CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="nl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Barbituraat - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","maart","april","mei","juni","juli","augustus","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"8193e306-9202-4acd-807c-ffb24f4c2dd8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Barbituraat","wgTitle":"Barbituraat","wgCurRevisionId":67948724,"wgRevisionId":67948724,"wgArticleId":214072,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Barbituraat"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Barbituraat","wgRelevantArticleId":214072,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode": "nl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q206348","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Direct-link-to-Commons","ext.gadget.ProtectionTemplates","ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.hoofdbetekenis-titelwijziging","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMapFrame","ext.gadget.subpages","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Barbiturate_allgemein.svg/1200px-Barbiturate_allgemein.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1332"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Barbiturate_allgemein.svg/800px-Barbiturate_allgemein.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="888"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Barbiturate_allgemein.svg/640px-Barbiturate_allgemein.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="711"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Barbituraat - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbituraat"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Bewerken" href="/w/index.php?title=Barbituraat&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbituraat"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Barbituraat rootpage-Barbituraat skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/24_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Barbituraat" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Barbituraat" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Barbituraat" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Barbituraat" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Barbituraat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 57 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbituraat" title="Barbituraat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Barbituraat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="باربتيورات – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باربتيورات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="باربيتيورات – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باربيتيورات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbituratlar" title="Barbituratlar – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Barbituratlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Барбитурат – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Барбитурат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="বারবিচুরেট – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বারবিচুরেট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbit%C3%BAric" title="Barbitúric – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Barbitúric" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbitur%C3%A1ty" title="Barbituráty – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Barbituráty" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturat" title="Barbiturat – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Barbiturat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Barbiturate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC" title="Βαρβιτουρικά – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαρβιτουρικά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Barbiturate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturato" title="Barbiturato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Barbiturato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbit%C3%BArico" title="Barbitúrico – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Barbitúrico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbituraadid" title="Barbituraadid – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Barbituraadid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbituriko" title="Barbituriko – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Barbituriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="باربیتورات – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باربیتورات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbituraatit" title="Barbituraatit – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Barbituraatit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturique" title="Barbiturique – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Barbiturique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbat%C3%BAr%C3%A1it" title="Barbatúráit – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Barbatúráit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbit%C3%BArico" title="Barbitúrico – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Barbitúrico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98" title="ברביטורט – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברביטורט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="बार्बीचुरेट्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बार्बीचुरेट्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturati" title="Barbiturati – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Barbiturati" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բարբիտուրատներ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բարբիտուրատներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturat" title="Barbiturat – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Barbiturat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturici" title="Barbiturici – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Barbiturici" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%84%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E9%85%B8%E7%B3%BB" title="バルビツール酸系 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バルビツール酸系" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ბარბიტურატები – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბარბიტურატები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EB%B9%84%ED%88%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%82%B0%EA%B3%84" title="바르비투르산계 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바르비투르산계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbit%C5%ABratai" title="Barbitūratai – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Barbitūratai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbitur%C4%81ti" title="Barbiturāti – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Barbiturāti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Барбитурат – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Барбитурат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturat" title="Barbiturat – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Barbiturat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturat" title="Barbiturat – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Barbiturat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturat" title="Barbiturat – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Barbiturat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturany" title="Barbiturany – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Barbiturany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbit%C3%BArico" title="Barbitúrico – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Barbitúrico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbituric" title="Barbituric – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Barbituric" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Барбитураты – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Барбитураты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Барбитураттар – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Барбитураттар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturat" title="Barbiturat – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Barbiturat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Barbiturate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbitur%C3%A1t" title="Barbiturát – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Barbiturát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturat" title="Barbiturat – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Barbiturat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Барбитурат – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Барбитурат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturat" title="Barbiturat – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Barbiturat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturater" title="Barbiturater – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Barbiturater" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Барбитуратҳо – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Барбитуратҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" title="บาร์บิทูเรต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บาร์บิทูเรต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbit%C3%BCrat" title="Barbitürat – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Barbitürat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Барбітурати – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Барбітурати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbituratlar" title="Barbituratlar – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Barbituratlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturat" title="Barbiturat – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Barbiturat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbituriko" title="Barbituriko – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Barbituriko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%A6%A5%E7%B1%BB%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="巴比妥类药物 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴比妥类药物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturate_io%CC%8Dh-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Barbiturate io̍h-bu̍t – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Barbiturate io̍h-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q206348#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Barbituraat" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Barbituraat" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Barbituraat"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbituraat&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbituraat&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbituraat&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Barbituraat"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbituraat&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbituraat&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbituraat&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Barbituraat" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Barbituraat" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbituraat&oldid=67948724" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbituraat&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Barbituraat&id=67948724&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBarbituraat"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBarbituraat"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Barbituraat"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Barbituraat&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbituraat&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Barbiturates" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q206348" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="spoiler" align="center" style="margin:1em auto; width:fit-content; overflow:hidden;"><div style="display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:0.5em; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); padding:0.1em 0.2em;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Esculaap4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esculaap"><img alt="Esculaap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/26px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/40px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/53px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-wrap:balance;"><small>Neem het <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorbehoud_bij_medische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Voorbehoud bij medische informatie"><i><b>voorbehoud bij medische informatie</b></i></a> in acht.<br />Raadpleeg bij gezondheidsklachten een <a href="/wiki/Arts" title="Arts">arts</a>.</small></div> </div></div> <p><b>Barbituraten</b> zijn <a href="/wiki/Derivaat_(scheikunde)" title="Derivaat (scheikunde)">derivaten</a> van <a href="/wiki/Barbituurzuur" title="Barbituurzuur">barbituurzuur</a> en hebben als <a href="/wiki/GABA-agonist" title="GABA-agonist">GABA-agonist</a> een sterk dempende werking op het <a href="/wiki/Centraal_zenuwstelsel" title="Centraal zenuwstelsel">centraal zenuwstelsel</a>, variërend met de dosis van lichte <a href="/wiki/Sedatie" title="Sedatie">sedatie</a> (kalmerend effect) tot een diepe (onomkeerbare) <a href="/wiki/Coma_(geneeskunde)" title="Coma (geneeskunde)">coma</a> en de dood. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Barbiturate_allgemein.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Barbiturate_allgemein.svg/260px-Barbiturate_allgemein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Barbiturate_allgemein.svg/390px-Barbiturate_allgemein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Barbiturate_allgemein.svg/520px-Barbiturate_allgemein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="171" /></a><figcaption>Algemene structuur van barbituraten</figcaption></figure> <p>Toepassingen zijn onder andere als: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Slaapmiddel" title="Slaapmiddel">Slaapmiddelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmeringsmiddelen" title="Kalmeringsmiddelen">Kalmeringsmiddelen</a> (<i>tranquillizers</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-epileptica" title="Anti-epileptica">Anti-epileptica</a>, met name <a href="/wiki/Fenobarbital" title="Fenobarbital">fenobarbital</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inductiemiddel_bij_narcose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inductiemiddel bij narcose (de pagina bestaat niet)">Inductiemiddel bij narcose</a>, met name de <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natriumzouten</a> van <a href="/wiki/Natriumthiopental" title="Natriumthiopental">thiopental</a> en methohexital</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasie" title="Euthanasie">Euthanaticum</a> (bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Natriumthiopental" title="Natriumthiopental">natriumthiopental</a>)</li></ol> <p>In 1863 werd barbituurzuur gesynthetiseerd door de Duitse chemicus <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a> uit <a href="/wiki/Malonzuur" title="Malonzuur">malonzuur</a> en <a href="/wiki/Ureum" title="Ureum">ureum</a>. In 1903 verscheen het eerste barbituraat <a href="/wiki/Barbital" title="Barbital">barbital</a> onder de merknaam <a href="/wiki/Barbital" title="Barbital">Veronal</a> als <a href="/wiki/Slaapmiddel" title="Slaapmiddel">slaapmiddel</a> op de markt. </p><p>Vóór de ontdekking van echte slaapmiddelen werden daar vooral <a href="/wiki/Kruidachtig" title="Kruidachtig">kruiden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">alcohol</a> en <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a> voor gebruikt. Daarnaast werden <a href="/wiki/Chloraalhydraat" title="Chloraalhydraat">chloraalhydraat</a> en <a href="/wiki/Paraldehyde" title="Paraldehyde">paraldehyde</a> als <a href="/wiki/Chemische_synthese" title="Chemische synthese">synthetisch</a> slaapmiddel gebruikt. Barbituraten vonden daarom makkelijk aftrek om als slaapmiddel te worden toegepast. </p><p>In 1912 werd <a href="/wiki/Fenobarbital" title="Fenobarbital">fenobarbital</a> op de markt gebracht onder de merknaam Luminal. Fenobarbital werkte veel minder versuffend en was, evenals barbital, langwerkend. Het werd daardoor voornamelijk als kalmeringsmiddel toegepast. </p><p>Er werden circa 2500 barbituraten ontwikkeld, waarvan ongeveer 50 ooit voor medisch gebruik zijn geregistreerd. Enkele barbituraten zijn (eerst voorgekomen merknaam in Nederland tussen haakjes): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amobarbital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amobarbital (de pagina bestaat niet)">amobarbital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brallobarbital" title="Brallobarbital">brallobarbital</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vesparax" title="Vesparax">Vesparax</a> in combinatie met <a href="/wiki/Hydroxyzine" title="Hydroxyzine">hydroxyzine</a> en secobarbital), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butalbital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butalbital (de pagina bestaat niet)">butalbital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butobarbital" title="Butobarbital">butobarbital</a> (Soneryl), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclobarbital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclobarbital (de pagina bestaat niet)">cyclobarbital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenobarbital" title="Fenobarbital">fenobarbital</a> (Luminal), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Methylfenobarbital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methylfenobarbital (de pagina bestaat niet)">methylfenobarbital</a> (Prominal), <a href="/wiki/Pentobarbital" title="Pentobarbital">pentobarbital</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secobarbital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secobarbital (de pagina bestaat niet)">secobarbital</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seconal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seconal (de pagina bestaat niet)">Seconal</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Vesparax" title="Vesparax">Vesparax</a> in combinatie met <a href="/wiki/Hydroxyzine" title="Hydroxyzine">hydroxyzine</a> en secobarbital) en <a href="/wiki/Natriumthiopental" title="Natriumthiopental">thiopental</a>, ook wel <a href="/wiki/Natriumthiopental" title="Natriumthiopental">pentothal</a> genoemd (Nesdonal). </p><p>Allemaal verschillen ze in eigenschappen zoals dosering, voornaamste werkingen, werkingsduur enzovoort. Barbituraten waren een berucht <a href="/wiki/Zelfmoord" title="Zelfmoord">zelfmoordmiddel</a>, bij overdosering treedt er coma met demping van de ademhaling op. Ook werden ze misbruikt waardoor een <a href="/wiki/Vergiftiging" title="Vergiftiging">vergiftiging</a> zoals bij dronkenschap ontstaat. Barbituraten zijn fysiek en psychologisch zeer <a href="/wiki/Verslaving" title="Verslaving">verslavend</a>; in het ergste geval kan staking van inname na langdurig gebruik zelfs dodelijk zijn door het optreden van ernstige <a href="/wiki/Insult" title="Insult">convulsies</a> ('epileptische aanvallen'). Bij kinderen die langdurig <a href="/wiki/Fenobarbital" title="Fenobarbital">fenobarbital</a> tegen <a href="/wiki/Epilepsie" title="Epilepsie">epilepsie</a> gebruikten is een gemiddeld lager <a href="/wiki/Intelligentiemeting" title="Intelligentiemeting">IQ</a> waargenomen, evenals gedragsstoornissen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Er bestaat geen antidotum tegen een overdosis barbituraat. Vooral secobarbital veroorzaakte veel doden door vergiftiging wereldwijd, meestal vanwege ernstige problemen met misbruik. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">benzodiazepinen</a> <a href="/wiki/Chloordiazepoxide" title="Chloordiazepoxide">chloordiazepoxide</a> (Librium) en <a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">diazepam</a> (Valium) werden rond 1960 ontwikkeld. Deze zijn veel veiliger dan de barbituraten. Overdosering is praktisch onmogelijk, afhankelijkheid en ontwenning is minder intens, ze werken over het algemeen minder versuffend, en er zijn eigenlijk maar een paar echte contra-indicaties; zoals de zeldzame spierziekte <a href="/wiki/Myasthenia_gravis" title="Myasthenia gravis">Myasthenia gravis</a>. Toch kunnen mensen lange tijd last krijgen van ontwenningsverschijnselen, veel langer dan bij ontwenning van opioïden of alcoholische dranken.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Benzodiazepines hebben de functie van barbituraten bijna volledig overgenomen. In de <a href="/wiki/Apotheek" title="Apotheek">apotheek</a> is sinds een paar jaar na de eeuwwisseling alleen nog fenobarbital verkrijgbaar, en dan als <a href="/wiki/Anti-epileptica" title="Anti-epileptica">anti-epilepticum</a>, indien andere middelen falen. In ziekenhuizen wordt ook nog wel het sterke en kortwerkende barbituraat <a href="/wiki/Natriumthiopental" title="Natriumthiopental">thiopental</a> gebruikt als inleidingmiddel bij <a href="/wiki/Anesthesie" title="Anesthesie">anesthesie</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Algehele_anesthesie" title="Algehele anesthesie">narcose</a>). Ook in de diergeneeskunde en bij <a href="/wiki/Euthanasie" title="Euthanasie">euthanasie</a> door middel van <a href="/wiki/Dodelijke_injectie" title="Dodelijke injectie">injectie</a> worden vaak sterke barbituraten gebruikt. </p><p>Van verschillende barbituraten, bijvoorbeeld fenobarbital, secobarbital en amobarbital, is er een <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a>-zoutvorm beschikbaar. De naam wordt dan aangeduid als bv. natriumpentobarbital. Het zou gezegd kunnen worden dat natrium een oplosmiddel is, zoals dat bij andere middelen vaak <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloride" title="Hydrochloride">hydrochloride</a> is. Het eerste barbituraat, barbital, kon niet in water opgelost worden. Natriumbarbital, het natriumzout hiervan, kon dat wel, waardoor toediening via injectie en drank makkelijker werden. </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFFarwell_JR,_Lee_YJ,_Hirtz_DG,_Sulzbacher_SI,_Ellenberg_JH,_Nelson_KB1990"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Farwell JR, Lee YJ, Hirtz DG, Sulzbacher SI, Ellenberg JH, Nelson KB</span> (1990). <cite>Phenobarbital for febrile seizures—effects on intelligence and on seizure recurrence</cite>. <i>N Engl J Med.</i> <b>322</b> (6): 364-9. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2242106">2242106</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFSulzbacher_S,_Farwell_JR,_Temkin_N,_Lu_AS,_Hirtz_DG1999"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Sulzbacher S, Farwell JR, Temkin N, Lu AS, Hirtz DG</span> (1999). <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-pediatrics_1999-07_38_7/page/387">Late cognitive effects of early treatment with phenobarbital</a></cite>. <i>Clin Pediatr (Phila).</i> <b>38</b> (7): 387-94. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10416094">10416094</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150115163153/http://www.kinderformularium.nl/search/stof.php?id=288">Fenobarbital</a>. Kinderformularium. Gearchiveerd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2015-01-15">15 januari 2015</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2015-01-15">15 januari 2015</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://benzo.org.uk/manual/">Benzo.org.uk <i>Ashton Manual</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Heather_Ashton" title="Heather Ashton">Heather Ashton</a>).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbituraat&oldid=67948724">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbituraat&oldid=67948724</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Barbituraat" title="Categorie:Barbituraat">Barbituraat</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 10 aug 2024 om 17:08.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/nl">gebruiksvoorwaarden</a> voor meer informatie.<br /> Wikipedia® is een geregistreerd handelsmerk van de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, een organisatie zonder winstoogmerk.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacybeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia">Over Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Algemeen_voorbehoud">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragscode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/nl.wikipedia.org">Statistieken</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbituraat&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobiele weergave</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-vqclb","wgBackendResponseTime":145,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.048","walltime":"0.068","ppvisitednodes":{"value":843,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":4938,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1970,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2924,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 40.714 1 -total"," 87.66% 35.691 1 Sjabloon:Appendix"," 83.00% 33.792 1 Sjabloon:References"," 24.57% 10.005 2 Sjabloon:Citeer_journal"," 17.37% 7.072 1 Sjabloon:Citeer_web"," 5.07% 2.066 2 Sjabloon:Aut"," 4.55% 1.853 2 Sjabloon:Sfnref"," 4.45% 1.813 1 Sjabloon:Disclaimer_medisch_lemma"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.003","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":625790,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-64476968cd-6hn8q","timestamp":"20241102120253","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Barbituraat","url":"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbituraat","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q206348","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q206348","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bijdragers aan Wikimedia-projecten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-07-08T14:06:56Z","dateModified":"2024-08-10T16:08:24Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4e\/Barbiturate_allgemein.svg"}</script> </body> </html>