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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Agtergrond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agtergrond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Agtergrond</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Agtergrond-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Agtergrond subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Agtergrond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opstande" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opstande"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Opstande</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opstande-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_volksmoord" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_volksmoord"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Die volksmoord</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_volksmoord-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsentrasiekampe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsentrasiekampe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Konsentrasiekampe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsentrasiekampe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verband_met_die_Sjoa_(Holocaust)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verband_met_die_Sjoa_(Holocaust)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Verband met die Sjoa (Holocaust)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verband_met_die_Sjoa_(Holocaust)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erkenning,_ontkenning_en_vergoeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erkenning,_ontkenning_en_vergoeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Erkenning, ontkenning en vergoeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erkenning,_ontkenning_en_vergoeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nasleep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nasleep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Nasleep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nasleep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiktiewe_voorstellings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiktiewe_voorstellings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Fiktiewe voorstellings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiktiewe_voorstellings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie_en_dokumentêre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie_en_dokumentêre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliografie en dokumentêre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie_en_dokumentêre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verdere_leesstof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdere_leesstof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Verdere leesstof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verdere_leesstof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Namibiese volksmoord 1904-1908</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 32 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="التطهير العرقي في ناميبيا – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التطهير العرقي في ناميبيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herero_v%C9%99_Namaka_soyq%C4%B1r%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Herero və Namaka soyqırımı – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Herero və Namaka soyqırımı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocidi_herero_i_namaqua" title="Genocidi herero i namaqua – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Genocidi herero i namaqua" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkedrabet_p%C3%A5_Herero-_og_Namaquafolkene" title="Folkedrabet på Herero- og Namaquafolkene – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Folkedrabet på Herero- og Namaquafolkene" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6lkermord_an_den_Herero_und_Nama" title="Völkermord an den Herero und Nama – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Völkermord an den Herero und Nama" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A7%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9D%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Γενοκτονία των Χερέρο και των Νάμα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γενοκτονία των Χερέρο και των Νάμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herero_and_Nama_genocide" title="Herero and Nama genocide – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Herero and Nama genocide" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germana_genocido_de_hereroj_kaj_namoj" title="Germana genocido de hereroj kaj namoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Germana genocido de hereroj kaj namoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocidio_herero_y_namaqua" title="Genocidio herero y namaqua – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Genocidio herero y namaqua" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herero_eta_nama_herrien_genozidioa" title="Herero eta nama herrien genozidioa – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Herero eta nama herrien genozidioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نسل‌کشی در هررو و نامیبیا – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نسل‌کشی در هررو و نامیبیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hererojen_ja_namojen_kansanmurha" title="Hererojen ja namojen kansanmurha – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hererojen ja namojen kansanmurha" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9nocide_des_H%C3%A9r%C3%A9ros_et_des_Namas" title="Génocide des Héréros et des Namas – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Génocide des Héréros et des Namas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%95_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%94" title="רצח העם של ההררו והנאמה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רצח העם של ההררו והנאמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembantaian_Herero_dan_Namaqua" title="Pembantaian Herero dan Namaqua – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembantaian Herero dan Namaqua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocidio_degli_Herero_e_dei_Nama" title="Genocidio degli Herero e dei Nama – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Genocidio degli Herero e dei Nama" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A2%E8%99%90%E6%AE%BA" title="ヘレロ・ナマクア虐殺 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘレロ・ナマクア虐殺" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%A0%88%EB%A1%9C%C2%B7%EB%82%98%EB%A7%88_%EC%A7%91%EB%8B%A8%ED%95%99%EC%82%B4" title="헤레로·나마 집단학살 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헤레로·나마 집단학살" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Херерогийн хядлага – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Херерогийн хядлага" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibische_Genocide" title="Namibische Genocide – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Namibische Genocide" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herero-oppstanden" title="Herero-oppstanden – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Herero-oppstanden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufstand_der_Herero_und_Nama" title="Aufstand der Herero und Nama – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Aufstand der Herero und Nama" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludob%C3%B3jstwo_Herero_i_Namaqua" title="Ludobójstwo Herero i Namaqua – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ludobójstwo Herero i Namaqua" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genoc%C3%ADdio_dos_herer%C3%B3s_e_namaquas" title="Genocídio dos hererós e namaquas – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Genocídio dos hererós e namaquas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Геноцид племён гереро и нама – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Геноцид племён гереро и нама" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gherras_herero" title="Gherras herero – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gherras herero" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herero_and_Namaqua_genocide" title="Herero and Namaqua genocide – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Herero and Namaqua genocide" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkmordet_p%C3%A5_herero-_och_namafolken" title="Folkmordet på herero- och namafolken – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Folkmordet på herero- och namafolken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herero_ve_Nama_Soyk%C4%B1r%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Herero ve Nama Soykırımı – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Herero ve Nama Soykırımı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Геноцид племен гереро і нама – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Геноцид племен гереро і нама" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%E1%BB%87t_ch%E1%BB%A7ng_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Herero_v%C3%A0_Namaqua" 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href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2003-0005,_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwest-Afrika,_Kriegsgefangene_Herero.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2003-0005%2C_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwest-Afrika%2C_Kriegsgefangene_Herero.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2003-0005%2C_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwest-Afrika%2C_Kriegsgefangene_Herero.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2003-0005%2C_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwest-Afrika%2C_Kriegsgefangene_Herero.jpg/450px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2003-0005%2C_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwest-Afrika%2C_Kriegsgefangene_Herero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2003-0005%2C_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwest-Afrika%2C_Kriegsgefangene_Herero.jpg/600px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2003-0005%2C_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwest-Afrika%2C_Kriegsgefangene_Herero.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Krygsgevangene Nama en Herero in 1904</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:095_deutsch-sudwestafrika_(1905).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/095_deutsch-sudwestafrika_%281905%29.png/220px-095_deutsch-sudwestafrika_%281905%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/095_deutsch-sudwestafrika_%281905%29.png/330px-095_deutsch-sudwestafrika_%281905%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/095_deutsch-sudwestafrika_%281905%29.png/440px-095_deutsch-sudwestafrika_%281905%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1744" data-file-height="2189" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van die militêre optrede en kampe van die opstandelinge in 1904</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <b>Namibiese volksmoord 1904</b> word beskou as die eerste <a href="/wiki/Volksmoord" title="Volksmoord">volksmoord</a> van die <a href="/wiki/20ste_eeu" title="20ste eeu">20ste eeu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit het plaasgevind in <a href="/wiki/Duits-Suidwes-Afrika" title="Duits-Suidwes-Afrika">Duits-Suidwes-Afrika</a> (hedendaagse <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a>) van 1904 tot 1907 gedurende die sogenaamde <a href="/wiki/Wedloop_om_Afrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedloop om Afrika">Wedloop om Afrika</a>. Op 12 Januarie 1904 het die <a href="/wiki/Herero" title="Herero">Herero's</a> onder <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Maharero" title="Samuel Maharero">Samuel Maharero</a> in opstand gekom teen die <a href="/wiki/Duitse_koloniale_ryk" title="Duitse koloniale ryk">Duitse koloniale regering</a> waarin Duitse setlaars ook gesterf het. In Augustus het die Duitse generaal <a href="/wiki/Lothar_von_Trotha" title="Lothar von Trotha">Lothar von Trotha</a> die Herero's in die <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Waterberg" title="Slag van Waterberg">Slag van Waterberg</a> verslaan en hulle die woestyn van <a href="/wiki/Omaheke" title="Omaheke">Omaheke</a> ingedryf waar die meeste van hulle weens dors omgekom het. In Oktober het die <a href="/wiki/Nama_(volk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nama (volk)">Namas</a> ook die wapen teen die Duitsers opgeneem en hulle het dieselfde lot as die Herero's oorgekom. In geheel is tussen 24 000 en 65 000 Herero's (geraam op 50% na 70% van die totale Hererobevolking) en 10 000 (50% van die totale Namabevolking) doodgemaak. Die volksmoord is gekenmerk deur wydverspreide dood deur <a href="/wiki/Hongersnood" title="Hongersnood">hongersnood</a> en die inname van water wat deur die Duitsers in die <a href="/wiki/Namibwoestyn" title="Namibwoestyn">Namibwoestyn</a> met gif behandel is.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kroll_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kroll-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1985 het die <i>Whitaker-verslag</i> van die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Nasies" title="Verenigde Nasies">Verenigde Nasies</a> Duitsland se poging tot die uitwissing van die Herero- en Namavolk van <a href="/wiki/Suidwes-Afrika" title="Suidwes-Afrika">Suidwes-Afrika</a> as een van die eerste volksmoorde van die 20ste eeu erken. Die Duitse regering het in 2004 amptelik vir die gebeure om verskoning gevra.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC08142004_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC08142004-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op 10 Julie 2015 het die Duitse regering as regsopvolger van die <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Keiserryk" title="Duitse Keiserryk">Duitse Keiserryk</a> die gebeure amptelik as volksmoord erken.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Mei 2021 het die Duitse regering ingestem om oor 30 jaar € 1,1 miljard te betaal om projekte te finansier in gemeenskappe wat deur die volksmoord geraak is.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agtergrond">Agtergrond</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Agtergrond" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Agtergrond"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Theodor_Leutwein_%26_Samuel_Maharero_(1895).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Theodor_Leutwein_%26_Samuel_Maharero_%281895%29.png/250px-Theodor_Leutwein_%26_Samuel_Maharero_%281895%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Theodor_Leutwein_%26_Samuel_Maharero_%281895%29.png/375px-Theodor_Leutwein_%26_Samuel_Maharero_%281895%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Theodor_Leutwein_%26_Samuel_Maharero_%281895%29.png/500px-Theodor_Leutwein_%26_Samuel_Maharero_%281895%29.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Leutwein" title="Theodor Leutwein">Theodor Leutwein</a> (heel links) met <a href="/wiki/Zacharias_Zeraua" title="Zacharias Zeraua">Zacharias Zeraua</a> (tweede van links) en <a href="/wiki/Manasse_Tyiseseta" title="Manasse Tyiseseta">Manasse Tyiseseta</a> (vierde van links), 1895. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Maharero" title="Samuel Maharero">Samuel Maharero</a> staan regs.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Herero's was oorspronklik 'n stam van beeswagters wat in 'n deel van Duits-Suidwes-Afrika gewoon het. Die gebied waarin die Herero's gewoon het was bekend as <a href="/wiki/Damaraland" title="Damaraland">Damaraland</a>. </p><p>Gedurende die <i>Wedloop om Afrika</i> het die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk_van_Groot-Brittanje_en_Ierland" title="Verenigde Koninkryk van Groot-Brittanje en Ierland">Britte</a> dit duidelik gestel dat hulle nie in die gebied belangstel nie. Die gebied is gevolglik in Augustus 1884 tot 'n Duitse protektoraat verklaar; op daardie tydstip was dit die enigste oorsese gebied wat aan Duitsland behoort het, wat geskik gelyk het vir blanke nedersetting. Daar is vanuit die staanspoor verset aangeteken deur die <a href="/wiki/Khoikhoi" title="Khoikhoi">Khoikhoi</a> teen Duitse besetting alhoewel 'n vae vrede in 1894 gesluit is. In daardie jaar het <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Leutwein" title="Theodor Leutwein">Theodor Leutwein</a> die goewerneur van die gebied geword en dit het 'n tydperk van vinnige ontwikkeling ondergaan wat tot groot ontevredenheid gelei het terwyl Duitsland die <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutztruppe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schutztruppe (bladsy bestaan nie)">Schutztruppe</a></i> (koloniale ryksmag) gestuur het om die gebied tot bedaring te bring.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC290801_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC290801-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Europese setlaars is aangemoedig om hulle te vestig op grond wat van die inboorlinge afgeneem is, wat gelei het tot groot ontevredenheid. Oor die volgende dekade het die grond en vee wat noodsaaklik was vir die voortbestaan van die Herero- en Namalewenstyl, in die hande van Duitsers beland wat in Suidwes-Afrika aangekom het.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Duitse koloniale oorheersing was ver van egalitaries; inboorlinge is gebruik vir slawe-arbeid en hulle grond het dikwels aan koloniste gegaan. </p><p>Alhoewel <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamante</a> voorgehou word as een van die hoofbelange van Duitsland in die gebied, en ook voorgehou word as een van die hoofredes vir die volksmoord, het daar eers sedert 1908 verslae verskyn van diamante in die gebied. Duitse koloniste het die Herero's en Namas uitgebuit, maar sover huidige dokumentasie kan vasstel het diamante geen rol gespeel in die volksmoord nie.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opstande">Opstande</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Opstande" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Opstande"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hererowars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Hererowars.jpg/300px-Hererowars.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Hererowars.jpg/450px-Hererowars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Hererowars.jpg/600px-Hererowars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Die Duitse troepe tydens 'n geveg met die Herero, 'n skildery van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Kn%C3%B6tel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Knötel (bladsy bestaan nie)">Richard Knötel</a> (1857–1914)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1903 het sommige van die Namastamme onder leiding van <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Witbooi" title="Hendrik Witbooi">Hendrik Witbooi</a> in opstand gekom teen die Duitsers.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC290801_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC290801-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verskeie faktore het daartoe gelei dat die Herero's in Januarie 1904 by die Namas aangesluit het. </p><p>Een van die grootste kwessies was grondregte. Die Herero's het teen 1903 reeds meer as 'n kwart van hulle grond (130 000 km²) aan Duitse koloniste afgestaan<sup id="cite_ref-Bridgman,_60_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bridgman,_60-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en dit was voor die voltooiing van die <a href="/wiki/Otavi" title="Otavi">Otavi</a>-spoorweg wat van die kus na Duitse nedersettings in die binneland gelei het.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die voltooiing van hierdie spoorweg sou veroorsaak dat die Duitse kolonies meer toeganklik is en dit sou ook lei tot groter toestroming van Europeërs na die gebied.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samesprekinge oor die moontlikheid van die oprigting en plasing van die Herero's in reservate was nog 'n aanduiding van die Duitse koloniste se sin van eienaarskap oor die land.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>'n Nuwe beleid oor skuldvordering wat in November 1903 ingestel is, het ook 'n rol gespeel in die opstand van die Herero's. Jare lank het die Herero's die gewoonte gehad om geld by blanke handelaars te leen teen hoë rente. Hierdie skuld is lank nie betaal nie omdat die Herero's nie geld gegenereer het waarmee hulle die skuld kon delg nie. Om hierdie groterwordende probleem op te stel, het goewerneur Leutwein bepaal dat alle skuld wat nie in die komende jaar terugbetaal is nie, afgeskryf word.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weens 'n tekort aan kontant het handelaars dikwels vee of enige voorwerp wat die skuld sou delg, geneem. Dit het 'n gevoel van afsydigheid jeens die Duitsers laat ontstaan.<sup id="cite_ref-Bridgman,_60_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bridgman,_60-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daar was ook rassespanning tussen die twee groepe; die deursnee- Duitse kolonis het die inboorlinge as 'n goedkoop bron van arbeid gesien en ander het hulle uitwissing gesteun.<sup id="cite_ref-Bridgman,_60_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bridgman,_60-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Om die gaping tussen die Europeërs en die Afrikane te illustreer het die Duitse Koloniale-liga voorgehou dat die getuienis van sewe Afrikane gelykstaande was aan die getuienis van een Europeër.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Herero's het gevoel dat hulle opstand vroeg in 1904 geregverdig was. Onder leiding van hoofman <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Maharero" title="Samuel Maharero">Samuel Maharero</a> het hulle <a href="/wiki/Okahandja" title="Okahandja">Okahandja</a> omsingel en die verbindings met <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a>, die koloniale hoofstad, afgesny. Maharero het 'n manifes uitgereik waarin hy sy manskappe verbied het om Engelse en Boere wat nie met die stamme ingemeng het nie, se lewens te spaar, asook vroue en kinders in die algemeen.<sup id="cite_ref-Bridgman70_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bridgman70-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die tydsberekening van hulle aanval was ideaal. Nadat goewerneur Leutwein 'n groot Hererostam sover gekry het om die wapen neer te lê, was hy oortuig daarvan dat die res van die inboorlinge hul wil om te veg verloor het en het hy die helfte van sy troepe aan die kolonie onttrek.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leutwein is gedwing om versterkings en 'n ervare offisier van die Duitse hoofstad, <a href="/wiki/Berlyn" title="Berlyn">Berlyn</a>, te ontbied.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luitenant-generaal <a href="/wiki/Lothar_von_Trotha" title="Lothar von Trotha">Lothar von Trotha</a> is op 3 Mei aangestel as Opperbevelhebber van Duits-Suidwes-Afrika en hy het op 11 Junie saam met 14 000 troepe geland. </p><p>Die burgerlike Leutwein was ondergeskik aan die Koloniale Departement van die Pruisiese Buitelandse Kantoor wat aan kanselier <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernhard von Bülow (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bernhard von Bülow</a> verslag gelewer het. Von Trotha het egter aan die Duitse Generalestaf verslag gelewer wat slegs ondergeskik was aan keiser <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II_van_Duitsland" title="Wilhelm II van Duitsland">Wilhelm II</a>. Leutwein wou graag die mees vasberade Hererorebelle verslaan en dan 'n politieke skikking met die res beding.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark605_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark605-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Von Trotha wou egter die inboorlingverset met geweld verslaan. Generaal Von Trotha se redenering vir die gebruik van geweld is gebaseer op rasisme na aanleiding van die volgende uitspraak wat hy gemaak het: "My intieme kennis van baie Afrika-stamme (Bantoe en andere) van oraloor het my daarvan oortuig dat die Kaffer nie verdrae respekteer nie maar slegs brute krag."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Die_volksmoord">Die volksmoord</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Die volksmoord" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Die volksmoord"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R27576,_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwestafrika,_Herero-Aufstand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R27576%2C_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwestafrika%2C_Herero-Aufstand.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R27576%2C_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwestafrika%2C_Herero-Aufstand.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R27576%2C_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwestafrika%2C_Herero-Aufstand.jpg/450px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R27576%2C_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwestafrika%2C_Herero-Aufstand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R27576%2C_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwestafrika%2C_Herero-Aufstand.jpg/600px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R27576%2C_Deutsch-S%C3%BCdwestafrika%2C_Herero-Aufstand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>In die middel: Luitenant-generaal Lothar von Trotha, die Oberbefehlshaber (Opperbevelhebber) van die beskermingswag in Duits Suidwes-Afrika in Keetmanshoop gedurende die Herero-opstand, 1904</figcaption></figure> <p>Generaal Von Trotha het sy voorgestelde oplossing vir die opstande van die Herero's in 'n brief bekend gemaak voor die Slag van Waterberg tussen die Herero's en die Duitse weermag:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>"Ek glo dat 'n volk soos hierdie uitgewis behoort te word of indien dit nie moontlik is deur taktiese maatstawwe nie, hulle van die land verdryf behoort te word … Dit sal slegs moontlik wees indien die watergate van Grootfontein tot by Gobabis beset word. Die gedurige beweging van ons troepe sal ons in staat stel op die klein groepies van die volk te vind wat teruggetrek het sodat ons hulle kan doodmaak." </p> </blockquote> <p>Von Trotha se troepe het tussen 3 000 en 5 000 Herero's by die Slag van Waterberg verslaan op 11 en 12 Augustus 1904 maar hulle was nie daartoe in staat om die militêre bedreiging te omsingel en uit te skakel nie.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark605_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark605-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soos wat die Herero's teruggeval het, het Jan Cloete wat opgetree het as 'n gids vir die Duitsers, gruweldade van die Duitsers aanskou en die volgende daaroor te sê gehad:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>"Ek was daar toe die Herero's verslaan is in die omgewing van Waterberg. Na die slag is alle mans, vroue en kinders wat in Duitse hande beland het, of hulle gewond was of nie, genadeloos doodgemaak. Die Duitsers is die res agterna en almal wat langs die pad raakgeloop is, is doodgeskiet en gesteek. Die meeste van die Hereromans was ongewapen en kon dus nie weerstand bied nie. Hulle het net met hul vee probeer wegkom." </p> </blockquote> <p>Die oorlewendes het met hulle gesinne teruggetrek in die rigting van <a href="/wiki/Betsjoeanaland" title="Betsjoeanaland">Betsjoeanaland</a> nadat die Britte aan die Herero's <a href="/wiki/Asiel" title="Asiel">asiel</a> toegestaan het onder die voorwaarde dat hulle nie die opstand op Britse grond sou voortsit nie. Ongeveer 24 000 Herero's het dit reggekry om die <a href="/wiki/Kalahari" title="Kalahari">Kalahari</a> in te vlug in 'n poging om die Britse protektoraat te bereik. Duitse patrollies het later skedels rondom gate (van 20-25 voet diep) gekry wat gegrawe is in 'n poging om water te kry. Maharero en 1 000 manne het die Kalahari oorleef en Betsjoeanaland bereik. </p><p>Op 2 Oktober het Von Trotha 'n appèl uitgereik aan die Herero's: </p> <table style="margin:auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent; width:auto;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:10px 10px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="padding:4px 10px;">Ek, die groot generaal van die Duitse magte, stuur hierdie brief aan die Herero's … Alle Herero's moet hierdie land verlaat … Enige Herero wat gevind word binne die Duitse grense, met of sonder 'n geweer, met of sonder vee, sal geskiet word. Ek sal nie meer vroue of kinders aanvaar nie. Ek sal hulle terugdryf na hul eie mense of ek sal op hulle laat skiet. Dit is my besluit vir die Hereromense. </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:10px 10px;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-right: 4%"><p style="font-size:smaller;text-align: right"><cite style="font-style:normal;">—Lothar von Trotha, <sup id="cite_ref-BBC120104_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC120104-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Lothar_von_Trotha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lothar_von_Trotha.jpg/170px-Lothar_von_Trotha.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Lothar_von_Trotha.jpg/255px-Lothar_von_Trotha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Lothar_von_Trotha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lothar_von_Trotha" title="Lothar von Trotha">Lothar von Trotha</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Von Trotha het toe die bevel gegee dat Herero's wat gevange geneem is, tereggestel moet word, terwyl vroue en kinders die woestyn in gedryf moet word.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark605_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark605-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Duitse Generalestaf was bewus van die wreedhede wat plaasgevind het en dit is selfs in hul amptelike publikasie, by name Der Kampf, geskryf dat "die waterlose Omaheke die werk van die Duitse mag moes beëindig naamlik die verwoesting van die Herero's."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goewerneur Leutwein, wat later van sy poste ontslaan is omdat hy nie die Herero's kon verslaan nie, het by kanselier Bernhard von Bülow oor Von Trotha se aksies gekla aangesien hy ervaar het dat die generaal se aksies enige kans van 'n skikking in die wiele gery het en dat hy ingemeng het met burgerlike koloniale jurisdiksie.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark606_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark606-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volgens <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmood_Mamdani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmood Mamdani (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mahmood Mamdani</a> wat teenstand teen die beleid van uitwissing grootliks 'n gevolg van die feit dat koloniale amptenare die Herero's gesien het as goedkoop arbeiders, dus hulle was van ekonomiese belang.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goewerneur Leutwein het byvoorbeeld geskryf: "Ek stem nie saam met die fanatici wat die Herero's totaal wil uitwis nie … ek beskou dit as 'n ernstige fout vanuit 'n ekonomiese oogpunt. Ons het die Herero's nodig as veetelers … en veral as arbeiders."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kanselier von Bülow kon slegs die Keiser adviseer dat Von Trotha se aksies "teen Christelike en humanitêre beginsels indruis, dat dit ekonomies verwoestend is en dat dit Duitsland se internasionale beeld skaad" omdat hy geen outoriteit oor die weermag gehad het nie.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark606_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark606-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na 'n politieke geveg in Berlyn tussen die burgerlike regering en die weermag, het Wilhelm II Von Trotha se besluit van 2 Oktober op 8 Desember onklaar gemaak, maar die bloedbad het reeds begin. Toe die bevel aan die einde van 1904 gelig is, is gevangenes in <a href="/wiki/Konsentrasiekamp" title="Konsentrasiekamp">konsentrasiekampe</a> gesit en as slawe-arbeiders aan Duitse besighede gegee. Baie gevangenes het gesterf weens wanvoeding en oorwerking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konsentrasiekampe">Konsentrasiekampe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Konsentrasiekampe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Konsentrasiekampe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oorlewendes, hoofsaaklik vroue en kinders, is uiteindelik in <a href="/wiki/Konsentrasiekampe" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsentrasiekampe">konsentrasiekampe</a> geplaas, soos dié by <a href="/wiki/Shark_Island-konsentrasiekamp" title="Shark Island-konsentrasiekamp">Haai-eiland</a>, soortgelyk aan die kampe wat die Britte teen die Boere in die <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Boereoorlog" class="mw-disambig" title="Anglo-Boereoorlog">Anglo-Boereoorlog</a> gebruik het. Die Duitse owerhede het aan elke Herero 'n nommer toegeken en het elke sterftegeval noukeurig aangeteken, hetsy in die kampe of weens gedwonge arbeid. Duitse ondernemings kon Herero's huur om as mannekrag gebruik en verslag sterftes van werknemers is aan Duitse owerhede gelewer. Gedwonge arbeid, siekte en wanvoeding het 'n geraamde 50-80% van die totale Herero-populasie teen 1908, toe die kampe toegemaak is, uitgewis. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Herero_chained.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Herero_chained.jpg/250px-Herero_chained.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Herero_chained.jpg/375px-Herero_chained.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Herero_chained.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption>Herero's wat deur Duitse troepe geketting is in 1904</figcaption></figure> <p>'n Amptelike verslag oor die kampe in 1908 het die sterftesyfer as 45,2% van alle gevangenes in al vyf kampe voorgehou. Die gevangenes is omhein deur doringtakke en doringdraad en mense is in klein areas geprop. In die kamp in Windhoek was daar in 1906 ongeveer 5 000 gevangenes. Rantsoene is tot die minimum beperk en het bestaan uit 'n daaglikse porsie van een handvol ongekookte rys, bietjie water en sout. Die Herero's en Namas was onbekend met rys en die ongewone dieet kon moontlik bygedra het tot die hoë sterftesyfer. Siektes in kampe is swak beheer. 'n Tekort aan mediese aandag, onhigiëniese leefkwartiere en tekort aan klere asook die hoë konsentrasie van mense in die kampe het bygedra tot die verspreiding van siektes soos tifus. Lyfstraf was ook deel van die kamplewe en gevangenes is geslaan as hulle nie wou werk nie. Op 28 September 1905 het die <a href="/wiki/Cape_Argus" title="Cape Argus">Cape Argus</a> die volgende opskrif gehad: "<i>In German S.W. Africa: Further Startling Allegations: Horrible Cruelty</i> (In Duits S.W. Afrika: Verdere Ontstellende Bewerings: Verskriklike Wreedhede)" 'n Onderhoud met Percival Griffith wat in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCderitz" title="Lüderitz">Lüderitz</a> gewerk het, het die volgende opgeklaar: "Daar is honderde van hulle, hoofsaaklik vroue, kinders en 'n paar ou mans … wanneer hulle val word hulle geslaan deur die soldate wat in beheer is, totdat hulle opstaan … Met een geleentheid het ek 'n vrou gesien met 'n klein kindie op haar rug en sak graan op haar kop … sy het geval. Die korporaal het haar en die kindjie geslaan vir langer as vier minute … die vrou het stadig opgestaan. Sy het die hele tyd stilgebly maar die kind het baie hard gehuil."<sup id="cite_ref-preventgenocide_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preventgenocide-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gedurende die oorlog het 'n hele aantal mense van die Kaapkolonie, wat nie baie geld gehad het nie, gewerk as transportryers vir Duitse troepe in Duits Suidwes-Afrika. Met hulle terugkeer aan die Kaap het van hierdie mense hulle stories oorvertel, waaronder dié van die gevangenisskap en volksmoord van die Herero's en Namas. Fred Cornell 'n Britse diamantprospekteerder was in Lüderitz toe die Haai-eilandkamp gebruik is. Cornell het van die kamp geskryf: "Koue – in die nagte dikwels bitter koud – hongerte, dors, blootstelling, siekte en waansin het daagliks talle slagoffers geëis en wavragte lyke is daagliks begrawe in die strand sodat die see die liggame kan wegspoel."<sup id="cite_ref-preventgenocide_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preventgenocide-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die konsentrasiekamp op Haai-eiland was die ergste van die vyf kampe. Lüderitz, waar die kamp was, lê tussen die woestyn en die see. Haai-eiland lê in die hawe wat met 'n klein laagwaterbrug aan die vasteland verbind is. Die eiland was en is steeds onvrugbaar. Die kamp was geleë op die verste end van die klein eiland waar die gevangenes totale blootstelling aan die sterk winde sou ervaar. Die eerste gevangenes, volgens 'n sendeling genaamd Kuhlman, was 487 Herero's wat op die spoorweg tussen Lüderitz en Kubub moes werk. In 1905 het Kuhlman verslag gelewer oor die swak toestande en hoë sterftesyfer onder die Herero's op die eiland. Regdeur 1906 was daar 'n invloei van gevangenes met 1,790 Namagevangenes wat op 9 September aangekom het. In die jaarlikse verslag oor Lüderitz in 1906 het 'n onbekende klerk opgemerk dat die "Engel van die Dood" na Haai-eiland gekom het. Duitse Kommandeur Von Estorff het in 'n verslag gemeld dat ongeveer 1,700 gevangenes teen 1907 gesterf het (1,203 was Namas). In Desember 1906, vier maande na hul aankoms, het 291 Namas gesterf teen 'n tempo van meer as nege per dag. Sendelingverslae het die sterftekoers op tussen 12 en 18 per dag geraam; soveel as 80% van gevangenes op Haai-eiland het nie lewend daarvan af gekom nie.<sup id="cite_ref-preventgenocide_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preventgenocide-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Nederlandse historikus Jan-Bart Gewald van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiteit_van_Keulen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiteit van Keulen (bladsy bestaan nie)">Universiteit van Keulen</a> het geskryf dat die Duitsers spesiale kampe vir hulle troepe opgestel het en dat baie kinders van gemengde ras daar gebore is. Nadat die meeste Hereromans doodgemaak is moes die oorlewende vroue as prostitute vir die Duitsers dien.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Von Trotha het nie gehou van die idee van kontak tussen die Herero's en Duitsers nie en het geglo dat die opstand "die begin van rassespanning" was en hy was ook bang dat die koloniste besmet sou word met die siektes van die inboorlinge.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark606_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark606-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verband_met_die_Sjoa_(Holocaust)"><span id="Verband_met_die_Sjoa_.28Holocaust.29"></span>Verband met die Sjoa (Holocaust)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Verband met die Sjoa (Holocaust)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Verband met die Sjoa (Holocaust)"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Hererovolksmoord word met die slagting van die Jode tydens die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> verbind aangesien 'n hele aantal navorsers argumenteer dat die Herero-volksmoord 'n presedent in die Duitse Keiserryk geskep het wat gelei het tot die stigting van konsentrasiekampe in Nazi-Duitsland soos die een by <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz-konsentrasiekamp" title="Auschwitz-konsentrasiekamp">Auschwitz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmoud_Mamdani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmoud Mamdani (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mahmoud Mamdani</a> meen dat die verband tussen die <a href="/wiki/Sjoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjoa">Sjoa</a> en die Herero-volksmoord verder strek as die uitvoering van 'n vernietigingsbevel en die oprigting van konsentrasiekampe. Mamdani let op die ooreenkomste tussen die doelwitte en begeertes van generaal Von Trotha en die Nazi's deur te fokus op 'n stelling wat Von Trotha gemaak het waarin hy geskryf het: "Ek verwoes die Afrika-stamme met baie bloed … slegs na so 'n reiniging kan iets nuuts na vore kom wat sal hou."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In beide gevalle was daar 'n Sosialistiese Darwinistiese begrip van "reiniging" waarna "iets nuuts" "na vore sal kom".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Duitse genetikus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugen_Fischer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugen Fischer (bladsy bestaan nie)">Eugen Fischer</a> het ook nog na die kampe gekom om mediese eksperimente wat verband hou met ras, op die Herero's en die basterkinders van Hererovroue en Duitse mans te doen.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fischer het later die kanselier van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiteit_van_Berlyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiteit van Berlyn (bladsy bestaan nie)">Universiteit van Berlyn</a> geword waar hy aan opkomende Duitse dokters klas gegee het. Een van sy prominente studente was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Mengele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Mengele (bladsy bestaan nie)">Josef Mengele</a>, die dokter wat genetiese eksperimente op Joodse kinders by Auschwitz gedoen het.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erkenning,_ontkenning_en_vergoeding"><span id="Erkenning.2C_ontkenning_en_vergoeding"></span>Erkenning, ontkenning en vergoeding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Erkenning, ontkenning en vergoeding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Erkenning, ontkenning en vergoeding"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volgens die "Whitaker-verslag" van die Verenigde Nasies in 1985 is ongeveer 65 000 Herero's (80% van die totale Herero-bevolking) en 10 000 Namas (50% van die totale Nama-bevolking) doodgemaak tussen 1904 en 1907. Ander skattings gee 'n totaal van 100 000 sterftes. Die Duitse skrywer Walter Nuhn meen egter dat daar in 1904 slegs 40 000 Herero's in Duits-Suidwes-Afrika gewoon het wat beteken dat "slegs 24,000 doodgemaak kon word."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Duitse administrasie het geen sensus voor 1904 gehou nie. Die eerste mensetelling het in 1905 plaasgevind wat aangedui het dat daar slegs 25 000 Herero's in Duits-Suidwes-Afrika was.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998 het die Duitse president <a href="/wiki/Roman_Herzog" title="Roman Herzog">Roman Herzog</a> Namibië en die Herero-leiers besoek. Hoofman Munjuku Nguvauva het 'n openbare verskoning en vergoeding geëis. Herzog het sy spyt uitgespreek maar het nie 'n verskoning aangebied nie. Hy het ook gesê dat vergoeding buite die kwessie is. </p><p>Op 16 Augustus 2004, met die 100-jarige herdenking aan die begin van die oorlog, het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heidemarie_Wieczorek-Zeul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul (bladsy bestaan nie)">Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul</a>, Duitsland se Minister van Ontwikkelingshulp, vir die heel eerste keer amptelik om verskoning gevra en rou betoon oor die volksmoord wat deur die Duitsers gepleeg is. Sy het gesê: "Ons, Duitsers, aanvaar ons historiese en morele verpligting en het 'n skuldgevoel oor wat die Duitsers in daardie tyd gedoen het." Sy het bygevoeg dat die bloedbad gelykstaande aan volksmoord is sonder om uitdruklik te verwys na die konsentrasiekampe en slawerny wat deur die Duitsers gedokumenteer is. Sy het 'n spesiale vergoeding uitgesluit en genoem dat die Duitse regering reeds 'n jaarlikse bedrag van €11,5 miljoen aan Namibië betaal as ontwikkelingshulp.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC08142004_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC08142004-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Herero's het in 2001 'n regsgeding in die Verenigde State teen die Duitste regering en die <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> gebring waarin in vergoeding gëeis word. Die Deutsche Bank het die Duitse regering en maatskappye in Suider-Afrika gefinansier.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC120104_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC120104-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die nasate van Lothar von Trotha en die Von Trotha-familie het in Oktober 2007 op uitnodiging van die Hererohoofmanne na <a href="/wiki/Omaruru" title="Omaruru">Omaruru</a> gereis en in die openbaar verskoning gevra vir die generaal se aksies. Wolf-Thilo von Trotha het gesê "Ons, die Von Trotha-familie, kry baie skaam vir die verskriklike gebeure wat 100 jaar gelede hied plaasgevind het. Menseregte is erg aangetas in daardie tyd."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die voormalige Namibiese ambassadeur in Duitsland, Peter Katjavivi, het in 2008 daarop aangedring dat die skedels van die Herero- en Namagevangenes van die 1904–1908 opstande na Namibië terug moet keer. Dit is na Duitsland geneem om te bewys dat die Europeërs superieur is oor die Afrikane. Katjavivi het gereageer op 'n Duitse televisie-dokumentêr wat bekend gemaak het dat die navorsers vir die dokumentêr meer as 40 skedels aan twee Duitse universiteite gekry het. Een van die skedels was waarskynlik dié van 'n Namahoofman wat op Haai-eiland naby Lüderitz gesterf het.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nasleep">Nasleep</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Nasleep" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Nasleep"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dit het tot 1908 geduur voordat die Duitsers volle beheer oor die gebied kon verkry. Tydens die toppunt van die veldtog was ongeveer 19 000 Duitse troepe betrokke. In dieselfde tyd is <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamante</a> in die gebied ontdek en dit het die vooruitgang 'n groot hupstoot gegee. Dit was egter van korte duur. Die Duitse kolonie is oorgeneem en beset deur die <a href="/wiki/Unie_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Unie van Suid-Afrika">Unie van Suid-Afrika</a> in 1915 in een van die veldtogte van die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a>. Suid-Afrika het 'n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkebondmandaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volkebondmandaat (bladsy bestaan nie)">mandaat</a> van die <a href="/wiki/Volkebond" title="Volkebond">Volkebond</a> in 1919 onder die <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Versailles" title="Verdrag van Versailles">Verdrag van Versailles</a> oor <a href="/wiki/Suidwes-Afrika" title="Suidwes-Afrika">Suidwes-Afrika</a> gekry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiktiewe_voorstellings">Fiktiewe voorstellings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Fiktiewe voorstellings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Fiktiewe voorstellings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een hoofstuk in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a> se boek <i>V.</i> (1963) handel oor die volksmoord op die Herero's. 'n Groep van die karakters in <i>Gravity's Rainbow</i> (Pynchon, 1974) is ook afstammelinge van die Herero's en daar word subtiel na die volksmoord verwys. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Media" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Media"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'n BBC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-899627923732856130">dokumentêre rolprent</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110417101116/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-899627923732856130">Geargiveer</a> 17 April 2011 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> kyk na die Herero/Nama-volksmoord en die omstandighede daar rondom. </p><p>'n Kort dokumentêr wat nog vervaardig word, <i>From Herero To Hitler: Planting the Seeds of a Future Genocide</i>, sal kyk na hoe gebeure in Duits Suidwes-Afrika inskakel by die aksies van <a href="/wiki/Nazi-Duitsland" title="Nazi-Duitsland">Nazi-Duitsland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFLeviRothberg2003" class="citation book cs1">Levi, Neil; Rothberg, Michael (2003). <i>The Holocaust: Theoretical Readings</i>. Rutgers University Press. p. 465. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-8135-3353-8" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-8135-3353-8"><bdi>0-8135-3353-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holocaust%3A+Theoretical+Readings&rft.pages=465&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8135-3353-8&rft.aulast=Levi&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.au=Rothberg%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANamibiese+volksmoord+1904-1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahmood Mamdani, <i>When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda</i>, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2001, bl. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons, Israel W. Charny, "Century of genocide: critical essays and eyewitness accounts", Routledge, 2004, bl. 51 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=5Ef8Hrx8Cd0C&pg=PA51&dq=Herero+Poisoned+wells">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie-Aude Baronian, Stephan Besser, Yolande Jansen, "Diaspora and memory: figures of displacement in contemporary literature, arts and politics", Rodopi, 2007, bl. 33, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=LItBN2keNpQC&pg=PA33&dq=Herero+starvation">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kroll-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-kroll_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dan Kroll, "Securing our water supply: protecting a vulnerable resource", PennWell Corp/University of Michigan Press, bl. 22, <a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=PennWell+Corp&go=Go">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC08142004-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BBC08142004_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BBC08142004_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3565938.stm">"Germany admits Namibia genocide"</a> (in Engels). <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 14 Augustus 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211034004/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3565938.stm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 11 Desember 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany+admits+Namibia+genocide&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2004-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F3565938.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANamibiese+volksmoord+1904-1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/namibia-massaker-bundesregierung-spricht-von-voelkermord-a-1043117.html">spiegel.de: <i>Namibia-Massaker: Bundesregierung spricht von "Völkermord"</i></a>. Besoek op 11 Julie 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFOltermann2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oltermann, Philip (28 Mei 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/28/germany-agrees-to-pay-namibia-11bn-over-historical-herero-nama-genocide">"Germany agrees to pay Namibia €1.1bn over historical Herero-Nama genocide"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i> (in Engels)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">28 Mei</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Germany+agrees+to+pay+Namibia+%E2%82%AC1.1bn+over+historical+Herero-Nama+genocide&rft.date=2021-05-28&rft.aulast=Oltermann&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fmay%2F28%2Fgermany-agrees-to-pay-namibia-11bn-over-historical-herero-nama-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANamibiese+volksmoord+1904-1908" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_url-status" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: url-status">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC290801-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BBC290801_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BBC290801_9-1">9,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1514856.stm">“A bloody history: Namibia’s colonisation”</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 29 Augustus 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bridgman, Jon M. (1981). The revolt of the Hereros. California University Press. bl. 57, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=k1bRcJ885fAC&pg=PP2&dq=The+Rise+of+the+Hereros&cd=2#v=onepage&q=The%20Rise%20of%20the%20Hereros&f=false">[4]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chalk, Frank; Jonassohn, Kurt (1990) The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies. Yale University Press. bl. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bridgman,_60-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bridgman,_60_12-0">12,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bridgman,_60_12-1">12,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Bridgman,_60_12-2">12,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Bridgman, 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chalk & Jonassohn, 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Drechsler, Horst. (1980). <i>Let Us Die Fighting</i>. Zed Press. bl. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Drechsler, 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bridgman, 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Drechsler, 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bridgman70-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bridgman70_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jon Bridgman, "The revolt of the Hereros", University of California Press, 1981, bl. 70, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=k1bRcJ885fAC&pg=PP2&dq=The+Rise+of+the+Hereros&cd=2#v=snippet&q=women%20and%20children&f=false">[5]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bridgman, 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark, bl. 604</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark605-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clark605_21-0">21,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clark605_21-1">21,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clark605_21-2">21,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark, bl. 605</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J.B. Gewald, Herero Heroes: A Socio-Political History of the Herero of Namibia 1890–1923, Oxford, Cape Town, Athens, OH, 1999, bl. 173</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mamdani, bl. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Drechsler, Let us Die Fighting, bl. 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC120104-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BBC120104_25-0">25,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BBC120104_25-1">25,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3388901.stm">“Germany regrets Namibia ‘genocide’”</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 12 Januarie 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tilman Dedering, A Certain Rigorous Treatment of all Parts of the Nation: The Annihilation of the Herero in German South West Africa, 1904, bl. 213</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark606-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clark606_27-0">27,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clark606_27-1">27,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Clark606_27-2">27,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark, bl. 606</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mamdani, bl.12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gewald, Herero Heroes, bl. 169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-preventgenocide-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-preventgenocide_30-0">30,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-preventgenocide_30-1">30,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-preventgenocide_30-2">30,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.preventgenocide.org/prevent/news-monitor/2001sept.htm">Prevent Genocide International</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070906194257/http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/courses/306/herero.html">"Mail&Guardian: The tribe Germany wants to forget"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/courses/306/herero.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 6 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mail%26Guardian%3A+The+tribe+Germany+wants+to+forget&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artsci.wustl.edu%2F~anthro%2Fcourses%2F306%2Fherero.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANamibiese+volksmoord+1904-1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Zimmerman, "Anthropology and antihumanism in Imperial Germany", University of Chicago Press, 2001, bl. 244</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111019050522/http://www.socialistaction.org/news/199904/namibia.html">"Imperialism and Genocide in Namibia"</a> (in Engels). Socialist Action. April 1999. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialistaction.org/news/199904/Namibia.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 19 Oktober 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperialism+and+Genocide+in+Namibia&rft.pub=Socialist+Action&rft.date=1999-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialistaction.org%2Fnews%2F199904%2FNamibia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANamibiese+volksmoord+1904-1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gewald, Herero Heroes, bl. 174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mamdani, bl. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mamdani, bl. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jere-Malanda, "The Tribe Germany Wants to Forget", bl. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter Nuhn: <i>Sturm über Südwest. Der Hereroaufstand von 1904.</i> Bernhard & Graefe-Verlag, Koblenz 1989. <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/3763758526" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7637-5852-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank Robert Chalk, Kurt Jonassohn, Institut montréalais des études sur le génocide, "The history and sociology of genocide", Yale University Press, 1990, bl. 246, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=br4TXI5PchoC&pg=PA246&dq=Herero++25,000+1905">[6]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1561463.stm">"German bank accused of genocide"</a> (in Engels). <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 25 September 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040724130428/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1561463.stm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 24 Julie 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German+bank+accused+of+genocide&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2001-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F1561463.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANamibiese+volksmoord+1904-1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7033042.stm">"German family's Namibia apology"</a> (in Engels). <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 7 Oktober 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423100404/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7033042.stm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 23 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German+family%E2%80%99s+Namibia+apology&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2007-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F7033042.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANamibiese+volksmoord+1904-1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.namibian.com.na/2008/August/national/0822B4B7E0.html">http://www.namibian.com.na/2008/August/national/0822B4B7E0.html</a><sup><i>[dooie skakel]</i></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090802023315/http://www.filmsforthought.com/hererotohitler.html">"Rosemarie Reed Productions, LLC – Films for Thought: From Herero to Hitler: Planting the Seeds of a Future Genocide"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmsforthought.com/hererotohitler.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 2 Augustus 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rosemarie+Reed+Productions%2C+LLC+%E2%80%93+Films+for+Thought%3A+From+Herero+to+Hitler%3A+Planting+the+Seeds+of+a+Future+Genocide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmsforthought.com%2Fhererotohitler.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANamibiese+volksmoord+1904-1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie_en_dokumentêre"><span id="Bibliografie_en_dokument.C3.AAre"></span>Bibliografie en dokumentêre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Bibliografie en dokumentêre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie en dokumentêre"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.unlv.edu/anderson/">Rachel Anderson</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224022131/http://faculty.unlv.edu/anderson/publications/hererogenocide.html">Geargiveer</a> 24 Februarie 2012 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.unlv.edu/anderson/publications/hererogenocide.html"><i>Redressing Colonial Genocide Under International Law: The Hereros' Cause of Action Against Germany</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224022131/http://faculty.unlv.edu/anderson/publications/hererogenocide.html">Geargiveer</a> 24 Februarie 2012 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 93 California Law Review 1155 (2005).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFClark2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Clark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Clark (bladsy bestaan nie)">Clark, Christopher</a> (2006). <i>Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia 1600–1947</i>. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard. p. 776. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-674-02385-4" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-674-02385-4"><bdi>0-674-02385-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iron+Kingdom%3A+The+Rise+and+Downfall+of+Prussia+1600%E2%80%931947&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=776&rft.pub=Belknap+Press+of+Harvard&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-674-02385-4&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ANamibiese+volksmoord+1904-1908" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Exterminate all the Brutes</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sven_Lindqvist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sven Lindqvist (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sven Lindqvist</a>, Londen, 1996.</li> <li>"A Forgotten History-Concentration Camps were used by Germans in South West Africa", Casper W. Erichsen, in die <i>Mail & Guardian</i>, Johannesburg, 17 Augustus 2001.</li> <li><i>Genocide & The Second Reich</i>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Olusoga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Olusoga (bladsy bestaan nie)">David Olusoga</a>, October 2004</li> <li>German Federal Archives, Imperial Colonial Office, Vol. 2089, 7 (recto)</li> <li>"The Herero and Nama Genocides, 1904-1908", J.B. Gewald, in <i>Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity</i>, New York, Macmillan Reference, 2004.</li> <li><i>Herero Heroes: A Socio-Political History of the Herero of Namibia 1890–1923</i>, J.B. Gewald, Oxford, Cape Town, Athens, OH, 1999.</li> <li><i>Let Us Die Fighting: the Struggle of the Herero and Nama against German Imperialism, 1884–1915</i>, Horst Drechsler, Londen, 1980.</li> <li>"The Revolt of the Hereros", Jon M. Bridgman, <i>Perspectives on Southern Africa</i>, Berkeley, University of California, 1981.</li> <li>A probable source for much of this information is Isabell Hull's <i>Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany</i> (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005). Parts of this entry are nearly word-for-word summaries of Hull's analysis.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verdere_leesstof">Verdere leesstof</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Verdere leesstof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_volksmoord_1904-1908&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Verdere leesstof"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Herero_and_Namaqua_Revolt" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Herero and Namaqua Revolt">Herero and Namaqua Revolt</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmz.de/de/Presse/reden/ministerin/rede20040814.html">Amptelike Duitse verskonings</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513044337/http://www.bmz.de/de/presse/reden/ministerin/rede20040814.html">Geargiveer</a> 13 Mei 2008 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.klausdierks.com/Chronology/61.htm">Die verset stryd kom neer op volksmoord: 1904–1906</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/courses/306/herero.html">Die stam waarvan Duitsland wil vergeet, <i>Mail & Guardian</i>, 13 Maart 1998</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070906194257/http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/courses/306/herero.html">Geargiveer</a> 6 September 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_10194.html">Volksmoord en die geskiedenis van gewelddadige uitbreiding</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928195508/http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_10194.html">Geargiveer</a> 28 September 2011 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nordbruch.org/artikel/sacramento.pdf">Wandade teenoor die Hererovolk gedurende die onderdrukking van hulle opstand in Duits Suidwes-Afrika 1904–1907</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528192912/http://www.nordbruch.org/artikel/sacramento.pdf">Geargiveer</a> 28 Mei 2008 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.preventgenocide.org/prevent/UNdocs/whitaker/section5.htm"><i>Whitaker-verslag</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.altearmee.de/herero/index.htm"><i>100. Jahrestag des Hereroaufstandes</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.az.com.na/index.php?page=news/news.php&identifier=1079864113&id=8714">Pilgrimage – Controversy – Reconciliation 1904–2004</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Artikels_oor_Namibië" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Artikels_oor_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Artikels oor Namibië"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/200px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geografie_van_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Geografie van Namibië">Geografie</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Streke_van_Namibi%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Streke van Namibië">Streke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_stede_en_dorpe_in_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Lys van stede en dorpe in Namibië">Stede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_nedersettings_in_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Lys van nedersettings in Namibië">Nedersettings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geologie_van_Namibi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geologie van Namibië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Geologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groot_Eskarp,_Suider-Afrika" title="Groot Eskarp, Suider-Afrika">Groot Eskarp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_eilande_van_Namibi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van eilande van Namibië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Eilande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahari" title="Kalahari">Kalahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibwoestyn" title="Namibwoestyn">Namibwoestyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_ekostreke_van_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Lys van ekostreke van Namibië">Ekostreke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_nasionale_parke_van_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Lys van nasionale parke van Namibië">Beskermde gebiede</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communal_Wildlife_Conservancies_in_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communal Wildlife Conservancies in Namibia (bladsy bestaan nie)">Natuurbewaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natuurlewe_van_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Natuurlewe van Namibië">Natuurlewe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politiek_van_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Politiek van Namibië">Politiek</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiesafdelings_van_Namibi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiesafdelings van Namibië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kiesafdelings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grondwet_van_Namibi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grondwet van Namibië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Grondwet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verkiesings_in_Namibi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verkiesings in Namibië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Verkiesings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buitelandse_betrekkinge_van_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Buitelandse betrekkinge van Namibië">Buitelandse betrekkinge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_Verdedigingsmag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namibiese Verdedigingsmag (bladsy bestaan nie)">Weermag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlement_van_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Parlement van Namibië">Parlement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasionale_Raad_van_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Nasionale Raad van Namibië">Raad (hoërhuis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasionale_Vergadering_van_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Nasionale Vergadering van Namibië">Vergadering (laerhuis)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_politieke_partye_in_Namibi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van politieke partye in Namibië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Politieke partye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_van_Namibi%C3%AB" title="President van Namibië">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eerste_minister_van_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Eerste minister van Namibië">Eerste minister</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstitusionele_Hof_van_Namibi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstitusionele Hof van Namibië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Konstitusionele Hof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB,_Land_van_die_Dapper" class="mw-redirect" title="Namibië, Land van die Dapper">Volkslied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapen_van_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Wapen van Namibië">Wapen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ekonomie_van_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Ekonomie van Namibië">Ekonomie</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landbou_in_Namibi%C3%AB" title="Landbou in Namibië">Landbou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_maatskappye_van_Namibi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van maatskappye van Namibië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Maatskappye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grondhervorming_in_Namibi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grondhervorming in Namibië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Grondhervorming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mynbou_in_Namibi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mynbou in Namibië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mynbou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_staatsbeheerde_instellings_in_Namibi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van staatsbeheerde instellings in Namibië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Staatsbeheerde instellings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibiese_Effektebeurs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namibiese Effektebeurs (bladsy bestaan nie)">Effektebeurs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belasting_in_Namibi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belasting in Namibië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Belasting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telekommunikasie_in_Namibi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telekommunikasie in Namibië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Telekommunikasie</a></li> <li><a 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