The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="https://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta content="mdpi" name="sso-service" /> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport" /> <title>The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/font-awesome.min.css?eb190a3a77e5e1ee?1732286508"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/jquery.multiselect.css?f56c135cbf4d1483?1732286508"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/chosen.min.css?d7ca5ca9441ef9e1?1732286508"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/main2.css?69b39374e6b554b7?1732286508"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/mask-icon-128.svg?c1c7eca266cd7013?1732286508" color="#4f5671"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png?1732286508"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png?1732286508"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png?1732286508"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png?1732286508"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png?1732286508"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png?1732286508"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png?1732286508"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1732286508"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1732286508"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1732286508"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="application-name" content=" "/> <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/sustainability-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/sustainability-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/sustainability-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/jquery-ui-1.10.4.custom.min.css?80647d88647bf347?1732286508"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/magnific-popup.min.css?04d343e036f8eecd?1732286508"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/xml2html/article-html.css?230b005b39af4260?1732286508"> <style> h2, #abstract .related_suggestion_title { } .batch_articles a { color: #000; } a, .batch_articles .authors a, a:focus, a:hover, a:active, .batch_articles a:focus, .batch_articles a:hover, li.side-menu-li a { } span.label a { color: #fff; } #main-content a.title-link:hover, #main-content a.title-link:focus, #main-content div.generic-item a.title-link:hover, #main-content div.generic-item a.title-link:focus { } #main-content #middle-column .generic-item.article-item a.title-link:hover, #main-content #middle-column .generic-item.article-item a.title-link:focus { } .art-authors a.toEncode { color: #333; font-weight: 700; } #main-content #middle-column ul li::before { } .accordion-navigation.active a.accordion__title, .accordion-navigation.active a.accordion__title::after { } .accordion-navigation li:hover::before, .accordion-navigation li:hover a, .accordion-navigation li:focus a { } .relative-size-container .relative-size-image .relative-size { } .middle-column__help__fixed a:hover i, } input[type="checkbox"]:checked:after { } input[type="checkbox"]:not(:disabled):hover:before { } #main-content .bolded-text { } #main-content .hypothesis-count-container { } #main-content .hypothesis-count-container:before { } .full-size-menu ul li.menu-item .dropdown-wrapper { } .full-size-menu ul li.menu-item > a.open::after { } #title-story .title-story-orbit .orbit-caption { #background: url('/img/design/000000_background.png') !important; background: url('/img/design/ffffff_background.png') !important; color: rgb(51, 51, 51) !important; } #main-content .content__container__orbit { background-color: #000 !important; } #main-content .content__container__journal { color: #fff; } .html-article-menu .row span { } .html-article-menu .row span.active { } .accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li.active::before, .accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li.active a { color: rgba(0,102,153,0.75) !important; font-weight: 700; } .accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li:hover::before , .accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li:hover a { color: rgba(0,102,153,0.75) !important; } .side-menu-ul li.active a, .side-menu-ul li.active, .side-menu-ul li.active::before { color: rgba(0,102,153,0.75) !important; } .side-menu-ul li.active a { } .result-selected, .active-result.highlighted, .active-result:hover, .result-selected, .active-result.highlighted, .active-result:focus { } .search-container.search-container__default-scheme { } nav.tab-bar .open-small-search.active:after { } .search-container.search-container__default-scheme .custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link::after { color: #fff; } @media only screen and (max-width: 50em) { #main-content .content__container.journal-info { color: #fff; } #main-content .content__container.journal-info a { color: #fff; } } .button.button--color { } .button.button--color:hover, .button.button--color:focus { } .button.button--color-journal { position: relative; background-color: rgba(0,102,153,0.75); border-color: #fff; color: #fff !important; } .button.button--color-journal:hover::before { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; height: 100%; width: 100%; background-color: #ffffff; opacity: 0.2; } .button.button--color-journal:visited, .button.button--color-journal:hover, .button.button--color-journal:focus { background-color: rgba(0,102,153,0.75); border-color: #fff; color: #fff !important; } .button.button--color path { } .button.button--color:hover path { fill: #fff; } #main-content #search-refinements .ui-slider-horizontal .ui-slider-range { } .breadcrumb__element:last-of-type a { } #main-header { } #full-size-menu .top-bar, #full-size-menu li.menu-item span.user-email { } .top-bar-section li:not(.has-form) a:not(.button) { } #full-size-menu li.menu-item .dropdown-wrapper li a:hover { } #full-size-menu li.menu-item a:hover, #full-size-menu li.menu.item a:focus, nav.tab-bar a:hover { } #full-size-menu li.menu.item a:active, #full-size-menu li.menu.item a.active { } #full-size-menu li.menu-item a.open-mega-menu.active, #full-size-menu li.menu-item div.mega-menu, a.open-mega-menu.active { } #full-size-menu li.menu-item div.mega-menu li, #full-size-menu li.menu-item div.mega-menu a { border-color: #9a9a9a; } div.type-section h2 { font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: 300; } div.type-section h3 { margin-left: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-weight: 300; } .journal-tabs .tab-title.active a { } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/slick.css?f38b2db10e01b157?1732286508"> <meta name="title" content="The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico"> <meta name="description" content="The juniper (Taxodium mucronatum Ten. of the Cupressaceae family) is a long-lived species that forms gallery forests. Dozens of dead junipers > 100 years old have been identified in the San Pedro Mezquital watershed in Durango, Mexico. This work determines the causes of death of these specimens. The work was carried out in the field and in the laboratory, where in the former the surface of the damaged trees was identified, together with the changes observed in the watercourses. In the latter, sabino seedlings were transported to the work center and exposed for 7 days in containers with gravel to five types of wastewater generated in the region. With the above, the conditions experienced by the adult trees in the field were studied, as well as the sensitivity of the young specimens to the types of water quality, and the differences were validated with ANOVA tests. Five sites with dead junipers were found, ranging in size from 0.5 to 4 ha, with ages between 200 and 400 years. It was found that during the dry season, water is diverted to irrigated areas, leaving some areas without water for several months. The shoots survived in most of the water qualities, except the one with high salinity (3.34 mS/cm). It is concluded that the lack of water in the rivers had a stronger influence than the water quality and is the probable cause of the death of the sabino." > <link rel="image_src" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/sustainability-logo.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" > <meta name="dc.title" content="The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Maria Elena Perez-Lopez"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Alejandro Leal-Saenz"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Maria Elena Ortiz-Olivas"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Fermin Ramirez-Crescencio"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Ariana Elizabeth Arreola-Ortiz"> <meta name="dc.type" content="Article"> <meta name="dc.source" content="Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, Page 10248"> <meta name="dc.date" content="2024-11-23"> <meta name ="dc.identifier" content="10.3390/su162310248"> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"> <meta name="dc.rights" content="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"> <meta name="dc.format" content="application/pdf" > <meta name="dc.language" content="en" > <meta name="dc.description" content="The juniper (Taxodium mucronatum Ten. of the Cupressaceae family) is a long-lived species that forms gallery forests. Dozens of dead junipers > 100 years old have been identified in the San Pedro Mezquital watershed in Durango, Mexico. This work determines the causes of death of these specimens. The work was carried out in the field and in the laboratory, where in the former the surface of the damaged trees was identified, together with the changes observed in the watercourses. In the latter, sabino seedlings were transported to the work center and exposed for 7 days in containers with gravel to five types of wastewater generated in the region. With the above, the conditions experienced by the adult trees in the field were studied, as well as the sensitivity of the young specimens to the types of water quality, and the differences were validated with ANOVA tests. Five sites with dead junipers were found, ranging in size from 0.5 to 4 ha, with ages between 200 and 400 years. It was found that during the dry season, water is diverted to irrigated areas, leaving some areas without water for several months. The shoots survived in most of the water qualities, except the one with high salinity (3.34 mS/cm). It is concluded that the lack of water in the rivers had a stronger influence than the water quality and is the probable cause of the death of the sabino." > <meta name="dc.subject" content="wastewater" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="gallery forest" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="water quality" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="water quantity" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="seedling survival" > <meta name ="prism.issn" content="2071-1050"> <meta name ="prism.publicationName" content="Sustainability"> <meta name ="prism.publicationDate" content="2024-11-23"> <meta name ="prism.volume" content="16"> <meta name ="prism.number" content="23"> <meta name ="prism.section" content="Article" > <meta name ="prism.startingPage" content="10248" > <meta name="citation_issn" content="2071-1050"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Sustainability"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"> <meta name="citation_title" content="The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/1"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/11/23"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="16"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="23"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="10248"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Perez-Lopez, Maria Elena"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Leal-Saenz, Alejandro"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ortiz-Olivas, Maria Elena"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ramirez-Crescencio, Fermin"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Arreola-Ortiz, Ariana Elizabeth"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3390/su162310248"> <meta name="citation_id" content="mdpi-su162310248"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/pdf?version=1732334980"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" title="PDF Full-Text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/pdf?version=1732334980"> <meta name="fulltext_pdf" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/pdf?version=1732334980"> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/htm"> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="HTML Full-Text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/htm"> <meta name="fulltext_html" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/htm"> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml" title="XML Full-Text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/xml"> <meta name="fulltext_xml" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/xml"> <meta name="citation_xml_url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/xml"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@MDPIOpenAccess" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/sustainability-logo-social.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="131189377574"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="MDPI"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The juniper (Taxodium mucronatum Ten. of the Cupressaceae family) is a long-lived species that forms gallery forests. Dozens of dead junipers > 100 years old have been identified in the San Pedro Mezquital watershed in Durango, Mexico. This work determines the causes of death of these specimens. The work was carried out in the field and in the laboratory, where in the former the surface of the damaged trees was identified, together with the changes observed in the watercourses. In the latter, sabino seedlings were transported to the work center and exposed for 7 days in containers with gravel to five types of wastewater generated in the region. With the above, the conditions experienced by the adult trees in the field were studied, as well as the sensitivity of the young specimens to the types of water quality, and the differences were validated with ANOVA tests. Five sites with dead junipers were found, ranging in size from 0.5 to 4 ha, with ages between 200 and 400 years. It was found that during the dry season, water is diverted to irrigated areas, leaving some areas without water for several months. The shoots survived in most of the water qualities, except the one with high salinity (3.34 mS/cm). It is concluded that the lack of water in the rivers had a stronger influence than the water quality and is the probable cause of the death of the sabino." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g001-550.jpg?1732335139" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MDPI Publishing - Latest articles" href="https://www.mdpi.com/rss"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="PxTlsg7z2S00aHroktQd57fxygEjMiNHydKn3txhvwY"> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="mcoq8dtq6sb2hf7z29j8w515jjoof7" /> <script id="Cookiebot" data-cfasync="false" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="51491ddd-fe7a-4425-ab39-69c78c55829f" type="text/javascript" async></script>  <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WPK7SW5'); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics"> _linkedin_partner_id = "2846186"; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids = window._linkedin_data_partner_ids || []; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; var b = document.createElement("script"); b.type = "text/javascript";b.async = true; b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"; s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})(); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics" data-cfasync="false" src="//script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0116/4951.js" async="async" ></script> </head> <body> <div class="direction direction_right" id="small_right" style="border-right-width: 0px; padding:0;"> <i class="fa fa-caret-right fa-2x"></i> </div> <div class="big_direction direction_right" id="big_right" style="border-right-width: 0px;"> <div style="text-align: right;"> Next Article in Journal<br> <div><a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10249">Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and Its Microbiological Composition in a Fattening Pig House</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="direction" id="small_left" style="border-left-width: 0px"> <i class="fa fa-caret-left fa-2x"></i> </div> <div class="big_direction" id="big_left" style="border-left-width: 0px;"> <div> Previous Article in Journal<br> <div><a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10247">Determinants of Climate-Smart Agriculture Adoption Among Rice Farmers: Enhancing Sustainability</a></div> </div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div id="menuModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-menu" aria-hidden="true" data-reveal role="dialog"> <div class="menu-container"> <div class="UI_NavMenu"> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>Journals</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; float: left;"> <a href="/about/journals">Active Journals</a> <a href="/about/journalfinder">Find a Journal</a> <a href="/about/journals/proposal">Journal Proposal</a> <a href="/about/proceedings">Proceedings Series</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/topics"> <h2>Topics</h2> </a> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>Information</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 200px; float: left;"> <a href="/authors">For Authors</a> <a href="/reviewers">For Reviewers</a> <a href="/editors">For Editors</a> <a href="/librarians">For Librarians</a> <a href="/publishing_services">For Publishers</a> <a href="/societies">For Societies</a> <a href="/conference_organizers">For Conference Organizers</a> </div> <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 250px; float: left;"> <a href="/openaccess">Open Access Policy</a> <a href="/ioap">Institutional Open Access Program</a> <a href="/special_issues_guidelines">Special Issues Guidelines</a> <a href="/editorial_process">Editorial Process</a> <a href="/ethics">Research and Publication Ethics</a> <a href="/apc">Article Processing Charges</a> <a href="/awards">Awards</a> <a href="/testimonials">Testimonials</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/authors/english"> <h2>Editing Services</h2> </a> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>Initiatives</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; float: left;"> <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sciforum</a> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MDPI Books</a> <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Preprints.org</a> <a href="https://www.scilit.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Scilit</a> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SciProfiles</a> <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Encyclopedia</a> <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JAMS</a> <a href="/about/proceedings">Proceedings Series</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>About</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; float: left;"> <a href="/about">Overview</a> <a href="/about/contact">Contact</a> <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Careers</a> <a href="/about/announcements">News</a> <a href="/about/press">Press</a> <a href="http://blog.mdpi.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Blog</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-container__buttons"> <a class="button UA_SignInUpButton" href="/user/login">Sign In / Sign Up</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="captchaModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-new--small" data-reveal aria-label="Captcha" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"></div> <div id="actionDisabledModal" class="reveal-modal" data-reveal aria-labelledby="actionDisableModalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog" style="width: 300px;"> <h2 id="actionDisableModalTitle">Notice</h2> <form action="/email/captcha" method="post" id="emailCaptchaForm"> <div class="row"> <div id="js-action-disabled-modal-text" class="small-12 columns"> </div> <div id="js-action-disabled-modal-submit" class="small-12 columns" style="margin-top: 10px; display: none;"> You can make submissions to other journals <a href="https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload">here</a>. </div> </div> </form> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div id="rssNotificationModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="rssNotificationModalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 id="rssNotificationModalTitle">Notice</h2> <p> You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. </p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <a class="button button--color js-rss-notification-confirm">Continue</a> <a class="button button--grey" onclick="$(this).closest('.reveal-modal').find('.close-reveal-modal').click(); return false;">Cancel</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-openaccess" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess">https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess</a>. </p> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-feature" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. </p> <p> Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers. </p> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-choice" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. <div style="margin-top: -10px;"> <div id="drop-article-label-choice-journal-link" style="display: none; margin-top: -10px; padding-top: 10px;"> </div> </div> </p> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-resubmission" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> Original Submission Date Received: <span id="drop-article-label-resubmission-date"></span>. </p> </div> <div id="container"> <noscript> <div id="no-javascript"> You seem to have javascript disabled. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. </div> </noscript> <div class="fixed"> <nav class="tab-bar show-for-medium-down"> <div class="row full-width collapse"> <div class="medium-3 small-4 columns"> <a href="/"> <img class="full-size-menu__mdpi-logo" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-black-small1.svg?da3a8dcae975a41c?1732286508" style="width: 64px;" title="MDPI Open Access Journals"> </a> </div> <div class="medium-3 small-4 columns right-aligned"> <div class="show-for-medium-down"> <a href="#" style="display: none;"> <i class="material-icons" onclick="$('#menuModal').foundation('reveal', 'close'); return false;">clear</i> </a> <a class="js-toggle-desktop-layout-link" title="Toggle desktop layout" style="display: none;" href="/toggle_desktop_layout_cookie"> <i class="material-icons">zoom_out_map</i> </a> <a href="#" class="js-open-small-search open-small-search"> <i class="material-icons show-for-small only">search</i> </a> <a title="MDPI main page" class="js-open-menu" data-reveal-id="menuModal" href="#"> <i class="material-icons">menu</i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <section class="main-section"> <header> <div class="full-size-menu show-for-large-up"> <div class="row full-width"> <div class="large-1 columns"> <a href="/"> <img class="full-size-menu__mdpi-logo" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-black-small1.svg?da3a8dcae975a41c?1732286508" title="MDPI Open Access Journals"> </a> </div> <div class="large-8 columns text-right UI_NavMenu"> <ul> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about/journals" data-dropdown="journals-dropdown" aria-controls="journals-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">Journals</a> <ul id="journals-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about/journals"> Active Journals </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/journalfinder"> Find a Journal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/journals/proposal"> Journal Proposal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/proceedings"> Proceedings Series </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/topics">Topics</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/authors" data-dropdown="information-dropdown" aria-controls="information-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover:true; hover_timeout:200">Information</a> <ul id="information-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-5 columns right-border"> <ul> <li> <a href="/authors">For Authors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/reviewers">For Reviewers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editors">For Editors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/librarians">For Librarians</a> </li> <li> <a href="/publishing_services">For Publishers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/societies">For Societies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conference_organizers">For Conference Organizers</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="small-7 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="/openaccess">Open Access Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ioap">Institutional Open Access Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="/special_issues_guidelines">Special Issues Guidelines</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editorial_process">Editorial Process</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ethics">Research and Publication Ethics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/apc">Article Processing Charges</a> </li> <li> <a href="/awards">Awards</a> </li> <li> <a href="/testimonials">Testimonials</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/authors/english">Editing Services</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about/initiatives" data-dropdown="initiatives-dropdown" aria-controls="initiatives-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">Initiatives</a> <ul id="initiatives-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Sciforum </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> MDPI Books </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Preprints.org </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.scilit.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Scilit </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> SciProfiles </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Encyclopedia </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> JAMS </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/proceedings"> Proceedings Series </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about" data-dropdown="about-dropdown" aria-controls="about-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">About</a> <ul id="about-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about"> Overview </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/contact"> Contact </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Careers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/announcements"> News </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/press"> Press </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://blog.mdpi.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Blog </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="large-3 columns text-right full-size-menu__buttons"> <div> <a class="button button--default-inversed UA_SignInUpButton" href="/user/login">Sign In / Sign Up</a> <a class="button button--default js-journal-active-only-link js-journal-active-only-submit-link UC_NavSubmitButton" href=" https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload?journal=sustainability " data-disabledmessage="new submissions are not possible.">Submit</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-divider"> </div> <div class="search-container hide-for-small-down row search-container__homepage-scheme"> <form id="basic_search" style="background-color: inherit !important;" class="large-12 medium-12 columns " action="/search" method="get"> <div class="row search-container__main-elements"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-12 columns text-right1 small-only-text-left"> <div class="show-for-medium-up"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> </div> <span class="search-container__title">Search<span class="hide-for-medium"> for Articles</span><span class="hide-for-small">:</span></span> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Title / Keyword</div> </div> <input type="text" placeholder="Title / Keyword" id="q" tabindex="1" name="q" value="" /> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Author / Affiliation / Email</div> </div> <input type="text" id="authors" placeholder="Author / Affiliation / Email" tabindex="2" name="authors" value="" /> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Journal</div> </div> <select id="journal" tabindex="3" name="journal" class="chosen-select"> <option value="">All Journals</option> <option value="acoustics" > Acoustics </option> <option value="amh" > Acta Microbiologica Hellenica (AMH) </option> <option value="actuators" > Actuators </option> <option value="admsci" > Administrative Sciences </option> <option value="adolescents" > Adolescents </option> <option value="arm" > Advances in Respiratory Medicine (ARM) </option> <option value="aerobiology" > Aerobiology </option> <option value="aerospace" > Aerospace </option> <option value="agriculture" > Agriculture </option> <option value="agriengineering" > AgriEngineering </option> <option value="agrochemicals" > Agrochemicals </option> <option value="agronomy" > Agronomy </option> <option value="ai" > AI </option> <option value="air" > Air </option> <option value="algorithms" > Algorithms </option> <option value="allergies" > Allergies </option> <option value="alloys" > Alloys </option> <option value="analytica" > Analytica </option> <option value="analytics" > Analytics </option> <option value="anatomia" > Anatomia </option> <option value="anesthres" > Anesthesia Research </option> <option value="animals" > Animals </option> <option value="antibiotics" > Antibiotics </option> <option value="antibodies" > Antibodies </option> <option value="antioxidants" > Antioxidants </option> <option value="applbiosci" > Applied Biosciences </option> <option value="applmech" > Applied Mechanics </option> <option value="applmicrobiol" > Applied Microbiology </option> <option value="applnano" > Applied Nano </option> <option value="applsci" > Applied Sciences </option> <option value="asi" > Applied System Innovation (ASI) </option> <option value="appliedchem" > AppliedChem </option> <option value="appliedmath" > AppliedMath </option> <option value="aquacj" > Aquaculture Journal </option> <option value="architecture" > Architecture </option> <option value="arthropoda" > Arthropoda </option> <option value="arts" > Arts </option> <option value="astronomy" > Astronomy </option> <option value="atmosphere" > Atmosphere </option> <option value="atoms" > Atoms </option> <option value="audiolres" > Audiology Research </option> <option value="automation" > Automation </option> <option value="axioms" > Axioms </option> <option value="bacteria" > Bacteria </option> <option value="batteries" > Batteries </option> <option value="behavsci" > Behavioral Sciences </option> <option value="beverages" > Beverages </option> <option value="BDCC" > Big Data and Cognitive Computing (BDCC) </option> <option value="biochem" > BioChem </option> <option value="bioengineering" > Bioengineering </option> <option value="biologics" > Biologics </option> <option value="biology" > Biology </option> <option value="blsf" > Biology and Life Sciences Forum </option> <option value="biomass" > Biomass </option> <option value="biomechanics" > Biomechanics </option> <option value="biomed" > BioMed </option> <option value="biomedicines" > Biomedicines </option> <option value="biomedinformatics" > BioMedInformatics </option> <option value="biomimetics" > Biomimetics </option> <option value="biomolecules" > Biomolecules </option> <option value="biophysica" > Biophysica </option> <option value="biosensors" > Biosensors </option> <option value="biotech" > BioTech </option> <option value="birds" > Birds </option> <option value="blockchains" > Blockchains </option> <option value="brainsci" > Brain Sciences </option> <option value="buildings" > Buildings </option> <option value="businesses" > Businesses </option> <option value="carbon" > C </option> <option value="cancers" > Cancers </option> <option value="cardiogenetics" > Cardiogenetics </option> <option value="catalysts" > Catalysts </option> <option value="cells" > Cells </option> <option value="ceramics" > Ceramics </option> <option value="challenges" > Challenges </option> <option value="ChemEngineering" > ChemEngineering </option> <option value="chemistry" > Chemistry </option> <option value="chemproc" > Chemistry Proceedings </option> <option value="chemosensors" > Chemosensors </option> <option value="children" > Children </option> <option value="chips" > Chips </option> <option value="civileng" > CivilEng </option> <option value="cleantechnol" > Clean Technologies (Clean Technol.) </option> <option value="climate" > Climate </option> <option value="ctn" > Clinical and Translational Neuroscience (CTN) </option> <option value="clinbioenerg" > Clinical Bioenergetics </option> <option value="clinpract" > Clinics and Practice </option> <option value="clockssleep" > Clocks & Sleep </option> <option value="coasts" > Coasts </option> <option value="coatings" > Coatings </option> <option value="colloids" > Colloids and Interfaces </option> <option value="colorants" > Colorants </option> <option value="commodities" > Commodities </option> <option value="complications" > Complications </option> <option value="compounds" > Compounds </option> <option value="computation" > Computation </option> <option value="csmf" > Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum </option> <option value="computers" > Computers </option> <option value="condensedmatter" > Condensed Matter </option> <option value="conservation" > Conservation </option> <option value="constrmater" > Construction Materials </option> <option value="cmd" > Corrosion and Materials Degradation (CMD) </option> <option value="cosmetics" > Cosmetics </option> <option value="covid" > COVID </option> <option value="crops" > Crops </option> <option value="cryo" > Cryo </option> <option value="cryptography" > Cryptography </option> <option value="crystals" > Crystals </option> <option value="cimb" > Current Issues in Molecular Biology (CIMB) </option> <option value="curroncol" > Current Oncology </option> <option value="dairy" > Dairy </option> <option value="data" > Data </option> <option value="dentistry" > Dentistry Journal </option> <option value="dermato" > Dermato </option> <option value="dermatopathology" > Dermatopathology </option> <option value="designs" > Designs </option> <option value="diabetology" > Diabetology </option> <option value="diagnostics" > Diagnostics </option> <option value="dietetics" > Dietetics </option> <option value="digital" > Digital </option> <option value="disabilities" > Disabilities </option> <option value="diseases" > Diseases </option> <option value="diversity" > Diversity </option> <option value="dna" > DNA </option> <option value="drones" > Drones </option> <option value="ddc" > Drugs and Drug Candidates (DDC) </option> <option value="dynamics" > Dynamics </option> <option value="earth" > Earth </option> <option value="ecologies" > Ecologies </option> <option value="econometrics" > Econometrics </option> <option value="economies" > Economies </option> <option value="education" > Education Sciences </option> <option value="electricity" > Electricity </option> <option value="electrochem" > Electrochem </option> <option value="electronicmat" > Electronic Materials </option> <option value="electronics" > Electronics </option> <option value="ecm" > Emergency Care and Medicine </option> <option value="encyclopedia" > Encyclopedia </option> <option value="endocrines" > Endocrines </option> <option value="energies" > Energies </option> <option value="esa" > Energy Storage and Applications (ESA) </option> <option value="eng" > Eng </option> <option value="engproc" > Engineering Proceedings </option> <option value="entropy" > Entropy </option> <option value="environsciproc" > Environmental Sciences Proceedings </option> <option value="environments" > Environments </option> <option value="epidemiologia" > Epidemiologia </option> <option value="epigenomes" > Epigenomes </option> <option value="ebj" > European Burn Journal (EBJ) </option> <option value="ejihpe" > European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE) </option> <option value="fermentation" > Fermentation </option> <option value="fibers" > Fibers </option> <option value="fintech" > FinTech </option> <option value="fire" > Fire </option> <option value="fishes" > Fishes </option> <option value="fluids" > Fluids </option> <option value="foods" > Foods </option> <option value="forecasting" > Forecasting </option> <option value="forensicsci" > Forensic Sciences </option> <option value="forests" > Forests </option> <option value="fossstud" > Fossil Studies </option> <option value="foundations" > Foundations </option> <option value="fractalfract" > Fractal and Fractional (Fractal Fract) </option> <option value="fuels" > Fuels </option> <option value="future" > Future </option> <option value="futureinternet" > Future Internet </option> <option value="futurepharmacol" > Future Pharmacology </option> <option value="futuretransp" > Future Transportation </option> <option value="galaxies" > Galaxies </option> <option value="games" > Games </option> <option value="gases" > Gases </option> <option value="gastroent" > Gastroenterology Insights </option> <option value="gastrointestdisord" > Gastrointestinal Disorders </option> <option value="gastronomy" > Gastronomy </option> <option value="gels" > Gels </option> <option value="genealogy" > Genealogy </option> <option value="genes" > Genes </option> <option value="geographies" > Geographies </option> <option value="geohazards" > GeoHazards </option> <option value="geomatics" > Geomatics </option> <option value="geometry" > Geometry </option> <option value="geosciences" > Geosciences </option> <option value="geotechnics" > Geotechnics </option> <option value="geriatrics" > Geriatrics </option> <option value="glacies" > Glacies </option> <option value="gucdd" > Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD) </option> <option value="grasses" > Grasses </option> <option value="hardware" > Hardware </option> <option value="healthcare" > Healthcare </option> <option value="hearts" > Hearts </option> <option value="hemato" > Hemato </option> <option value="hematolrep" > Hematology Reports </option> <option value="heritage" > Heritage </option> <option value="histories" > Histories </option> <option value="horticulturae" > Horticulturae </option> <option value="hospitals" > Hospitals </option> <option value="humanities" > Humanities </option> <option value="humans" > Humans </option> <option value="hydrobiology" > Hydrobiology </option> <option value="hydrogen" > Hydrogen </option> <option value="hydrology" > Hydrology </option> <option value="hygiene" > Hygiene </option> <option value="immuno" > Immuno </option> <option value="idr" > Infectious Disease Reports </option> <option value="informatics" > Informatics </option> <option value="information" > Information </option> <option value="infrastructures" > Infrastructures </option> <option value="inorganics" > Inorganics </option> <option value="insects" > Insects </option> <option value="instruments" > Instruments </option> <option value="iic" > Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction </option> <option value="ijerph" > International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) </option> <option value="ijfs" > International Journal of Financial Studies (IJFS) </option> <option value="ijms" > International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) </option> <option value="IJNS" > International Journal of Neonatal Screening (IJNS) </option> <option value="ijpb" > International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB) </option> <option value="ijt" > International Journal of Topology </option> <option value="ijtm" > International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM) </option> <option value="ijtpp" > International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP) </option> <option value="ime" > International Medical Education (IME) </option> <option value="inventions" > Inventions </option> <option value="IoT" > IoT </option> <option value="ijgi" > ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) </option> <option value="J" > J </option> <option value="jal" > Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL) </option> <option value="jcdd" > Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD) </option> <option value="jcto" > Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO) </option> <option value="jcm" > Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) </option> <option value="jcs" > Journal of Composites Science (J. Compos. Sci.) </option> <option value="jcp" > Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy (JCP) </option> <option value="jdad" > Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (JDAD) </option> <option value="jdb" > Journal of Developmental Biology (JDB) </option> <option value="jeta" > Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA) </option> <option value="jfb" > Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB) </option> <option value="jfmk" > Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK) </option> <option value="jof" > Journal of Fungi (JoF) </option> <option value="jimaging" > Journal of Imaging (J. Imaging) </option> <option value="jintelligence" > Journal of Intelligence (J. Intell.) </option> <option value="jlpea" > Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA) </option> <option value="jmmp" > Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP) </option> <option value="jmse" > Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE) </option> <option value="jmahp" > Journal of Market Access & Health Policy (JMAHP) </option> <option value="jmp" > Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP) </option> <option value="jnt" > Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT) </option> <option value="jne" > Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE) </option> <option value="ohbm" > Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM) </option> <option value="jop" > Journal of Parks </option> <option value="jpm" > Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM) </option> <option value="jpbi" > Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI) </option> <option value="jor" > Journal of Respiration (JoR) </option> <option value="jrfm" > Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM) </option> <option value="jsan" > Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN) </option> <option value="joma" > Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA) </option> <option value="jtaer" > Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER) </option> <option value="jvd" > Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD) </option> <option value="jox" > Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX) </option> <option value="jzbg" > Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG) </option> <option value="journalmedia" > Journalism and Media </option> <option value="kidneydial" > Kidney and Dialysis </option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases" > Kinases and Phosphatases </option> <option value="knowledge" > Knowledge </option> <option value="labmed" > LabMed </option> <option value="laboratories" > Laboratories </option> <option value="land" > Land </option> <option value="languages" > Languages </option> <option value="laws" > Laws </option> <option value="life" > Life </option> <option value="limnolrev" > Limnological Review </option> <option value="lipidology" > Lipidology </option> <option value="liquids" > Liquids </option> <option value="literature" > Literature </option> <option value="livers" > Livers </option> <option value="logics" > Logics </option> <option value="logistics" > Logistics </option> <option value="lubricants" > Lubricants </option> <option value="lymphatics" > Lymphatics </option> <option value="make" > Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (MAKE) </option> <option value="machines" > Machines </option> <option value="macromol" > Macromol </option> <option value="magnetism" > Magnetism </option> <option value="magnetochemistry" > Magnetochemistry </option> <option value="marinedrugs" > Marine Drugs </option> <option value="materials" > Materials </option> <option value="materproc" > Materials Proceedings </option> <option value="mca" > Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA) </option> <option value="mathematics" > Mathematics </option> <option value="medsci" > Medical Sciences </option> <option value="msf" > Medical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="medicina" > Medicina </option> <option value="medicines" > Medicines </option> <option value="membranes" > Membranes </option> <option value="merits" > Merits </option> <option value="metabolites" > Metabolites </option> <option value="metals" > Metals </option> <option value="meteorology" > Meteorology </option> <option value="methane" > Methane </option> <option value="mps" > Methods and Protocols (MPs) </option> <option value="metrics" > Metrics </option> <option value="metrology" > Metrology </option> <option value="micro" > Micro </option> <option value="microbiolres" > Microbiology Research </option> <option value="micromachines" > Micromachines </option> <option value="microorganisms" > Microorganisms </option> <option value="microplastics" > Microplastics </option> <option value="minerals" > Minerals </option> <option value="mining" > Mining </option> <option value="modelling" > Modelling </option> <option value="mmphys" > Modern Mathematical Physics </option> <option value="molbank" > Molbank </option> <option value="molecules" > Molecules </option> <option value="mti" > Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI) </option> <option value="muscles" > Muscles </option> <option value="nanoenergyadv" > Nanoenergy Advances </option> <option value="nanomanufacturing" > Nanomanufacturing </option> <option value="nanomaterials" > Nanomaterials </option> <option value="ndt" > NDT </option> <option value="network" > Network </option> <option value="neuroglia" > Neuroglia </option> <option value="neurolint" > Neurology International </option> <option value="neurosci" > NeuroSci </option> <option value="nitrogen" > Nitrogen </option> <option value="ncrna" > Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA) </option> <option value="nursrep" > Nursing Reports </option> <option value="nutraceuticals" > Nutraceuticals </option> <option value="nutrients" > Nutrients </option> <option value="obesities" > Obesities </option> <option value="oceans" > Oceans </option> <option value="onco" > Onco </option> <option value="optics" > Optics </option> <option value="oral" > Oral </option> <option value="organics" > Organics </option> <option value="organoids" > Organoids </option> <option value="osteology" > Osteology </option> <option value="oxygen" > Oxygen </option> <option value="parasitologia" > Parasitologia </option> <option value="particles" > Particles </option> <option value="pathogens" > Pathogens </option> <option value="pathophysiology" > Pathophysiology </option> <option value="pediatrrep" > Pediatric Reports </option> <option value="pets" > Pets </option> <option value="pharmaceuticals" > Pharmaceuticals </option> <option value="pharmaceutics" > Pharmaceutics </option> <option value="pharmacoepidemiology" > Pharmacoepidemiology </option> <option value="pharmacy" > Pharmacy </option> <option value="philosophies" > Philosophies </option> <option value="photochem" > Photochem </option> <option value="photonics" > Photonics </option> <option value="phycology" > Phycology </option> <option value="physchem" > Physchem </option> <option value="psf" > Physical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="physics" > Physics </option> <option value="physiologia" > Physiologia </option> <option value="plants" > Plants </option> <option value="plasma" > Plasma </option> <option value="platforms" > Platforms </option> <option value="pollutants" > Pollutants </option> <option value="polymers" > Polymers </option> <option value="polysaccharides" > Polysaccharides </option> <option value="populations" > Populations </option> <option value="poultry" > Poultry </option> <option value="powders" > Powders </option> <option value="proceedings" > Proceedings </option> <option value="processes" > Processes </option> <option value="prosthesis" > Prosthesis </option> <option value="proteomes" > Proteomes </option> <option value="psychiatryint" > Psychiatry International </option> <option value="psychoactives" > Psychoactives </option> <option value="psycholint" > Psychology International </option> <option value="publications" > Publications </option> <option value="qubs" > Quantum Beam Science (QuBS) </option> <option value="quantumrep" > Quantum Reports </option> <option value="quaternary" > Quaternary </option> <option value="radiation" > Radiation </option> <option value="reactions" > Reactions </option> <option value="realestate" > Real Estate </option> <option value="receptors" > Receptors </option> <option value="recycling" > Recycling </option> <option value="rsee" > Regional Science and Environmental Economics (RSEE) </option> <option value="religions" > Religions </option> <option value="remotesensing" > Remote Sensing </option> <option value="reports" > Reports </option> <option value="reprodmed" > Reproductive Medicine (Reprod. Med.) </option> <option value="resources" > Resources </option> <option value="rheumato" > Rheumato </option> <option value="risks" > Risks </option> <option value="robotics" > Robotics </option> <option value="ruminants" > Ruminants </option> <option value="safety" > Safety </option> <option value="sci" > Sci </option> <option value="scipharm" > Scientia Pharmaceutica (Sci. Pharm.) </option> <option value="sclerosis" > Sclerosis </option> <option value="seeds" > Seeds </option> <option value="sensors" > Sensors </option> <option value="separations" > Separations </option> <option value="sexes" > Sexes </option> <option value="signals" > Signals </option> <option value="sinusitis" > Sinusitis </option> <option value="smartcities" > Smart Cities </option> <option value="socsci" > Social Sciences </option> <option value="siuj" > Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal (SIUJ) </option> <option value="societies" > Societies </option> <option value="software" > Software </option> <option value="soilsystems" > Soil Systems </option> <option value="solar" > Solar </option> <option value="solids" > Solids </option> <option value="spectroscj" > Spectroscopy Journal </option> <option value="sports" > Sports </option> <option value="standards" > Standards </option> <option value="stats" > Stats </option> <option value="stresses" > Stresses </option> <option value="surfaces" > Surfaces </option> <option value="surgeries" > Surgeries </option> <option value="std" > Surgical Techniques Development </option> <option value="sustainability" selected='selected'> Sustainability </option> <option value="suschem" > Sustainable Chemistry </option> <option value="symmetry" > Symmetry </option> <option value="synbio" > SynBio </option> <option value="systems" > Systems </option> <option value="targets" > Targets </option> <option value="taxonomy" > Taxonomy </option> <option value="technologies" > Technologies </option> <option value="telecom" > Telecom </option> <option value="textiles" > Textiles </option> <option value="thalassrep" > Thalassemia Reports </option> <option value="therapeutics" > Therapeutics </option> <option value="thermo" > Thermo </option> <option value="timespace" > Time and Space </option> <option value="tomography" > Tomography </option> <option value="tourismhosp" > Tourism and Hospitality </option> <option value="toxics" > Toxics </option> <option value="toxins" > Toxins </option> <option value="transplantology" > Transplantology </option> <option value="traumacare" > Trauma Care </option> <option value="higheredu" > Trends in Higher Education </option> <option value="tropicalmed" > Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed) </option> <option value="universe" > Universe </option> <option value="urbansci" > Urban Science </option> <option value="uro" > Uro </option> <option value="vaccines" > Vaccines </option> <option value="vehicles" > Vehicles </option> <option value="venereology" > Venereology </option> <option value="vetsci" > Veterinary Sciences </option> <option value="vibration" > Vibration </option> <option value="virtualworlds" > Virtual Worlds </option> <option value="viruses" > Viruses </option> <option value="vision" > Vision </option> <option value="waste" > Waste </option> <option value="water" > Water </option> <option value="wild" > Wild </option> <option value="wind" > Wind </option> <option value="women" > Women </option> <option value="world" > World </option> <option value="wevj" > World Electric Vehicle Journal (WEVJ) </option> <option value="youth" > Youth </option> <option value="zoonoticdis" > Zoonotic Diseases </option> </select> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Article Type</div> </div> <select id="article_type" tabindex="4" name="article_type" class="chosen-select"> <option value="">All Article Types</option> <option value="research-article">Article</option> <option value="review-article">Review</option> <option value="rapid-communication">Communication</option> <option value="editorial">Editorial</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="book-review">Book Review</option> <option value="brief-communication">Brief Communication</option> <option value="brief-report">Brief Report</option> <option value="case-report">Case Report</option> <option value="clinicopathological-challenge">Clinicopathological Challenge</option> <option value="article-commentary">Comment</option> <option value="commentary">Commentary</option> <option value="concept-paper">Concept Paper</option> <option value="conference-report">Conference Report</option> <option value="correction">Correction</option> <option value="creative">Creative</option> <option value="data-descriptor">Data Descriptor</option> <option value="discussion">Discussion</option> <option value="Entry">Entry</option> <option value="essay">Essay</option> <option value="expression-of-concern">Expression of Concern</option> <option value="extended-abstract">Extended Abstract</option> <option value="field-guide">Field Guide</option> <option value="guidelines">Guidelines</option> <option value="hypothesis">Hypothesis</option> <option value="interesting-image">Interesting Images</option> <option value="letter">Letter</option> <option value="books-received">New Book Received</option> <option value="obituary">Obituary</option> <option value="opinion">Opinion</option> <option value="perspective">Perspective</option> <option value="proceedings">Proceeding Paper</option> <option value="project-report">Project Report</option> <option value="protocol">Protocol</option> <option value="registered-report">Registered Report</option> <option value="reply">Reply</option> <option value="retraction">Retraction</option> <option value="note">Short Note</option> <option value="study-protocol">Study Protocol</option> <option value="systematic_review">Systematic Review</option> <option value="technical-note">Technical Note</option> <option value="tutorial">Tutorial</option> <option value="viewpoint">Viewpoint</option> </select> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns small-push-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-collapsed-button-container"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <input type="submit" id="search" value="Search" class="button button--dark button--full-width searchButton1 US_SearchButton" tabindex="12"> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns large-text-left small-only-text-center small-pull-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-collapsed-link-container"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <a class="main-search-clear search-container__link" href="#" onclick="openAdvanced(''); return false;">Advanced<span class="show-for-small-only"> Search</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search-container__advanced" style="margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0px; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 columns show-for-medium-up"> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Section</div> </div> <select id="section" tabindex="5" name="section" class="chosen-select"> <option value=""></option> </select> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Special Issue</div> </div> <select id="special_issue" tabindex="6" name="special_issue" class="chosen-select"> <option value=""></option> </select> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Volume</div> <input type="text" id="volume" tabindex="7" name="volume" placeholder="..." value="16" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Issue</div> <input type="text" id="issue" tabindex="8" name="issue" placeholder="..." value="23" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Number</div> <input type="text" id="number" tabindex="9" name="number" placeholder="..." value="" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Page</div> <input type="text" id="page" tabindex="10" name="page" placeholder="..." value="" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 columns small-push-6 medium-reset order large-reset-order medium-reset-order js-search-expanded-button-container"></div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 columns large-text-left small-only-text-center small-pull-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-expanded-link-container"></div> </div> </div> </form> <form id="advanced-search" class="large-12 medium-12 columns"> <div class="search-container__advanced"> <div id="advanced-search-template" class="row advanced-search-row"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-12 columns show-for-medium-up"> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-3 columns connector-div"> <div class="search-input-label"><span class="show-for-medium-up">Logical Operator</span><span class="show-for-small">Operator</span></div> <select class="connector"> <option value="and">AND</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select> </div> <div class="large-3 medium-3 small-6 columns search-text-div"> <div class="search-input-label">Search Text</div> <input type="text" class="search-text" placeholder="Search text"> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 large-offset-0 medium-offset-0 small-offset-3 columns search-field-div"> <div class="search-input-label">Search Type</div> <select class="search-field"> <option value="all">All fields</option> <option value="title">Title</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="keywords">Keywords</option> <option value="authors">Authors</option> <option value="affiliations">Affiliations</option> <option value="doi">Doi</option> <option value="full_text">Full Text</option> <option value="references">References</option> </select> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-3 columns"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <div class="search-action-div"> <div class="search-plus"> <i class="material-icons">add_circle_outline</i> </div> </div> <div class="search-action-div"> <div class="search-minus"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </div> </div> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 large-offset-0 medium-offset-0 small-offset-3 end columns"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <input class="advanced-search-button button button--dark search-submit" type="submit" value="Search"> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns show-for-medium-up"></div> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="header-divider"> </div> <div class="breadcrumb row full-row"> <div class="breadcrumb__element"> <a href="/about/journals">Journals</a> </div> <div class="breadcrumb__element"> <a href="/journal/sustainability">Sustainability</a> </div> <div class="breadcrumb__element"> <a href="/2071-1050/16">Volume 16</a> </div> <div class="breadcrumb__element"> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23">Issue 23</a> </div> <div class="breadcrumb__element"> <a href="#">10.3390/su162310248</a> </div> </div> </header> <div id="main-content" class=""> <div class="row full-width row-fixed-left-column"> <div id="left-column" class="content__column large-3 medium-3 small-12 columns"> <div class="content__container"> <a href="/journal/sustainability"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/sustainability-logo.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="sustainability-logo" title="Sustainability" style="max-height: 60px; margin: 0 0 0 0;"> </a> <div class="generic-item no-border"> <a class="button button--color button--full-width js-journal-active-only-link js-journal-active-only-submit-link UC_ArticleSubmitButton" href="https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload?form%5Bjournal_id%5D%3D15" data-disabledmessage="creating new submissions is not possible."> Submit to this Journal </a> <a class="button button--color button--full-width js-journal-active-only-link UC_ArticleReviewButton" href="https://susy.mdpi.com/volunteer/journals/review" data-disabledmessage="volunteering as journal reviewer is not possible."> Review for this Journal </a> <a class="button button--color-inversed button--color-journal button--full-width js-journal-active-only-link UC_ArticleEditIssueButton" href="/journalproposal/sendproposalspecialissue/sustainability" data-path="/2071-1050/16/23/10248" data-disabledmessage="proposing new special issue is not possible."> Propose a Special Issue </a> </div> <div class="generic-item link-article-menu show-for-small"> <a href="#" class="link-article-menu show-for-small"> <span class="closed">►</span> <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span> Article Menu </a> </div> <div class="hide-small-down-initially UI_ArticleMenu"> <div class="generic-item"> <h2>Article Menu</h2> </div> <ul class="accordion accordion__menu" data-accordion data-options="multi_expand:true;toggleable: true"> <li class="accordion-navigation"> <a href="#academic_editors" class="accordion__title">Academic Editors</a> <div id="academic_editors" class="content active"> <div class="academic-editor-container " title="Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China"> <div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><a class="sciprofiles-link__link" href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/170819?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Yong Xiao</span></a></div> </div> <div class="academic-editor-container " title="1. HAO-Demeter, Agricultural Research Institution of Crete, 71300 Iraklion, Greece2. Union of Hellenic Water Supply and Sewerage Operators, 41222 Larissa, Greece"> <div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><a class="sciprofiles-link__link" href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/18169?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/profiles/18169/thumb/Andreas_Angelakis.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Andreas Angelakis</span></a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="accordion-direct-link"> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248/scifeed_display" data-reveal-id="scifeed-modal" data-reveal-ajax="true">Subscribe SciFeed</a> </li> <li class="accordion-direct-link js-article-similarity-container" style="display: none"> <a href="#" class="js-similarity-related-articles">Recommended Articles</a> </li> <li class="accordion-direct-link"> <a href="/article/1527529/author-biographies" data-reveal-id="author-biographies-modal" data-reveal-ajax="true">Author Biographies</a> </li> <li class="accordion-navigation"> <a href="#related" class="accordion__title">Related Info Link</a> <div id="related" class="content UI_ArticleMenu_RelatedLinks"> <ul> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=The%20Premature%20Mortality%20of%20Sabinos%20or%20Montezuma%20Bald%20Cypress%20%28Taxodium%20mucronatum%20Ten.%29%20in%20the%20State%20of%20Durango%2C%20Mexico" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Google Scholar</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="accordion-navigation"> <a href="#authors" class="accordion__title">More by Authors Links</a> <div id="authors" class="content UI_ArticleMenu_AuthorsLinks"> <ul class="side-menu-ul"> <li> <a class="expand" onclick='$(this).closest("li").next("div").toggle(); return false;'>on DOAJ</a> </li> <div id="AuthorDOAJExpand" style="display:none;"> <ul class="submenu"> <li class="li-link"> <a href='http://doaj.org/search/articles?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22%5C%22Maria%20Elena%20Perez-Lopez%5C%22%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.author.name%22%7D%7D%7D' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Perez-Lopez, M. Elena</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href='http://doaj.org/search/articles?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22%5C%22Alejandro%20Leal-Saenz%5C%22%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.author.name%22%7D%7D%7D' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Leal-Saenz, A.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href='http://doaj.org/search/articles?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22%5C%22Maria%20Elena%20Ortiz-Olivas%5C%22%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.author.name%22%7D%7D%7D' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ortiz-Olivas, M. Elena</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href='http://doaj.org/search/articles?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22%5C%22Fermin%20Ramirez-Crescencio%5C%22%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.author.name%22%7D%7D%7D' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ramirez-Crescencio, F.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href='http://doaj.org/search/articles?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22%5C%22Ariana%20Elizabeth%20Arreola-Ortiz%5C%22%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.author.name%22%7D%7D%7D' target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Arreola-Ortiz, A. Elizabeth</a> <li> </li> </ul> </div> <li> <a class="expand" onclick='$(this).closest("li").next("div").toggle(); return false;'>on Google Scholar</a> </li> <div id="AuthorGoogleExpand" style="display:none;"> <ul class="submenu"> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Maria%20Elena%20Perez-Lopez" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Perez-Lopez, M. Elena</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Alejandro%20Leal-Saenz" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Leal-Saenz, A.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Maria%20Elena%20Ortiz-Olivas" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ortiz-Olivas, M. Elena</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Fermin%20Ramirez-Crescencio" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ramirez-Crescencio, F.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ariana%20Elizabeth%20Arreola-Ortiz" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Arreola-Ortiz, A. Elizabeth</a> <li> </li> </ul> </div> <li> <a class="expand" onclick='$(this).closest("li").next("div").toggle(); return false;'>on PubMed</a> </li> <div id="AuthorPubMedExpand" style="display:none;"> <ul class="submenu"> <li class="li-link"> <a href="http://www.pubmed.gov/?cmd=Search&term=Maria%20Elena%20Perez-Lopez" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Perez-Lopez, M. Elena</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="http://www.pubmed.gov/?cmd=Search&term=Alejandro%20Leal-Saenz" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Leal-Saenz, A.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="http://www.pubmed.gov/?cmd=Search&term=Maria%20Elena%20Ortiz-Olivas" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ortiz-Olivas, M. Elena</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="http://www.pubmed.gov/?cmd=Search&term=Fermin%20Ramirez-Crescencio" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Ramirez-Crescencio, F.</a> <li> </li> <li class="li-link"> <a href="http://www.pubmed.gov/?cmd=Search&term=Ariana%20Elizabeth%20Arreola-Ortiz" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Arreola-Ortiz, A. Elizabeth</a> <li> </li> </ul> </div> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <span style="display:none" id="scifeed_hidden_flag"></span> <span style="display:none" id="scifeed_subscribe_url">/ajax/scifeed/subscribe</span> </div> </div> <div class="content__container"> <div class="hide-small-down-initially"> <ul class="accordion accordion__menu" data-accordion data-options="multi_expand:true;toggleable: true"> <li class="accordion-navigation"> <a href="#table_of_contents" class="accordion__title">Table of Contents</a> <div id="table_of_contents" class="content active"> <div class="menu-caption" id="html-quick-links-title"></div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div id="pbgrd-sky"></div> <script src="https://cdn.pbgrd.com/core-mdpi.js"></script> <style>.content__container { min-width: 300px; }</style>  </div> <div id="middle-column" class="content__column large-9 medium-9 small-12 columns end middle-bordered"> <div class="middle-column__help"> <div class="middle-column__help__fixed show-for-medium-up"> <span id="js-altmetrics-donut" href="#" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="display: none;"> <span data-badge-type='donut' class='altmetric-embed' data-doi='10.3390/su162310248'></span> <span>Altmetric</span> </span> <a href="#" class="UA_ShareButton" data-reveal-id="main-share-modal" title="Share"> <i class="material-icons">share</i> <span>Share</span> </a> <a href="#" data-reveal-id="main-help-modal" title="Help"> <i class="material-icons">announcement</i> <span>Help</span> </a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" data-reveal-id="cite-modal" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/cite" > <i class="material-icons">format_quote</i> <span>Cite</span> </a> <a href="#" class="" data-hypothesis-trigger-endorses-tab title="Endorse"> <i data-hypothesis-endorse-trigger class="material-icons" >thumb_up</i> <div data-hypothesis-endorsement-count data-hypothesis-trigger-endorses-tab class="hypothesis-count-container"> ... </div> <span>Endorse</span> </a> <a href="#" data-hypothesis-trigger class="js-hypothesis-open UI_ArticleAnnotationsButton" title="Comment"> <i class="material-icons">textsms</i> <div data-hypothesis-annotation-count class="hypothesis-count-container"> ... </div> <span>Comment</span> </a> </div> <div id="main-help-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 style="margin: 0;">Need Help?</h2> </div> <div class="small-6 columns"> <h3>Support</h3> <p> Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. </p> <a target="_blank" href="/about/contactform" class="button button--color button--full-width"> Get Support </a> </div> <div class="small-6 columns"> <h3>Feedback</h3> <p> Please let us know what you think of our products and services. </p> <a target="_blank" href="/feedback/send" class="button button--color button--full-width"> Give Feedback </a> </div> <div class="small-6 columns end"> <h3>Information</h3> <p> Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. </p> <a target="_blank" href="/authors" class="button button--color button--full-width"> Get Information </a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="middle-column__main "> <div class="page-highlight"> <style type="text/css"> img.review-status { width: 30px; } </style> <div id="jmolModal" class="reveal-modal" data-reveal aria-labelledby="Captcha" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <h2>JSmol Viewer</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns text-center"> <iframe style="width: 520px; height: 520px;" frameborder="0" id="jsmol-content"></iframe> <div class="content"></div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle" id="abstract" class="abstract_div"> <div class="js-check-update-container"></div> <div class="html-content__container content__container content__container__combined-for-large__first" style="overflow: auto; position: inherit;"> <div class='html-profile-nav'> <div class='top-bar'> <div class='nav-sidebar-btn show-for-large-up' data-status='opened' > <i class='material-icons'>first_page</i> </div> <a id="js-button-download" class="button button--color-inversed" style="display: none;" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248/pdf?version=1732334980" data-name="The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> Download PDF </a> <div class='nav-btn'> <i class='material-icons'>settings</i> </div> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248/reprints" id="js-button-reprints" class="button button--color-inversed"> Order Article Reprints </a> </div> <div class='html-article-menu'> <div class='html-first-step row'> <div class='html-font-family large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns'> <div class='row'> <div class='html-font-label large-4 medium-4 small-12 columns'> Font Type: </div> <div class='large-8 medium-8 small-12 columns'> <span class="html-article-menu-option"><i style='font-family:Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;' data-fontfamily='Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif'>Arial</i></span> <span class="html-article-menu-option"><i style='font-family:Georgia1, Georgia, serif;' data-fontfamily='Georgia1, Georgia, serif'>Georgia</i></span> <span class="html-article-menu-option"><i style='font-family:Verdana, Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;' data-fontfamily='Verdana, Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif' >Verdana</i></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='html-font-resize large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns'> <div class='row'> <div class='html-font-label large-4 medium-4 small-12 columns'>Font Size:</div> <div class='large-8 medium-8 small-12 columns'> <span class="html-article-menu-option a1" data-percent="100">Aa</span> <span class="html-article-menu-option a2" data-percent="120">Aa</span> <span class="html-article-menu-option a3" data-percent="160">Aa</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='row'> <div class='html-line-space large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns'> <div class='row'> <div class='html-font-label large-4 medium-4 small-12 columns' >Line Spacing:</div> <div class='large-8 medium-8 small-12 columns'> <span class="html-article-menu-option a1" data-line-height="1.5em"> <i class="fa"></i> </span> <span class="html-article-menu-option a2" data-line-height="1.8em"> <i class="fa"></i> </span> <span class="html-article-menu-option a3" data-line-height="2.1em"> <i class="fa"></i> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='html-column-width large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns'> <div class='row'> <div class='html-font-label large-4 medium-4 small-12 columns' >Column Width:</div> <div class='large-8 medium-8 small-12 columns'> <span class="html-article-menu-option a1" data-column-width="20%"> <i class="fa"></i> </span> <span class="html-article-menu-option a2" data-column-width="10%"> <i class="fa"></i> </span> <span class="html-article-menu-option a3" data-column-width="0%"> <i class="fa"></i> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='row'> <div class='html-font-bg large-6 medium-6 small-12 columns end'> <div class='row'> <div class='html-font-label large-4 medium-4 small-12 columns'>Background:</div> <div class='large-8 medium-8 small-12 columns'> <div class="html-article-menu-option html-nav-bg html-nav-bright" data-bg="bright"> <i class="fa fa-file-text"></i> </div> <div class="html-article-menu-option html-nav-bg html-nav-dark" data-bg="dark"> <i class="fa fa-file-text-o"></i> </div> <div class="html-article-menu-option html-nav-bg html-nav-creme" data-bg="creme"> <i class="fa fa-file-text"></i> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <article ><div class='html-article-content'> <span itemprop="publisher" content="Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"></span><span itemprop="url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248"></span> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <h1 class="title hypothesis_container" itemprop="name"> The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (<span class="html-italic">Taxodium mucronatum</span> Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico </h1> <div class="art-authors hypothesis_container"> by <span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13435610' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Maria Elena Perez-Lopez</div><div id="profile-card-drop13435610" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Maria Elena Perez-Lopez</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/667615?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.net/scholars?q=Maria%20Elena%20Perez-Lopez" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Maria%20Elena%20Perez-Lopez&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Maria%20Elena%20Perez-Lopez" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div><div class="profile-card__biography"><div class="js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-open"> Dr. Maria Elena Pérez-López holds a degree in biology, from the Autonomous University of Nuevo in [...] </div><div class="js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-closed" style="display: none;"> Dr. Maria Elena Pérez-López holds a degree in biology, from the Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, a masters in biochemistry from the Technological Institute of Durango, and a doctorate in environmental technologies from the Advanced Materials Research Center (CIMAV) of CONAHCYT. She has 43 years working as a teacher and researcher at the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Integral Regional Development, in the Durango unit of the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN-CIIDIR-DGO) in the department of environmental sciences, social activism, working in evaluating soil and surface and groundwater quality, and impact assessments in small communities. She is a member of the Durango state water network (RAED) and the water reserve monitoring network (RedMORA), among other bodies. </div><div><a href="#" class='js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-open'>Read more</a><a href="#" class='js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-closed' style="display: none;">Read less</a></div></div></div><sup> 1,*</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13435610" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#91bef2fff5bcf2f6f8befdbef4fcf0f8fdbce1e3fee5f4f2e5f8feffb2a1a1a1f2a7f5a1a9a1a0a1a9a1a2a1f2a4f5a4f4a4a9a4a5a3f5a1f0a1a1a1f2a1a5a1a0a5a2a1f4a1a3a1a1"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-7521" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/orcid.png?0465bc3812adeb52?1732286508" title="ORCID" style="position: relative; width: 13px; margin-left: 3px; max-width: 13px !important; height: auto; top: -5px;"></a>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13435611' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Alejandro Leal-Saenz</div><div id="profile-card-drop13435611" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Alejandro Leal-Saenz</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/author/blo0aTkrLzRINm4xcFZFN3ExY3QySFUzdk9QQW1RWTVPbGdhN2VtRnhpOD0=?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.net/scholars?q=Alejandro%20Leal-Saenz" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Alejandro%20Leal-Saenz&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Alejandro%20Leal-Saenz" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup> 1</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13435611" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#ddf2beb3b9f0bebab4f2b1f2b8b0bcb4b1f0adafb2a9b8bea9b4b2b3feedededeaebe4ecbcedbeedbcecb9ece4edededeaecbeecbcefe4edb8ede9ede5ededede8e9eaedbcedebede9"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2914-5136" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/orcid.png?0465bc3812adeb52?1732286508" title="ORCID" style="position: relative; width: 13px; margin-left: 3px; max-width: 13px !important; height: auto; top: -5px;"></a>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13435612' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Maria Elena Ortiz-Olivas</div><div id="profile-card-drop13435612" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Maria Elena Ortiz-Olivas</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/author/VVdBQ3pXM2RXU21mK25JK2xNTnBZbGw1VFNVZ29VenJjNkVRV3hON3JHZz0=?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.net/scholars?q=Maria%20Elena%20Ortiz-Olivas" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Maria%20Elena%20Ortiz-Olivas&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Maria%20Elena%20Ortiz-Olivas" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup> 2</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13435612" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#b699d5d8d29bd5d1df99da99d3dbd7dfda9bc6c4d9c2d3d5c2dfd9d895868686d580d2868e8687868487d086848687858483d5838e83d284d286838684878f868686d586828687828586d386848686"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13435613' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Fermin Ramirez-Crescencio</div><div id="profile-card-drop13435613" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Fermin Ramirez-Crescencio</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/166013?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.net/scholars?q=Fermin%20Ramirez-Crescencio" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Fermin%20Ramirez-Crescencio&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Fermin%20Ramirez-Crescencio" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup> 1</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13435613" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#ebc488858fc6888c82c487c48e868a8287c69b99849f8e889f828485c8dbdbdadcdcdadadfdbd8da88dad3da8dd8dadaddda88dadbdad3da8fde8ddad9da8eda88"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9765-6342" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/orcid.png?0465bc3812adeb52?1732286508" title="ORCID" style="position: relative; width: 13px; margin-left: 3px; max-width: 13px !important; height: auto; top: -5px;"></a> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13435614' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Ariana Elizabeth Arreola-Ortiz</div><div id="profile-card-drop13435614" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Ariana Elizabeth Arreola-Ortiz</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/author/TDJaT3VHYWZoQXlhYmdaNDlOLzNiMk9pSC9uNjBZZWVESTZmbGRPR1Mvbz0=?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.net/scholars?q=Ariana%20Elizabeth%20Arreola-Ortiz" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Ariana%20Elizabeth%20Arreola-Ortiz&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ariana%20Elizabeth%20Arreola-Ortiz" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup> 1</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13435614" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#96b9f5f8f2bbf5f1ffb9fab9f3fbf7fffabbe6e4f9e2f3f5e2fff9f8b5a6a6a7a5a0a7a6aea6a6a6f0a6a2a5f3a3afa3a0a4a7a6afa6f3a7a3a6f5a6a6a6aea6f2a2f0a6a4a6f3a6f5"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a></span> </div> <div class="nrm"></div> <span style="display:block; height:6px;"></span> <div></div> <div style="margin: 5px 0 15px 0;" class="hypothesis_container"> <div class="art-affiliations"> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>1</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name ">Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad Durango, Sigma 119, Fracc. 20 de Noviembre II, Durango 34220, Mexico</div> </div> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>2</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name ">Maestría Institucional en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Apdo. Postal 741. Zona Centro, Durango 34000, Mexico</div> </div> <div class="affiliation"> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>*</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name ">Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bib-identity" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>(23), 10248; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310248 (registering DOI) </div> <div class="pubhistory" style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="display: inline-block">Submission received: 27 June 2024</span> / <span style="display: inline-block">Revised: 3 November 2024</span> / <span style="display: inline-block">Accepted: 5 November 2024</span> / <span style="display: inline-block">Published: 23 November 2024</span> </div> <div class="highlight-box1"> <div class="download"> <a class="button button--color-inversed button--drop-down" data-dropdown="drop-download-1527529" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527529" aria-expanded="false"> Download <i class="material-icons">keyboard_arrow_down</i> </a> <div id="drop-download-1527529" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--button" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <a class="UD_ArticlePDF" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248/pdf?version=1732334980" data-name="The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico" data-journal="sustainability">Download PDF</a> <br/> <a id="js-xml-access-captcha" href="#" data-target="/2071-1050/16/23/10248/xml" class="accessCaptcha">Download XML</a> <br/> <a href="javascript:void(0);" data-reveal-id="supplementaryModal">Download Supplementary Material</a> <br/> </div> <div class="js-browse-figures" style="display: inline-block;"> <a href="#" class="button button--color-inversed margin-bottom-10 openpopupgallery UI_BrowseArticleFigures" data-target='article-popup' data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/browse" >Browse Figures</a> </div> <div id="article-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"> <a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g001.png?1732335138" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Main water currents of the San Pedro–Mezquital basin.</p> "> </a> <a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g002.png?1732335141" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Containers used to determine the tolerance of seedlings to water quality changes. Each one contained three individuals.</p> "> </a> <a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g003.png?1732335143" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of sabino seedling survival tests to water quality types.</p> "> </a> <a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g004.png?1732335147" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The location of the gallery forest is made up of sabino trees.</p> "> </a> <a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g005.png?1732335149" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Percentages of TVS removal. The same letters indicate statistically equal values (α = 0.05).</p> "> </a> <a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g006.png?1732335150" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Changes in seedling height; differences were not statistically significant (α = 0.05).</p> "> </a> </div> <a class="button button--color-inversed" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248/review_report">Review Reports</a> <a class="button button--color-inversed" href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248/notes">Versions Notes</a> </div> </div> <div class="responsive-moving-container small hidden" data-id="article-counters" style="margin-top: 15px;"></div> <div class="html-dynamic"> <section> <div class="art-abstract art-abstract-new in-tab hypothesis_container"> <p> <div><section class="html-abstract" id="html-abstract"> <h2 id="html-abstract-title">Abstract</h2><b>:</b> <div class="html-p">The juniper (<span class="html-italic">Taxodium mucronatum</span> Ten. of the Cupressaceae family) is a long-lived species that forms gallery forests. Dozens of dead junipers > 100 years old have been identified in the San Pedro Mezquital watershed in Durango, Mexico. This work determines the causes of death of these specimens. The work was carried out in the field and in the laboratory, where in the former the surface of the damaged trees was identified, together with the changes observed in the watercourses. In the latter, sabino seedlings were transported to the work center and exposed for 7 days in containers with gravel to five types of wastewater generated in the region. With the above, the conditions experienced by the adult trees in the field were studied, as well as the sensitivity of the young specimens to the types of water quality, and the differences were validated with ANOVA tests. Five sites with dead junipers were found, ranging in size from 0.5 to 4 ha, with ages between 200 and 400 years. It was found that during the dry season, water is diverted to irrigated areas, leaving some areas without water for several months. The shoots survived in most of the water qualities, except the one with high salinity (3.34 mS/cm). It is concluded that the lack of water in the rivers had a stronger influence than the water quality and is the probable cause of the death of the sabino.</div> </section> <div id="html-keywords"> <div class="html-gwd-group"><div id="html-keywords-title">Keywords: </div><a href="/search?q=wastewater">wastewater</a>; <a href="/search?q=gallery+forest">gallery forest</a>; <a href="/search?q=water+quality">water quality</a>; <a href="/search?q=water+quantity">water quantity</a>; <a href="/search?q=seedling+survival">seedling survival</a></div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="hypothesis_container"> <ul class="menu html-nav" data-prev-node="#html-quick-links-title"> </ul> <div class="html-body"> <section id='sec1-sustainability-16-10248' type='intro'><h2 data-nested='1'> 1. Introduction</h2><div class='html-p'>In 1921, <span class='html-italic'>Taxodium mucronatum</span>, Ten. of family Cupressaceae, commonly known as Ahuehuete, sabino, or Montezuma bald cypress [<a href="#B1-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">1</a>], was recognized as the national tree of Mexico because it is found throughout the Mexican Republic [<a href="#B2-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">2</a>]. Ahuehuete is derived from the Nahuatl name for the tree, āhuēhuētl, which means “upright drum in water” or “old man of the water.” It is worth mentioning that individuals over 1000 years old have been found in Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, and Durango [<a href="#B3-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">3</a>]. Sabinos are part of the natural corridors between aquatic and terrestrial systems, showing great ecological dynamism [<a href="#B4-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">4</a>]. Furthermore, among the vegetation of gallery forests, <span class='html-italic'>T. mucronatum</span> is one of their most diverse, dynamic, and complex components [<a href="#B5-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">5</a>].</div><div class='html-p'><span class='html-italic'>T. mucronatum</span> is widely used in popular medicine. The Aztecs used various parts of the trees as medicine. Pieces of burned bark were used on sores, burns, and skin ulcerations, and chest conditions were cured by inhaling the smoke from burning wood and branches. <span class='html-italic'>T. mucronatum</span> is currently used to create infusions or ointments for the treatment of wounds, gout, heart diseases, hemorrhoids, ulcers, and varicose veins; to relieve rheumatic pain; and as an antispasmodic for the treatment of diarrhea and bronchial problems [<a href="#B6-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">6</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>Luján-Hidalgo et al. (2012) [<a href="#B7-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">7</a>] studied the chemical composition and microbial activity of <span class='html-italic'>T. mucronatum</span>, finding that it obtained microbial activity on Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts, but not on Gram-negative bacteria. They also found that its main constituents are sabinene (13.16%), thujopsene (8.11%), 4-terpineol (7.66%), γ-terpinene (6.91%), and β-myrcene (6.57%). This indicates that it may have some antibiotic effects, which are still under study. Correa-Díaz et al. (2014) [<a href="#B8-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">8</a>] found that although sabinos are associated with water reservoirs, they are sensitive to variations in precipitation and water quality.</div><div class='html-p'>Ecosystem services are the benefits that people receive from the environment [<a href="#B9-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">9</a>] that contribute to human quality of life and well-being. From this perspective, riparian forests are distinguished because they form natural corridors between aquatic and terrestrial systems; they harbor a great diversity of species and are ecologically dynamic [<a href="#B10-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">10</a>]. Riparian forests provide a range of ecosystem services, such as the following:</div><div class='html-p'><ul class='html-order'><li><div class='html-p'>Due to their location, they act as a filter for substances present in runoff water before it reaches the rivers, thus helping in its purification and keeping the riverbeds cleaner through the roots and small organisms that, together with the soil, retain the particles present in the water [<a href="#B11-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">11</a>,<a href="#B12-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">12</a>].</div></li><li><div class='html-p'>The location of the trees and the geomorphology of the sites allows for the stabilization of the sediments that compose the streambanks, thus preventing excessive soil erosion [<a href="#B13-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">13</a>].</div></li><li><div class='html-p'>They present pleasant microclimates, where the high humidity and lower temperature than the surrounding areas allow for a great diversity of species, thus tolerating the development of local fauna, both terrestrial and aquatic, and supporting the dispersion of species because the forests are used as natural wildlife corridors [<a href="#B14-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">14</a>].</div></li><li><div class='html-p'>They are places that are used as recreational and relaxation areas due to their scenic beauty and microclimates [<a href="#B13-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">13</a>,<a href="#B14-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">14</a>].</div></li><li><div class='html-p'>Due to their biodiversity, they present great ecological dynamism that supports the closing of the biogeochemical cycles of water, carbon, and nitrogen, among others [<a href="#B5-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">5</a>].</div></li><li><div class='html-p'>They provide food and consumption materials, among other resources.</div></li></ul></div><div class='html-p'>Unfortunately, between 2000 and 2016, the integrity of the riparian forest in Durango, Mexico, was threatened, with the discovery of dead sabino trees along the banks of the Durango, Mezquital, and Poanas rivers.</div><div class='html-p'>Sabinos are typically found near the Durango, Mezquital, and Poanas Rivers, which belong to the higher San Pedro–Mezquital River basin [<a href="#B13-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">13</a>,<a href="#B15-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">15</a>], the seventh largest in Mexico and the main source of freshwater in the south of the state of Durango [<a href="#B14-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">14</a>,<a href="#B16-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">16</a>]. This species differs from its close relatives, such as <span class='html-italic'>Taxodium distichum</span>, in that the habitat it requires for a thriving life cycle is limited to streams, surface lakes, creeks, and wet soils [<a href="#B17-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">17</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>The death of sabinos is an anomalous situation given that they are not attacked by pests, are resistant to screwworms and bark worms, and rarely become sick [<a href="#B18-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">18</a>,<a href="#B19-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">19</a>,<a href="#B20-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">20</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>Additionally, it is important to note that sabinos are sensitive to a multitude of factors, including the contamination of water and soil from chemicals and industrial waste, rising temperatures, and changes in precipitation patterns, which can alter their natural habitats, thereby affecting their ability to survive and reproduce. Additionally, deforestation and human activity can disrupt the natural patterns of riparian corridors [<a href="#B8-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">8</a>,<a href="#B16-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">16</a>,<a href="#B18-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">18</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>Furthermore, Suzán-Azpiri et al. [<a href="#B10-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">10</a>] found that trees in polluted rivers exhibited significantly lower radial growth and a smaller canopy than did those in the better-conditioned group and control group. Additionally, Villanueva-Díaz et al. [<a href="#B11-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">11</a>] discovered that water pollution caused by industrial effluents and sewage streams resulted in mortality among sabino trees and influenced their physiological and dynamic processes.</div><div class='html-p'>Given the slow growth rate of sabino trees and their documented age of up to 1000 years in the area [<a href="#B1-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">1</a>,<a href="#B13-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">13</a>], it is crucial to acknowledge the impact of anthropogenic activities on their longevity. This recognition paves the way for the formulation of effective conservation strategies, ensuring the sustained provision of ecosystem services by these trees. The objective of this study was to establish a foundation for this.</div><div class='html-p'>Considering the circumstances surrounding the discovery of dead sabinos, it is reasonable to conclude that the cause of death may be attributed to either water quality, water quantity, or a combination of both. The initial stage of the investigation involved the identification of the locations where the deceased sabinos were discovered. Subsequently, an investigation was conducted to ascertain whether these sites experienced prolonged periods of water scarcity.</div><div class='html-p'>To ascertain the impact of water quality, wastewater from the region where the sabino seedlings were submerged was utilized, and their subsequent development was monitored.</div><div class='html-p'>In the juvenile phase, sabino seedlings grow under a distinct set of environmental conditions, including humidity and temperature, in comparison to those experienced by adult trees. This is attributed to the seedlings’ inherent fragility, which necessitates a period of protection and adaptation in the shade of the parent trees during their initial years of growth. Given their fragility, seedlings were selected to assess their tolerance to different water qualities. If they survive, it is likely that the adults also will. The absence of seedlings on the banks indicates additional conservation issues at these sites, but reviewing this was beyond the scope of this work.</div></section><section id='sec2-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h2 data-nested='1'> 2. Materials and Methods</h2><div class='html-p'>The San Pedro–Mezquital River is the main source of fresh water in the south of the state of Durango. It is the seventh largest river in Mexico and part of one of the most productive and biodiversity-rich wetlands in the Pacific, the National Marshes, which houses the largest mangrove forest in the North Pacific [<a href="#B18-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">18</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>The San Pedro–Mezquital hydrological basin (watershed) drains its waters from north to south of the State of Durango and supplies 60% of the water to the states of Durango and Zacatecas, flowing into the northern part of the state of Nayarit (National Marshes). The major rivers are shown in <a href="#sustainability-16-10248-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a>, along with their lengths in kilometers.</div><section id='sec2dot1-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 2.1. Characteristics of the Gallery Forests of the Tunal, Durango, and Poanas Rivers</h4><div class='html-p'>Previous diagnoses indicate that along the banks of the upper basin of the Sauceda, Tunal, and Bayacora Rivers, the riparian forests are either absent or severely degraded. Along the Durango, Poanas, and Mezquital Rivers, gallery forests with sabinos are present. Using Google Earth and field observations, the presence of dead trees was identified at these sites. Subsequently, it was identified whether there were zero flows at these sites (this means that the river remained without water for prolonged periods of time), with the help of governmental hydrometric data [<a href="#B19-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">19</a>] and some other published and unpublished works (<a href="#sustainability-16-10248-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a>).</div></section><section id='sec2dot2-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 2.2. Resistance of Sabinos to Water Quality</h4><section id='sec2dot2dot1-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 2.2.1. Collection of Sabino Seedlings and Their Adaptation in a Greenhouse</h4><div class='html-p'>One mature sabino tree generates hundreds of seedlings in its shade, more than 99% of which are lost during the rainy season. A total of 200 seedlings were obtained from one of these sites (along Durango River) and acclimatized in a greenhouse. This process took about 42 days, during which only tap water was added until new shoots were observed. During the first several days, the leaves changed color due to the high amount of solar radiation, which necessitated the installation of a shade net.</div></section><section id='sec2dot2dot2-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 2.2.2. Seedling Survival Evaluation</h4><div class='html-p'>Seedlings were chosen because they are more susceptible to changes than an adult specimen. If they survive, then the adult tree will too. Three seedlings were placed in a 4 L plastic pot containing local gravel (1″ diameter, <a href="#sustainability-16-10248-f002" class="html-fig">Figure 2</a>). One seedling was considered one experimental unit, and each plastic pot had three experimental units.</div><div class='html-p'>Each water type was tested with 9 seedlings. A contact time of 7 days was chosen because previous work has shown that trees along different rivers can have this contact time with water [<a href="#B20-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">20</a>,<a href="#B21-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">21</a>]. In rivers, the flowing water can be retained in pools of different volumes, where the average residence time calculated was 7 days. This is the duration that the trees would be in contact with these types of water. The trees’ survival, growth and the presence of new leaves were recorded for each type of wastewater.</div></section><section id='sec2dot2dot3-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 2.2.3. Types of Water Quality</h4><div class='html-p'>The municipality of Durango is part of the state of Durango, and according to official reports [<a href="#B22-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">22</a>], its industrial, service and domestic sectors contribute 7%, 1%, and 92%, respectively, to the 102 wastewater discharge points in the region [<a href="#B21-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">21</a>]. Thus, the industrial and domestic effluents located in the vicinity of the study area were selected as potential pollution sources of the selected rivers.</div><div class='html-p'>The most deteriorated water quality is that of both domestic and industrial wastewater. A total of 4 types were put in contact with the sabino seedlings for 7 days; the eastern E-WTP is the most relevant in terms of the volume treated (1500 L/s). From it, 3 influent samples (IE-WTP) and 3 effluent samples (EE-WTP) were collected on specific dates to compare their effects on the seedlings. This wastewater treatment plant can discharge its water into the rivers.</div><div class='html-p'>Industrial activities are mainly concentrated in an industrial park, and their effluents are discharged through a ditch (Acequía Grande) that joins the Tunal and Durango Rivers, although a small contribution from agricultural runoff has also been reported [<a href="#B21-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">21</a>]. A sample of this wastewater was collected and identified in relation to its point of collection, the San Carlos Bridge (SCB).</div><div class='html-p'>In addition, there are two other industries outside the industrial estate that are relevant to the present study. The first one, BioPapel (BP), has been identified as being responsible for contamination events in the Tunal River, and the second one, Holland Cheese Factory (HCF), has effluents with a high salt content that is toxic for vegetation in general. Although there are no reports of HCF effluent contamination in the rivers, a sample was obtained to investigate its effect on seedlings as a reference.</div></section><section id='sec2dot2dot4-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 2.2.4. Experimental Design</h4><div class='html-p'>To test the tolerance of the seedlings to the different water qualities, two experiments were designed. The first used water from the <span class='html-italic'>E-WTP,</span> where samples of its influent and effluent were obtained on three occasions, and each was in contact with the seedlings for 7 days.</div><div class='html-p'>The second experiment used three industrial effluents from the region. The method with which they were tested is shown in <a href="#sustainability-16-10248-f003" class="html-fig">Figure 3</a>. After the experiments were completed, all seedlings were given tap water and observed for another two weeks to assess the possibility of a delayed effect caused by the different water samples.</div></section><section id='sec2dot2dot5-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 2.2.5. Removal Efficiencies Achieved by the Presence of Seedlings</h4><div class='html-p'>It should be remembered that plants with submerged roots release air in the root zones. This allows for them to be used by microorganisms in charge of carrying the degradation off or the components of the wastewater; in other words, the purification process of wastewater is carried out. To see the effects on this process, the quality of the water from the inlet to the outlet was measured, and the removal efficiency was established [<a href="#B23-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">23</a>]</div><div class='html-p'>We used one-way variance analysis to validate the differences found and evaluate the effect of seedlings on changes in the water quality (removal efficiency) (<a href="#sustainability-16-10248-f003" class="html-fig">Figure 3</a>).</div></section></section></section><section id='sec3-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h2 data-nested='1'> 3. Information Analyses</h2><section id='sec3dot1-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 3.1. Water Quality</h4><div class='html-p'>The changes in water quality throughout the experiment were determined by measuring the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and colony-forming units of fecal coliforms (FCs). </div><div class='html-p'>The pH and EC values were measured with previously calibrated equipment (HACH HQ40 multi-parameter meter, Loveland, CO, USA).The contents, in mg/L, of TS and TDS were measured according to the Mexican regulation NMX-AA-034-SCFI-2015 [<a href="#B24-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">24</a>]. NMX-AA-042-SCFI-2015 [<a href="#B25-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">25</a>] establishes that FCs can be considered an indicator of contamination by pathogens. Accordingly, the contents of colony-forming units of fecal coliforms were quantified using a selective bile green medium. The results are reported as the most probable number (MPN) per 100 mL of water (MPN/100 mL).</div></section><section id='sec3dot2-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 3.2. Data Analysis</h4><div class='html-p'>The effects of seedlings on changes in the water quality were evaluated using a two-way analysis of variance with a significance value of α = 0.05.</div><div class='html-p'>For the first experiment, the treatments were seedling + gravel + water and gravel + water on the three samplings of the influent and effluent of E-WTP.</div><div class='html-p'>For the second experiment, the treatments were seedling + gravel + wastewater and gravel + wastewater, using the different types of wastewaters from the region</div><div class='html-p'>The software used was the statistical package Statistic 7.0 [<a href="#B26-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">26</a>], logarithm base 10, was applied to the fecal coliforms values, and all the data were standardized to its corresponding z value. Whenever possible, the values were compared with those established in the Mexican regulations NOM-001-SEMARNAT-2021 [<a href="#B27-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">27</a>].</div></section></section><section id='sec4-sustainability-16-10248' type='results'><h2 data-nested='1'> 4. Results</h2><section id='sec4dot1-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 4.1. Vegetation Cover</h4><div class='html-p'>The Tunal and Bayacora Rivers displayed significant disruptions along their riverbanks, where scattered individuals of sabinos were observed [<a href="#B28-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">28</a>,<a href="#B29-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">29</a>]. Experts have determined that a gallery forest consists of more than 10 individuals [<a href="#B2-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">2</a>,<a href="#B28-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">28</a>]. Therefore, it is evident that the Tunal River does not have a gallery forest of sabinos (<a href="#sustainability-16-10248-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a>).</div><div class='html-p'>Five sites with dead sabinos were found, with surfaces ranging from 0.5 to 4 ha. The ages of the sabinos, according to Villarreal’s work, varied between 200 and 400 years. <a href="#sustainability-16-10248-t001" class="html-table">Table 1</a> shows that in these places, the springs dried up, changing the direction of the watercourses, and zero flow (CNA’s hydrometric data) was recorded from the distribution of water to farmers. The deaths are associated with anthropogenic activities. Descriptive photos of each site are in the <a href="#app1-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-app">Supplementary Materials</a>.</div><div class='html-p'>It is important to highlight that in several sections of the Tunal River, where no vegetation was observed, the river was completely dry. This is considered a strong indicator of damage to riparian vegetation. On the contrary, the Durango and Poanas Rivers presented the highest vegetation cover, which is coincidence with their longest distance to the City of Durango. These rivers also have zero flow at some points, but some places, such as site 4, are fed by springs, which have been drying up (<a href="#sustainability-16-10248-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a> and <a href="#app1-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-app">Figure S2</a>).</div></section><section id='sec4dot2-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 4.2. Water Quality</h4><section id='sec4dot2dot1-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 4.2.1. Differences Among the Effluents Used to Assess the Survival of Seedlings</h4><div class='html-p'>In the water samples obtained from the influent and effluent of the east domestic wastewater treatment plant (E-WTP), their FC content was studied in addition to some physicochemical factors, such as pH, electrical conductivity in µS/cm (EC), water temperature (°C), total solids (TS), and total volatile solids (TVS). The same parameters were measured in the industrial wastewater.</div><div class='html-p'>The results of the parameters evaluated for the water quality and their comparison with the reference values marked in the Norm Mexican are indicated in <a href="#sustainability-16-10248-t002" class="html-table">Table 2</a>.</div></section><section id='sec4dot2dot2-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 4.2.2. pH Values</h4><div class='html-p'>The results in <a href="#sustainability-16-10248-t002" class="html-table">Table 2</a> show significant differences among the types of water (F = 2770, <span class='html-italic'>p</span> < 0.001), except for EE-WTP Treated III and IE-WTP Raw III.</div></section><section id='sec4dot2dot3-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 4.2.3. Electrical Conductivity (EC)</h4><div class='html-p'>Regarding EC, significant differences were found among all treatments (F = 810,445, <span class='html-italic'>p</span> < 0.001). Notably, the HCF and BP samples presented the highest values. Considering the criteria of water quality for irrigation [<a href="#B30-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">30</a>,<a href="#B31-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">31</a>], an EC of 250 µS/cm is considered excellent, that from 250 to 750 µS/cm is good, that from 750 to 2000 µS/cm is permissible, that from 2000 to 3000 µS/cm is questionable, and that equal to or greater than 3000 µS/cm is inappropriate for irrigation. Thus, the water sample from the Holland Cheese Factory is classified as inappropriate for irrigation and considered helpful as a reference for seedlings under harsh conditions. On the contrary, the lowest EC value was presented by EE-WTP Treated II, which corresponds to the effluent of the treatment plant and falls within the established standard, in terms of salt content, for use in agricultural irrigation.</div></section><section id='sec4dot2dot4-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 4.2.4. Content of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/NH<sub>3</sub></h4><div class='html-p'>The ammonium ion content is an indicator of the first steps of degradation of the nitrogen compounds in organic matter. It was measured in selected samples because previous studies have demonstrated its content in EE-WTP samples [<a href="#B24-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">24</a>].</div></section><section id='sec4dot2dot5-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 4.2.5. Total Solids (TS)</h4><div class='html-p'>Regarding the TS, significant differences were found among the samples (F = 1555, <span class='html-italic'>p</span> < 0.001), except for EE-WTP Treated I, EE-WTP Treated II, and SCB IV. The lowest value of total TS was presented by EE-WTP Treated II, and the water from HCF is not recommended for irrigation according to its TS value.</div></section><section id='sec4dot2dot6-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 4.2.6. Total Volatile Solids (TVS)</h4><div class='html-p'>Significant differences among the TVS values in the samples were observed (F = 188, <span class='html-italic'>p</span> < 0.001). The total volatile solids, according to the Mexican standard NMX-AA-034-SCFI-2015 [<a href="#B25-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">25</a>], refers to the amount of organic matter (including inorganic compounds) capable of volatilizing under calcination at 550 °C ± 50 °C in a period of 15 to 20 min. The TVS values obtained from the HCF sample were the least favorable for soils, plants, and surface waters. In contrast, the lowest TVS values were those of the EE-WTP Treated III sample.</div></section><section id='sec4dot2dot7-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 4.2.7. Fecal Coliforms (FC)</h4><div class='html-p'>Significant differences were found among the FC values (F = 2342, <span class='html-italic'>p</span> < 0.001). The IE-WTP Raw III sample showed the highest value, which represents a risk to public health, even in the case of indirect contact. The EE-WTP and BP samples were within the quality limits set by NOM 001-SEMARNAT-2021 [<a href="#B30-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">30</a>]</div></section><section id='sec4dot2dot8-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 4.2.8. Water Characteristics After 7 Days with the Seedlings</h4><div class='html-p'>The changes in water quality after 7 days in the containers with and without the seedlings can be seen in <a href="#app1-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-app">Table S1</a>. We found statistically significant changes according to water quality, but not according to the absence or presence of trees (<a href="#sustainability-16-10248-f005" class="html-fig">Figure 5</a>).</div></section><section id='sec4dot2dot9-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='' data-nested='3'> 4.2.9. Tolerance of Sabino Seedlings and Differences in Growth and Presence of New Leaves in Sabinos</h4><div class='html-p'>During the test period of 7 days, most of the samples presented new leaves and growth (<a href="#sustainability-16-10248-t002" class="html-table">Table 2</a>), except for the HCF group.</div><ul class='html-order'><li><div class='html-p'>In the first experiment, the water from the E-WTP, both influent and effluent, did not cause deaths. Growth occurred, and new shoots were registered in 14 of the seedlings. It should be remembered that the seedlings spent 21 days under these types of water, which are the most common and have greater volumes in the area. For decades, the wastewater from the urban area was poured into the channel that leads to the gallery forests. Since the year 2000, it has been distributed among the farmers.</div></li><li><div class='html-p'>In the second experiment, it was observed that growth occurred with the water from the San Carlos Bridge (SCB). This water comes mainly from the industrial zone of the City of Durango, sometimes receiving some water from the E-WTP; growth was observed in the individuals that received it. When BP water was added, they did not die but neither did they have outbreaks. With the water from the cheese factory, although they did not die after 7 days, four individuals died 6 days after the water was withdrawn. Furthermore, in the pots with the same water and gravel, a light white layer was formed on the gravel surface, presumably made up of salts, that did not appear in any of the other pots of the other groups. This indicates that the sabinos do not tolerate the quality of water from the Holland Cheese Factory.</div></li></ul><div class='html-p'>The different types of water had no statistically significant effect on seedling growth (<a href="#sustainability-16-10248-f006" class="html-fig">Figure 6</a>). The seedlings that survived were kept under observation for some months and maintained their perfect condition.</div></section></section></section><section id='sec5-sustainability-16-10248' type='discussion'><h2 data-nested='1'> 5. Discussion</h2><div class='html-p'>It was observed that the riparian forests of the Durango and Poanas Rivers have been degraded and have no flow; dead sabinos were found at five sites. It was also observed that the survival and growth of the sabino saplings in contact with the different water qualities were not affected, except for those exposed to the residual water of the cheese factory. This indicates that the lack of water could be the cause of death for the specimens detected.</div><section id='sec5dot1-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 5.1. Riparian Quality</h4><div class='html-p'>The San Pedro–Mezquital Rivers of the upper basin show severe damage to their banks. In most of them, their forests have been damaged to varying degrees, including to the point of elimination [<a href="#B28-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">28</a>,<a href="#B29-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">29</a>,<a href="#B32-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">32</a>,<a href="#B33-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">33</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>As shown in <a href="#sustainability-16-10248-f002" class="html-fig">Figure 2</a> [<a href="#B28-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">28</a>,<a href="#B29-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">29</a>,<a href="#B33-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">33</a>], the most degraded river is the Tunal, which is the closest to the City of Durango. The Tunal is affected by anthropogenic activities, such as the “straightening” and “rock reinforcement” of its channel, wastewater discharges, the presence of human settlements, and deforestation for pastures and agriculture (<a href="#app1-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-app">Figure S6</a>). In addition, its water has been diverted for irrigation since 1968, when the Guadalupe Victoria Dam was built. The river is maintained by groundwater outcrops in some places, but in the lower part, it receives wastewater from the E-WTP, which has been diverted for irrigation since 2000, so there are areas with zero flow most of the year.</div><div class='html-p'>Regarding site 3 (<a href="#app1-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-app">Figure S3</a>), it was found that months with zero flow have been recorded. This has been happening since 2000, according to the historical records provided by CNA and other works [<a href="#B21-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">21</a>], where it is indicated that this type of event occurs for up to three consecutive months. This year coincides with the beginning of the distribution of water from the E-WTP to the farmers, indicating that if the water from the E-WTP reached this point, and now it does not, then the intermediate sites, 1 and 2, were affected by the lack of water, as was the entire riparian forest in general along this route.</div><div class='html-p'>The Poanas River, where sites 4 and 5 are located, is in the municipality of Nombre de Dios, the furthest from the city of Durango, which explains its characteristics as the best preserved site. This river is not only fed by runoff water, but also by underground water outcrops that have been affected because the springs that fed them have dried up, as in site 4, where 4 hectares of sabinos have been lost in the space of a year. The greatest risk of this is that there are other places that are fed in the same way and are in danger of drying up, such as the Barranca de San Quintín (<a href="#app1-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-app">Figure S7</a>).</div><div class='html-p'>The degradation of riparian forests is due to the lack of recognition of the environmental services they provide, which has led to a lack of attention paid to the degradation of the riverbeds. As a result, rivers that have had water for hundreds of years are now without water for most of the year, which has led to the presence of dead sabinos with ages ranging from 200 to 400 years [<a href="#B32-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">32</a>]. This paper describes five sites, but there may be more.</div><div class='html-p'>The above issue was addressed by the WWF in 2012, when determining the ecological flow [<a href="#B34-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">34</a>], which is the minimum amount of water necessary to maintain the riparian ecosystem in operation. The first national decree was made in 2014, for the state of Durango for the San Pedro Mezquital basin [<a href="#B35-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">35</a>], which considers the rivers as other users of the water for dams. However, the way to channel this water to the rivers has not yet been established, so it has not been effective in all these years, and there continues to be zero flow in the riverbeds (<a href="#app1-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-app">Figure S3</a>).</div><div class='html-p'>To address this issue, academics have developed a series of actions aimed at supporting communities in the management of their natural resources. These actions include the implementation of projects in collaboration with governmental entities and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), such as the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and the COCYTED 824 [<a href="#B36-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">36</a>] and PRONACES Agua 3189562 (CONAHCYT) [<a href="#B37-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">37</a>] projects.</div></section><section id='sec5dot2-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h4 class='html-italic' data-nested='2'> 5.2. Seedling Survival</h4><div class='html-p'>In the state of Durango, Mexico, 95% of wastewater treatment plants discharge their water into the rivers of the area. This has been shown to cause undesirable changes in trophic levels [<a href="#B4-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">4</a>]. In addition, these systems may become eutrophic due to the degradation of organic matter, and they may also receive runoff from agricultural areas [<a href="#B38-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">38</a>,<a href="#B39-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">39</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>The effluents used are statistically different according to the parameters studied, where those that can damage plants, the most are the electrical conductivity and the pH, both of which remained within the permissible limits.</div><div class='html-p'>The results obtained show that the seedlings survived and grew while in contact with the different qualities of water, except for the residual water from the HCF, which had the lowest pH of 5.6, due to its high contents of whey, solids, and salts [<a href="#B5-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">5</a>,<a href="#B34-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">34</a>]. According to NOM-001-SEMARNAT-2021 [<a href="#B28-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">28</a>], the lower limit is 5.0, while the FAO has established a value below 5.5. In both cases, this level in water is considered acidic, which can lead to acidified soils and cause serious problems if it reaches aquifers or surface waters [<a href="#B6-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">6</a>,<a href="#B35-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">35</a>]. When the pH is below 6.5 or above 9.0, growth reductions and respiratory problems in most fish are reported [<a href="#B7-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">7</a>,<a href="#B36-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">36</a>]. The highest pH was found in the BP sample (8.5); however, it is within the requirements of the standard (upper limit of 10).</div><div class='html-p'>The HCF seedlings showed severe dehydration problems. It is believed that the amount of salts present in the water affected the osmotic processes of the plants. The dehydration process occurs as follows: when the salt concentration in the irrigation water is higher than that of the root hair cells, the water in the plant is withdrawn and lost; these results are consistent with those of previous reports [<a href="#B8-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">8</a>,<a href="#B9-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">9</a>,<a href="#B37-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">37</a>,<a href="#B38-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">38</a>]. Salinization has been identified as a determining factor in the degradation of agricultural soils and affects plants; their productivity is significantly reduced when this type of soil is cultivated [<a href="#B10-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">10</a>,<a href="#B39-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">39</a>].</div><div class='html-p'>The growth of all the seedlings was minimal over the 21 days, which is completely different from the information found in the literature on sabinos. Aguilera 2001 [<a href="#B11-sustainability-16-10248" class="html-bibr">11</a>] indicated that they can grow up to 70 cm in height in eight months at the juvenile stage. The difference may be related to the growth conditions, since sabinos in their natural habitat have fewer limitations to grow, unlike the individuals used in this experiment, where the support was only gravel, and they had limited nutrients and lacked soil.</div></section></section><section id='sec6-sustainability-16-10248' type='conclusions'><h2 data-nested='1'> 6. Conclusions</h2><div class='html-p'>This study describes five sites, ranging in size from 0.2 to 4 hectares, where dead sabinos have been found. The evidence suggests that the most probable causes are human-induced disturbances and the lack of water. The sites have been affected either directly by the diversion of the channel or indirectly by modifications to the natural flow, which were made to meet human needs without consideration of the environmental impact. The optimal ecological flow was determined, yet this has not been implemented.</div><div class='html-p'>The diverse qualities of water to which the sabino seedlings were subjected did not result in mortality, suggesting that the mature trees are unlikely to suffer the same fate due to fluctuations in the quality of water they receive.</div><div class='html-p'>In conclusion, it is imperative that the relevant authorities and the public address the issue of the sabino forest through diagnostic studies that will allow for the development of effective strategies for its conservation and restoration. Fortunately, there are already initiatives being carried out in this direction that have provided resources for this purpose. However, it is crucial to disseminate this information among the population and ensure that it has a real impact on the decisions of the authorities.</div><div class='html-p'>It is also imperative to engage the local population in the conservation of these ecosystems. This entails educating them about the significance of these ecosystems and encouraging their involvement in monitoring and managing them. Furthermore, it is vital to ensure the effective implementation of ecological flow. This will require sustained and collective action to safeguard this invaluable natural heritage for future generations.</div></section> </div> <div class="html-back"> <section><section id='app1-sustainability-16-10248' type=''><h2 data-nested='1'> Supplementary Materials</h2><div class='html-p'>The following supporting information can be downloaded at: <a href='https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/su162310248/s1' target='_blank' rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/su162310248/s1</a>.</div></section></section><section class='html-notes'><h2 >Author Contributions</h2><div class='html-p'>Conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis<tt>,</tt> funding acquisition, supervision, visualization, writing review and editing, M.E.P.-L.; investigation, M.E.O.-O.; validation and review, F.R.-C.; investigation, project administration, A.E.A.-O.; writing—original draft, A.L.-S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.</div></section><section class='html-notes'><h2>Funding</h2><div class='html-p'>This work was financially supported by COCYTED, Durango, Mexico; (Council of Science and Technology of the State of Durango), through project 824 and by the Mexican Science and Technology Council (CONAHCYT) with the Project PRONACE WATER, PRONAII Clave 318956, entitled “Ecohydrology for the sustainability and governance of water and basins for the common good”.</div></section><section class='html-notes'><h2 >Institutional Review Board Statement</h2><div class='html-p'>Not applicable.</div></section><section class='html-notes'><h2 >Informed Consent Statement</h2><div class='html-p'>Not applicable.</div></section><section class='html-notes'><h2 >Data Availability Statement</h2><div class='html-p'>The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.</div></section><section id='html-ack' class='html-ack'><h2 >Acknowledgments</h2><div class='html-p'>Lic Saharai Rodriguez-Perez, for the creation of the graphic art and Rodrigo Hernandez-Juarez for the map of the San Pedro Mezquital watershed.</div></section><section class='html-notes'><h2 >Conflicts of Interest</h2><div class='html-p'>The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</div></section><section id='html-references_list'><h2>References</h2><ol class='html-xx'><li id='B1-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-x' data-content='1.'>Milo, A. The history of the ahuehuete, the iconic Mexican national tree of ‘La Noche Triste’. <span class='html-italic'>Natl. Geogr. Español</span> <b>2022</b>. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+history+of+the+ahuehuete,+the+iconic+Mexican+national+tree+of+%E2%80%98La+Noche+Triste%E2%80%99&author=Milo,+A.&publication_year=2022&journal=Natl.+Geogr.+Espa%C3%B1ol" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B2-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-x' data-content='2.'>Sarmiento, M. Ahuehuetes, the Old Men of the Water. 2022. Available online: <a href="https://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/ahuehuetes-los-viejos-del-agua.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/ahuehuetes-los-viejos-del-agua.html</a> (accessed on 1 February 2024).</li><li id='B3-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-x' data-content='3.'>Díaz, J.V.; Stahle, D.W.; Paredes, J.C.; Ávalos, J.E.; García, V.C. Hydrological response of Sabino (<span class='html-italic'>Taxodium mucronatum</span> Ten.) in gallery forests of the San Pedro Mezquital River, Durango. <span class='html-italic'>Rev. Mex. Cienc. For.</span> <b>2013</b>, <span class='html-italic'>4</span>, 9–19. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Hydrological+response+of+Sabino+(Taxodium+mucronatum+Ten.)+in+gallery+forests+of+the+San+Pedro+Mezquital+River,+Durango&author=D%C3%ADaz,+J.V.&author=Stahle,+D.W.&author=Paredes,+J.C.&author=%C3%81valos,+J.E.&author=Garc%C3%ADa,+V.C.&publication_year=2013&journal=Rev.+Mex.+Cienc.+For.&volume=4&pages=9%E2%80%9319" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B4-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-x' data-content='4.'>Rzedowski, J. <span class='html-italic'>Vegetación de México</span>; Editorial Limusa S.A.: Mexico City, Mexico, 2006. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Vegetaci%C3%B3n+de+M%C3%A9xico&author=Rzedowski,+J.&publication_year=2006" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B5-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-x' data-content='5.'>Peña, E.G.E.; Azpiri, H.S.; Barrera, G.M. Viability and germination of <span class='html-italic'>Taxodium mucronatum</span> (Ten.) seeds in the state of Querétaro, Mexico. <span class='html-italic'>Agrociencia</span> <b>2004</b>, <span class='html-italic'>38</span>, 375–381. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Viability+and+germination+of+Taxodium+mucronatum+(Ten.)+seeds+in+the+state+of+Quer%C3%A9taro,+Mexico&author=Pe%C3%B1a,+E.G.E.&author=Azpiri,+H.S.&author=Barrera,+G.M.&publication_year=2004&journal=Agrociencia&volume=38&pages=375%E2%80%93381" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B6-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-x' data-content='6.'>Cortés-Arroyo, A.R.; Domínguez-Ramírez, A.M.; Gómez-Hernández, M.; López, J.R.M.; Hurtado, M.; de la Peña, M.H.Y.; Ló-pez-Muñoz, F.J. Antispasmodic and bronchodilator activities of <span class='html-italic'>Taxodium mucronatum</span> Ten. leaf extract. <span class='html-italic'>Afr. J. Biotechnol.</span> <b>2011</b>, <span class='html-italic'>10</span>, 54–64. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Antispasmodic+and+bronchodilator+activities+of+Taxodium+mucronatum+Ten.+leaf+extract&author=Cort%C3%A9s-Arroyo,+A.R.&author=Dom%C3%ADnguez-Ram%C3%ADrez,+A.M.&author=G%C3%B3mez-Hern%C3%A1ndez,+M.&author=L%C3%B3pez,+J.R.M.&author=Hurtado,+M.&author=de+la+Pe%C3%B1a,+M.H.Y.&author=L%C3%B3-pez-Mu%C3%B1oz,+F.J.&publication_year=2011&journal=Afr.+J.+Biotechnol.&volume=10&pages=54%E2%80%9364" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B7-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-x' data-content='7.'>Luján-Hidalgo, M.C.; Gutiérrez-Miceli, F.A.; Ventura-Canseco, L.M.C.; Dendooven, L.; Mendoza-López, M.R.; Cruz-Sánchez, S.; García-Barradas, O.; Abud-Archila, M. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of <span class='html-italic'>Bursera graveolens</span> and <span class='html-italic'>Taxodium mucronatum</span> essential oils from Chiapas, México. <span class='html-italic'>Gayana Bot.</span> <b>2012</b>, <span class='html-italic'>69</span>, 7–14. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Chemical+composition+and+antimicrobial+activity+of+Bursera+graveolens+and+Taxodium+mucronatum+essential+oils+from+Chiapas,+M%C3%A9xico&author=Luj%C3%A1n-Hidalgo,+M.C.&author=Guti%C3%A9rrez-Miceli,+F.A.&author=Ventura-Canseco,+L.M.C.&author=Dendooven,+L.&author=Mendoza-L%C3%B3pez,+M.R.&author=Cruz-S%C3%A1nchez,+S.&author=Garc%C3%ADa-Barradas,+O.&author=Abud-Archila,+M.&publication_year=2012&journal=Gayana+Bot.&volume=69&pages=7%E2%80%9314" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B8-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-x' data-content='8.'>Correa-Díaz, A.; Gómez-Guerrero, A.; Villanueva-Díaz, J.; Castruita-Esparza, L.U.; Martínez-Trinidad, T.; Cervantes-Martínez, R. Dendroclimatic analysis of ahuehuete (<span class='html-italic'>Taxodium mucronatum</span> Ten.) in Central Mexico. <span class='html-italic'>Agrociencia</span> <b>2014</b>, <span class='html-italic'>48</span>, 537–551. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Dendroclimatic+analysis+of+ahuehuete+(Taxodium+mucronatum+Ten.)+in+Central+Mexico&author=Correa-D%C3%ADaz,+A.&author=G%C3%B3mez-Guerrero,+A.&author=Villanueva-D%C3%ADaz,+J.&author=Castruita-Esparza,+L.U.&author=Mart%C3%ADnez-Trinidad,+T.&author=Cervantes-Mart%C3%ADnez,+R.&publication_year=2014&journal=Agrociencia&volume=48&pages=537%E2%80%93551" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B9-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-x' data-content='9.'>Nahuelhual, L.; Donoso, P.; Lara, A.; Nuñez, D.; Oyarzun, C.; Neira, E. Valuing ecosystem services of chilean temperate rainforests. <span class='html-italic'>Environ. Dev. Sustain.</span> <b>2007</b>, <span class='html-italic'>9</span>, 481–499. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Valuing+ecosystem+services+of+chilean+temperate+rainforests&author=Nahuelhual,+L.&author=Donoso,+P.&author=Lara,+A.&author=Nu%C3%B1ez,+D.&author=Oyarzun,+C.&author=Neira,+E.&publication_year=2007&journal=Environ.+Dev.+Sustain.&volume=9&pages=481%E2%80%93499&doi=10.1007/s10668-006-9033-8" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-006-9033-8" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B10-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='10.'>Suzán-Azpiri, H.; Enríquez-Peña, G.; Malda-Barrera, G. Population structure of the Mexican baldcypress (<span class='html-italic'>Taxodium mucronatum</span> Ten.) in Queretaro, Mexico. <span class='html-italic'>For. Ecol. Manag.</span> <b>2007</b>, <span class='html-italic'>242</span>, 243–249. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Population+structure+of+the+Mexican+baldcypress+(Taxodium+mucronatum+Ten.)+in+Queretaro,+Mexico&author=Suz%C3%A1n-Azpiri,+H.&author=Enr%C3%ADquez-Pe%C3%B1a,+G.&author=Malda-Barrera,+G.&publication_year=2007&journal=For.+Ecol.+Manag.&volume=242&pages=243%E2%80%93249&doi=10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.041" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.041" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B11-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='11.'>Villanueva-Díaz, J.; Stahle, D.W.; Therrell, M.D.; Beramendi-Orosco, L.; Estrada-Ávalos, J.; Martínez-Sifuentes, A.R.; Astudillo-Sánchez, C.C.; Cervantes-Martínez, R.; Cerano-Paredes, J. The climatic response of baldcypress (<span class='html-italic'>Taxodium mucronatum</span> Ten.) in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. <span class='html-italic'>Trees</span> <b>2020</b>, <span class='html-italic'>34</span>, 623–635. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The+climatic+response+of+baldcypress+(Taxodium+mucronatum+Ten.)+in+San+Luis+Potosi,+Mexico&author=Villanueva-D%C3%ADaz,+J.&author=Stahle,+D.W.&author=Therrell,+M.D.&author=Beramendi-Orosco,+L.&author=Estrada-%C3%81valos,+J.&author=Mart%C3%ADnez-Sifuentes,+A.R.&author=Astudillo-S%C3%A1nchez,+C.C.&author=Cervantes-Mart%C3%ADnez,+R.&author=Cerano-Paredes,+J.&publication_year=2020&journal=Trees&volume=34&pages=623%E2%80%93635&doi=10.1007/s00468-019-01944-0" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-019-01944-0" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B12-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='12.'>Martínez-Sifuentes, A.R.; Villanueva-Díaz, J.; Crisantos-De La Rosa, E.; Stahle, D. Current and future modeling of the habitat suitability of the ahuehuete (Ten.): A proposal for conservation in Mexico. <span class='html-italic'>Bot. Sci.</span> <b>2021</b>, <span class='html-italic'>99</span>, 752–770. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Current+and+future+modeling+of+the+habitat+suitability+of+the+ahuehuete+(Ten.):+A+proposal+for+conservation+in+Mexico&author=Mart%C3%ADnez-Sifuentes,+A.R.&author=Villanueva-D%C3%ADaz,+J.&author=Crisantos-De+La+Rosa,+E.&author=Stahle,+D.&publication_year=2021&journal=Bot.+Sci.&volume=99&pages=752%E2%80%93770&doi=10.17129/botsci.2772" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2772" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B13-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='13.'>Patten, D.T. Riparian ecosytems of semi-arid North America: Diversity and human impacts. <span class='html-italic'>Wetlands</span> <b>1998</b>, <span class='html-italic'>18</span>, 498–512. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Riparian+ecosytems+of+semi-arid+North+America:+Diversity+and+human+impacts&author=Patten,+D.T.&publication_year=1998&journal=Wetlands&volume=18&pages=498%E2%80%93512&doi=10.1007/BF03161668" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161668" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B14-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='14.'>WWF. The San Pedro Mezquital River, the Great Unknown. 2012. Available online: <a href="https://wwflac.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/san_pedro_mezquital_2012.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://wwflac.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/san_pedro_mezquital_2012.pdf</a> (accessed on 1 December 2023).</li><li id='B15-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='15.'>Villanueva, J.; Cerano, J.; Stahle, D.; Constante, V.; Vázquez, l.; Estrada, J.; Benavides, J. Long-lived trees of Mexico. <span class='html-italic'>Rev. Mex. Cienc. For.</span> <b>2010</b>, <span class='html-italic'>1</span>, 95–145. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Long-lived+trees+of+Mexico&author=Villanueva,+J.&author=Cerano,+J.&author=Stahle,+D.&author=Constante,+V.&author=V%C3%A1zquez,+l.&author=Estrada,+J.&author=Benavides,+J.&publication_year=2010&journal=Rev.+Mex.+Cienc.+For.&volume=1&pages=95%E2%80%93145" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B16-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='16.'>WWF. The San Pedro Mezquital River Basin. Technical Data. 2024. Available online: <a href="https://wwflac.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/fichatecnica_sanpedromezquital.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://wwflac.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/fichatecnica_sanpedromezquital.pdf</a> (accessed on 1 January 2024).</li><li id='B17-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='17.'>Lifeder. Ahuehuete. 2022. Available online: <a href="https://www.lifeder.com/ciclo-vida-ahuehuete/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.lifeder.com/ciclo-vida-ahuehuete/</a> (accessed on 26 June 2024).</li><li id='B18-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='18.'>WWF. DECREE Abrogating the Agreements Indicated and Establishing the Water Reserve in the Hydrological Basins Indicated. 2024. Available online: <a href="https://www.wwf.org.mx/que_hacemos/programas/programa_agua/san_pedro_mezquital/spm_la_cuenca/cuencas_altas_y_media/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.wwf.org.mx/que_hacemos/programas/programa_agua/san_pedro_mezquital/spm_la_cuenca/cuencas_altas_y_media/</a> (accessed on 1 February 2024).</li><li id='B19-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='19.'>Hydrological Information System (SIH). 2019. Available online: <a href="http://hpiph.org/Hydrology%20Project-II/hisc.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://hpiph.org/Hydrology%20Project-II/hisc.htm</a> (accessed on 26 June 2024).</li><li id='B20-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='20.'>Pérez-López, M.E.; Almonte-G, O.A.; Vicencio-de la Rosa, M.G.; Valencia-Vazquez, R.; Martínez-Prado, M.A.; Teutli-León, M.M.M. Evaluation of domestic wastewater treatment plants in the municipality of Durango. In Proceedings of the XIII Congreso Internacional y XIX Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Ambientales, Acapulco, Mexico, 11–13 June 2014; ISBN 978-607-9232-19-21. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Evaluation+of+domestic+wastewater+treatment+plants+in+the+municipality+of+Durango&conference=Proceedings+of+the+XIII+Congreso+Internacional+y+XIX+Congreso+Nacional+de+Ciencias+Ambientales&author=P%C3%A9rez-L%C3%B3pez,+M.E.&author=Almonte-G,+O.A.&author=Vicencio-de+la+Rosa,+M.G.&author=Valencia-Vazquez,+R.&author=Mart%C3%ADnez-Prado,+M.A.&author=Teutli-Le%C3%B3n,+M.M.M.&publication_year=2014" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B21-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='21.'>García, R.G. Evaluation of water quality changes for aquatic life in El Saltito, Nombre de Dios, Durango. Instituto Politécnico Nacional (National Polytechnic Institute Interdisciplinary Research Center for Regional Integral Development Durango Unit), Durango Dgo. 2011. Available online: <a href="http://www.repositoriodigital.ipn.mx/handle/123456789/12684" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://www.repositoriodigital.ipn.mx/handle/123456789/12684</a> (accessed on 1 May 2024).</li><li id='B22-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='22.'>CAED. <span class='html-italic'>Coverage and Efficiency Rates of Potable Water, Sewage and Sanitation in the State of Durango</span>; CAED: Durango, Mexico, 2020; pp. 15–35. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Coverage+and+Efficiency+Rates+of+Potable+Water,+Sewage+and+Sanitation+in+the+State+of+Durango&author=CAED&publication_year=2020" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B23-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='23.'>Pérez-López, M.E.; González, M.S.; Lopez-Gonzalez, C.; Martínez-Prado, A.; Cuevas-Rodríguez, G. Aquatic macrophytes tolerance to domestic wastewater and their efficiency in artificial wetlands under greenhouse conditions. <span class='html-italic'>Hidrobiológica</span> <b>2009</b>, <span class='html-italic'>19</span>, 233–244. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Aquatic+macrophytes+tolerance+to+domestic+wastewater+and+their+efficiency+in+artificial+wetlands+under+greenhouse+conditions&author=P%C3%A9rez-L%C3%B3pez,+M.E.&author=Gonz%C3%A1lez,+M.S.&author=Lopez-Gonzalez,+C.&author=Mart%C3%ADnez-Prado,+A.&author=Cuevas-Rodr%C3%ADguez,+G.&publication_year=2009&journal=Hidrobiol%C3%B3gica&volume=19&pages=233%E2%80%93244" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B24-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='24.'>NMX-AA-034-SCFI-2015; Análisis de Agua-Medición de Sólidos y Sales Disueltas en Aguas Naturales, Residuales y Residuales Tratadas-Método de Prueba. 2015. Available online: <a href="https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/166146/nmx-aa-034-scfi-2015.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/166146/nmx-aa-034-scfi-2015.pdf</a> (accessed on 1 February 2023).</li><li id='B25-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='25.'>NMX-AA-042-SCFI-2015; Determinación del Número Más Probable (NMP) de Coliformes Totales, Coliformes Fecales (Termotolerantes) y Escherichia Coli. 2015. Available online: <a href="https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/166147/nmx-aa-042-scfi-2015.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/166147/nmx-aa-042-scfi-2015.pdf</a> (accessed on 1 February 2023).</li><li id='B26-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='26.'>Statistica 7.0; 2004. TIBCO Software Inc. Available online: <a href="https://statistica.software.informer.com/7.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://statistica.software.informer.com/7.0/</a> (accessed on 1 May 2024).</li><li id='B27-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='27.'>NOM-001-SEMARNAT-2021; Establece los Límites Máximos Permisibles de Contaminantes en las Descargas de Aguas Residuales en Aguas y Bienes Nacionales. 2022. Available online: <a href="https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5645374&fecha=11/03/2022#gsc.tab=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5645374&fecha=11/03/2022#gsc.tab=0</a> (accessed on 1 February 2023).</li><li id='B28-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='28.'>Aviña-Jiménez, F.A. <span class='html-italic'>Evaluation of the Distribution of the Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii in the Upper San Pedro River Basin, as a Basis for Establishing a Management Strategy</span>; Instituto Politécnico Nacional (National Polytechnic Institute Interdisciplinary Research Center for Regional Integral Development Durango Unit): Durango, Mexico, 2024. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Evaluation+of+the+Distribution+of+the+Crayfish+Procambarus+Clarkii+in+the+Upper+San+Pedro+River+Basin,+as+a+Basis+for+Establishing+a+Management+Strategy&author=Avi%C3%B1a-Jim%C3%A9nez,+F.A.&publication_year=2024" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B29-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='29.'>Rodríguez-Téllez, E.; Domínguez-Calleros, P.A.; Pompa-García, M.; Quiroz-Arratia, J.A.; Pérez-López, M.E. Quality of the riparian forest of the El Tunal river, Durango, Mexico, using the QBR index. <span class='html-italic'>Gayana Botánica</span> <b>2012</b>, <span class='html-italic'>69</span>, 147–151. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Quality+of+the+riparian+forest+of+the+El+Tunal+river,+Durango,+Mexico,+using+the+QBR+index&author=Rodr%C3%ADguez-T%C3%A9llez,+E.&author=Dom%C3%ADnguez-Calleros,+P.A.&author=Pompa-Garc%C3%ADa,+M.&author=Quiroz-Arratia,+J.A.&author=P%C3%A9rez-L%C3%B3pez,+M.E.&publication_year=2012&journal=Gayana+Bot%C3%A1nica&volume=69&pages=147%E2%80%93151&doi=10.4067/S0717-66432012000100014" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432012000100014" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B30-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='30.'><span class='html-italic'>NOM-001-SEMARNAT-2021</span>; Establishes the Permissible Limits of Pollutants in Wastewater Discharges into Receiving Bodies Owned by the Nation. Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales: Mexico City, Mexico, 2022; p. 16.</li><li id='B31-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='31.'>James, D.W.; Hank, R.J.; Jurinak, J.J. <span class='html-italic'>Modern Irrigated Soils</span>; John Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1982. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Modern+Irrigated+Soils&author=James,+D.W.&author=Hank,+R.J.&author=Jurinak,+J.J.&publication_year=1982" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479700012850" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B32-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='32.'>Villanueva-Díaz, J.; Cerano-Paredes, J.; Constante-García, V.; Stahle, D.W.; Martínez Sifuentes, A.; Durán Guerra, O. <span class='html-italic'>Dynamics of Sabino (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.) Populations in the San Pedro Mezquital River</span>, 1st ed.; INIFAP: Gomez Palacio, Mexico, 2013; Volume 1a, p. 36. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Dynamics+of+Sabino+(Taxodium+mucronatum+Ten.)+Populations+in+the+San+Pedro+Mezquital+River&author=Villanueva-D%C3%ADaz,+J.&author=Cerano-Paredes,+J.&author=Constante-Garc%C3%ADa,+V.&author=Stahle,+D.W.&author=Mart%C3%ADnez+Sifuentes,+A.&author=Dur%C3%A1n+Guerra,+O.&publication_year=2013" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B33-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='33.'>Rodriguez-Tellez, E.; Garcia-de-Jalon, D.; Perez-Lopez, M.E.; Torres-Herrera, S.I.; Ortiz-Carrasco, R.; Pompa-Garcia, M.; Morales-Montes, M.; García-García, D.A.; Zamudio-Castillo, E. Characterization of the ecological quality of the gallery forest of the river La Sauceda, Durango, Mexico. <span class='html-italic'>Hidrobiológica</span> <b>2016</b>, <span class='html-italic'>26</span>, 27–32. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Characterization+of+the+ecological+quality+of+the+gallery+forest+of+the+river+La+Sauceda,+Durango,+Mexico&author=Rodriguez-Tellez,+E.&author=Garcia-de-Jalon,+D.&author=Perez-Lopez,+M.E.&author=Torres-Herrera,+S.I.&author=Ortiz-Carrasco,+R.&author=Pompa-Garcia,+M.&author=Morales-Montes,+M.&author=Garc%C3%ADa-Garc%C3%ADa,+D.A.&author=Zamudio-Castillo,+E.&publication_year=2016&journal=Hidrobiol%C3%B3gica&volume=26&pages=27%E2%80%9332&doi=10.24275/uam/izt/dcbs/hidro/2016v26n1/Rodriguez" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.24275/uam/izt/dcbs/hidro/2016v26n1/Rodriguez" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B34-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='34.'>DOF.2012.NMX-AA-159-SCFI-2012; That Establishes the Procedure for Environmental Flow Determination in Hydrological Basin. 2012. Available online: <a href="https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/166834/NMX-AA-159-SCFI-2012.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/166834/NMX-AA-159-SCFI-2012.pdf</a> (accessed on 1 June 2024).</li><li id='B35-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='35.'>DOF. DECREE Abrogating the Agreements Indicated and Establishing the Water Reserve in the Hydrological Basins Indicated. 2014. Available online: <a href="https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5360310&fecha=15/09/2014#gsc.tab=0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5360310&fecha=15/09/2014#gsc.tab=0</a> (accessed on 26 June 2024).</li><li id='B36-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='36.'>Perez-López, M.E.; Aguilar-Avalos, M.C. <span class='html-italic'>Integrated Water Management Plan for the San Quintín Ravine in Durango, Dgo. Mexico to Restore and Maintain Its Ecosystem Services</span>; Science and Technology Council of the State of Durango (COCYTED): Durango, Mexico, 2024. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Integrated+Water+Management+Plan+for+the+San+Quint%C3%ADn+Ravine+in+Durango,+Dgo.+Mexico+to+Restore+and+Maintain+Its+Ecosystem+Services&author=Perez-L%C3%B3pez,+M.E.&author=Aguilar-Avalos,+M.C.&publication_year=2024" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>]</li><li id='B37-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='37.'>Pineda-López, R.; Barba-Macias, E.; Martinez-Rivera, L.M.; Moreno-Casasola, P.; Pérez-López, M.E. <span class='html-italic'>Ecohydrology for Sustainability and Governance of Water and Watersheds for the Common Good</span>; National Council of Sciences, Humanities and Technology (Conahcyt): Mexico City, Mexico, 2024.</li><li id='B38-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='38.'>López, M.E.P.; Sanchez-Martinez, M.G.; de la Rosa, M.G.V.; Leon, M.T. Eutrophication levels through San Pedro Mezquital river basin. <span class='html-italic'>J. Environ. Prot.</span> <b>2013</b>, <span class='html-italic'>4</span>, 45–50. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Eutrophication+levels+through+San+Pedro+Mezquital+river+basin&author=L%C3%B3pez,+M.E.P.&author=Sanchez-Martinez,+M.G.&author=de+la+Rosa,+M.G.V.&author=Leon,+M.T.&publication_year=2013&journal=J.+Environ.+Prot.&volume=4&pages=45%E2%80%9350&doi=10.4236/jep.2013.411A006" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.411A006" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li><li id='B39-sustainability-16-10248' class='html-xx' data-content='39.'>Oluwaseun-Akinnawo, S. Eutrophication: Causes, consequences, physical, chemical and biological techniques for mitigation strategies. <span class='html-italic'>Environ. Chall.</span> <b>2023</b>, <span class='html-italic'>12</span>, 100733. [<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Eutrophication:+Causes,+consequences,+physical,+chemical+and+biological+techniques+for+mitigation+strategies&author=Oluwaseun-Akinnawo,+S.&publication_year=2023&journal=Environ.+Chall.&volume=12&pages=100733&doi=10.1016/j.envc.2023.100733" class='google-scholar' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>Google Scholar</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2023.100733" class='cross-ref' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'>CrossRef</a>]</li></ol></section><section id='FiguresandTables' type='display-objects'><div class="html-fig-wrap" id="sustainability-16-10248-f001"> <div class='html-fig_img'> <div class="html-figpopup html-figpopup-link" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f001"> <img data-large="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g001.png" data-original="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g001.png" alt="Sustainability 16 10248 g001" data-lsrc="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g001-550.jpg" /> <a class="html-expand html-figpopup" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f001"></a> </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_description"> <b>Figure 1.</b> Main water currents of the San Pedro–Mezquital basin.  </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_show mfp-hide" id="fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f001"> <div class="html-caption"> <b>Figure 1.</b> Main water currents of the San Pedro–Mezquital basin.</div> <div class="html-img"><img data-large="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g001.png" data-original="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g001.png" alt="Sustainability 16 10248 g001" data-lsrc="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g001.png" /></div> </div> <div class="html-fig-wrap" id="sustainability-16-10248-f002"> <div class='html-fig_img'> <div class="html-figpopup html-figpopup-link" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f002"> <img data-large="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g002.png" data-original="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g002.png" alt="Sustainability 16 10248 g002" data-lsrc="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g002-550.jpg" /> <a class="html-expand html-figpopup" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f002"></a> </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_description"> <b>Figure 2.</b> Containers used to determine the tolerance of seedlings to water quality changes. Each one contained three individuals.  </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_show mfp-hide" id="fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f002"> <div class="html-caption"> <b>Figure 2.</b> Containers used to determine the tolerance of seedlings to water quality changes. Each one contained three individuals.</div> <div class="html-img"><img data-large="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g002.png" data-original="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g002.png" alt="Sustainability 16 10248 g002" data-lsrc="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g002.png" /></div> </div> <div class="html-fig-wrap" id="sustainability-16-10248-f003"> <div class='html-fig_img'> <div class="html-figpopup html-figpopup-link" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f003"> <img data-large="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g003.png" data-original="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g003.png" alt="Sustainability 16 10248 g003" data-lsrc="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g003-550.jpg" /> <a class="html-expand html-figpopup" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f003"></a> </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_description"> <b>Figure 3.</b> Distribution of sabino seedling survival tests to water quality types.  </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_show mfp-hide" id="fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f003"> <div class="html-caption"> <b>Figure 3.</b> Distribution of sabino seedling survival tests to water quality types.</div> <div class="html-img"><img data-large="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g003.png" data-original="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g003.png" alt="Sustainability 16 10248 g003" data-lsrc="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g003.png" /></div> </div> <div class="html-fig-wrap" id="sustainability-16-10248-f004"> <div class='html-fig_img'> <div class="html-figpopup html-figpopup-link" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f004"> <img data-large="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g004.png" data-original="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g004.png" alt="Sustainability 16 10248 g004" data-lsrc="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g004-550.jpg" /> <a class="html-expand html-figpopup" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f004"></a> </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_description"> <b>Figure 4.</b> The location of the gallery forest is made up of sabino trees.  </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_show mfp-hide" id="fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f004"> <div class="html-caption"> <b>Figure 4.</b> The location of the gallery forest is made up of sabino trees.</div> <div class="html-img"><img data-large="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g004.png" data-original="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g004.png" alt="Sustainability 16 10248 g004" data-lsrc="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g004.png" /></div> </div> <div class="html-fig-wrap" id="sustainability-16-10248-f005"> <div class='html-fig_img'> <div class="html-figpopup html-figpopup-link" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f005"> <img data-large="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g005.png" data-original="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g005.png" alt="Sustainability 16 10248 g005" data-lsrc="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g005-550.jpg" /> <a class="html-expand html-figpopup" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f005"></a> </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_description"> <b>Figure 5.</b> Percentages of TVS removal. The same letters indicate statistically equal values (α = 0.05).  </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_show mfp-hide" id="fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f005"> <div class="html-caption"> <b>Figure 5.</b> Percentages of TVS removal. The same letters indicate statistically equal values (α = 0.05).</div> <div class="html-img"><img data-large="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g005.png" data-original="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g005.png" alt="Sustainability 16 10248 g005" data-lsrc="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g005.png" /></div> </div> <div class="html-fig-wrap" id="sustainability-16-10248-f006"> <div class='html-fig_img'> <div class="html-figpopup html-figpopup-link" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f006"> <img data-large="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g006.png" data-original="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g006.png" alt="Sustainability 16 10248 g006" data-lsrc="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g006-550.jpg" /> <a class="html-expand html-figpopup" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f006"></a> </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_description"> <b>Figure 6.</b> Changes in seedling height; differences were not statistically significant (α = 0.05).  </div> </div> <div class="html-fig_show mfp-hide" id="fig_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-f006"> <div class="html-caption"> <b>Figure 6.</b> Changes in seedling height; differences were not statistically significant (α = 0.05).</div> <div class="html-img"><img data-large="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g006.png" data-original="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g006.png" alt="Sustainability 16 10248 g006" data-lsrc="/sustainability/sustainability-16-10248/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-16-10248-g006.png" /></div> </div> <div class="html-table-wrap" id="sustainability-16-10248-t001"> <div class="html-table_wrap_td"> <div class="html-tablepopup html-tablepopup-link" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href='#table_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-t001'> <img data-lsrc="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/table.png" /> <a class="html-expand html-tablepopup" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#table_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-t001"></a> </div> </div> <div class="html-table_wrap_discription"> <b>Table 1.</b> Sites with dead sabinos, identifying the possible causes. The locations can be found on Google Earth. </div> </div> <div class="html-table_show mfp-hide " id="table_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-t001"> <div class="html-caption"><b>Table 1.</b> Sites with dead sabinos, identifying the possible causes. The locations can be found on Google Earth.</div> <table > <thead ><tr ><th align='left' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >Site</th><th align='left' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >Coordinates</th><th align='left' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >AMSL *</th><th align='left' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >Damage in Ha</th><th align='left' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >Possible Cause</th><th align='left' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >Year It Dried Up</th><th align='left' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >Fuente</th></tr></thead><tbody ><tr ><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >1</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >24°02′01″ N 104°23′31″ W</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >1859</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >3.1</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >Change in the river’s course due to anthropogenic use</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >Before 2002</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >Image analysis and visits to sites </td></tr><tr ><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >2</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >24°2′32.41″ N 104°21′29.92″ W</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >1856</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >1</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >Dry spring and zero flow</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >2011</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >Image analysis and visits to selected sites, CNA’s hydrometric data</td></tr><tr ><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >3</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >23°56′50.39″ N 104°19′1.92″ W</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >1813</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >0.21</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >Zero flow, use of wastewater in irrigation</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >2000 and today</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >CNA’s hydrometric data</td></tr><tr ><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >4</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >23°54′32″ N <br>104°10′51″ W</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >1830</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >4</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >Dry spring and zero flow</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >2014</td><td align='left' valign='middle' class='html-align-left' >Image analysis and visits to selected sites</td></tr><tr ><td align='left' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >5</td><td align='left' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >23°54′0.09″ N<br>104°11′50″ W </td><td align='left' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >1830</td><td align='left' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >0.26</td><td align='left' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >Dry spring</td><td align='left' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >1970</td><td align='left' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-left' >Image analysis and visits to selected sites</td></tr></tbody> </table> <div class='html-table_foot html-p'><div class='html-p' style='text-indent:0em;'><span class='html-fn-content'>* Above mean sea level in meters.</span></div><div style='clear:both;'></div></div> </div> <div class="html-table-wrap" id="sustainability-16-10248-t002"> <div class="html-table_wrap_td"> <div class="html-tablepopup html-tablepopup-link" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href='#table_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-t002'> <img data-lsrc="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/table.png" /> <a class="html-expand html-tablepopup" data-counterslinkmanual = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/23/10248/display" href="#table_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-t002"></a> </div> </div> <div class="html-table_wrap_discription"> <b>Table 2.</b> Average (2 repetitions) of the parameters pH, EC, TS, TVS, and FCU. The same letter means that there is no statistical difference between the means (α = 0.05). </div> </div> <div class="html-table_show mfp-hide " id="table_body_display_sustainability-16-10248-t002"> <div class="html-caption"><b>Table 2.</b> Average (2 repetitions) of the parameters pH, EC, TS, TVS, and FCU. The same letter means that there is no statistical difference between the means (α = 0.05).</div> <table > <thead ><tr ><th rowspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Sample</th><th rowspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >pH</th><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >EC</th><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >TS</th><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >TVS</th><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/NH<sub>3</sub></th><th rowspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >log FCU/100 mL Water</th></tr><tr ><th align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >(µS/cm)</th><th colspan='3' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >mg/L</th></tr></thead><tbody ><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >NOM-001-SEMARNAT-2021</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >6–9</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >N. C.</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >N. C.</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >N. C.</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >N. C.</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >2.77</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >IEWTP Raw I</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >7.38 c</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >748 f</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >686 e</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >283 f</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >25</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >4.75</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >IEWTP Raw II</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >7.57 d</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >647 d</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >732 f</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >203 e</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >33</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >4.34</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >IEWTP Raw III</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >8.22 f</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >762 h</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >619 d</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >269 f</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >31</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >4.87</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >EEWTP Treated I</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >7.58 d</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >718 c</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >510 c</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >156 cd</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >22</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >2.69</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >EEWTP Treated II</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >7.26 b</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >731 b</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >485 c</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >180 ce</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >32</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >0.9</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >EEWTP Treated III</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >8.25 f</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >759 g</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >478 b</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >149 b</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >28</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >2.47</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >BP IV</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >8.50 g</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >1835 i</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >1542 g</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >360 g</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' > </td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >−3</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >HCF IV</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >5.60 a</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >3380 j</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >3302 h</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >1427 h</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' > </td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >4.61</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >SCB IV</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >7.57 d</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >746 e</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >511 c</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >175 ce</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' > </td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >3.14</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Control</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >7.80 e</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >467 a</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >378 a</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >116 a</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' > </td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >0</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >AVERAGE</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >8</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >1147</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >979</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >365</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >29</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >4.33</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >Maximum</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >8.4</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >3381</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >3302</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >1427</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >33</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >4.87</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >Minimum</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >5.6</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >646</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >378</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >117</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >22</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >0</td></tr><tr ><td rowspan='2' align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' >ANOVA results</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >F = 2770</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >F = 810,445</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >F = 1555</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >F = 187.5</td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' > </td><td align='center' valign='middle' class='html-align-center' >F = 2342</td></tr><tr ><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' ><span class='html-italic'>p</span> < 0.001</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' ><span class='html-italic'>p</span> < 0.001</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' ><span class='html-italic'>p</span> < 0.001</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' ><span class='html-italic'>p</span> < 0.001</td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' > </td><td align='center' valign='middle' style='border-bottom:solid thin' class='html-align-center' ><span class='html-italic'>p</span> < 0.001</td></tr></tbody> </table> <div class='html-table_foot html-p'><div class='html-p' style='text-indent:0em;'><span class='html-fn-content'>Notes: N. C. = not contemplated within the Mexican regulations but known to alter water quality.</span></div><div style='clear:both;'></div></div> </div> </section><section class='html-fn_group'><table><tr id=''><td></td><td><div class='html-p'><b>Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note:</b> The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.</div></td></tr></table></section> <section id="html-copyright"><br>© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>).</section> </div> </div> <div class="additional-content"> <h2><a name="cite"></a>Share and Cite</h2> <div class="social-media-links" style="text-align: left;"> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#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" title="Email"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=The+Premature+Mortality+of+Sabinos+or+Montezuma+Bald+Cypress+%28Taxodium+mucronatum+Ten.%29+in+the+State+of+Durango%2C+Mexico&hashtags=mdpisustainability&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F3055058&via=Sus_MDPI" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-twitter-x-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href=" http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F3055058&title=The%20Premature%20Mortality%20of%20Sabinos%20or%20Montezuma%20Bald%20Cypress%20%28Taxodium%20mucronatum%20Ten.%29%20in%20the%20State%20of%20Durango%2C%20Mexico%26source%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%26summary%3DThe%20juniper%20%28Taxodium%20mucronatum%20Ten.%20of%20the%20Cupressaceae%20family%29%20is%20a%20long-lived%20species%20that%20forms%20gallery%20forests.%20Dozens%20of%20dead%20junipers%20%3E%20100%20years%20old%20have%20been%20identified%20in%20the%20San%20Pedro%20Mezquital%20watershed%20in%20Durango%2C%20Mexico.%20This%20work%20%5B...%5D" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.mdpi.com/3055058" title="facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-facebook-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Wechat" data-reveal-id="weixin-share-modal"> <i class="fa fa-weixin-square" style="font-size: 26px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://www.mdpi.com/3055058" title="Reddit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-reddit-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://www.mdpi.com/3055058" title="Mendeley" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-mendeley-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> </div> <div class="in-tab" style="padding-top: 0px!important; margin-top: 15px;"> <div><b>MDPI and ACS Style</b></div> <p> Perez-Lopez, M.E.; Leal-Saenz, A.; Ortiz-Olivas, M.E.; Ramirez-Crescencio, F.; Arreola-Ortiz, A.E. The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico. <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>, 10248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310248 </p> <div style="display: block"> <b>AMA Style</b><br> <p> Perez-Lopez ME, Leal-Saenz A, Ortiz-Olivas ME, Ramirez-Crescencio F, Arreola-Ortiz AE. The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico. <em>Sustainability</em>. 2024; 16(23):10248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310248 </p> <b>Chicago/Turabian Style</b><br> <p> Perez-Lopez, Maria Elena, Alejandro Leal-Saenz, Maria Elena Ortiz-Olivas, Fermin Ramirez-Crescencio, and Ariana Elizabeth Arreola-Ortiz. 2024. "The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico" <em>Sustainability</em> 16, no. 23: 10248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310248 </p> <b>APA Style</b><br> <p> Perez-Lopez, M. E., Leal-Saenz, A., Ortiz-Olivas, M. E., Ramirez-Crescencio, F., & Arreola-Ortiz, A. E. (2024). The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico. <em>Sustainability</em>, <em>16</em>(23), 10248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310248 </p> </div> </div> <div class="info-box no-margin"> Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details <a target="_blank" href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/announcements/784">here</a>. </div> <h2><a name="metrics"></a>Article Metrics</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div id="loaded_cite_count" style="display:none">No</div> <div id="framed_div_cited_count" class="in-tab" style="display: none; overflow: auto;"></div> <div id="loaded" style="display:none">No</div> <div id="framed_div" class="in-tab" style="display: none; margin-top: 10px;"></div> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="info-box"> Article metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div id="supplementaryModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="Captcha" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-12 medium-12 small-12 columns"> <h2>Supplementary Material</h2> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="in-tab"> <ul style="margin:0; list-style: none; overflow: auto;"> <li><a name="supplementary_file1"></a><b>Supplementary File 1:</b> <p> <a href="/2071-1050/16/23/10248/s1?version=1732327058"> ZIP-Document </a> (ZIP, 2614 KiB) </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> </div></div> <div class="webpymol-controls webpymol-controls-template" style="margin-top: 10px; display: none;"> <a class="bzoom">Zoom</a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="borient"> Orient </a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="blines"> As Lines </a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="bsticks"> As Sticks </a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="bcartoon"> As Cartoon </a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="bsurface"> As Surface </a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="bprevscene">Previous Scene</a> <span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 5px;">|</span> <a class="bnextscene">Next Scene</a> </div> <div id="scifeed-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> </div> <div id="recommended-articles-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> </div> <div id="author-biographies-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> </div> <div id="cite-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="Captcha" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 style="margin: 0;">Cite</h2> </div> <div class="small-12 columns">  <form style="margin:0; padding:0; display:inline;" name="export-bibtex" method="POST" action="/export"> <input type="hidden" name="articles_ids[]" value="1527529"> <input type="hidden" name="export_format_top" value="bibtex"> <input type="hidden" name="export_submit_top" value=""> </form>  <form style="margin:0; padding:0; display:inline;" name="export-endnote" method="POST" action="/export"> <input type="hidden" name="articles_ids[]" value="1527529"> <input type="hidden" name="export_format_top" value="endnote_no_abstract"> <input type="hidden" name="export_submit_top" value=""> </form>  <form style="margin:0; padding:0; display:inline;" name="export-ris" method="POST" action="/export"> <input type="hidden" name="articles_ids[]" value="1527529"> <input type="hidden" name="export_format_top" value="ris"> <input type="hidden" name="export_submit_top" value=""> </form> <div> Export citation file: <a href="javascript:window.document.forms['export-bibtex'].submit()">BibTeX</a> | <a href="javascript:window.document.forms['export-endnote'].submit()">EndNote</a> | <a href="javascript:window.document.forms['export-ris'].submit()">RIS</a> </div> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="in-tab"> <div><b>MDPI and ACS Style</b></div> <p> Perez-Lopez, M.E.; Leal-Saenz, A.; Ortiz-Olivas, M.E.; Ramirez-Crescencio, F.; Arreola-Ortiz, A.E. The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico. <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>16</em>, 10248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310248 </p> <div style="display: block"> <b>AMA Style</b><br> <p> Perez-Lopez ME, Leal-Saenz A, Ortiz-Olivas ME, Ramirez-Crescencio F, Arreola-Ortiz AE. The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico. <em>Sustainability</em>. 2024; 16(23):10248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310248 </p> <b>Chicago/Turabian Style</b><br> <p> Perez-Lopez, Maria Elena, Alejandro Leal-Saenz, Maria Elena Ortiz-Olivas, Fermin Ramirez-Crescencio, and Ariana Elizabeth Arreola-Ortiz. 2024. "The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico" <em>Sustainability</em> 16, no. 23: 10248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310248 </p> <b>APA Style</b><br> <p> Perez-Lopez, M. E., Leal-Saenz, A., Ortiz-Olivas, M. E., Ramirez-Crescencio, F., & Arreola-Ortiz, A. E. (2024). The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (<i>Taxodium mucronatum</i> Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico. <em>Sustainability</em>, <em>16</em>(23), 10248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310248 </p> </div> </div> <div class="info-box no-margin"> Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details <a target="_blank" href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/announcements/784">here</a>. </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div id="footer"> <div class="journal-info"> <span> <em><a class="Var_JournalInfo" href="/journal/sustainability">Sustainability</a></em>, EISSN 2071-1050, Published by MDPI </span> <div class="large-right"> <span> <a href="/rss/journal/sustainability" class="rss-link">RSS</a> </span> <span> <a href="/journal/sustainability/toc-alert">Content Alert</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="row full-width footer-links" data-equalizer="footer" data-equalizer-mq="small"> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns" data-equalizer-watch="footer"> <h3> Further Information </h3> <a href="/apc"> Article Processing Charges </a> <a href="/about/payment"> Pay an Invoice </a> <a href="/openaccess"> Open Access Policy </a> <a href="/about/contact"> Contact MDPI </a> <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Jobs at MDPI </a> </div> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns" data-equalizer-watch="footer"> <h3> Guidelines </h3> <a href="/authors"> For Authors </a> <a href="/reviewers"> For Reviewers </a> <a href="/editors"> For Editors </a> <a href="/librarians"> For Librarians </a> <a href="/publishing_services"> For Publishers </a> <a href="/societies"> For Societies </a> <a href="/conference_organizers"> For Conference Organizers </a> </div> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns"> <h3> MDPI Initiatives </h3> <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Sciforum </a> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> MDPI Books </a> <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Preprints.org </a> <a href="https://www.scilit.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Scilit </a> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com?utm_source=mpdi.com&utm_medium=bottom_menu&utm_campaign=initiative" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> SciProfiles </a> <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Encyclopedia </a> <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> JAMS </a> <a href="/about/proceedings"> Proceedings Series </a> </div> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 right-border-large-without columns UA_FooterFollowMDPI"> <h3> Follow MDPI </h3> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mdpi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> LinkedIn </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/MDPIOpenAccessPublishing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Facebook </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/MDPIOpenAccess" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Twitter </a> </div> <div id="footer-subscribe" class="large-4 large-pull-8 medium-12 small-12 left-border-large columns"> <div class="footer-subscribe__container"> <img class="show-for-large-up" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-white-small.png?71d18e5f805839ab?1732286508" alt="MDPI" title="MDPI Open Access Journals" style="height: 50px; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <form id="newsletter" method="POST" action="/subscribe"> <p> Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals </p> <select multiple id="newsletter-journal" class="foundation-select" name="journals[]"> <option value="acoustics">Acoustics</option> <option value="amh">Acta Microbiologica Hellenica</option> <option value="actuators">Actuators</option> <option value="admsci">Administrative Sciences</option> <option value="adolescents">Adolescents</option> <option value="arm">Advances in Respiratory Medicine</option> <option value="aerobiology">Aerobiology</option> <option value="aerospace">Aerospace</option> <option value="agriculture">Agriculture</option> <option value="agriengineering">AgriEngineering</option> <option value="agrochemicals">Agrochemicals</option> <option value="agronomy">Agronomy</option> <option value="ai">AI</option> <option value="air">Air</option> <option value="algorithms">Algorithms</option> <option value="allergies">Allergies</option> <option value="alloys">Alloys</option> <option value="analytica">Analytica</option> <option value="analytics">Analytics</option> <option value="anatomia">Anatomia</option> <option value="anesthres">Anesthesia Research</option> <option value="animals">Animals</option> <option value="antibiotics">Antibiotics</option> <option value="antibodies">Antibodies</option> <option value="antioxidants">Antioxidants</option> <option value="applbiosci">Applied Biosciences</option> <option value="applmech">Applied Mechanics</option> <option value="applmicrobiol">Applied Microbiology</option> <option value="applnano">Applied Nano</option> <option value="applsci">Applied Sciences</option> <option value="asi">Applied System Innovation</option> <option value="appliedchem">AppliedChem</option> <option value="appliedmath">AppliedMath</option> <option value="aquacj">Aquaculture Journal</option> <option value="architecture">Architecture</option> <option value="arthropoda">Arthropoda</option> <option value="arts">Arts</option> <option value="astronomy">Astronomy</option> <option value="atmosphere">Atmosphere</option> <option value="atoms">Atoms</option> <option value="audiolres">Audiology Research</option> <option value="automation">Automation</option> <option value="axioms">Axioms</option> <option value="bacteria">Bacteria</option> <option value="batteries">Batteries</option> <option value="behavsci">Behavioral Sciences</option> <option value="beverages">Beverages</option> <option value="BDCC">Big Data and Cognitive Computing</option> <option value="biochem">BioChem</option> <option value="bioengineering">Bioengineering</option> <option value="biologics">Biologics</option> <option value="biology">Biology</option> <option value="blsf">Biology and Life Sciences Forum</option> <option value="biomass">Biomass</option> <option value="biomechanics">Biomechanics</option> <option value="biomed">BioMed</option> <option value="biomedicines">Biomedicines</option> <option value="biomedinformatics">BioMedInformatics</option> <option value="biomimetics">Biomimetics</option> <option value="biomolecules">Biomolecules</option> <option value="biophysica">Biophysica</option> <option value="biosensors">Biosensors</option> <option value="biotech">BioTech</option> <option value="birds">Birds</option> <option value="blockchains">Blockchains</option> <option value="brainsci">Brain Sciences</option> <option value="buildings">Buildings</option> <option value="businesses">Businesses</option> <option value="carbon">C</option> <option value="cancers">Cancers</option> <option value="cardiogenetics">Cardiogenetics</option> <option value="catalysts">Catalysts</option> <option value="cells">Cells</option> <option value="ceramics">Ceramics</option> <option value="challenges">Challenges</option> <option value="ChemEngineering">ChemEngineering</option> <option value="chemistry">Chemistry</option> <option value="chemproc">Chemistry Proceedings</option> <option value="chemosensors">Chemosensors</option> <option value="children">Children</option> <option value="chips">Chips</option> <option value="civileng">CivilEng</option> <option value="cleantechnol">Clean Technologies</option> <option value="climate">Climate</option> <option value="ctn">Clinical and Translational Neuroscience</option> <option value="clinbioenerg">Clinical Bioenergetics</option> <option value="clinpract">Clinics and Practice</option> <option value="clockssleep">Clocks & Sleep</option> <option value="coasts">Coasts</option> <option value="coatings">Coatings</option> <option value="colloids">Colloids and Interfaces</option> <option value="colorants">Colorants</option> <option value="commodities">Commodities</option> <option value="complications">Complications</option> <option value="compounds">Compounds</option> <option value="computation">Computation</option> <option value="csmf">Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum</option> <option value="computers">Computers</option> <option value="condensedmatter">Condensed Matter</option> <option value="conservation">Conservation</option> <option value="constrmater">Construction Materials</option> <option value="cmd">Corrosion and Materials Degradation</option> <option value="cosmetics">Cosmetics</option> <option value="covid">COVID</option> <option value="crops">Crops</option> <option value="cryo">Cryo</option> <option value="cryptography">Cryptography</option> <option value="crystals">Crystals</option> <option value="cimb">Current Issues in Molecular Biology</option> <option value="curroncol">Current Oncology</option> <option value="dairy">Dairy</option> <option value="data">Data</option> <option value="dentistry">Dentistry Journal</option> <option value="dermato">Dermato</option> <option value="dermatopathology">Dermatopathology</option> <option value="designs">Designs</option> <option value="diabetology">Diabetology</option> <option value="diagnostics">Diagnostics</option> <option value="dietetics">Dietetics</option> <option value="digital">Digital</option> <option value="disabilities">Disabilities</option> <option value="diseases">Diseases</option> <option value="diversity">Diversity</option> <option value="dna">DNA</option> <option value="drones">Drones</option> <option value="ddc">Drugs and Drug Candidates</option> <option value="dynamics">Dynamics</option> <option value="earth">Earth</option> <option value="ecologies">Ecologies</option> <option value="econometrics">Econometrics</option> <option value="economies">Economies</option> <option value="education">Education Sciences</option> <option value="electricity">Electricity</option> <option value="electrochem">Electrochem</option> <option value="electronicmat">Electronic Materials</option> <option value="electronics">Electronics</option> <option value="ecm">Emergency Care and Medicine</option> <option value="encyclopedia">Encyclopedia</option> <option value="endocrines">Endocrines</option> <option value="energies">Energies</option> <option value="esa">Energy Storage and Applications</option> <option value="eng">Eng</option> <option value="engproc">Engineering Proceedings</option> <option value="entropy">Entropy</option> <option value="environsciproc">Environmental Sciences Proceedings</option> <option value="environments">Environments</option> <option value="epidemiologia">Epidemiologia</option> <option value="epigenomes">Epigenomes</option> <option value="ebj">European Burn Journal</option> <option value="ejihpe">European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education</option> <option value="fermentation">Fermentation</option> <option value="fibers">Fibers</option> <option value="fintech">FinTech</option> <option value="fire">Fire</option> <option value="fishes">Fishes</option> <option value="fluids">Fluids</option> <option value="foods">Foods</option> <option value="forecasting">Forecasting</option> <option value="forensicsci">Forensic Sciences</option> <option value="forests">Forests</option> <option value="fossstud">Fossil Studies</option> <option value="foundations">Foundations</option> <option value="fractalfract">Fractal and Fractional</option> <option value="fuels">Fuels</option> <option value="future">Future</option> <option value="futureinternet">Future Internet</option> <option value="futurepharmacol">Future Pharmacology</option> <option value="futuretransp">Future Transportation</option> <option value="galaxies">Galaxies</option> <option value="games">Games</option> <option value="gases">Gases</option> <option value="gastroent">Gastroenterology Insights</option> <option value="gastrointestdisord">Gastrointestinal Disorders</option> <option value="gastronomy">Gastronomy</option> <option value="gels">Gels</option> <option value="genealogy">Genealogy</option> <option value="genes">Genes</option> <option value="geographies">Geographies</option> <option value="geohazards">GeoHazards</option> <option value="geomatics">Geomatics</option> <option value="geometry">Geometry</option> <option value="geosciences">Geosciences</option> <option value="geotechnics">Geotechnics</option> <option value="geriatrics">Geriatrics</option> <option value="glacies">Glacies</option> <option value="gucdd">Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease</option> <option value="grasses">Grasses</option> <option value="hardware">Hardware</option> <option value="healthcare">Healthcare</option> <option value="hearts">Hearts</option> <option value="hemato">Hemato</option> <option value="hematolrep">Hematology Reports</option> <option value="heritage">Heritage</option> <option value="histories">Histories</option> <option value="horticulturae">Horticulturae</option> <option value="hospitals">Hospitals</option> <option value="humanities">Humanities</option> <option value="humans">Humans</option> <option value="hydrobiology">Hydrobiology</option> <option value="hydrogen">Hydrogen</option> <option value="hydrology">Hydrology</option> <option value="hygiene">Hygiene</option> <option value="immuno">Immuno</option> <option value="idr">Infectious Disease Reports</option> <option value="informatics">Informatics</option> <option value="information">Information</option> <option value="infrastructures">Infrastructures</option> <option value="inorganics">Inorganics</option> <option value="insects">Insects</option> <option value="instruments">Instruments</option> <option value="iic">Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction</option> <option value="ijerph">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</option> <option value="ijfs">International Journal of Financial Studies</option> <option value="ijms">International Journal of Molecular Sciences</option> <option value="IJNS">International Journal of Neonatal Screening</option> <option value="ijpb">International Journal of Plant Biology</option> <option value="ijt">International Journal of Topology</option> <option value="ijtm">International Journal of Translational Medicine</option> <option value="ijtpp">International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power</option> <option value="ime">International Medical Education</option> <option value="inventions">Inventions</option> <option value="IoT">IoT</option> <option value="ijgi">ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information</option> <option value="J">J</option> <option value="jal">Journal of Ageing and Longevity</option> <option value="jcdd">Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease</option> <option value="jcto">Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology</option> <option value="jcm">Journal of Clinical Medicine</option> <option value="jcs">Journal of Composites Science</option> <option value="jcp">Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy</option> <option value="jdad">Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease</option> <option value="jdb">Journal of Developmental Biology</option> <option value="jeta">Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses</option> <option value="jfb">Journal of Functional Biomaterials</option> <option value="jfmk">Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology</option> <option value="jof">Journal of Fungi</option> <option value="jimaging">Journal of Imaging</option> <option value="jintelligence">Journal of Intelligence</option> <option value="jlpea">Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications</option> <option value="jmmp">Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</option> <option value="jmse">Journal of Marine Science and Engineering</option> <option value="jmahp">Journal of Market Access & Health Policy</option> <option value="jmp">Journal of Molecular Pathology</option> <option value="jnt">Journal of Nanotheranostics</option> <option value="jne">Journal of Nuclear Engineering</option> <option value="ohbm">Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine</option> <option value="jop">Journal of Parks</option> <option value="jpm">Journal of Personalized Medicine</option> <option value="jpbi">Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry</option> <option value="jor">Journal of Respiration</option> <option value="jrfm">Journal of Risk and Financial Management</option> <option value="jsan">Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks</option> <option value="joma">Journal of the Oman Medical Association</option> <option value="jtaer">Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research</option> <option value="jvd">Journal of Vascular Diseases</option> <option value="jox">Journal of Xenobiotics</option> <option value="jzbg">Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens</option> <option value="journalmedia">Journalism and Media</option> <option value="kidneydial">Kidney and Dialysis</option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases">Kinases and Phosphatases</option> <option value="knowledge">Knowledge</option> <option value="labmed">LabMed</option> <option value="laboratories">Laboratories</option> <option value="land">Land</option> <option value="languages">Languages</option> <option value="laws">Laws</option> <option value="life">Life</option> <option value="limnolrev">Limnological Review</option> <option value="lipidology">Lipidology</option> <option value="liquids">Liquids</option> <option value="literature">Literature</option> <option value="livers">Livers</option> <option value="logics">Logics</option> <option value="logistics">Logistics</option> <option value="lubricants">Lubricants</option> <option value="lymphatics">Lymphatics</option> <option value="make">Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction</option> <option value="machines">Machines</option> <option value="macromol">Macromol</option> <option value="magnetism">Magnetism</option> <option value="magnetochemistry">Magnetochemistry</option> <option value="marinedrugs">Marine Drugs</option> <option value="materials">Materials</option> <option value="materproc">Materials Proceedings</option> <option value="mca">Mathematical and Computational Applications</option> <option value="mathematics">Mathematics</option> <option value="medsci">Medical Sciences</option> <option value="msf">Medical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="medicina">Medicina</option> <option value="medicines">Medicines</option> <option value="membranes">Membranes</option> <option value="merits">Merits</option> <option value="metabolites">Metabolites</option> <option value="metals">Metals</option> <option value="meteorology">Meteorology</option> <option value="methane">Methane</option> <option value="mps">Methods and Protocols</option> <option value="metrics">Metrics</option> <option value="metrology">Metrology</option> <option value="micro">Micro</option> <option value="microbiolres">Microbiology Research</option> <option value="micromachines">Micromachines</option> <option value="microorganisms">Microorganisms</option> <option value="microplastics">Microplastics</option> <option value="minerals">Minerals</option> <option value="mining">Mining</option> <option value="modelling">Modelling</option> <option value="mmphys">Modern Mathematical Physics</option> <option value="molbank">Molbank</option> <option value="molecules">Molecules</option> <option value="mti">Multimodal Technologies and Interaction</option> <option value="muscles">Muscles</option> <option value="nanoenergyadv">Nanoenergy Advances</option> <option value="nanomanufacturing">Nanomanufacturing</option> <option value="nanomaterials">Nanomaterials</option> <option value="ndt">NDT</option> <option value="network">Network</option> <option value="neuroglia">Neuroglia</option> <option value="neurolint">Neurology International</option> <option value="neurosci">NeuroSci</option> <option value="nitrogen">Nitrogen</option> <option value="ncrna">Non-Coding RNA</option> <option value="nursrep">Nursing Reports</option> <option value="nutraceuticals">Nutraceuticals</option> <option value="nutrients">Nutrients</option> <option value="obesities">Obesities</option> <option value="oceans">Oceans</option> <option value="onco">Onco</option> <option value="optics">Optics</option> <option value="oral">Oral</option> <option value="organics">Organics</option> <option value="organoids">Organoids</option> <option value="osteology">Osteology</option> <option value="oxygen">Oxygen</option> <option value="parasitologia">Parasitologia</option> <option value="particles">Particles</option> <option value="pathogens">Pathogens</option> <option value="pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</option> <option value="pediatrrep">Pediatric Reports</option> <option value="pets">Pets</option> <option value="pharmaceuticals">Pharmaceuticals</option> <option value="pharmaceutics">Pharmaceutics</option> <option value="pharmacoepidemiology">Pharmacoepidemiology</option> <option value="pharmacy">Pharmacy</option> <option value="philosophies">Philosophies</option> <option value="photochem">Photochem</option> <option value="photonics">Photonics</option> <option value="phycology">Phycology</option> <option value="physchem">Physchem</option> <option value="psf">Physical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="physics">Physics</option> <option value="physiologia">Physiologia</option> <option value="plants">Plants</option> <option value="plasma">Plasma</option> <option value="platforms">Platforms</option> <option value="pollutants">Pollutants</option> <option value="polymers">Polymers</option> <option value="polysaccharides">Polysaccharides</option> <option value="populations">Populations</option> <option value="poultry">Poultry</option> <option value="powders">Powders</option> <option value="proceedings">Proceedings</option> <option value="processes">Processes</option> <option value="prosthesis">Prosthesis</option> <option value="proteomes">Proteomes</option> <option value="psychiatryint">Psychiatry International</option> <option value="psychoactives">Psychoactives</option> <option value="psycholint">Psychology International</option> <option value="publications">Publications</option> <option value="qubs">Quantum Beam Science</option> <option value="quantumrep">Quantum Reports</option> <option value="quaternary">Quaternary</option> <option value="radiation">Radiation</option> <option value="reactions">Reactions</option> <option value="realestate">Real Estate</option> <option value="receptors">Receptors</option> <option value="recycling">Recycling</option> <option value="rsee">Regional Science and Environmental Economics</option> <option value="religions">Religions</option> <option value="remotesensing">Remote Sensing</option> <option value="reports">Reports</option> <option value="reprodmed">Reproductive Medicine</option> <option value="resources">Resources</option> <option value="rheumato">Rheumato</option> <option value="risks">Risks</option> <option value="robotics">Robotics</option> <option value="ruminants">Ruminants</option> <option value="safety">Safety</option> <option value="sci">Sci</option> <option value="scipharm">Scientia Pharmaceutica</option> <option value="sclerosis">Sclerosis</option> <option value="seeds">Seeds</option> <option value="sensors">Sensors</option> <option value="separations">Separations</option> <option value="sexes">Sexes</option> <option value="signals">Signals</option> <option value="sinusitis">Sinusitis</option> <option value="smartcities">Smart Cities</option> <option value="socsci">Social Sciences</option> <option value="siuj">Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal</option> <option value="societies">Societies</option> <option value="software">Software</option> <option value="soilsystems">Soil Systems</option> <option value="solar">Solar</option> <option value="solids">Solids</option> <option value="spectroscj">Spectroscopy Journal</option> <option value="sports">Sports</option> <option value="standards">Standards</option> <option value="stats">Stats</option> <option value="stresses">Stresses</option> <option value="surfaces">Surfaces</option> <option value="surgeries">Surgeries</option> <option value="std">Surgical Techniques Development</option> <option value="sustainability">Sustainability</option> <option value="suschem">Sustainable Chemistry</option> <option value="symmetry">Symmetry</option> <option value="synbio">SynBio</option> <option value="systems">Systems</option> <option value="targets">Targets</option> <option value="taxonomy">Taxonomy</option> <option value="technologies">Technologies</option> <option value="telecom">Telecom</option> <option value="textiles">Textiles</option> <option value="thalassrep">Thalassemia Reports</option> <option value="therapeutics">Therapeutics</option> <option value="thermo">Thermo</option> <option value="timespace">Time and Space</option> <option value="tomography">Tomography</option> <option value="tourismhosp">Tourism and Hospitality</option> <option value="toxics">Toxics</option> <option value="toxins">Toxins</option> <option value="transplantology">Transplantology</option> <option value="traumacare">Trauma Care</option> <option value="higheredu">Trends in Higher Education</option> <option value="tropicalmed">Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease</option> <option value="universe">Universe</option> <option value="urbansci">Urban Science</option> <option value="uro">Uro</option> <option value="vaccines">Vaccines</option> <option value="vehicles">Vehicles</option> <option value="venereology">Venereology</option> <option value="vetsci">Veterinary Sciences</option> <option value="vibration">Vibration</option> <option value="virtualworlds">Virtual Worlds</option> <option value="viruses">Viruses</option> <option value="vision">Vision</option> <option value="waste">Waste</option> <option value="water">Water</option> <option value="wild">Wild</option> <option value="wind">Wind</option> <option value="women">Women</option> <option value="world">World</option> <option value="wevj">World Electric Vehicle Journal</option> <option value="youth">Youth</option> <option value="zoonoticdis">Zoonotic Diseases</option> </select> <input name="email" type="email" placeholder="Enter your email address..." required="required" /> <button class="genericCaptcha button button--dark UA_FooterNewsletterSubscribeButton" type="submit">Subscribe</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-copyright"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns large-6 medium-6 small-12 text-left"> © 1996-2024 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated </div> <div class="columns large-6 medium-6 small-12 small-text-left medium-text-right large-text-right"> <a data-dropdown="drop-view-disclaimer" aria-controls="drop-view-disclaimer" aria-expanded="false" data-options="align:top; is_hover:true; hover_timeout:2000;"> Disclaimer </a> <div id="drop-view-disclaimer" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide text-left" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. </div> <a href="/about/terms-and-conditions"> Terms and Conditions </a> <a href="/about/privacy"> Privacy Policy </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cookie-notification" class="js-allow-cookies" style="display: none;"> <div class="columns large-10 medium-10 small-12"> We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.<br class="show-for-medium-up"/> Read more about our cookies <a href="/about/privacy">here</a>. </div> <div class="columns large-2 medium-2 small-12 small-only-text-left text-right"> <a class="button button--default" href="/accept_cookies">Accept</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main-share-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-new--small" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 style="margin: 0;">Share Link</h2> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="social-media-links UA_ShareModalLinks" style="text-align: left;"> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#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" title="Email"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=The+Premature+Mortality+of+Sabinos+or+Montezuma+Bald+Cypress+%28Taxodium+mucronatum+Ten.%29+in+the+State+of+Durango%2C+Mexico&hashtags=mdpisustainability&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F3055058&via=Sus_MDPI" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" title="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-twitter-x-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href=" http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F3055058&title=The%20Premature%20Mortality%20of%20Sabinos%20or%20Montezuma%20Bald%20Cypress%20%28Taxodium%20mucronatum%20Ten.%29%20in%20the%20State%20of%20Durango%2C%20Mexico%26source%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%26summary%3DThe%20juniper%20%28Taxodium%20mucronatum%20Ten.%20of%20the%20Cupressaceae%20family%29%20is%20a%20long-lived%20species%20that%20forms%20gallery%20forests.%20Dozens%20of%20dead%20junipers%20%3E%20100%20years%20old%20have%20been%20identified%20in%20the%20San%20Pedro%20Mezquital%20watershed%20in%20Durango%2C%20Mexico.%20This%20work%20%5B...%5D" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.mdpi.com/3055058" title="facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-facebook-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Wechat" data-reveal-id="weixin-share-modal"> <i class="fa fa-weixin-square" style="font-size: 26px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://www.mdpi.com/3055058" title="Reddit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-reddit-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://www.mdpi.com/3055058" title="Mendeley" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-mendeley-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.citeulike.org/posturl?url=https://www.mdpi.com/3055058" title="CiteULike" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-citeulike-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="small-9 columns"> <input id="js-clipboard-text" type="text" readonly value="https://www.mdpi.com/3055058" /> </div> <div class="small-3 columns text-left"> <a class="button button--color js-clipboard-copy" data-clipboard-target="#js-clipboard-text">Copy</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div id="weixin-share-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="weixin-share-modal-title" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 id="weixin-share-modal-title" style="margin: 0;">Share</h2> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="weixin-qr-code-section"> <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> <svg width="300" height="300" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <desc>https://www.mdpi.com/3055058</desc> <g id="elements" fill="black" stroke="none"> <rect x="0" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> </g> </svg> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <a href="#" class="back-to-top"><span class="show-for-medium-up">Back to Top</span><span class="show-for-small">Top</span></a> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/modernizr-2.8.3.min.js?5227e0738f7f421d?1732286508"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery-1.12.4.min.js?4f252523d4af0b47?1732286508"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/foundation-5.5.3.min.js?6b2ec41c18b29054?1732286508"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/foundation-5.5.3.equalizer.min.js?0f6c549b75ec554c?1732286508"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery.multiselect.js?0edd3998731d1091?1732286508"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery.cycle2.min.js?63413052928f97ee?1732286508"></script> <script> // old browser fix - this way the console log rows won't throw (silent) errors in browsers not supporting console log if (!window.console) window.console = {}; if (!window.console.log) window.console.log = function () { }; var currentJournalNameSystem = "sustainability"; $(document).ready(function() { $('select.foundation-select').multiselect({ search: true, minHeight: 130, maxHeight: 130, }); $(document).foundation({ orbit: { timer_speed: 4000, }, reveal: { animation: 'fadeAndPop', animation_speed: 100, } }); $(".chosen-select").each(function(element) { var maxSelected = (undefined !== $(this).data('maxselectedoptions') ? $(this).data('maxselectedoptions') : 100); $(this).on('chosen:ready', function(event, data) { var select = $(data.chosen.form_field); if (select.attr('id') === 'journal-browser-volume') { $(data.chosen.dropdown).addClass('UI_JournalBrowser_Volume_Options'); } if (select.attr('id') === 'journal-browser-issue') { $(data.chosen.dropdown).addClass('UI_JournalBrowser_Issue_Options'); } }).chosen({ display_disabled_options: false, disable_search_threshold: 7, max_selected_options: maxSelected, width: "100%" }); }); $(".toEncode").each(function(e) { var oldHref = $(this).attr("href"); var newHref = oldHref.replace('.botdefense.please.enable.javascript.','@'); $(this).attr("href", newHref); if (!$(this).hasClass("emailCaptcha")) { $(this).html(newHref.replace('mailto:', '')); } $(this).removeClass("visibility-hidden"); }); $(document).on('opened.fndtn.reveal', '[data-reveal]', function() { $(document).foundation('equalizer', 'reflow'); }); // fix the images that have tag height / width defined // otherwise the default foundation styles overwrite the tag definitions $("img").each(function() { if ($(this).attr('width') != undefined || $(this).attr('height') != undefined) { $(this).addClass("img-fixed"); } }); $("#basic_search, #advanced_search").submit(function(e) { var searchArguments = false; $(this).find("input,select").not("#search,.search-button").each(function() { if (undefined === $(this).val() || "" === $(this).val()) { $(this).attr('name', null); } else { $(this).attr('name'); searchArguments = true; } }); if (!searchArguments) { window.location = $(this).attr('action'); return false; } }); $(".hide-show-desktop-option").click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var parentDiv = $(this).closest("div"); $.ajax({ url: $(this).attr('href'), success: function(msg) { parentDiv.removeClass().hide(); } }); }); $(".generic-toggleable-header").click(function(e) { $(this).toggleClass("active"); $(this).next(".generic-toggleable-content").toggleClass("active"); }); /* * handle whole row as a link if the row contains only one visible link */ $("table.new tr").hover(function() { if ($(this).find("td:visible a").length == 1) { $(this).addClass("single-link"); } }, function() { $(this).removeClass("single-link"); }); $("table.new:not(.table-of-tables)").on("click", "tr.single-link", function(e) { var target = $(e.target); if (!e.ctrlKey && !target.is("a")) { $(this).find("td:visible a")[0].click(); } }); $(document).on("click", ".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link", function(e) { if ($(this).closest("#basic_search").length > 0) { if ($(".search-container__advanced").first().is(":visible")) { openAdvanced() } } if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { if ($(this).hasClass("active")) { $(this).removeClass("active"); $(this).next(".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content").addClass("show-for-medium-up"); } else { $(this).addClass("active"); $(this).next(".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content").removeClass("show-for-medium-up"); $(document).foundation('orbit', 'reflow'); } } if (undefined !== $(this).data("callback")) { var customCallback = $(this).data("callback"); func = window[customCallback]; func(); } }); $(document).on("click", ".js-open-small-search", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).toggleClass("active").closest(".tab-bar").toggleClass("active"); $(".search-container").toggleClass("hide-for-small-down"); }); $(document).on("click", ".js-open-menu", function(e) { $(".search-container").addClass("hide-for-small-down"); }); $(window).on('resize', function() { recalculate_main_browser_position(); recalculate_responsive_moving_containers(); }); updateSearchLabelVisibilities(); recalculate_main_browser_position(); recalculate_responsive_moving_containers(); if (window.document.documentMode == 11) { $("<link/>", { rel: "stylesheet", type: "text/css", href: "https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons"}).appendTo("head"); } }); function recalculate_main_browser_position() { if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { if ($("#js-main-top-container").parent("#js-large-main-top-container").length > 0) { $("#js-main-top-container").appendTo($("#js-small-main-top-container")); } } else { if ($("#js-main-top-container").parent("#js-small-main-top-container").length > 0) { $("#js-main-top-container").appendTo($("#js-large-main-top-container")); } } } function recalculate_responsive_moving_containers() { $(".responsive-moving-container.large").each(function() { var previousParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.active[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); var movingContent = previousParent.html(); if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.small[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } else if (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only()) { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.medium[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } else { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.large[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } if (previousParent.attr("class") !== currentParent.attr("class")) { currentParent.html(movingContent); previousParent.html(); currentParent.addClass("active"); previousParent.removeClass("active"); } }); } // cookies allowed is checked from a) local storage and b) from server separately so that the footer bar doesn't // get included in the custom page caches function checkCookiesAllowed() { var cookiesEnabled = localStorage.getItem("mdpi_cookies_enabled"); if (null === cookiesEnabled) { $.ajax({ url: "/ajax_cookie_value/mdpi_cookies_accepted", success: function(data) { if (data.value) { localStorage.setItem("mdpi_cookies_enabled", true); checkDisplaySurvey(); } else { $(".js-allow-cookies").show(); } } }); } else { checkDisplaySurvey(); } } function checkDisplaySurvey() { } window.addEventListener('CookiebotOnAccept', function (e) { var CookieDate = new Date; if (Cookiebot.consent.preferences) { CookieDate.setFullYear(CookieDate.getFullYear() + 1); document.cookie = "mdpi_layout_type_v2=mobile; path=/; expires=" + CookieDate.toUTCString() + ";"; $(".js-toggle-desktop-layout-link").css("display", "inline-block"); } }, false); window.addEventListener('CookiebotOnDecline', function (e) { if (!Cookiebot.consent.preferences) { $(".js-toggle-desktop-layout-link").hide(); if ("" === "desktop") { window.location = "/toggle_desktop_layout_cookie"; } } }, false); var hash = $(location).attr('hash'); if ("#share" === hash) { if (1 === $("#main-share-modal").length) { $('#main-share-modal').foundation('reveal', 'open'); } } </script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/lib.js?f8d3d71b3a772f9d?1732286508"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/mdpi.js?c267ce58392b15da?1732286508"></script> <script>var banners_url = 'https://serve.mdpi.com';</script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/ifvisible.min.js?c621d19ecb761212?1732286508'></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/affix.js?ac4ea55275297c15?1732286508"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/clipboard.min.js?3f3688138a1b9fc4?1732286508"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { var helpFunctions = $(".middle-column__help__fixed"); var leftColumnAffix = $(".left-column__fixed"); var middleColumn = $("#middle-column"); var clone = null; helpFunctions.affix({ offset: { top: function() { return middleColumn.offset().top - 8 - (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 30 : 0); }, bottom: function() { return $("#footer").innerHeight() + 74 + (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 0 : 0); } } }); if (leftColumnAffix.length > 0) { clone = leftColumnAffix.clone(); clone.addClass("left-column__fixed__affix"); clone.insertBefore(leftColumnAffix); clone.css('width', leftColumnAffix.outerWidth() + 50); clone.affix({ offset: { top: function() { return leftColumnAffix.offset().top - 30 - (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 50 : 0); }, bottom: function() { return $("#footer").innerHeight() + 92 + (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 0 : 0); } } }); } $(window).on("resize", function() { if (clone !== null) { clone.css('width', leftColumnAffix.outerWidth() + 50); } }); new ClipboardJS('.js-clipboard-copy'); }); </script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery-ui-1.13.2.min.js?1e2047978946a1d2?1732286508"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/slick.min.js?d5a61c749e44e471?1732286508"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function() { $(".link-article-menu").click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).find('span').toggle(); $(this).next("div").toggleClass("active"); }); $(".js-similarity-related-articles").click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); if ('' !== $('#recommended-articles-modal').attr('data-url')) { $('#recommended-articles-modal').foundation('reveal', 'open', $('#recommended-articles-modal').attr('data-url')); } }); $.ajax({ url: "/article/1527529/similarity-related/show-link", success: function(result) { if (result.show) { $('#recommended-articles-modal').attr('data-url', result.link); $('.js-article-similarity-container').show(); } } }); $(document).on('opened.fndtn.reveal', '[data-reveal]', function() { var modal = $(this); if (modal.attr('id') === "author-biographies-modal") { modal.find('.multiple-items').slick({ slidesToShow: 1, nextArrow: '<a class="slick-next" href="#"><i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i></a>', prevArrow: '<a class="slick-prev" href="#"><i class="material-icons">chevron_left</i></a>', slidesToScroll: 1, draggable: false, }); modal.find('.multiple-items').slick('refresh'); } }); }); </script> <script> $(document).ready(function() { $(document).on('keyup', function (e) { if (e.keyCode == 27) { var hElem = $(this).find(".annotator-adder"); if (hElem.length){ hElem.css({'visibility':'hidden'}); } else { document.querySelector("hypothesis-adder").shadowRoot.querySelector(".annotator-adder").style.visibility = "hidden"; } } }); }); </script> <script> window.hypothesisConfig = function () { return { sidebarAppUrl: 'https://commenting.mdpi.com/app.html', showHighlights: 'whenSidebarOpen' , openSidebar: false , assetRoot: 'https://commentingres.mdpi.com/hypothesis', services: [{ apiUrl: 'https://commenting.mdpi.com/api/', authority: 'mdpi', grantToken: '', doi: '10.3390/su162310248' }], }; }; </script> <script async id="hypothesis_frame"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> if (-1 !== window.location.href.indexOf("?src=")) { window.history.replaceState({}, '', `${location.pathname}`); } $(document).ready(function() { var scifeedCounter = 0; var search = window.location.search; var mathjaxReady = false; // late image file loading $("img[data-lsrc]").each(function() { $(this).attr("src", $(this).data("lsrc")); }); // late mathjax initialization var head = document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]; var script = document.createElement("script"); script.type = "text/x-mathjax-config"; script[(window.opera ? "innerHTML" : "text")] = "MathJax.Hub.processSectionDelay = 0;\n" + "MathJax.Hub.Config({\n" + " \"menuSettings\": {\n" + " CHTMLpreview: false\n" + " },\n" + " \"CHTML-preview\":{\n" + " disabled: true\n" + " },\n" + " \"HTML-CSS\": {\n" + " scale: 90,\n" + " availableFonts: [],\n" + " preferredFont: null,\n" + " preferredFonts: null,\n" + " webFont:\"Gyre-Pagella\",\n" + " imageFont:'TeX',\n" + " undefinedFamily:\"'Arial Unicode MS',serif\",\n" + " linebreaks: { automatic: false }\n" + " },\n" + " \"TeX\": {\n" + " extensions: ['noErrors.js'],\n" + " noErrors: {\n" + " inlineDelimiters: [\"\",\"\"],\n" + " multiLine: true,\n" + " style: {\n" + " 'font-size': '90%',\n" + " 'text-align': 'left',\n" + " 'color': 'black',\n" + " 'padding': '1px 3px',\n" + " 'border': '1px solid'\n" + " }\n" + " }\n" + " }\n" + "});\n" + "MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook('End', function() {\n" + " refreshMathjaxWidths();\n" + " mathjaxReady = true;\n" + "});\n" + "MathJax.Hub.Startup.signal.Interest(function (message) {\n" + " if (message == 'End') {\n" + " var hypoLink = document.getElementById('hypothesis_frame');\n" + " if (null !== hypoLink) {\n" + " hypoLink.setAttribute('src', 'https://commenting.mdpi.com/embed.js');\n" + " }\n" + " }\n" + "});"; head.appendChild(script); script = document.createElement("script"); script.type = "text/javascript"; script.src = "https://pub.mdpi-res.com/bundles/mathjax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"; head.appendChild(script); // article version checker if (0 === search.indexOf('?type=check_update&version=')) { $.ajax({ url: "/2071-1050/16/23/10248" + "/versioncheck" + search, success: function(result) { $(".js-check-update-container").html(result); } }); } $('#feed_option').click(function() { // tracker if ($('#scifeed_clicked').length<1) { $(this).append('<span style="display:none" id="scifeed_clicked">done</span>'); } $('#feed_data').toggle('slide', { direction: 'up'}, '1000'); // slideToggle(700); OR toggle(700) $("#scifeed_error_msg").html('').hide(); $("#scifeed_notice_msg").html('').hide(); }); $('#feed_option').click(function(event) { setTimeout(function(){ var captchaSection = $("#captchaSection"); captchaSection.removeClass('ui-helper-hidden').find('input').prop('disabled', false); // var img = captchaSection.find('img'); // img.attr('src', img.data('url') + "?" + (new Date()).getTime()); // $(".captcha_reload").trigger("click"); var img = document.getElementById('gregwar_captcha_scifeed'); img.src = '/generate-captcha/gcb_captcha?n=' + (new Date()).getTime(); },800); }); $(document).on('click', '.split_feeds', function() { var name = $( this ).attr('name'); var flag = 1 - ($(this).is(":checked")*1); $('.split_feeds').each(function (index) { if ($( this ).attr('name') !== name) { $(this)[0].checked = flag; } }); }); $(document).on('click', '#scifeed_submit, #scifeed_submit1', function(event) { event.preventDefault(); $(".captcha_reload").trigger("click"); $("#scifeed_error_msg").html(""); $("#scifeed_error_msg").hide(); }); $(document).on('click', '.subscription_toggle', function(event) { if ($(this).val() === 'Create SciFeed' && $('#scifeed_hidden_flag').length>0) { event.preventDefault(); // alert('Here there would be a captcha because user is not logged in'); var captchaSection = $("#captchaSection"); if (captchaSection.hasClass('ui-helper-hidden')) { captchaSection.removeClass('ui-helper-hidden').find('input').prop('disabled', false); var img = captchaSection.find('img'); img.attr('src', img.data('url') + "?" + (new Date()).getTime()); $("#reloadCaptcha").trigger("click"); } } }); $(document).on('click', '.scifeed_msg', function(){ $(this).hide(); }); $(document).on('click', '.article-scilit-search', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var data = $(".article-scilit-search-data").val(); var dataArray = data.split(';').map(function(keyword) { return "(\"" + keyword.trim() + "\")"; }); var searchQuery = dataArray.join(" OR "); var searchUrl = encodeURI("https://www.scilit.net/articles/search?q="+ searchQuery + "&advanced=1&highlight=1"); var win = window.open(searchUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { win.focus(); } else { window.location(searchUrl); } }); display_stats(); citedCount(); follow_goto(); // Select the node that will be observed for mutations const targetNodes = document.getElementsByClassName('hypothesis-count-container'); // Options for the observer (which mutations to observe) const config = { attributes: false, childList: true, subtree: false }; // Callback function to execute when mutations are observed const callback = function(mutationList, observer) { for(const mutation of mutationList) { if (mutation.type === 'childList') { let node = $(mutation.target); if (parseInt(node.html()) > 0) { node.show(); } } } }; // Create an observer instance linked to the callback function const observer = new MutationObserver(callback); // Start observing the target node for configured mutations for(const targetNode of targetNodes) { observer.observe(targetNode, config); } // Select the node that will be observed for mutations const mathjaxTargetNode = document.getElementById('middle-column'); // Callback function to execute when mutations are observed const mathjaxCallback = function(mutationList, observer) { if (mathjaxReady && typeof(MathJax) !== 'undefined') { refreshMathjaxWidths(); } }; // Create an observer instance linked to the callback function const mathjaxObserver = new ResizeObserver(mathjaxCallback); // Start observing the target node for configured mutations mathjaxObserver.observe(mathjaxTargetNode); }); /* END $(document).ready */ function refreshMathjaxWidths() { let width = ($('.html-body').width()*0.9) + "px"; $('.MathJax_Display').css('max-width', width); $('.MJXc-display').css('max-width', width); } function sendScifeedFrom(form) { if (!$('#scifeed_email').val().trim()) { // empty email alert('Please, provide an email for subscribe to this scifeed'); return false; } else if (!$('#captchaSection').hasClass('ui-helper-hidden') && !$('#captchaSection').find('input').val().trim()) { // empty captcha alert('Please, fill the captcha field.'); return false; } else if( ((($('#scifeed_form').find('input:checkbox:checked').length)-($('#split_feeds:checked').length))<1) || ($('#scifeed_kwd_txt').length < 0 && !$('#scifeed_kwd_txt').val().trim()) || ($('#scifeed_author_txt').length<0 &&!$('#scifeed_author_txt').val().trim()) ) { alert('You did not select anything to subscribe'); return false; } else if(($('#scifeed_form').find('input:checkbox:checked').length)-($('#split_feeds2:checked').length)<1){ alert("You did not select anything to subscribe"); return false; } else { var url = $('#scifeed_subscribe_url').html(); var formData = $(form).serializeArray(); $.post(url, formData).done(function (data) { if (JSON.parse(data)) { $('.scifeed_msg').hide(); var res = JSON.parse(data); var successFeeds = 0; var errorFeeds = 0; if (res) { $('.scifeed_msg').html(''); $.each(res, function (index, val) { if (val) { if (val.error) { errorFeeds++; $("#scifeed_error_msg").append(index+' - '+val.error+'<br>'); } if (val.notice) // for successful feed creation { successFeeds++; // $("#scifeed_notice_msg").append(index+' - '+val.notice+'<br>'); $("#scifeed_notice_msg").append('<li>'+index+'</li>'); } } }); if (successFeeds>0) { text = $('#scifeed_notice_msg').html(); text = 'The following feed'+(successFeeds>1?'s have':' has')+ ' been sucessfully created:<br><ul>'+ text + '</ul>' +($('#scifeed_hidden_flag').length>0 ? 'You are not logged in, so you probably need to validate '+ (successFeeds>1?'them':' it')+'.<br>' :'' ) +'Please check your email'+(successFeeds>1?'s':'')+' for more details.'; //(successFeeds>1?' for each of them':'')+'.<br>'; $("#scifeed_notice_msg").html(text); $("#scifeed_notice_msg").show(); } if (errorFeeds>0) { $("#scifeed_error_msg").show();; } } $("#feed_data").hide(); } }); } } function follow_goto() { var hashStr = location.hash.replace("#",""); if(typeof hashStr !== 'undefined') { if( hashStr == 'supplementary') { document.getElementById('suppl_id').scrollIntoView(); } if( hashStr == 'citedby') { document.getElementById('cited_id').scrollIntoView(); } } } function cited() { $("#framed_div").toggle('fast', function(){ if ($(this).css('display') != 'none') { var loaded = document.getElementById("loaded"); if(loaded.innerHTML == "No") { // Load Xref result var container = document.getElementById("framed_div"); // This replace the content container.innerHTML = "<img src=\"https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/loading_circle.gif?9a82694213036313?1732286508\" height=\"20\" width=\"20\" alt=\"Processing...\" style=\"vertical-align:middle; margin-right:0.6em;\">"; var url = "/citedby/10.3390%252Fsu162310248/15"; $.post(url, function(result) { if (result.success) { container.innerHTML = result.view; } loaded.innerHTML = "Yes"; }); } } return true; // for not going at the beginning of the page... }) return true; // for not going at the beginning of the page... } function detect_device() { // Added by Bastien (18/08/2014): based on the http://detectmobilebrowsers.com/ detector var check = false; (function(a){if(/(android|bb\d+|meego).+mobile|avantgo|bada\/|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge |maemo|midp|mmp|mobile.+firefox|netfront|opera m(ob|in)i|palm( os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|series(4|6)0|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows (ce|phone)|xda|xiino/i.test(a)||/1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\-m|r |s )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\-(n|u)|c55\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\-|_)|g1 u|g560|gene|gf\-5|g\-mo|go(\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\-(m|p|t)|hei\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp( i|ip)|hs\-c|ht(c(\-| |_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac( |\-|\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt( |\/)|klon|kpt |kwc\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg( g|\/(k|l|u)|50|54|\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\-w|m3ga|m50\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\-cr|me(rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\-| |o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\-g|qa\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\-[2-7]|i\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\-|oo|p\-)|sdk\/|se(c(\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\-|shar|sie(\-|m)|sk\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\-|v\-|v )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\-|tdg\-|tel(i|m)|tim\-|t\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\-|m3|m5)|tx\-9|up(\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\-| )|webc|whit|wi(g |nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|yas\-|your|zeto|zte\-/i.test(a.substr(0,4)))check = true})(navigator.userAgent||navigator.vendor||window.opera); return check; } function display_stats(){ $("#article_stats_div").toggle(); return false; } /* * Cited By Scopus */ function citedCount(){ $("#framed_div_cited_count").toggle('fast', function(){ if ($(this).css('display') != 'none') { var loaded = document.getElementById("loaded_cite_count"); // to load only once the result! if(loaded.innerHTML == "No") { // Load Xref result var d = document.getElementById("framed_div_cited_count"); // This replace the content d.innerHTML = "<img src=\"https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/loading_circle.gif?9a82694213036313?1732286508\" height=\"20\" width=\"20\" alt=\"Processing...\" style=\"vertical-align:middle; margin-right:0.6em;\">"; $.ajax({ method : "POST", url : "/cite-count/10.3390%252Fsu162310248", success : function(data) { if (data.succ) { d.innerHTML = data.view; loaded.innerHTML = "Yes"; follow_goto(); } } }); } } // end else return true; // for not going at the beginning of the page... }) return true; // for not going at the beginning of the page... } </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/third-party/highcharts/highcharts.js?bdd06f45e34c33df?1732286508"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/third-party/highcharts/modules/exporting.js?944dc938d06de3a8?1732286508"></script><script type="text/javascript" defer="defer"> var advancedStatsData; var selectedStatsType = "abstract"; $(function(){ var countWrapper = $('#counts-wrapper'); $('#author_stats_id #type_links a').on('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); selectedStatsType = $(this).data('type'); $('#article_advanced_stats').vectorMap('set', 'values', advancedStatsData[selectedStatsType]); $('#advanced_stats_max').html(advancedStatsData[selectedStatsType].max); $('#type_links a').removeClass('active'); $(this).addClass('active'); }); $.get('/2071-1050/16/23/10248/stats', function (result) { if (!result.success) { return; } // process article metrics part in left column var viewNumber = countWrapper.find(".view-number"); viewNumber.html(result.metrics.views); viewNumber.parent().toggleClass("count-div--grey", result.metrics.views == 0); var downloadNumber = countWrapper.find(".download-number"); downloadNumber.html(result.metrics.downloads); downloadNumber.parent().toggleClass("count-div--grey", result.metrics.downloads == 0); var citationsNumber = countWrapper.find(".citations-number"); citationsNumber.html(result.metrics.citations); citationsNumber.parent().toggleClass("count-div--grey", result.metrics.citations == 0); if (result.metrics.views > 0 || result.metrics.downloads > 0 || result.metrics.citations > 0) { countWrapper.find("#js-counts-wrapper__views, #js-counts-wrapper__downloads").addClass("visible").show(); if (result.metrics.citations > 0) { countWrapper.find('.citations-number').html(result.metrics.citations).show(); countWrapper.find("#js-counts-wrapper__citations").addClass("visible").show(); } else { countWrapper.find("#js-counts-wrapper__citations").remove(); } $("[data-id='article-counters']").removeClass("hidden"); } if (result.metrics.altmetrics_score > 0) { $("#js-altmetrics-donut").show(); } // process view chart in main column var jsondata = result.chart; var series = new Array(); $.each(jsondata.elements, function(i, element) { var dataValues = new Array(); $.each(element.values, function(i, value) { dataValues.push(new Array(value.tip, value.value)); }); series[i] = {name: element.text, data:dataValues}; }); Highcharts.setOptions({ chart: { style: { fontFamily: 'Arial,sans-serif' } } }); $('#article_stats_swf').highcharts({ chart: { type: 'line', width: $("#tabs").width() //* 0.91 }, credits: { enabled: false }, exporting: { enabled: true }, title: { text: jsondata.title.text, x: -20 //center }, xAxis: { categories: jsondata.x_axis.labels.labels, offset: jsondata.x_axis.offset, labels:{ step: jsondata.x_axis.labels.steps, rotation: 30 } }, yAxis: { max: jsondata.y_axis.max, min: jsondata.y_axis.min, offset: jsondata.y_axis.offset, labels: { steps: jsondata.y_axis.steps }, title: { enabled: false } }, tooltip: { formatter: function (){ return this.key.replace("#val#", this.y); } }, legend: { align: 'top', itemDistance: 50 }, series: series }); }); $('#supplement_link').click(function() { document.getElementById('suppl_id').scrollIntoView(); }); $('#stats_link').click(function() { document.getElementById('stats_id').scrollIntoView(); }); // open mol viewer for molbank special supplementary files $('.showJmol').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var jmolModal = $("#jmolModal"); var url = "/article/1527529/jsmol_viewer/__supplementary_id__"; url = url.replace(/__supplementary_id__/g, $(this).data('index')); $('#jsmol-content').attr('src', url); jmolModal.find(".content").html($(this).data('description')); jmolModal.foundation("reveal", "open"); }); }); !function() { "use strict"; function e(e) { try { if ("undefined" == typeof console) return; "error"in console ? console.error(e) : console.log(e) } catch (e) {} } function t(e) { return d.innerHTML = '<a href="' + e.replace(/"/g, """) + '"></a>', d.childNodes[0].getAttribute("href") || "" } function n(n, c) { var o = ""; var k = parseInt(n.substr(c + 4, 2), 16); for (var i = c; i < n.length; i += 2) { if (i != c + 4) { var s = parseInt(n.substr(i, 2), 16) ^ k; o += String.fromCharCode(s); } } try { o = decodeURIComponent(escape(o)); } catch (error) { console.error(error); } return t(o); } function c(t) { for (var r = t.querySelectorAll("a"), c = 0; c < r.length; c++) try { var o = r[c] , a = o.href.indexOf(l); a > -1 && (o.href = "mailto:" + n(o.href, a + l.length)) } catch (i) { e(i) } } function o(t) { for (var r = t.querySelectorAll(u), c = 0; c < r.length; c++) try { var o = r[c] , a = o.parentNode , i = o.getAttribute(f); if (i) { var l = n(i, 0) , d = document.createTextNode(l); a.replaceChild(d, o) } } catch (h) { e(h) } } function a(t) { for (var r = t.querySelectorAll("template"), n = 0; n < r.length; n++) try { i(r[n].content) } catch (c) { e(c) } } function i(t) { try { c(t), o(t), a(t) } catch (r) { e(r) } } var l = "/cnd-cgi/l/email-protection#" , u = ".__cf_email__" , f = "data-cfemail" , d = document.createElement("div"); i(document), function() { var e = document.currentScript || document.scripts[document.scripts.length - 1]; e.parentNode.removeChild(e) }() }(); </script><script type="text/javascript"> function setCookie(cname, cvalue, ctime) { ctime = (typeof ctime === 'undefined') ? 10*365*24*60*60*1000 : ctime; // default => 10 years var d = new Date(); d.setTime(d.getTime() + ctime); // ==> 1 hour = 60*60*1000 var expires = "expires="+d.toUTCString(); document.cookie = cname + "=" + cvalue + "; " + expires +"; path=/"; } function getCookie(cname) { var name = cname + "="; var ca = document.cookie.split(';'); for(var i=0; i<ca.length; i++) { var c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0)==' ') c = c.substring(1); if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) return c.substring(name.length, c.length); } return ""; } </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/embed.js"></script><script> $(document).ready(function() { if ($("#js-similarity-related-data").length > 0) { $.ajax({ url: '/article/1527529/similarity-related', success: function(response) { $("#js-similarity-related-data").html(response); $("#js-related-articles-menu").show(); $(document).foundation('tab', 'reflow'); MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub]); } }); } }); </script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/jquery-ui-1.10.4.custom.min.css?80647d88647bf347?1732286508"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/magnific-popup.min.css?04d343e036f8eecd?1732286508"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/magnific-popup.min.js?2be3d9e7dc569146?1732286508"></script><script> $(function() { $(".js-show-more-academic-editors").on("click", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).hide(); $(".academic-editor-container").removeClass("hidden"); }); }); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/vmap/jqvmap.min.css?126a06688aa11c13?1732286508"> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/vmap/jquery.vmap.min.js?935f68d33bdd88a1?1732286508"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/vmap/jquery.vmap.world.js?16677403c0e1bef1?1732286508"></script> <script> function updateSlick() { $('.multiple-items').slick('setPosition'); } $(document).ready(function() { $('.multiple-items').slick({ slidesToShow: 1, nextArrow: '<a class="slick-next" href="#"><i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i></a>', prevArrow: '<a class="slick-prev" href="#"><i class="material-icons">chevron_left</i></a>', slidesToScroll: 1, responsive: [ { breakpoint: 1024, settings: { slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, } }, { breakpoint: 600, settings: { slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, } }, { breakpoint: 480, settings: { slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, } } ] }); $('.multiple-items').show(); $(document).on('click', '.reviewReportSelector', function(e) { let path = $(this).attr('data-path'); handleReviews(path, $(this)); }); $(document).on('click', '.viewReviewReports', function(e) { let versionOne = $('#versionTab_1'); if (!versionOne.hasClass('activeTab')) { let path = $(this).attr('data-path'); handleReviews(path, versionOne); } location.href = "#reviewReports"; }); $(document).on('click', '.reviewersResponse, .authorResponse', function(e) { let version = $(this).attr('data-version'); let targetVersion = $('#versionTab_' + version); if (!targetVersion.hasClass('activeTab')) { let path = targetVersion.attr('data-path'); handleReviews(path, targetVersion); } location.href = $(this).attr('data-link'); }); $(document).on('click', '.tab', function (e) { e.preventDefault(); $('.tab').removeClass('activeTab'); $(this).addClass('activeTab') $('.tab').each(function() { $(this).closest('.tab-title').removeClass('active'); }); $(this).closest('.tab-title').addClass('active') }); }); function handleReviews(path, target) { $.ajax({ url: path, context: this, success: function (data) { $('.activeTab').removeClass('activeTab'); target.addClass('activeTab'); $('#reviewSection').html(data.view); }, error: function (xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError) { console.log(xhr.status); console.log(thrownError); } }); } </script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/affix.js?v1?1732286508"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/storage.js?e9b262d3a3476d25?1732286508"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/jquery-scrollspy.js?09cbaec0dbb35a67?1732286508"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/magnific-popup.js?4a09c18460afb26c?1732286508"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/underscore.js?f893e294cde60c24?1732286508"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $('document').ready(function(){ $("#left-column").addClass("show-for-large-up"); $("#middle-column").removeClass("medium-9").removeClass("left-bordered").addClass("medium-12"); $(window).on('resize scroll', function() { /* if ($('.button--drop-down').isInViewport($(".top-bar").outerHeight())) { */ if ($('.button--drop-down').isInViewport()) { $("#js-button-download").hide(); } else { $("#js-button-download").show(); } }); }); $(document).on('DOMNodeInserted', function(e) { var element = $(e.target); if (element.hasClass('menu') && element.hasClass('html-nav') ) { element.addClass("side-menu-ul"); } }); </script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/articles.js?5118449d9ad8913a?1732286508"></script> <script> repositionOpenSideBar = function() { $('#left-column').addClass("show-for-large-up show-for-medium-up").show(); $('#middle-column').removeClass('large-12').removeClass('medium-12'); $('#middle-column').addClass('large-9'); } repositionCloseSideBar = function() { $('#left-column').removeClass("show-for-large-up show-for-medium-up").hide(); $('#middle-column').removeClass('large-9'); $('#middle-column').addClass('large-12').addClass('medium-12'); } </script>   <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="marketing"> !function(e,t,n,s,u,a){e.twq||(s=e.twq=function(){s.exe?s.exe.apply(s,arguments):s.queue.push(arguments); },s.version='1.1',s.queue=[],u=t.createElement(n),u.async=!0,u.src='//static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js', a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],a.parentNode.insertBefore(u,a))}(window,document,'script'); // Insert Twitter Pixel ID and Standard Event data below twq('init','o2pip'); twq('track','PageView'); </script>  <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e6f3eb84b24cdd6',t:'MTczMjM0NDgzNi4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

The Premature Mortality of Sabinos or Montezuma Bald Cypress (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.) in the State of Durango, Mexico