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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="UtoJTSKE/6wSNFtyjYDIXtaUS8oogYzgcpI1UlCRWIrRSKaoxsOTALPeMEaA1zQMghZ7gJcaI+n3YLlKO3XnGg==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="The neurobiology of swallowing and dysphagia" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2008/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Developmental disabilities research reviews" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Arthur Miller" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/30118475/The_neurobiology_of_swallowing_and_dysphagia" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The neurobiology of swallowing and dysphagia" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The neurobiological study of swallowing and its dysfunction, defined as dysphagia, has evolved over two centuries beginning with electrical stimulation applied directly to the central nervous system, and then followed by systematic investigations" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/57226527/49162285/37133712/s200_arthur.miller.png" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/30118475/The_neurobiology_of_swallowing_and_dysphagia" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The neurobiology of swallowing and dysphagia" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The neurobiological study of swallowing and its dysfunction, defined as dysphagia, has evolved over two centuries beginning with electrical stimulation applied directly to the central nervous system, and then followed by systematic investigations" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/ArthurMiller14" /> <meta name="description" content="The neurobiological study of swallowing and its dysfunction, defined as dysphagia, has evolved over two centuries beginning with electrical stimulation applied directly to the central nervous system, and then followed by systematic investigations" /> <title>(PDF) The neurobiology of swallowing and dysphagia | Arthur Miller - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/30118475/The_neurobiology_of_swallowing_and_dysphagia" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '640e319a5feb821ef61cccaf77c34b260ff56349'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732743192000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732743192000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The neurobiological study of swallowing and its dysfunction, defined as dysphagia, has evolved over two centuries beginning with electrical stimulation applied directly to the central nervous system, and then followed by systematic investigations that have used lesioning, transmagnetic stimulation, magnetoencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. The field has evolved from mapping the central neural pathway and peripheral nerves, to defining the importance of specific regions of the lower brain stem in terms of interneurons that provide sequential control for multiple muscles in the most complex reflex elicited by the nervous system, the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. The field is now emerging into defining how the higher cortical regions interact with this brain stem control and is providing a broader perspective of how the intact nervous system functions to control the three phases of swallowing (i.e., oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal). Much of the present inter...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Arthur Miller"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2016-11-27","dateModified":"2016-11-27","datePublished":"2008-01-01","headline":"The neurobiology of swallowing and dysphagia","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Neuroscience","Neurology","Biology","Treatment","Pathophysiology","Anatomy","Stroke","Humans","Swallowing","Cortex","Peripheral nerves","Stimulation","Biological markers","Neural pathways","Neurosciences","Interneurons","Diagnostic Tests","Functional Laterality","Brain stem"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Developmental disabilities research reviews","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/30118475/The_neurobiology_of_swallowing_and_dysphagia","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" 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directly to the central nervous system, and then followed by systematic investigations that have used lesioning, transmagnetic stimulation, magnetoencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. The field has evolved from mapping the central neural pathway and peripheral nerves, to defining the importance of specific regions of the lower brain stem in terms of interneurons that provide sequential control for multiple muscles in the most complex reflex elicited by the nervous system, the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. The field is now emerging into defining how the higher cortical regions interact with this brain stem control and is providing a broader perspective of how the intact nervous system functions to control the three phases of swallowing (i.e., oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal). Much of the present inter...","publication_date":"2008,,","publication_name":"Developmental disabilities research reviews"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The neurobiology of swallowing and dysphagia","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [57226527]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":50579814,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The neurobiology of swallowing and dysphagia”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/50579814/mini_magick20190128-28973-5flnp8.png?1548730685" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The neurobiology of swallowing and dysphagia</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57226527" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArthurMiller14"><img alt="Profile image of Arthur Miller" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/57226527/49162285/37133712/s65_arthur.miller.png" />Arthur Miller</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2008, Developmental disabilities research reviews</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The neurobiological study of swallowing and its dysfunction, defined as dysphagia, has evolved over two centuries beginning with electrical stimulation applied directly to the central nervous system, and then followed by systematic investigations that have used lesioning, transmagnetic stimulation, magnetoencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. The field has evolved from mapping the central neural pathway and peripheral nerves, to defining the importance of specific regions of the lower brain stem in terms of interneurons that provide sequential control for multiple muscles in the most complex reflex elicited by the nervous system, the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. The field is now emerging into defining how the higher cortical regions interact with this brain stem control and is providing a broader perspective of how the intact nervous system functions to control the three phases of swallowing (i.e., oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal). Much of the present inter...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":50579814,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/30118475/The_neurobiology_of_swallowing_and_dysphagia"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":50579814,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/30118475/The_neurobiology_of_swallowing_and_dysphagia"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="50579814" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/30118475/The_neurobiology_of_swallowing_and_dysphagia" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="14786839" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14786839/Neurophysiology_of_swallowing">Neurophysiology of swallowing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33750647" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CumhurErtekin">Cumhur Ertekin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Clinical Neurophysiology, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button 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href="https://www.academia.edu/15133895/Magnetoencephalographic_evidence_for_the_modulation_of_cortical_swallowing_processing_by_transcranial_direct_current_stimulation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="5429312" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5429312/The_functional_neuroanatomy_of_voluntary_swallowing">The functional neuroanatomy of voluntary swallowing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7595596" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JosePardo2">Jose Pardo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Annals of Neurology, 1999</p><div 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data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="56267769" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56267769/An_Experimental_Swallow_Evoked_Potential_Protocol_to_Investigate_the_Neural_Substrates_of_Swallowing">An Experimental Swallow Evoked Potential Protocol to Investigate the Neural Substrates of Swallowing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="75790874" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TeresaLever">Teresa Lever</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">OTO Open</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Advancement in dysphagia intervention is hindered by our lack of understanding of the neural mechanisms of swallowing in health and disease. Evoking and understanding neural activity in response to normal and disordered swallowing is essential to bridge this knowledge gap. Building on sensory evoked potential methodology, we developed a minimally invasive approach to generate swallow evoked potentials (SwEPs) in response to repetitive swallowing induced by citric acid stimulation of the oropharynx in lightly anesthetized healthy adult rats. The SwEP waveform consisted of 8 replicable peaks within 10 milliseconds immediately preceding the onset of electromyographic swallowing activity. Methodology refinement is underway with healthy rats to establish normative SwEP waveform morphology before proceeding to models of advanced aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ultimately, we envision that this experimental protocol may unmask the pathologic neural substrates contributing...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An Experimental Swallow Evoked Potential Protocol to Investigate the Neural Substrates of Swallowing","attachmentId":71737019,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56267769/An_Experimental_Swallow_Evoked_Potential_Protocol_to_Investigate_the_Neural_Substrates_of_Swallowing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/56267769/An_Experimental_Swallow_Evoked_Potential_Protocol_to_Investigate_the_Neural_Substrates_of_Swallowing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="59312808" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59312808/The_role_of_the_cerebral_cortex_in_swallowing">The role of the cerebral cortex in swallowing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55234618" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BSessle">B. Sessle</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Dysphagia, 1993</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The role of the cerebral cortex in swallowing","attachmentId":73301449,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59312808/The_role_of_the_cerebral_cortex_in_swallowing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59312808/The_role_of_the_cerebral_cortex_in_swallowing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="52060362" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52060362/Sensory_stimulation_activates_both_motor_and_sensory_components_of_the_swallowing_system">Sensory stimulation activates both motor and sensory components of the swallowing system</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38996019" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristyLudlow">Christy Ludlow</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sensory stimulation activates both motor and sensory components of the swallowing system","attachmentId":69499092,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/52060362/Sensory_stimulation_activates_both_motor_and_sensory_components_of_the_swallowing_system","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/52060362/Sensory_stimulation_activates_both_motor_and_sensory_components_of_the_swallowing_system"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":50579814,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":50579814,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_50579814" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57170375/Recognizing_the_Importance_of_Dysphagia_Stumbling_Blocks_and_Stepping_Stones_in_the_Twenty_First_Century"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="30118223" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30118223/Characteristics_of_the_swallowing_reflex_induced_by_peripheral_nerve_and_brain_stem_stimulation">Characteristics of the swallowing reflex induced by peripheral nerve and brain stem stimulation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57226527" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArthurMiller14">Arthur Miller</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Experimental Neurology, 1972</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Characteristics of the swallowing reflex induced by peripheral nerve and brain stem stimulation","attachmentId":50579663,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30118223/Characteristics_of_the_swallowing_reflex_induced_by_peripheral_nerve_and_brain_stem_stimulation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sensory Input Pathways and Mechanisms in Swallowing: A Review","attachmentId":50579832,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30118515/Sensory_Input_Pathways_and_Mechanisms_in_Swallowing_A_Review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30118515/Sensory_Input_Pathways_and_Mechanisms_in_Swallowing_A_Review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div 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