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id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reasons_for_the_attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reasons_for_the_attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reasons for the attack</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reasons_for_the_attack-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reasons for the attack subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reasons_for_the_attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Revenge_for_Jayhawker_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revenge_for_Jayhawker_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Revenge for Jayhawker attacks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revenge_for_Jayhawker_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destruction_of_the_Women's_Prison_in_Kansas_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destruction_of_the_Women's_Prison_in_Kansas_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Destruction of the Women's Prison in Kansas City</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destruction_of_the_Women's_Prison_in_Kansas_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Attack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> 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class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-More_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#More_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>More reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-More_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lawrence massacre</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massaker_von_Lawrence" title="Massaker von Lawrence – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Massaker von Lawrence" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Massacre" title="Lawrence Massacre – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lawrence Massacre" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masacre_de_Lawrence" title="Masacre de Lawrence – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Masacre de Lawrence" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_de_Lawrence" title="Massacre de Lawrence – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Massacre de Lawrence" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%91%D7%97_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="טבח לורנס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טבח לורנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E8%99%90%E6%AE%BA" title="ローレンスの虐殺 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ローレンスの虐殺" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_de_Lawrence" title="Massacre de Lawrence – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Massacre de Lawrence" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrencemassakern" title="Lawrencemassakern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lawrencemassakern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q460143#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9430902">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lawrence_massacre&params=38_58_N_95_14_W_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°58′N</span> <span class="longitude">95°14′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.967°N 95.233°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.967; -95.233</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles" title="This is a good article. Follow the link for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Follow the link for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Lawrence&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Lawrence">Battle of Lawrence</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/The_Sacking_of_Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sacking of Lawrence">the Sacking of Lawrence</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7427050">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Lawrence massacre</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherman_Enderton_Quantrill_Raid_sketch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sherman_Enderton_Quantrill_Raid_sketch.jpg/300px-Sherman_Enderton_Quantrill_Raid_sketch.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sherman_Enderton_Quantrill_Raid_sketch.jpg/450px-Sherman_Enderton_Quantrill_Raid_sketch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sherman_Enderton_Quantrill_Raid_sketch.jpg/600px-Sherman_Enderton_Quantrill_Raid_sketch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="655" /></a></span><br />A drawing by Sherman Enderton showing the Lawrence Massacre. Enderton was in Lawrence during the massacre.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>August 21, 1863</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Kansas" title="Lawrence, Kansas">Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Kansas" title="Douglas County, Kansas">Douglas County, Kansas</a></div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9430902">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lawrence_massacre&params=38_58_N_95_14_W_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°58′N</span> <span class="longitude">95°14′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.967°N 95.233°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.967; -95.233</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td> <p><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> victory </p> <ul><li>Most of Lawrence <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/destroy" class="extiw" title="wikt:destroy">destroyed</a></li> <li>Union <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing_Jr." title="Thomas Ewing Jr.">Gen. Ewing</a> writes <a href="/wiki/General_Order_No._11_(1863)" title="General Order No. 11 (1863)">General Order No. 11</a> in response</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">People <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/involve" class="extiw" title="wikt:involve">involved</a></th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a>) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Confederate States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281863%E2%80%931865%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281863%E2%80%931865%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281863%E2%80%931865%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281863%E2%80%931865%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281863%E2%80%931865%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281863%E2%80%931865%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States</a></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Nobody<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/William_Quantrill" title="William Quantrill">William C. Quantrill</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> The people of Lawrence<br />Untrained recruits</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Quantrill%27s_Raiders" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantrill's Raiders">Quantrill's Raiders</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 0</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 300–400</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 164 <a href="/wiki/Civilian" title="Civilian">civilians</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 40</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Lawrence Massacre</b> (also known as <b>Quantrill's Raid</b>) was an attack on the town of <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Kansas" title="Lawrence, Kansas">Lawrence, Kansas</a> on August 21, 1863. The attack was a battle in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">U.S. Civil War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederates</a> won the battle. They won because groups of <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerillas</a> led by <a href="/wiki/William_Quantrill" title="William Quantrill">William Quantrill</a> rode into town and shot every man they saw.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They killed about 150 people. </p><p>The guerrillas attacked Lawrence because the city supported <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolition</a> and because it was a center for the <a href="/wiki/Jayhawkers" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayhawkers">Jayhawkers</a>. The Jayhawkers were <a href="/wiki/Free-Stater" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-Stater">free-state</a> <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a> groups known for attacking <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a> in the pro-slavery western counties of <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Background" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Background"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1863, there had been a lot of violence in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kansas#Bleeding_Kansas" title="History of Kansas">Kansas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bkNPS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bkNPS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because people disagreed about whether Kansas should allow <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> or not. </p><p>In the summer of 1856, the first <a href="/wiki/Sacking_of_Lawrence" title="Sacking of Lawrence">sacking of Lawrence</a> started a <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla war">guerrilla war</a> in Kansas that lasted for years. <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a> might be the most famous person involved in the violence of the late 1850s that fought on the abolitionist or <a href="/wiki/Jayhawker" title="Jayhawker">Jayhawker</a> side. However, there were many groups on each side that fought during the "<a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a>" period.<sup id="cite_ref-bkNPS_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bkNPS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Lawrence was already a <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/target" class="extiw" title="wikt:target">target</a> for pro-slavery violence. This is because Lawrence was the biggest anti-slavery city in the state. It was also where the Union and Jayhawkers started attacks into Missouri. At first, the town and area around it were very prepared. They reacted strongly to any <a href="/wiki/Rumor" title="Rumor">rumors</a> that pro-slavery people might be coming to Lawrence. However, by the summer of 1863, this never happened, so the people did not fear much, and they forgot about their defenses.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reasons_for_the_attack">Reasons for the attack</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Reasons for the attack" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Reasons for the attack"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revenge_for_Jayhawker_attacks">Revenge for Jayhawker attacks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Revenge for Jayhawker attacks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Revenge for Jayhawker attacks"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lawrence was a <a href="/wiki/Headquarter" class="mw-redirect" title="Headquarter">headquarters</a> for a group of <a href="/wiki/Jayhawker" title="Jayhawker">Jayhawkers</a> (sometimes called "Red Legs"). They had started a campaign in late March 1863. They had a goal to end support from the people for the Confederate guerillas. Union General Blunt said the actions of the soldiers were as if "a reign of terror started, and no man's property was safe, nor was his life worth much if he fought them in their plans to rob and steal."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Jayhawker leaders like <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Jennison" title="Charles R. Jennison">Charles "Doc" Jennison</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Montgomery_(colonel)" title="James Montgomery (colonel)">James Montgomery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Hoyt" title="George Henry Hoyt">George Henry Hoyt</a> attacked Western Missouri. This made both pro-southern and pro-Union <a href="/wiki/Civilian" title="Civilian">civilians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politicians</a> angry.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historian</a> Albert Castel says that the bushwhackers under Quantrill also wanted to steal, but <a href="/wiki/Revenge" title="Revenge">revenge</a> was their main reason.<sup id="cite_ref-castel142_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castel142-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Survivors confirmed the feeling of revenge in the attack on Lawrence. Albert Castel wrote, "all the ladies and others who talked with the butchers of the 21st ult." said that "they were here to revenge the wrongs done their families by our men under Lane, Jennison, Anthony and Co."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Robinson" title="Charles L. Robinson">Charles L. Robinson</a>, the first Governor of Kansas, was an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eyewitness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyewitness (not yet started)">eyewitness</a> to the attack. He said the attack happened for revenge: "Before this <a href="/wiki/Raid" title="Raid">raid</a> the entire border counties of Missouri had experienced more terrible <a href="/wiki/Outrage" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrage">outrages</a> (events) than ever the Quantrill raid at Lawrence... There was no <a href="/wiki/Death_by_burning" title="Death by burning">burning of feet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hanging_(death)" title="Hanging (death)">hanging</a> in Lawrence as there was in Missouri, neither were women and children outraged."<sup id="cite_ref-speech_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speech-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robinson explained that Quantrill chose Lawrence because Jayhawkers had attacked Missouri "as soon as [started]," and Lawrence was the "headquarters for the thieves and their <a href="/wiki/Plunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Plunder">plunder</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-speech_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-speech-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quantrill said that his reason for the attack was "to steal and <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/destroy" class="extiw" title="wikt:destroy">destroy</a> the town as revenge for Osceola."<sup id="cite_ref-castel142_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castel142-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was talking about the Union's <a href="/wiki/Sacking_of_Osceola" title="Sacking of Osceola">attack on Osceola, Missouri</a> in September 1861. Senator <a href="/wiki/James_H._Lane" class="mw-redirect" title="James H. Lane">James H. Lane</a> led it. His forces plundered Osceola, gave nine men a <a href="/wiki/Drumhead_court-martial" title="Drumhead court-martial">drumhead court-martial</a> trial, and <a href="/wiki/Execution" title="Execution">executed</a> them.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Destruction_of_the_Women's_Prison_in_Kansas_City"><span id="Destruction_of_the_Women.27s_Prison_in_Kansas_City"></span>Destruction of the Women's Prison in Kansas City</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Destruction of the Women's Prison in Kansas City" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Destruction of the Women's Prison in Kansas City"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/collapse" class="extiw" title="wikt:collapse">collapse</a> of the Women's Prison in Kansas City is also often believed to have made some people want to join in on the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-qr_kpl_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qr_kpl-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To try to stop the Missouri guerrillas from being in Kansas, General <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Ewing, Jr.">Thomas Ewing, Jr.</a> issued "General Order No. 10" in April 1863. This ordered anyone helping or comforting the Confederate guerrillas to be <a href="/wiki/Arrest" title="Arrest">arrested</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mostly meant women or girls who were relatives of the guerrillas. Ewing sent the arrested people to some <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/makeshift" class="extiw" title="wikt:makeshift">makeshift</a> prisons in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Kansas" title="Kansas City, Kansas">Kansas City</a>. The women were then kept in two buildings which were either too small or too dirty. Then they were moved to an empty building at 1425 Grand Boulevard.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This building was part of the <a href="/wiki/Estate" class="mw-disambig" title="Estate">estate</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_pages_with_links" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation pages with links"><span title="Link needs fixing so that it points to the right subject (February 2022)">disambiguation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of Robert S. Thomas, <a href="/wiki/George_Caleb_Bingham" title="George Caleb Bingham">George Caleb Bingham</a>'s father-in-law. In 1861, Bingham and his family were living in the building. However, in early 1862, he and his family moved to Jefferson City when he was chosen to be the <a href="/wiki/Treasurer" title="Treasurer">treasurer</a> of Missouri. Bingham had added a third level to the building to use as a studio.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least ten women or girls, all under the age of 20, were prisoners in the building when it collapsed on August 13, 1863, killing four: Charity McCorkle Kerr, Susan Crawford Vandever, Armenia Crawford Selvey, and Josephine Anderson—the 15-year-old sister of <a href="/wiki/William_T._Anderson" title="William T. Anderson">William T. "Bloody Bill" Anderson</a>. A few days later, Nannie Harris died from her wounds. The people who did not die from the collapse were Jenny Anderson (<a href="/wiki/Injury" title="Injury">injured</a> by the accident), Susan Anne Mundy Womacks, Martha "Mattie" Mundy, Lucinda "Lou" Mundy Gray, Elizabeth Harris (later married to Deal), and Mollie Grindstaff.<sup id="cite_ref-QuantrillAtLawrence2011_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QuantrillAtLawrence2011-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CivilWarJournal2011_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CivilWarJournal2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anderson's 13-year-old sister, who was stuck to a <a href="/wiki/Ball_and_chain" title="Ball and chain">ball-and-chain</a> inside the jail, got many injuries, including two broken legs.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even before the <a href="/wiki/Jail" class="mw-redirect" title="Jail">jail</a> fell, the arrest and planned <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a> of the girls had made Quantrill's guerrillas angry; George Todd left a note for General Ewing threatening to burn Kansas City unless the girls were freed.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quantrill's raid on Lawrence was planned before the jail collapse, and even before General Ewing issued "General Order No. 10".<sup id="cite_ref-castel142_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castel142-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the deaths of the guerrillas' female relatives made the raiders want to kill people even more during the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attack">Attack</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Attack" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Attack"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A man from <a href="/wiki/Hesper,_Kansas" title="Hesper, Kansas">Hesper</a> named Henry Thompson tried to run to Lawrence to tell the people there that an attack was coming.<sup id="cite_ref-eudora_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eudora-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was able to run all the way to <a href="/wiki/Eudora,_Kansas" title="Eudora, Kansas">Eudora</a> before he was too tired. An unknown man riding a <a href="/wiki/Chaise" title="Chaise">chaise</a> came across Thompson to ask if he needed help. Thompson told him that he ran all the way from Hester, and that he needed to <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/warn" class="extiw" title="wikt:warn">warn</a> Lawrence. Thompson and the man were able to get some people from Eudora to go to Lawrence to warn of an attack. They were too late.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eudora_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eudora-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lauretta_Louise_Fox_Fisk_-_Quantrill%27s_Raid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lauretta_Louise_Fox_Fisk_-_Quantrill%27s_Raid.jpg/220px-Lauretta_Louise_Fox_Fisk_-_Quantrill%27s_Raid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lauretta_Louise_Fox_Fisk_-_Quantrill%27s_Raid.jpg/330px-Lauretta_Louise_Fox_Fisk_-_Quantrill%27s_Raid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Lauretta_Louise_Fox_Fisk_-_Quantrill%27s_Raid.jpg/440px-Lauretta_Louise_Fox_Fisk_-_Quantrill%27s_Raid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Painting of the Lawrence Massacre by Lauretta Louise Fox Fisk.</figcaption></figure> <p>Around 450 guerrillas came near Lawrence shortly after 5 a.m. One of the first deaths was a <a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">pastor</a>, Samuel S. Snyder. He was outside <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/milking" class="extiw" title="wikt:milking">milking</a> his <a href="/wiki/Cow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow">cows</a> when the guerillas shot him.<sup id="cite_ref-cwotwb_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cwotwb-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KanColl_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KanColl-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their first goal was to get to the <a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldridge Hotel">Eldridge House</a>, a big brick <a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hotel</a> in the middle of Lawrence. They gained control of the building (which became Quantrill's <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a> during the raid). After that, Quantrill's men went into smaller groups that spread throughout Lawrence. For the next four hours, the raiders <a href="/wiki/Pillage" class="mw-redirect" title="Pillage">pillaged</a> and burned 25% of the buildings in Lawrence. They burned all businesses except for two. They <a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">looted</a> most of the banks and stores in town. They killed more than 150 people. All of the victims were men and boys.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources say 183 people were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Robinson_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An 1897 source says that among the dead were 18 of 23 <a href="/wiki/Training" title="Training">untrained</a> army recruits.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 9 a.m., the raiders were leaving Lawrence. </p><p>Mayor George W. Collamore hid in his family's <a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">well</a> so that the guerillas would not find him. However, they set his house on fire, and he died from breathing in smoke.<sup id="cite_ref-cwotwb_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cwotwb-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KanColl_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KanColl-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the massacre, a friend of Collamore's named Lowe went into the well to find him. The <a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">rope</a> he was holding onto broke, and he also died in the well.<sup id="cite_ref-KanColl_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KanColl-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several groups of guerillas came to <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judge</a> Louis Carpenter's house. They took everything he owned, but he <a href="/wiki/Persuasion" title="Persuasion">persuaded</a> them to not kill him nor burn his house. Another group of guerillas came and asked him where he was from. He said he was from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. One of the guerillas said, "It's you New York [people] that are doing all of the <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/mischief" class="extiw" title="wikt:mischief">mischief</a>". When the guerilla took out his <a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">revolver</a> to shoot Carpenter, Carpenter ran back into his house. The guerillas <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/chase" class="extiw" title="wikt:chase">chased</a> him into his house, upstairs, and then back downstairs, shooting at him. Carpenter ran into the <a href="/wiki/Basement" title="Basement">basement</a>, but he was bleeding. They found him, and the guerillas chased him outside and shot him. His wife Mary used her body to protect him. A guerilla walked around her to find a place to shoot under her. He lifted her arm and <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/aim#Verb" class="extiw" title="wikt:aim">aimed</a> his revolver under it. He fired his gun so that she could see the bullet enter Carpenter's head. Then, the guerillas set the house on fire. His wife's sister was able to stop the fire however.<sup id="cite_ref-KanColl_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KanColl-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KA1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KA1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>George Burt was standing near a <a href="/wiki/Fence" title="Fence">fence</a> when a guerilla came to him. The guerilla asked for all of his money. When Burt gave the guerilla his <a href="/wiki/Wallet" title="Wallet">pocket book</a>, the guerilla took it with one hand and shot Burt with the other.<sup id="cite_ref-KanColl_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KanColl-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German</a> man named Phillip Albach was sick, laying in bed. Guerillas demanded the family clear the house so they could burn it. The family carried Albach outside on a mattress and laid him in the <a href="/wiki/Yard_(land)" title="Yard (land)">yard</a>. When the guerillas came out of the house, they killed him on his bed.<sup id="cite_ref-KanColl_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KanColl-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Reverend" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverend">Reverend</a> Hugh Dunn Fisher tried to run away from his home with his two sons. Fisher was sick, so he was unable to run. He went back into his house and hid under the stairs in his basement. When some guerillas came into the house, they demanded his wife Elizabeth let them look in the basement. They could not see Fisher in the darkness. When they left, they set the house on fire and watched it burn. They hoped that if Fisher was hiding inside, he would run outside so they could kill him. Elizabeth covered Fisher in an old dress and a <a href="/wiki/Carpet" title="Carpet">carpet</a>, and carried him out of the house. She covered him in the carpet and dress so that it would look like she was simply trying to save her belongings from the fire. Fisher hid under the carpet until the guerillas left, and all of the family lived.<sup id="cite_ref-cwotwb_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cwotwb-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KanColl2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KanColl2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The raiders wanted revenge, so they had a list of people they wanted to kill and buildings they wanted to burn. <a href="/wiki/James_H._Lane" class="mw-redirect" title="James H. Lane">James H. Lane</a> was at the top of the list. Lane was a military leader and a supporter of the Jayhawkers.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lane <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/escape#Verb" class="extiw" title="wikt:escape">escaped</a> by running through a <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/cornfield" class="extiw" title="wikt:cornfield">cornfield</a> while wearing his <a href="/wiki/Pajamas" title="Pajamas">nightshirt</a>. John Speer was one of Lane's biggest political supporters. Lane had put Speer into the newspaper business. Speer was also on the list.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Robinson" title="Charles L. Robinson">Charles L. Robinson</a>, first governor of Kansas and an <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">abolitionist</a>, may also have been on the list. However, he was not killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Robinson_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many said that Quantrill's decision to kill young boys was a very bad part of the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bobbie Martin is generally said to be the youngest person who died. Some stories of the raid say he may have been as young as ten to twelve years old,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but others say he was fourteen years old.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most sources say he was wearing a Union soldier uniform or clothing made from his father's uniform, but others say he was holding a <a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">musket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of Quantrill's guerrilla fighters were teenagers. One of the youngest was Riley Crawford. He was thirteen years old when his mother took him to Quantrill after Union soldiers shot her husband and burned her home.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Kansas State Journal</i> was the first <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a> in Lawrence to continue publishing after the attack. They released their first copy on October 1, 1863. In it, it said that every business in Lawrence had been sacked; every business except five had been burned; every house in Lawrence had been plundered; 160 men and boys had been killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Kansas_State_Journal_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kansas_State_Journal-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kshs_quantrill_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kshs_quantrill-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Leavenworth <i>Daily Conservative,</i> on August 23, 1863, said that the guerrillas caused $2,000,000 worth of damage, and stole $250,000 worth of money.<sup id="cite_ref-kshs_quantrill_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kshs_quantrill-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Aftermath" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Aftermath"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lawrence_massacre_ruins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lawrence_massacre_ruins.jpg/220px-Lawrence_massacre_ruins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lawrence_massacre_ruins.jpg/330px-Lawrence_massacre_ruins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lawrence_massacre_ruins.jpg/440px-Lawrence_massacre_ruins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/aftermath" class="extiw" title="wikt:aftermath">aftermath</a> of the attack as shown in <i>Harper's Weekly</i>. The burned ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldridge Hotel">Eldridge House</a> are in the front.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Lawrence massacre was one of the bloodiest events in the history of Kansas. The <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Congregational_Church_(Lawrence,_Kansas)" title="Plymouth Congregational Church (Lawrence, Kansas)">Plymouth Congregational Church</a> in Lawrence wasn't destroyed, but many of its members were killed. Also, many of its records were destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-Plymouth-History_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plymouth-History-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A day after the attack, some of the people of Lawrence <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynched</a> Thomas Corlew, a member of Quantrill's raiders who was still in Lawrence. They believed he was a <a href="/wiki/Spy" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy">spy</a>. They <a href="/wiki/Hanging_(death)" title="Hanging (death)">hanged</a> him in a <a href="/wiki/Barn" title="Barn">barn</a> on <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Street" title="Massachusetts Street">Massachusetts Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the attack, Quantrill brought his men south to Texas for the winter. By the next year, however, the raiders broke up as a group. They were unable to get similar successes. Quantrill died of <a href="/wiki/Wound" title="Wound">wounds</a> he got in <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> in 1865. By that point, he had only a few supporters left. <a href="/wiki/Frank_James" title="Frank James">Frank James</a> and his younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James">Jesse James</a> were some of his supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Quantrill's attack, the Union built multiple <a href="/wiki/Mount_Oread_Civil_War_posts" title="Mount Oread Civil War posts">military posts on Mount Oread</a>. They built these to help guard the rebuilt city. However, no more attacks happened in Lawrence, and these forts were removed.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushwhacker" title="Bushwhacker">Bushwhacking</a>, a kind of <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> used a lot during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Notes"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">No union commander present</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724317"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060624104256/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/HNS/Kansas/quantril.html">"William Quantrill and the Lawrence Massacre"</a>. <i>xroads.virginia.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/hns/kansas/quantril.html">the original</a> on 2006-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xroads.virginia.edu&rft.atitle=William+Quantrill+and+the+Lawrence+Massacre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxroads.virginia.edu%2F~hyper%2Fhns%2Fkansas%2Fquantril.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bkNPS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bkNPS_3-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bkNPS_3-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/bleeding-kansas.htm">"Bleeding Kansas"</a>. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bleeding+Kansas&rft.pub=National+Park+Service%2C+U.S.+Department+of+the+Interior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farticles%2Fbleeding-kansas.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCastel,_Albert1997" class="citation book cs1">Castel, Albert (1997). <i>Civil War Kansas</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_KS" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence, KS">Lawrence, KS</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. pp. 124–6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+War+Kansas&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+KS&rft.pages=124-6&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Castel%2C+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBlunt,_James_G.1932" class="citation journal cs1">Blunt, James G. (May 1932). "General Blunt's Account of His Civil War Experiences". <i><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Historical_Society" title="Kansas Historical Society">Kansas Historical Quarterly</a></i>. <b>1</b> (3): 239.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kansas+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=General+Blunt%27s+Account+of+His+Civil+War+Experiences&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=239&rft.date=1932-05&rft.au=Blunt%2C+James+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGoodrich,_Thomas1992" class="citation book cs1">Goodrich, Thomas (1992). <i>Bloody Dawn: The Story of the Lawrence Massacre</i>. <a href="/wiki/Kent,_Ohio" title="Kent, Ohio">Kent, OH</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent State University Press">Kent State University Press</a>. pp. 4–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873384766" title="Special:BookSources/9780873384766"><bdi>9780873384766</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bloody+Dawn%3A+The+Story+of+the+Lawrence+Massacre&rft.place=Kent%2C+OH&rft.pages=4-6&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780873384766&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-castel142-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-castel142_7-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-castel142_7-1">6.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-castel142_7-2">6.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCastel,_Albert_E.1999" class="citation book cs1">Castel, Albert E. (1999). <i>William Clarke Quantrill: His Life and Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma" title="Norman, Oklahoma">Norman, Oklahoma</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a>. p. 142.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Clarke+Quantrill%3A+His+Life+and+Times&rft.place=Norman%2C+Oklahoma&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Castel%2C+Albert+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCastel,_Albert1997" class="citation book cs1">Castel, Albert (1997). <i>Civil War Kansas</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_KS" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence, KS">Lawrence, KS</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. p. 136.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+War+Kansas&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+KS&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Castel%2C+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-speech-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-speech_9-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-speech_9-1">8.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kansashistoricalopencontent.newspapers.com/image/59722890">"Governor Robinson's Speech"</a>. <i>Lawrence Daily Journal and Evening Tribune</i>. August 23, 1892. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703220834/http://kansashistoricalopencontent.newspapers.com/image/59722890/">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lawrence+Daily+Journal+and+Evening+Tribune&rft.atitle=Governor+Robinson%27s+Speech&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1892-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkansashistoricalopencontent.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F59722890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span> The article provided a synopsis of the speech that Robninson had given in Lawrence on the twenty-ninth anniversary of the raid. Despite being a truncated <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraphrase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraphrase (not yet started)">paraphrase</a> of the original speech, the article had been approved by Robinson for publication (p. 2).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSpurgeon,_Ian2009" class="citation book cs1">Spurgeon, Ian (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manofdouglasmano00spur"><i>Man of Douglas, Man of Lincoln: The Political Odyssey of James Henry Lane</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia, Missouri</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri_Press" title="University of Missouri Press">University of Missouri Press</a>. pp. 185–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826218148" title="Special:BookSources/9780826218148"><bdi>9780826218148</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+of+Douglas%2C+Man+of+Lincoln%3A+The+Political+Odyssey+of+James+Henry+Lane&rft.place=Columbia%2C+Missouri&rft.pages=185-8&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780826218148&rft.au=Spurgeon%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanofdouglasmano00spur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen,_Paul_R.2003" class="citation book cs1">Petersen, Paul R. (2003). <i>Quantrill of Missouri: The Making of a Guerrilla Warrior—The Man, the Myth, the Soldier</i>. <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>: Cumberland House Publishing. p. 61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quantrill+of+Missouri%3A+The+Making+of+a+Guerrilla+Warrior%E2%80%94The+Man%2C+the+Myth%2C+the+Soldier&rft.place=Nashville%2C+Tennessee&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Petersen%2C+Paul+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qr_kpl-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-qr_kpl_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFEpps2014" class="citation web cs1">Epps, Kristen (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/encyclopedia/quantrill%E2%80%99s-raid-lawrence">"Quantrill's Raid on Lawrence"</a>. <i>Civil War on the Western Border</i>. <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Public_Library" title="Kansas City Public Library">Kansas City Public Library</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Civil+War+on+the+Western+Border&rft.atitle=Quantrill%27s+Raid+on+Lawrence&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Epps&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilwaronthewesternborder.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fquantrill%25E2%2580%2599s-raid-lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFrazier,_Harriet_C.2004" class="citation book cs1">Frazier, Harriet C. (2004). <i>Runaway and Freed Missouri Slaves and Those Who Helped Them, 1763–1865</i>. <a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_North_Carolina" title="Jefferson, North Carolina">Jefferson, North Carolina</a>: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. p. 214.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Runaway+and+Freed+Missouri+Slaves+and+Those+Who+Helped+Them%2C+1763%E2%80%931865&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Frazier%2C+Harriet+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHarris,_Charles_F.1995" class="citation journal cs1">Harris, Charles F. (April 1995). "Catalyst for Terror: The Collapse of the Women's Prison In Kansas City". <i>Missouri Historical Review</i>: 294, 295.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Missouri+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Catalyst+for+Terror%3A+The+Collapse+of+the+Women%27s+Prison+In+Kansas+City&rft.pages=294%2C+295&rft.date=1995-04&rft.au=Harris%2C+Charles+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHarris,_Charles_F.1995" class="citation journal cs1">Harris, Charles F. (April 1995). "Catalyst for Terror: The Collapse of the Women's Prison In Kansas City". <i>Missouri Historical Review</i>: 296, 297.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Missouri+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Catalyst+for+Terror%3A+The+Collapse+of+the+Women%27s+Prison+In+Kansas+City&rft.pages=296%2C+297&rft.date=1995-04&rft.au=Harris%2C+Charles+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QuantrillAtLawrence2011-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-QuantrillAtLawrence2011_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_R._Petersen2011" class="citation book cs1">Paul R. Petersen (April 26, 2011). "Knee Deep in Blood". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quantrillatlawre0000pete"><i>Quantrill at Lawrence: The Untold Story</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans, Louisiana</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelican_Publishing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelican Publishing Company (not yet started)">Pelican Publishing Company</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quantrillatlawre0000pete/page/24">24</a>, 30. <q>... Guerrilla Bill Anderson had just removed his sisters from Kansas where for a year they had lived at various places, stopping finally with the Mundy family on the Missouri side of the line near Little Santa Fe. The parents of the Mundy family were dead. One of their sons was in General Sterling Price's Southern army, and three daughters were at home: Susan Mundy Womacks, Martha Mundy, and Mrs. Lou Mundy Gray, whose husband was probably with the guerrillas. The Mundy girls and the three Anderson sisters were arrested as spies. They were confined in a building that served as a jail. ... Guerrilla Nathan Kerr's wife Charity was killed. Brothers William, Marshall, Marion, and Riley Crawford lost two sisters killed. Guerrilla Thomas Harris's sister Nannie was mangled in the jail collapse. Guerrilla James E. Mundy's sisters Susan and Martha, and his married sister Mrs. Lou Mundy Gray, were imprisoned along with William Grindstaff's sister Mollie, but somehow each of them miraculously survived.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Knee+Deep+in+Blood&rft.btitle=Quantrill+at+Lawrence%3A+The+Untold+Story&rft.place=New+Orleans%2C+Louisiana&rft.pages=24%2C+30&rft.pub=Pelican+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2011-04-26&rft.au=Paul+R.+Petersen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquantrillatlawre0000pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CivilWarJournal2011-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CivilWarJournal2011_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLeeAnn_Whites2011" class="citation journal cs1">LeeAnn Whites (March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_the_civil_war_era/v001/1.1.whites.html">"Forty Shirts and a Wagonload of Wheat: Women, the Domestic Supply Line, and the Civil War on the Western Border"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Civil War Era</i>. <b>1</b> (1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222001457/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_the_civil_war_era/v001/1.1.whites.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Civil+War+Era&rft.atitle=Forty+Shirts+and+a+Wagonload+of+Wheat%3A+Women%2C+the+Domestic+Supply+Line%2C+and+the+Civil+War+on+the+Western+Border&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2011-03&rft.au=LeeAnn+Whites&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fjournals%2Fjournal_of_the_civil_war_era%2Fv001%2F1.1.whites.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNichols,_Bruce2004" class="citation book cs1">Nichols, Bruce (2004). <i>Guerrilla Warfare in Western Missouri, 1861</i>. <a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_North_Carolina" title="Jefferson, North Carolina">Jefferson, North Carolina</a>: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. p. 210.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guerrilla+Warfare+in+Western+Missouri%2C+1861&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Nichols%2C+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNichols,_Bruce2004" class="citation book cs1">Nichols, Bruce (2004). <i>Guerrilla Warfare in Western Missouri, 1861</i>. <a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_North_Carolina" title="Jefferson, North Carolina">Jefferson, North Carolina</a>: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. p. 209.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guerrilla+Warfare+in+Western+Missouri%2C+1861&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Nichols%2C+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLeslie,_Edward_E.1998" class="citation book cs1">Leslie, Edward E. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/devilknowshowtor0000lesl"><i>The Devil Knows How to Ride</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Capo_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da Capo Press (not yet started)">Da Capo Press</a>. pp. 193–5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Devil+Knows+How+to+Ride&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=193-5&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Leslie%2C+Edward+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdevilknowshowtor0000lesl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eudora-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eudora_21-0">20.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eudora_21-1">20.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCindy_Higgins1997" class="citation web cs1">Cindy Higgins (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827204351/https://www.eudorakshistory.com/civil_war/civil_war.htm">"Civil War and Quantrill"</a>. Eudora, KS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eudorakshistory.com/civil_war/civil_war.htm">the original</a> on August 27, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Civil+War+and+Quantrill&rft.place=Eudora%2C+KS&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Cindy+Higgins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eudorakshistory.com%2Fcivil_war%2Fcivil_war.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMach,_Tom" class="citation news cs1">Mach, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2011/aug/19/little-known-facts-about-quantrills-raid/">"Little-known facts about Quantrill's Raid"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Journal-World" title="Lawrence Journal-World">Lawrence Journal-World</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014617/http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2011/aug/19/little-known-facts-about-quantrills-raid/">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lawrence+Journal-World&rft.atitle=Little-known+facts+about+Quantrill%27s+Raid&rft.au=Mach%2C+Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ljworld.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2Faug%2F19%2Flittle-known-facts-about-quantrills-raid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cwotwb-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cwotwb_23-0">22.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cwotwb_23-1">22.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cwotwb_23-2">22.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFKristen_Epps" class="citation web cs1">Kristen Epps. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://civilwaronthewesternborder.org/encyclopedia/quantrills-raid-lawrence">"Quantrill's Raid on Lawrence"</a>. The Kansas City Public Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quantrill%27s+Raid+on+Lawrence&rft.pub=The+Kansas+City+Public+Library&rft.au=Kristen+Epps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcivilwaronthewesternborder.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fquantrills-raid-lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KanColl-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-KanColl_24-0">23.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-KanColl_24-1">23.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-KanColl_24-2">23.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-KanColl_24-3">23.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-KanColl_24-4">23.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-KanColl_24-5">23.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFAlec_Miller1994" class="citation web cs1">Alec Miller (June 30, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kancoll.org/books/cordley_massacre/quantrel.raid.html">"The Lawrence Massacre, Part One"</a>. University of Kansas Kenneth Spencer Research Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lawrence+Massacre%2C+Part+One&rft.pub=University+of+Kansas+Kenneth+Spencer+Research+Library&rft.date=1994-06-30&rft.au=Alec+Miller&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kancoll.org%2Fbooks%2Fcordley_massacre%2Fquantrel.raid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPringle2010" class="citation journal cs1">Pringle, Heather (April 2010). "Digging the Scorched Earth". <i>Archaeology</i>. <b>63</b> (2): 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeology&rft.atitle=Digging+the+Scorched+Earth&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=21&rft.date=2010-04&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=Heather&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robinson-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_26-0">25.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_26-1">25.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson,_Charles1892" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, Charles (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924083921332"><i>The Kansas Conflict</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, NY">New York City, NY</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harper_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harper (publisher) (not yet started)">Harper and Brother</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924083921332/page/n474">447</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kansas+Conflict&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+NY&rft.pages=447&rft.pub=Harper+and+Brother&rft.date=1892&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924083921332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFisher,_H.D.1902" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, H.D. (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081020052312/http://www.bartonccc.edu/library/digibks/fisher/Fisher~Gun.htm"><i>The Gun and the Gospel: Early Kansas and Chaplain Fisher</i></a>. Kansas City, MO: Hudson-Kimberly Publishing Company. p. 194. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartonccc.edu/library/digibks/fisher/Fisher~Gun.htm">the original</a> on October 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gun+and+the+Gospel%3A+Early+Kansas+and+Chaplain+Fisher&rft.place=Kansas+City%2C+MO&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=Hudson-Kimberly+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1902&rft.au=Fisher%2C+H.D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartonccc.edu%2Flibrary%2Fdigibks%2Ffisher%2FFisher~Gun.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KA1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KA1_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFKerry_Altenbernd2003" class="citation web cs1">Kerry Altenbernd (July 24, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161023202315/https://www.douglascolawlibrary.org/Louis_Carpenter.html">"Judge Louis Carpenter"</a>. Douglas County Law Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.douglascolawlibrary.org/Louis_Carpenter.html">the original</a> on October 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Judge+Louis+Carpenter&rft.pub=Douglas+County+Law+Library&rft.date=2003-07-24&rft.au=Kerry+Altenbernd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.douglascolawlibrary.org%2FLouis_Carpenter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KanColl2-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KanColl2_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFAlec_Miller1994" class="citation web cs1">Alec Miller (June 30, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kancoll.org/books/cordley_massacre/quantre2.raid.html">"The Lawrence Massacre, Part Two"</a>. University of Kansas Kenneth Spencer Research Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lawrence+Massacre%2C+Part+Two&rft.pub=University+of+Kansas+Kenneth+Spencer+Research+Library&rft.date=1994-06-30&rft.au=Alec+Miller&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kancoll.org%2Fbooks%2Fcordley_massacre%2Fquantre2.raid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHugh_Dunn_Fisher1897" class="citation book cs1">Hugh Dunn Fisher (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gungospelearlyka00fish/page/194/mode/2up?q=old+dress+and+a+piece+of+carpet"><i>The gun and the gospel; early Kansas and Chaplain Fisher : Fisher, H. D. (Hugh Dunn), 1824-1905</i></a>. Chicago, New York, Medical century company. p. 194-201.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+gun+and+the+gospel%3B+early+Kansas+and+Chaplain+Fisher+%3A+Fisher%2C+H.+D.+%28Hugh+Dunn%29%2C+1824-1905&rft.pages=194-201&rft.pub=Chicago%2C+New+York%2C+Medical+century+company&rft.date=1897&rft.au=Hugh+Dunn+Fisher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgungospelearlyka00fish%2Fpage%2F194%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dold%2Bdress%2Band%2Ba%2Bpiece%2Bof%2Bcarpet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCastel,_Albert1959" class="citation web cs1">Castel, Albert (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilwarstlouis.com/History2/casteljayhawking.htm">"Kansas Jayhawking Raids into Western Missouri in 1861"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140314004005/http://www.civilwarstlouis.com/History2/casteljayhawking.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kansas+Jayhawking+Raids+into+Western+Missouri+in+1861&rft.date=1959&rft.au=Castel%2C+Albert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilwarstlouis.com%2FHistory2%2Fcasteljayhawking.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCastel,_Albert1997" class="citation book cs1">Castel, Albert (1997). <i>Civil War Kansas</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_KS" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence, KS">Lawrence, KS</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. p. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+War+Kansas&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+KS&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Castel%2C+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSchultz,_Duane1997" class="citation book cs1">Schultz, Duane (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quantrillswarlif00schu"><i>Quantrill's War: The Life and Times of William Clarke Quantrill, 1837–1865</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, NY">New York City, NY</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Martin%27s_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Martin's Press (not yet started)">St. Martin's Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312147105" title="Special:BookSources/9780312147105"><bdi>9780312147105</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quantrill%27s+War%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+William+Clarke+Quantrill%2C+1837%E2%80%931865&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+NY&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780312147105&rft.au=Schultz%2C+Duane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquantrillswarlif00schu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span> Chapter 9 is entitled, "Kill Every Man Big Enough to Carry a Gun", an alleged Quantrill quote.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFConnelley,_William_Elsey1910" class="citation book cs1">Connelley, William Elsey (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quantrillborderw00connuoft"><i>Quantrill and the Border Wars</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Rapids,_Iowa" title="Cedar Rapids, Iowa">Cedar Rapids, Iowa</a>: The Torch Press. pp. 362–3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160922032250/https://archive.org/details/quantrillborderw00connuoft">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quantrill+and+the+Border+Wars&rft.place=Cedar+Rapids%2C+Iowa&rft.pages=362-3&rft.pub=The+Torch+Press&rft.date=1910&rft.au=Connelley%2C+William+Elsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquantrillborderw00connuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLeslie,_Edward_E.1996" class="citation book cs1">Leslie, Edward E. (1996). <i>The Devil Knows How to Ride: The True Story of William Clarke Quantrill and his Confederate Raiders</i>. <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Capo_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da Capo Press (not yet started)">Da Capo Press</a>. p. 226.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Devil+Knows+How+to+Ride%3A+The+True+Story+of+William+Clarke+Quantrill+and+his+Confederate+Raiders&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Leslie%2C+Edward+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGoodrich,_Thomas1991" class="citation book cs1">Goodrich, Thomas (1991). <i>Blood Dawn: The Story of the Lawrence Massacre</i>. <a href="/wiki/Kent,_Ohio" title="Kent, Ohio">Kent, Ohio</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent State University Press">Kent State University Press</a>. p. 104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood+Dawn%3A+The+Story+of+the+Lawrence+Massacre&rft.place=Kent%2C+Ohio&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Goodrich%2C+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen,_Paul_R.2003" class="citation book cs1">Petersen, Paul R. (2003). <i>Quantrill of Missouri: The Making of a Guerrilla Warrior—The Man, the Myth, the Soldier</i>. <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>: Cumberland House Publishing. p. 226.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quantrill+of+Missouri%3A+The+Making+of+a+Guerrilla+Warrior%E2%80%94The+Man%2C+the+Myth%2C+the+Soldier&rft.place=Nashville%2C+Tennessee&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Cumberland+House+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Petersen%2C+Paul+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kansas_State_Journal-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kansas_State_Journal_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFH.E._Lowman1863" class="citation web cs1">H.E. Lowman (October 1, 1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25520026/the-kansas-state-journal/">"A Voice from the Ashes"</a>. <i>Kansas State Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kansas+State+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Voice+from+the+Ashes&rft.date=1863-10-01&rft.au=H.E.+Lowman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F25520026%2Fthe-kansas-state-journal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kshs_quantrill-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-kshs_quantrill_39-0">38.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-kshs_quantrill_39-1">38.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBurton_J._Williams1968" class="citation web cs1">Burton J. Williams (Summer 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kshs.org/p/kansas-historical-quarterly-quantrill-s-raid-on-lawrence/13185">"Quantrill's Raid on Lawrence: A Question of Complicity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Historical_Society" title="Kansas Historical Society">Kansas Historical Society</a>. p. 143-149<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quantrill%27s+Raid+on+Lawrence%3A+A+Question+of+Complicity&rft.pages=143-149&rft.pub=Kansas+Historical+Society&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Burton+J.+Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kshs.org%2Fp%2Fkansas-historical-quarterly-quantrill-s-raid-on-lawrence%2F13185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plymouth-History-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Plymouth-History_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSellen" class="citation web cs1">Sellen, Al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528051934/http://www.plymouthlawrence.com/who/history/">"A Brief Outline of Plymouth's History"</a>. Plymouth Congregational Church. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plymouthlawrence.com/who/history/">the original</a> on 2010-05-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+Outline+of+Plymouth%27s+History&rft.pub=Plymouth+Congregational+Church&rft.aulast=Sellen&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plymouthlawrence.com%2Fwho%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGenevieve_Yost1933" class="citation web cs1">Genevieve Yost (May 1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808184136/https://www.kshs.org/p/kansas-historical-quarterly-history-of-lynchings-in-kansas/12580">"History of Lynchings in Kansas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Historical_Society" title="Kansas Historical Society">Kansas Historical Society</a>. p. 182-219. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kshs.org/p/kansas-historical-quarterly-history-of-lynchings-in-kansas/12580">the original</a> on August 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Lynchings+in+Kansas&rft.pages=182-219&rft.pub=Kansas+Historical+Society&rft.date=1933-05&rft.au=Genevieve+Yost&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkshs.org%2Fp%2Fkansas-historical-quarterly-history-of-lynchings-in-kansas%2F12580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWellman,_Paul_I.1961" class="citation book cs1">Wellman, Paul I. (1961). <i>A Dynasty of Western Outlaws</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press" title="University of Nebraska Press">University of Nebraska Press</a>. p. 61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dynasty+of+Western+Outlaws&rft.place=Lincoln%2C+Nebraska&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.au=Wellman%2C+Paul+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPollard,_Jr1992" class="citation web cs1">Pollard, Jr, William C. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vlib.us/old_west/forts1865.html">"Kansas Forts During the Civil War"</a>. <i>Kansas History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kansas+History&rft.atitle=Kansas+Forts+During+the+Civil+War&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Pollard%2C+Jr&rft.aufirst=William+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vlib.us%2Fold_west%2Fforts1865.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBiselMartin2013" class="citation book cs1">Bisel, Debra Goodrich; Martin, Michelle M. (2013). "Camp Ewing: 1864–1865". <i>Kansas Forts & Bases: Sentinels on the Prairie</i>. <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_SC" class="mw-redirect" title="Charleston, SC">Charleston, SC</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Publishing" title="Arcadia Publishing">The History Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781614238683" title="Special:BookSources/9781614238683"><bdi>9781614238683</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Camp+Ewing%3A+1864%E2%80%931865&rft.btitle=Kansas+Forts+%26+Bases%3A+Sentinels+on+the+Prairie&rft.place=Charleston%2C+SC&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781614238683&rft.aulast=Bisel&rft.aufirst=Debra+Goodrich&rft.au=Martin%2C+Michelle+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ALawrence+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="More_reading">More reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: More reading" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: More reading"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Albert E. Castel. <i>Civil War Kansas: Reaping the Whirlwind</i> (1997)</li> <li>Albert E. Castel. <i>William Clarke Quantrill: His Life and Times</i> (1999) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/William-Clarke-Quantrill-Life-Times/dp/0806130814/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li>Thomas Goodrich, <i>Bloody Dawn: The Story of the Lawrence Massacre</i> (1992)</li> <li>Paul I. Wellman. <i>A Dynasty of Western Outlaws</i> (1961). (On the formative background of the Kansas-Missouri border wars on the post-war western outlaws, notably the James-Younger gang.)</li> <li>Richard F. Sunderwirth, "The Burning" Of Osceola Missouri" (2007)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/ks001.htm">National Park Service battle description</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kansastravel.org/quantrillslawrenceraid.htm">Tour and photos of Lawrence Quantrill's Raid sites</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stellar-one.com/guerilla/">Other reports that mention Quantrill's Raid and the Lawrence Massacre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilwarhistory.com/quantrill/quantrill.htm">Civil War history site article on Quantrill</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kancoll.org/books/cordley_massacre/quantrel.raid.html">Rev. R. Cordley's Description of the Massacre (published in 1865)</a> {Partial list of killed/wounded/missing}</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/HNS/Kansas/fisher3.html">1897 account "Guns and the Gospel" with listing of Lawrence Massacre Victims at the end of Chapter 22</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191023172108/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/HNS/Kansas/fisher3.html">Archived</a> 2019-10-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10285">Monument to victims of William C. Quantrill</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Kansas_in_the_Civil_War&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Kansas in the American Civil War">Kansas in the American Civil War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Pre-War</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakarusa_War" title="Wakarusa War">Wakarusa War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacking_of_Lawrence" title="Sacking of Lawrence">Sacking of Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottawatomie_massacre" title="Pottawatomie massacre">Pottawatomie massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Black_Jack" title="Battle of Black Jack">Battle of Black Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franklin,_Douglas_County,_Kansas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franklin, Douglas County, Kansas (not yet started)">First and Second Battles of Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Fort_Titus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Fort Titus (not yet started)">Battle of Fort Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Osawatomie" title="Battle of Osawatomie">Battle of Osawatomie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marais_des_Cygnes_massacre" title="Marais des Cygnes massacre">Marais des Cygnes massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kansas_(1927%E2%80%931961).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kansas State Flag"><img alt="Kansas State Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Kansas_%281927%E2%80%931961%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_Kansas_%281927%E2%80%931961%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Kansas_%281927%E2%80%931961%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_Kansas_%281927%E2%80%931961%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Kansas_%281927%E2%80%931961%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_Kansas_%281927%E2%80%931961%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">September 1861</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Dry_Wood_Creek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Dry Wood Creek (not yet started)">Battle of Dry Wood Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacking_of_Osceola" title="Sacking of Osceola">Sacking of Osceola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">August 1863</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lawrence massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Order_No._11_(1863)" title="General Order No. 11 (1863)">General Order No. 11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">October 1863</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baxter_Springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Baxter Springs">Baxter Springs massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">October 1864</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marais_des_Cygnes" title="Battle of Marais des Cygnes">Battle of Marais des Cygnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mine_Creek" title="Battle of Mine Creek">Battle of Mine Creek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Kansas_in_the_American_Civil_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Kansas in the American Civil War (not yet started)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460143#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007549927305171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2009007362">United States</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10675838">NARA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&oldid=9706311">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_massacre&oldid=9706311</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Civil_War_battles" 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