b>)-old individuals. The innermost arrow indicates resorption line (r. l) and the other arrows demonstrate LAGs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2615/14/23/3373'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-14-03373/article_deploy/html/images/animals-14-03373-g003-550.jpg?1732326727" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Population pyramid graphic demonstrating the age classes with the number of individuals in both sexes. Numbers on the bar plots refer to the number of individuals in each age group.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2615/14/23/3373'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-14-03373/article_deploy/html/images/animals-14-03373-g004-550.jpg?1732326728" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Boxplots of data resulting from the intersexual differences in age (<b>A</b>) and SVL (<b>B</b>). The tick line in the box shows the median. The lines positioned under and on the box are whiskers. The minimum and maximum values and interquartile range are represented with jitters.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2615/14/23/3373'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-14-03373/article_deploy/html/images/animals-14-03373-g005-550.jpg?1732326731" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>The constructed von Bertanlaffy growth curve models, parameters, and survival rate scatter plot in females (<b>A</b>,<b>C</b>,<b>E</b>) and males (<b>B</b>,<b>D</b>,<b>F</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2615/14/23/3373'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527527" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527527" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527527" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2073-4395/14/12/2780/s1?version=1732326389"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 218 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 13 pages, 2918 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4395/14/12/2780/pdf?version=1732326388" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Evolution of Rice Cultivar Performance Across China: A Multi-Dimensional Study on Yield and Agronomic Characteristics over Three Decades" data-journal="agronomy"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4395/14/12/2780">Evolution of Rice Cultivar Performance Across China: A Multi-Dimensional Study on Yield and Agronomic Characteristics over Three Decades</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Song Hang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qi Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuan Wang</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Haitao Xiang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Agronomy</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(12), 2780; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14122780 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) is a staple food crop for over half of the world’s population, with China being the largest producer. However, the growth rate of rice yield per hectare has slowed in recent years, emphasizing the need for in-depth studies <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2780/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) is a staple food crop for over half of the world’s population, with China being the largest producer. However, the growth rate of rice yield per hectare has slowed in recent years, emphasizing the need for in-depth studies on the evolution of rice cultivar performance. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the yield and key agronomic traits of rice cultivars across China over three decades, utilizing data from 11,811 cultivar trials conducted between 1990 and 2023. We assessed the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of rice cultivar performance, exploring regional differences and the interplay between agronomic traits and environmental factors. Our results reveal significant variations in growth duration, plant height, grains per panicle, thousand-grain weight, effective panicle number, and seed setting rate across different regions. Temporal trends showed diverse patterns of improvement, with some regions experiencing rapid advancements (up to 1.42% annual yield increase in Jiangxi Province of Central China) and others nearing yield plateaus (0.16% in Jilin Province and 0.45% in Heilongjiang Province of Northeast China). Correlation analysis between agronomic traits and grain yield highlighted the complex relationships and potential for further genetic gains through targeted breeding. This study underscores the importance of region-specific breeding strategies to optimize rice production in the face of environmental challenges and yield ceilings. The insights gained provide a scientific basis for future rice cultivar development and regional agricultural policies aimed at enhancing sustainability and efficiency in China’s diverse rice-growing regions. <a href="/2073-4395/14/12/2780">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/agronomy/special_issues/S66K2M0R50 ">Innovative Research on Rice Breeding and Genetics</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2780/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527527"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527527"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527527" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527527" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527527" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527527-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g001-550.jpg?1732326477" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527527" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527527-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g002-550.jpg?1732326479'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527527-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g003-550.jpg?1732326483'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527527-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g004-550.jpg?1732326483'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527527-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g005-550.jpg?1732326485'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527527-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g006-550.jpg?1732326486'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527527-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g007-550.jpg?1732326488'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527527-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g008-550.jpg?1732326489'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527527-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g001-550.jpg?1732326477" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of agro-ecological sub-regions in China (NEC, NC, EC, CC, SC, SWC, NWC).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2780'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g002-550.jpg?1732326479" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Violin plots illustrating the distribution of key rice traits across rice-growing provinces. Traits include grain yield (GY), growth duration (GD), plant height (PH), grains per panicle (GPP), thousand-grain weight (TGW), effective panicle number (EP), and seed setting rate (SSR). Letters A–W represent different provinces as shown in the legend.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2780'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g003-550.jpg?1732326483" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Spatial distribution of major rice traits (GY, GD, PH, GPP, TGW, EP, and SSR) across rice-growing provinces during different time periods (1990–1999, 2000–2009, 2010–2023) and their change rates from 1990 to 2023. The color scale indicates the magnitude of each trait and its rate of change.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2780'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g004-550.jpg?1732326483" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Correlation heatmap of rice traits with GY across regions. Traits: GD, PH, GPP, TGW, EP, and SSR. Regions: NEC, EC, CC, NC, SC, NWC, SWC. The color scale shows correlation coefficients, with red for positive and blue for negative correlations. Significance levels are denoted by ‘*’ (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) and ‘**’ (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2780'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g005-550.jpg?1732326485" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>PCA biplots of rice traits and yield across regions (NEC, EC, CC, NC, SC, NWC, SWC). The axes represent the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2), and the arrows indicate the contribution of each trait (GD, PH, GPP, TGW, EP, SSR). Points are colored by standardized GY.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2780'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g006-550.jpg?1732326486" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Proportion of clusters in each agro-ecological sub-region after clustering rice varieties. Rows represent regions (NEC, EC, CC, NC, SC, NWC, SWC), and columns represent original clusters (0–7). The color scale indicates the proportion of varieties in each cluster within a region.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2780'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g007-550.jpg?1732326488" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Radar charts comparing regional mean trait values and the dominant cluster in each region (NEC, EC, CC, NC, SC, NWC, SWC). Traits: GD, PH, GPP, TGW, EP, and SSR. Black lines show regional means, colored lines show the dominant cluster. Feature value ranges are provided in the legend.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2780'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/agronomy/agronomy-14-02780/article_deploy/html/images/agronomy-14-02780-g008-550.jpg?1732326489" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Hierarchical clustering of regions (NEC, NC, EC, CC, SC, NWC, SWC) based on the proportion of cultivar clusters. The <span class="html-italic">y</span>-axis represents the distance between regions, indicating the similarity in cluster composition.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4395/14/12/2780'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 21 pages, 8183 KiB   </span> <a href="/1424-8220/24/23/7472/pdf?version=1732326285" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="ARSOD-YOLO: Enhancing Small Target Detection for Remote Sensing Images" data-journal="sensors"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/1424-8220/24/23/7472">ARSOD-YOLO: Enhancing Small Target Detection for Remote Sensing Images</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yijuan Qiu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiangyue Zheng</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xuying Hao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gang Zhang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tao Lei</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ping Jiang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sensors</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>24</em>(23), 7472; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24237472 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Remote sensing images play a vital role in domains including environmental monitoring, agriculture, and autonomous driving. However, the detection of targets in remote sensing images remains a challenging task. This study introduces innovative methods to enhance feature extraction, feature fusion, and model optimization. <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7472/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Remote sensing images play a vital role in domains including environmental monitoring, agriculture, and autonomous driving. However, the detection of targets in remote sensing images remains a challenging task. This study introduces innovative methods to enhance feature extraction, feature fusion, and model optimization. The Adaptive Selective Feature Enhancement Module (AFEM) dynamically adjusts feature weights using GhostModule and sigmoid functions, thereby enhancing the accuracy of small target detection. Moreover, the Adaptive Multi-scale Convolution Kernel Feature Fusion Module (AKSFFM) enhances feature fusion through multi-scale convolution operations and attention weight learning mechanisms. Moreover, our proposed ARSOD-YOLO optimized the network architecture, component modules, and loss functions based on YOLOv8, enhancing outstanding small target detection capabilities while preserving model efficiency. We conducted experiments on the VEDAI and AI-TOD datasets, showcasing the excellent performance of ARSOD-YOLO. Our algorithm achieved an mAP50 of 74.3% on the VEDAI dataset, surpassing the YOLOv8 baseline by 3.1%. Similarly, on the AI-TOD dataset, the mAP50 reached 47.8%, exceeding the baseline network by 6.1%. <a href="/1424-8220/24/23/7472">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/sensors/sections/sensing_imaging">Sensing and Imaging</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7472/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527526"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527526"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527526" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527526" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527526" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527526-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g001-550.jpg?1732326407" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527526" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527526-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g002-550.jpg?1732326409'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527526-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g003-550.jpg?1732326411'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527526-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g004-550.jpg?1732326413'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527526-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g005-550.jpg?1732326414'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527526-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g006-550.jpg?1732326418'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527526-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g007-550.jpg?1732326420'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527526-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g008-550.jpg?1732326421'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527526-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g009-550.jpg?1732326422'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527526-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g010-550.jpg?1732326424'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1527526-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g011-550.jpg?1732326427'><p>Figure 11</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527526-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g001-550.jpg?1732326407" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Some examples of remote sensing images.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/24/23/7472'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g002-550.jpg?1732326409" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>YOLOv8 network architecture.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/24/23/7472'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g003-550.jpg?1732326411" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>ARSOD-YOLO network architecture.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/24/23/7472'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g004-550.jpg?1732326413" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The basic structure of AFEM. It consists of GhostModule and MLP as the basic components.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/24/23/7472'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g005-550.jpg?1732326414" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Structural diagrams of AKSFFM, C2f, and Bottleneck.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/24/23/7472'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g006-550.jpg?1732326418" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Images illustrating the different categories of the dataset [<a href="#B43-sensors-24-07472" class="html-bibr">43</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/24/23/7472'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g007-550.jpg?1732326420" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of AI-TOD with other benchmark datasets [<a href="#B44-sensors-24-07472" class="html-bibr">44</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/24/23/7472'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g008-550.jpg?1732326421" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Visualization of mAP effects of different modules.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/24/23/7472'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g009-550.jpg?1732326422" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>PR curves for categories in the VEDAI dataset.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/24/23/7472'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g010-550.jpg?1732326424" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>PR curves for categories in the AI-TOD dataset.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/24/23/7472'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sensors/sensors-24-07472/article_deploy/html/images/sensors-24-07472-g011-550.jpg?1732326427" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Visual comparison of object detection models: ARSOD-YOLO vs. YOLOv3, YOLOv5, and YOLOv10 on VEDAI dataset images.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8220/24/23/7472'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527525" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527525" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527525" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10247/s1?version=1732324208"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 41 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 11 pages, 3231 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10247/pdf?version=1732324207" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Determinants of Climate-Smart Agriculture Adoption Among Rice Farmers: Enhancing Sustainability" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10247">Determinants of Climate-Smart Agriculture Adoption Among Rice Farmers: Enhancing Sustainability</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shreesha Pandeya</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Aarju Gajurel</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Binayak P. Mishra</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kedar Devkota</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Buddhi R. Gyawali</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Suraj Upadhaya</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10247; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310247 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The use of conventional farming methods, excessive reliance on fertilizers and inputs, and abrupt shifts in climate have raised significant concerns regarding global agricultural production, particularly in developing countries like Nepal. Agriculture products such as rice hold significant importance in Nepal’s agriculture and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10247/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The use of conventional farming methods, excessive reliance on fertilizers and inputs, and abrupt shifts in climate have raised significant concerns regarding global agricultural production, particularly in developing countries like Nepal. Agriculture products such as rice hold significant importance in Nepal’s agriculture and economy, serving as a staple food and a crucial source of livelihood for its population. Sustainable cultivation and enhancing productivity are imperative for ensuring food security and economic stability in the country. Adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices can minimize detrimental effects, promote sustainability, and enhance resilience towards climate change. We surveyed 200 farmers across four municipalities in the Chitwan District of Nepal to explore the prevalence and socio-economic drivers of the adoption of CSA practices, which include stress-tolerant varieties, efficient water management, and diversified cropping, among others. The results revealed that the adoption of pest-resistant plant varieties was a common CSA practice in the study area. Logistic regression results revealed that the adoption of CSA practices increases with an increase in the education of farmers and membership of climate-related organizations. Similarly, the adoption of CSA practices is negatively associated with an increase in farm size, farmers’ farming experience, and their access to credit facilities. Short-term courses and training could be initiated as a complement to formal education to maximize the adoption of CSA practices. Similarly, climate and farmer-related organizations should be further strengthened to maximize their capacity to facilitate more farmers and provide need-based, timely information flow. This study highlights the potential of CSA to promote sustainability and enhance resilience to climate change, but also identifies barriers such as credit access and the need for tailored policy interventions. Our findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of CSA adoption in vulnerable agricultural settings and can guide future strategies to promote sustainability and climate resilience in smallholder farming communities in developing countries. <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10247">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/sustainability/sections/agriculture_food_and_wildlife">Sustainable Agriculture</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10247/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527525-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10247/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10247-g001-550.jpg?1732324352" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1527525-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10247/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10247-g001-550.jpg?1732324352" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Location of the study area (<b>C</b>) within Chitwan district (<b>B</b>) of Nepal (<b>A</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/16/23/10247'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1526772" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1526772" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1526772" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2311-5521/9/12/273/s1?version=1732264107"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 455 B) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 15 pages, 4316 KiB   </span> <a href="/2311-5521/9/12/273/pdf?version=1732328938" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Numerical Analysis of Knudsen Number of Helium Flow Through Gas-Focused Liquid Sheet Micro-Nozzle" data-journal="fluids"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2311-5521/9/12/273">Numerical Analysis of Knudsen Number of Helium Flow Through Gas-Focused Liquid Sheet Micro-Nozzle</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Krištof Kovačič</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Saša Bajt</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Božidar Šarler</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fluids</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>9</em>(12), 273; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids9120273">https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids9120273</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This work aims to verify whether the continuum mechanics assumption holds for the numerical simulation of a typical sample delivery system in serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX). Knudsen numbers were calculated based on the numerical simulation results of helium flow through the gas-focused liquid <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/9/12/273/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This work aims to verify whether the continuum mechanics assumption holds for the numerical simulation of a typical sample delivery system in serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX). Knudsen numbers were calculated based on the numerical simulation results of helium flow through the gas-focused liquid sheet nozzle into the vacuum chamber, representing the upper limit of Knudsen number for such systems. The analysed flow is considered steady, compressible, and laminar. The numerical results are mesh-independent, with a Grid Convergence Index significantly lower than 1% for global and local analysis. This study is based on an improved definition of the numerical Knudsen number: a combination of the cell Knudsen number and the physical Knudsen number. In the analysis, no-slip boundary and low-pressure boundary slip conditions are compared. No significant differences are observed. This study justifies using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis for SFX sample delivery systems based on the assumption of continuum mechanics. <a href="/2311-5521/9/12/273">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fluids/special_issues/D99589YJ2Z ">Rarefied Gas Flows: From Micro-Nano Scale to Hypersonic Regime</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/9/12/273/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526772"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526772"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526772" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526772" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526772" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526772-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fluids/fluids-09-00273/article_deploy/html/images/fluids-09-00273-g001-550.jpg?1732329010" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526772" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526772-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fluids/fluids-09-00273/article_deploy/html/images/fluids-09-00273-g002-550.jpg?1732329011'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526772-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fluids/fluids-09-00273/article_deploy/html/images/fluids-09-00273-g003-550.jpg?1732329013'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526772-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fluids/fluids-09-00273/article_deploy/html/images/fluids-09-00273-g004-550.jpg?1732329015'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526772-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fluids/fluids-09-00273/article_deploy/html/images/fluids-09-00273-g005-550.jpg?1732329017'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526772-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fluids/fluids-09-00273/article_deploy/html/images/fluids-09-00273-g006-550.jpg?1732329021'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526772-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fluids/fluids-09-00273/article_deploy/html/images/fluids-09-00273-g001-550.jpg?1732329010" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Fluid domain and computational grid: (<b>a</b>) liquid sheet nozzle; (<b>b</b>) fluid domain; (<b>c</b>) mesh M2; (<b>d</b>) detail of the mesh M2; (<b>e</b>) boundary conditions: A—mass flow inlet; B—pressure outlet; C—symmetry; D—walls; 0—zero velocity inlet. All dimensions are shown in μm and degrees. <span class="html-italic">l</span><sub>0–5</sub> represent the mesh level, <span class="html-italic">l</span><sub>0</sub> being the finest and <span class="html-italic">l</span><sub>5</sub> being the coarsest.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2311-5521/9/12/273'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fluids/fluids-09-00273/article_deploy/html/images/fluids-09-00273-g002-550.jpg?1732329011" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Grid convergence results for the case with no-slip and LPBS boundary condition. M3, M2 and M1 represent coarse, medium and fine grid, respectively. With EXT, we label extrapolated values.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2311-5521/9/12/273'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fluids/fluids-09-00273/article_deploy/html/images/fluids-09-00273-g003-550.jpg?1732329013" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Flow field variables: (<b>a</b>) absolute pressure; (<b>b</b>) velocity magnitude and velocity vectors; (<b>c</b>) temperature; (<b>d</b>) density.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2311-5521/9/12/273'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fluids/fluids-09-00273/article_deploy/html/images/fluids-09-00273-g004-550.jpg?1732329015" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Dimensionless numbers: (<b>a</b>) cell Reynolds number; (<b>b</b>) Mach number.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2311-5521/9/12/273'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fluids/fluids-09-00273/article_deploy/html/images/fluids-09-00273-g005-550.jpg?1732329017" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Numerical Knudsen number: (<b>a</b>) numerical Knudsen number calculated by Equation (8); (<b>b</b>) numerical Knudsen number calculated by Equation (8) with rescaled values; (<b>c</b>) numerical Knudsen number calculated by Equation (6); (<b>d</b>) numerical Knudsen number calculated by Equation (6) with rescaled values.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2311-5521/9/12/273'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fluids/fluids-09-00273/article_deploy/html/images/fluids-09-00273-g006-550.jpg?1732329021" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Knudsen number for no-slip boundary conditions: (<b>a</b>) cell Knudsen number; (<b>b</b>) physical Knudsen number; (<b>c</b>) physical Knudsen number with rescaled values; (<b>d</b>) numerical Knudsen number; (<b>e</b>) numerical Knudsen number with rescaled values. Knudsen number for LPBS boundary conditions: (<b>f</b>) cell Knudsen number; (<b>g</b>) physical Knudsen number; (<b>h</b>) physical Knudsen number with rescaled values; (<b>i</b>) numerical Knudsen number; (<b>j</b>) numerical Knudsen number with rescaled values.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2311-5521/9/12/273'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 466 KiB   </span> <a href="/2076-3425/14/12/1170/pdf?version=1732327241" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Obsessive–Compulsive Traits and Problematic Internet Use Are Increased Among Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Is There a Role of Obsessive Doubts and Communication Impairment?" data-journal="brainsci"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2076-3425/14/12/1170">Obsessive–Compulsive Traits and Problematic Internet Use Are Increased Among Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Is There a Role of Obsessive Doubts and Communication Impairment?</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Barbara Carpita</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Benedetta Nardi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Francesca Parri</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gianluca Cerofolini</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chiara Bonelli</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cristina Gaia Bocchino</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gabriele Massimetti</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ivan Mirko Cremone</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Stefano Pini</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Liliana Dell’Osso</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Brain Sci.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(12), 1170; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14121170 (registering DOI) - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Background: The link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and the complexity of their differential diagnosis has been vastly investigated. Growing attention has been paid to the presence of problematic Internet use (PIU) in autistic individuals. Studies assessing OCD traits <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/12/1170/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Background: The link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and the complexity of their differential diagnosis has been vastly investigated. Growing attention has been paid to the presence of problematic Internet use (PIU) in autistic individuals. Studies assessing OCD traits in autistic individuals are scarce and even less take into account the role that this overlap may have on the development and maintenance of PIU. We aimed to investigate OCD features in ASD individuals and their association with autism severity and the prevalence of PIU, and the potential dimensions associated with a greater probability of PIU. Methods: a total of 46 participants with ASD and 53 controls were assessed with the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum questionnaire and the Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum—Short Version. Results: There were significantly higher OCD features in ASD participants along with important correlations between OCD and ASD dimensions and a higher prevalence of PIU in the ASD group. Participants with putative PIU reported greater scores on some ASD and OCD dimensions, the with Doubt and Non-verbal communication domains emerging as significant predictors of the presence of putative PIU. Conclusions: These results support the three-way link between ASD, OCD, and PIU, contributing to the hypothesis of a neurodevelopmental basis for those conditions. <a href="/2076-3425/14/12/1170">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/brainsci/special_issues/188932DF90 ">Exploring the Mental Health of People with Autism</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 24 pages, 5087 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3241/pdf?version=1732327176" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Optimization of Metal Injection Molding Processing Conditions for Reducing Black Lines and Meld Lines in Bone Plates" data-journal="polymers"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4360/16/23/3241">Optimization of Metal Injection Molding Processing Conditions for Reducing Black Lines and Meld Lines in Bone Plates</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chao-Ming Lin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Po-Yu Yen</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chung-Ming Tan</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Polymers</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 3241; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233241">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233241</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The bone plates used in surgery to assist in fracture healing are often manufactured by metal injection molding (MIM) using a feedstock material consisting of metal powder and polymer binder. However, if the local powder concentration is too low or uneven, black lines <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3241/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The bone plates used in surgery to assist in fracture healing are often manufactured by metal injection molding (MIM) using a feedstock material consisting of metal powder and polymer binder. However, if the local powder concentration is too low or uneven, black lines may be formed, which impair the product appearance. Furthermore, if the melding temperature is too low, it can lead to meld lines and reduced mechanical properties. Accordingly, this study combines mold flow analysis simulations with the single-objective Taguchi robust design method to determine the MIM processing conditions that optimize the powder concentration and melding temperature. Grey relational analysis (GRA) is then used to establish the processing conditions that simultaneously optimize both MIM objectives. It is found that the processing conditions determined through GRA provide a significant improvement over the original design; however, the experimental outcomes are poorer than those achieved through the single-objective Taguchi experiments since the melt temperature effect suppresses that of all the other processing conditions. Consequently, a robust multi-criteria optimization (RMCO) technique is employed to improve the optimization outcome by identifying the dominant factors in the MIM process and fixing them at optimal levels to redesign the Taguchi experiments to optimize the non-primary factors. It is shown that the RMCO method eliminates interference between the multiple factors and hence provides an improved multi-objective optimization outcome. Overall, the integrated framework proposed in this study advances the optimization of the MIM process for bone plates and leads to improved product quality and performance. <a href="/2073-4360/16/23/3241">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/polymers/special_issues/A3GM7XBD7A ">Molding Process of Polymers and Composites</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/23/3241/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526954"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526954"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526954" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526954" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526954" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g001-550.jpg?1732327305" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526954" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g002-550.jpg?1732327307'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g003-550.jpg?1732327310'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g004-550.jpg?1732327312'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g005-550.jpg?1732327315'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g006-550.jpg?1732327318'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g007-550.jpg?1732327321'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g008-550.jpg?1732327323'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g009-550.jpg?1732327325'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g010-550.jpg?1732327327'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1526954-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g011-550.jpg?1732327330'><p>Figure 11</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526954-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g001-550.jpg?1732327305" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Humeral bone plate.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g002-550.jpg?1732327307" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>MIM processing flow diagram.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g003-550.jpg?1732327310" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Phase separation effects due to shear-rate gradient; (<b>b</b>) formation of black lines due to shear-induced phase separation (Notes: The yellow light is the incident light; the red light is the reflected light; the gray dotted line is the dark area showing no reflected light).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g004-550.jpg?1732327312" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) V-notch formation as flow-front bypasses obstacle; (<b>b</b>) distribution of meld lines (red lines) around bone plate holes. (Note: The color distribution from red to green to blue is the flow-front moving over time.)</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g005-550.jpg?1732327315" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Analytical framework used to optimize MIM processing conditions for bone plate.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g006-550.jpg?1732327318" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Bone plate dimensions (the maximum thickness = 3.931 mm; the average thickness = 3.123 mm); (<b>b</b>) injection gate type I; (<b>c</b>). injection gate type II; (<b>d</b>) injection gate type III.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g007-550.jpg?1732327321" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Material properties of MIM feedstock material: (<b>a</b>) P-<span class="html-italic">v</span>-T diagram; (<b>b</b>) viscosity vs. shear rate diagram.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g008-550.jpg?1732327323" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>S/N ratios obtained for powder concentration and melding temperature by different optimization methods.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g009-550.jpg?1732327325" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Probability distribution diagrams of different optimization methods: (<b>a</b>) powder concentration; (<b>b</b>) melding temperature. (Note that Taguchi PC curve and RMCO curves are nearly coincident).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g010-550.jpg?1732327327" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Powder concentration improvement in different methods: (<b>a</b>) original; (<b>b</b>) Taguchi powder concentration; (<b>c</b>) Taguchi melding temperature; (<b>d</b>) GRA; (<b>e</b>) RMCO.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/polymers/polymers-16-03241/article_deploy/html/images/polymers-16-03241-g011-550.jpg?1732327330" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Melding temperature improvement in different methods: (<b>a</b>) original; (<b>b</b>) Taguchi powder concentration; (<b>c</b>) Taguchi melding temperature; (<b>d</b>) GRA; (<b>e</b>) RMCO.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4360/16/23/3241'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1526895" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1526895" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1526895" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2072-4292/16/23/4363/s1?version=1732267724"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 83 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 29 pages, 3371 KiB   </span> <a href="/2072-4292/16/23/4363/pdf?version=1732322703" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Biodiversity from the Sky: Testing the Spectral Variation Hypothesis in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest" data-journal="remotesensing"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2072-4292/16/23/4363">Biodiversity from the Sky: Testing the Spectral Variation Hypothesis in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tobias Baruc Moreira Pinon</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Adriano Ribeiro de Mendonça</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gilson Fernandes da Silva</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Emanuel Maretto Effgen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nívea Maria Mafra Rodrigues</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Milton Marques Fernandes</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jerônimo Boelsums Barreto Sansevero</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Catherine Torres de Almeida</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Henrique Machado Dias</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fabio Guimarães Gonçalves</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>André Quintão de Almeida</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Remote Sens.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 4363; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234363 (registering DOI) - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Tropical forests have high species richness, being considered the most diverse and complex ecosystems in the world. Research on the variation and maintenance of biodiversity in these ecosystems is important for establishing conservation strategies. The main objective of this study was to test <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4363/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Tropical forests have high species richness, being considered the most diverse and complex ecosystems in the world. Research on the variation and maintenance of biodiversity in these ecosystems is important for establishing conservation strategies. The main objective of this study was to test the Spectral Variation Hypothesis through associations between species diversity and richness measured in the field and hyperspectral data collected by a Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) in areas with secondary tropical forest in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. Specific objectives were to determine which dispersion measurements, standard deviation (SD) or coefficient of variation (CV), estimated for the n pixels occurring within each sampling unit, better explains species diversity; the effects of pixel size on the direction and intensity of this relationship; and the effects of shaded pixels within each sampling unit. The spectral variability hypothesis was confirmed for the Atlantic Forest biome, with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.83 for species richness and 0.76 and 0.69 for the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, respectively, using 1.0 m illuminated pixels. The dispersion (CV and SD) of hyperspectral bands were most strongly correlated with taxonomic diversity and richness in the red-edge and near-infrared (NIR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Pixel size affected R<sup>2</sup> values, which were higher for 1.0 m pixels (0.83) and lower for 10.0 m pixels (0.71). Additionally, illuminated pixels had higher R<sup>2</sup> values than those under shadow effects. The main dispersion variables selected as metrics for regression models were mean CV, CV for the 726.7 nm band, and SD for the 742.3 and 933.4 nm bands. Our results suggest that spectral diversity can serve as a proxy for species diversity in the Atlantic Forest. However, factors that can affect this relationship, such as taxonomic and spectral diversity metrics used, pixel size, and shadow effects in images, should be considered. <a href="/2072-4292/16/23/4363">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4363/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1526895"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1526895"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1526895" data-cycle-prev="#prev1526895" data-cycle-progressive="#images1526895" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1526895-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/remotesensing/remotesensing-16-04363/article_deploy/html/images/remotesensing-16-04363-g001-550.jpg?1732322864" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1526895" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1526895-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/remotesensing/remotesensing-16-04363/article_deploy/html/images/remotesensing-16-04363-g002-550.jpg?1732322867'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1526895-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/remotesensing/remotesensing-16-04363/article_deploy/html/images/remotesensing-16-04363-g003-550.jpg?1732322868'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1526895-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/remotesensing/remotesensing-16-04363/article_deploy/html/images/remotesensing-16-04363-g004-550.jpg?1732322870'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1526895-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/remotesensing/remotesensing-16-04363/article_deploy/html/images/remotesensing-16-04363-g005-550.jpg?1732322873'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1526895-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/remotesensing/remotesensing-16-04363/article_deploy/html/images/remotesensing-16-04363-g006-550.jpg?1732322875'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1526895-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/remotesensing/remotesensing-16-04363/article_deploy/html/images/remotesensing-16-04363-g001-550.jpg?1732322864" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Location and layout of plots in the studied Atlantic Forest areas. Forests at the early successional stage: (<b>A</b>) plots 1 to 7 and (<b>B</b>) 17 to 20 (10–25 years); forests at the intermediate successional stage: (<b>C</b>) plots 8 to 11 (45–70 years); (<b>D</b>) forests at the advanced successional stage: plots 12 to 16 (more than 100 years old).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-4292/16/23/4363'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/remotesensing/remotesensing-16-04363/article_deploy/html/images/remotesensing-16-04363-g002-550.jpg?1732322867" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Representation of the mask applied to plot 13. (<b>A</b>) RGB image collected by the hyperspectral sensor; (<b>B</b>) image generated from NDVI without mask; (<b>C</b>) image generated from NDVI with the mask applied (NDVI ≤ 0.84).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-4292/16/23/4363'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/remotesensing/remotesensing-16-04363/article_deploy/html/images/remotesensing-16-04363-g003-550.jpg?1732322868" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Flowchart of the hyperspectral metric selection process (vegetation indices and bands).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-4292/16/23/4363'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/remotesensing/remotesensing-16-04363/article_deploy/html/images/remotesensing-16-04363-g004-550.jpg?1732322870" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Correlation coefficients between field-estimated Shannon (panels (<b>A</b>–<b>C</b>)), Simpson (panels (<b>D</b>–<b>F</b>)), and richness (panels (<b>G</b>–<b>I</b>)) indices and coefficients of variation (CV) and standard deviations (SDs) of reflectance, considering shaded (no mask) and non-shaded (mask) pixels at three different spatial resolutions (1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 m pixels).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-4292/16/23/4363'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/remotesensing/remotesensing-16-04363/article_deploy/html/images/remotesensing-16-04363-g005-550.jpg?1732322873" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Relationship between field-measured Shannon (<b>A</b>–<b>F</b>), Simpson (<b>G</b>–<b>L</b>), and species richness (<b>M</b>–<b>R</b>) and the selected hyperspectral metrics, considering illuminated and shaded pixels in the plot at three different spatial resolutions (1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 m pixels).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-4292/16/23/4363'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/remotesensing/remotesensing-16-04363/article_deploy/html/images/remotesensing-16-04363-g006-550.jpg?1732322875" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Relationship between field-estimated Shannon (<b>A</b>–<b>C</b>), Simpson (<b>D</b>–<b>F</b>), and species richness (<b>G</b>–<b>I</b>) and NDVI SD values, considering shaded and illuminated pixels of the plot at three different spatial resolutions (1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 m pixels), with Shannon and Simpson indices calculated based on coverage.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-4292/16/23/4363'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1527514" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527514" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1527514" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2076-3417/14/23/10842/s1?version=1732294107"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 16952 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 30 pages, 26115 KiB   </span> <a href="/2076-3417/14/23/10842/pdf?version=1732294106" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Application of Active Soil Gas Screening for the Identification of Groundwater Contamination with Chlorinated Hydrocarbons at an Industrial Area—A Case Study of the Former Refrigerator Manufacturer Calex (City of Zlaté Moravce, Western Slovakia)" data-journal="applsci"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2076-3417/14/23/10842">Application of Active Soil Gas Screening for the Identification of Groundwater Contamination with Chlorinated Hydrocarbons at an Industrial Area—A Case Study of the Former Refrigerator Manufacturer Calex (City of Zlaté Moravce, Western Slovakia)</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Roman Tóth</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Edgar Hiller</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Veronika Špirová</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ľubomír Jurkovič</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ľubica Ševčíková</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Juraj Macek</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Claudia Čičáková</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tibor Kovács</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anton Auxt</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Appl. Sci.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 10842; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310842">https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310842</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Background: Groundwater contamination with chlorinated hydrocarbons (CLHCs), particularly with tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE), which are used in industry for degreasing and cleaning, can be considered a serious problem concerning the entire world. In addition to conventional groundwater monitoring from a network of <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/10842/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Background: Groundwater contamination with chlorinated hydrocarbons (CLHCs), particularly with tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE), which are used in industry for degreasing and cleaning, can be considered a serious problem concerning the entire world. In addition to conventional groundwater monitoring from a network of wells, several screening methods have been proposed to identify and delineate groundwater contamination with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as soil gas measurement, bioindicators, direct-push technologies or geophysical techniques. The main objectives of this study were to confirm the feasibility of active soil gas screening for the characterisation of groundwater contamination with CLHCs under the wider area of the former refrigerator manufacturer (city of Zlaté Moravce, western Slovakia) and to evaluate the human health risks through exposure to CLHCs present in groundwater. Methods: a conventional site investigation based on concentration measurements using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry from monitoring wells and soil gas measurements using a portable photo-ionisation detector device were applied. Results: The chemical analyses showed the persistent contamination of groundwater, with PCE, TCE and other CLHCs, such as <i>cis</i>-1,2-dichloroethylene (<i>cis</i>-DCE) or 1,1,2-trichloroethane (TCA), being most severe in the zone of the former factory (up to 2690, 83,900, 6020 and 156 µg/L for PCE, TCE, <i>cis</i>-DCE and TCA, respectively), but also extended into the residential zone located 600 m along the groundwater flow line. Soil gas measurements of VOCs and other chemical parameters (methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), total petroleum (TP), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>)) from a densely designed network of sampling points (<i>n</i> = 300) helped trace the current state of groundwater contamination. Spatial distribution maps of VOCs concentrations in soil gas clearly marked the areas of the highest CLHCs concentrations in groundwater. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed a significant correlation of VOCs and CLHCs with the first principal component, PC1, explaining up to 84% of the total variability of the concentration data, suggesting that VOCs in soil gas were a suitable marker of the extent of groundwater contamination with CLHCs. Despite severe groundwater contamination with CLHCs reaching residential areas, local residents were not exposed to non-carcinogenic risks, but a potential carcinogenic risk was present. Conclusions: based on the results, it could be confirmed that soil gas screening is an efficient and quick tool for identifying the sources of groundwater contamination with CLHCs as well as the level of this contamination. <a href="/2076-3417/14/23/10842">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/applsci/special_issues/6R56P81WIP ">Latest Advances in Environmental Engineering: Approaches to the Management and Treatment of Water, Air and Waste</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 29 pages, 41830 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-964X/4/4/37/pdf?version=1732288610" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Beaches’ Expulsion from Paradise: From a Natural to an Artificial Littoral in Tuscany (Italy)" data-journal="coasts"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-964X/4/4/37">Beaches’ Expulsion from Paradise: From a Natural to an Artificial Littoral in Tuscany (Italy)</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Enzo Pranzini</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Irene Cinelli</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Giorgio Anfuso</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Coasts</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>4</em>(4), 697-725; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts4040037">https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts4040037</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This study investigated the shoreline evolution of the Tuscany coast (Italy) from 1878–1883 to 2019. The 205 km sandy coastline, divided into 821 sectors, each one 250 m long, was analyzed to understand how human activities have altered this once-pristine coast. Sub-period analyses <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-964X/4/4/37/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This study investigated the shoreline evolution of the Tuscany coast (Italy) from 1878–1883 to 2019. The 205 km sandy coastline, divided into 821 sectors, each one 250 m long, was analyzed to understand how human activities have altered this once-pristine coast. Sub-period analyses highlighted the impacts, both positive and negative, of various shore-protection projects. Initially, regional beaches were undeveloped and accreting, except for a few river deltas where alternating phases of erosion and accretion were observed. Coastal erosion began at deltas’ areas due to the reduction in sediment inputs and, at other areas, enhanced by the development of human settlements and tourism activities. This triggered the construction of protection structures that shifted erosion processes downdrift, a process that induced the downdrift extension of the structures (according to the “domino” effect), determining the transformation of a completely natural and resilient environment into a largely rigid one. Beach nourishment projects, mostly using inland quarries, added about 1 million cubic meters of sediment from the 1980s to 2019. Currently, 57.8% of beaches are larger than in the 1880s, 9.4% did not change and 32.8% are narrower. Overall, the Tuscan coast gained 6.5 km<sup>2</sup> of beach surface with an average shoreline advancement of 32 m. Recent trends (2005–2019) show that 37.7% of the coast is eroding, 21.1% is stable, and 41.2% is accreting, with a total surface area increase of about 200,000 m<sup>2</sup>. The beach surface area is still increasing despite the existing reduced sediment input due to the limited sediment loss resulting from the presence of morphological cells enclosed by very prominent headlands and the absence of submarine canyons that would otherwise direct sediments to the continental shelf. <a href="/2673-964X/4/4/37">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-964X/4/4/37/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527412"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527412"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527412" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527412" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527412" data-cycle-slides=">div" 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class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g004-550.jpg?1732288730'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g005-550.jpg?1732288731'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g006-550.jpg?1732288733'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g007-550.jpg?1732288734'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g008-550.jpg?1732288734'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g009-550.jpg?1732288736'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g010-550.jpg?1732288738'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g011-550.jpg?1732288739'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g012-550.jpg?1732288741'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g013-550.jpg?1732288743'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g014-550.jpg?1732288744'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g015-550.jpg?1732288746'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g016-550.jpg?1732288748'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g017-550.jpg?1732288751'><p>Figure 17</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='17' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g018-550.jpg?1732288752'><p>Figure 18</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='18' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g019-550.jpg?1732288754'><p>Figure 19</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='19' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g020a-550.jpg?1732288755'><p>Figure 20</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='20' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g020b-550.jpg?1732288756'><p>Figure 20 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='21' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g021-550.jpg?1732288757'><p>Figure 21</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='22' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g022-550.jpg?1732288759'><p>Figure 22</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='23' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g023-550.jpg?1732288760'><p>Figure 23</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='24' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g024-550.jpg?1732288761'><p>Figure 24</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='25' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g025-550.jpg?1732288762'><p>Figure 25</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='26' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g026-550.jpg?1732288762'><p>Figure 26</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='27' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g027-550.jpg?1732288763'><p>Figure 27</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='28' data-target='article-1527412-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g028-550.jpg?1732288767'><p>Figure 28</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527412-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g001-550.jpg?1732288725" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Location map of the study area (in red the coast of continental Tuscany).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g002-550.jpg?1732288726" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>San Rocco fort at the time of its building (1792) and its position today (Google Earth image April 2022).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g003-550.jpg?1732288727" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>The wooden pier for marble loading at Forte dei Marmi (Marble Fort) and one of the first bathing establishments present on the IGM topographic map (1878).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g004-550.jpg?1732288730" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Physiographic sketch of the continental Tuscany coast showing main littoral cells, longshore transport directions, long-term evolution and shore-protection structures. Extreme values of offshore waves, i.e., significant wave height (H<sub>s</sub>), associated mean period (T<sub>m</sub>) and approaching direction values for three European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts points are also reported [<a href="#B15-coasts-04-00037" class="html-bibr">15</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g005-550.jpg?1732288731" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Pie charts showing the percentage of beaches undergoing erosion, stability and sedimentation for the 1881–2019 (<b>a</b>), 1881–1954 (<b>b</b>), 1954–1984 (<b>c</b>), 1984–2005 (<b>d</b>) and 2005–2019 (<b>e</b>) time spans. Note that the classes’ boundaries are not the same in the five graphs since they are consistent with the accuracy of the data used to characterize each interval.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g006-550.jpg?1732288733" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Long-term (<b>a</b>), 1881–2019, and recent (<b>b</b>), 2005–2019, shoreline displacement along the Northern Tuscany cell (<a href="#coasts-04-00037-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a> and <a href="#coasts-04-00037-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a>). Recent works that could have influenced coastal evolution are shown in red. Note: the vertical scale is different in the two graphs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g007-550.jpg?1732288734" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Coastal evolution after Carrara harbor (1880–1954) and shore-protection structures’ (1954–1984) construction.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g008-550.jpg?1732288734" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>The coast downdrift the Marina di Carrara harbor. The red arrow shows the coastal road that, until the 1930s, was running along the whole coast (authors’ photo, 8 November 2005).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g009-550.jpg?1732288736" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Shore-protection structures at Marina di Massa, with groins connected at their tips by a submerged (−0.5 m) detached breakwater (Photo Provincia di Livorno, 18 July 2007).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g010-550.jpg?1732288738" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Marina di Pisa was established at the end of the 19th century on the southern lobe of the Arno River delta, coinciding with the conclusion of the progradation phase (Istituto Geografico Militare, I.G.M., historical maps).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g011-550.jpg?1732288739" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Marina di Pisa: late 19th–early 20th century wooden coastal protections in an undated postcard, probably from the first decade of the 20th century.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g012-550.jpg?1732288741" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Marina di Pisa: converting hard structures into gravel beaches (from 1996 to 2020; authors’ photos).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g013-550.jpg?1732288743" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>The cost south of Marina di Pisa (Sectors 215–220, <a href="#coasts-04-00037-f006" class="html-fig">Figure 6</a>b; Google Earth image acquired on 30 April 2024 and authors’ photo, 25 June 2004).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g014-550.jpg?1732288744" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>The ‘low-accretion’ areas in the central part of this littoral cell over the long period (sectors nos. 80–90) can be explained by the reduction of sediment input from two small rivers but under the continuous arrival of sand from the north according to the predominant drift direction indicated by black arrows in the figure.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g015-550.jpg?1732288746" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Beach long-term (<b>a</b>), 1879–2019, and recent (<b>b</b>), 2005–2019, evolution of the Central Tuscany cell.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g016-550.jpg?1732288748" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Villa Ginori (indicated by a red arrow in the map), built in the early 18th century at the mouth of the Cecina River, is depicted in a print by Zocchi dated 1744, and its location is shown in the 1881 topographic map, illustrating beach progradation during the 18th and 19th centuries. However, such progradation was not continuous and may have been reversed, as suggested by other documents.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g017-550.jpg?1732288751" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>The early development of Marina di Cecina according to the first editions of the I.G.M. map (1883 at 1:50,000: 1908 and 1938 at 1:25,000).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g018-550.jpg?1732288752" title=" <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/> <p>The present configuration of Marina di Cecina shore-protection project and the new marina (Google Earth image acquired on 5 April 2022).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g019-550.jpg?1732288754" title=" <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Authors’ photos of dune erosion and fallen pine trees south of Marina di Cecina (May, 2019) and (<b>b</b>) one of the eight artificial shoals under construction south of Marina di Cecina. On the left side of the photo, the salient soon formed is visible, along with the gravel used for beach nourishment (approx. 7000 m<sup>3</sup>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g020a-550.jpg?1732288755" title=" <strong>Figure 20</strong><br/> <p>Beach long-term (<b>a</b>), 1878–2019, and recent (<b>b</b>), 1984–2005, evolution of the Follonica littoral cell. Recent works that could have influenced coastal evolution are marked in red. Vertical scale is different in the two graphs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g020b-550.jpg?1732288756" title=" <strong>Figure 20 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Beach long-term (<b>a</b>), 1878–2019, and recent (<b>b</b>), 1984–2005, evolution of the Follonica littoral cell. Recent works that could have influenced coastal evolution are marked in red. Vertical scale is different in the two graphs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g021-550.jpg?1732288757" title=" <strong>Figure 21</strong><br/> <p>Beach response to the project carried out in the central part of the Follonica Gulf in the 1980s–1990s (pre- and post-work available shorelines).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g022-550.jpg?1732288759" title=" <strong>Figure 22</strong><br/> <p>Marina di Scarlino and the beach expansion from 2000 to 2004. On the dry beach, piles of sand accumulated, intended to be transported a few hundred meters further north (Basemap Google Earth image, 2004). The small upper image shows the position of the marina within the Gulf of Follonica.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g023-550.jpg?1732288760" title=" <strong>Figure 23</strong><br/> <p>Gravel nourishment stabilized by submerged groins. Salients are formed at the groins’ root. The revetment is at least twenty years older (authors’ photo, 31 May 2016).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g024-550.jpg?1732288761" title=" <strong>Figure 24</strong><br/> <p>Beach evolution from 1883 to 2019 in the Ombrone River littoral cell. The lower accretion recorded at Collelungo is due to the fact that, in 1883, it constituted a small headland.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g025-550.jpg?1732288762" title=" <strong>Figure 25</strong><br/> <p>Collelungo watchtower was built in the 16th century on a headland that, according to the 1883 I.G.M. map, was still protruding out of the shoreline and functioning like a groin. In the 1950s, it was still possible to dive from the rocks, but now there is a 70 m wide beach in front.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g026-550.jpg?1732288762" title=" <strong>Figure 26</strong><br/> <p>Ombrone River delta in the Maremma Regional Park: (<b>a</b>) detached breakwater constructed to protect a house, now reached by the beach, on the northern side of the delta; (<b>b</b>) cusp formed by a submerged groin on the southern side of the delta. Waves breaking on the structure are visible, too (authors’ photos, 22 May 2020).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g027-550.jpg?1732288763" title=" <strong>Figure 27</strong><br/> <p>The bypass active at the port of Marina di Grosseto: pipes discharge sand on the northern side (downdrift) of the jetties (authors’ photo, 6 January 2015).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coasts/coasts-04-00037/article_deploy/html/images/coasts-04-00037-g028-550.jpg?1732288767" title=" <strong>Figure 28</strong><br/> <p>Castiglione della Pescaia: inversion of longshore sediment transport (yellow arrows) caused by wave diffraction and reflection (wave orthogonals in blue) along a shore oblique structure (base Google earth image acquired on 3 September 2023). In the upper right box: houses constructed on the dunes in the 1960s and 1970s and the detached breakwaters built for their protection (authors’ photo 6 January 2015).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-964X/4/4/37'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 3625 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-7256/4/4/29/pdf?version=1732292536" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="MnOx and Pd Surface Functionalization of TiO2 Thin Films via Photodeposition UV Dose Control" data-journal="photochem"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-7256/4/4/29">MnO<sub>x</sub> and Pd Surface Functionalization of TiO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films via Photodeposition UV Dose Control</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Bozhidar I. Stefanov</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hristo G. Kolev</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Photochem</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>4</em>(4), 474-487; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem4040029">https://doi.org/10.3390/photochem4040029</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This study investigated the influence of the ultraviolet (UV) dose (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) on the photodeposition of MnO<sub>x</sub> and Pd cocatalysts on 300-nm-thick anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films, which were prepared via sol–gel dip-coating on a glass substrate. MnO<sub>x</sub> <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7256/4/4/29/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This study investigated the influence of the ultraviolet (UV) dose (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) on the photodeposition of MnO<sub>x</sub> and Pd cocatalysts on 300-nm-thick anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films, which were prepared via sol–gel dip-coating on a glass substrate. MnO<sub>x</sub> and Pd were photodeposited using increasing UV doses ranging from 5 to 20 J cm<sup>−2</sup>, from 5 mM aqueous electrolytes based on Mn<sup>2+</sup>/IO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> or Pd<sup>2+</sup>, respectively. The effect of the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> on the MnO<sub>x</sub> photodeposition resulted in an increase in Mn<sup>2+</sup> surface content, from 2.7 to 5.2 at.%, as determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For Pd, increasing the UV dose led to a reduction in the oxidation state, transitioning from Pd<sup>2+</sup> to Pd<sup>0</sup>, while the overall Pd surface content range remained relatively steady at 2.2–2.4 at.%. Both MnO<sub>x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> and Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibited proportional enhancements in photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of methylene blue. Notably, Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub> demonstrated a significant improvement in photocatalytic performance, surpassing that of pristine TiO<sub>2</sub>. In contrast, TiO<sub>2</sub> samples functionalized through wet impregnation and thermal treatment in the same electrolytes showed overall lower photocatalytic activity compared to those functionalized via photodeposition. <a href="/2673-7256/4/4/29">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7256/4/4/29/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1527498"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1527498"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1527498" data-cycle-prev="#prev1527498" data-cycle-progressive="#images1527498" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527498-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g001-550.jpg?1732292612" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1527498" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1527498-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g002-550.jpg?1732292613'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1527498-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g003-550.jpg?1732292614'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1527498-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g004-550.jpg?1732292617'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1527498-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g005-550.jpg?1732292620'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1527498-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g006-550.jpg?1732292621'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1527498-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g007-550.jpg?1732292623'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1527498-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g008-550.jpg?1732292625'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1527498-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g009-550.jpg?1732292627'><p>Figure 9</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1527498-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g001-550.jpg?1732292612" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Schematic representation of the experimental protocol used for TiO<sub>2</sub> thin film functionalization in this study, illustrating the two employed routes: photodeposition and thermal wet chemical (incipient wetness) functionalization.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-7256/4/4/29'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g002-550.jpg?1732292613" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Geometry of the UV photodeposition exposure system. (<b>b</b>) Emission spectrum of the UV LED, with the emission maximum (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">λ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math>) indicated. (<b>c</b>) Variation in the UV emission intensity (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math>) and cumulative photodeposition UV dose (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math>) rates over a 45 min exposure period.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-7256/4/4/29'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g003-550.jpg?1732292614" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Schematic representation of (<b>a</b>) the photocatalytic reactor setup used for the methylene blue (MB) photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) experiments and (<b>b</b>) an example of a <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math> concentration profile obtained during MB PCO experiments with pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> films, along with MB photolysis data from blank experiments. Error bars on the <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math> profile indicate standard errors based on triplicate measurements, demonstrating the reproducibility of the experimental data.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-7256/4/4/29'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g004-550.jpg?1732292617" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>SEM micrographs of (<b>a</b>) the surface morphology and (<b>b</b>) cross-sectional view of the pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> thin film, the surface morphology of the thermally functionalized (<b>c</b>) MnO<sub>x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> and (<b>e</b>) Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films, and the photodeposition-functionalized (<b>d</b>) MnO<sub>x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> and (<b>f</b>) Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts at a UV dose of 20 J cm<sup>−2</sup>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-7256/4/4/29'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g005-550.jpg?1732292620" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>EDX spectra of (<b>a</b>) MnO<sub>x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> and (<b>c</b>) Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub> films, photodeposition-functionalized at 20 J cm<sup>−2</sup>, along with the corresponding element maps for (<b>b</b>) Mn, Ti, and O in the MnO<sub>x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> case and (<b>d</b>) Pd, Ti, and O in the Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub> case.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-7256/4/4/29'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g006-550.jpg?1732292621" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>XRD patterns of the pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and the MnO<sub>x</sub>- and Pd-functionalized TiO<sub>2</sub> layers, with photodeposition functionalization occurring at a UV dose of 20 J cm<sup>−2</sup>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-7256/4/4/29'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g007-550.jpg?1732292623" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of Raman spectra for pristine TiO<sub>2</sub> and layers functionalized through thermal treatment and photodeposition (PD) for (<b>a</b>) MnO<sub>x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> and (<b>b</b>) Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-7256/4/4/29'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g008-550.jpg?1732292625" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>XPS spectra for thermally functionalized and photodeposition-functionalized TiO<sub>2</sub> samples, showing (<b>a</b>) the Mn2p region for MnO<sub>x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> and (<b>b</b>) the Pd3d region for Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-7256/4/4/29'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/photochem/photochem-04-00029/article_deploy/html/images/photochem-04-00029-g009-550.jpg?1732292627" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Influence of MnO<sub>x</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> and Pd/TiO<sub>2</sub> functionalization conditions on (<b>a</b>) the saturation coverage of MB (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">θ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>MB</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math>) and (<b>b</b>) MB PCO rate (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>MB</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </semantics></math>). Data obtained from triplicate runs. Error bars signify standard error.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-7256/4/4/29'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 9 pages, 306 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-8236/4/4/18/pdf?version=1732292959" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="‘Optimal’ vs. ‘Suboptimal’ Haemodialysis Start with Central Venous Catheter—A Better Way to Assess a Vascular Access Service?" data-journal="kidneydial"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-8236/4/4/18">‘Optimal’ vs. ‘Suboptimal’ Haemodialysis Start with Central Venous Catheter—A Better Way to Assess a Vascular Access Service?</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Michael Corr</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Agnes Masengu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Damian McGrogan</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jennifer Hanko</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Kidney Dial.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>4</em>(4), 214-222; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial4040018">https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial4040018</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> <b>Background</b>: Whether patients commence haemodialysis with a central venous catheter (CVC), or an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is used to audit the quality of a vascular access service. However, this crude metric of measurement can miss the increasing nuance and complexity of vascular <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8236/4/4/18/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> <b>Background</b>: Whether patients commence haemodialysis with a central venous catheter (CVC), or an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is used to audit the quality of a vascular access service. However, this crude metric of measurement can miss the increasing nuance and complexity of vascular access planning. We aimed to understand whether commencing haemodialysis with a CVC represented an ‘optimal’ or ‘suboptimal’ outcome and how this could influence the assessment of a vascular access service. <b>Methods</b>: From a prospective clinical database, patients known to nephrology >90 days prior to initiating haemodialysis as first-ever renal replacement therapy (2011–2020) from a single centre were included. <b>Results</b>: A total of 158/254 patients started haemodialysis with a CVC, and 96 with arteriovenous fistula. For 91 patients, the CVC was deemed ‘optimal’ care due to factors such as unpredictable deterioration in renal function (n = 41) and inadequate veins for AVF creation (n = 24). For 67 patients, the CVC was ‘suboptimal’ due to factors such as no/late referral to access assessment (n = 25) and delays in the AVF creation pathway (n = 13). There was no difference in mean survival between the AVF and ‘suboptimal’ groups (2.53 vs. 2.21 years, <i>p </i>= 0.31). There was a survival difference between AVF versus CVC (2.53 vs. 1.97 years, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and ‘suboptimal’ versus ‘optimal’ CVC cohorts (2.21 vs. 1.40 years, <i>p</i> = 0.16). <b>Conclusions</b>: Understanding whether a CVC is ‘optimal’ or ‘suboptimal’ allows a more nuanced analysis of service provision. High mortality in the ‘optimal’ group suggests a frailer cohort where CVC is potentially the best care. Studying ‘suboptimal’ CVC starts helps identify practice and system issues preventing ‘optimal’ care. <a href="/2673-8236/4/4/18">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/kidneydial/special_issues/50HQ003NV0 ">Feature Papers for Kidney and Dialysis: Advances in Nephrology and Dialysis—Series II</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 2 pages, 244 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-4079/5/4/18/pdf?version=1732291680" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Sustainable Chemistry: The Future" data-journal="suschem"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Editorial</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-4079/5/4/18">Sustainable Chemistry: The Future</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Matthew D. Jones</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustain. Chem.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(4), 273-274; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem5040018">https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem5040018</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-full inline"> When we watch the news and events around the world, it is almost impossible not to find items related to climate change, energy security or issues around plastic waste in the environment [...] <a href="/2673-4079/5/4/18">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 916 KiB   </span> <a href="/2624-8549/6/6/90/pdf?version=1732291971" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Emerging Trends in Skin Anti-Photoaging by Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Focus on Postbiotics" data-journal="chemistry"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2624-8549/6/6/90">Emerging Trends in Skin Anti-Photoaging by Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Focus on Postbiotics</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiangji Jin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Trang Thi Minh Nguyen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Eun-Ji Yi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qiwen Zheng</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Se-Jig Park</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gyeong-Seon Yi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Su-Jin Yang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mi-Ju Kim</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tae-Hoo Yi</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Chemistry</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>6</em>(6), 1495-1508; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry6060090">https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry6060090</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Background: Reflecting the increasing interest and research on living a healthy life as society ages, there has been a surge in attention and studies on photodamage. Probiotics have been studied for their ability to enhance skin integrity and provide protection from ultraviolet radiation <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/6/6/90/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Background: Reflecting the increasing interest and research on living a healthy life as society ages, there has been a surge in attention and studies on photodamage. Probiotics have been studied for their ability to enhance skin integrity and provide protection from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). However, despite this, extensive research has revealed various issues and side effects, prompting increased interest in alternative options that can effectively and safely protect the skin. We focused on postbiotics as a promising solution for photodamage, aiming to demonstrate their potential as a safe and stable alternative to probiotics. Methods: We investigated papers on “skin aging” or “photoaging” and “probiotics” or “postbiotics” from 2013 to 2023 using the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Additionally, we compared and analyzed publications, authors, countries, keywords, and citations using the VOS viewer program. Results: According to our search results, the majority of papers on photodamage and probiotics were published in PubMed, with the United States leading in publication volume among countries. The most common keywords were “photodamage” and “skin”. The most cited paper recorded 470 citations. Furthermore, upon focused analysis of five papers on postbiotics and photodamage, postbiotics demonstrated preventive and protective effects against skin photodamage. Conclusions: Postbiotics for photodamage show potential as a safe and stable alternative to probiotics. However, research on postbiotics and photodamage remains limited, and additional studies and long-term tracking are essential to substantiate our claims. <a href="/2624-8549/6/6/90">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/chemistry/sections/biological_natural_products">Biological and Natural Products</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 872 KiB   </span> <a href="/2624-7402/6/4/251/pdf?version=1732295056" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Development and Evaluation of a Laser System for Autonomous Weeding Robots" data-journal="agriengineering"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2624-7402/6/4/251">Development and Evaluation of a Laser System for Autonomous Weeding Robots</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vitali Czymmek</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jost Völckner</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Stephan Hussmann</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>AgriEngineering</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>6</em>(4), 4425-4441; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering6040251">https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering6040251</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Manual weed control is becoming increasingly costly, necessitating the development of alternative methods. This work investigates the feasibility of using laser technology for autonomous weed regulation. We developed a system utilizing a laser scanner to target and eliminate weeds, which was first tested <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/6/4/251/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Manual weed control is becoming increasingly costly, necessitating the development of alternative methods. This work investigates the feasibility of using laser technology for autonomous weed regulation. We developed a system utilizing a laser scanner to target and eliminate weeds, which was first tested using a pilot laser for accuracy and performance. Subsequently, the system was upgraded with a high-power fiber laser. Experimental results demonstrated a high weed destruction accuracy with real-time capabilities. The system achieved efficient weed control with minimal environmental impact, providing a potential alternative for sustainable agriculture. <a href="/2624-7402/6/4/251">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/agriengineering/special_issues/6OJU7YG3BP ">Advancing Smart Farming through Agricultural Robots and Automation Technologies</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item last-item"> <a class="bold" href="/search?sort=pubdate&page_count=50">More Articles...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="left-column" class="content__column large-3 large-pull-6 medium-3 medium-pull-6 small-12 columns"> <div id="js-large-main-top-container"> <div id="js-main-top-container" class="content__container top-border"> <h1 class="show-for-medium-up display-as-h2"> Open Access Journals </h1> <div class="box_content" style="padding-bottom: 10px;"> <select id="js-home-journal-select" 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Applications (ESA)</option> <option value="eng">Eng</option> <option value="engproc">Engineering Proceedings</option> <option value="entropy">Entropy</option> <option value="environsciproc">Environmental Sciences Proceedings</option> <option value="environments">Environments</option> <option value="epidemiologia">Epidemiologia</option> <option value="epigenomes">Epigenomes</option> <option value="ebj">European Burn Journal (EBJ)</option> <option value="ejihpe">European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE)</option> <option value="fermentation">Fermentation</option> <option value="fibers">Fibers</option> <option value="fintech">FinTech</option> <option value="fire">Fire</option> <option value="fishes">Fishes</option> <option value="fluids">Fluids</option> <option value="foods">Foods</option> <option value="forecasting">Forecasting</option> <option value="forensicsci">Forensic Sciences</option> <option value="forests">Forests</option> <option value="fossstud">Fossil Studies</option> <option value="foundations">Foundations</option> <option value="fractalfract">Fractal and Fractional (Fractal Fract)</option> <option value="fuels">Fuels</option> <option value="future">Future</option> <option value="futureinternet">Future Internet</option> <option value="futurepharmacol">Future Pharmacology</option> <option value="futuretransp">Future Transportation</option> <option value="galaxies">Galaxies</option> <option value="games">Games</option> <option value="gases">Gases</option> <option value="gastroent">Gastroenterology Insights</option> <option value="gastrointestdisord">Gastrointestinal Disorders</option> <option value="gastronomy">Gastronomy</option> <option value="gels">Gels</option> <option value="genealogy">Genealogy</option> <option value="genes">Genes</option> <option value="geographies">Geographies</option> <option value="geohazards">GeoHazards</option> <option value="geomatics">Geomatics</option> <option value="geometry">Geometry</option> <option value="geosciences">Geosciences</option> <option value="geotechnics">Geotechnics</option> <option value="geriatrics">Geriatrics</option> <option value="glacies">Glacies</option> <option value="gucdd">Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD)</option> <option value="grasses">Grasses</option> <option value="hardware">Hardware</option> <option value="healthcare">Healthcare</option> <option value="hearts">Hearts</option> <option value="hemato">Hemato</option> <option value="hematolrep">Hematology Reports</option> <option value="heritage">Heritage</option> <option value="histories">Histories</option> <option value="horticulturae">Horticulturae</option> <option value="hospitals">Hospitals</option> <option value="humanities">Humanities</option> <option value="humans">Humans</option> <option value="hydrobiology">Hydrobiology</option> <option value="hydrogen">Hydrogen</option> <option value="hydrology">Hydrology</option> <option value="hygiene">Hygiene</option> <option value="immuno">Immuno</option> <option value="idr">Infectious Disease Reports</option> <option value="informatics">Informatics</option> <option value="information">Information</option> <option value="infrastructures">Infrastructures</option> <option value="inorganics">Inorganics</option> <option value="insects">Insects</option> <option value="instruments">Instruments</option> <option value="iic">Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction</option> <option value="ijerph">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH)</option> <option value="ijfs">International Journal of Financial Studies (IJFS)</option> <option value="ijms">International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS)</option> <option value="IJNS">International Journal of Neonatal Screening (IJNS)</option> <option value="ijpb">International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB)</option> <option value="ijt">International Journal of Topology</option> <option value="ijtm">International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM)</option> <option value="ijtpp">International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP)</option> <option value="ime">International Medical Education (IME)</option> <option value="inventions">Inventions</option> <option value="IoT">IoT</option> <option value="ijgi">ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI)</option> <option value="J">J</option> <option value="jal">Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL)</option> <option value="jcdd">Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD)</option> <option value="jcto">Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO)</option> <option value="jcm">Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM)</option> <option value="jcs">Journal of Composites Science (J. Compos. Sci.)</option> <option value="jcp">Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy (JCP)</option> <option value="jdad">Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (JDAD)</option> <option value="jdb">Journal of Developmental Biology (JDB)</option> <option value="jeta">Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA)</option> <option value="jfb">Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB)</option> <option value="jfmk">Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK)</option> <option value="jof">Journal of Fungi (JoF)</option> <option value="jimaging">Journal of Imaging (J. Imaging)</option> <option value="jintelligence">Journal of Intelligence (J. Intell.)</option> <option value="jlpea">Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA)</option> <option value="jmmp">Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP)</option> <option value="jmse">Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE)</option> <option value="jmahp">Journal of Market Access & Health Policy (JMAHP)</option> <option value="jmp">Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP)</option> <option value="jnt">Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT)</option> <option value="jne">Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE)</option> <option value="ohbm">Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM)</option> <option value="jop">Journal of Parks</option> <option value="jpm">Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM)</option> <option value="jpbi">Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI)</option> <option value="jor">Journal of Respiration (JoR)</option> <option value="jrfm">Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM)</option> <option value="jsan">Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN)</option> <option value="joma">Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA)</option> <option value="jtaer">Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER)</option> <option value="jvd">Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD)</option> <option value="jox">Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX)</option> <option value="jzbg">Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG)</option> <option value="journalmedia">Journalism and Media</option> <option value="kidneydial">Kidney and Dialysis</option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases">Kinases and Phosphatases</option> <option value="knowledge">Knowledge</option> <option value="labmed">LabMed</option> <option value="laboratories">Laboratories</option> <option value="land">Land</option> <option value="languages">Languages</option> <option value="laws">Laws</option> <option value="life">Life</option> <option value="limnolrev">Limnological Review</option> <option value="lipidology">Lipidology</option> <option value="liquids">Liquids</option> <option value="literature">Literature</option> <option value="livers">Livers</option> <option value="logics">Logics</option> <option value="logistics">Logistics</option> <option value="lubricants">Lubricants</option> <option value="lymphatics">Lymphatics</option> <option value="make">Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (MAKE)</option> <option value="machines">Machines</option> <option value="macromol">Macromol</option> <option value="magnetism">Magnetism</option> <option value="magnetochemistry">Magnetochemistry</option> <option value="marinedrugs">Marine Drugs</option> <option value="materials">Materials</option> <option value="materproc">Materials Proceedings</option> <option value="mca">Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA)</option> <option value="mathematics">Mathematics</option> <option value="medsci">Medical Sciences</option> <option value="msf">Medical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="medicina">Medicina</option> <option value="medicines">Medicines</option> <option value="membranes">Membranes</option> <option value="merits">Merits</option> <option value="metabolites">Metabolites</option> <option value="metals">Metals</option> <option value="meteorology">Meteorology</option> <option value="methane">Methane</option> <option value="mps">Methods and Protocols (MPs)</option> <option value="metrics">Metrics</option> <option value="metrology">Metrology</option> <option value="micro">Micro</option> <option value="microbiolres">Microbiology Research</option> <option value="micromachines">Micromachines</option> <option value="microorganisms">Microorganisms</option> <option value="microplastics">Microplastics</option> <option value="minerals">Minerals</option> <option value="mining">Mining</option> <option value="modelling">Modelling</option> <option value="mmphys">Modern Mathematical Physics</option> <option value="molbank">Molbank</option> <option value="molecules">Molecules</option> <option value="mti">Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI)</option> <option value="muscles">Muscles</option> <option value="nanoenergyadv">Nanoenergy Advances</option> <option value="nanomanufacturing">Nanomanufacturing</option> <option value="nanomaterials">Nanomaterials</option> <option value="ndt">NDT</option> <option value="network">Network</option> <option value="neuroglia">Neuroglia</option> <option value="neurolint">Neurology International</option> <option value="neurosci">NeuroSci</option> <option value="nitrogen">Nitrogen</option> <option value="ncrna">Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA)</option> <option value="nursrep">Nursing Reports</option> <option value="nutraceuticals">Nutraceuticals</option> <option value="nutrients">Nutrients</option> <option value="obesities">Obesities</option> <option value="oceans">Oceans</option> <option value="onco">Onco</option> <option value="optics">Optics</option> <option value="oral">Oral</option> <option value="organics">Organics</option> <option value="organoids">Organoids</option> <option value="osteology">Osteology</option> <option value="oxygen">Oxygen</option> <option value="parasitologia">Parasitologia</option> <option value="particles">Particles</option> <option value="pathogens">Pathogens</option> <option value="pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</option> <option value="pediatrrep">Pediatric Reports</option> <option value="pets">Pets</option> <option value="pharmaceuticals">Pharmaceuticals</option> <option value="pharmaceutics">Pharmaceutics</option> <option value="pharmacoepidemiology">Pharmacoepidemiology</option> <option value="pharmacy">Pharmacy</option> <option value="philosophies">Philosophies</option> <option value="photochem">Photochem</option> <option value="photonics">Photonics</option> <option value="phycology">Phycology</option> <option value="physchem">Physchem</option> <option value="psf">Physical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="physics">Physics</option> 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Med.)</option> <option value="resources">Resources</option> <option value="rheumato">Rheumato</option> <option value="risks">Risks</option> <option value="robotics">Robotics</option> <option value="ruminants">Ruminants</option> <option value="safety">Safety</option> <option value="sci">Sci</option> <option value="scipharm">Scientia Pharmaceutica (Sci. Pharm.)</option> <option value="sclerosis">Sclerosis</option> <option value="seeds">Seeds</option> <option value="sensors">Sensors</option> <option value="separations">Separations</option> <option value="sexes">Sexes</option> <option value="signals">Signals</option> <option value="sinusitis">Sinusitis</option> <option value="smartcities">Smart Cities</option> <option value="socsci">Social Sciences</option> <option value="siuj">Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal (SIUJ)</option> <option value="societies">Societies</option> <option value="software">Software</option> <option value="soilsystems">Soil Systems</option> <option value="solar">Solar</option> <option value="solids">Solids</option> <option value="spectroscj">Spectroscopy Journal</option> <option value="sports">Sports</option> <option value="standards">Standards</option> <option value="stats">Stats</option> <option value="stresses">Stresses</option> <option value="surfaces">Surfaces</option> <option value="surgeries">Surgeries</option> <option value="std">Surgical Techniques Development</option> <option value="sustainability">Sustainability</option> <option value="suschem">Sustainable Chemistry</option> <option value="symmetry">Symmetry</option> <option value="synbio">SynBio</option> <option value="systems">Systems</option> <option value="targets">Targets</option> <option value="taxonomy">Taxonomy</option> <option value="technologies">Technologies</option> <option value="telecom">Telecom</option> <option value="textiles">Textiles</option> <option value="thalassrep">Thalassemia Reports</option> <option value="therapeutics">Therapeutics</option> <option value="thermo">Thermo</option> <option value="timespace">Time and Space</option> <option value="tomography">Tomography</option> <option value="tourismhosp">Tourism and Hospitality</option> <option value="toxics">Toxics</option> <option value="toxins">Toxins</option> <option value="transplantology">Transplantology</option> <option value="traumacare">Trauma Care</option> <option value="higheredu">Trends in Higher Education</option> <option value="tropicalmed">Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed)</option> <option value="universe">Universe</option> <option value="urbansci">Urban Science</option> <option value="uro">Uro</option> <option value="vaccines">Vaccines</option> <option value="vehicles">Vehicles</option> <option value="venereology">Venereology</option> <option value="vetsci">Veterinary Sciences</option> <option value="vibration">Vibration</option> <option value="virtualworlds">Virtual Worlds</option> <option value="viruses">Viruses</option> <option value="vision">Vision</option> <option value="waste">Waste</option> <option value="water">Water</option> <option value="wild">Wild</option> <option value="wind">Wind</option> <option value="women">Women</option> <option value="world">World</option> <option value="wevj">World Electric Vehicle Journal (WEVJ)</option> <option value="youth">Youth</option> <option value="zoonoticdis">Zoonotic Diseases</option> </select> </div> <a href="#" class="bolded-text link-browse-by link-browse-by__indexing UI_BrowseIndexing_Closed"> <span class="closed">►</span> <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span> Browse by Indexing </a> <ul class="side-menu-ul side-menu-ul--padded index-browse-subjects hidden UI_BrowseIndexing_Elements"> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/scopus">Scopus</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/wos">Web of Science</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li side-menu-li__intended"> <a href="/about/journals/sci">SCIE</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li side-menu-li__intended"> <a href="/about/journals/ssci">SSCI</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li side-menu-li__intended"> <a href="/about/journals/ahci">AHCI</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li side-menu-li__intended"> <a href="/about/journals/esci">ESCI</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/pubmed">PubMed</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/medline">MEDLINE</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/pmc">PMC</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/embase">Embase</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/compendex">Ei Compendex</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/inspec">Inspec</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/cas">CAPlus / SciFinder</a> </li> </ul> <a href="#" id="link-browse-by" class="bolded-text link-browse-by link-browse-by__subject UI_BrowseSubject_Closed"> <span class="closed">►</span> <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span> Browse by Subject </a> <ul class="side-menu-ul side-menu-ul--padded index-browse-subjects hidden UI_BrowseSubject_Elements"> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/bio-life"> Biology & Life Sciences </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/business-econ"> Business & Economics </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/chem-materials"> Chemistry & Materials Science </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/computer-math"> Computer Science & Mathematics </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/engineering"> Engineering </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/environment"> Environmental & Earth Sciences </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/med-pharma"> Medicine & Pharmacology </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/physics-astronomy"> Physical Sciences </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/health"> Public Health & Healthcare </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/arts-humanity"> Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities </a> </li> </ul> <a href="#" class="bolded-text link-browse-by show-for-small" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span class="closed">►</span> <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span> Selected Journals </a> <ul id="index-journals" class="hidden"> <li> <a href="/journal/ijms"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/ijms-logo-sq.png?41930e44070e4940" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> IJMS <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.9</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/applsci"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/applsci-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Applied Sciences <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/sustainability"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/sustainability-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Sustainability <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/jcm"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jcm-logo-sq.png?6922832c4f546280" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> JCM <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/sensors"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/sensors-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Sensors <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/energies"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/energies-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Energies <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/molecules"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/molecules-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Molecules <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/materials"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/materials-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Materials <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/nutrients"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/nutrients-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Nutrients <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/remotesensing"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/remotesensing-logo-sq.png?33ab614e9661caf2" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Remote Sensing <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/electronics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/electronics-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Electronics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.6</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/buildings"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/buildings-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Buildings <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/foods"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/foods-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Foods <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/mathematics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/mathematics-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Mathematics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/cancers"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/cancers-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Cancers <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/water"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/water-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Water <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/plants"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/plants-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Plants <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/animals"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/animals-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Animals <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/polymers"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/polymers-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Polymers <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/agronomy"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/agronomy-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Agronomy <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/processes"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/processes-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Processes <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/biomedicines"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/biomedicines-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Biomedicines <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.9</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/diagnostics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/diagnostics-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Diagnostics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/agriculture"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/agriculture-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Agriculture <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/jmse"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jmse-logo-sq.png?7a9fe15cd28a3a0d" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> JMSE <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/healthcare"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/healthcare-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Healthcare <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/microorganisms"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/microorganisms-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Microorganisms <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/land"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/land-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Land <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/forests"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/forests-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Forests <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/medicina"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/medicina-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Medicina <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/nanomaterials"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/nanomaterials-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Nanomaterials <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/cells"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/cells-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Cells <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">5.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/viruses"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/viruses-logo-sq.png?9dcd988b1d672389" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Viruses <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/symmetry"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/symmetry-logo-sq.png?2c65edf82f527115" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Symmetry <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/life"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/life-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Life <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/pharmaceuticals"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/pharmaceuticals-logo-sq.png?746b14512b967404" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Pharmaceuticals <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/biomolecules"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/biomolecules-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Biomolecules <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/ijerph"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/ijerph-logo-sq.png?f4a7c3c190986910" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> IJERPH </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/antioxidants"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/antioxidants-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Antioxidants <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">6.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/coatings"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/coatings-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Coatings <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.9</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/religions"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/religions-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Religions <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">0.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/behavsci"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/behavsci-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Behavioral Sciences <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/genes"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/genes-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Genes <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/children"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/children-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Children <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/atmosphere"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/atmosphere-logo-sq.png?88fe2866c16662af" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Atmosphere <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/metals"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/metals-logo-sq.png?e13532d60707dc57" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Metals <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.6</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/education"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/education-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Education Sciences <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/vaccines"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/vaccines-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Vaccines <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">5.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/pharmaceutics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/pharmaceutics-logo-sq.png?12ec7dfd193b82bf" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Pharmaceutics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.9</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/horticulturae"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/horticulturae-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Horticulturae <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/micromachines"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/micromachines-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Micromachines <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/minerals"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/minerals-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Minerals <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/brainsci"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/brainsci-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Brain Sciences <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/bioengineering"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/bioengineering-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Bioengineering <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/biology"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/biology-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Biology <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.6</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/antibiotics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/antibiotics-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Antibiotics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/entropy"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/entropy-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Entropy <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/pathogens"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/pathogens-logo-sq.png?5e90221cc618abf2" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Pathogens <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/photonics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/photonics-logo-sq.png?8f2b3fc8179503ee" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Photonics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.1</span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="generic-item last-item no-border"> <a class="bold" href="/about/journals">Explore All Journals...</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container extending-content" data-url="/ajax_subject_most_accessed_articles" data-min-shown-items="1"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link"> <h2>Highly Accessed Articles</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"></div> </div> <div class="content__container extending-content" data-url="/ajax_latest_books"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link"> <h2 class="show-for-small-only">Latest Books</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/books_logo_new.svg?76e680e5363e99ba?1732286508"> <div class="generic-item last-item"> <a class="bold" href="https://www.mdpi.com/books">More Books and Reprints...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="right-column" class="content__column large-25 medium-3 small-12 columns" data-equalizer-watch> <div class="content__container top-border"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link"> <h2>News</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="generic-item news-item no-border"> <span class="text-information">19 November 2024</span> <br/> <a class="title-link" href="/about/announcements/9797"> <em>NeuroSci</em> Accepted into PMC and PubMed </a> </div> <div class="generic-item news-item "> <span class="text-information">15 November 2024</span> <br/> <a class="title-link" href="/about/announcements/9772"> Prof. Dr. A. 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