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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 102 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">102 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%85" title="آي بي إم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آي بي إم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85" title="آی‌بی‌ام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آی‌بی‌ام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE" title="আইবিএম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইবিএম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85" title="آی‌بی‌ام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آی‌بی‌ام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE" title="आईबीएम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आईबीएम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%90%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D(%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D)" title="ಐಬಿಎಮ್(ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಯಂತ್ರಗಳು ಕಾರ್ಪೊರೇಷನ್) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಐಬಿಎಮ್(ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಯಂತ್ರಗಳು ಕಾರ್ಪೊರೇಷನ್)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Machines" title="International Business Machines – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="International Business Machines" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Machines_Corporation" title="International Business Machines Corporation – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="International Business Machines Corporation" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE" title="आइबिएम – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="आइबिएम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%91%D0%9C" title="ИБМ – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="ИБМ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82." title="ഐ.ബി.എം. – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐ.ബി.എം." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF.%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80.%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE." title="आय.बी.एम. – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आय.बी.एम." data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%85" title="آى بى ام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="آى بى ام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE" title="आइबिएम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आइबिएम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%87.%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF.%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%AE." title="ଆଇ.ବି.ଏମ. – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଇ.ବି.ଏମ." data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88.%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80.%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%AE" title="ਆਈ.ਬੀ.ਐਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਈ.ਬੀ.ਐਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="آئی بی ایم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئی بی ایم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%85" title="ئای بی ئێم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئای بی ئێم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐபிஎம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐபிஎம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%90%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82" title="ఐబిఎం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఐబిఎం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1" title="ไอบีเอ็ม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอบีเอ็ม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="آئی بی ایم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئی بی ایم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99.%D7%91%D7%99.%D7%A2%D7%9D." title="איי.בי.עם. – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איי.בי.עם." data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="IBM" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">International Business Machines Corporate</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:IBM_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IBM_logo.svg/220px-IBM_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IBM_logo.svg/330px-IBM_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/IBM_logo.svg/440px-IBM_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="401" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo as of 1972</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IBM_Watson.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/IBM_Watson.PNG/200px-IBM_Watson.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/IBM_Watson.PNG/300px-IBM_Watson.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/IBM_Watson.PNG/400px-IBM_Watson.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1549" data-file-height="1037" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Watson_(computer)" title="Watson (computer)">IBM Watson</a> system in 2011</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height: 1.35em;">Public company</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lcddata.html?ticker=IBM">IBM</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">DJIA Component</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%26P_100&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S&P 100 (not yet started)">S&P 100 Component</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500 Component</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;">US4592001014</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122542">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cognitive_computing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cognitive computing (not yet started)">Cognitive computing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;">June 16, 1911<span class="noprint">; 113 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1911-06-16</span>)</span> (as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Computing-Tabulating-Recording_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (not yet started)">Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Endicott,_New_York" title="Endicott, New York">Endicott</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-certificate1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-certificate1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Ranlett_Flint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Ranlett Flint (not yet started)">Charles Ranlett Flint</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><div style="display: inline;" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Armonk,_New_York" title="Armonk, New York">Armonk, New York</a></div>, <div style="display: inline;" class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;">177 countries<sup id="cite_ref-fortune20160201_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortune20160201-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginni_Rometty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginni Rometty (not yet started)">Ginni Rometty</a><br />(<span style="font-size:85%;">Chairwoman, President and CEO</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US $79.139 billion (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-10K_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US $11.400 billion (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-10K_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US $5.753 billion (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-10K_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US $125.35 billion (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-10K_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US $17.594 billion (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-10K_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;">380,300 (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/us-en/">www.ibm.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>International Business Machines Corporation</b> (<b>IBM</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Multinational" class="mw-disambig" title="Multinational">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Technology_company" title="Technology company">technology company</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> that makes and sells software, computer hardware, infrastructure services, and consulting services. IBM is one of the biggest <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Information Technology</a> companies in the world. IBM has had the most patents of any technology company for many years, and has made many important inventions and discoveries that have improved <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a>. </p><p>IBM began in 1911, it was called the "Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company". It was set up by a man named Charles Flint. There were no computers at that time, so IBM made other machines, such as <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriters</a>. In 1924, the company changed its name to International Business Machines (IBM). In 1937, the company's Tabulating Machines were used by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> to record information about Americans, so they could make a new law called the <a href="/wiki/Social_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Security">Social Security</a> Act. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, IBM made guns for the American army. During the 1960s and 1970s IBM dominated the <a href="/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframe computer</a> market. IBM computers were used for American <a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">space exploration</a>. From the 1980s starting in 1981 until 2005, IBM made personal computers. In 2005, IBM sold their personal computer manufacturing to a Chinese company called <a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a>. Today, IBM mostly makes software, and some powerful <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-certificate1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-certificate1911_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Certificate of Incorporation of Computing-Tabulating-Recording-Co, 14th day of June 1911</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fortune20160201-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fortune20160201_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/2016/02/01/ibm-employee-performance-reviews/">"IBM Is Blowing Up Its Annual Performance Review"</a>. <i>fortune.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fortune.com&rft.atitle=IBM+Is+Blowing+Up+Its+Annual+Performance+Review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2016%2F02%2F01%2Fibm-employee-performance-reviews%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIBM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10K-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-10K_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-10K_3-1">3.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-10K_3-2">3.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-10K_3-3">3.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-10K_3-4">3.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance?q=NYSE%3AIBM&fstype=ii&ei=jDT6UOj7A4WQkAXViQE">"IBM Corporation Financials Statements"</a>. <i>United States Securities and Exchange Commission</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Securities+and+Exchange+Commission&rft.atitle=IBM+Corporation+Financials+Statements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Ffinance%3Fq%3DNYSE%253AIBM%26fstype%3Dii%26ei%3DjDT6UOj7A4WQkAXViQE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIBM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/annualreport/2016/images/downloads/IBM-Annual-Report-2016.pdf">"2016 IBM Annual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. IBM.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+IBM+Annual+Report&rft.pub=IBM.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fannualreport%2F2016%2Fimages%2Fdownloads%2FIBM-Annual-Report-2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIBM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="padding:0.25em 0.5em 0.5em 0.75em;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-bottom:0.75em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;"><div style="clear:both;">Find more about<br /><b>IBM</b><br />at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Sister projects">sister projects</a> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/IBM" title="Search Wiktionary"><img alt="Search Wiktionary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><a 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href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/IBM" title="Search Wikiversity"><img alt="Search Wikiversity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/25px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/38px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/50px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/IBM" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/IBM">Learning resources</a> from Wikiversity </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/us-en/">Official website</a></span></span> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961022175210/http://www.ibm.com">IBM website</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived October 22, 1996)</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Business data for IBM Corp.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance?q=IBM">Google Finance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=IBM">Yahoo! Finance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview?symbol=IBM">Reuters</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=786000">SEC filings</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFSamme_Chittum2004" class="citation news cs1">Samme Chittum (March 15, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C00E4DF1631F936A25750C0A9629C8B63&fta=y">"In an I.B.M. Village, Pollution Fears Taint Relations With Neighbors"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+an+I.B.M.+Village%2C+Pollution+Fears+Taint+Relations+With+Neighbors&rft.date=2004-03-15&rft.au=Samme+Chittum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9C00E4DF1631F936A25750C0A9629C8B63%26fta%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIBM" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opencorporates.com/corporate_groupings/IBM">IBM companies</a> grouped at <a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenCorporates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OpenCorporates (not yet started)">OpenCorporates</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Business data for IBM: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance?q=IBM">Google Finance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=IBM">Yahoo! Finance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview?symbol=IBM">Reuters</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=IBM">SEC filings</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10098651">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/150702892">VIAF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90191461">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX254046">Spain</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11993066c">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11993066c">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058508027006706">Catalonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1042-X">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007263041205171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79142877">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/zw9c9vrh41m45fs">Sweden</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000187093&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00406062">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span title="International Business Machines Corporation" class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20010710496&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35713999">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record67040">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB201900621">Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000302763&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810690464705606">Poland</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00641093?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/bd76df85-2fb2-49d1-b4fe-ec7df774c07c">MusicBrainz artist</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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