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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pacific Coast Militia Rangers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacific_Coast_Militia_Rangers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Weapons</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Weapons-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Weapons subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rifle_replacement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rifle_replacement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Rifle replacement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rifle_replacement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chain_of_command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chain_of_command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Chain of command</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chain_of_command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patrol_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patrol_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Patrol areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patrol_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Junior_Canadian_Rangers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Junior_Canadian_Rangers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Junior Canadian Rangers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Junior_Canadian_Rangers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Freedoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freedoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Similar_units_of_other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_units_of_other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Similar units of other countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_units_of_other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian Rangers</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Canadian Rangers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Rangers canadiens</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(French)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CanadianRangersCrest.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/CanadianRangersCrest.gif/200px-CanadianRangersCrest.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7e/CanadianRangersCrest.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="350" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Badge of the Canadian Rangers</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1942–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Niche element, scouting role</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data">Domestic operations; surveillance and sovereignty patrols, first response</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">5,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data">Canadian Ranger National Authority, Canadian Army Staff, Ottawa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Vigilans</i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'watching'</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data">Red and green</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/army/corporate/canadian-rangers.html">www<wbr />.canada<wbr />.ca<wbr />/en<wbr />/army<wbr />/corporate<wbr />/canadian-rangers<wbr />.html</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Current<br />commander</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(Canada)" title="Lieutenant-general (Canada)">Lieutenant-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Paul" title="Jocelyn Paul">Jocelyn Paul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="Commander of the Canadian Army">Commander of the Canadian Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Head</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a><sup id="cite_ref-head_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-head-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/NATO_Joint_Military_Symbology" title="NATO Joint Military Symbology">NATO Map Symbol</a><br />(2017)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_(Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame)-_Rangers_-_Arctic_Rangers_(NATO_APP-6D).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_Rangers_-_Arctic_Rangers_%28NATO_APP-6D%29.svg/100px-Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_Rangers_-_Arctic_Rangers_%28NATO_APP-6D%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_Rangers_-_Arctic_Rangers_%28NATO_APP-6D%29.svg/150px-Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_Rangers_-_Arctic_Rangers_%28NATO_APP-6D%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_Rangers_-_Arctic_Rangers_%28NATO_APP-6D%29.svg/200px-Military_Symbol_-_Friendly_Unit_%28Solid_Light_1.5x1_Frame%29-_Rangers_-_Arctic_Rangers_%28NATO_APP-6D%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Canadian Rangers</b> (French: <i lang="fr">Rangers canadiens</i>) are a sub-component of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a> reserves that provides a limited military presence in regions of Canada where stationing conventional Army units would not be practical or economically viable. Formally established on May 23, 1947, the Canadian Rangers employs around 5,000 Rangers.<sup id="cite_ref-number_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-number-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Canadian Rangers are responsible for remote, isolated, and sparsely-populated regions of Canada, such as <a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a> and the coastlines. They regularly conduct surveillance, sovereignty patrols (SOVPATS), and inspections of the <a href="/wiki/North_Warning_System" title="North Warning System">North Warning System</a>. They also act as guides, scouts, and subject-matter experts in such disciplines as <a href="/wiki/Survival_skills" title="Survival skills">wilderness survival</a> when other forces and Army components are in their area of operations. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Canadian Rangers are a unit of the Canadian Armed Forces Army Reserve made up of <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a>, and other Canadians. Though there is a misconception that the Canadian Rangers is a First Nations unit,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (April 2023)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> many Rangers are not; the makeup of each unit simply depends on where the patrol resides. </p><p>The Canadian Rangers provide a limited military presence in Canada's remote areas and receive 12 days per year of formal training (often more days of training are offered but attendance is not mandatory). They are considered to be somewhat always on duty, observing and reporting as part of their daily lives. Canadian Rangers are paid when formally on duty according to the rank they hold within their patrol and when present on operations or during training events. They are paid in accordance with the standard rates of pay for Class-A (part-time) or Class-B (full-time) Reserve forces, except when they are called out for search and rescue missions or domestic operations (such as fighting floods and wildfires), when they are paid as Class-C Reserves and receive the full Regular Force pay and benefits. </p><p>The 5,000 Canadian Rangers are split between five Canadian Ranger patrol groups (CRPGs), commanded by lieutenant-colonels and each allocated to a Canadian division (except 1 CRPG, which is currently allocated to Joint Task Force North). </p> <ul><li>1 CRPG: Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, British Columbia</li> <li>2 CRPG: Quebec</li> <li>3 CRPG: Ontario</li> <li>4 CRPG: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba</li> <li>5 CRPG: Newfoundland and Labrador</li></ul> <p>Each CRPG is unique in its make-up, according to its area of responsibility, its geography, and its ethnic make-up. For instance, 3 CRPG, headquartered in Borden, Ontario, has a single province as its area of operations (AO), while 4 CRPG with its headquarters in Victoria, British Columbia, has four provinces. Thus the unit structures between 3 CRPG and 4 CRPG are very different. 3 CRPG has a unit HQ that contains all its full-time staff and has a number of Canadian Ranger patrols throughout the northern region of its province, whereas 4 CRPG has a unit HQ, a number of traditional sub-units ("companies"), and each company has a number of Canadian Ranger patrols. In all cases, it is the job of the Army full-time staff (mostly Class-B Reserve personnel, except for 1 CRPG whose full-time staff are predominantly Regular Force) allocated to the CRPGs to lead and administer the Canadian Ranger patrols in their unit. The patrols themselves are located in various remote, isolated, and/or coastal communities around Canada and each Canadian Ranger patrol is based on such a community. Canadian Ranger patrols are (on average) approximately 30 members strong (the equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Platoon#Canada" title="Platoon">platoon</a> in a conventional Canadian Army unit) and are led by sergeants. The patrols are further divided into the patrol HQ consisting of the patrol commander (sergeant) and the patrol second-in-command (2IC, a master corporal) and 10-member sections, each commanded by a master corporal who is assisted by a corporal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pacific_Coast_Militia_Rangers">Pacific Coast Militia Rangers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pacific Coast Militia Rangers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern Canadian Rangers can trace their heritage back to the <b>Pacific Coast Militia Rangers</b> (PCMR). Formed on March 3, 1942, the Pacific Coast Militia Rangers were volunteers who patrolled, performed military surveillance, and provided local defence of the <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Coast" title="British Columbia Coast">coastline of British Columbia</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> against the wartime threat of a possible <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> invasion. At their height, the PCMR consisted of 15,000 volunteers in 138 companies under three major patrol areas, which were <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a>, the lower <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Valley" title="Fraser Valley">Fraser Valley</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bridge_River" title="Bridge River">Bridge River</a> area. Some of the principal officers of the PCMR were Lieutenant-Colonel <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Wesley_Peck" title="Cyrus Wesley Peck">Cyrus Wesley Peck</a> VC, Lieutenant-Colonel A.L. Coote and Major H. Ashby.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pacific Coast Militia Rangers were disbanded on September 30, 1945, after Japan's surrender in the Second World War. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Rangers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canadian_Rangers.jpg/220px-Canadian_Rangers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canadian_Rangers.jpg/330px-Canadian_Rangers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canadian_Rangers.jpg/440px-Canadian_Rangers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Canadian Rangers with Lee–Enfield Rifle No. 4 rifles in 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Each Canadian Ranger is issued a red Canadian Ranger <a href="/wiki/Sweatshirt" title="Sweatshirt">sweatshirt</a>, <a href="/wiki/CADPAT" title="CADPAT">CADPAT</a> pants, <a href="/wiki/Combat_boot" title="Combat boot">combat boots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">baseball cap</a>, safety vest, rifle and navigation aids. They are expected to be mostly self-reliant regarding equipment. However, they are also provided with a small amount of patrol-level stores (mostly camp stores – tents, stoves, lanterns, axes, etc.). They are reimbursed for the use of personal vehicles and equipment and are paid for this use according to the nationally established equipment usage rates. Items that a Canadian Ranger could be reimbursed for include <a href="/wiki/Snowmobile" title="Snowmobile">snowmobiles</a> (called light over-snow vehicles, or LOSVs, in the military), <a href="/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle" title="All-terrain vehicle">all-terrain vehicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Watercraft" title="Watercraft">watercraft</a>, trailers, pack horses, <a href="/wiki/Sled_dog" title="Sled dog">sled dog</a> teams, and a variety of tools and equipment (such as radios, <a href="/wiki/Chainsaw" title="Chainsaw">chainsaws</a>, generators, and the like). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weapons">Weapons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Weapons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lee-Enfield_No_4_Mk_I_(1943)_-_AM.032027.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lee-Enfield_No_4_Mk_I_%281943%29_-_AM.032027.jpg/300px-Lee-Enfield_No_4_Mk_I_%281943%29_-_AM.032027.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lee-Enfield_No_4_Mk_I_%281943%29_-_AM.032027.jpg/450px-Lee-Enfield_No_4_Mk_I_%281943%29_-_AM.032027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lee-Enfield_No_4_Mk_I_%281943%29_-_AM.032027.jpg/600px-Lee-Enfield_No_4_Mk_I_%281943%29_-_AM.032027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Lee–Enfield No. 4 Mk I</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1947, the Canadian Rangers have been issued the <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield#Rifle_No_4" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield No 4 rifle</a> in <a href="/wiki/.303_British" title=".303 British">.303 British</a> calibre, with each user being provided with 200 rounds of ammunition every year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At the outset of the Second World War, the rest of the Canadian Army was equipping with Enfield rifles, <a href="/wiki/Bren_light_machine_gun" title="Bren light machine gun">Bren guns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webley_Revolver" title="Webley Revolver">Webley Revolvers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Browning_Hi-Power" title="Browning Hi-Power">Browning-Inglis Hi Power</a> pistols and Canadian production of these weapons was badly needed for overseas service. The Pacific Coast Militia Rangers thus had to make do with what was readily available, often patrolling with their own rifles and shotguns. This led Canadian purchasing agents to look to American sources for rifles. At the time the most popular style of rifle in the North American West was the <a href="/wiki/.30-30_Winchester" title=".30-30 Winchester">.30WCF</a> (.30-30 calibre) <a href="/wiki/Lever_action" title="Lever action">lever action</a>. As such, purchasers considered that the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Model_1894" title="Winchester Model 1894">Winchester 1894</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marlin_336#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Marlin 336">Marlin 36</a> would be easy for the PCMR members to use, as they more than likely had experience with the type already. As a stop-gap until Enfield Rifles became available in numbers for issue, some 3000 Winchesters and an estimated 1800 Marlins were promptly acquired direct from <a href="/wiki/North_Haven,_Connecticut" title="North Haven, Connecticut">North Haven</a> (likely all these firms had on hand). Guns were issued as needed to senior members of the companies, but stocks of .30-30 ammunition was so limited that only six rounds were issued with the rifle while the rest was locked up in the company's armoury, typically in the vault of the local bank. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">bolt action</a> Lee–Enfield was then issued to the PCMR as the standard rifle later during the war and it continued to be used by the Canadian Rangers when they were established in 1947. Due to the economy of the .303 (there were thousands left over after the war) and the robust nature of the rifle (especially in conditions such as extreme cold), it was not replaced for use even after being taken out of general service in the remainder of the Canadian military in the 1950s. It has remained in service with the Canadian Rangers for over 70 years and has proven to be most reliable in adverse conditions even in the Canadian <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> environment. </p><p>With the issue of the <a href="/wiki/Colt_Canada_C19" title="Colt Canada C19">Colt Canada C19</a> as their new service rifle in 2015, the Canadian Rangers were officially gifted their retired Lee-Enfields by the Canadian Armed Forces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rifle_replacement">Rifle replacement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rifle replacement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colt_Canada_C19" title="Colt Canada C19">Colt Canada C19</a></div> <p>Owing to the decreasing availability of spare parts, the replacement of the Lee–Enfield rifle had long been expected, and in August 2011, after user requirements had been determined,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Canadian Forces officially issued a tender request for a bolt-action rifle compatible with <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a> and <a href="/wiki/.308_Winchester" title=".308 Winchester">.308 Winchester</a> ammunition. Approximately 10,000 rifles were to be bought giving the system a service life of about 30 years. Project management was provided by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army's</a>, Director Land Resources (DLR). The new rifles are a Finnish <a href="/wiki/SAKO" title="SAKO">SAKO</a> design, based on the <a href="/wiki/Tikka_T3" title="Tikka T3">Tikka T3 Compact Tactical rifle</a> (CTR). The rifle was being manufactured under licence by <a href="/wiki/Colt_Canada" title="Colt Canada">Colt Canada</a>, set to be in service by 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tender was cancelled in October 2011 due to contractual issues and a new tender was issued in 2014 for replacement rifles with a selection competition in 2015 and the winning design entering service between 2015 and 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2015, Colt Canada was selected to produce the rifle under licence. Thirty-three initial examples of the new rifle based on the CTR were delivered to the 4th Canadian Ranger Patrol Group (4 CRPG) in Victoria, British Columbia, in June 2015, while Canadian Ranger instructors from across all CRPGs concurrently attended "train-the-trainer" training at the Small Arms section at the <a href="/wiki/Combat_Training_Centre" title="Combat Training Centre">Combat Training Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/CFB_Gagetown" title="CFB Gagetown">CFB Gagetown</a>, New Brunswick. "Uncontrolled testing" was completed with 100 rifles in Nunavut in August 2015, while controlled testing was conducted in November 2015 in the British Columbia interior, facilitated by 4 CRPG. The rifles were tested to ensure they would fire properly and remain accurate at temperatures as low as −51 °C (−60 °F) (laboratory conditions), as well as remain robust and serviceable amidst the rigours of transportation in vehicles and in particular on all-terrain vehicles. They are expected to stop all large predators, including <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bears</a>. Feedback from the Canadian Rangers was generally very positive, with only minor adjustments required, and was incorporated in the final production rifles. </p><p>The rifle features a heavy-taper <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> barrel, a detachable 10-round double-stack box magazine, custom iron sights calibrated from 100 to 600 metres, a specially laminated wooden stock with a unique reddish-grey pattern in the wood grain, stainless steel construction with extra corrosion resistant coatings, and enlarged trigger guards and bolt handles so they can be used without removing gloves. The barrel, bolt and receiver are made by Colt Canada under licence from SAKO. In addition to the rifle, the accessories package includes a custom-moulded Pelican hard transport case (suitable for commercial aircraft transportation), plus a soft transport case for vehicles, such as snowmobiles and ATVs. The rifle is also outfitted with a custom sling, extra magazines, a trigger lock and custom cleaning kit. The rifle's hard case and soft case, as well as the rifle butt stock feature the Canadian Ranger badge. The Ranger badge on the rifle stock is engraved and in black relief.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rifle is designated the C19 rifle. Ammunition for the C19 is a proprietary <a href="/wiki/.308_Winchester" title=".308 Winchester">.308 Winchester</a> round made in Quebec solely for the C-19 and consists of the pairing of existing Canadian Forces' match (sniper) brass cases, paired with the <a href="/wiki/Nosler" title="Nosler">Nosler</a> Accubond 180-grain (12 g) bullet. The ammunition designation is the C-180 round. </p><p>As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the DND planned to buy 6,820 rifles.<sup id="cite_ref-Cbc2015-07-10_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cbc2015-07-10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CasrRangerTikka_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CasrRangerTikka-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CasrRangerLeeEnfield_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CasrRangerLeeEnfield-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Including development costs, spare parts, and two million rounds of ammunition, the rifles were expected to cost $28 million. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chain_of_command">Chain of command</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Chain of command"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Canadian Rangers became part of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a> in October 2007, having previously been under the vice chief of the Defence Staff for the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="Commander of the Canadian Army">commander of the Canadian Army</a> is the Canadian Ranger National Authority (CRNA), but, this role is delegated down to the Army chief of staff reserve (ACOS Res), a brigadier-general. The commander of the Canadian Army has a small cadre of CRNA staff in Ottawa, headed by a Class-A (part-time) lieutenant-colonel and consisting of a full-time major and a small number of captains and master warrant officers. The conduit between the CRNA staff and the ACOS REs is the director Army Reserve (DARes), a full colonel. These CRNA staff act as a conduit for information, assist with general development and improvement, assist in generating, modifying, and maintaining policy that addresses the unique nature of the Canadian Rangers (including administrative policy, unit establishment and structure, training policy, and logistical policy), and with the financing (overall funding model) of the Canadian Rangers. These staff are not directly within the <a href="/wiki/Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">chain of command</a> and have no authority over the CRPGs, but, are instead seen as the technical and advisory link between the Canadian Ranger units and the commander of the Canadian Army. </p><p>Command and control of the respective Canadian Ranger units (known as Canadian Ranger patrol groups or CRPGs) is devolved from the commander of the Canadian Army down to his subordinate commanders of the various regional divisions. There are five CRPGs and each CRPG corresponds to one of the regional divisions (as seen below). The CRPGs tend to be provincially oriented, apart from 1 CRPG, which covers the whole of northern Canada north of the <a href="/wiki/60th_parallel_north" title="60th parallel north">60th parallel</a>, and 4 CRPG which covers the four <a href="/wiki/Western_provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Western provinces">western provinces</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>). Each CRPG has a headquarters and a number of patrols, albeit that 4 CRPG's patrols are managed within a company construct, with provincially oriented companies each commanding their own patrols. The patrols tend to be centred on remote communities throughout Canada and are frequently named after the town or village they are from (the Terrace Patrol, in British Columbia, for instance). </p><p>Prince Charles (since September 8, 2022, <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">King of Canada</a>) was made honorary head of the Canadian Rangers and he and his wife, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (now <a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Queen Camilla</a>), were each given the Rangers' red sweatshirt and baseball cap by David Illituk of <a href="/wiki/Kugaaruk" title="Kugaaruk">Kugaaruk</a>, Nunavut; Joseph Catholique of <a href="/wiki/%C5%81utselk%27e" title="Łutselk'e">Łutselk'e</a>, Northwest Territories; Michael Cameron of <a href="/wiki/Salluit" title="Salluit">Salluit</a>, Quebec; and Kelly Suits of <a href="/wiki/Carcross" title="Carcross">Carcross</a>, Yukon, at <a href="/wiki/Rideau_Hall" title="Rideau Hall">Rideau Hall</a> on November 10, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-head_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-head-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patrol_areas">Patrol areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Patrol areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are five main patrol areas of the Canadian Rangers. Each patrol area is directly controlled by the headquarters unit of a Canadian Ranger patrol group or CRPG (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">groupe de patrouilles des Rangers canadiens, GPRC</i>). </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Patrol group </th> <th>Region </th> <th>Part of </th> <th>Patrols </th> <th>Rangers </th> <th>Junior Rangers </th> <th>Headquarters </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1_Canadian_Ranger_Patrol_Group" title="1 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group">1CRPG</a> </td> <td>Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory, Nunavut </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_Canadian_Division" title="3rd Canadian Division">3rd Canadian Division</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">56 </td> <td style="text-align: right">2,000 </td> <td style="text-align: right">1,500 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces_Northern_Area_Headquarters_Yellowknife" title="Canadian Forces Northern Area Headquarters Yellowknife">CFNA HQ Yellowknife</a>, Northwest Territories<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2CRPG </td> <td>Quebec </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_Canadian_Division" title="2nd Canadian Division">2nd Canadian Division</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">25 </td> <td style="text-align: right">696 </td> <td style="text-align: right">585 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint-Jean_(Quebec)" title="Fort Saint-Jean (Quebec)">CFB Saint-Jean</a>, Quebec<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=3_Canadian_Ranger_Patrol_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group (page does not exist)">3CRPG</a> </td> <td>Ontario </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4th_Canadian_Division" title="4th Canadian Division">4th Canadian Division</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">15 </td> <td style="text-align: right">422 </td> <td style="text-align: right">440 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CFB_Borden" title="CFB Borden">CFB Borden</a>, Ontario<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=4_Canadian_Ranger_Patrol_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group (page does not exist)">4CRPG</a> </td> <td>Manitoba, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_Canadian_Division" title="3rd Canadian Division">3rd Canadian Division</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">43 </td> <td style="text-align: right">1,400 </td> <td style="text-align: right">800 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CFB_Esquimalt" title="CFB Esquimalt">CFB Esquimalt</a>, British Columbia<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5CRPG </td> <td>Newfoundland and Labrador </td> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_Canadian_Division" title="5th Canadian Division">5th Canadian Division</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">32 </td> <td style="text-align: right">950 </td> <td style="text-align: right">375 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gander,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador">Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Junior_Canadian_Rangers">Junior Canadian Rangers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Junior Canadian Rangers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Junior_Canadian_Rangers" title="Junior Canadian Rangers">Junior Canadian Rangers</a> (JCR) Programme was created on May 31, 1996, and has more than 3,400 members in 119 locations. Each CRPG is responsible for facilitating the JCRs and receive separate national funding for JCR activity facilitation. Each Canadian Ranger patrol has at least a couple of Canadian Rangers who directly look after the JCRs, and JCR instructors are part of the CRPG's full-time staff. At the national level, the Junior Canadian Ranger programme is maintained by the National Cadet and Junior Canadian Ranger Group, commanded by a brigadier-general. The programme is open to Canadians from ages 12 to 18.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedoms">Freedoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Freedoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Canadian Rangers have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom</a> of several locations throughout its history; these include: </p> <ul><li>Yukon August 22, 2022: <a href="/wiki/Dawson_City" title="Dawson City">Dawson City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hurricane_(Canada)" title="Operation Hurricane (Canada)">Operation Hurricane (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a> appointed honorary member of the Canadian Rangers on November 10, 2009</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Catherine, Princess of Wales">Catherine, Princess of Wales</a> appointed honorary member of the Canadian Rangers on July 5, 2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex">Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex</a> former honorary member of the Canadian Rangers from November 10, 2009 – March 31, 2020.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Similar_units_of_other_countries">Similar units of other countries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Similar units of other countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Force_Surveillance_Units" title="Regional Force Surveillance Units">Regional Force Surveillance Units</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army_Reserve" title="Australian Army Reserve">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/51st_Battalion,_Far_North_Queensland_Regiment" title="51st Battalion, Far North Queensland Regiment">51st Battalion, Far North Queensland Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORFORCE" title="NORFORCE">NORFORCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilbara_Regiment" title="Pilbara Regiment">Pilbara Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_Dog_Sled_Patrol" title="Sirius Dog Sled Patrol">Sirius Dog Sled Patrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Navy" title="Royal Danish Navy">Denmark</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-head-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-head_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-head_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2015</span>. <q>The preliminary cost estimate for the replacement project is $28 million or $4,000 per rifle, he said. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Junior+Canadian+Rangers%E2%80%94Overview&rft.pub=Rangers.dnd.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rangers.dnd.ca%2Fove-ape%2Findex-eng.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Rangers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZingel2022" class="citation web cs1">Zingel, Avery (August 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/canadian-rangers-dawson-city-yukon-anniversary-1.6558936">"Canadian Rangers celebrate 75 years in their birthplace — Dawson City, Yukon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_North" title="CBC North">CBC North</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+North&rft.atitle=Canadian+Rangers+celebrate+75+years+in+their+birthplace+%E2%80%94+Dawson+City%2C+Yukon&rft.date=2022-08-22&rft.aulast=Zingel&rft.aufirst=Avery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnorth%2Fcanadian-rangers-dawson-city-yukon-anniversary-1.6558936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+Rangers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P. Whitney Lackenbauer, <i>The Canadian Rangers: A Living History.</i> Vancouver: UBC Press, 2013.</li> <li>P. Whitney Lackenbauer, editor. <i>Canada's Rangers: Selected Stories, 1942-2012</i>. Kingston: Canadian Defence Academy Press, 2013.</li> <li>P. Whitney Lackenbauer, <i>Vigilans: The 1st Canadian Ranger Patrol Group.</i> Foreword by Rt. Hon. Stephen Harper. Yellowknife: 1 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group, 2015.</li> <li>P. Whitney Lackenbauer, "The Canadian Rangers: A Postmodern Militia That Works." <i>Canadian Military Journal</i> 6/4 (Winter 2005–06). 49–60.</li> <li>P. Whitney Lackenbauer, "Guerrillas in Our Midst: The Pacific Coast Militia Rangers, 1942-45," <i>BC Studies</i> 155 (December 2007). 95–131.</li> <li>P. Whitney Lackenbauer, "Teaching Canada's Indigenous Sovereignty Soldiers ... and Vice Versa: 'Lessons Learned' from Ranger Instructors," <i>Canadian Army Journal</i> 10/2 (Summer 2007). 66–81.</li> <li>P. Whitney Lackenbauer, "Aboriginal Peoples in the Canadian Rangers: Canada's 'Eyes and Ears' in Northern and Isolated Communities," in Hidden in Plain Sight: Contributions of Aboriginal Peoples to Canadian Identity and Culture, Vol. 2 ed. Cora Voyageur, David Newhouse, and Dan Beavon. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011. 306–328.</li> <li>P. Whitney Lackenbauer, "Canada's Northern Defenders: Aboriginal Peoples in the Canadian Rangers, 1947-2005," in <i>Aboriginal Peoples and the Canadian Military: Historical Perspectives</i> edited by P. Whitney Lackenbauer and Craig Mantle. Kingston: CDA Press, 2007. 171–208.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Rangers&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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<ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/army/corporate/canadian-rangers.html">www<wbr />.canada<wbr />.ca<wbr />/en<wbr />/army<wbr />/corporate<wbr />/canadian-rangers<wbr />.html</a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pwnhc.ca/timeline/1925/Rangers_1942.html">The Canadian Rangers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518001111/http://www.pwnhc.ca/timeline/1925/Rangers_1942.html">Archived</a> May 18, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> NWT Historical Timeline, Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_Army" title="Template:Canadian Army"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_Army" title="Template talk:Canadian Army"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_Army" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian Army"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canadian_Army" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="History of the Canadian Army">History of the Canadian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Corps" title="Canadian Corps">Canadian Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Canadian_Army" title="First Canadian Army">First Canadian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada" title="Military history of Canada">Military History of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Frontenac_Library" title="Fort Frontenac Library">Fort Frontenac Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Army_Medical_Corps" title="Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps">Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_peacekeeping" title="Canadian peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="Structure of the Canadian Army">Structure of the Canadian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Canadian_Division" title="2nd Canadian Division">2nd Canadian Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Force_Western_Area" title="Land Force Western Area">3rd Canadian Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Force_Central_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Force Central Area">4th Canadian Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Force_Atlantic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Force Atlantic Area">5th Canadian Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_units_of_the_Canadian_Army" title="List of units of the Canadian Army">List of Units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mechanized brigade groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">1 CMBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">2 CMBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">5 CMBG</a></li> <li>(former) <i><a href="/wiki/4_Canadian_Mechanized_Brigade_Group" title="4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group">4 CMBG</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brigade groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/31_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="31 Canadian Brigade Group">31 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="32 Canadian Brigade Group">32 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="33 Canadian Brigade Group">33 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="34 Canadian Brigade Group">34 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="35 Canadian Brigade Group">35 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="36 Canadian Brigade Group">36 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="37 Canadian Brigade Group">37 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="38 Canadian Brigade Group">38 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="39 Canadian Brigade Group">39 CBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41_Canadian_Brigade_Group" title="41 Canadian Brigade Group">41 CBG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support brigades</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_Canadian_Combat_Support_Brigade" title="6 Canadian Combat Support Brigade">6 CCSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Small arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FN_Minimi#Canada" title="FN Minimi"> C9 light machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Canada_C7_and_C8" title="Colt Canada C7 and C8"> C7 rifle/C8 carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FN_MAG" title="FN MAG">C6 general purpose machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">Browning .50 calibre heavy machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browning_Hi-Power" title="Browning Hi-Power">Browning-HP 9 mm pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_P226" title="SIG Sauer P226">P225, 226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_P320" title="SIG Sauer P320">C22 pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMillan_Tac-50" class="mw-redirect" title="McMillan Tac-50">C15 Long Range Sniper Weapon (LRSW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Hale_M82" class="mw-redirect" title="Parker Hale M82"> C3A1 sniper rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C14_Timberwolf" title="C14 Timberwolf">C14 Timberwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Canada_C19" title="Colt Canada C19">C19 rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Canada_C20_DMR" title="Colt Canada C20 DMR">C20 DMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sako_TRG" title="Sako TRG">C21 sniper rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M67_grenade" title="M67 grenade">C13 fragmentation grenade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M203_grenade_launcher" title="M203 grenade launcher">M203 grenade launcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M72_LAW" title="M72 LAW">M72 SRAAW(L)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crewed weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_recoilless_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Gustav recoilless rifle">Carl Gustav SRAAW(M)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_(missile)" title="Spike (missile)">Spike ATGM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BGM-71_TOW" title="BGM-71 TOW">TOW LRAAW(H)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L16_81mm_mortar" title="L16 81mm mortar">81 mm mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBS_70" title="RBS 70">RBS 70 NG MANPADS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_35_mm_twin_cannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Oerlikon 35 mm twin cannon">Skyguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M101_howitzer" title="M101 howitzer">C3 close support howitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIAT_LG1" title="GIAT LG1">LG1 Mark II 105 mm towed howitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M777_howitzer" title="M777 howitzer"> M777 lightweight 155mm howitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_GMG" title="Heckler & Koch GMG">C16 CASW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armoured fighting vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LAV_III" title="LAV III">LAV III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAV_6" title="LAV 6">LAV VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_Reconnaissance_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle">Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bison_(armoured_personnel_carrier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bison (armoured personnel carrier)">Bison APC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M113_armored_personnel_carrier" title="M113 armored personnel carrier">M113A3 and MTVL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RG-31_Nyala" title="RG-31 Nyala">RG-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textron_tactical_armoured_patrol_vehicle" title="Textron tactical armoured patrol vehicle">Textron TAPV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army_Command_and_Staff_College" title="Canadian Army Command and Staff College">Canadian Army Command and Staff College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Support_Training_Centre" title="Peace Support Training Centre">Peace Support Training Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army_Advanced_Warfare_Centre" title="Canadian Army Advanced Warfare Centre">Canadian Army Advanced Warfare Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Training_Centre" title="Combat Training Centre">Combat Training Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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