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mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Stoomenjin" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Stoomenjin" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Stoomenjin" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Stoomenjin" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Konsep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Konsep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stilstaande_stoomenjins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stilstaande_stoomenjins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Stilstaande stoomenjins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stilstaande_stoomenjins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voertuie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voertuie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voertuie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voertuie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teoretiese_Doeltreffendheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teoretiese_Doeltreffendheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Teoretiese Doeltreffendheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teoretiese_Doeltreffendheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_suierstoomenjin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_suierstoomenjin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Die suierstoomenjin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_suierstoomenjin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_stoomturbine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_stoomturbine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Die stoomturbine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_stoomturbine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bronnelys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stoomenjin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 109 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampfmaschine" title="Dampfmaschine – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dampfmaschine" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquina_de_vapor" title="Maquina de vapor – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Maquina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="भाप इंजन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भाप इंजन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="محرك بخاري – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محرك بخاري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ভাপ ইঞ্জিন – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাপ ইঞ্জিন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1quina_de_vapor" title="Máquina de vapor – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Máquina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxar_ma%C5%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1" title="Buxar maşını – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Buxar maşını" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="بوخار ماشینی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوخار ماشینی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Пар машинаһы – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Пар машинаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Парасілавая ўстаноўка – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парасілавая ўстаноўка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Парасілавая ўстаноўка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Парасілавая ўстаноўка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Парна машина – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парна машина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="বাষ্পীয় ইঞ্জিন – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাষ্পীয় ইঞ্জিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanik_dre_vurezh" title="Mekanik dre vurezh – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mekanik dre vurezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parna_ma%C5%A1ina" title="Parna mašina – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Parna mašina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0quina_de_vapor" title="Màquina de vapor – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Màquina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ӏаьнаран машен – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏаьнаран машен" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%DB%8C" title="بزوێنەری ھەڵمی – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بزوێنەری ھەڵمی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parn%C3%AD_stroj" title="Parní stroj – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Parní stroj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peiriant_ager" title="Peiriant ager – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Peiriant ager" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampmaskine" title="Dampmaskine – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dampmaskine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampfmaschine" title="Dampfmaschine – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dampfmaschine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE" title="Ατμομηχανή – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατμομηχανή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Steam engine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporma%C5%9Dino" title="Vapormaŝino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vapormaŝino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1quina_de_vapor" title="Máquina de vapor – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Máquina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurumasin" title="Aurumasin – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aurumasin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurrun-makina" title="Lurrun-makina – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurrun-makina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="موتور بخار – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موتور بخار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6yrykone" title="Höyrykone – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Höyrykone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurumoodor" title="Aurumoodor – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Aurumoodor" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_%C3%A0_vapeur" title="Machine à vapeur – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Machine à vapeur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoommasine" title="Stoommasine – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stoommasine" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inneall_gaile" title="Inneall gaile – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Inneall gaile" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machin_a_vap%C3%B2" title="Machin a vapò – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Machin a vapò" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inneal-sm%C3%B9ide" title="Inneal-smùide – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Inneal-smùide" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1quina_de_vapor" title="Máquina de vapor – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Máquina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8" title="מנוע קיטור – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנוע קיטור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="भाप का इंजन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भाप का इंजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaap_ingin" title="Bhaap ingin – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bhaap ingin" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parni_stroj" title="Parni stroj – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Parni stroj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%91zg%C3%A9p" title="Gőzgép – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gőzgép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Շոգեմեքենա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շոգեմեքենա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machina_de_vapor" title="Machina de vapor – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Machina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_uap" title="Mesin uap – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mesin uap" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporomashino" title="Vaporomashino – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vaporomashino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gufuv%C3%A9l" title="Gufuvél – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gufuvél" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motore_a_vapore" title="Motore a vapore – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Motore a vapore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%97%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2" title="蒸気機関 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蒸気機関" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiim_injin" title="Stiim injin – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Stiim injin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_uwab" title="Mesin uwab – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mesin uwab" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feveku_%C3%B1%C9%A9%C9%A3y%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Feveku ñɩɣyʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Feveku ñɩɣyʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бу машинасы – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бу машинасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಉಗಿಯಂತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಗಿಯಂತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A6%9D%EA%B8%B0%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="증기기관 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="증기기관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Буу машинасы – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Буу машинасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machina_vaporaria" title="Machina vaporaria – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Machina vaporaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_a_vapor" title="Motor a vapor – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Motor a vapor" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garo_ma%C5%A1ina" title="Garo mašina – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Garo mašina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvaika_dzin%C4%93js" title="Tvaika dzinējs – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tvaika dzinējs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Парна машина – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Парна машина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ആവിയന്ത്രം – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആവിയന്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Уурын машин – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уурын машин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="वाफेचे इंजिन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वाफेचे इंजिन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjin_wap" title="Enjin wap – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Enjin wap" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ရေနွေးငွေ့ အင်ဂျင် – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေနွေးငွေ့ အင်ဂျင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="वाष्प इन्जिन – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वाष्प इन्जिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="स्टिम इन्जिन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्टिम इन्जिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoommachine" title="Stoommachine – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stoommachine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampmaskin" title="Dampmaskin – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dampmaskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampmaskin" title="Dampmaskin – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dampmaskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquina_de_vapor" title="Maquina de vapor – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maquina de vapor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A3" title="ਭਾਫ਼ ਦਾ ਇੰਜਣ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਫ਼ ਦਾ ਇੰਜਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silnik_parowy" title="Silnik parowy – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Silnik parowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86" title="بھاف آلا انجن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھاف آلا انجن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DA%93%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86" title="د بړاس ماشين – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د بړاس ماشين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_a_vapor" title="Motor a vapor – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Motor a vapor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapsi_kuyuchina" title="Wapsi kuyuchina – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wapsi kuyuchina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_cu_abur" title="Motor cu abur – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Motor cu abur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Паровая машина – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Паровая машина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Парова машына – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Парова машына" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%D8%A7%DA%A6_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DA%BB" title="ٻاڦ وارو انجڻ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٻاڦ وارو انجڻ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parna_ma%C5%A1ina" title="Parna mašina – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Parna mašina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Steam engine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parn%C3%BD_stroj" title="Parný stroj – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Parný stroj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parni_stroj" title="Parni stroj – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Parni stroj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makina_me_avull" title="Makina me avull – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Makina me avull" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Парна машина – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Парна машина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85ngmaskin" title="Ångmaskin – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ångmaskin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injini_ya_mvuke" title="Injini ya mvuke – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Injini ya mvuke" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="நீராவிப் பொறி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீராவிப் பொறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="ఆవిరి యంత్రం – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆవిరి యంత్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="เครื่องจักรไอน้ำ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องจักรไอน้ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makinang_pinasisingawan" title="Makinang pinasisingawan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Makinang pinasisingawan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhar_makinesi" title="Buhar makinesi – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Buhar makinesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu_y%C3%B6rtke%C3%A7e_(ma%C5%9Fina)" title="Bu yörtkeçe (maşina) – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Bu yörtkeçe (maşina)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="ھور ماشىنىسى – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھور ماشىنىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Парова машина – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парова машина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86" title="دخانی انجن – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دخانی انجن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug%CA%BB_mashinasi" title="Bugʻ mashinasi – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bugʻ mashinasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puruma%C5%A1in" title="Purumašin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Purumašin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_c%C6%A1_h%C6%A1i_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Động cơ hơi nước – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động cơ hơi nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makina_nga_ginpapaalisngawan" title="Makina nga ginpapaalisngawan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Makina nga ginpapaalisngawan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E6%9C%BA" title="蒸汽机 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蒸汽机" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8" title="דאמפמאטאר – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דאמפמאטאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E6%9C%BA" title="蒸汽机 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒸汽机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng-kh%C3%AC_ki-koan" title="Cheng-khì ki-koan – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cheng-khì ki-koan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E6%A9%9F" title="蒸汽機 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蒸汽機" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilumbamdiki_somusi" title="Isilumbamdiki somusi – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isilumbamdiki somusi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12760#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stoomenjin" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Stoomenjin" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stoomenjin"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Stoomenjin"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Stoomenjin" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Stoomenjin" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&oldid=2669924" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Stoomenjin&id=2669924&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStoomenjin"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStoomenjin"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Stoomenjin"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Stoomenjin&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Steam_engines" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12760" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><p>'n <b>Stoomenjin</b> is 'n <a href="/wiki/Hitte-enjin" title="Hitte-enjin">hitte-enjin</a> wat meganiese werk doen deur <a href="/wiki/Stoom" title="Stoom">stoom</a> as 'n werkende vloeier te gebruik. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konsep">Konsep</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Konsep" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Konsep"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Newcomen_atmospheric_engine_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine_animation.gif/250px-Newcomen_atmospheric_engine_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine_animation.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Beginsel van Newcomen se stoomenjin</figcaption></figure> <p>Die idee om kokende water te gebruik met die doel om meganiese beweging te produseer het 'n lang geskiedenis, wat omtrent 2 000 jaar terug dateer. Die vroeë toestelle was nie praktiese kragprodusente nie, maar in die laaste 300 jaar het meer gevorderde ontwerpe wat bruikbare krag kon produseer 'n hoofbron van meganiese krag geword. Dit het gelei tot die <a href="/wiki/Industri%C3%ABle_Revolusie" title="Industriële Revolusie">Industriële Revolusie</a>, wat begin het met toepassings vir mynwaterverwydering deur vakuumenjins te gebruik. </p><p>Ontwikkelings wat daarop gevolg het, het die energie van stoom wat onder druk geplaas is gebruik deur dit om te skakel na roterende beweging. Dit het die aandrywing van vervaardigingsmasjinerie verbreed, en die bedryf daarvan in staat gestel om enige plek waar <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hout" title="Hout">hout</a>- of <a href="/wiki/Steenkool" title="Steenkool">steenkool</a><a href="/wiki/Brandstof" title="Brandstof">brandstowwe</a> verkry kon word. Voorheen was dit beperk tot die ligging van <a href="/wiki/Waterwiel" title="Waterwiel">waterwiele</a> of <a href="/wiki/Windmeul" title="Windmeul">windmeule</a>. Hierdie kragbron sou later toegepas word in hoofaandryfmasjiene, beweegbare toestelle soos stoomtrekkers en spoorweg <a href="/wiki/Lokomotief" title="Lokomotief">lokomotiewe</a>. Moderne stoomturbines genereer omtrent 80% van die <a href="/wiki/Elektriese_krag" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektriese krag">elektriese krag</a> in die wêreld deur 'n verskeidenheid hittebronne te gebruik. </p><p>Stoomenjins is tipies buitebrandenjins, alhoewel ander eksterne hittebronne soos <a href="/wiki/Sonkrag" title="Sonkrag">sonkrag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kernkrag" title="Kernkrag">kernkrag</a> of <a href="/wiki/Geotermiese_krag" title="Geotermiese krag">geotermiese krag</a> ook gebruik kan word. Die hittesiklus is bekend as die Rankine-siklus. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Steam_engine_in_action.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Steam_engine_in_action.gif/250px-Steam_engine_in_action.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Steam_engine_in_action.gif/375px-Steam_engine_in_action.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Steam_engine_in_action.gif/500px-Steam_engine_in_action.gif 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>'n Stoomenjin in werking.</figcaption></figure> <p>In die algemene taalgebruik kan "stoomenjin" verwys na geïntegreerde stoomaanlegte soos spoorweg <a href="/wiki/Stoomlokomotief" title="Stoomlokomotief">stoomlokomotiewe</a> en draagbare enjins, of selfs die masjien alleen, soos in balkenjins en stasionêre stoomenjins. Gespesialiseerde toestelle soos stoomhammers en stoom<a href="/wiki/Heimasjien" title="Heimasjien">heimasjiene</a> is afhanklik van 'n stoomvoorraad vanaf 'n aparte stoomketel. </p><p>'n Stoomenjin is 'n kragwerktuig waarin die warmte-energie van stoom in bewegingsenergie omgesit word. In die suierstoomenjin oefen die stoom 'n krag op 'n suier uit en laat dit heen en weer beweeg. Die beweging van die suier word dan deur middel van 'n as met 'n vliegwiel in 'n draaibeweging omgesit. Die stoomenjin is in die <a href="/wiki/17de_eeu" title="17de eeu">17de eeu</a> ontwikkel en het spoedig water- en windmeulens verdring. </p><p>Voor die uitvinding van die binnebrandenjin was die stoomenjin die belangrikste meganiese kragbron. Reeds in die eerste eeu n.C. het Heron van Alexandrië in sy <i>Pneumatica</i> 'n primitiewe stoomenjin beskryf, waarby stoom in 'n hol sfeer ingelei is en dit deur geboë pypies langs die omtrek verlaat het. Die bol het gedraai as gevolg van die reaksiekrag van die stoom wat uitgeblaas is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stilstaande_stoomenjins">Stilstaande stoomenjins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Stilstaande stoomenjins" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Stilstaande stoomenjins"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dieselfde reaksiebeginsel word byvoorbeeld in die hedendaagse roterende tuinsproeier toegepas. In <a href="/wiki/1601" title="1601">1601</a> het die Italiaanse natuurkundige <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Della_Porta" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Battista Della Porta">Giovanni Battista della Porta</a> (ca. 1538- 1615) 'n apparaat beskryf waarmee water deur stoom in 'n pyp omhoog gedruk kon word. Deur die kondensering van die stoom kon 'n onderdruk geskep word waardeur water uit 'n laer liggende vat opgesuig kon word. </p><p>Dit was ook die beginsel van die eerste bruikbare stoompomp, wat in <a href="/wiki/1698" title="1698">1698</a> deur die Britse werktuigkundige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Savery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Savery (bladsy bestaan nie)">Thomas Savery</a> (1650-1715) gepatenteer is. Die Franse natuurkundige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denis_Papin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denis Papin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Denis Papin</a> (1647-1714) het in <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a> op die gedagte gekom dat die uitsetting van stoom 'n silinder heen en weer kon laat beweeg. Op grond van Papin se voorstelle het die Britse fisikus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Newcomen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Newcomen (bladsy bestaan nie)">Thomas Newcomen</a> (1663-1729) die eerste suksesvolle suierstoomenjin gebou. </p><p>In omstreeks <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a> is Newcomen se stoomenjin by myne in gebruik geneem en dit is oor die algemeen as waterpomp gebruik. <a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a> (1736-1819) het die stoomenjin verbeter en in <a href="/wiki/1769" title="1769">1769</a> ŉ doeltreffender enjin gepatenteer. Hy het ook 'n <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%ABlaar" title="Reëlaar">reëlaar</a> ('n baltoestel) ontwerp waarmee die enjin se toere outomaties konstant gehou is. In <a href="/wiki/1765" title="1765">1765</a> het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Joseph_Cugnot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Joseph Cugnot (bladsy bestaan nie)">Nicolas Joseph Cugnot</a> (1725-1804) 'n stoomaangedrewe motor gebou en in <a href="/wiki/1798" title="1798">1798</a> het <a href="/wiki/Richard_Trevithick" title="Richard Trevithick">Richard Trevithick</a> (1771 -1827) 'n stoomenjin bekend gestel waarin die stoom afwisselend na albei kante van die suier gevoer is. Die enjin is ook gebruik vir die aandrywing van voertuie. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Stilstaande stoomenjins</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Engine_House_(3452966818).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Werkreplika van 'n Newcomen Beam Engine (1712) wat 'n pomp aangedryf het - die helfte binne die gebou en die helfte daarbuite."><img alt="Werkreplika van 'n Newcomen Beam Engine (1712) wat 'n pomp aangedryf het - die helfte binne die gebou en die helfte daarbuite." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Engine_House_%283452966818%29.jpg/126px-Engine_House_%283452966818%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Engine_House_%283452966818%29.jpg/189px-Engine_House_%283452966818%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Engine_House_%283452966818%29.jpg/252px-Engine_House_%283452966818%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3012" data-file-height="2874" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Werkreplika van 'n Newcomen Beam Engine (1712) wat 'n pomp aangedryf het - die helfte binne die gebou en die helfte daarbuite.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Steam_engine_Zeche_Muttental.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Horisontale stoommasjien (1887) word gebruik om roterende krag vir 'n tekstielfabriek in Gronau (Duitsland) te lewer."><img alt="Horisontale stoommasjien (1887) word gebruik om roterende krag vir 'n tekstielfabriek in Gronau (Duitsland) te lewer." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Steam_engine_Zeche_Muttental.jpg/160px-Steam_engine_Zeche_Muttental.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Steam_engine_Zeche_Muttental.jpg/240px-Steam_engine_Zeche_Muttental.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Steam_engine_Zeche_Muttental.jpg/320px-Steam_engine_Zeche_Muttental.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Horisontale stoommasjien (1887) word gebruik om roterende krag vir 'n tekstielfabriek in Gronau (Duitsland) te lewer.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voertuie">Voertuie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Voertuie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Voertuie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trevithick het in <a href="/wiki/1803" title="1803">1803</a> begin met die ontwikkeling van 'n stoomwa vir spoorvervoer. In 1829 het <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Stephenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Stephenson (bladsy bestaan nie)">George Stephenson</a> (1781-1848) sy <i>Rocket</i> gedemonstreer en daarmee die plek van die stoomenjin in spoorverkeer verseker. Intussen het die Amerikaner <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fitch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Fitch (bladsy bestaan nie)">John Fitch</a> (1743-1798) die eerste stoomboot gebou. Dit was toegerus met 2 skepwiele waarmee Fitch in 1790 oor die <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> gevaar het. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulton" title="Robert Fulton">Robert Fulton</a> (1765- 1815) het in 1807 met sy stoomskip van 100 ton, die <i>SS North River</i> (ook die <i>Clermont</i> genoem), in 36 uur ŉ afstand van 200 km op die <a href="/wiki/Hudsonrivier" title="Hudsonrivier">Hudsonrivier</a> afgelê. In <a href="/wiki/1819" title="1819">1819</a> het die <i>SS Savannah</i>, ŉ seilskip wat met 'n stoomenjin toegerus was, die <a href="/wiki/Atlantiese_Oseaan" title="Atlantiese Oseaan">Atlantiese Oseaan</a> oorgesteek. </p><p>Die vaart het 29 dae geduur. Dit sou nog 'n ruk duur voordat die stoomskip die seilskip heeltemal sou verdring. In die <a href="/wiki/19de_eeu" title="19de eeu">19e eeu</a> is die stoomenjin heelwat verbeter. Daar is byvoorbeeld van steeds hoër stoomdrukke en suiersnelhede gebruik gemaak, waardeur die doeltreffendheid verhoog en die werkverrigting verbeter is. In die sewentigerjare van die vorige eeu is 'n enjin met 3 silinders ontwikkel, wat veral in stoomskepe gebruik is. Selfs viersilinderenjins is gebou, maar intussen het die stoomturbine sy verskyning gemaak en meer aftrek begin kry. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Stoomvoertuie</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:AvelingPorter_R10_SteamRoller_rhs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aveling & Porter tipe R10 stoomroller (1901)"><img alt="Aveling & Porter tipe R10 stoomroller (1901)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/AvelingPorter_R10_SteamRoller_rhs.jpg/160px-AvelingPorter_R10_SteamRoller_rhs.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/AvelingPorter_R10_SteamRoller_rhs.jpg/240px-AvelingPorter_R10_SteamRoller_rhs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/AvelingPorter_R10_SteamRoller_rhs.jpg/320px-AvelingPorter_R10_SteamRoller_rhs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4422" data-file-height="3317" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aveling & Porter tipe R10 stoomroller (1901)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:SY_Gondola,_Coniston_Water.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stoomplesierboot op Consistonmeer (1859)"><img alt="Stoomplesierboot op Consistonmeer (1859)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/SY_Gondola%2C_Coniston_Water.jpg/192px-SY_Gondola%2C_Coniston_Water.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/SY_Gondola%2C_Coniston_Water.jpg/288px-SY_Gondola%2C_Coniston_Water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/SY_Gondola%2C_Coniston_Water.jpg/383px-SY_Gondola%2C_Coniston_Water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3884" data-file-height="2433" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stoomplesierboot op Consistonmeer (1859)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Titanic_in_color.png" class="mw-file-description" title="RMS Titanic (1912), destyds die grootse skip in die wêreld"><img alt="RMS Titanic (1912), destyds die grootse skip in die wêreld" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Titanic_in_color.png/163px-Titanic_in_color.png" decoding="async" width="163" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Titanic_in_color.png/245px-Titanic_in_color.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Titanic_in_color.png/326px-Titanic_in_color.png 2x" data-file-width="4100" data-file-height="3016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">RMS Titanic (1912), destyds die grootse skip in die wêreld</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Class_GMAM_4122_(4-8-2%2B2-8-4)_a.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Klas GMA (4-8-2+2-8-4) stoomlokomotief (1953)"><img alt="Suid-Afrikaanse Klas GMA (4-8-2+2-8-4) stoomlokomotief (1953)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Class_GMAM_4122_%284-8-2%2B2-8-4%29_a.JPG/160px-Class_GMAM_4122_%284-8-2%2B2-8-4%29_a.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Class_GMAM_4122_%284-8-2%2B2-8-4%29_a.JPG/240px-Class_GMAM_4122_%284-8-2%2B2-8-4%29_a.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Class_GMAM_4122_%284-8-2%2B2-8-4%29_a.JPG/320px-Class_GMAM_4122_%284-8-2%2B2-8-4%29_a.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Suid-Afrikaanse Klas GMA (4-8-2+2-8-4) stoomlokomotief (1953)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teoretiese_Doeltreffendheid">Teoretiese Doeltreffendheid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Teoretiese Doeltreffendheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Teoretiese Doeltreffendheid"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die teoretiese doeltreffendheid van 'n stoomenjin (verhouding van uitsetenergie tot insetenergie) kan van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termodinamiese_siklus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termodinamiese siklus (bladsy bestaan nie)">Termodinamiese siklus</a> afgelei word. Die vergelyking is </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta =1-{\frac {T_{C}}{T_{H}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>η</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta =1-{\frac {T_{C}}{T_{H}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4a2ac6a158d8e86512c3d7015d7b3f8daa4c607a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:12.156ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta =1-{\frac {T_{C}}{T_{H}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>waar </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>η</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4d701857cf5fbec133eebaf94deadf722537f64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.169ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta }"></span> is die teoretiese doeltreffendheid</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{C}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{C}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/becff78cd94880c5e7354a84d31b69dae139a7d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.839ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{C}}"></span> is die omgewingstemperatuur in absolute eenhede</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{H}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{H}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e0e11e851ec5c37e7291c70bce64d013da939af2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.049ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{H}}"></span> is die temperatuur van stoom in absolute eenhede</li></ul> <p>Byvoorbeeld, as die omgewingstemperatuur 20 °C (293 K) is en die temperatuur van die stoom is 180 °C (453 K) is (teen 'n druk van 1 MPa), dan is die maksimum teoretiese doeltreffendheid </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta =\left(1-{\frac {293}{453}}\right)=35\%}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>η</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>293</mn> <mn>453</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>35</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">%</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta =\left(1-{\frac {293}{453}}\right)=35\%}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d3cba17d69b1aac1c75127ae559dac02acfb4d24" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:23.375ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta =\left(1-{\frac {293}{453}}\right)=35\%}"></span>.</dd></dl> <p>In die praktyk kan hierdie warde nie bereik word nie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Die_suierstoomenjin">Die suierstoomenjin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Die suierstoomenjin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Die suierstoomenjin"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die meeste suierstoomenjins is dubbelwerkend, dit wil sê die stoom word afwisselend aan weerskante van die suier ingelaat. Die toevoer en afvoer van die stoom word met behulp van 'n dubbelwerkende stoomklep beheer. Die heen-en-weer-beweging van die suier word deur middel van ŉ krukstang oorgedra op 'n vliegwiel, wat die <a href="/wiki/Motor" title="Motor">enjin</a> se omwentelings gelykmatig hou, Die toevoer van die stoom vind plaas deur middel van 'n reëlklep wat in 'n vaste tempo oop- en toemaak. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Stoom" title="Stoom">stoom</a> word dikwels na 'n tweede of 'n derde silinder gevoer, waardeur 'n hoër wringkrag verkry kan word. Die stoomenjin het 'n lae toeretal (tussen 100 en 500 omwentelings per minuut) en is nie baie doeltreffend nie. Nietemin word dit nog dikwels as kragbron in walse, skepe, myne en lokomotiewe gebruik. Die doeltreffendheid van die stoomenjin is 15 tot 20 %, in vergelyking met die ongeveer 40 % van die binnebrandenjin. 'n Moderne hoësnelheidstoomenjin kan tot 6 silinders hê, en by 'n druk van tot 4 000 kPa werk. Omdat die kleppe hidroulies gekoppel is, kan toeretalle van tot 1 000 r/ min verkry word terwyl die enjin byna vibrasievry werk. Die kraglewering per silinder is ongeveer 70 kW. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Die_stoomturbine">Die stoomturbine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Die stoomturbine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Die stoomturbine"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 'n stoomturbine word die potensiële energie (druk) van die stoom omgesit in die kinetiese energie (<a href="/wiki/Draaias" title="Draaias">rotasie</a>) van 'n turbinewiel. Die stoom word ingelaat deur staalpype wat so gevorm is dat die stoomdruk afneem terwyl die vloeisnelheid toeneem. Die stoom word dan via toevoerkanale op die vinne van die turbinewiel gerig, waardeur die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbinewiel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turbinewiel (bladsy bestaan nie)">turbinewiel</a> roteer. By die gelykdrukturbine verander die snelheid van die lug nie tussen die vinne nie en die druk bly heeltemal konstant. </p><p>By die oordrukturbine sit die stoom uit en word die snelheid verhoog. In moderne stoomturbines word die stoom dikwels na agtereenvolgende turbinewiele gelei (meertrapturbine) om die turbine se vermoë te verhoog. Die verskillende wiele kan of in een turbinehuls, of in verskillende hulse geplaas word. Die stoomturbine is vroeg in die <a href="/wiki/19de_eeu" title="19de eeu">19de eeu</a> ontwikkel en was 'n uitvloeisel van die <a href="/wiki/Waterturbine" title="Waterturbine">waterturbine</a>. </p><p>Die eerste industriële stoomturbine is in 1831 deur die Amerikaner <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Avery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Avery (bladsy bestaan nie)">William Avery</a> gebou en is veral in houtsaagmeulens en houtbewerkingsmasjinerie gebruik. Die prototipe van die moderne stoomturbine is in die tagtigerjare van die vorige eeu ontwikkel deur die Brit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_A._Parsons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles A. Parsons (bladsy bestaan nie)">Charles A. Parsons</a> (1854- 1931) en die Sweed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Gustav_de_Laval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Gustav de Laval (bladsy bestaan nie)">Carl Gustav de Laval</a> (1845-1913). Vroeg in die <a href="/wiki/20ste_eeu" title="20ste eeu">20ste eeu</a> het die stoomturbine die suierstoomenjin begin verdring. Vandag is die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomturbine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stoomturbine (bladsy bestaan nie)">stoomturbine</a> een van die belangrikste kragbronne, onder meer vir elektrisiteitsontwikkeling. Die toeretal is gewoonlik in die omgewing van 3000 r/min en die doeltreffendheid is ongeveer 30 %. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoomenjin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldspektrum" title="Wêreldspektrum">Wêreldspektrum</a>, 1982, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0908409672" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0908409672</a>, volume 26, bl. 213 - 217</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12760&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12760&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12760" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11966647v">cb11966647v</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11966647v">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4010992-6">4010992-6</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/013887">013887</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85127673">sh85127673</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10643830">10643830</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575025">00575025</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph123975&CON_LNG=ENG">ph123975</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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