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{"work":{"id":14392489,"created_at":"2015-07-25T17:56:47.450-07:00","from_world_paper_id":140183353,"updated_at":"2024-11-13T15:44:15.237-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"It has been suggested that the primary motor cortex plays a substantial role in the neural circuitry that controls swallowing. Although its role in the voluntary oral phase of swallowing is undisputed, its precise role in motor control of the more reflexive, pharyngeal phase of swallowing is unclear. The contribution of the primary motor cortex to the pharyngeal phase of swallowing was examined using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to evoke motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the anterior hyomandibular muscle group during either volitional submental muscle contraction or contraction during the pharyngeal phase of both volitionally, and reflexively, initiated swallowing. For each subject, in all three conditions, TMS was triggered when submental surface EMG (sEMG) reached 75% of the mean maximal submental sEMG amplitude measured during 10 volitional swallows. MEPs recorded during volitional submental muscle contraction were elicited in 22 of the 35 healthy subjects examined (63%). Only 16 of these 22 subjects (45.7%) also displayed MEPs recorded during volitional swallowing, but their MEP amplitudes were larger when triggered by submental muscle contraction than when triggered by volitional swallowing. Additionally, only 7 subjects (of 19 tested) showed MEPs triggered by submental muscle contraction during a reflexively triggered pharyngeal swallow. These differences indicate differing levels of net M1 excitability during execution of the investigated tasks, possibly brought about by task-dependent changes in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neural activity.","publication_date":"2011,,","publication_name":"Brain Research Bulletin","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"44247705"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Task-dependent differences in corticobulbar excitability of the submental motor projections: Implications for neural control of swallowing","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [33336857]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":44247705,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Task-dependent differences in corticobulbar excitability of the submental motor projections: Implications for neural control of swallowing”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/44247705/mini_magick20190214-19854-1nqfwu.png?1550206073" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Task-dependent differences in corticobulbar excitability of the submental motor projections: Implications for neural control of swallowing</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33336857" href="https://canterbury-nz.academia.edu/JohnDalrymplealford"><img alt="Profile image of John Dalrymple-alford" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />John Dalrymple-alford</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2011, Brain Research Bulletin</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">6 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 14392489; 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data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="52060362" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52060362/Sensory_stimulation_activates_both_motor_and_sensory_components_of_the_swallowing_system">Sensory stimulation activates both motor and sensory components of the swallowing system</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38996019" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristyLudlow">Christy Ludlow</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sensory stimulation activates both motor and sensory components of the swallowing system","attachmentId":69499092,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/52060362/Sensory_stimulation_activates_both_motor_and_sensory_components_of_the_swallowing_system","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/52060362/Sensory_stimulation_activates_both_motor_and_sensory_components_of_the_swallowing_system"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="86931334" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86931334/Role_of_primary_sensorimotor_cortex_and_supplementary_motor_area_in_volitional_swallowing_a_movement_related_cortical_potential_study">Role of primary sensorimotor cortex and supplementary motor area in volitional swallowing: a movement-related cortical potential study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="218901271" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TahaminaBegum4">Tahamina Begum</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We investigated the role of the cerebral cortex, particularly the face/tongue area of the primary sensorimotor (SMI) cortex (face/tongue) and supplementary motor area (SMA), in volitional swallowing by recording movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs). MRCPs with swallowing and tongue protrusion were recorded from scalp electrodes in eight normal right-handed subjects and from implanted subdural electrodes in six epilepsy patients. The experiment by scalp EEG in normal subjects revealed that premovement Bereitschaftspotentials (BP) activity for swallowing was largest at the vertex and lateralized to either hemisphere in the central area. The experiment by epicortical EEG in patients confirmed that face/tongue SMI and SMA were commonly involved in swallowing and tongue protrusion with overlapping distribution and interindividual variability. BP amplitude showed no difference between swallowing and tongue movements, either at face/tongue SMI or at SMA, whereas postmovement potent...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Role of primary sensorimotor cortex and supplementary motor area in volitional swallowing: a movement-related cortical potential study","attachmentId":91276842,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86931334/Role_of_primary_sensorimotor_cortex_and_supplementary_motor_area_in_volitional_swallowing_a_movement_related_cortical_potential_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86931334/Role_of_primary_sensorimotor_cortex_and_supplementary_motor_area_in_volitional_swallowing_a_movement_related_cortical_potential_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="88003980" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88003980/Timing_of_cortical_activation_during_spontaneous_swallowing">Timing of cortical activation during spontaneous swallowing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38996019" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristyLudlow">Christy Ludlow</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Experimental Brain Research, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Timing of cortical activation during spontaneous swallowing","attachmentId":92074692,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88003980/Timing_of_cortical_activation_during_spontaneous_swallowing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88003980/Timing_of_cortical_activation_during_spontaneous_swallowing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="30118353" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30118353/Neurophysiological_basis_of_swallowing">Neurophysiological basis of swallowing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57226527" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArthurMiller14">Arthur Miller</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Dysphagia, 1986</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Neurophysiological basis of swallowing","attachmentId":50579747,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30118353/Neurophysiological_basis_of_swallowing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30118353/Neurophysiological_basis_of_swallowing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="4287290" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4287290/Voluntary_and_Reflex_Influences_on_the_Initiation_of_Swallowing_Reflex_in_Man">Voluntary and Reflex Influences on the Initiation of Swallowing Reflex in Man</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5208829" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BulentTurman">Bulent Turman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Dysphagia, 2001</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The electrophysiological features of voluntarily induced and reflexive/spontaneous swallows were investigated. In normal subjects, swallows were elicited by infusing water either into the mouth (1–3 ml) or directly into the oropharyngeal region through a nasopharyngeal cannula (0.3–1 ml). For water infused orally, subjects were either requested to swallow voluntarily or instructed to resist swallowing and maintain the horizontal head position until swallowing occurred reflexively. Spontaneous saliva swallowing was investigated in patients with severe dysphagia who had a prominent clinical picture of suprabulbar palsy. Comparisons between different swallowing types were made by measuring the time interval between the onset of submental electromyographic activity (SM-EMG) and the onset of the upward movement of the larynx recorded by a movement sensor. This interval was less than 100 ms, even frequently less than 50 ms, in reflexive/spontaneous swallows, while in voluntarily induced swallows it was substantially longer. The rising time of submental muscle's excitation was also shorter in reflexive/spontaneous swallows. It was suggested that the triggering of voluntarily induced swallows commences more than 100 ms before the onset of swallowing reflex and that this mechanism is under the control of corticobulbar–pyramidal pathways. If the swallowing reflex is triggered within such a short period of time following the onset of SM-EMG, the central control by the bulbar swallowing center should be effective until the end of oropharyngeal swallowing.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Voluntary and Reflex Influences on the Initiation of Swallowing Reflex in Man","attachmentId":49958880,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4287290/Voluntary_and_Reflex_Influences_on_the_Initiation_of_Swallowing_Reflex_in_Man","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4287290/Voluntary_and_Reflex_Influences_on_the_Initiation_of_Swallowing_Reflex_in_Man"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":44247705,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":44247705,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_44247705" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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Sessle</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of neurophysiology, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Features of cortically evoked swallowing in the awake primate (Macaca fascicularis)","attachmentId":73301718,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59313500/Features_of_cortically_evoked_swallowing_in_the_awake_primate_Macaca_fascicularis_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59313500/Features_of_cortically_evoked_swallowing_in_the_awake_primate_Macaca_fascicularis_"><span 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data-entity-id="25955293" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25955293/Influence_of_repetitive_peripheral_magnetic_stimulation_on_neural_plasticity_in_the_motor_cortex_related_to_swallowing">Influence of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation on neural plasticity in the motor cortex related to swallowing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49782368" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NaokiYamada1">Naoki Yamada</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25885225" href="https://jikei.academia.edu/RyoMomosaki">Ryo Momosaki</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="53569554" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53569554/Effect_of_cortical_masticatory_area_stimulation_on_swallowing_in_anesthetized_rabbits">Effect of cortical masticatory area stimulation on swallowing in anesthetized rabbits</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="104009650" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JayanthaAmarasena">Jayantha Amarasena</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Brain Research, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="30118223" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30118223/Characteristics_of_the_swallowing_reflex_induced_by_peripheral_nerve_and_brain_stem_stimulation">Characteristics of the swallowing reflex induced by peripheral nerve and brain stem stimulation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57226527" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArthurMiller14">Arthur Miller</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Experimental Neurology, 1972</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Characteristics of the swallowing reflex induced by peripheral nerve and brain stem 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