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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adaptations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digitization_and_scholarship_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digitization_and_scholarship_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Digitization and scholarship efforts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digitization_and_scholarship_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Walden</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86" title="والدن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="والدن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uolden,_yaxud_me%C5%9F%C9%99d%C9%99_h%C9%99yat" title="Uolden, yaxud meşədə həyat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Uolden, yaxud meşədə həyat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Уолдън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уолдън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden,_o_la_vida_als_boscos" title="Walden, o la vida als boscos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Walden, o la vida als boscos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden" title="Walden – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Walden" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden" title="Walden – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Walden" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden" title="Walden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Walden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden" title="Walden – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Walden" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden" title="Walden – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Walden" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden" title="Walden – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Walden" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86" title="والدن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="والدن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_ou_la_Vie_dans_les_bois" title="Walden ou la Vie dans les bois – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Walden ou la Vie dans les bois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%94%EB%93%A0" title="월든 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="월든" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%AF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ուոլդեն կամ կյանքն անտառում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուոլդեն կամ կյանքն անտառում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden" title="Walden – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Walden" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden" title="Walden – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Walden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_ovvero_Vita_nei_boschi" title="Walden ovvero Vita nei boschi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Walden ovvero Vita nei boschi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%9F_%E2%80%93_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="וולדן – חיים ביער – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וולדן – חיים ביער" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Уолден – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уолден" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden" title="Walden – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Walden" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voldenas,_arba_gyvenimas_mi%C5%A1ke" title="Voldenas, arba gyvenimas miške – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Voldenas, arba gyvenimas miške" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_(boek)" title="Walden (boek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Walden (boek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="वालडेन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वालडेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3_%E6%A3%AE%E3%81%AE%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB" title="ウォールデン森の生活 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウォールデン森の生活" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_o_la_vida_als_b%C3%B2sques" title="Walden o la vida als bòsques – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Walden o la vida als bòsques" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਾਲਡਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਾਲਡਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_(utw%C3%B3r)" title="Walden (utwór) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Walden (utwór)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden" title="Walden – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Walden" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden" title="Walden – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Walden" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83" title="Уолден, или Жизнь в лесу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уолден, или Жизнь в лесу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden" title="Walden – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Walden" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_alebo_%C5%BEivot_v_lese" title="Walden alebo život v lese – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Walden alebo život v lese" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A4m%C3%A4%C3%A4_mets%C3%A4ss%C3%A4" title="Elämää metsässä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elämää metsässä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_(bok)" title="Walden (bok) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Walden (bok)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99" title="วอลเดน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วอลเดน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Волден, або Життя в лісах – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Волден, або Життя в лісах" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BB%E6%B9%96_(%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86)" title="瓦爾登湖 (散文集) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瓦爾登湖 (散文集)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q863534#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1854 book by Henry David Thoreau</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the book by Henry David Thoreau. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Walden_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Walden (disambiguation)">Walden (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Walden <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walden&rft.author=%5B%5BHenry+David+Thoreau%5D%5D&rft.place=United+States"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Walden_Thoreau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Walden_Thoreau.jpg/250px-Walden_Thoreau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Walden_Thoreau.jpg/330px-Walden_Thoreau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Walden_Thoreau.jpg/500px-Walden_Thoreau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="2292" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Original title page of <i>Walden</i> featuring a picture drawn by Thoreau's sister <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Thoreau" title="Sophia Thoreau">Sophia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Walden; or, Life in the Woods</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data">Memoir</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data">August 9, 1854<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ticknor_and_Fields" title="Ticknor and Fields">Ticknor and Fields</a>: Boston)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Walden,_or,_Life_in_the_Woods" class="extiw" title="s:Walden, or, Life in the Woods">Walden</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Walden</b></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>/</a></span></span>; first published as <i><b>Walden; or, Life in the Woods</b></i>) is an 1854 book by American <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">transcendentalist</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a>. The text is a reflection upon the author's simple living in natural surroundings. The work is part personal declaration of independence, <a href="/wiki/Social_experiment" title="Social experiment">social experiment</a>, voyage of spiritual discovery, <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satire</a>, and—to some degree—a manual for <a href="/wiki/Self-sustainability" title="Self-sustainability">self-reliance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Walden</i> details Thoreau's experiences over the course of two years, two months, and two days in a cabin he built near <a href="/wiki/Walden_Pond" title="Walden Pond">Walden Pond</a> amidst woodland owned by his friend and mentor <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord</a>, Massachusetts. </p><p>Thoreau makes precise scientific observations of nature as well as metaphorical and poetic uses of natural <a href="/wiki/Phenomenon" title="Phenomenon">phenomena</a>. He identifies many plants and animals by both their popular and scientific names, records in detail the color and clarity of different bodies of water, precisely dates and describes the freezing and thawing of the pond, and recounts his experiments to measure the depth and shape of the bottom of the supposedly "bottomless" Walden Pond. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walden&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:19.5em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="padding-top:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maxham daguerreotype of Henry David Thoreau, aged 39, made in 1856"><img alt="Maxham daguerreotype of Henry David Thoreau, aged 39, made in 1856" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg/250px-Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg/330px-Benjamin_D._Maxham_-_Henry_David_Thoreau_-_Restored_-_greyscale_-_straightened.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2089" data-file-height="3027" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_David_Thoreau_Signature_SVG.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thoreau's signature"><img alt="Thoreau's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Henry_David_Thoreau_Signature_SVG.svg/250px-Henry_David_Thoreau_Signature_SVG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Henry_David_Thoreau_Signature_SVG.svg/330px-Henry_David_Thoreau_Signature_SVG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Henry_David_Thoreau_Signature_SVG.svg/500px-Henry_David_Thoreau_Signature_SVG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="123" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Core works and topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.4em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Civil_Disobedience_(Thoreau)" title="Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)">Civil Disobedience</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herald_of_Freedom_(essay)" title="Herald of Freedom (essay)">Herald of Freedom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Days_of_John_Brown" title="The Last Days of John Brown">The Last Days of John Brown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_Without_Principle" title="Life Without Principle">Life Without Principle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_(to_be)_Regained" title="Paradise (to be) Regained">Paradise (to be) Regained</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Plea_for_Captain_John_Brown" title="A Plea for Captain John Brown">A Plea for Captain John Brown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reform_and_the_Reformers" title="Reform and the Reformers">Reform and the Reformers</a></i></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Remarks_After_the_Hanging_of_John_Brown" title="Remarks After the Hanging of John Brown">Remarks After the<br />Hanging of John Brown</a></i></div></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Service" title="The Service">The Service</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Raleigh_(essay)" title="Sir Walter Raleigh (essay)">Sir Walter Raleigh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Massachusetts" title="Slavery in Massachusetts">Slavery in Massachusetts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle_and_His_Works" title="Thomas Carlyle and His Works">Thomas Carlyle and His Works</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Walk_to_Wachusett" title="A Walk to Wachusett">A Walk to Wachusett</a></i></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Week_on_the_Concord_and_Merrimack_Rivers" title="A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers">A Week on the Concord and <br />Merrimack Rivers</a></i></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Phillips_Before_the_Concord_Lyceum" title="Wendell Phillips Before the Concord Lyceum">Wendell Phillips Before the<br />Concord Lyceum</a></i></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Writings_of_Henry_D._Thoreau" title="The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau">The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoreau_Society" title="Thoreau Society">Thoreau Society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0.4em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">Anarchism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord, Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objection</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">Ecology</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tax_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="History of tax resistance">History of tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_movement" title="Lyceum movement">Lyceum movement</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance" title="Nonviolent resistance">Nonviolent resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Tax resistance</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tax_resisters" title="Category:Tax resisters">Tax resisters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Thoreau_Spent_in_Jail" title="The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail">The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walden_Pond" title="Walden Pond">Walden Pond</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thoreauviana" title="Template:Thoreauviana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thoreauviana" title="Template talk:Thoreauviana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thoreauviana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thoreauviana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There has been much speculation as to why Thoreau went to live at the pond in the first place. <a href="/wiki/E._B._White" title="E. B. White">E. B. White</a> stated on this note, "Henry went forth to battle when he took to the woods, and <i>Walden</i> is the report of a man torn by two powerful and opposing drives—the desire to enjoy the world and the urge to set the world straight", while <a href="/wiki/Leo_Marx" title="Leo Marx">Leo Marx</a> noted that Thoreau's stay at Walden Pond was an experiment based on his teacher <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a>'s "method and of nature" and that it was a "report of an experiment in transcendental <a href="/wiki/Pastorialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastorialism">pastoralism</a>". </p><p>Others have assumed Thoreau's intention during his time at <a href="/wiki/Walden_Pond" title="Walden Pond">Walden Pond</a> was "to conduct an experiment: Could he survive, possibly even thrive, by stripping away all superfluous luxuries, living a plain, simple life in radically reduced conditions?" He thought of it as an experiment in "<a href="/wiki/Home_economics" title="Home economics">home economics</a>". Although Thoreau went to Walden to escape what he considered "over-civilization", and in search of the "raw" and "savage delight" of the wilderness, he also spent considerable amounts of his time reading and writing.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thoreau used his time at Walden Pond (July 4, 1845 – September 6, 1847) to write his first book, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Week_on_the_Concord_and_Merrimack_Rivers" title="A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers">A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers</a></i> (1849). The experience later inspired <i>Walden</i>, in which Thoreau compresses the time into a single calendar year and uses passages of four seasons to symbolize human development. </p><p>By immersing himself in nature, Thoreau hoped to gain a more objective understanding of society through introspection. <a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a> and <a href="/wiki/Self-sufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-sufficiency">self-sufficiency</a> were Thoreau's other goals. The whole project was inspired by transcendentalist philosophy, a central theme of the <a href="/wiki/Romanticism#United_States" title="Romanticism">American Romantic</a> Period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walden&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Part memoir and part spiritual quest, <i>Walden</i> opens with the announcement that Thoreau spent two years at Walden Pond living a simple life without support of any kind. Readers are reminded that at the time of publication, Thoreau has returned to living among the civilized. The book is separated into several chapters, each of which focuses on specific themes: </p><p><i><b>Economy:</b></i> In this first and longest chapter, Thoreau outlines his project: a two-year, two-month, and two-day stay at a cozy, "tightly shingled and plastered", English-style 10 by 15 foot cottage in the woods near Walden Pond.<sup id="cite_ref-Eserver.org_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eserver.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He does this, he says, to illustrate the spiritual benefits of a simplified lifestyle. He easily supplies the four necessities of life (food, shelter, clothing, and fuel) with the help of family and friends, particularly his mother, his best friend, and Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Waldo Emerson. The latter provided Thoreau with a work exchange: he could build a small house and plant a garden if he cleared some land on the woodlot and did other chores while there.<sup id="cite_ref-Eserver.org_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eserver.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thoreau meticulously records his expenditures and earnings, demonstrating his understanding of "economy", as he builds his house and buys and grows food. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_David_Thoreau_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Henry_David_Thoreau_2.jpg/220px-Henry_David_Thoreau_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Henry_David_Thoreau_2.jpg/330px-Henry_David_Thoreau_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Henry_David_Thoreau_2.jpg/440px-Henry_David_Thoreau_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1978" data-file-height="2081" /></a><figcaption>Henry David Thoreau</figcaption></figure> <p>The house's cost is <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>28.12</span> (equivalent to $948.95 in 2024) and Thoreau gives "the details because very few are able to tell exactly what their houses cost and fewer still, if any, the separate cost of the various materials which compose them": </p> <dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td>Boards</td> <td style="; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">$8<br /> </td> <td style="; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.03½</td> <td>Mostly shanty boards. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Refuse shingles for roof and sides</td> <td style="; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">4<br /> </td> <td style="; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Laths</td> <td style="; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">1<br /> </td> <td style="; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two second-hand windows with glass</td> <td style="; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">2<br /> </td> <td style="; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>One thousand old brick</td> <td style="; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">4<br /> </td> <td style="; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two casks of <a href="/wiki/Lime_(material)" title="Lime (material)">lime</a></td> <td style="; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">2<br /> </td> <td style="; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.40</td> <td>That was high. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hair</td> <td style="; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">0<br /> </td> <td style="; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.31</td> <td>More than I needed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mantle-tree iron</td> <td style="; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">0<br /> </td> <td style="; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nail_(fastener)" title="Nail (fastener)">Nails</a></td> <td style="; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">3<br /> </td> <td style="; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hinges" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinges">Hinges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Screws" class="mw-redirect" title="Screws">screws</a></td> <td style="; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">0<br /> </td> <td style="; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latch" title="Latch">Latch</a></td> <td style="; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">0<br /> </td> <td style="; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">Chalk</a></td> <td style="; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">0<br /> </td> <td style="; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Transportation</td> <td style="; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">1<br /> </td> <td style="; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.40</td> <td>I carried a good part on my back. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">    </span> In all</td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px; text-align:right; border-right: none; padding-right: 0;">$28<br /> </td> <td style="border-top: solid 1px; text-align:left; border-left: none; padding-left: 0;">.12½ </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p><i><b>Where I Lived, and What I Lived For:</b></i> Thoreau recollects thoughts of places he stayed at before selecting Walden Pond, and quotes Roman philosopher <a href="/wiki/Cato_the_Elder" title="Cato the Elder">Cato</a>'s advice "consider buying a farm very carefully before signing the papers".<sup id="cite_ref-Walden_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walden-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His possibilities included a nearby Hollowell farm (where the "wife" unexpectedly decided she wanted to keep the farm). Thoreau takes to the woods dreaming of an existence free of obligations and full of leisure. He announces that he resides far from social relationships that mail represents (post office) and the majority of the chapter focuses on his thoughts while constructing and living in his new home at Walden.<sup id="cite_ref-Eserver.org_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eserver.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><b>Reading:</b></i> Thoreau discusses the benefits of <a href="/wiki/Classical_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical literature">classical literature</a>, preferably in the original <a href="/wiki/Greek_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek (language)">Greek</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, and bemoans the lack of sophistication in Concord evident in the popularity of unsophisticated literature. He also loved to read books by world travelers.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He yearns for a time when each New England village will support "wise men" to educate and thereby ennoble the population. </p><p><i><b>Sounds:</b></i> Thoreau encourages the reader to be "forever on the alert" and "looking always at what is to be seen".<sup id="cite_ref-Walden_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walden-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although truth can be found in literature, it can also be found in nature. In addition to self-development, developing one's perception can also alleviate boredom. Rather than "look[ing] abroad for amusement, to society and the theatre", Thoreau's own life, including supposedly dull pastimes like housework, becomes a source of amusement that "never ceases to be novel".<sup id="cite_ref-Walden_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walden-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, he obtains pleasure in the sounds that fill his cabin: church bells ringing, carriages rattling and rumbling, cows lowing, <a href="/wiki/Whip-poor-will" class="mw-redirect" title="Whip-poor-will">whip-poor-wills</a> singing, owls hooting, frogs croaking, and <a href="/wiki/Cockerels" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockerels">cockerels</a> crowing. "All sound heard at the greatest possible distance," he contends "produces one and the same effect".<sup id="cite_ref-Walden_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walden-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><b>Solitude:</b></i> Thoreau reflects on the feeling of solitude. He explains how loneliness can occur even amongst companions if one's heart is not open to them. Thoreau meditates on the pleasures of escaping society and the petty things that society entails (gossip, fights, etc.). He also reflects on his new companion, an old settler who arrives nearby and an old woman with great memory ("memory runs back farther than mythology").<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thoreau repeatedly reflects on the benefits of nature and of his deep communion with it and states that the only "medicine he needs is a draught of morning air".<sup id="cite_ref-Walden_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walden-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><b>Visitors:</b></i> Thoreau talks about how he enjoys companionship (despite his love for solitude) and always leaves three chairs ready for visitors. The entire chapter focuses on the coming and going of visitors, and how he has more comers in Walden than he did in the city. He receives visits from those living or working nearby and gives special attention to a French Canadian born woodsman named Alec Thérien. Unlike Thoreau, Thérien cannot read or write and is described as leading an "animal life".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He compares Thérien to Walden Pond itself. Thoreau then reflects on the women and children who seem to enjoy the pond more than men, and how men are limited because their lives are taken up. </p><p><i><b>The Bean-Field:</b></i> Reflection on Thoreau's planting and his enjoyment of this new job/hobby. He touches upon the joys of his environment, the sights and sounds of nature, but also on the military sounds nearby. The rest of the chapter focuses on his earnings and his cultivation of crops (including how he spends just under fifteen dollars on this). </p><p><i><b>The Village:</b></i> The chapter focuses on Thoreau's reflections on the journeys he takes several times a week to Concord, where he gathers the latest gossip and meets with townsmen. On one of his journeys into Concord, Thoreau is detained and jailed for his refusal to pay a <a href="/wiki/Poll_tax" title="Poll tax">poll tax</a> to the "state that buys and sells men, women, and children, like cattle at the door of its senate-house".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walden_Pond,_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Walden_Pond%2C_2010.jpg/250px-Walden_Pond%2C_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Walden_Pond%2C_2010.jpg/330px-Walden_Pond%2C_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Walden_Pond%2C_2010.jpg/500px-Walden_Pond%2C_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Walden_Pond" title="Walden Pond">Walden Pond</a>, discussed extensively in chapter <i>The Ponds</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>The Ponds:</b></i> In autumn, Thoreau discusses the countryside and writes down his observations about the geography of Walden Pond and its neighbors: Flint's Pond (or Sandy Pond), White Pond, and Goose Pond. Although Flint's Pond is the largest, Thoreau's favorites are Walden and White ponds, which he describes as lovelier than diamonds. </p><p><i><b>Baker Farm:</b></i> While on an afternoon ramble in the woods, Thoreau gets caught in a rainstorm and takes shelter in the dirty, dismal hut of John Field, a penniless but hard-working Irish farmhand, and his wife and children. Thoreau urges Field to live a simple yet independent and fulfilling life in the woods, thereby freeing himself of employers and creditors. However, the Irishman will not give up his aspirations of luxury and the quest for the American dream. </p><p><i><b>Higher Laws:</b></i> Thoreau discusses whether hunting wild animals and eating meat is necessary. He concludes that the primitive, carnal sensuality of humans drives them to kill and eat animals, and that a person who transcends this propensity is superior to those who cannot. (Thoreau eats fish and occasionally salt pork and woodchuck.)<sup id="cite_ref-Eserver.org_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eserver.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to vegetarianism, he lauds chastity, work, and <a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">teetotalism</a>. He also recognizes that Native Americans need to hunt and kill moose for survival in "The Maine Woods", and eats moose on a trip to Maine while he was living at Walden.<sup id="cite_ref-Eserver.org_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eserver.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here is a list of the laws that he mentions: </p> <ul><li>One must love that of the wild just as much as one loves that of the good.</li> <li>What men already know instinctively is true humanity.</li> <li>The hunter is the greatest friend of the animal which is hunted.</li> <li>No human older than an adolescent would wantonly murder any creature which reveres its own life as much as the killer.</li> <li>If the day and the night make one joyful, one is successful.</li> <li>The highest form of self-restraint is when one can subsist not on other animals, but of plants and crops cultivated from the earth.</li></ul> <p><i><b>Brute Neighbors:</b></i> This chapter is a simplified version of one of Thoreau's conversations with <a href="/wiki/William_Ellery_Channing_(poet)" title="William Ellery Channing (poet)">William Ellery Channing</a>, who sometimes accompanied Thoreau on fishing trips when Channing had come up from Concord. The conversation is about a hermit (Thoreau) and a poet (Channing) and how the poet is absorbed in the clouds while the hermit is occupied with the more practical task of getting fish for dinner and how in the end, the poet regrets his failure to catch fish. The chapter also mentions Thoreau's interaction with a mouse that he lives with, a scene in which an ant battles a smaller ant, and his frequent encounters with cats. </p><p><i><b>House-Warming:</b></i> After picking November berries in the woods, Thoreau adds a chimney, and finally plasters the walls of his sturdy house to stave off the cold of the oncoming winter. He also lays in a good supply of firewood and expresses affection for wood and fire. </p><p><i><b>Former Inhabitants; and Winter Visitors:</b></i> Thoreau tells the stories of people who formerly lived in the vicinity of Walden Pond. Then, he talks about a few of the visitors he receives during the winter: a farmer, a woodchopper, and his best friend, the poet <a href="/wiki/Ellery_Channing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellery Channing">Ellery Channing</a>. </p><p><i><b>Winter Animals:</b></i> Thoreau amuses himself by watching wildlife during the winter. He relates his observations of owls, <a href="/wiki/Snowshoe_Hare" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowshoe Hare">hares</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Squirrel" class="mw-redirect" title="American Red Squirrel">red squirrels</a>, mice, and various birds as they hunt, sing, and eat the scraps and corn he put out for them. He also describes a <a href="/wiki/Fox_hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox hunt">fox hunt</a> that passes by. </p><p><i><b>The Pond in Winter:</b></i> Thoreau describes Walden Pond as it appears during the winter. He says he has sounded its depths and located an underground outlet. Then, he recounts how 100 laborers came to cut great blocks of ice from the pond to be shipped to the <a href="/wiki/Carolinas" title="Carolinas">Carolinas</a>. </p><p><i><b>Spring:</b></i> As spring arrives, Walden and the other ponds melt with powerful thundering and rumbling. Thoreau enjoys watching the thaw, and grows ecstatic as he witnesses the green rebirth of nature. He watches the geese winging their way north, and a hawk playing by itself in the sky. As nature is reborn, the narrator implies, so is he. </p><p><i><b>Conclusion:</b></i> In the final chapter, Thoreau criticizes conformity: "If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away."<sup id="cite_ref-gutenberg_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gutenberg-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By doing so, men may find happiness and self-fulfillment. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I do not say that John or Jonathan will realize all this; but such is the character of that morrow which mere lapse of time can never make to dawn. The light which puts out our eyes is darkness to us. Only that day dawns to which we are awake. There is more day to dawn. The sun is but a morning star.<sup id="cite_ref-gutenberg_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gutenberg-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walden&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Walden" title="Special:EditPage/Walden">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Replica_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin_near_Walden_Pond_and_his_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Replica_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin_near_Walden_Pond_and_his_statue.jpg/220px-Replica_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin_near_Walden_Pond_and_his_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Replica_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin_near_Walden_Pond_and_his_statue.jpg/330px-Replica_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin_near_Walden_Pond_and_his_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Replica_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin_near_Walden_Pond_and_his_statue.jpg/440px-Replica_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin_near_Walden_Pond_and_his_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2738" data-file-height="1825" /></a><figcaption>Memorial with a replica of Thoreau's cabin near Walden</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Site_throeau_cabin_loc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Site_throeau_cabin_loc.jpg/250px-Site_throeau_cabin_loc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Site_throeau_cabin_loc.jpg/330px-Site_throeau_cabin_loc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Site_throeau_cabin_loc.jpg/500px-Site_throeau_cabin_loc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>The site of Thoreau's cabin marked by a <a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">cairn</a> in 1908</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Walden</i> is a difficult book to read for three reasons: First, it was written in an older prose, which uses surgically precise language, extended, allegorical metaphors, long and complex paragraphs and sentences, and vivid, detailed, and insightful descriptions. Thoreau does not hesitate to use metaphors, allusions, understatement, hyperbole, personification, irony, satire, metonymy, synecdoche, and oxymorons, and he can shift from a scientific to a transcendental point of view in mid-sentence. Second, its logic is based on a different understanding of life, quite contrary to what most people would call common sense. Ironically, this logic is based on what most people say they believe. Thoreau, recognizing this, fills <i>Walden</i> with sarcasm, paradoxes, and double entendres. He likes to tease, challenge, and even fool his readers. And third, quite often any words would be inadequate at expressing many of Thoreau's non-verbal insights into truth. Thoreau must use non-literal language to express these notions, and the reader must reach out to understand.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Ken_Kifer" title="Ken Kifer">Ken Kifer</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p><i>Walden</i> emphasizes the importance of solitude, contemplation, and closeness to nature in transcending the "desperate" existence that, he argues, is the lot of most people. The book is not a traditional autobiography, but combines autobiography with a social critique of contemporary Western culture's consumerist and materialist attitudes and its distance from and destruction of nature.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thoreau's proximity to Concord society and his admiration for classical literature suggest that the book is not simply a criticism of society, but also an attempt to engage creatively with the better aspects of contemporary culture. There are signs of ambiguity, or an attempt to see an alternative side of something common. Some of the major themes that are present within the text are: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Self-sustainability" title="Self-sustainability">Self-reliance</a></b>: Thoreau constantly refuses to be in "need" of the companionship of others. Though he realizes its significance and importance, he thinks it unnecessary to <i>always</i> be in search for it. Self-reliance, to him, is economic and social and is a principle that in terms of financial and interpersonal relations is more valuable than anything. To Thoreau, self-reliance can be both spiritual as well as economic. Self-reliance was a key tenet of transcendentalism, famously expressed in Emerson's essay "<a href="/wiki/Self-Reliance" title="Self-Reliance">Self-Reliance</a>".</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Simplicity" title="Simplicity">Simplicity</a></b>: Simplicity seems to be Thoreau's model for life. Throughout the book, Thoreau constantly seeks to simplify his lifestyle: he patches his clothes rather than buy new ones, he minimizes his consumer activity, and relies on leisure time and on himself for everything.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a></b>: In a world where everyone and everything is eager to advance in terms of progress, Thoreau finds it stubborn and skeptical to think that any outward improvement of life can bring inner peace and contentment.</li> <li><b>The need for <a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">spiritual awakening</a></b>: Spiritual awakening is the way to find and realize the truths of life which are often buried under the mounds of daily affairs. Thoreau holds the spiritual awakening to be a quintessential component of life. It is the source from which all of the other themes flow.</li> <li>Man as part of nature</li> <li>Nature and its reflection of human emotions</li> <li>The state as unjust and corrupt</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></b>: Thoreau was an avid meditator and often spoke about the benefits of meditating.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Patience" title="Patience">Patience</a></b>: Thoreau realizes that the methods he tries to employ at Walden Pond will not be instituted in the near future.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He does not like compromise, so he must wait for change to occur.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He does not go into isolation in the woods of Massachusetts for over two years for his own benefit.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thoreau wants to transform the world around him, but understands that it will take time.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style_and_analysis">Style and analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walden&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Style and analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Walden</i> has been the subject of many scholarly articles. Book reviewers, critics, scholars, and many more have published literature on Thoreau's <i>Walden</i>. </p><p>Thoreau carefully recounts his time in the woods through his writing in <i>Walden</i>. Critics have thoroughly analyzed the different writing styles that Thoreau uses. Critic Nicholas Bagnall writes that Thoreau's observations of nature are "lyrical" and "exact".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another critic, Henry Golemba, asserts that the writing style of <i>Walden</i> is very natural.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thoreau employs various styles of writing where his words are both intricate and simple at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His word choice conveys a certain mood.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, when Thoreau describes the silence of nature, the reader may feel that serene moment as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thoreau continues to connect back to nature throughout the book because he wants to depict what he experienced and saw.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many scholars have compared Thoreau to fellow transcendentalist writer <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>. Although Emerson was 14 years his senior, much of Thoreau's writing was influenced by Emerson.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critic John Brooks Moore examined the relationship between Thoreau and Emerson and the effects it had on their respective works.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moore claims that Thoreau did not simply mimic Emerson's work, but he was actually the more dominant one in the relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thoreau has learned from Emerson and some "Emersonism" can be found in his works, but Thoreau's work is distinct from Emerson's.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many critics have also seen the influence of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Thomas Carlyle</a> (a great influence on Emerson), particularly in Thoreau's use of an extended clothing metaphor, which Carlyle had used in <i><a href="/wiki/Sartor_Resartus" title="Sartor Resartus">Sartor Resartus</a></i> (1831).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholars have recognized <i>Walden</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> use of biblical allusions.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such allusions are useful tools to convince readers because the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> is seen as a principal book of truth.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (November 2021)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Walden#Dubious" title="Talk:Walden">discuss</a></i>]</sup> According to scholar Judith Saunders, the signature biblical allusion identified in the book is, "Walden was dead and is alive again."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is almost verbatim from <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son" title="Parable of the Prodigal Son">Luke 15.11–32</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thoreau is personifying Walden Pond to further the story relevant to the Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He compares the process of death and rebirth of the pond to self-transformation in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thoreau_quote_sign_next_to_original_cabin_cairn,_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Thoreau_quote_sign_next_to_original_cabin_cairn%2C_2022.jpg/250px-Thoreau_quote_sign_next_to_original_cabin_cairn%2C_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Thoreau_quote_sign_next_to_original_cabin_cairn%2C_2022.jpg/330px-Thoreau_quote_sign_next_to_original_cabin_cairn%2C_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Thoreau_quote_sign_next_to_original_cabin_cairn%2C_2022.jpg/500px-Thoreau_quote_sign_next_to_original_cabin_cairn%2C_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Sign with Thoreau quotation next to site of cabin, 2022</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walden&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG/220px-Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG/330px-Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG/440px-Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2738" data-file-height="1825" /></a><figcaption>Site of Thoreau's cabin, 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thoreau_and_Walden_Streets_in_Concord,_Mass.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Thoreau_and_Walden_Streets_in_Concord%2C_Mass.JPG/220px-Thoreau_and_Walden_Streets_in_Concord%2C_Mass.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Thoreau_and_Walden_Streets_in_Concord%2C_Mass.JPG/330px-Thoreau_and_Walden_Streets_in_Concord%2C_Mass.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Thoreau_and_Walden_Streets_in_Concord%2C_Mass.JPG/440px-Thoreau_and_Walden_Streets_in_Concord%2C_Mass.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Street names in <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord, Massachusetts</a> named after Thoreau</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Walden</i> enjoyed some success upon its release, but still took five years to sell 2,000 copies,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then went out of print until Thoreau's death in 1862.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite its slow beginnings, later critics have praised it as an American classic that explores natural simplicity, harmony, and beauty. The American poet, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a>, wrote of Thoreau, "In one book ... he surpasses everything we have had in America".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is often assumed that critics initially ignored <i>Walden</i>, and that those who reviewed the book were evenly split or slightly more negative than positive in their assessment of it. But, researchers have shown that <i>Walden</i> actually was "more favorably and widely received by Thoreau's contemporaries than hitherto suspected".<sup id="cite_ref-Dean_and_Scharnhorst_293_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean_and_Scharnhorst_293-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 66 initial reviews that have been found so far, 46 "were strongly favorable".<sup id="cite_ref-Dean_and_Scharnhorst_293_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean_and_Scharnhorst_293-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some reviews were rather superficial, merely recommending the book or predicting its success with the public; others were more lengthy, detailed, and nuanced with both positive and negative comments. Positive comments included praise for Thoreau's independence, practicality, wisdom, "manly simplicity",<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fearlessness. Less than three weeks after the book's publication, Thoreau's mentor, Ralph Waldo Emerson, proclaimed, "All American kind are delighted with <i>Walden</i> as far as they have dared to say."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, the terms "quaint" or "eccentric" appeared in over half of the book's initial reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-Dean_and_Scharnhorst_293_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean_and_Scharnhorst_293-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other terms critical of Thoreau included selfish, strange, impractical, privileged (or "manor born"<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and misanthropic.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One review compared and contrasted Thoreau's form of living to <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>, probably not in the sense of <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>, but instead of <a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">communal living</a> or <a href="/wiki/Religious_communism" title="Religious communism">religious communism</a>. While valuing freedom from possessions, Thoreau was not communal in the sense of practicing sharing or of embracing community. So, communism "is better than our hermit's method of getting rid of encumbrance".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to Thoreau's "manly simplicity", nearly twenty years after Thoreau's death Scottish author <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a> judged Thoreau's endorsement of living alone in natural simplicity, apart from modern society, to be a mark of effeminacy, calling it "womanish solicitude; for there is something unmanly, something almost dastardly" about the lifestyle.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poet <a href="/wiki/John_Greenleaf_Whittier" title="John Greenleaf Whittier">John Greenleaf Whittier</a> criticized what he perceived as the message in <i>Walden</i> that man should lower himself to the level of a <a href="/wiki/Woodchuck" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodchuck">woodchuck</a> and walk on four legs. He said: "Thoreau's <i>Walden</i> is a capital reading, but very wicked and heathenish ... After all, for me, I prefer walking on two legs".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author <a href="/wiki/Edward_Abbey" title="Edward Abbey">Edward Abbey</a> criticized Thoreau's ideas and experiences at Walden in detail throughout his response to <i>Walden</i> called "Down the River with Thoreau", written in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, despite these criticisms, <i>Walden</i> stands as one of America's most celebrated works of literature. <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a> wrote of <i>Walden</i>, "A century and a half after its publication, <i>Walden</i> has become such a totem of the back-to-nature, preservationist, anti-business, civil-disobedience mindset, and Thoreau so vivid a protester, so perfect a crank and hermit saint, that the book risks being as revered and unread as the Bible."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American psychologist <a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a> wrote that he carried a copy of <i>Walden</i> with him in his youth,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and eventually wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Walden_Two" title="Walden Two">Walden Two</a></i> in 1945, a fictional utopia about 1,000 members who live together in a Thoreau-inspired community.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Schulz" title="Kathryn Schulz">Kathryn Schulz</a> has accused Thoreau of <a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">hypocrisy</a>, misanthropy and being sanctimonious based on his writings in <i>Walden</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-neworker1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neworker1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this criticism has been perceived as highly selective.<sup id="cite_ref-newrepublic_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newrepublic-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newrepublic2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newrepublic2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walden&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walden&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> in 2012 bestowed <a href="/wiki/Tracy_Fullerton" title="Tracy Fullerton">Tracy Fullerton</a>, game designer and professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Game_Innovation_Lab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Game Innovation Lab (page does not exist)">Game Innovation Lab</a>, with a $40,000 grant to create, based on the book, a first person, open world video game called <i><a href="/wiki/Walden,_a_game" title="Walden, a game">Walden, a game</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which players "inhabit an open, three-dimensional game world that will simulate the geography and environment of Walden Woods".<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The game production was also supported by grants from the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a> and was part of the Sundance New Frontier Story Lab in 2014. The game was released to critical acclaim on July 4, 2017, celebrating both the day that Thoreau went down to the pond to begin his experiment and the 200th anniversary of Thoreau's birth. It was nominated for the Off-Broadway Award for Best Indie Game at the New York Game Awards 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digitization_and_scholarship_efforts">Digitization and scholarship efforts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walden&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Digitization and scholarship efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Digital Thoreau,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a collaboration among the <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_at_Geneseo" title="State University of New York at Geneseo">State University of New York at Geneseo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Thoreau_Society" title="Thoreau Society">Thoreau Society</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Walden_Woods_Project" title="Walden Woods Project">Walden Woods Project</a>, has developed a fluid text edition of <i>Walden</i><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> across the different versions of the work to help readers trace the evolution of Thoreau's classic work across seven stages of revision from 1846 to 1854. Within any chapter of <i>Walden</i>, readers can compare up to seven manuscript versions with each other, with the Princeton University Press edition,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and consult critical notes drawn from Thoreau scholars, including Ronald Clapper's dissertation <i>The Development of Walden: A Genetic Text</i><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1967) and Walter Harding's <i>Walden: An Annotated Edition</i><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1995). Ultimately, the project will provide a space for readers to discuss Thoreau in the margins of his texts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence">Influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walden&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-In_popular_culture plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_information" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">irrelevant</a> references to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections#"In_popular_culture"_and_"Cultural_references"_material" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">popular culture</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help Wikipedia to <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walden&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing the content or adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">independent sources</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The Dutch writer and psychiatrist <a href="/wiki/Frederik_van_Eeden" title="Frederik van Eeden">Frederik van Eeden</a> used the ideas from this book to create his own vision, back to the nature, at the commune Walden in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> in 1898.</li> <li>In the 1948 book <i><a href="/wiki/Walden_Two" title="Walden Two">Walden Two</a></i> by behavioral psychologist <a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a> the experimental Walden Two Community is mentioned as having the benefits of living in a place like Thoreau's Walden, but "with company".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Mekas" title="Jonas Mekas">Jonas Mekas</a>' 1968 film <i><a href="/wiki/Walden_(1968_film)" title="Walden (1968 film)">Walden</a></i> is loosely inspired by the book.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Craighead_George" title="Jean Craighead George">Jean Craighead George</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/My_Side_of_the_Mountain" title="My Side of the Mountain">My Side of the Mountain</a></i> trilogy (1959) draws heavily from themes expressed in <i>Walden</i>. Protagonist Sam Gribley is nicknamed "Thoreau" by an English teacher he befriends.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shane_Carruth" title="Shane Carruth">Shane Carruth</a>'s second film <i><a href="/wiki/Upstream_Color" title="Upstream Color">Upstream Color</a></i> (2013) features <i>Walden</i> as a central item of its story, and draws heavily on the themes expressed by Thoreau.</li> <li>In 1962, <a href="/wiki/William_Melvin_Kelley" title="William Melvin Kelley">William Melvin Kelley</a> titled his first novel, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Different_Drummer_(novel)" title="A Different Drummer (novel)">A Different Drummer</a></i>, after a famous quote from <i>Walden</i>: "If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer." The quote, as well as another stanza from the book, appears as an epigraph in Kelley's novel, which echoes Thoreau's theme of individualism.</li> <li>The name of the gay men's culture and news magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Drum_(American_magazine)" title="Drum (American magazine)">Drum</a></i>, which began publication in 1964, was inspired by the same quote, which appeared in every edition.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1989 film <i><a href="/wiki/Dead_Poets_Society" title="Dead Poets Society">Dead Poets Society</a></i> heavily features an excerpt from <i>Walden</i> as a motif in the plot.</li> <li>The Finnish symphonic metal band <a href="/wiki/Nightwish" title="Nightwish">Nightwish</a> paraphrased the quote "Rather than love, than money, than fame, give me truth" on their 2011 song "<a href="/wiki/The_Crow,_the_Owl_and_the_Dove" title="The Crow, the Owl and the Dove">The Crow, the Owl and the Dove</a>" from the studio album <i><a href="/wiki/Imaginaerum" title="Imaginaerum">Imaginaerum</a></i>. They also make several references to <i>Walden</i> on their eighth studio album <i><a href="/wiki/Endless_Forms_Most_Beautiful_(album)" title="Endless Forms Most Beautiful (album)">Endless Forms Most Beautiful</a></i> of 2015, including in the song titled "My Walden" and in the song "Alpenglow".</li> <li>The investment research firm <a href="/wiki/Morningstar,_Inc." title="Morningstar, Inc.">Morningstar, Inc.</a> was named for the last sentence in <i>Walden</i> by founder and CEO <a href="/wiki/Joe_Mansueto" title="Joe Mansueto">Joe Mansueto</a>, and the "O" in the company's logo is shaped like a rising sun.</li> <li>In the 2015 video game <i><a href="/wiki/Fallout_4" title="Fallout 4">Fallout 4</a></i>, which takes place in Massachusetts, there exists a location called Walden Pond, where the player can listen to an automated tourist guide detail Thoreau's experience living in the wilderness. At the location there stands a small house which is said to be the same house Thoreau built and stayed in.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_Bridgers" title="Phoebe Bridgers">Phoebe Bridgers</a> references the book in her song "Smoke Signals".</li> <li>In 2018, MC Lars and Mega Ran released a song called "Walden" where they discuss the book and its influence.</li> <li>In the 1997 episode "<a href="/wiki/Weight_Gain_4000" title="Weight Gain 4000">Weight Gain 4000</a>" of <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Cartman" title="Eric Cartman">Eric Cartman</a> "writes" a prize-winning essay copied from <i>Walden</i>, replacing Thoreau's name with his own.</li> <li>Professor Richard Primack from <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a> utilizes information from Thoreau's <i>Walden</i> in <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> research.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>It is suggested that the genre of <a href="/wiki/Nature_writing" title="Nature writing">nature writing</a> in <a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">American literature</a> is derived from Thoreau's <i>Walden</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walden&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAlfred2010" class="citation news cs1">Alfred, Randy (August 9, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2010/08/0809thoreau-walden-published/">"Aug. 9, 1854: Thoreau Warns, 'The Railroad Rides on Us'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Wired News">Wired News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thoreau%2C+H.D.%3B+Shanley%2C+J.L.%2C+ed.%3A+The+Writings+of+Henry+David+Thoreau%3A+Walden.+%28Hardcover%29&rft.pub=Press.princeton.edu&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780691061948&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.princeton.edu%2Ftitles%2F2048.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The development of Walden: a genetic text. (Book, 1968)</i>. [WorldCat.org]. 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May 8, 2012. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31709850">31709850</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walden+%3A+an+annotated+edition+%28Book%2C+1995%29&rft.pub=%5BWorldCat.org%5D&rft.date=2012-05-08&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31709850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalden" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Streitmatter, Rodger (1995). <i>Unspeakable: The Rise of the Gay and Lesbian Press in America.</i> Boston, Faber and Faber. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-19873-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-19873-2">0-571-19873-2</a>, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wulf, Andrea. "A Man for All Seasons." <i>The New York Times Book Review</i>, 21 Apr. 2013, p. 30(L). Gale Literature Resource Center</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ecocriticism and Nineteenth-Century Literature." <i>Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism</i>, edited by Russel Whitaker, vol. 140, 2004. Gale Literature Resource Center</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walden&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Walden,_or,_Life_in_the_Woods" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Walden, or, Life in the Woods"><i>Walden, or, Life in the Woods</i></a></b></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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R. Lenat (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Thoreau_Society" title="Thoreau Society">Thoreau Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State University</a> project.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Template:Henry David Thoreau"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Template talk:Henry David Thoreau"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Henry David Thoreau"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Henry_David_Thoreau136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Category:Books by Henry David Thoreau">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Week_on_the_Concord_and_Merrimack_Rivers" title="A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers">A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers</a></i> (1849)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walden</a></i> (1854)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_David_Thoreau_by_Gaspard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Henry_David_Thoreau_by_Gaspard.jpg/100px-Henry_David_Thoreau_by_Gaspard.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Henry_David_Thoreau_by_Gaspard.jpg/150px-Henry_David_Thoreau_by_Gaspard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Henry_David_Thoreau_by_Gaspard.jpg/200px-Henry_David_Thoreau_by_Gaspard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="228" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Remarks_After_the_Hanging_of_John_Brown" title="Remarks After the Hanging of John Brown">Remarks After the Hanging of John Brown</a></i> (1859)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Essays_by_Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Category:Essays by Henry David Thoreau">Essays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Service" title="The Service">The Service</a>" (1840)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Walk_to_Wachusett" title="A Walk to Wachusett">A Walk to Wachusett</a>" (1842)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Paradise_(to_be)_Regained" title="Paradise (to be) Regained">Paradise (to be) Regained</a>" (1843)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Raleigh_(essay)" title="Sir Walter Raleigh (essay)">Sir Walter Raleigh</a>" (1844)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Herald_of_Freedom_(essay)" title="Herald of Freedom (essay)">Herald of Freedom</a>" (1844)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wendell_Phillips_Before_the_Concord_Lyceum" title="Wendell Phillips Before the Concord Lyceum">Wendell Phillips Before the Concord Lyceum</a>" (1845)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Reform_and_the_Reformers" title="Reform and the Reformers">Reform and the Reformers</a>" (1846–1848)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle_and_His_Works" title="Thomas Carlyle and His Works">Thomas Carlyle and His Works</a></i> (1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Disobedience_(Thoreau)" title="Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)"><i>Resistance to Civil Government</i> (<i>Civil Disobedience</i>)</a> (1849)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Massachusetts" title="Slavery in Massachusetts">Slavery in Massachusetts</a></i> (1854)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Plea_for_Captain_John_Brown" title="A Plea for Captain John Brown">A Plea for Captain John Brown</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Days_of_John_Brown" title="The Last Days of John Brown">The Last Days of John Brown</a></i> (1860)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Walking_(Thoreau)" title="Walking (Thoreau)">Walking</a>" (1861)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Life_Without_Principle" title="Life Without Principle">Life Without Principle</a>" (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excursions_(anthology)" title="Excursions (anthology)"><i>Excursions</i> anthology</a> (1863)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thoreau_Society" title="Thoreau Society">Thoreau Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Writings_of_Henry_D._Thoreau" title="The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau">The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler-Minot_Farmhouse" title="Wheeler-Minot Farmhouse">Wheeler-Minot Farmhouse</a> (birthplace)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoreau%E2%80%93Alcott_House" title="Thoreau–Alcott House">Thoreau–Alcott House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord_Museum" title="Concord Museum">Concord Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walden_Pond" title="Walden Pond">Walden Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walden_Woods_Project" title="Walden Woods Project">Walden Woods Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Thoreau_Spent_in_Jail" title="The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail"><i>The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail</i></a> (1969 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thoreau:_A_Sublime_Life" title="Thoreau: A Sublime Life">Thoreau: A Sublime Life</a></i> (2012 comic book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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<li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frugality" title="Frugality">Frugality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_currency" title="Local currency">Local currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-impact_development_(UK)" title="Low-impact development (UK)">Low-impact development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_frills" title="No frills">No frills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-the-grid" title="Off-the-grid">Off-the-grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">Permaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regift" class="mw-redirect" title="Regift">Regift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-sufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-sufficiency">Self-sufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_living" title="Slow living">Slow living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_movement_(culture)" title="Slow movement (culture)">Slow movement (culture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">Subsistence agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_living" title="Sustainable living">Sustainable living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation" title="Sustainable sanitation">Sustainable sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">War tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWOOF" title="WWOOF">WWOOF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Religious and spiritual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Asceticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detachment_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Detachment (philosophy)">Detachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_movement" title="Jesus movement">Jesus movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant" title="Mendicant">Mendicant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">Mindfulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Monasticism" title="New Monasticism">New Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_people" title="Plain people">Plain people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)" title="Temperance (virtue)">Temperance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_Simplicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Testimony of Simplicity">Testimony of simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_communities" title="Twelve Tribes communities">Twelve Tribes communities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Secular movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-the-land_movement" title="Back-to-the-land movement">Back-to-the-land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car-free_movement" title="Car-free movement">Car-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">Hippie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Ecology" title="Open Source Ecology">Open Source Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_movement_(culture)" title="Slow movement (culture)">Slow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_house_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Small house movement">Small house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_house_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiny house movement">Tiny house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_town" title="Transition town">Transition town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Notable writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Berry" title="Wendell Berry">Wendell Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Callenbach" title="Ernest Callenbach">Ernest Callenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Elgin" title="Duane Elgin">Duane Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gregg_(social_philosopher)" title="Richard Gregg (social philosopher)">Richard Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hodgkinson" title="Tom Hodgkinson">Tom Hodgkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Hubbard" title="Harlan Hubbard">Harlan Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Kumar" title="Satish Kumar">Satish Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Nearing" title="Helen Nearing">Helen Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Nearing" title="Scott Nearing">Scott Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Pilgrim" title="Peace Pilgrim">Peace Pilgrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Rosen_(British_filmmaker)" title="Nick Rosen (British filmmaker)">Nick Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Semple" title="Dugald Semple">Dugald Semple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Schumacher" title="E. F. Schumacher">E. F. Schumacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Skene_Keith_(physician)" title="George Skene Keith (physician)">George Skene Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Modern-day adherents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Boyle_(Moneyless_Man)" title="Mark Boyle (Moneyless Man)">Mark Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Greenfield" title="Robin Greenfield">Robin Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaczynski" title="Ted Kaczynski">Ted Kaczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentti_Linkola" title="Pentti Linkola">Pentti Linkola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Merkel" title="Jim Merkel">Jim Merkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Pilgrim" title="Peace Pilgrim">Peace Pilgrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suelo" title="Suelo">Suelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_(activist)" title="Thomas (activist)">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Anekdote_zur_Senkung_der_Arbeitsmoral" title="Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral">Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Escape_from_Affluenza" title="Escape from Affluenza">Escape from Affluenza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Life_(1975_TV_series)" title="The Good Life (1975 TV series)">The Good Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_and_the_Sledgehammer" title="The Moon and the Sledgehammer">The Moon and the Sledgehammer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Earth_News" title="Mother Earth News">Mother Earth News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Half" title="The Power of Half">The Power of Half</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Small_Is_Beautiful" title="Small Is Beautiful">Small Is Beautiful</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walden</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluenza" title="Affluenza">Affluenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateurism" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateurism">Amateurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Anarcho-primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriate_technology" title="Appropriate technology">Appropriate technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">Bohemianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">Ecological footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_miles" title="Food miles">Food miles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">The good life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">Global warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedonophobia" title="Hedonophobia">Hedonophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_living" title="Intentional living">Intentional living</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Gathering" title="Rainbow Gathering">Rainbow Gathering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itinerant_groups_in_Europe" title="Itinerant groups in Europe">Itinerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-technology">Low-technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_oil" title="Peak oil">Peak oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work%E2%80%93life_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Work–life interface">Work–life interface</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863534#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1255" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863534#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1255" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4243161332355952420006">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83038633">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12152763z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12152763z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35548782">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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