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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Falklands_Crisis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Falklands Crisis (disambiguation)">Falklands Crisis</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Reassertion_of_British_sovereignty_over_the_Falkland_Islands_(1833)" title="Special:EditPage/Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (1833)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Reassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands%22+1833">"Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands" 1833</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Reassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands%22+1833+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Reassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands%22+1833&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Reassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands%22+1833+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Reassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands%22+1833">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Reassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands%22+1833&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Re-establishment of British rule on the Falkland Islands in 1833</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (1833)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Clio_c1812.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/HMS_Clio_c1812.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="276" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="276" /></a></span><br />Sketch of brig-sloop <a href="/wiki/HMS_Clio_(1807)" title="HMS Clio (1807)">HMS <i>Clio</i></a> which reasserted British sovereignty in the Falklands</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>December 20, 1832 – January 2, 1833</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> British victory</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> British control of the Falkland islands</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina_%281818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="United Provinces of the Río de la Plata">United Provinces of the Río de la Plata</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Onslow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John James Onslow (page does not exist)">John James Onslow</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pinedo" title="José María Pinedo">José María Pinedo</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><b>Land</b> </p> <ul><li>20 Royal Marines</li></ul> <p><b>Naval</b> </p> <ul><li>1 Brig-Sloop</li> <li>121 man crew</li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><b>Land</b>: </p> <ul><li>19 soldiers</li></ul> <p><b>Naval</b> </p> <ul><li>1 Schooner</li> <li>80 man crew</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Category:History of the Falkland Islands">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="History of the Falkland Islands">History of the <br />Falkland Islands</a><br /></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insigne_Falklandiae.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of the Falkland Islands"><img alt="Arms of the Falkland Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Insigne_Falklandiae.svg/50px-Insigne_Falklandiae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Insigne_Falklandiae.svg/75px-Insigne_Falklandiae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Insigne_Falklandiae.svg/100px-Insigne_Falklandiae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="253" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> Colonial time</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> Continuous settlement</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Vernet" title="Luis Vernet">Argentine settlement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reassertion of British sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Battle of the Falkland Islands">Battle of the Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_invasion_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands">Argentine invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Occupation of the Falkland Islands">Argentine occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_502" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 502">UNSCR 502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> Other</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_history_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Timeline of the history of the Falkland Islands">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Falkland_Islanders" title="Origins of Falkland Islanders">Origins of Falkland Islanders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Template:History of the Falkland Islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Template talk:History of the Falkland Islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the Falkland Islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In December 1832, two naval vessels were sent by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> to <a href="/wiki/Re-assert_British_sovereignty" class="mw-redirect" title="Re-assert British sovereignty">re-assert British sovereignty</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Islas Malvinas</i>), after the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_the_Rio_de_la_Plata" class="mw-redirect" title="United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata">United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata</a> (part of which later became <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>) ignored British diplomatic protests over the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Luis_Vernet" title="Luis Vernet">Luis Vernet</a> as governor of the Falkland Islands and a dispute over fishing rights. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reassertion_of_British_sovereignty_over_the_Falkland_Islands_(1833)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="History of the Falkland Islands">History of the Falkland Islands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vernet_Luis_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Vernet_Luis_Portrait.jpg/170px-Vernet_Luis_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Vernet_Luis_Portrait.jpg/255px-Vernet_Luis_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Vernet_Luis_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption>Luis Vernet</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1765, Captain <a href="/wiki/John_Byron" title="John Byron">John Byron</a> was searching for the mythical <a href="/wiki/Pepys_Island" title="Pepys Island">Pepys Island</a>. Byron explored <a href="/wiki/Saunders_Island_(Falkland_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saunders Island (Falkland Islands)">Saunders Island</a>, which lies 1.5 miles (2.5 km) off the coast of <a href="/wiki/West_Falkland" title="West Falkland">West Falkland</a>. He named the harbour <a href="/wiki/Port_Egmont" title="Port Egmont">Port Egmont</a>, and claimed this and other islands for <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Britain</a>, on the grounds of prior discovery. The next year <a href="/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)">Captain</a> <a href="/wiki/John_MacBride_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John MacBride (Royal Navy officer)">John MacBride</a> established a British settlement at Port Egmont. Independently France had established in 1764 a colony at <a href="/wiki/Port_Louis,_Falkland_Islands" title="Port Louis, Falkland Islands">Port Louis</a>, which it handed over to Spain in 1767. </p><p>The British presence in the west continued, until interrupted by Spain, during the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Crisis_(1770)" class="mw-redirect" title="Falkland Crisis (1770)">Falkland Crisis</a> from 10 July 1770 to 22 January 1771. Economic pressures led Britain to unilaterally withdraw from many overseas settlements in 1774, and they left Port Egmont on 20 May 1774, leaving a plaque asserting their continuing sovereignty over the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-briefhistory2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-briefhistory2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few years later, under orders from Madrid, the Spanish demolished the settlement at Port Egmont and removed the plaque. The Spanish settlement was itself withdrawn in 1811.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The islands remained an important outpost for whalers and sealers who used the islands to shelter from the worst of the South Atlantic weather. By merit of their location, the Falkland Islands have often been the last refuge for ships damaged at sea. Most numerous among those using the islands were British and American <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">sealers</a>, where typically between 40 and 50 ships were engaged in hunting <a href="/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">fur seals</a>. </p><p>In 1823, after its <a href="/wiki/Argentine_War_of_Independence" title="Argentine War of Independence">war of independence against Spain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United Provinces of South America">United Provinces</a> granted land on East Falkland to <a href="/wiki/Luis_Vernet" title="Luis Vernet">Luis Vernet</a>, who first travelled to the islands the following year. That first expedition failed almost as soon as it landed, and a second attempt, in 1826, sanctioned by the British (but delayed until winter by a <a href="/wiki/Cisplatine_War" title="Cisplatine War">Brazilian blockade</a>), also failed after arrival in the islands. In 1828, the United Provinces government granted Vernet all of East Falkland, including all its resources, with exemption from taxation if a colony could be established within three years. He took settlers, some of them British, and before leaving once again sought permission first from the British Consulate in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>. After receiving consent, Vernet agreed to provide regular reports to the British consul and expressed the desire for British protection for his settlement should they decide to re-establish their presence in the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-briefhistory3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-briefhistory3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cawkell_p._50_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cawkell_p._50-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Vernet's return to the Falklands, Puerto Soledad was renamed Puerto Luis. The United Provinces proclaimed Luis Vernet as governor of the islands in 1829. British diplomatic protests at the appointment and declarations of sovereignty were ignored. The United Provinces also granted Vernet exclusive rights to seal hunting in the islands. This too was disputed by the British and US consulates at Buenos Aires but once again the diplomatic protests were ignored. Vernet continued to provide regular reports to the British consul throughout this period. </p><p>In 1831, Luis Vernet with his newly created authority, used the services of a Captain <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Brisbane" title="Matthew Brisbane">Brisbane</a> in the ship <i>Betsy</i> to capture three US vessels (<i>Breakwater</i>, <i>Superior</i> and <i>Harriet</i>) that were hunting seals in Falklands waters. The <i>Breakwater</i> escaped but the catch of the other two ships was confiscated and their crews were arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-Brebbia_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brebbia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vernet returned to the mainland, bringing senior officers of the US vessels to stand trial for violating restrictions on seal hunting. The US consul protested violently against the seizure of US ships and the <a href="/wiki/USS_Lexington_(1825)" title="USS Lexington (1825)">USS <i>Lexington</i></a> sailed to the Falklands. The log of the <i>Lexington</i> reports only the destruction of arms and a powder store, though in his claim against the US government for compensation (rejected by the US government of President <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> in 1885) <a href="/wiki/Luis_Vernet#Vernet's_role_in_the_dispute_over_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Luis Vernet">Vernet</a> stated that the settlement was destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-Tatham2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tatham2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands were declared free from all government, the seven senior members of the settlement were arrested for piracy<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and taken to <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-briefhistory3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-briefhistory3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where they were released without charge on the orders of <a href="/wiki/John_Rodgers_(1772%E2%80%931838)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rodgers (1772–1838)">Commodore Rogers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This latter incident finally convinced the British <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Office">Foreign Office</a> to reassert its sovereignty claim over the islands. Throughout much of 1832, the United Provinces did not have a government representative in the islands. The Buenos Aires government commissioned <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a> <a href="/wiki/Esteban_Mestivier" title="Esteban Mestivier">Esteban Mestivier</a> as the new governor of the islands, to set up a penal colony, but when he arrived at the settlement on 15 November 1832 his soldiers <a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">mutinied</a> and killed him. The mutiny was put down by sailors from the French whaler <i>Jean-Jacques</i> and the British sealer <i>Rapid</i>. Major <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Pinedo" title="José María Pinedo">José María Pinedo</a>, commander of the United Provinces <a href="/wiki/Schooner" title="Schooner">schooner</a> <i>Sarandí</i>, returned just before the British arrived.<sup id="cite_ref-briefhistory3_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-briefhistory3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrival_of_the_squadron">Arrival of the squadron</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reassertion_of_British_sovereignty_over_the_Falkland_Islands_(1833)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Arrival of the squadron"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the command of Captain <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_James_Onslow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John James Onslow (page does not exist)">John James Onslow</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Brig-sloop" class="mw-redirect" title="Brig-sloop">brig-sloop</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Clio_(1807)" title="HMS Clio (1807)">HMS <i>Clio</i></a>, previously stationed at <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, reached Port Egmont on 20 December 1832. It was later joined by <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Tyne_(1826)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Tyne (1826) (page does not exist)">HMS <i>Tyne</i></a>. Their first actions were to repair the fort at Port Egmont and affix a notice of possession. </p><p>Onslow arrived at <a href="/wiki/Port_Louis,_Falkland_Islands" title="Port Louis, Falkland Islands">Puerto Louis</a> on 2 January 1833. Pinedo sent an officer to the British ship, where he was presented with the following written request to replace the Argentine flag with the British one, and leave the location. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I have to direct you that I have received directions from His Excellency and Commander-in-Chief of His Britannic Majesty's ships and vessels of war, South America station, in the name of His Britannic Majesty, to exercise the rights of sovereignty over these Islands. It is my intention to hoist to-morrow the national flag of Great Britain on shore when I request you will be pleased to haul down your flag on shore and withdraw your force, taking all stores belonging to your Government.<sup id="cite_ref-CawkellCawkell1960_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CawkellCawkell1960-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Pinedo entertained plans for resisting, but finally desisted because of his obvious numerical inferiority and the want of enough nationals among his crew (approximately 80% of his forces were British mercenaries who refused to fight their countrymen).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The British forces disembarked on 3 January and switched the flags, delivering the Argentine one to Pinedo, who left on 5 January.<sup id="cite_ref-briefhistory3_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-briefhistory3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recognising Vernet's settlement had British permission, Onslow set about ensuring the continuation of that settlement for the replenishment of passing ships. The <a href="/wiki/Gaucho" title="Gaucho">gauchos</a> had not been paid since Vernet's departure and were anxious to return to the mainland. Onslow persuaded them to stay by paying them in silver for provisions and promising that in the absence of Vernet's authority they could earn their living from the feral cattle on the islands. </p><p>The British vessels did not stay long and departed two days later, leaving <a href="/wiki/William_Dickson_(Falklands)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Dickson (Falklands)">William Dickson</a> (Vernet's storekeeper) in charge of the settlement. Dickson was provided with a flagpole and instructed to fly the British flag whenever a vessel was in harbour. </p><p>Argentina claims that the population of the islands was expelled in 1833;<sup id="cite_ref-DIMAS_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIMAS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, both British and Argentine sources from the time, including the log of the ARA <i>Sarandí</i>, suggest that the colonists were encouraged to remain under Vernet's deputy, Matthew Brisbane.<sup id="cite_ref-briefhistory3_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-briefhistory3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brisbanefitzroy_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brisbanefitzroy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reassertion_of_British_sovereignty_over_the_Falkland_Islands_(1833)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FMIB_47234_Sailing_ship.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/FMIB_47234_Sailing_ship.jpeg/220px-FMIB_47234_Sailing_ship.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/FMIB_47234_Sailing_ship.jpeg/330px-FMIB_47234_Sailing_ship.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/FMIB_47234_Sailing_ship.jpeg/440px-FMIB_47234_Sailing_ship.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>HMS <i>Beagle</i></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/HMS_Beagle" title="HMS Beagle">HMS <i>Beagle</i></a> arrived on 15 March 1833. Vernet dispatched his deputy <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Brisbane" title="Matthew Brisbane">Matthew Brisbane</a> to the islands to take charge of his settlement March 1833. Meeting with <a href="/wiki/Robert_FitzRoy" title="Robert FitzRoy">Captain Fitzroy</a> of the <i>Beagle</i>, he was encouraged to continue with Vernet's enterprise provided there was no attempt to further the ambitions of the United Provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-brisbanefitzroy_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brisbanefitzroy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like Onslow before him, Fitzroy was forced to use his powers of persuasion to encourage the gauchos to continue working in Vernet's establishment: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>During the month we remained in Berkeley Sound, I had much trouble with the crews of whaling or small sealing vessels, as well as with the settlers, who all seemed to fancy that because the British flag was re-hoisted on the Falklands, they were at liberty to do what they pleased with Mr. Vernet's private property, as well as with the wild cattle and horses. The gauchos wished to leave the place, and return to the Plata, but as they were the only useful labourers on the islands, in fact, the only people on whom any dependance could be placed for a regular supply of fresh beef, I interested myself as much as possible to induce them to remain, and with partial success, for seven staid out of twelve.</p></blockquote> <p>Arriving in the Falklands, Fitzroy expected to find the thriving settlement reported by another British officer. Instead, he found the settlement in a derelict state, which Brisbane blamed upon the <i>Lexington'</i>s raid. Fitzroy questioned several members of the settlement who corroborated Brisbane's account:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Next morning Brisbane came on board with his papers, and I was quite satisfied with their tenor, and the explanation which he gave me of his business. Some misapprehension having since arisen about his being authorized by Vernet to act in his stead, I may here mention again (though no longer of any material consequence), that Brisbane's instructions from Vernet authorized him to act as his private agent only, to look after the remains of his private property, and that they had not the slightest reference to civil or military authority. This settled, I went to Port Louis, but was indeed disappointed. Instead of the cheerful little village I once anticipated finding – a few half-ruined stone cottages; some straggling huts built of turf; two or three stove boats; some broken ground where gardens had been, and where a few cabbages or potatoes still grew; some sheep and goats; a few long-legged pigs; some horses and cows; with here and there a miserable-looking human being – were scattered over the fore-ground of a view which had dark clouds, ragged-topped hills, and a wild waste of moorland to fill up the distance. "How is this?" said I, in astonishment, to Mr. Brisbane; "I thought Mr. Vernet's colony was a thriving and happy settlement. Where are the inhabitants? the place seems deserted as well as ruined." "Indeed, Sir, it was flourishing," said he, "but the <i>Lexington</i> ruined it: Captain Duncan's men did such harm to the houses and gardens. I was myself treated as a pirate—rowed stern foremost on board the <i>Lexington</i> – abused on her quarter-deck most violently by Captain Duncan – treated by him more like a wild beast than a human being – and from that time guarded as a felon, until I was released by order of Commodore Rogers." "But," I said, "where are the rest of the settlers? I see but half a dozen, of whom two are old black women; where are the gauchos who kill the cattle?" "Sir, they are all in the country. They have been so much alarmed by what has occurred, and they dread the appearance of a ship of war so much, that they keep out of the way till they know what she is going to do." I afterwards interrogated an old German, while Brisbane was out of sight, and after him a young native of Buenos Ayres, who both corroborated Brisbane's account.</p></blockquote> <p>On departing from the islands Fitzroy expressed his concern for the settlement with its lack of regular authority in a virtually lawless group of islands. </p><p>On 26 August 1833, eight members of the settlement led by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rivero" title="Antonio Rivero">Antonio Rivero</a> ran amok, killing the five senior members.<sup id="cite_ref-briefhistory3_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-briefhistory3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In part this stemmed from the re-imposition of paying the wages of the gauchos in paper vouchers issued by Vernet. </p><p>In 1834 on his second visit <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> commented that: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>After the possession of these miserable islands had been contested by France, Spain, and England, they were left uninhabited. The government of Buenos Aires then sold them to a private individual, but likewise used them, as old Spain had done before, for a penal settlement. England claimed her right and seized them. The Englishman who was left in charge of the flag was consequently murdered. A British officer was next sent, unsupported by any power: and when we arrived, we found him in charge of a population, of which rather more than half were runaway rebels and murderers.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Beagle" title="The Voyage of the Beagle">The Voyage of the Beagle</a></i></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Lieutenant Henry Smith was installed as the first British resident in January 1834; he immediately set about establishing British authority, arresting the murderers. The United Kingdom has held the territory ever since but for a two-month period after the <a href="/wiki/1982_invasion_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands">1982 invasion</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>. </p><p>In Buenos Aires, Vernet was effectively bankrupt and attempts to obtain compensation from the US Government for losses from the <i>Lexington</i> raid proved fruitless. The situation in Buenos Aires was chaotic and diplomatic relations with the US remained ruptured till 1839. He made several approaches to the British Government asking for support to re-establish his business at Port Louis, receiving support from <a href="/wiki/Woodbine_Parish" title="Woodbine Parish">Woodbine Parish</a> (British <a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires" title="Chargé d'affaires">chargé d'affaires</a> in Buenos Aires from 1825 to 1832) as the best qualified person to develop the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Tatham2008_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tatham2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vernet wrote to Lieutenant Smith offering advice, which was gratefully received and acted upon. Smith repeatedly urged Vernet to return to Port Louis but as Vernet became increasingly involved in the territorial dispute with the government in Buenos Aires all communications ceased and no more accounts were sent. An approach to Lieutenant Robert Lowcay, who had succeeded Lieutenant Smith as British resident, to retrieve his property was rebuffed but later he was requested to remove his property as the British government could not be responsible for it.<sup id="cite_ref-CawkellCawkell1960_51_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CawkellCawkell1960_51-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reassertion_of_British_sovereignty_over_the_Falkland_Islands_(1833)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-briefhistory2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-briefhistory2_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071006063029/http://www.falklands.info/history/history2.html">"A brief history of the Falkland Islands Part 2 – Fort St. Louis and Port Egmont"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.falklands.info/history/history2.html">the original</a> on 6 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+brief+history+of+the+Falkland+Islands+Part+2+%E2%80%93+Fort+St.+Louis+and+Port+Egmont&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.falklands.info%2Fhistory%2Fhistory2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands+%281833%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedman2005" class="citation book cs1">Freedman, Lawrence (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gi8nvVVXEaIC&dq=spanish+governors+falklands&pg=PA5"><i>The Official History of the Falklands Campaign: The origins of the Falklands war</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5206-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5206-1"><bdi>978-0-7146-5206-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+History+of+the+Falklands+Campaign%3A+The+origins+of+the+Falklands+war&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-5206-1&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGi8nvVVXEaIC%26dq%3Dspanish%2Bgovernors%2Bfalklands%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands+%281833%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-briefhistory3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-briefhistory3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-briefhistory3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-briefhistory3_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-briefhistory3_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-briefhistory3_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-briefhistory3_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisInglis" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, Jason; Inglis, Alison. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100401100750/http://www.falklands.info/history/history3.html">"Part 3 – Louis Vernet: The Great Entrepreneur"</a>. <i>A brief history of the Falkland Islands</i>. falklands.info. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.falklands.info/history/history3.html">the original</a> on 1 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+brief+history+of+the+Falkland+Islands&rft.atitle=Part+3+%E2%80%93+Louis+Vernet%3A+The+Great+Entrepreneur&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.au=Inglis%2C+Alison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.falklands.info%2Fhistory%2Fhistory3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands+%281833%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cawkell_p._50-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cawkell_p._50_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCawkell2001">Cawkell 2001</a>, p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShuttleworthParish1910">Shuttleworth & Parish 1910</a>, p. 345 "In the course of the year 1829 the Consul-General first called the attention of the Foreign Office to the question of the Falkland Islands. Parish's attention was first called the question early in 1829, when the Buenos Ayreans proposed a scheme for detention of prisoners and convicts in the Islands. Parish at once communicated the intention of the Buenos Ayres Government to the Foreign Office, but before writing his next despatch a new development had arisen. A certain Mt. Louis Vernet had obtained permission from Rosas to colonise Solidad and Staten Island; he had done so with great success, finding the soil suitable for potatoes and other vegetables, the climate excellent, and the prospects for cattle-breeding most promising. Hearing that England claimed sovereignty of the islands, he now applied to Great Britain, through their Charge d'Affairs, for the protection of his colonists."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brebbia-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brebbia_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrebbia2006" class="citation book cs1">Brebbia, C. A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nDDJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA170"><i>Patagonia, a Forgotten Land: From Magellan to Perón</i></a>. WIT Press. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84564-061-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84564-061-3"><bdi>978-1-84564-061-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patagonia%2C+a+Forgotten+Land%3A+From+Magellan+to+Per%C3%B3n&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=WIT+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84564-061-3&rft.aulast=Brebbia&rft.aufirst=C.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnDDJAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands+%281833%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tatham2008-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tatham2008_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tatham2008_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Pepper2008" class="citation book cs1">Peter Pepper, Graham Pascoe (2008). "Luis Vernet". In <a href="/wiki/David_Tatham" title="David Tatham">Tatham, David</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0D0VNAAACAAJ"><i>The Dictionary of Falklands Biography (including South Georgia): From Discovery Up to 1981</i></a>. D. Tatham. pp. 541–544. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9558985-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9558985-0-1"><bdi>978-0-9558985-0-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Luis+Vernet&rft.btitle=The+Dictionary+of+Falklands+Biography+%28including+South+Georgia%29%3A+From+Discovery+Up+to+1981&rft.pages=541-544&rft.pub=D.+Tatham&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-9558985-0-1&rft.aulast=Peter+Pepper&rft.aufirst=Graham+Pascoe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0D0VNAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands+%281833%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ussduncan.org/silas_page13.htm">"Silas Duncan and the Falklands' Incident"</a>. USS Duncan Reunion Association. 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2011</span>. <q>The letters show that the USS Lexington, under the command of Silas Duncan, visited the Falklands in December, 1831, to investigate complaints by American fishermen that a "band of pirates" was operating from the Islands. After finding what he considered proof that at least four American fishing ships had been captured, plundered, and even outfitted for war, Duncan took seven prisoners onboard Lexington and charged them with piracy. The leaders of the prisoners was Louis Vernet, a German, and Matthew Brisbane, an Englishman both of Buenos Aries.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Silas+Duncan+and+the+Falklands%27+Incident&rft.pub=USS+Duncan+Reunion+Association&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ussduncan.org%2Fsilas_page13.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands+%281833%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTatham2008">Tatham 2008</a>, p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CawkellCawkell1960-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CawkellCawkell1960_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCawkellMalingCawkell1960">Cawkell, Maling & Cawkell 1960</a>, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DIMAS-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DIMAS_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cancilleria.gov.ar/portal/seree/malvinas/homeing.html">Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores – the Malvinas Islands</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110531174231/http://www.cancilleria.gov.ar/portal/seree/malvinas/homeing.html">Archived</a> 31 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brisbanefitzroy-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brisbanefitzroy_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brisbanefitzroy_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.2&viewtype=text&pageseq=326&keywords=brisbane">Fitzroy, R., <i>Voyages of the Adventure and Eagle. Volume II</i></a>. Accessed 2 October 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzRoy" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_FitzRoy" title="Robert FitzRoy">FitzRoy, Robert</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.2&viewtype=text&pageseq=326&keywords=brisbane">"Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831–36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N."</a> Darwin Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Narrative+of+the+surveying+voyages+of+His+Majesty%27s+Ships+Adventure+and+Beagle+between+the+years+1826+and+1836%2C+describing+their+examination+of+the+southern+shores+of+South+America%2C+and+the+Beagle%27s+circumnavigation+of+the+globe.+Proceedings+of+the+second+expedition%2C+1831%E2%80%9336%2C+under+the+command+of+Captain+Robert+Fitz-Roy%2C+R.N.&rft.pub=Darwin+Online&rft.aulast=FitzRoy&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DF10.2%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D326%26keywords%3Dbrisbane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands+%281833%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CawkellCawkell1960_51-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CawkellCawkell1960_51_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCawkellMalingCawkell1960">Cawkell, Maling & Cawkell 1960</a>, p. 51</span> </li> </ol></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reassertion_of_British_sovereignty_over_the_Falkland_Islands_(1833)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCawkell1983" class="citation book cs1">Cawkell, Mary Brown Rowan (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wg8aAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Falkland Story, 1592–1982</i></a>. Anthony Nelson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-904614-08-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-904614-08-4"><bdi>978-0-904614-08-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Falkland+Story%2C+1592%E2%80%931982&rft.pub=Anthony+Nelson&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-904614-08-4&rft.aulast=Cawkell&rft.aufirst=Mary+Brown+Rowan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dwg8aAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands+%281833%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCawkellMalingCawkell1960" class="citation book cs1">Cawkell, Mary Brown Rowan; Maling, Derek Hylton; Cawkell, E. M. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x7p4AAAAMAAJ"><i>The Falkland Islands</i></a>. Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Falkland+Islands&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Cawkell&rft.aufirst=Mary+Brown+Rowan&rft.au=Maling%2C+Derek+Hylton&rft.au=Cawkell%2C+E.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx7p4AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands+%281833%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCawkell2001" class="citation book cs1">Cawkell, Mary Brown Rowan (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YG8VAAAACAAJ"><i>The History of the Falkland Islands</i></a>. Anthony Nelson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-904614-55-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-904614-55-8"><bdi>978-0-904614-55-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Falkland+Islands&rft.pub=Anthony+Nelson&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-904614-55-8&rft.aulast=Cawkell&rft.aufirst=Mary+Brown+Rowan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYG8VAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands+%281833%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickens1929" class="citation journal cs1">Dickens, Paul D. (1929). "The Falkland Islands Dispute between the United States and Argentina". <i>The Hispanic American Historical Review</i>. <b>9</b> (4). JSTOR: 471–487. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00182168-9.4.471">10.1215/00182168-9.4.471</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hispanic+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Falkland+Islands+Dispute+between+the+United+States+and+Argentina&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=471-487&rft.date=1929&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F00182168-9.4.471&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=Paul+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands+%281833%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShuttleworthParish1910" class="citation book cs1">Shuttleworth, Nina Louisa Kay; <a href="/wiki/Woodbine_Parish" title="Woodbine Parish">Parish, Woodbine</a> (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lrEaMwEACAAJ"><i>Life of Sir Woodbine Parish, K.C.H., F.R.S., 1796–1882 ... With Portraits and Illustrations</i></a>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Sir+Woodbine+Parish%2C+K.C.H.%2C+F.R.S.%2C+1796%E2%80%931882+...+With+Portraits+and+Illustrations&rft.pub=London&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Shuttleworth&rft.aufirst=Nina+Louisa+Kay&rft.au=Parish%2C+Woodbine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlrEaMwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands+%281833%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTatham2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Tatham" title="David Tatham">Tatham, David</a>, ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0D0VNAAACAAJ"><i>The Dictionary of Falklands Biography (including South Georgia): From Discovery Up to 1981</i></a>. D. Tatham. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9558985-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9558985-0-1"><bdi>978-0-9558985-0-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dictionary+of+Falklands+Biography+%28including+South+Georgia%29%3A+From+Discovery+Up+to+1981&rft.pub=D.+Tatham&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-9558985-0-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0D0VNAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReassertion+of+British+sovereignty+over+the+Falkland+Islands+%281833%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Falkland_Islands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Falkland_Islands" title="Template:Falkland Islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Falkland_Islands" title="Template talk:Falkland Islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Falkland_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Falkland Islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Falkland_Islands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Port Stanley</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="History of the Falkland Islands">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_Crisis_of_1770" title="Falklands Crisis of 1770">1770 Falklands crisis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1833 British Reassertion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Place" title="Hope Place">Hope Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Egmont" title="Port Egmont">Port Egmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Soledad" title="Puerto Soledad">Puerto Soledad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_invasion_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands">1982 invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Geography of the Falkland Islands">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="List of islands of the Falkland Islands">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_Islands" title="Arch Islands">Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bald_Island,_Weddell_Island" title="Bald Island, Weddell Island">Bald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barclay_Island" title="Barclay Island">Barclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barren_Island,_Falkland_Islands" title="Barren Island, Falkland Islands">Barren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Island,_Falkland_Islands" title="Beaver Island, Falkland Islands">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauchene_Island" title="Beauchene Island">Beauchene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_Island,_Falkland_Islands" title="Bird Island, Falkland Islands">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleaker_Island" title="Bleaker Island">Bleaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobs_Island" title="Bobs Island">Bobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken_Island,_Falkland_Islands" title="Broken Island, Falkland Islands">Broken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdwood_Bank" title="Burdwood Bank">Burdwood Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcass_Island" title="Carcass Island">Carcass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunbar_Island" title="Dunbar Island">Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyke_Island" title="Dyke Island">Dyke</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/East_Falkland" title="East Falkland">East Falkland</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lafonia" title="Lafonia">Lafonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Island,_Falkland_Islands" title="East Island, Falkland Islands">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddystone_Rock,_Falkland_Islands" title="Eddystone Rock, Falkland Islands">Eddystone Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_Cays" title="Elephant Cays">Elephant Cays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddystone_Rock,_Falkland_Islands" title="Eddystone Rock, Falkland Islands">Eddystone Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Island,_Falkland_Islands" title="Fox Island, Falkland Islands">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Island" title="George Island">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golding_Island" title="Golding Island">Golding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Island,_Falkland_Islands" title="Great Island, Falkland Islands">Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hog_Island,_Falkland_Islands" title="Hog Island, Falkland Islands">Hog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummock_Island" title="Hummock Island">Hummock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Islands" title="Jason Islands">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keppel_Island" title="Keppel Island">Keppel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney_Island" title="Kidney Island">Kidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lively_Island" title="Lively Island">Lively</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island,_Falkland_Islands" title="Long Island, Falkland Islands">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Island" title="New Island">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Islands" title="Passage Islands">Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Island" title="Pebble Island">Pebble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Island" title="Penn Island">Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Island,_Falkland_Islands" title="Quaker Island, Falkland Islands">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Island,_Falkland_Islands" title="Rabbit Island, Falkland Islands">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruggles_Island" title="Ruggles Island">Ruggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Bay_Island" title="Sandy Bay Island">Sandy Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saunders_Island,_Falkland_Islands" title="Saunders Island, Falkland Islands">Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Dog_Island" title="Sea Dog Island">Sea Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Lion_Island" title="Sea Lion Island">Sea Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedwell_Island" title="Speedwell Island">Speedwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_Island,_Falkland_Islands" title="Split Island, Falkland Islands">Split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staats_Island" title="Staats Island">Staats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Islands,_Falkland_Islands" title="Swan Islands, Falkland Islands">Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Island" title="Tea Island">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyssen_Islands" title="Tyssen Islands">Tyssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_Island" title="Weddell Island">Weddell</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Falkland" title="West Falkland">West Falkland</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Island" title="West Point Island">West Point</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="List of settlements in the Falkland Islands">Locations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_Bay" title="Ajax Bay">Ajax Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Harbours" title="Bay of Harbours">Bay of Harbours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha%27s_Beach_Important_Bird_Area" title="Bertha's Beach Important Bird Area">Bertha's Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluff_Cove" title="Bluff Cove">Bluff Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenton_Loch" title="Brenton Loch">Brenton Loch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Point" title="Bull Point">Bull Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Heights" title="Byron Heights">Byron Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_(Falkland_Islands)" title="Camp (Falkland Islands)">Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Bougainville" title="Cape Bougainville">Cape Bougainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Pembroke" title="Cape Pembroke">Cape Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres,_Falkland_Islands" title="Chartres, Falkland Islands">Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Harbour,_Weddell_Island" title="Chatham Harbour, Weddell Island">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circum_Peak" title="Circum Peak">Circum Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Falkland_Islands" title="Darwin, Falkland Islands">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Falkland_Islands" title="Douglas, Falkland Islands">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunnose_Head,_West_Falkland" title="Dunnose Head, West Falkland">Dunnose Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Passage" title="Eagle Passage">Eagle Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Sound" title="Falkland Sound">Falkland Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzroy,_Falkland_Islands" title="Fitzroy, Falkland Islands">Fitzroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Bay" title="Fox Bay">Fox Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Harbour" title="French Harbour">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_Green" title="Goose Green">Goose Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantham_Sound" title="Grantham Sound">Grantham Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Patch" title="Green Patch">Green Patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gull_Harbour" title="Gull Harbour">Gull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Cove" title="Hill Cove">Hill Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Harbour" title="Hope Harbour">Hope Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornby_Mountains" title="Hornby Mountains">Hornby Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Block" title="Horse Block">Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoste_Inlet" title="Hoste Inlet">Hoste Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson%27s_Harbour" title="Johnson's Harbour">Johnson's Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafonia" title="Lafonia">Lafonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loop_Head,_Weddell_Island" title="Loop Head, Weddell Island">Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Adam_(Falkland_Islands)" title="Mount Adam (Falkland Islands)">Mount Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Alice_(Falkland_Islands)" title="Mount Alice (Falkland Islands)">Mount Alice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Maria" title="Mount Maria">Mount Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Usborne" title="Mount Usborne">Mount Usborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Weddell" title="Mount Weddell">Mount Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Falkland_Islands" title="New Haven, Falkland Islands">New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year_Cove" title="New Year Cove">New Year Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Arm" title="North Arm">North Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orqueta" title="Orqueta">Orqueta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Island_Settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Pebble Island Settlement">Pebble Island Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillar_Bluff" title="Pillar Bluff">Pillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Peak" title="Pleasant Peak">Pleasant Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Albemarle" title="Port Albemarle">Port Albemarle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Howard" title="Port Howard">Port Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Louis,_Falkland_Islands" title="Port Louis, Falkland Islands">Port Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Patterson" title="Port Patterson">Port Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_San_Carlos" title="Port San Carlos">Port San Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Stephens,_Falkland_Islands" title="Port Stephens, Falkland Islands">Port Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Harbour" title="Quaker Harbour">Quaker Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_Point" title="Race Point">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rincon_Grande" title="Rincon Grande">Rincon Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Cove" title="Roy Cove">Roy Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Settlement" title="Salvador Settlement">Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos,_Falkland_Islands" title="San Carlos, Falkland Islands">San Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_Bay_(Falkland_Islands)" title="Seal Bay (Falkland Islands)">Seal Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smylie_Channel" title="Smylie Channel">Smylie Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Harbour" title="Stanley Harbour">Stanley Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Point,_Weddell_Island" title="Swan Point, Weddell Island">Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teal_Inlet" title="Teal Inlet">Teal Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Point" title="Volunteer Point">Volunteer Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Creek,_Falkland_Islands" title="Walker Creek, Falkland Islands">Walker Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_Point" title="Weddell Point">Weddell Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_Settlement" title="Weddell Settlement">Weddell Settlement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Politics of the Falkland Islands">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands">Chief Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Constitution of the Falkland Islands">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_pound" title="Falkland Islands pound">Falkland Islands pound (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Falkland_Islands" title="Government House, Falkland Islands">Government House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Governor of the Falkland Islands">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of the Falkland Islands">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representative_of_the_Falkland_Islands,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Representative of the Falkland Islands, London">Representative Office, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_sovereignty_dispute" title="Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute">Sovereignty dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Military of the Falkland Islands">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_Defence_Force" title="Falkland Islands Defence Force">Falkland Islands Defence Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mare_Harbour" title="Mare Harbour">Mare Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Mount_Pleasant" title="RAF Mount Pleasant">RAF Mount Pleasant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._1312_Flight_RAF" title="No. 1312 Flight RAF">1312 Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._1435_Flight_RAF" title="No. 1435 Flight RAF">1435 Flight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RRH_Mount_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="RRH Mount Kent">RRH Mount Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RRH_Byron_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="RRH Byron Heights">RRH Byron Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RRH_Mount_Alice" class="mw-redirect" title="RRH Mount Alice">RRH Mount Alice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Economy of the Falkland Islands">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_Company" title="Falkland Islands Company">Falkland Islands Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_Development_Corporation" title="Falkland Islands Development Corporation">Falkland Islands Development Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_General_Employees_Union" title="Falkland Islands General Employees Union">Falkland Islands General Employees Union</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falkland_Landholdings_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falkland Landholdings Corporation (page does not exist)">Falkland Landholdings Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falklands_Oil_and_Gas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falklands Oil and Gas (page does not exist)">Falklands Oil and Gas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Education in the Falkland Islands">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_Community_School" title="Falkland Islands Community School">Falkland Islands Community School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islanders" title="Falkland Islanders">Falkland Islanders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Falkland_Islanders" title="Origins of Falkland Islanders">Origins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_Conservation" title="Falklands Conservation">Falklands Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Human rights in the Falkland Islands">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Falkland Islands">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Languages of the Falkland Islands">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_English" title="Falkland Islands English">Falkland Islands English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Falkland_Islands_Police" title="Royal Falkland Islands Police">Law Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Falkland Islands">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.fk" title=".fk">Internet domain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Transport in the Falkland Islands">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_Government_Air_Service" title="Falkland Islands Government Air Service">Falkland Islands Government Air Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Mount_Pleasant" title="RAF Mount Pleasant">Mount Pleasant Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Stanley_Airport" title="Port Stanley Airport">Port Stanley Airport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Culture of the Falkland Islands">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Coat of arms of the Falkland Islands">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Flag of the Falkland Islands">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desire_the_Right" title="Desire the Right">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Religion in the Falkland Islands">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parish_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Parish of the Falkland Islands">Anglican parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral_(Falkland_Islands)" title="Christ Church Cathedral (Falkland Islands)">Christ Church Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Catholic Church in the Falkland Islands">Roman Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_and_Guiding_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Scouting and Guiding in the Falkland Islands">Scouting and Guiding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Sport in the Falkland Islands">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_at_the_Commonwealth_Games" title="Falkland Islands at the Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_national_cricket_team" title="Falkland Islands national cricket team">Cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_official_football_team" title="Falkland Islands official football team">Football team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_Rifle_Association" title="Falkland Islands Rifle Association">Rifle Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Rugby union in the Falkland Islands">Rugby union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>(<b>*</b>) Sixth-formers attend <a href="/wiki/Peter_Symonds_College" title="Peter Symonds College">Peter Symonds College</a> in England, and national diploma / NVQ students attend <a href="/wiki/Chichester_College" title="Chichester College">Chichester College</a> in England</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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