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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-단백체학_창시" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#단백체학_창시"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>단백체학 창시</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-단백체학_창시-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-생어_센터" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#생어_센터"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>생어 센터</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-생어_센터-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-서훈" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#서훈"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>서훈</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-서훈-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-저서" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#저서"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>저서</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-저서-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_문헌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_문헌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>참고 문헌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_문헌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">프레더릭 생어</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 82개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="فردريك سانغر – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فردريك سانغر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="فردريك سانجر – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فردريك سانجر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_Senger" title="Frederik Senger – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frederik Senger" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1" title="فردریک سنقر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فردریک سنقر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фрэдэрык Сенгер – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэдэрык Сенгер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Фредерик Сангър – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фредерик Сангър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ফ্রেডরিক স্যাঙ্গার – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রেডরিক স্যাঙ্গার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Φρέντερικ Σάνγκερ – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρέντερικ Σάνγκερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="فردریک سنگر – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فردریک سنگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 스코틀랜드 게일어" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드 게일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B0" title="ફેડ્રિક સેંગર – 구자라트어" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફેડ્રિક સેંગર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="구자라트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 하카어" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="하카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8" title="פרדריק סנגר – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרדריק סנגר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="फ्रेड्रिक सैंगर – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रेड्रिक सैंगर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF_%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ֆրեդերիկ Սանգեր – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրեդերիկ Սանգեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%87%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC" title="フレデリック・サンガー – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレデリック・サンガー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფრედერიკ სენგერი – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრედერიკ სენგერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фредерик Сеңер – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фредерик Сеңер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridericus_Sanger" title="Fridericus Sanger – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fridericus Sanger" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederiks_Sengers" title="Frederiks Sengers – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Frederiks Sengers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BC" title="ഫ്രെഡറിക് സാങ്ങർ – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രെഡറിക് സാങ്ങർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="فردریک سنگر – 마잔데라니어" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فردریک سنگر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="마잔데라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 저지 독일어" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="저지 독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0" title="ਫਰੈਡਰਿਕ ਸੇਂਜਰ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਰੈਡਰਿਕ ਸੇਂਜਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="فریڈرک سینگر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فریڈرک سینگر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 케추아어" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="케추아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Сенгер, Фредерик – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сенгер, Фредерик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фредерик Сенгер – 루신어" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фредерик Сенгер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="루신어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фредерик Сангер – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фредерик Сангер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரடெரிக் சேங்கர் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரடெரிக் சேங்கர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="ఫ్రెడెరిక్ సాంజెర్ – 텔루구어" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్రెడెరిక్ సాంజెర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="텔루구어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เฟรเดอริก แซงเงอร์ – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฟรเดอริก แซงเงอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D3%99%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фредерик Сәңер – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фредерик Сәңер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Фредерік Сенгер – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фредерік Сенгер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="فریڈرک سنگر – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فریڈرک سنگر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC" title="弗雷德里克·桑格 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弗雷德里克·桑格" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფრედერიკ სენგერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრედერიკ სენგერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 요루바어" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="요루바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC" title="弗雷德里克·桑格 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗雷德里克·桑格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Frederick Sanger" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC" title="腓特烈桑格 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="腓特烈桑格" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q151564#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="언어 간 링크 편집" 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frederick_Sanger" hreflang="en"><span>위키미디어 공용</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q151564" title="데이터 저장소에 연결된 항목을 가리키는 링크 [g]" accesskey="g"><span>위키데이터 항목</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <div style="background:gainsboro; position:relative; width:300px; height:50px; display:table;"><div style="position:absolute; bottom:0px; right:0;"></div><span style="position:relative; width:100%; display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; padding:4px;"> <big><big><b>프레더릭 생어 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81" title="노벨상"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ko/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/30px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ko/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/45px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ko/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/60px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></b></big></big><small></small><br /><big>Frederick Sanger</big></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Frederick_Sanger2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="프레더릭 생어 (1973년)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frederick_Sanger2.jpg/250px-Frederick_Sanger2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frederick_Sanger2.jpg/375px-Frederick_Sanger2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frederick_Sanger2.jpg/500px-Frederick_Sanger2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="1196" /></a></span><br />프레더릭 생어 (1973년) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left">출생 </th> <td>1918년 8월 13일<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1918-08-13</span>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%89%EA%B8%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="잉글랜드">잉글랜드</a> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0%EC%85%94%EC%A3%BC" title="글로스터셔주">글로스터셔주</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A0%8C%EB%93%9C%EC%BD%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="렌드콤 (없는 문서)">렌드콤</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left">사망 </th> <td>2013년 11월 19일<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">2013-11-19</span>)</span> (95세)<br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD" title="영국">영국</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9E%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80%EC%85%94%EC%A3%BC" title="케임브리지셔주">케임브리지셔주</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9E%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80" title="케임브리지">케임브리지</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left">국적 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD" title="영국">영국</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left">출신 학교 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B8%ED%8A%B8%EC%A1%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80" class="mw-disambig" title="세인트존스 칼리지">세인트존스 칼리지</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left">주요 업적 </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EC%A7%88_1%EC%B0%A8_%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="단백질 1차 구조 (없는 문서)">단백질 1차 구조</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%90%EB%A6%B0" title="인슐린">인슐린</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4_%EC%97%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%84%9C%EC%97%B4_%EB%B6%84%EC%84%9D" title="생어 염기서열 분석">생어 염기서열 분석</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left">수상 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%95%EB%A6%BD%ED%95%99%ED%9A%8C_%ED%9A%8C%EC%9B%90" title="왕립학회 회원">FRS</a> (1954년)<br /><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%83%81" title="노벨 화학상">노벨 화학상</a> (1958년)<br /><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%97%B4_%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%AC" title="로열 메달">로열 메달</a> (1969년)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%80%EB%93%9C%EB%84%88_%EC%9E%AC%EB%8B%A8_%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EC%83%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="가드너 재단 국제상 (없는 문서)">가드너 재단 국제상</a> (1971년)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8_%ED%95%98%EB%94%94_%EC%83%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="윌리엄 베이트 하디 상 (없는 문서)">윌리엄 베이트 하디 상</a> (1976년) <br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%94%8C%EB%A6%AC_%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%AC" title="코플리 메달">코플리 메달</a> (1977년)<br /><a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%90_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4_%ED%98%B8%EB%A5%B4%EC%9C%84%EC%B8%A0%EC%83%81" title="루이자 그로스 호르위츠상">루이자 그로스 호르위츠상</a> (1979년)<br />노벨 화학상 (1980년) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left">분야 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="생화학">생화학</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left">소속 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9E%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="케임브리지 대학교">케임브리지 대학교</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C" title="분자생물학 연구소">분자생물학 연구소</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left">박사 지도교수 </th> <td>앨버트 노이버거<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left">박사 지도학생 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%9E%90%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%99%EB%B2%88" title="엘리자베스 블랙번">엘리자베스 블랙번</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%93%9C%EB%8B%88_%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B0" title="로드니 로버트 포터">로드니 로버트 포터</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>프레더릭 생어</b>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">Frederick Sanger</span>, <span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA for English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Merit" class="extiw" title="en:Order of Merit">OM</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" class="extiw" title="en:Order of the Companions of Honour">CH</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%98%81_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%ED%9B%88%EC%9E%A5" title="대영 제국 훈장">CBE</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%99%95%EB%A6%BD_%ED%95%99%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="왕립 학회">FRS</a>, <a href="/wiki/1918%EB%85%84" title="1918년">1918년</a> <a href="/wiki/8%EC%9B%94_13%EC%9D%BC" title="8월 13일">8월 13일</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/2013%EB%85%84" title="2013년">2013년</a> <a href="/wiki/11%EC%9B%94_19%EC%9D%BC" title="11월 19일">11월 19일</a>)는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4%ED%95%99" title="유전체학">유전체학</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EC%B2%B4%ED%95%99" title="단백체학">단백체학</a>을 최초로 연구한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD" title="영국">영국</a>의 생화학자이다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9E%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="케임브리지 대학교">케임브리지 대학교</a> <a href="/wiki/MRC_%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="MRC 센터">MRC 센터</a> 소속으로, 단백질 서열을 최초로 해석해 <a href="/wiki/1958%EB%85%84" title="1958년">1958년</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%83%81" title="노벨 화학상">노벨 화학상</a>을 받았다. </p><p>생어가 최초로 해석한 단백질이 51개의 아미노산으로 이루어진 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%90%EB%A6%B0" title="인슐린">인슐린</a>이다. 그 이후 1960-1970년대에 DNA의 염기 해석법을 개발하여 <a href="/wiki/1980%EB%85%84" title="1980년">1980년</a> 두 번째 노벨 화학상을 받았다. 동시에, 최초의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EB%86%88" class="mw-redirect" title="게놈">유전체</a>인 한 바이러스와 소의 미토콘드리아의 전체 염기를 밝혀냄으로써 유전체학을 창시하였다. 미국의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%80_%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EB%8D%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="로저 스타던 (없는 문서)">로저 스타던</a> (Roger Staden)을 통해 세계 최초의 서열정보분석프로그램 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EB%8D%98_%ED%8C%A8%ED%82%A4%EC%A7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="스타던 패키지 (없는 문서)">스타던 패키지</a> (Staden Package)를 만들도록 해, 실질적으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%ED%95%99" title="생물정보학">생물정보학</a>을 창시한 사람이기도 하다. 이때, 미국의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%88%EA%B1%B0%EB%A6%BF_%EC%98%A4%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%AC_%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%98%B8%ED%94%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="마거릿 오클리 데이호프 (없는 문서)">마거릿 오클리 데이호프</a> (Margaret Oakley Dayhoff)가 이론적인 서열분석을 수행하고 데이터베이스를 만들었지만, 실제는 영국 케임브리지의 MRC 센터의 그룹이 이미 이러한 데이터베이스를 구축하고 서열분석 또한 병행하고 있었다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="단백체학_창시"><span id=".EB.8B.A8.EB.B0.B1.EC.B2.B4.ED.95.99_.EC.B0.BD.EC.8B.9C"></span>단백체학 창시</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD_%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 단백체학 창시"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>최초로 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EB%86%88" class="mw-redirect" title="게놈">유전체</a>를 해석한 이후 생어가 궁금해했던 것은 자신이 해석한 모든 유전자들의 총합인 유전체가 실제로 세포 내에서 모두 단백질로 발현되는지였다. 그래서 생어는 옥스포드대 출신의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_E._%EC%9B%8C%EC%BB%A4" title="존 E. 워커">존 E. 워커</a>를 채용하여, 세포를 깨고 단백질을 여러 가지 방법으로 동정하는 작업을 시작했다. 이것이 최초의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EC%B2%B4%ED%95%99" title="단백체학">단백체학</a>이다. </p><p>이후, 존 E. 워커는 세포내에서 가장 중요한 미토콘드리아 단백질들을 많이 밝혀내고 1997년에 <a href="/w/index.php?title=F1_ATPase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F1 ATPase (없는 문서)">F1 ATPase</a> 구조 해석으로 노벨상을 받는다. 생어가 알고자 했던 모든 단백질들의 발현인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EC%B2%B4" title="단백체">단백체</a>는 아직도 정확히 밝혀지지 않았다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="생어_센터"><span id=".EC.83.9D.EC.96.B4_.EC.84.BC.ED.84.B0"></span>생어 센터</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD_%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 생어 센터"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>현재 그의 이름을 따서, MRC 센터에서 파생된 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%B0%EC%BB%B4_%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C" title="웰컴 트러스트 생어 연구소">생어 센터</a>가 케임브리지에 세워져 있다. 생어센터는 <a href="/wiki/EBI" title="EBI">유럽생정보학연구소</a> (EBI)와 같은 캠퍼스에 위치한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="서훈"><span id=".EC.84.9C.ED.9B.88"></span>서훈</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD_%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 서훈"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1963년 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%98%81_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%ED%9B%88%EC%9E%A5" title="대영 제국 훈장">대영 제국 훈장 3등급</a> (CBE)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1981년 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" class="extiw" title="en:Order of the Companions of Honour">컴패니언 오브 아너</a> (Order of the Companions of Honour, CH)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1986년 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Merit" class="extiw" title="en:Order of Merit">오더 오브 메리트</a> (Order of Merit, OM)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="저서"><span id=".EC.A0.80.EC.84.9C"></span>저서</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD_%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 저서"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480451">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFNeubergerSanger1942" class="citation">Neuberger, A.; Sanger, F. (1942), “The nitrogen of the potato”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>36</b> (7–9): 662–671, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1266851">1266851</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16747571">16747571</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+nitrogen+of+the+potato&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=7%E2%80%939&rft.pages=662-671&rft.date=1942&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1266851&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16747571&rft.aulast=Neuberger&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNeubergerSanger1944" class="citation">Neuberger, A.; Sanger, F. (1944), “The metabolism of lysine”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>38</b> (1): 119–125, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1258037">1258037</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16747737">16747737</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+metabolism+of+lysine&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=119-125&rft.date=1944&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1258037&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16747737&rft.aulast=Neuberger&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Sanger, F. (1945), “The free amino groups of insulin”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>39</b> (5): 507–515, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj0390507">10.1042/bj0390507</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1258275">1258275</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16747948">16747948</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+free+amino+groups+of+insulin&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=507-515&rft.date=1945&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1258275&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16747948&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1042%2Fbj0390507&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Sanger, F. (1947), “Oxidation of insulin by performic acid”, 《Nature》 <b>160</b> (4061): 295–296, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1947Natur.160..295S">1947Natur.160..295S</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F160295b0">10.1038/160295b0</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20344639">20344639</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Oxidation+of+insulin+by+performic+acid&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=4061&rft.pages=295-296&rft.date=1947&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20344639&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F160295b0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1947Natur.160..295S&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Porter, R.R.; Sanger, F. (1948), “The free amino groups of haemoglobins”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>42</b> (2): 287–294, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1258669">1258669</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16748281">16748281</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+free+amino+groups+of+haemoglobins&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=287-294&rft.date=1948&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1258669&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16748281&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=R.R.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Sanger, F. (1949a), “Fractionation of oxidized insulin”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>44</b> (1): 126–128, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1274818">1274818</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16748471">16748471</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=Fractionation+of+oxidized+insulin&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=126-128&rft.date=1949&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1274818&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16748471&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Sanger, F. (1949b), “The terminal peptides of insulin”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>45</b> (5): 563–574, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1275055">1275055</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15396627">15396627</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+terminal+peptides+of+insulin&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=563-574&rft.date=1949&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1275055&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15396627&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerTuppy1951a" class="citation">Sanger, F.; Tuppy, H. (1951a), “The amino-acid sequence in the phenylalanyl chain of insulin. 1. The identification of lower peptides from partial hydrolysates”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>49</b> (4): 463–481, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj0490463">10.1042/bj0490463</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1197535">1197535</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14886310">14886310</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+amino-acid+sequence+in+the+phenylalanyl+chain+of+insulin.+1.+The+identification+of+lower+peptides+from+partial+hydrolysates&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=463-481&rft.date=1951&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1197535&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14886310&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1042%2Fbj0490463&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Tuppy%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerTuppy1951b" class="citation">Sanger, F.; Tuppy, H. (1951b), “The amino-acid sequence in the phenylalanyl chain of insulin. 2. The investigation of peptides from enzymic hydrolysates”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>49</b> (4): 481–490, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj0490481">10.1042/bj0490481</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1197536">1197536</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14886311">14886311</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+amino-acid+sequence+in+the+phenylalanyl+chain+of+insulin.+2.+The+investigation+of+peptides+from+enzymic+hydrolysates&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=481-490&rft.date=1951&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1197536&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14886311&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1042%2Fbj0490481&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Tuppy%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerThompson1953a" class="citation">Sanger, F.; Thompson, E.O.P. (1953a), “The amino-acid sequence in the glycyl chain of insulin. 1. The identification of lower peptides from partial hydrolysates”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>53</b> (3): 353–366, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj0530353">10.1042/bj0530353</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1198157">1198157</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13032078">13032078</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+amino-acid+sequence+in+the+glycyl+chain+of+insulin.+1.+The+identification+of+lower+peptides+from+partial+hydrolysates&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=353-366&rft.date=1953&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1198157&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13032078&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1042%2Fbj0530353&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+E.O.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerThompson1953b" class="citation">Sanger, F.; Thompson, E.O.P. (1953b), “The amino-acid sequence in the glycyl chain of insulin. 2. The investigation of peptides from enzymic hydrolysates”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>53</b> (3): 366–374, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj0530366">10.1042/bj0530366</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1198158">1198158</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13032079">13032079</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+amino-acid+sequence+in+the+glycyl+chain+of+insulin.+2.+The+investigation+of+peptides+from+enzymic+hydrolysates&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=366-374&rft.date=1953&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1198158&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13032079&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1042%2Fbj0530366&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+E.O.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Sanger, F.; Thompson, E.O.P.; Kitai, R. (1955), “The amide groups of insulin”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>59</b> (3): 509–518, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1216278">1216278</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14363129">14363129</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+amide+groups+of+insulin&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=509-518&rft.date=1955&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1216278&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14363129&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+E.O.P.&rft.au=Kitai%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRyleSangerSmithKitai1955" class="citation">Ryle, A.P.; Sanger, F.; Smith, L.F.; Kitai, R. (1955), “The disulphide bonds of insulin”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>60</b> (4): 541–556, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1216151">1216151</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13249947">13249947</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+disulphide+bonds+of+insulin&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=541-556&rft.date=1955&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1216151&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13249947&rft.aulast=Ryle&rft.aufirst=A.P.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Smith%2C+L.F.&rft.au=Kitai%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Brown, H.; Sanger, F.; Kitai, R. (1955), “The structure of pig and sheep insulins”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>60</b> (4): 556–565, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1216152">1216152</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13249948">13249948</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+structure+of+pig+and+sheep+insulins&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=556-565&rft.date=1955&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1216152&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13249948&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Kitai%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSanger1959" class="citation">Sanger, F. (1959), “Chemistry of Insulin: determination of the structure of insulin opens the way to greater understanding of life processes”, 《Science》 <b>129</b> (3359): 1340–1344, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1959Sci...129.1340G">1959Sci...129.1340G</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.129.3359.1340">10.1126/science.129.3359.1340</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13658959">13658959</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Chemistry+of+Insulin%3A+determination+of+the+structure+of+insulin+opens+the+way+to+greater+understanding+of+life+processes&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=3359&rft.pages=1340-1344&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13658959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.129.3359.1340&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1959Sci...129.1340G&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Milstein, C.; Sanger, F. (1961), “An amino acid sequence in the active centre of phosphoglucomutase”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>79</b> (3): 456–469, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1205670">1205670</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13771000">13771000</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=An+amino+acid+sequence+in+the+active+centre+of+phosphoglucomutase&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=456-469&rft.date=1961&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1205670&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13771000&rft.aulast=Milstein&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMarckerSanger1964" class="citation">Marcker, K.; Sanger, F. (1964), “<i>N</i>-formyl-methionyl-S-RNA”, 《Journal of Molecular Biology》 <b>8</b> (6): 835–840, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2864%2980164-9">10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80164-9</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14187409">14187409</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=N-formyl-methionyl-S-RNA&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=835-840&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2864%2980164-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14187409&rft.aulast=Marcker&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Sanger, F.; Brownlee, G.G.; Barrell, B.G. (1965), “A two-dimensional fractionation procedure for radioactive nucleotides”, 《Journal of Molecular Biology》 <b>13</b> (2): 373–398, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2865%2980104-8">10.1016/S0022-2836(65)80104-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5325727">5325727</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=A+two-dimensional+fractionation+procedure+for+radioactive+nucleotides&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=373-398&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2865%2980104-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5325727&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Brownlee%2C+G.G.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrownleeSangerBarrell1967" class="citation">Brownlee, G.G.; Sanger, F.; Barrell, B.G. (1967), “Nucleotide sequence of 5S-ribosomal RNA from <i>Escherichia coli</i>”, 《Nature》 <b>215</b> (5102): 735–736, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967Natur.215..735B">1967Natur.215..735B</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F215735a0">10.1038/215735a0</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4862513">4862513</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+of+5S-ribosomal+RNA+from+Escherichia+coli&rft.volume=215&rft.issue=5102&rft.pages=735-736&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4862513&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F215735a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1967Natur.215..735B&rft.aulast=Brownlee&rft.aufirst=G.G.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Brownlee, G.G.; Sanger, F. (1967), “Nucleotide sequences from the low molecular weight ribosomal RNA of <i>Escherichia coli</i>”, 《Journal of Molecular Biology》 <b>23</b> (3): 337–353, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2867%2980109-8">10.1016/S0022-2836(67)80109-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4291728">4291728</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequences+from+the+low+molecular+weight+ribosomal+RNA+of+Escherichia+coli&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=337-353&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2867%2980109-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4291728&rft.aulast=Brownlee&rft.aufirst=G.G.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBrownleeSangerBarrell1968" class="citation">Brownlee, G.G.; Sanger, F.; Barrell, B.G. (1968), “The sequence of 5S ribosomal ribonucleic acid”, 《Journal of Molecular Biology》 <b>34</b> (3): 379–412, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-2836%2868%2990168-X">10.1016/0022-2836(68)90168-X</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4938553">4938553</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=The+sequence+of+5S+ribosomal+ribonucleic+acid&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=379-412&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-2836%2868%2990168-X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4938553&rft.aulast=Brownlee&rft.aufirst=G.G.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Adams, J.M.; Jeppesen, P.G.; Sanger, F.; Barrell, B.G. (1969), “Nucleotide sequence from the coat protein cistron of R17 bacteriophage RNA”, 《Nature》 <b>223</b> (5210): 1009–1014, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969Natur.223.1009A">1969Natur.223.1009A</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F2231009a0">10.1038/2231009a0</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5811898">5811898</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+from+the+coat+protein+cistron+of+R17+bacteriophage+RNA&rft.volume=223&rft.issue=5210&rft.pages=1009-1014&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5811898&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F2231009a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969Natur.223.1009A&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=J.M.&rft.au=Jeppesen%2C+P.G.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Barrell, B.G.; Sanger, F. (1969), “The sequence of phenylalanine tRNA from <i>E. coli</i>”, 《FEBS Letters》 <b>3</b> (4): 275–278, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0014-5793%2869%2980157-2">10.1016/0014-5793(69)80157-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11947028">11947028</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=The+sequence+of+phenylalanine+tRNA+from+E.+coli&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=275-278&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0014-5793%2869%2980157-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11947028&rft.aulast=Barrell&rft.aufirst=B.G.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Jeppesen, P.G.; Barrell, B.G.; Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R. (1972), “Nucleotide sequences of two fragments from the coat-protein cistron of bacteriophage R17 ribonucleic acid”, 《Biochemical Journal》 <b>128</b> (5): 993–1006, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj1280993h">10.1042/bj1280993h</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1173988">1173988</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4566195">4566195</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequences+of+two+fragments+from+the+coat-protein+cistron+of+bacteriophage+R17+ribonucleic+acid&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=993-1006&rft.date=1972&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1173988&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4566195&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1042%2Fbj1280993h&rft.aulast=Jeppesen&rft.aufirst=P.G.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerDonelsonCoulsonKössel1973" class="citation">Sanger, F.; Donelson, J.E.; Coulson, A.R.; Kössel, H.; Fischer, D. (1973), “Use of DNA Polymerase I Primed by a Synthetic Oligonucleotide to Determine a Nucleotide Sequence in Phage f1 DNA”, 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA》 <b>70</b> (4): 1209–1213, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973PNAS...70.1209S">1973PNAS...70.1209S</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.70.4.1209">10.1073/pnas.70.4.1209</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC433459">433459</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4577794">4577794</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+USA&rft.atitle=Use+of+DNA+Polymerase+I+Primed+by+a+Synthetic+Oligonucleotide+to+Determine+a+Nucleotide+Sequence+in+Phage+f1+DNA&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1209-1213&rft.date=1973&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC433459&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4577794&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.70.4.1209&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1973PNAS...70.1209S&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Donelson%2C+J.E.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rft.au=K%C3%B6ssel%2C+H.&rft.au=Fischer%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerCoulson1975" class="citation">Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R. (1975), “A rapid method for determining sequences in DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase”, 《Journal of Molecular Biology》 <b>94</b> (3): 441–448, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-2836%2875%2990213-2">10.1016/0022-2836(75)90213-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1100841">1100841</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=A+rapid+method+for+determining+sequences+in+DNA+by+primed+synthesis+with+DNA+polymerase&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=441-448&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-2836%2875%2990213-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1100841&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerNicklenCoulson1977" class="citation">Sanger, F.; Nicklen, S.; Coulson, A.R. (1977), “DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors”, 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA》 <b>74</b> (12): 5463–5467, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977PNAS...74.5463S">1977PNAS...74.5463S</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.74.12.5463">10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC431765">431765</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/271968">271968</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+USA&rft.atitle=DNA+sequencing+with+chain-terminating+inhibitors&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=5463-5467&rft.date=1977&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC431765&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F271968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.74.12.5463&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1977PNAS...74.5463S&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Nicklen%2C+S.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>. According to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99_%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="미국 과학 정보 연구소 (없는 문서)">Institute for Scientific Information</a> (ISI) database, by October 2010 this paper had been cited over 64,000 times.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerAirBarrellBrown1977" class="citation">Sanger, F.; Air, G.M.; Barrell, B.G.; Brown, N.L.; Coulson, A.R.; Fiddes, C.A.; Hutchinson, C.A.; Slocombe, P.M.; Smith, M. (1977), “Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage φX174 DNA”, 《Nature》 <b>265</b> (5596): 687–695, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977Natur.265..687S">1977Natur.265..687S</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F265687a0">10.1038/265687a0</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/870828">870828</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+of+bacteriophage+%CF%86X174+DNA&rft.volume=265&rft.issue=5596&rft.pages=687-695&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F870828&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F265687a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1977Natur.265..687S&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Air%2C+G.M.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rft.au=Brown%2C+N.L.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rft.au=Fiddes%2C+C.A.&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+C.A.&rft.au=Slocombe%2C+P.M.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R. (1978), “The use of thin acrylamide gels for DNA sequencing”, 《FEBS Letters》 <b>87</b> (1): 107–110, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0014-5793%2878%2980145-8">10.1016/0014-5793(78)80145-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/631324">631324</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=The+use+of+thin+acrylamide+gels+for+DNA+sequencing&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=107-110&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0014-5793%2878%2980145-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F631324&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R.; Barrell, B.G.; Smith, A.J.; Roe, B.A. (1980), “Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid DNA sequencing”, 《Journal of Molecular Biology》 <b>143</b> (2): 161–178, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-2836%2880%2990196-5">10.1016/0022-2836(80)90196-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6260957">6260957</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Cloning+in+single-stranded+bacteriophage+as+an+aid+to+rapid+DNA+sequencing&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=161-178&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-2836%2880%2990196-5&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6260957&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rft.au=Smith%2C+A.J.&rft.au=Roe%2C+B.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAndersonBankierBarrellDe_Bruijn1981" class="citation">Anderson, S.; Bankier, A.T.; Barrell, B.G.; De Bruijn, M.H.; Coulson, A.R.; Drouin, J.; Eperon, I.C.; Nierlich, D.P.; Roe, B.A.; Sanger, F.; Schreier, P.H.; Smith, A.J.; Staden, R.; Young, I.G. (1981), “Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome”, 《Nature》 <b>290</b> (5806): 457–465, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981Natur.290..457A">1981Natur.290..457A</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F290457a0">10.1038/290457a0</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7219534">7219534</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Sequence+and+organization+of+the+human+mitochondrial+genome&rft.volume=290&rft.issue=5806&rft.pages=457-465&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7219534&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F290457a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1981Natur.290..457A&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Bankier%2C+A.T.&rft.au=Barrell%2C+B.G.&rft.au=De+Bruijn%2C+M.H.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rft.au=Drouin%2C+J.&rft.au=Eperon%2C+I.C.&rft.au=Nierlich%2C+D.P.&rft.au=Roe%2C+B.A.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Schreier%2C+P.H.&rft.au=Smith%2C+A.J.&rft.au=Staden%2C+R.&rft.au=Young%2C+I.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Anderson, S.; De Bruijn, M.H.; Coulson, A.R.; Eperon, I.C.; Sanger, F.; Young, I.G. (1982), “Complete sequence of bovine mitochondrial DNA. Conserved features of the mammalian mitochondrial genome”, 《Journal of Molecular Biology》 <b>156</b> (4): 683–717, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-2836%2882%2990137-1">10.1016/0022-2836(82)90137-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7120390">7120390</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Complete+sequence+of+bovine+mitochondrial+DNA.+Conserved+features+of+the+mammalian+mitochondrial+genome&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=683-717&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-2836%2882%2990137-1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7120390&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=De+Bruijn%2C+M.H.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rft.au=Eperon%2C+I.C.&rft.au=Sanger%2C+F.&rft.au=Young%2C+I.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSangerCoulsonHongHill1982" class="citation">Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R.; Hong, G.F.; Hill, D.F.; Petersen, G.B. (1982), “Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage λ DNA”, 《Journal of Molecular Biology》 <b>162</b> (4): 729–773, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-2836%2882%2990546-0">10.1016/0022-2836(82)90546-0</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6221115">6221115</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+of+bacteriophage+%CE%BB+DNA&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=729-773&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0022-2836%2882%2990546-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6221115&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A.R.&rft.au=Hong%2C+G.F.&rft.au=Hill%2C+D.F.&rft.au=Petersen%2C+G.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Sanger, F. (1988), “Sequences, sequences, and sequences”, 《Annual Review of Biochemistry》 <b>57</b>: 1–28, <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.bi.57.070188.000245">10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.000245</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2460023">2460023</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Sequences%2C+sequences%2C+and+sequences&rft.volume=57&rft.pages=1-28&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.bi.57.070188.000245&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2460023&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD_%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">“Seven days: 22–28 November 2013”. 《Nature》 <b>503</b> (7477): 442–443. 2013. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Natur.503..442.">2013Natur.503..442.</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F503442a">10.1038/503442a</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Seven+days%3A+22%E2%80%9328+November+2013&rft.volume=503&rft.issue=7477&rft.pages=442-443&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F503442a&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013Natur.503..442.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Allen, A.K.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Muir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen Muir (없는 문서)">Muir, H.M.</a> (2001). “Albert Neuberger. 15 April 1908 – 14 August 1996”. 《Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society》 <b>47</b>: 369–382. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2001.0021">10.1098/rsbm.2001.0021</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/770373">770373</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15124648">15124648</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Albert+Neuberger.+15+April+1908+%E2%80%93+14+August+1996&rft.volume=47&rft.pages=369-382&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15124648&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F770373&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.2001.0021&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=A.K.&rft.au=Muir%2C+H.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/43010/supplement/4803">“Supplement to The London Gazette: 1963 Birthday Honours”</a>. 《The Gazette》 (영어) (런던) (43010): 4803. 1963년 5월 31일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2016년 10월 8일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Supplement+to+The+London+Gazette%3A+1963+Birthday+Honours&rft.issue=43010&rft.pages=4803&rft.date=1963-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F43010%2Fsupplement%2F4803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/48639/supplement/20">“Supplement to The London Gazette: 1981 Birthday Honours”</a>. 《The Gazette》 (영어) (런던) (48639): 20. 1981년 6월 12일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2016년 10월 8일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Supplement+to+The+London+Gazette%3A+1981+Birthday+Honours&rft.issue=48639&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1981-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F48639%2Fsupplement%2F20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/50431/page/2173">“Honours and Awards”</a>. 《The Gazette》 (영어) (런던) (50431): 2173. 1986년 2월 14일<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2016년 10월 8일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=Honours+and+Awards&rft.issue=50431&rft.pages=2173&rft.date=1986-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F50431%2Fpage%2F2173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_문헌"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EB.AC.B8.ED.97.8C"></span>참고 문헌</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD_%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 참고 문헌"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Brownlee, George G. (2014). 《Fred Sanger, double Nobel laureate: a biography》. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-107-08334-9" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-107-08334-9"><bdi>978-1-107-08334-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fred+Sanger%2C+double+Nobel+laureate%3A+a+biography&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-107-08334-9&rft.aulast=Brownlee&rft.aufirst=George+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Chapters 4-6 contain the 1992 interview that the author conducted with Sanger.</li> <li><cite class="citation">Finch, John (2008), 《A Nobel Fellow on every floor: a history of the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology》, Cambridge: Medical Research Council, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-84046-940-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-84046-940-0"><bdi>978-1-84046-940-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Nobel+Fellow+on+every+floor%3A+a+history+of+the+Medical+Research+Council+Laboratory+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Medical+Research+Council&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84046-940-0&rft.aulast=Finch&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite class="citation journal">García-Sancho, Miguel (2010). “A new insight into Sanger's development of sequencing: from proteins to DNA, 1943–1977”. 《Journal of the History of Biology》 <b>43</b>: 265–323. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10739-009-9184-1">10.1007/s10739-009-9184-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Biology&rft.atitle=A+new+insight+into+Sanger%27s+development+of+sequencing%3A+from+proteins+to+DNA%2C+1943%E2%80%931977&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=265-323&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10739-009-9184-1&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa-Sancho&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation">Sanger, F.; Dowding, M. (1996), 《Selected Papers of Frederick Sanger: with commentaries》, Singapore: World Scientific, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/981-02-2430-3" title="특수:책찾기/981-02-2430-3"><bdi>981-02-2430-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Papers+of+Frederick+Sanger%3A+with+commentaries&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=981-02-2430-3&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Dowding%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD+%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD_%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> 위키미디어 공용에 <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frederick_Sanger?uselang=ko">프레더릭 생어</a></span> 관련 미디어 분류가 있습니다. </p> <ul><li><b><span style="font-size: smaller;" title="언어: 영어">(영어)</span></b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanger.ac.uk/">The Sanger Institute</a></li> <li><b><span style="font-size: smaller;" title="언어: 영어">(영어)</span></b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1958/sanger-bio.html">The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958 - Frederick Sanger</a> - 노벨 재단</li> <li><b><span style="font-size: smaller;" title="언어: 영어">(영어)</span></b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1980/sanger-bio.html">The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 - Frederick Sanger</a> - 노벨 재단</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90" title="틀:노벨 화학상 수상자">화학상</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901-1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EC%BD%94%EB%B7%94%EC%8A%A4_%ED%97%A8%EB%A6%AC%ED%80%B4%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8C%90%ED%8A%B8_%ED%98%B8%ED%94%84" class="mw-redirect" title="야코뷔스 헨리퀴스 판트 호프">판트 호프</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C_%EC%97%90%EB%B0%80_%ED%94%BC%EC%85%94" title="헤르만 에밀 피셔">H. E. 피셔</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%B0%98%ED%85%8C_%EC%95%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%88%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="스반테 아레니우스">아레니우스</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EB%9E%A8%EC%A7%80" title="윌리엄 램지">램지</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%ED%8F%B0_%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4" title="아돌프 폰 바이어">폰 바이어</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%99%EB%A6%AC_%EB%AC%B4%EC%95%84%EC%83%81" title="앙리 무아상">무아상</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%91%90%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B6%80%ED%9D%90%EB%84%88" title="에두아르트 부흐너">부흐너</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%9F%AC%EB%8D%94%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C" title="어니스트 러더퍼드">러더퍼드</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84_%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%B0%9C%ED%8A%B8" title="빌헬름 오스트발트">오스트발트</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%86%A0_%EB%B0%9C%EB%9D%BC%ED%9D%90" title="오토 발라흐">발라흐</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC_%ED%80%B4%EB%A6%AC" title="마리 퀴리">퀴리</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%85%ED%86%A0%EB%A5%B4_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EB%83%90%EB%A5%B4" title="빅토르 그리냐르">그리냐르</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4_%EC%82%AC%EB%B0%94%ED%8B%B0%EC%97%90" title="폴 사바티에">사바티에</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%88" title="알프레트 베르너">베르너</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%96%B4%EB%8F%84%EC%96%B4_%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EC%A6%88" title="시어도어 리처즈">리처즈</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B9%8C%EC%8A%88%ED%85%8C%ED%84%B0" title="리하르트 빌슈테터">빌슈테터</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B8%A0_%ED%95%98%EB%B2%84" title="프리츠 하버">하버</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%ED%84%B0_%EB%84%A4%EB%A5%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="발터 네른스트">네른스트</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD_%EC%86%8C%EB%94%94" title="프레더릭 소디">소디</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%9C%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EC%95%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4" title="프랜시스 윌리엄 애스턴">애스턴</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B8%A0_%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EA%B8%80" title="프리츠 프레글">프레글</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%95%84%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%EC%A7%80%EA%B7%B8%EB%AA%AC%EB%94%94" title="리하르트 아돌프 지그몬디">지그몬디</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926-1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1926: <a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EC%98%A4%EB%8F%84%EB%A5%B4_%EC%8A%A4%EB%B2%A0%EB%93%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="테오도르 스베드베리">스베드베리</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_%EC%98%A4%ED%86%A0_%EB%B9%8C%EB%9E%80%ED%8A%B8" title="하인리히 오토 빌란트">빌란트</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%EC%98%A4%ED%86%A0_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8%ED%99%80%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B9%88%EB%8B%A4%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="아돌프 오토 라인홀트 빈다우스">빈다우스</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%84%9C_%ED%95%98%EB%93%A0" title="아서 하든">하든</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8F%B0_%EC%98%A4%EC%9D%BC%EB%9F%AC%EC%BC%88%ED%95%80" title="한스 폰 오일러켈핀">폰 오일러켈핀</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%8A%A4_%ED%94%BC%EC%85%94" title="한스 피셔">H. 피셔</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC_%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%88" title="카를 보슈">보슈</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="프리드리히 베르기우스">베르기우스</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%B9%99_%EB%9E%AD%EB%AE%A4%EC%96%B4" title="어빙 랭뮤어">랭뮤어</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%9F%B4%EB%93%9C_%EC%9C%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="해럴드 유리">유리</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%B0%EB%A6%AC%ED%81%AC_%EC%A1%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4%ED%80%B4%EB%A6%AC" title="프레데리크 졸리오퀴리">F. 졸리오퀴리</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%A0%8C_%EC%A1%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4%ED%80%B4%EB%A6%AC" title="이렌 졸리오퀴리">I. 졸리오퀴리</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%84%B0_%EB%94%94%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4" title="피터 디바이">디바이</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A8%BC_%ED%95%98%EC%9B%8C%EC%8A%A4" title="노먼 하워스">하워스</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9A%B8_%EC%B9%B4%EB%9F%AC" title="파울 카러">카러</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%BF%A4" title="리하르트 쿤">쿤</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%EB%B6%80%ED%85%8C%EB%82%9C%ED%8A%B8" title="아돌프 부테난트">부테난트</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%ED%8F%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A3%A8%EC%A7%80%EC%B9%98%EC%B9%B4" title="레오폴트 루지치카">루지치카</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC_%ED%8F%B0_%ED%97%A4%EB%B2%A0%EC%8B%9C" title="게오르크 카를 폰 헤베시">헤베시</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%86%A0_%ED%95%9C" title="오토 한">한</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%ED%88%AC%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9D%BC%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC_%EB%B9%84%EB%A5%B4%ED%83%80%EB%84%A8" title="아르투리 일마리 비르타넨">비르타넨</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_B._%EC%84%AC%EB%84%88" title="제임스 B. 섬너">섬너</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%ED%95%98%EC%9B%8C%EB%93%9C_%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4%EB%9F%BD" title="존 하워드 노스럽">노스럽</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%AC%EB%93%A4_%EB%A9%94%EB%9F%AC%EB%94%94%EC%8A%A4_%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="웬들 메러디스 스탠리">스탠리</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A1%9C%EB%B9%88%EC%8A%A8" title="로버트 로빈슨">로빈슨</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%A4_%ED%8B%B0%EC%85%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="아르네 티셀리우스">티셀리우스</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EC%A7%80%EC%98%A4%ED%81%AC" title="윌리엄 지오크">지오크</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%86%A0_%EB%94%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="오토 딜스">딜스</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%95%8C%EB%8D%94" title="쿠르트 알더">알더</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951-1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1951: <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EC%9C%88_%EB%A7%A5%EB%B0%80%EB%9F%B0" title="에드윈 맥밀런">맥밀런</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A0%8C_T._%EC%8B%9C%EB%B3%B4%EA%B7%B8" title="글렌 T. 시보그">시보그</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%B2%98_%EB%A7%88%ED%8B%B4" title="아처 마틴">마틴</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%EC%8B%B1" title="리처드 싱">싱</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C_%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%EB%94%A9%EA%B1%B0" title="헤르만 슈타우딩거">슈타우딩거</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%84%88%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8F%B4%EB%A7%81" title="라이너스 폴링">폴링</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%88%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8_%EB%92%A4%EB%B9%84%EB%87%A8" title="빈센트 뒤비뇨">뒤비뇨</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%B4_%EB%85%B8%EB%A8%BC_%ED%9E%8C%EC%85%9C%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C" title="시릴 노먼 힌셜우드">힌셜우드</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4_%EC%84%B8%EB%AC%98%EB%85%B8%ED%94%84" title="니콜라이 세묘노프">세묘노프</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%8D%94_R._%ED%86%A0%EB%93%9C" title="알렉산더 R. 토드">토드</a></li> <li>1958: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">생어</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%ED%94%84_%ED%97%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4" title="야로슬라프 헤이로프스키">헤이로프스키</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%9F%AC%EB%93%9C_%EB%A6%AC%EB%B9%84" title="윌러드 리비">리비</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%9C%EB%B9%88_%EC%BA%98%EB%B9%88" title="멜빈 캘빈">캘빈</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%A5%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8D%BC%EB%A3%A8%EC%B8%A0" title="맥스 퍼루츠">퍼루츠</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%BC%84%EB%93%9C%EB%A3%A8" title="존 켄드루">켄드루</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC_%EC%B9%98%EA%B8%80%EB%9F%AC" title="카를 치글러">치글러</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4_%EB%82%98%ED%83%80" title="줄리오 나타">나타</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C_%ED%98%B8%EC%A7%80%ED%82%A8" title="도러시 호지킨">호지킨</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B2%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C%EC%9B%8C%EB%93%9C" title="로버트 번스 우드워드">우드워드</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A9%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%BB%A8" title="로버트 멀리컨">멀리컨</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%ED%8A%B8_%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EA%B2%90" title="만프레트 아이겐">아이겐</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%84%90%EB%93%9C_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EB%85%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8B%9C" title="로널드 조지 레이퍼드 노리시">노리시</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B0" title="조지 포터">포터</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%A5%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%98%A8%EC%82%AC%EA%B2%8C%EB%A5%B4" title="라르스 온사게르">온사게르</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EB%A6%AD_%EB%B0%94%ED%84%B4" title="디릭 바턴">바턴</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%93%9C_%ED%95%98%EC%85%80" title="오드 하셀">하셀</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8E%98%EB%8D%B0%EB%A6%AC%EC%BD%94_%EB%A5%BC%EB%A3%A8%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4" title="루이스 페데리코 를루아르">를루아르</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EB%A5%B4%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%B8%A0%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="게르하르트 헤르츠베르크">헤르츠베르크</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%B2%9C_B._%EC%95%A4%ED%95%80%EC%84%A0" title="크리스천 B. 앤핀선">앤핀선</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EB%AC%B4%EC%96%B4" title="스탠퍼드 무어">무어</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%ED%95%98%EC%9B%8C%EB%93%9C_%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8" title="윌리엄 하워드 스타인">스타인</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%98%A4%ED%86%A0_%ED%94%BC%EC%85%94" title="에른스트 오토 피셔">E. O. 피셔</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9C%8C%ED%82%A8%EC%8A%A8" title="제프리 윌킨슨">윌킨슨</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4_%ED%94%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A6%AC" title="폴 플로리">플로리</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%BD%98%ED%8F%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="존 콘포스">콘포스</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%94%94%EB%AF%B8%EB%A5%B4_%ED%94%84%EB%A0%90%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8" title="블라디미르 프렐로그">프렐로그</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976-2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1976: <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EB%A6%BD%EC%8A%A4%EC%BB%B4" title="윌리엄 립스컴">립스컴</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%BC_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EA%B3%A0%EC%A7%84" title="일리야 프리고진">프리고진</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%84%B0_D._%EB%AF%B8%EC%B2%BC" title="피터 D. 미첼">미첼</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_C._%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B4" title="허버트 C. 브라운">브라운</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC_%EB%B9%84%ED%8B%B0%ED%9E%88" title="게오르크 비티히">비티히</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4_%EB%B2%84%EA%B7%B8" title="폴 버그">버그</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%94%ED%84%B0_%EA%B8%B8%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8" title="월터 길버트">길버트</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">생어</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%BF%A0%EC%9D%B4_%EA%B2%90%EC%9D%B4%EC%B9%98" title="후쿠이 겐이치">후쿠이</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%95%8C%EB%93%9C_%ED%98%B8%ED%94%84%EB%A7%8C" title="로알드 호프만">호프만</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%9F%B0_%ED%81%B4%EB%A3%A8%EA%B7%B8" title="에런 클루그">클루그</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A8%EB%A6%AC_%ED%86%A0%EB%B8%8C" title="헨리 토브">토브</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%84%EB%93%9C" title="로버트 브루스 메리필드">메리필드</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_A._%ED%95%98%EC%9A%B0%ED%94%84%ED%8A%B8%EB%A8%BC" title="허버트 A. 하우프트먼">하우프트먼</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%A1%AC_%EC%B9%BC" title="제롬 칼">칼</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%94%EB%93%A4%EB%A6%AC_%ED%97%88%EC%8A%88%EB%B0%94%ED%81%AC" title="더들리 허슈바크">허슈바크</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%9C%84%EC%95%88%EC%A0%80" title="리위안저">리위안저</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%ED%8F%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%8B%88" title="존 폴라니">폴라니</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%84%90%EB%93%9C_J._%ED%81%AC%EB%9E%A8" title="도널드 J. 크램">크램</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC_%EB%A0%8C" title="장마리 렌">렌</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%B0%EC%8A%A4_J._%ED%94%BC%EB%8D%94%EC%8A%A8" title="찰스 J. 피더슨">피더슨</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%9C_%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%A0%ED%98%B8%ED%8D%BC" title="요한 다이젠호퍼">다이젠호퍼</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%ED%9B%84%EB%B2%84" title="로베르트 후버">후버</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%AC%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%AF%B8%ED%97%AC" title="하르트무트 미헬">미헬</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%93%9C%EB%8B%88_%EC%98%AC%ED%8A%B8%EB%A8%BC" title="시드니 올트먼">올트먼</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B2%B4%ED%81%AC" title="토머스 체크">체크</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%EC%BD%94%EB%A6%AC" title="일라이어스 제임스 코리">코리</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_R._%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="리하르트 R. 에른스트">에른스트</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%EB%A7%88%EC%BB%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="루돌프 마커스">마커스</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%A6%AC_%EB%A9%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="캐리 멀리스">멀리스</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4_(%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90)" title="마이클 스미스 (화학자)">스미스</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%95%A4%EB%93%9C%EB%A3%A8_%EC%98%AC%EB%9D%BC" title="조지 앤드루 올라">올라</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9A%B8_%ED%81%AC%EB%A4%BC%EC%B2%9C" title="파울 크뤼천">크뤼천</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4_J._%EB%AA%B0%EB%A6%AC%EB%82%98" title="마리오 J. 몰리나">몰리나</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%AD%ED%81%AC_%EC%85%94%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C_%EB%A1%A4%EB%9F%B0%EB%93%9C" title="프랭크 셔우드 롤런드">롤런드</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%BB%AC" title="로버트 컬">컬</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%9F%B4%EB%93%9C_%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%86%A0" title="해럴드 크로토">크로토</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%EC%8A%A4%EB%AA%B0%EB%A6%AC" title="리처드 스몰리">스몰리</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4_D._%EB%B3%B4%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4" title="폴 D. 보이어">보이어</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_E._%EC%9B%8C%EC%BB%A4" title="존 E. 워커">워커</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%8C%EC%8A%A4_%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%88_%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%EC%9A%B0" title="옌스 크리스티안 스코우">스코우</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%94%ED%84%B0_%EC%BD%98" title="월터 콘">콘</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%ED%8F%AC%ED%94%8C" title="존 포플">포플</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%A6%88%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%BC" title="아메드 즈웨일">즈웨일</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A8%EB%9F%B0_J._%ED%9E%88%EA%B1%B0" title="앨런 J. 히거">히거</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A8%EB%9F%B0_%EB%A7%A5%EB%8D%94%EB%AF%B8%EB%93%9C" title="앨런 맥더미드">맥더미드</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%B9%B4%EC%99%80_%ED%9E%88%EB%8D%B0%ED%82%A4" title="시라카와 히데키">시라카와</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001-현재</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%EB%94%94%EC%8B%9C_%EB%86%80%EC%8A%A4" title="윌리엄 스탠디시 놀스">놀스</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EC%9A%94%EB%A6%AC_%EB%A3%8C%EC%A7%80" title="노요리 료지">노요리</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC_%EB%B0%B0%EB%A6%AC_%EC%83%A4%ED%94%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="칼 배리 샤플리스">샤플리스</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%ED%8E%9C" title="존 펜">펜</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%82%98%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B3%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%B9%98" title="다나카 고이치">다나카</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B7%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88" title="쿠르트 뷔트리히">뷔트리히</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%84%B0_%EC%95%84%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC" title="피터 아그리">아그리</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%8D%94%EB%A6%AD_%EB%A7%A4%ED%82%A4%EB%84%8C" title="로더릭 매키넌">매키넌</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A1%A0_%EC%B9%98%EC%97%90%ED%95%98%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4" title="아론 치에하노베르">치에하노베르</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%8C_%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%8A%88%EC%BD%94" title="아브람 헤르슈코">헤르슈코</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EC%9C%88_%EB%A1%9C%EC%A6%88" title="어윈 로즈">로즈</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C_%EC%87%BC%EB%B1%85" title="이브 쇼뱅">쇼뱅</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EA%B7%B8%EB%9F%BD%EC%8A%A4" title="로버트 그럽스">그럽스</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%EC%8A%88%EB%A1%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="리처드 슈록">슈록</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%80_%EC%BD%98%EB%B2%84%EA%B7%B8" title="로저 콘버그">콘버그</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EB%A5%B4%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%80" title="게르하르트 에르틀">에르틀</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%ED%8B%B4_%EC%B1%8C%ED%94%BC" title="마틴 챌피">챌피</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%80_%EC%B2%B8" title="로저 첸">첸</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AA%A8%EB%AC%B4%EB%9D%BC_%EC%98%A4%EC%82%AC%EB%AC%B4" title="시모무라 오사무">시모무라</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A4%EC%B9%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%8C_%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%88%EB%82%9C" title="벤카트라만 라마크리슈난">라마크리슈난</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%B8%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="토머스 스타이츠">스타이츠</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%8B%A4_%EC%9A%94%EB%82%98%ED%8A%B8" title="아다 요나트">요나트</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_F._%ED%97%A5" title="리처드 F. 헥">헥</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%A6%88%ED%82%A4_%EC%95%84%ED%82%A4%EB%9D%BC_(%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90)" title="스즈키 아키라 (화학자)">스즈키</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8B%9C_%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%B4%EC%B9%98" title="네기시 에이이치">네기시</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8_%EC%85%B0%ED%9D%90%ED%8A%B8%EB%A7%8C" title="단 셰흐트만">셰흐트만</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A0%88%ED%94%84%EC%BD%94%EC%9C%84%EC%B8%A0" title="로버트 레프코위츠">레프코위츠</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8_%EC%BD%94%EB%B9%8C%EC%B9%B4" title="브라이언 코빌카">코빌카</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%94%8C%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4" title="마르틴 카르플루스">카르플루스</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_%EB%A0%88%EB%B9%97" title="마이클 레빗">레빗</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90_%EC%99%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%85%B8" title="아리에 와르셸">와르셸</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A6%AD_%EB%B2%A0%EC%B9%98%EA%B7%B8" title="에릭 베치그">베치그</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%88%ED%85%8C%ED%8C%90_%ED%97%AC" title="슈테판 헬">헬</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EB%A8%B8%EB%84%88" title="윌리엄 머너">머너</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A6%B0%EB%8B%AC" title="토마스 린달">린달</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4_L._%EB%AA%A8%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%98" title="폴 L. 모드리치">모드리치</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A7%80%EC%A6%88_%EC%82%B0%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%B4" title="아지즈 산자르">산자르</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%ED%94%BC%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4_%EC%86%8C%EB%B0%94%EC%A3%BC" title="장피에르 소바주">소바주</a> / <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%80_%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%8D%94%ED%8A%B8" title="프레이저 스토더트">스토더트</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%ED%8E%98%EB%A7%81%ED%95%98" title="베르나르트 페링하">페링하</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%ED%81%AC_%EB%92%A4%EB%B3%B4%EC%85%B0" title="자크 뒤보셰">뒤보셰</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EC%95%84%ED%9E%98_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%ED%81%AC" title="요아힘 프랑크">프랑크</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%ED%97%A8%EB%8D%94%EC%8A%A8" title="리처드 헨더슨">헨더슨</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%9C%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%95%84%EB%84%90%EB%93%9C" title="프랜시스 아널드">아널드</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9C%88%ED%84%B0" title="그레고리 윈터">윈터</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_P._%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="조지 P. 스미스">스미스</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_B._%EA%B5%AC%EB%94%94%EB%84%88%ED%94%84" title="존 B. 구디너프">구디너프</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%EB%A6%AC_%ED%9C%98%ED%8C%85%EC%97%84" title="스탠리 휘팅엄">휘팅엄</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EC%8B%9C%EB%85%B8_%EC%95%84%ED%82%A4%EB%9D%BC" title="요시노 아키라">요시노</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A7%88%EB%89%98%EC%97%98_%EC%83%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8C%A1%ED%8B%B0%EC%97%90" title="에마뉘엘 샤르팡티에">샤르팡티에</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%8B%88%ED%8D%BC_%EB%8B%A4%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%82%98" title="제니퍼 다우드나">다우드나</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%83%90%EB%AF%BC_%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="베냐민 리스트">리스트</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EB%A7%A5%EB%B0%80%EB%9F%B0" title="데이비드 맥밀런">맥밀런</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%9F%B4%EB%A6%B0_R._%EB%B2%84%ED%86%A0%EC%A7%80" title="캐럴린 R. 버토지">버토지</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A5%B4%ED%85%90_P._%EB%A9%9C%EB%8B%AC" title="모르텐 P. 멜달">멜달</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC_%EB%B0%B0%EB%A6%AC_%EC%83%A4%ED%94%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="칼 배리 샤플리스">샤플리스</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EC%A7%80_%EB%B0%94%EC%9B%AC%EB%94%94" title="문지 바웬디">바웬디</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_E._%EB%B8%8C%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4" title="루이스 E. 브루스">브루스</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4_%EC%98%88%ED%82%A4%EB%AA%A8%ED%94%84" title="알렉세이 예키모프">예키모프</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%BB%A4_(%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90)" title="데이비드 베이커 (화학자)">베이커</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4_%ED%97%88%EC%82%AC%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4" title="데미스 허사비스">허사비스</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_M._%EC%A0%90%ED%8D%BC" title="존 M. 점퍼">점퍼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90" title="분류:노벨 화학상 수상자">노벨 화학상 수상자</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/16px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/32px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nobel_Prize" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nobel Prize">노벨 화학상</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1958년_노벨상_수상자_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311309"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:1958%EB%85%84_%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90" title="틀:1958년 노벨상 수상자"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:1958%EB%85%84_%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:1958년 노벨상 수상자 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:1958%EB%85%84_%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90" title="특수:문서편집/틀:1958년 노벨상 수상자"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1958년_노벨상_수상자_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:1957%EB%85%84_%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90" title="틀:1957년 노벨상 수상자">← </a> <span class="summary">1958년 <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81" title="노벨상">노벨상</a> 수상자</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:1959%EB%85%84_%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90" title="틀:1959년 노벨상 수상자"> →</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99%EC%83%81" title="노벨 물리학상">물리학상</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%B2%A8_%EC%B2%B4%EB%A0%8C%EC%BD%94%ED%94%84" title="파벨 체렌코프">파벨 체렌코프</a> (소련)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%BC_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%80%ED%81%AC" title="일리야 프란크">일리야 프란크</a> (소련)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC_%ED%83%90" title="이고리 탐">이고리 탐</a> (소련)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ko/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ko/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ko/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%83%81" title="노벨 화학상"> 화학상</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">프레더릭 생어</a> (영국)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%EC%83%9D%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99%C2%B7%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99%EC%83%81" title="노벨 생리학·의학상">생리학·의학상</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%9B%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B9%84%EB%93%A4" title="조지 웰스 비들">조지 웰스 비들</a> (미국)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EC%9B%8C%EB%93%9C_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A6%AC_%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B4%ED%85%80" title="에드워드 로리 테이텀">에드워드 로리 테이텀</a> (미국)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%8A%88%EC%95%84_%EB%A0%88%EB%8D%94%EB%B2%84%EA%B7%B8" title="조슈아 레더버그">조슈아 레더버그</a> (미국)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99%EC%83%81" title="노벨 문학상">문학상</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8C%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%82%98%ED%81%AC" title="보리스 파스테르나크">보리스 파스테르나크</a> (소련)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%ED%8F%89%ED%99%94%EC%83%81" title="노벨 평화상">평화상</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%AF%B8%EB%8B%88%ED%81%AC_%ED%94%BC%EB%A5%B4" title="도미니크 피르">도미니크 피르</a> (벨기에)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1980년_노벨상_수상자_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311309"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:1980%EB%85%84_%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90" title="틀:1980년 노벨상 수상자"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:1980%EB%85%84_%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:1980년 노벨상 수상자 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:1980%EB%85%84_%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90" title="특수:문서편집/틀:1980년 노벨상 수상자"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1980년_노벨상_수상자_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:1979%EB%85%84_%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90" title="틀:1979년 노벨상 수상자">← </a> <span class="summary">1980년 <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81" title="노벨상">노벨상</a> 수상자</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:1981%EB%85%84_%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90" title="틀:1981년 노벨상 수상자"> →</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99%EC%83%81" title="노벨 물리학상">물리학상</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%EC%99%93%EC%8A%A8_%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%8B%8C" title="제임스 왓슨 크로닌">제임스 왓슨 크로닌</a> (미국)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B8_%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%A6%88%EB%8D%98_%ED%94%BC%EC%B9%98" title="밸 로그즈던 피치">밸 로그즈던 피치</a> (미국)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ko/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ko/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ko/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%83%81" title="노벨 화학상"> 화학상</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4_%EB%B2%84%EA%B7%B8" title="폴 버그">폴 버그</a> (미국)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%94%ED%84%B0_%EA%B8%B8%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8" title="월터 길버트">월터 길버트</a> (미국)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">프레더릭 생어</a> (영국)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%EC%83%9D%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99%C2%B7%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99%EC%83%81" title="노벨 생리학·의학상">생리학·의학상</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A3%A8_%EB%B2%A0%EB%82%98%EC%84%B8%EB%9D%BC%ED%94%84" title="바루 베나세라프">바루 베나세라프</a> (미국)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%B8" title="장 도세">장 도세</a> (프랑스)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4_%EC%8A%A4%EB%84%AC" title="조지 데이비스 스넬">조지 데이비스 스넬</a> (미국)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99%EC%83%81" title="노벨 문학상">문학상</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%ED%94%84_%EB%AF%B8%EC%9B%8C%EC%8B%9C" title="체스와프 미워시">체스와프 미워시</a> (폴란드/미국)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%ED%8F%89%ED%99%94%EC%83%81" title="노벨 평화상">평화상</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%8F%8C%ED%8F%AC_%ED%8E%98%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4%EB%B2%A8" title="아돌포 페레스 에스키벨">아돌포 페레스 에스키벨</a> (아르헨티나)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99%EC%83%81" title="노벨 경제학상">경제학상</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%9F%B0%EC%8A%A4_%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8" title="로런스 클라인">로런스 클라인</a> (미국)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151564#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151564#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151564#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국제</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1899086/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083981625">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/84811103">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcR4CRDKcjqRr6mgH86Kd">월드캣</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13609989v">프랑스</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13609989v">BnF 데이터</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981061121684706706">카탈루냐</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/142077445">독일</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n96003800">미국</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000090554&CON_LNG=ENG">체코</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200806724">한국</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p387211748">네덜란드</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810602013205606">폴란드</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">기타</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63s3fsh">SNAC</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/084997761">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">원본 주소 "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=프레더릭_생어&oldid=37983103">https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=프레더릭_생어&oldid=37983103</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98" title="특수:분류">분류</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:1918%EB%85%84_%EC%B6%9C%EC%83%9D" title="분류:1918년 출생">1918년 출생</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:2013%EB%85%84_%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%9D" title="분류:2013년 사망">2013년 사망</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%83%9D%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="분류:영국의 생화학자">영국의 생화학자</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9E%89%EA%B8%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C%EC%9D%98_%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EC%A7%80%EB%A1%A0%EC%9E%90" title="분류:잉글랜드의 불가지론자">잉글랜드의 불가지론자</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9E%89%EA%B8%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C%EC%9D%98_%ED%8F%89%ED%99%94%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9E%90" title="분류:잉글랜드의 평화주의자">잉글랜드의 평화주의자</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%83%81_%EC%88%98%EC%83%81%EC%9E%90" title="분류:노벨 화학상 수상자">노벨 화학상 수상자</a></li><li><a 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