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{"work":{"id":64396113,"created_at":"2021-12-15T19:43:17.666-08:00","from_world_paper_id":187260012,"updated_at":"2025-02-03T11:16:09.657-08:00","_data":{"ai_abstract":"The paper assesses the effectiveness of the Canadian Human Rights Act, particularly in relation to women's employment rights. It explores the Act's provisions aimed at reducing discrimination against women in the workforce, analyzes theoretical shortcomings and limitations within the legislation, and reviews the initial operations of the Canadian Human Rights Commission. Key findings indicate that wage disparities and a lack of punitive measures under the Act hinder its impact.","ai_title_tag":"Assessing Women's Rights under Canadian Law","publication_date":"1979,,"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Women and Work and the Canadian Human Rights Act","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [33144938,310030159]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":76452557,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Women and Work and the Canadian Human Rights Act”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/76452557/mini_magick20211215-32051-235hdo.png?1639626290" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Women and Work and the Canadian Human Rights Act</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33144938" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JulieJai"><img alt="Profile image of Julie Jai" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/33144938/70222134/58636014/s65_julie.jai.jpeg" />Julie Jai</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="310030159" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaryjaneMossman"><img alt="Profile image of Maryjane Mossman" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Maryjane Mossman</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1979</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 64396113; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=64396113"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The paper assesses the effectiveness of the Canadian Human Rights Act, particularly in relation to women's employment rights. It explores the Act's provisions aimed at reducing discrimination against women in the workforce, analyzes theoretical shortcomings and limitations within the legislation, and reviews the initial operations of the Canadian Human Rights Commission. Key findings indicate that wage disparities and a lack of punitive measures under the Act hinder its impact.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":76452557,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/64396113/Women_and_Work_and_the_Canadian_Human_Rights_Act"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":76452557,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/64396113/Women_and_Work_and_the_Canadian_Human_Rights_Act"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Similarly, recent periodic reviews by United Nations human rights treaty-monitoring bodies have led to unprecedented criticism of Canada for neglecting issues of poverty and social and economic rights, particularly among women. A crucial component of Canada's international human rights obligations is to provide effective domestic remedies for violations of social and economic rights, and to include social and economic rights in the mandate of its national human rights institution. Moreover, the Paris Principles, endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in 1994, require that national human rights institutions have a broad mandate, including the duty to review compliance with the international human rights instruments to which the state is a party. In its concluding observations relating to Canada in both 1993 and 1998, the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recommended that Canadian human rights legislation be amended to include social and economic rights. In November 1998, Canada made a commitment to the UN Committee that this recommendation would be addressed in the federal government's review of the Canadian Human Rights Act (CHRA). Recently, the Supreme Court of Canada affirmed that equality rights under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, like equality guarantees in federal and provincial human rights legislation, require positive measures to address social disadvantage. Nevertheless, when women living in poverty have attempted to challenge government policies denying them access to adequate food, housing and social assistance, their claims have been rejected on the grounds that social and economic rights are beyond the jurisdiction of human rights commissions and the courts. As a result, low-income women have been left without remedies to the most critical issues of discrimination and inequality which they face. If the guarantee of equality in the CHRA is to have meaning for low-income women, it must enable them to challenge discriminatory denials of their social and economic rights, and to hold governments accountable for the failure to meet international human rights obligations to protect and promote the social and economic rights of women and other disadvantaged groups. The paper proposes that social and economic rights be included in the CHRA, and worded in a manner consistent with international human rights treaties ratified by Canada. The paper argues that including social and economic rights in the CHRA would not alter the Act's essential character or purpose but, rather, would build on what has already been recognized, internationally and domestically, as implicit in the guarantee of dignity and equality. The proposed amendments would recognize the right to adequate food, clothing, housing, health care, social security, education, work which is freely chosen, child care, support services and other fundamental requirements for security and dignity of the person. Denying Under the proposed amendments to the CHRA, the mandate of the Canadian Human Rights Commission would also be expanded, to include issues of compliance with social and economic rights and with Canada's international human rights treaty obligations. This would bring the Commission into conformity with the Paris Principles, and in step with partner institutions in other countries, such as South Africa, which have explicit mandates to address social and economic rights issues. Most important, the proposed amendments to the CHRA would allow some of the most pressing and fundamental human rights claims of women to move from the margin to the centre of human rights discourse in Canada, recognizing and affirming the role of women's social and economic rights claims in enhancing democratic accountability, participation and transparency. economic rights under the CHRA in order to ensure that federal human rights law better addresses the real underlying issues of women's substantive inequality. This paper examines the question of whether, and how, social and economic rights can be effectively protected under the CHRA. Chapter 2 reviews the specific findings and recommendations of UN treaty-monitoring bodies relating to Canada's compliance with its international human rights obligations. This is followed by an examination of this issue from a domestic perspective, including the question of why Canada's existing statutory and constitutional human rights guarantees have been ineffective in promoting women's substantive social and economic equality. Finally, the paper considers how new social and economic rights guarantees under the CHRA should be formulated. Appendix A sets out a draft amendment to the CHRA, in order to provide a clear illustration of how the Act can be amended to strengthen and expand social and economic rights protections for women, without weakening existing equality guarantees.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Women's Substantive Equality and the Protection of Social and Economic Rights Under the Canadian Human Rights Act","attachmentId":120599565,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126772207/Womens_Substantive_Equality_and_the_Protection_of_Social_and_Economic_Rights_Under_the_Canadian_Human_Rights_Act","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126772207/Womens_Substantive_Equality_and_the_Protection_of_Social_and_Economic_Rights_Under_the_Canadian_Human_Rights_Act"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="24078032" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24078032/Research_Note_Note_de_recherche_The_ability_to_implement_human_rights_legislation_in_Canada">Research Note/Note de recherche The ability to implement human rights legislation in Canada</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46467173" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamesFrideres">James Frideres</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Une analyse recente de dossiers de la Commission canadienne des droits de la personne indique que l'application des dispositions 1Bgislatives contre la discrimination semble plus facile pour certains types de discrimination que pour d'autres. L'analyse d'un Bchantillon de dossiers de 1982-1983 montre que les plaintes relatives au sexe ou a une invalidite ont de meilleures chances d'&tre confirmees que les plaintes impliquant la race, la couleur, l'ethnicite ou l'origine nationale. Nous utilisons des techniques qualitatives et quantitatives, et montrons que, dam les cas impliquant sexe ou invalidite, le bien-fond6 de la plainte a Bte Btabli au moyen une procedure investigative comparative, alors que dans les autres cas une procedure sequentielle a ete utilisee.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Research Note/Note de recherche The ability to implement human rights legislation in Canada","attachmentId":44447610,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24078032/Research_Note_Note_de_recherche_The_ability_to_implement_human_rights_legislation_in_Canada","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24078032/Research_Note_Note_de_recherche_The_ability_to_implement_human_rights_legislation_in_Canada"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="8165962" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8165962/The_Strange_Double_Life_of_Canadian_Equality_Rights">The Strange Double Life of Canadian Equality Rights</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2807676" href="https://yorku.academia.edu/BruceRyder">Bruce Ryder</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Supreme Court Law Review, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Strange Double Life of Canadian Equality Rights","attachmentId":34602516,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8165962/The_Strange_Double_Life_of_Canadian_Equality_Rights","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8165962/The_Strange_Double_Life_of_Canadian_Equality_Rights"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="2530754" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2530754/The_Codification_of_Human_Rights_in_Canada">The Codification of Human Rights in Canada</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2556640" href="https://wwwusherbrooke.academia.edu/MaximeStHilaire">Maxime St-Hilaire</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">(2012) 42-3 Revue de droit de l’Université de Sherbrooke 505-569</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper offers a systematic but brief account of the adjudicative protection of human rights, both collective and individual, in domestic law. Such an overview also provides the opportunity to identify a few trends in the development of the Canadian constitutional case law regarding human rights. Even if human rights had received quasi-constitutional protection several decades earlier, their codification as part of the supreme law of Canada in 1982 proved to be a significant step forward. This is particularly true for the fundamental freedoms of expression and religion, and for "legal rights." The picture is more mixed, however, regarding democratic rights. Part II of the Constitution Act, 1982, relating to special rights of Aboriginal peoples, has had huge systemic repercussions. A notable source of concern is the Supreme Court's continued hesitance on how to conceive of the relation between the Charter's individual rights and freedoms and the special rights of Aboriginal peoples recognized in Part II of the C. A. 1982. L'article qui suit est une version corrigée, mise à jour et légèrement remaniée du rapport national canadien produit au deuxième congrès thématique de l'Académie internationale de droit comparé. Ce congrès, qui fut tenu à l'université nationale de Taiwan du 24 au 26 mai 2012, avait pour thème « La Codification ». Le texte qui suit offre donc une présentation à la fois systématique et brève de la protection juridictionnelle des droits fondamentaux, collectifs comme individuels, en droit interne. De dresser un tel panorama devait du reste permettre de dégager certaines tendances d'évolution de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle canadienne relative aux droits fondamentaux. Même si la protection « quasi constitutionnelle » de ceux-ci y était alors réalité depuis quelques décennies, la « codification » des droits de la personne au sein de la « loi suprême » du Canada en 1982 devait se révéler comme un progrès considérable. Cela concerne au premier chef les libertés fondamentales de religion et d'expression ainsi que les « garanties juridiques ». Le bilan est plus mitigé en ce qui concerne les droits démocratiques. La Partie II de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982, relative aux droits spéciaux des peuples autochtones, a eu des répercussions systémiques énormes. Une source d'inquiétude est l'hésitation dont continue de faire montre la Cour suprême sur la question de la manière dont il convient de concevoir la relation entre les droits et libertés que la Charte garantit à la personne et les droits que la Partie II de la L.C. 1982 reconnaît en propre aux peuples autochtones.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Codification of Human Rights in Canada","attachmentId":31326344,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2530754/The_Codification_of_Human_Rights_in_Canada","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2530754/The_Codification_of_Human_Rights_in_Canada"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="87967257" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87967257/The_Canadian_charter_of_rights_and_freedoms">The Canadian charter of rights and freedoms</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41969478" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RoyRomanow">Roy Romanow</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Patterns of Prejudice, 1983</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35693622/Compilation_of_Recommendations_on_Womens_Economic_Social_and_Cultural_Rights_in_Canada">Compilation of Recommendations on Women's Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Canada</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10316862" href="https://yorku.academia.edu/JenniferMussell">Jennifer Mussell</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Compilation of Recommendations on Women's Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Canada","attachmentId":55564789,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35693622/Compilation_of_Recommendations_on_Womens_Economic_Social_and_Cultural_Rights_in_Canada","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35693622/Compilation_of_Recommendations_on_Womens_Economic_Social_and_Cultural_Rights_in_Canada"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="111069992" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111069992/Womens_Rights_in_Canada_Social_and_Economic_Realities">Women's Rights in Canada: Social and Economic Realities</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="215773470" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DoerrAudrey">Audrey Doerr</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Atlantis: Critical Studies in Gender, Culture & Social Justice, 1984</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Women's Rights in Canada: Social and Economic Realities","attachmentId":108689895,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111069992/Womens_Rights_in_Canada_Social_and_Economic_Realities","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111069992/Womens_Rights_in_Canada_Social_and_Economic_Realities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="62698356" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62698356/Introduction_Advancing_Social_Rights_in_Canada">Introduction: Advancing Social Rights in Canada</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="88417041" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarthaJackman1">Martha Jackman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This chapter introduces the book Advancing Social 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Canada&#39;s international commitments and self-image as a country that respects human rights are at odds with the reality of socio-economic inequality and exclusion many Canadians experience. 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Canadians like to see themselves as champions of human rights in the international community. Closer to home, however, the human rights system in Canada - particularly its public institutions such as commissions and tribunals - has been the object of sustained debate and vehement criticism, based largely on widespread myths about how it works. In Speaking Out on Human Rights, Pearl Eliadis explodes these myths, analysing the pervasive distortions and errors on which they depend. Canada&#39;s human rights system, a unique legal tradition operating within a powerful modern constitution, is a fundamental mechanism for ensuring the practical application of our national commitment to tolerance and inclusion. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Canada&#39;s leading human rights experts and extensive original research, Eliadis explores the...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Speaking Out on Human Rights: Debating Canada's Human Rights System","attachmentId":68008211,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49766140/Speaking_Out_on_Human_Rights_Debating_Canadas_Human_Rights_System","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49766140/Speaking_Out_on_Human_Rights_Debating_Canadas_Human_Rights_System"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":76452557,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":76452557,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_76452557" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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